LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES INC - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-K

(Mark One) 

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016

OR

For the transition period from ______________ to ___________

Commission file number 000-27548

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value

Series D Participating Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES  ☐    NO  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “non-accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check One):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company, (as defined in Rule 12b-2 in the Exchange Act).
YES  ☐    NO  ☒.

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock held by non-affiliates (based on the closing sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market), was approximately $28,634,076 as of December 31, 2015.

As of September 12, 2016, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock outstanding was 15,633,258.

LightPath Technologies, Inc.

Form 10-K

Table of Contents

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements and information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, projections, strategies, future events or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are not statements of historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effect on us. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements represent management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

PART I

General

LightPath Technologies, Inc. (“LightPath”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) was incorporated under Delaware law in 1992 as the successor to LightPath Technologies Limited Partnership, a New Mexico limited partnership formed in 1989, and its predecessor, Integrated Solar Technologies Corporation, a New Mexico corporation formed in 1985. We manufacture optical components and higher level assemblies including precision molded glass aspheric optics, infrared aspheric lenses, GRADIUM glass lenses and other optical materials used to produce products that manipulate light. We design, develop, manufacture and distribute optical components and assemblies utilizing advanced optical manufacturing processes. Our products are incorporated into a variety of applications by our customers in many industries, including defense products, medical devices, laser aided industrial tools, automotive safety applications, barcode scanners, optical data storage, hybrid fiber coax datacom, telecommunications, machine vision and sensors, among others. Products that we produce enable lasers and imaging devices to function more effectively. For example:

In November 2005, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary, located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. The LPOI facility is primarily used for sales and support functions.

In December 2013, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd. (“LPOIZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary located in the New City district, of the Jiangsu province, of the People’s Republic of China. LPOIZ’s 26,000 square foot manufacturing facility serves as our primary manufacturing facility in China and provides a lower cost structure for production of larger volumes of optical components and assemblies.

Recent Events – ISP Optics Corporation Acquisition

On August 3, 2016, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) with ISP Optics Corporation (“ISP”) and Joseph Menaker and Mark Lifshotz (the “ISP Stockholders”), pursuant to which we will acquire (the “Acquisition”) all of the outstanding common stock of ISP (the “Purchased Shares”) from the ISP Stockholders. Following the closing of the Acquisition, ISP will become our wholly-owned subsidiary.

We will acquire the Purchased Shares for $18,000,000 (the “Purchase Price”), to be paid in a combination of cash (the “Cash Amount”) and a promissory note (the “Note”). The Cash Amount, subject to a net working capital adjustment, debt adjustment, and cash adjustment as provided in the Stock Purchase Agreement, will not be less than $12,000,000. The aggregate original principal amount of the Note will equal the Purchase Price less the Cash Amount, as adjusted pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, but in no event less than $3,000,000.

Completion of the Acquisition is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions. In addition to customary closing conditions, our obligation to complete the Acquisition is conditioned on receipt by us of financing we need to purchase the Purchased Shares and obtaining the requisite approval of our stockholders related to the financing and the Acquisition, as applicable, as required by applicable NASDAQ rules and other applicable law.

The closing of the Acquisition will occur on a date and time mutually agreed upon by the ISP Stockholders and us, no later than five (5) business days following the satisfaction or waiver of the closing conditions. Currently, we anticipate the Acquisition closing in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2016; however, there can be no assurance that the Acquisition will close in the fourth quarter of calendar year 2016, or at all.

Product Groups and Markets

During fiscal 2015, we started evaluating our business based on five product groups: low volume precision molded optics (“LVPMO”), high volume precision molded optics (“HVPMO”), specialty products, infrared products, and non-recurring engineering (“NRE”). Our LVPMO product group consists of precision molded optics with a sales price greater than $10 per lens that are usually sold in smaller lot quantities. Our HVPMO product group consists of precision molded optics with a sales price of less than $10 per lens that are usually sold in larger lot quantities. Our infrared product group is comprised of both molded lens and assemblies. Our specialty product group is comprised of value added products such as optical subsystems, assemblies, GRADIUM lenses, and isolators. Our NRE product group consists of those products we develop pursuant to product development agreements we enter into with customers. Typically, customers approach us and request that we develop new products or applications for our existing products to fit their particular needs or specifications. The timing and extent of any such product development is outside of our control.

We currently serve the following major markets: distribution and catalog, laser, industrial, instrumentation, telecommunications, and defense. Within our product groups, we have various applications that serve these major markets. For example, our HVPMO lenses are typically used in industrial tools, especially in China. Our HVPMO and LVPMO lenses are also used in applications for the telecommunications market, such as cloud computing, video distribution via digital technology, wireless broadband, and machine to machine connection, and, the laser market, such as laser tools, scientific and bench top lasers, and bar code scanners. Our infrared products can also be used in various applications within our major markets. Currently, sales of our infrared products are primarily for customers in the industrial market that use thermal imaging cameras. Our infrared products can also be used for gas sensing devices, spectrometers, night vision systems, automotive driver systems, thermal weapon gun sights, and infrared counter measure systems, among others. Within the larger overall markets, which are estimated to be in the multi-billions of dollars, we believe there is a market of approximately $800 million for our current products and capabilities. We continue to believe our products will provide significant growth opportunities over the next several years and, therefore, we will continue to target specific applications in each of these major markets. Our strategy is to leverage our technology, know-how, established low cost manufacturing capability, and partnerships to grow our business. We plan to accomplish this growth through the implementation of the following objectives:

The following further discusses the various products we offer and certain growth opportunities we anticipate for each such product.

LVPMO and HVPMO Product Groups. Aspheric lenses are known for their optimal performance. Aspheric lenses simplify and shrink optical systems by replacing several conventional lenses. However, aspheric lenses are difficult and costly to machine. Our glass molding technology enables the production of both low and high volumes of aspheric optics while still maintaining the highest quality at an affordable price. Molding is the most consistent and economical way to produce aspheres and we have perfected this method to offer the most precise molded aspheric lenses available.

In recent years, sales of both our LVPMOs and HVPMOs have increased. We expect this growth to continue for the next several years with what we believe is a multi-year growth cycle of the optical market. This multi-year growth cycle is driven by four major trends: cloud computing; video distribution via digital technology; wireless broadband; and machine-to-machine connection. Cloud computing has caused a shift in enterprise technology with increased spending for software-as-a-service (“SAAS”) and infrastructure-as-a-service (“IAAS”) capital investments. Delivery of applications and technology using SAAS or IAAS requires larger and faster network bandwidth. The explosion of mobile devices, which includes smartphones and tablet devices, is also requiring the expansion of network bandwidth as users are receiving and transferring larger amounts of data via their mobile devices. The number of mobile devices exceeded the global population at the beginning of 2015 and is estimated to be 1.5 mobile devices per capita by 2019. Individuals are also streaming more video on their mobile devices or through their smart TVs. This type of video distribution, which is estimated to be 80% of all network traffic by 2019, is creating a huge demand for larger and faster bandwidth. Finally, machine-to-machine connection technology allows wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same type. This type of networking often requires bandwidth in order for the machines to communicate with each other. All of these trends require the expansion of bandwidth, and thus, the growth of optical communication networks. Our products, such as our precision molded optical lenses, can be used as a component in optical communication networks. We also anticipate growth in our precision molded aspheres product revenues as we add new product lenses and applications for a variety of markets and industries, including laser tools, telecom transceivers, micro-projectors, scientific and bench top lasers, range finders, medical devices, bar code scanners and laser based spectrometers.

Infrared Product Group. Advances in chalcogenide materials have enabled compression molding for MWIR and LWIR optics in a process similar to precision molded lenses. Our molded infrared optics technology enables high performance, cost-effective infrared aspheric lenses that do not rely on traditional diamond turning or lengthy polishing methods. Utilizing precision molded aspheric optics significantly reduces the number of lenses required for typical thermal imaging systems and the cost to manufacture these lenses, as well as the size of the lens system. Traditional germanium or zinc selenide aspheres are manufactured by diamond turning, which is a time-consuming and expensive process. Diamond turned lenses are made one at a time and the lenses suffer from variations in the surface resulting in variations of performance from lens to lens. The infrared optics molding process allows lenses to be manufactured in high volume with a highly repeatable, consistent performance and allows for sophisticated beam shaping or achromatization over a range of wavelengths to be molded directly into the surfaces of the lens.

Overall, we anticipate growth for infrared optics and increased requirements for systems requiring molded aspheric optics over traditional ground and polished lenses. Infrared systems, which include thermal imaging cameras, gas sensing devices, spectrometers, night vision systems, automotive driver awareness systems such as blind spot detection, thermal weapon gun sights, and infrared counter measure systems, represent a market that is forecasted to grow to greater than $5.6 billion at the complete systems level by 2020 at a compound annual growth rate of 10%. As infrared imaging systems become widely available, the cost of optical components needs to decrease before the market demand will increase. Our aspheric molding process is an enabling technology for the cost reduction and commercialization of infrared imaging systems because the aspheric shape of our lenses enables system designers to reduce the lens element in a system and provide similar performance at a lower cost.

Specialty Product Group. We have a rapidly growing group of specialty products and assemblies that take advantage of our unique technologies and capabilities. These products include custom optical designs, mounted lenses, optical assemblies, and GRADIUM lenses. We expect growth from defense communications programs and commercial optical sub-assemblies.

Our GRADIUM glass is an optical quality glass material with axially varying refractive index, capable of reducing optical aberrations inherent in conventional lenses and performing with a single lens tasks traditionally performed by multi-element, conventional lens systems. Typical applications include surgical lasers, high power YAG lasers for welding, cutting and marking, defense-market uses, and test and measurement. GRADIUM has a unique capability to handle up to 10 kilowatts of power and is servicing a niche market for laser high-power cutting and laser welding.

We design, build, and sell optical assemblies into markets for test and measurement, medical devices, military, industrial, and communications based on our proprietary technologies. Many of our optical assemblies consist of several products that we manufacture.

Sales and Marketing

Marketing. Extensive product diversity and varying levels of product maturity characterize the optics industry. Product markets range from consumer (e.g., cameras, copiers) to industrial (e.g., lasers, data storage, infrared imaging), from products where the lenses are the central feature (e.g., telescopes, microscopes, lens systems) to products incorporating lens components (e.g., robotics, semiconductor production equipment) and communications (e.g., various optics are required for bandwidth expansion and improved data transfer for the optical network). As a result, we market our products across a wide variety of customer groups including laser systems manufacturers, laser OEMs, infrared-imaging systems vendors, industrial laser tool manufacturers, telecommunications equipment manufacturers, medical and industrial measurement equipment manufacturers, government defense agencies, and research institutions worldwide.

Organization Optimization Plan. In February 2015, we transitioned to a technical sales process that leveraged the success of our existing demand-creation model. To align the organization for specific goals and accountability, we created an executive structure with three direct reporting lines: Operations, China, and Finance. Technical and engineering staffs are now more fully integrated with our sales force, and two new sales positions were created: (i) Executive Sales Manager, which combined the responsibility for all sales and marketing, and (ii) Marketing Manager. We also combined the organizations supporting our aspheric visible lens products and our infrared products. Sales, marketing, engineering, and quality report to the Executive Vice President – Operations.

Sales Organization. We have regional sales forces that market and sell our products directly to customers in North America and China. We also have a master distributor in Europe. We have formalized relationships with 14 industrial, laser, and optoelectronics distributors and channel partners located in the United States and various foreign countries to assist in the distribution of our products in highly specific target markets. We also have reseller arrangements with the top three product catalog companies in the optics and opto-electronics market. In addition, we also maintain our own product catalog and internet website (www.lightpath.com) as vehicles for broader promotion of our products. We make use of print media advertisements in various trade magazines and participate in appropriate domestic and foreign trade shows.

All of our partners work diligently to expand opportunities in emerging geographic markets and through alternate channels of distribution. We believe that we provide a high level of support in developing and maintaining our long-term relationships with our customers. Customer service and support are provided through our offices and those of our partners that are located throughout the world.

Trade Shows. We display our product line additions and enhancements at one or more trade shows each year. For example, we participated in several United States based shows including Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers (“SPIE”) Photonics West in January 2016 and SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing in May 2016. We also participate in shows in China such as the China International Optoelectronic Exposition in Shenzhen. In addition, we partner with key distributors to attend exhibitions such as Laser World of Photonics in Munich, Germany. This strategy underscores our strategic directive of broadening our base of innovative optical components and assemblies. These trade shows also provide an opportunity to meet with and enhance existing business relationships, meet and develop potential customers, and to distribute information and samples regarding our products.

Competition

The market for optical components generally is highly competitive and highly fragmented. We compete with manufacturers of conventional spherical lenses and optical components, providers of aspheric lenses and optical components, and producers of optical quality glass.To a lesser extent, we compete with developers of specialty optical components and assemblies.Many of these competitors have greater financial, manufacturing, marketing, and other resources than we do.

We believe our unique capabilities in optical design engineering, our low cost structure and our substantial presence in Asia, particularly in China, provides us with a competitive edge and assists us in securing business. Additionally, we believe that we offer value to some customers as a second or backup supply source in the United States should they be unwilling to commit to purchase their entire supply of a critical component from a foreign production source. We also have a broad product offering to satisfy a variety of applications and markets.

LVPMOs and HVPMOs Product Groups. Our LVPMO products compete with conventional lenses and optical components manufactured by companies such as Asia Optical, Anteryon, RPO, and Sunny Optics.

Aspheric lenses compete with lens systems comprised of multiple conventional lenses. Machined aspheric lenses compete with our molded glass aspheric lenses, which are part of our HVPMO product group. Aspheric lens system manufacturers include Panasonic, ALP’s, Hoya Corporation, as well as newer competitors from China and Taiwan such as E-pin Optical Industry Co. and Kinik Company. The use of aspheric surfaces provides the optical designer with a powerful tool in correcting spherical aberrations and enhancing performance in state-of-the-art optical products. However, we believe that our optical design expertise and our flexibility in providing custom high performance optical components at a low price are key competitive advantages for us over these competitors.

Plastic molded aspheres and hybrid plastic/glass aspheric optics, on the other hand, allow for high volume production, but primarily are limited to low cost consumer products that do not place a high demand on performance (such as plastic lenses in disposable or mobile phone cameras). Molded plastic aspheres appear in products that stress cost or weight as their measure of success over performance and durability. Our low cost structure allows us to compete with these lenses based on higher performance and durability from our glass lenses at only a small premium in price over plastic or plastic/glass hybrid lenses.

Infrared Product Group. Our infrared molded aspheric optics competes with traditional infrared lenses manufactured from germanium, such as those produced by Janos Technologies, Ophir Optics or Elcan Optical Technologies. These traditional infrared lenses can either be polished spherical or are diamond turned aspherical. Our molded lenses compete with spherical lenses because like all aspheres they can replace doublets or triplets based on the higher performance of an aspheric lens. Diamond turned aspheres from germanium are expensive to produce in high volumes and time consuming to manufacture. We believe our low cost, high volume lens business strategy enables us to compete with the manufacturers of traditional infrared lens.

Our molded infrared optics competes with products manufactured by Umicore, Kiro, and Free Form. We believe that our optical design expertise and our flexibility in providing custom, high performance infrared optical components are key advantages over the products manufactured by these competitors. A specific advantage over Umicore, a foreign company, is that the infrared market is highly dependent on the United States defense industry, which prefers to purchase from United States based companies such as LightPath.

Specialty Product Group. GRADIUM lenses are often used for products in the niche high power laser optics market. GRADIUM lenses are produced using a unique, well-established technology that no other manufacturer possesses, which provides us with a competitive advantage. However, there are other competing technologies, such as traditional fused silica doublets and triplets, as well as newer large diameter aspheres, such as those manufactured by Asphericon or Edmund Optics.

Manufacturing

Facilities. Our manufacturing is largely performed in our 26,000 square foot production facility in Orlando, Florida and in LPOIZ’s 26,000 square foot production facility in Zhenjiang, China. In October 2015, LPOI moved its sales and support functions to a 1,700 square foot facility in Shanghai. With space remaining in the Zhenjiang and Orlando facilities, we believe our facilities are adequate to accommodate our needs for the foreseeable future.

Our manufacturing facilities feature areas for each step of the manufacturing process, including coating work areas, preform manufacturing and a clean room for pressing and integrated assembly. Our Orlando and Zhenjiang facilities include new product development laboratories and space that includes development and metrology equipment. Our Zhenjiang facility has anti-reflective coating equipment to coat our lenses in-house.

Production and Equipment. Our Orlando facility contains a manufacturing area for our molded glass aspheres, a tooling and machine shop to support new product development, commercial production requirements for our machined parts, the fabrication of proprietary press work stations and mold equipment, and a clean room for our molding and assembly workstations. We also have glass coring equipment to meet our current needs of GRADIUM product sales worldwide. The Orlando facility is also International Traffic in Arms and Regulation (ITAR) compliant. LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang facility features a molded glass aspheres manufacturing area, clean room, and an area for anti-reflective coating. Our Orlando and Zhenjiang facilities are ISO 9001:2008 certified. For more information regarding our facilities, please see Item 2. Properties in this Annual Report.

Subcontractors and Strategic Alliances. We believe that low-cost manufacturing is crucial to our long-term success. In that regard, we generally use subcontractors in our production process to accomplish certain processing steps requiring specialized capabilities. For example, we presently use a number of qualified subcontractors for fabricating, polishing, and coating certain lenses as necessary. We have taken steps to protect our proprietary methods of repeatable high quality manufacturing by patent disclosures and internal trade secret controls.

Suppliers. We utilize a number of glass compositions in manufacturing our molded glass aspheres and lens array products. These glasses or equivalents are available from a large number of suppliers, including CDGM Glass Company, Ohara, and Sumita. Base optical materials, used in both GRADIUM and collimator products, are manufactured and supplied by a number of optical and glass manufacturers. We believe that a satisfactory supply of such production materials will continue to be available at reasonable prices, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

We also rely on local and regional vendors for component materials and services such as housings, fixtures, magnets, chemicals and inert gases, specialty ceramics, UV and AR coatings, and other specialty coatings. In addition, certain products require external processing such as anodizing and metallization. To date, we are not dependent on any of these manufacturers and have found a suitable number of qualified vendors and suppliers for these materials and services.

We currently purchase a few key materials from single or limited sources. We believe that a satisfactory supply of production materials will continue to be available at competitive prices, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

Intellectual Property

Our policy is to protect our technology by, among other things, patents, trade secret protection, trademarks, and copyrights.  We primarily rely upon trade secrets and unpatented proprietary know-how to protect certain process inventions, lens designs and innovations.  For example, a key feature of GRADIUM glass is that, once fabricated, it does not reveal our formula upon inspection and, to our knowledge, cannot be reverse-engineered.  We have taken security measures to protect our trade secrets and proprietary know-how, to the extent possible.

In addition to trade secrets and proprietary know-how, we have limited patents and/or patent applications in the areas of glass composition, glass molding, gradient geometries, and certain production processes such as fiber attachment and micro-fabrication.  The first of our issued patents expired in 2006; the remainder expire at various times through 2023. 

Our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate and our competitors may independently develop technology or products that are similar to ours or that compete with ours.  Patent, trademark, and trade secret laws afford only limited protection for our technology and products.  The laws of many countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States.  Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary.  Third parties may also design around our proprietary rights, which may render our protected technology and products less valuable, if the design around is favorably received in the marketplace.  In addition, if any of our products or technology is covered by third-party patents or other intellectual property rights, we could be subject to various legal actions.  We cannot assure you that our technology platform and products do not infringe patents held by others or that they will not in the future.  Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement, invalidity, misappropriation, or other claims.

We own several registered and unregistered service marks and trademarks that are used in the marketing and sale of our products.  The following table sets forth our registered and unregistered service marks and trademarks, if registered, the country in which the mark is filed, and the renewal date for such mark.

Environmental and Governmental Regulation

Currently, emissions, and waste from our manufacturing processes are at such low levels that no special environmental permits or licenses are required. In the future, we may need to obtain special permits for disposal of increased waste by-products. The glass materials we utilize contain some toxic elements in a stabilized molecular form. However, the high temperature diffusion process results in low-level emissions of such elements in gaseous form. If production reaches a certain level, we believe that we will be able to efficiently recycle certain of our raw material waste, thereby reducing disposal levels. We believe that we are presently in compliance with all material federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing our operations and have obtained all material licenses and permits necessary for the operation of our business.

We also utilize certain chemicals, solvents, and adhesives in our manufacturing process. We believe we maintain all necessary permits and are in full compliance with all applicable regulations.

To our knowledge there are currently no United States federal, state or local regulations that restrict the manufacturing and distribution of our products. Certain end-user applications require government approval of the complete optical system, such as United States Food and Drug Administration approval for use in endoscopy. In these cases, we will generally be involved on a secondary level and our OEM customer will be responsible for the license and approval process.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act imposes disclosure requirements regarding the use of “conflict minerals” mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries in products, whether or not these products are manufactured by third parties. The conflict minerals include tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, and their derivatives. Pursuant to these requirements, we are required to report on Form SD the procedures we employ to determine the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from those minerals. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including for diligence in regards to the sources of any conflict minerals used in our products, in addition to the cost of remediation and other changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. In addition, the implementation of these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply, and pricing of materials used in our products. We strive to only use suppliers that source from conflict-free smelters and refiners; however, in the future, we may face difficulties in gathering information regarding our suppliers and the source of any such conflict minerals.

New Product Development

For many years, we engaged in basic research and development that resulted in the invention of GRADIUM glass and certain proprietary processes for fabricating GRADIUM glass lenses. Thereafter, our new product development efforts led to the development of our capabilities in molded aspheric lenses and infrared lenses. We incurred expenditures for new product development during fiscal 2016 and 2015 of approximately $669,000 and $1.1 million, respectively. We concentrated our efforts to support existing and new customers in the design and manufacture of items in three of our product lines: HVPMO lenses, LVPMO lenses and infrared products.

In fiscal 2017, we anticipate focusing our new product development efforts on infrared optics products for imaging and sensing, fiber lasers, defense, medical devices, industrial, optical data storage, machine vision, sensors, and environmental monitoring. We currently plan to expend approximately $847,000 for new product development during fiscal 2017, which could vary depending upon revenue levels, customer requirements, and perceived market opportunities.

For more difficult or customized products, we bill our customers for engineering services as a non-recurring engineering fee.

Concentration of Customer Risk

In fiscal 2016, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 25% of our annual revenue with one customer at 10% of our sales, another customer at 8% of our sales and the third customer at 7% of our sales. In fiscal 2015, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 28% of our annual revenue with one customer at 11% of our sales, another customer at 10% of our sales and the third customer at 7% of our sales. The loss of any of these customers, or a significant reduction in sales to any such customer, would adversely affect our revenues. We continue to diversify our business in order to minimize our sales concentration risk.

In fiscal 2016, 59% of our net revenue was derived from sales outside of the United States, with 91% of our foreign sales derived from customers in Europe and Asia.

Employees

As of June 30, 2016, we had 181 employees, of which 180 were full-time equivalent employees, with 71 located in Florida and 110 located in China. Of our 181 employees, we have 24 employees engaged in management, administrative, and clerical functions, 13 employees in new product development, 13 employees in sales and marketing, and 131 employees in production and quality control functions. Any employee additions or terminations over the next twelve months will be dependent upon the actual sales levels realized during fiscal 2017. We have used and will continue utilizing part-time help, temporary employment agencies, and outside consultants, where appropriate, to qualify prospective employees and to ramp up production as required from time to time. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.

We occupy a 26,000 square foot facility in Orlando, Florida, which includes a 6,000 square foot clean room and houses our corporate headquarters, engineering, marketing, internal sales, manufacturing management and some manufacturing operations. At our Orlando facility, our molded glass aspheres manufacturing area includes lens pressing equipment, high precision mold production equipment, advanced metrology and inspection equipment, and coating facilities. It also features a tooling and machine shop, which can support new product development, commercial production requirements for our machined parts, and the fabrication of propriety press workstations and mold equipment. Our Orlando facility has glass coring equipment for our current needs of GRADIUM product sales and also includes a clean room for our molding and assembly workstations, which include our proprietary laser fusion and housing equipment, automated testing processes, and laser polishing stations. Our Orlando facility is International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) compliant.

The monthly rental payments for our Orlando facility will average approximately $22,000 through April 2022, which excludes all charges, common area maintenance, escalation, and certain pass-through of taxes and other operating costs. In July 2014, we negotiated a new lease that increased our space from approximately 22,000 square feet to approximately 26,000 square feet, or by 20%, and extended the lease term through April 2022. The additional space allowed us to relocate our administration functions to new office space and reclaim needed manufacturing space for our business. We were also able to take advantage of local market conditions and decrease our overall rent expense by 25%. Minimum rental rates for the extension term were established based on annual increases of two and one half percent and start in the third year of the extension period. Additionally, there is one five-year extension option exercisable by us. The minimum rental rates for such additional extension options will be determined at the time an option is exercised and will be based on a “fair market value rate” as determined in accordance with the lease agreement.

LPOI leases an approximately 1,700 square foot facility located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. LPOI’s Shanghai facility is primarily used for sales and support functions. The lease expires in October 2017 and houses 9 employees. The base rent is approximately $1,700 per month, which excludes all charges, common area maintenance, and other operating costs.

LPOIZ leases an approximately 26,000 square foot facility located in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China. LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang facility features a molded glass aspheres manufacturing area, which includes lens pressing equipment, advanced metrology and inspection equipment. The clean room in LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang facility features assembly manufacturing equipment and automated dispensing systems. The Zhenjiang facility also houses our precision dicing equipment and anti-reflective coating equipment.

The LPOIZ lease is for a five-year term that will expire March 31, 2019. The Zhenjiang facility houses 101 employees. The rent is approximately $1,700 per month, which excludes all charges, common area maintenance, and other operating costs.

We are ISO 9001:2008 certified at both our Orlando and LPOIZ manufacturing facilities. Much of our product qualification is performed in-house at our facilities. Our test and evaluation capabilities include damp heat, high/low temp storage, and a thermal shock oven, which are representative of the equipment required to meet Telecordia requirements for telecommunications customers as well as other customer required product specifications. Our new product development department has computer aided design (CAD) tools and technical support. The continuing implementation of various statistical process controls (SPCs) is being pursued to improve product yields and allows us to reduce costly manual testing operations. Quality control in manufacturing to ensure a quality end product is critical to our ability to bring our products to market, as our customers may demand rigorous testing prior to their purchase of our products.

With space remaining in the Zhenjiang and Orlando facilities, we believe our facilities are adequate to accommodate our needs over the next year. We are in the process of adding additional production equipment in Orlando and Zhenjiang. We will also add additional work shifts at the Zhenjiang facility, as needed, to increase capacity and meet forecasted demand.

Our territorial sales personnel maintain an office from their homes to serve their geographical territories.

From time to time, we are involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We currently have no legal proceeding to which we are a party to or to which our property is subject to and, to the best of our knowledge, no adverse legal activity is anticipated or threatened.

PART II

Market Information

Our Class A common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NCM”) under the symbol “LPTH”.

The following table sets forth the range of high and low bid prices for our Class A common stock for the periods indicated, as reported by the NCM. The quotation information below reflects inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission, and may not represent actual transactions. The closing ask price on June 30, 2016 was $1.74 per share.

Holders

As of June 21, 2016, we estimate there were approximately 242 holders of record and approximately 5,227 street name holders of our Class A common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class A common stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings in order to finance the operation and expansion of our business. In addition, the payment of dividends, if any, in the future, will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and other relevant factors.

Securities Authorized For Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information with respect to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of the end of fiscal 2016:

Please see section titled “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information relating to compensation plans approved and not approved by our stockholders.

You should read the following discussion and analysis by our management of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please also see the cautionary language at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding forward-looking statements.

Results of Operations

Operating Results for Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015:

Revenue for fiscal 2016 totaled approximately $17.27 million compared to approximately $13.66 million for fiscal 2015, an increase of 26%. The 26% increase in revenue primarily resulted from a $1.00 million increase in sales of specialty products due to higher volume of sales to defense customers, a $1.8 million increase in sales of our HVPMO and LVPMO products, a $559,000 increase in sales of our infrared products, and a $297,000 increase in NRE fees. The $1.8 million increase in sales of our HVPMO and LVPMO products is due to revenue for LVPMO increasing by 4%, or $286,000, compared to fiscal 2015, while revenue for HVPMO increased by 58%, or $1.46 million, compared to fiscal 2015. Unit shipment volume in precision molded optics in fiscal 2016 increased by 17% as compared to fiscal 2015 and the average selling price improved 2% period over period. This was due to a product mix shift in the LVPMO group with higher volumes sold to customers in the distribution, medical applications, and telecommunications sectors. We expect continued growth in sales to be derived primarily from our specialty products and our precision molded optics product line, particularly our HVPMOs sold in Asia, and our infrared product line based upon recent quote activity and market trends.

Gross margin percentage for fiscal 2016 was 54% compared to 44% in fiscal 2015. The improvement in gross margin is primarily attributed to a $3.6 million increase in revenues with a favorable product mix of higher margin products, resulting in higher sales prices and providing leverage of our increased sales volume against our fixed manufacturing overhead costs. Also, improvements in our infrared product group due to better yields and cost reductions with in-house coating increased gross margin. Total manufacturing costs were approximately $7.97 million, an increase of approximately $286,000 as compared to fiscal 2015.

We plan to continue emphasizing unit cost reductions now that we have completed the consolidation of production in LPOIZ’s facility, efficiently purchasing raw materials and continuing to increase the amount of anti-reflective coating we do in-house versus outsourcing this service. We also anticipate efficiency improvements in production at LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang facility as the employees become a more experienced workforce.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $1.45 million to $6.58 million in fiscal 2016 as compared to $5.13 million in fiscal 2015. The increase was primarily due to: (i) a $412,000 increase in the accrual for fiscal 2016 incentive compensation given the strong performance during fiscal 2016, which increased to $720,000 in fiscal 2016 from $380,000 in fiscal 2015 (ii) a $399,000 increase of wages from new product development as a result of the transition to a technical sales process, which we announced in February 2015 as part of our organizational optimization plan, (iii) a $100,000 early termination payment due pursuant to a sales agreement, (iv) a $67,000 increase for fees related to our 2016 stockholders’ annual meeting and related proxy solicitations, (v) a $334,000 increase in legal expenses related to the 2016 stockholders’ annual meeting and the ISP acquisition, and (vi) a $139,000 increase in other expenses. We project that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase in fiscal 2017, due to an increase in commissions earned by our sales force and incentive compensation paid to our named executive officers and key employees as a result of an increase in forecasted sales.

New product development costs in fiscal 2016 decreased by approximately $440,000 to $669,000 from $1.1 million in fiscal 2015. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in wages as a result of the re-positioning of personnel to selling, general and administrative expenses in connection with our transition to a technical sales process and a decrease in materials used for engineering projects. We anticipate an increase in fiscal 2017 in product development spending as compared to fiscal 2016.

Interest expense was approximately $37,600 for fiscal 2016 as compared to approximately $31,500 for fiscal 2015. Interest expense resulted from amortization of debt costs related to our invoice-based working capital revolving line of credit (the “Invoiced Base Line”) with AvidBank Corporate Finance, a division of AvidBank (“AvidBank”) and interest on capital lease obligations.

In fiscal 2016 and 2015, we recognized approximately $52,000 in income and approximately $464,000 in expense, respectively, related to the change in the fair value of derivative warrants issued in connection with our June 2012 private placement. This fair value will be re-measured each reporting period throughout the five year life of the warrants, or until exercised.

Investment and other income decreased by approximately $347,000 to an expense of $305,000 in fiscal 2016 primarily from the impact of foreign exchange rates reflecting the change in foreign exchange rates during the period of time between when we received invoices and paid those invoices and the book value change on our fixed assets and inventory in China.

We execute all foreign sales from our Orlando facility and inter-company transactions in United States dollars, mitigating the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Assets and liabilities denominated in non-United States currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the year. During the years ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, we incurred a gain of $75,428 and a loss of $1,000 on foreign currency translation, respectively.

Net income for fiscal 2016 was approximately $1.41 million compared with a net loss of approximately $715,000 in fiscal 2015, an increase of approximately $2.13 million. This increase in net income from fiscal 2015 to fiscal 2016 was primarily driven by higher sales with increased gross margin, partially offset by the negative impact of accounting entries for the change in the fair value of our warrant liability.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At June 30, 2016, we had working capital of approximately $7.94 million and total cash and cash equivalents of approximately $2.91 million, of which approximately $1.45 million of the total cash was held by our foreign subsidiaries.

Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries in China were generated in China as a result of foreign earnings. Before any funds can be repatriated the retained earnings in China must equal at least 150% of the registered capital. As of June 30, 2016, we had retained earnings of $1.18 million and we need to have retained earnings of $11.3 million before repatriation will be allowed. We currently intend to permanently invest earnings generated from our foreign operations, and, therefore, we have not previously provided for United States taxes on the related earnings. However, if in the future we change such intention, we would provide for and pay additional United States taxes at that time.

We generally rely on cash from operations and equity and debt offerings, to the extent available, to satisfy our liquidity needs. From February 1996 (when our initial public offering occurred) through the end of fiscal 2016, inclusive, we raised a net total of approximately $106 million from the issuance of common and preferred stock, the sale of convertible debt and the exercise of options and warrants for shares of our common stock.

On December 23, 2014, we entered into the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amended LSA”) with AvidBank for the Invoice Based Line. Pursuant to the Amended LSA, AvidBank will, in its discretion, make loan advances to us up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding not to exceed the lesser of (i) One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) or (ii) eighty percent (80%) (the “Maximum Advance Rate”) of the aggregate balance of our eligible accounts receivable, as determined by AvidBank in accordance with the Amended LSA. AvidBank may, in its discretion, elect to not make a requested advance, determine that certain accounts are not eligible accounts, change the Maximum Advance Rate or apply a lower advance rate to particular accounts or terminate the Amended LSA. Our obligations under the Amended LSA are secured by a first priority security interest (subject to permitted liens) in cash, U.S. inventory and accounts receivable.

On December 23, 2015, we executed the First Amendment to the Amended LSA to extend the term to December 23, 2016. Amounts borrowed under the Amended LSA may be repaid and re-borrowed at any time prior to December 23, 2016, at which time all amounts shall be immediately due and payable. We did not have any amount outstanding under the Amended LSA as of June 30, 2016. We do not anticipate the need to draw upon this facility during fiscal 2017. However, if we would draw upon this facility, cash flows generated from U.S. operations are estimated to be sufficient to service this debt. For additional information, see Note 16, Loan Payable, to the Notes to the Financial Statements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We believe we have adequate financial resources to sustain our current operations in the coming year. We have established milestones that will be tracked to ensure that as funds are expended we are achieving results before additional funds are committed. We anticipate sales growth in fiscal 2017 primarily from precision molded optics, with the emphasis on HVPMO applications, specialty products, and infrared products. We also expect to be better positioned to accelerate our revenue growth and profitability as a result of certain strategic growth initiatives and an organizational optimization plan where we transitioned to a technical sales process that leverages the success of our existing demand-creation model. These growth initiatives and organizational modifications are intended to further enhance our incremental organic growth position for our core aspheric lens business, prime our operations for the anticipated high growth of our new infrared products, and allow for the integration of strategic acquisitions. We are also benefiting from a substantial increase in revenue generating opportunities and broader market applications as a result of our investments in technologies that decreased our lens production costs and expanded our production capacity. We believe we can further improve upon our track record of growth – and do so far more profitably.

There are a number of factors that could result in the need to raise additional funds, including a decline in revenue or a lack of anticipated sales growth, increased material costs, increased labor costs, planned production efficiency improvements not being realized, increases in property, casualty, benefit and liability insurance premiums, and increases in other discretionary spending, particularly sales and marketing related. We will also continue efforts to keep costs under control as we seek renewed sales growth. Our efforts are directed toward generating positive cash flow and profitability. If these efforts are not successful, we may need to raise additional capital. Should capital not be available to us at reasonable terms, other actions may become necessary in addition to cost control measures and continued efforts to increase sales. These actions may include exploring strategic options for the sale of the Company, the sale of certain product lines, the creation of joint ventures or strategic alliances under which we will pursue business opportunities, the creation of licensing arrangements with respect to our technology, or other alternatives.

Cash Flows – Financings:

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $237,000 in fiscal 2016 compared to approximately $963,000 in fiscal 2015. As of June 30, 2016 and 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $204 million and $205 million, respectively.

On January 20, 2015, we closed a sale of our securities in accordance with that certain Securities Purchase Agreement with Pudong Science & Technology Investment (Cayman) Co., Ltd. (“Pudong Investment”). Prior to the closing, the Securities Purchase Agreement was amended (as amended, the “SPA”) and assigned by Pudong Science & Technology (Cayman) Co., Ltd. (“Pudong”) to its affiliate, Pudong Investment.

In connection with the closing, we sold to Pudong Investment 930,790 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $1.40 per share, which was adjusted from the initial per share purchase price of $1.62 pursuant to the terms of the SPA. We received gross cash proceeds from the issuance of the Class A common stock in the amount of approximately $1,303,000. The costs associated with this equity raise were approximately $181,000, leaving net proceeds of approximately $1,122,000. We used the sale proceeds to provide working capital in support of our continued growth, particularly new product development, sales and marketing of our infrared product line, capital expenditures related to the acquisition of new equipment and for working capital needs for our U. S. and Chinese operations.

Immediately following the issuance of the shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the SPA, Pudong Investment beneficially owned 14.9% of our outstanding shares of Class A common Stock.

The shares of Class A common stock issued were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”). The shares of Class A common stock are restricted securities that have not been registered under the Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or applicable exemption from the registration requirements.

Cash Flows – Operating and Investing:

Cash flow provided by operations was approximately $1.53 million for the year ended June 30, 2016, an increase of approximately $1.44 million from fiscal 2015. Our cash flow provided by operations was approximately $290,000 for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, compared to cash flow provided by operations of approximately $747,000 for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015. We anticipate improvement in our cash flows provided by operations in future years due to sales growth and continued margin improvements based on production efficiencies and reductions in product costs, offset by marginal increases in selling, administrative, and new product development expenditures.

During fiscal 2016, we expended approximately $1.13 million for capital equipment as compared to $689,000 during fiscal 2015. In fiscal 2015, we initiated capital leases in the amount of $524,000 for manufacturing equipment. The majority of our capital expenditures during both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 were related to the purchase of equipment used to enhance or expand our production capacity, tooling for our precision molded products, and equipment and facility improvements for our new facility in Zhenjiang. We anticipate an increase in capital expenditures during fiscal 2017; however, the total amount expended will depend on opportunities and circumstances.

License Agreement:

On April 28, 2015, we entered into a License Agreement with one of our specialty products customers (the “Customer”) whereby we granted an irrevocable license of certain technology to be used by the Customer to manufacture fiber collimator assemblies. As we no longer intend to produce such assemblies for the Customer in the future, we provided process work instructions, training and inventory to the Customer in order for them to continue manufacturing these assemblies on their own. Pursuant to the License Agreement, we received $200,000 in fees in consideration of our disclosure of the technology and the grant of a license to the Customer to use the technology to manufacture specific fiber collimator assemblies. The license fees were paid in two installments. The first installment of $100,000 was received in May 2015 and the second installment of $100,000 was received in August 2015. The transaction was accounted for under the guidance of ASC 605-10, Revenue Recognition and was recognized over the ninety-day training period which was completed in August 2015. Pursuant to the License Agreement, the Customer also agreed to order and purchase from us a certain number of fiber collimator assemblies during the transition process. We recognized approximately $76,000 of revenue in fiscal 2016, with expenses of $15,000. We recognized approximately $124,000 of revenue in fiscal 2015, with expenses of $18,000. The costs associated with this License Agreement were approximately $33,000.

How We Operate

We have continuing sales of two basic types: occasional sales via ad-hoc purchase orders of mostly standard product configurations (our “turns” business) and the more challenging and potentially more rewarding business of customer product development. In this latter type of business we work with customers to help them determine optical specifications and even create certain optical designs for them, including complex multi-component designs that we call “engineered assemblies.” This is followed by “sampling” small numbers of the product for the customers’ test and evaluation. Thereafter, should a customer conclude that our specification or design is the best solution to their product need; we negotiate and “win” a contract (sometimes called a “design win”) – whether of a “blanket purchase order” type or a supply agreement. The strategy is to create an annuity revenue stream that makes the best use of our production capacity as compared to the turns business, which is unpredictable and uneven. This annuity revenue stream can also generate low-cost, high-volume type orders. A key business objective is to convert as much of our business to the design win and annuity model as is possible. We face several challenges in doing so:

Despite these challenges to winning more “annuity” business, we nevertheless believe we can be successful in procuring this business because of our unique capabilities in optical design engineering that we make available on the merchant market, a market that we believe is underserved in this area of service offering. Additionally, we believe that we offer value to some customers as a source of supply in the United States should they be unwilling to commit to purchase their entire supply of a critical component to foreign merchant production sources. We also continue to have the proprietary GRADIUM lens glass technology to offer to certain laser markets.

Our Key Performance Indicators

Usually on a weekly basis, management reviews a number of performance indicators. Some of these indicators are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as units of shippable output by product line, production yield rates by major product line, and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost, and, therefore, improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. We believe that our non-financial production indicators, such as those noted, are proprietary information.

The discussions of our results as presented in this Annual Report include use of the non-GAAP terms “EBITDA” and “gross margin.” EBITDA is discussed below. Gross margin is determined by deducting the cost of sales from operating revenue. Cost of sales includes manufacturing direct and indirect labor, materials, services, fixed costs for rent, utilities and depreciation, and variable overhead. Gross margin should not be considered an alternative to operating income or net income, both of which are determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe that gross margin, although a non-GAAP financial measure, is useful and meaningful to investors as a basis for making investment decisions. It provides investors with information that demonstrates our cost structure and provides funds for our total costs and expenses. We use gross margin in measuring the performance of our business and have historically analyzed and reported gross margin information publicly. Other companies may calculate gross margin in a different manner.

Financial indicators that are usually reviewed at the same time include the major elements of the micro-level business cycle:

These indicators are similarly used to determine tactical operating actions and changes and are discussed in more detail below.

Sales Backlog:

Sales growth has been and continues to be our best indicator of success. Our best view into the efficacy of our sales efforts is in our “order book.” Our order book equates to sales “backlog.” It has a quantitative and a qualitative aspect: quantitatively, our backlog’s prospective dollar value and qualitatively, what percent of the backlog is scheduled by the customer for date-certain delivery. We define our “12-month backlog” as that which is requested by the customer for delivery within one year and which is reasonably likely to remain in the backlog and be converted into revenues. This includes customer purchase orders and may include amounts under supply contracts if they meet the aforementioned criteria. Generally, a higher 12-month backlog is better for us.

Our 12-month backlog grew while we increased our shipment volume by 26%, maintaining our strong booking performance. Our 12-month backlog at June 30, 2016 was approximately $6.60 million compared to $6.49 million as of June 30, 2015. Backlog growth rates for fiscal 2016 and 2015 are:

Our order intake remained strong in fiscal 2016 with solid bookings across all of the major markets we serve with particular strength in our telecommunications products and infrared products. China’s construction industry experienced some recovery during fiscal 2016, which resulted in an increase in order intake for our industrial tool products. Our infrared products group, achieved an 80% increase in product bookings during fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015, partially due to an increase in bookings of commercial fire safety equipment.

We have been able to diversify our business by developing new applications for our products in markets such as digital imaging, laser tools, telecommunications, digital projectors, industrial equipment, weapon sights, and green lasers. Examples of these new applications are: 2D scanning, fiber laser delivery systems, disposable medical instruments and infrared sensor applications. Based on recent quote activity, we expect to show increases in revenue of our LVPMOs, HVPMOs, specialty products, and infrared products for fiscal 2017. 

Revenue Dollars and Units by Product Group:

The following table sets forth revenue dollars and units by our five product groups for the three and twelve month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

Overall, our global diversification strategies have resulted in revenue increasing 26% for fiscal 2016 as compared fiscal 2015, with growth in shipments for all of our product groups, with particularly strong growth in our HVPMO, infrared, and NRE product groups. Our specialty products group experienced a decrease in units sold during fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015, but the average selling price increased during fiscal 2016, as compared to fiscal 2015.

There was a 19% increase in the unit shipment volume of HVPMO lenses in fiscal 2016 compared to fiscal 2015 driven by the recovery in the Chinese construction industry due to increased stimulus by the Chinese government.

We also had significant growth in the infrared product group. Our infrared product group revenue increased 47% in fiscal 2016 as compared to fiscal 2015. The increase in revenue is primarily derived from sales to customers in the distribution, telecommunications and medical markets.

Finally, we experienced significant growth in our NRE product group. NRE revenue is project-based and increases or decreases based on customer requirements. We typically do not include NRE revenues in our projections due to being unable to control when our customers will have a project.

Inventory Levels:

We manage inventory levels to minimize investment in working capital but still have the flexibility to meet customer demand to a reasonable degree. We review our inventory for obsolete items quarterly. While the mix of inventory is an important factor, including adequate safety stocks of long lead-time materials, an important aggregate measure of inventory in all phases of production is the quarter’s ending inventory expressed as a number of days’ worth of the quarter’s cost of sales, also known as “days cost of sales in inventory,” or “DCSI.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending inventory by the quarter’s cost of goods sold, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DCSI measure equates to a lesser investment in inventory, and, therefore, more efficient use of capital. The table below shows our DCSI for the immediately preceding eight fiscal quarters:

Our average DCSI for fiscal 2016 was 163, compared to 165 for fiscal 2015. The decrease in DCSI from the previous fiscal year end is due to an increase in revenue offset by higher levels of finished inventory to support our 12-month backlog and our sales forecast.

Accounts Receivable Levels and Quality:

Similarly, we manage our accounts receivable to minimize investment in working capital. We measure the quality of receivables by the proportions of the total that are at various increments past due from our normally extended terms, which are generally 30 days. The most important aggregate measure of accounts receivable is the quarter’s ending balance of net accounts receivable expressed as a number of days’ worth of the quarter’s net revenues, also known as “days sales outstanding,” or “DSO.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending net accounts receivable by the quarter’s net revenues, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DSO measure equates to a lesser investment in accounts receivable, and therefore, more efficient use of capital. The table below shows our DSO for the preceding eight fiscal quarters:

Our average DSO for fiscal 2016 was 65 compared to 67 for fiscal 2015. The increased revenue lowered the DSO days as compared to the previous fiscal year. We strive to have a DSO no higher than 65.

Other Key Indicators:

Other key indicators include various operating metrics, some of which are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators such as on time delivery trends, units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line, and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully-yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost, and, therefore, improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. Management also assesses business performance and makes business decisions regarding our operations using certain non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures are described in more detail below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report our historical results in accordance with GAAP; however, our management also assesses business performance and makes business decisions regarding our operations using certain non-GAAP measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition and results of operations computed in accordance with GAAP; however, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP measures that other companies use.

Adjusted Net Income (Loss):

We calculate adjusted net income (loss) by excluding the change in the fair value of the June 2012 warrants from net income (loss). The fair value of the June 2012 warrants is re-measured each reporting period until the warrants are exercised or expire. Each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the June 2012 warrants is either recognized as non-cash expense or non-cash income. The change in the fair value of the June 2012 warrants is not impacted by our actual operations but is instead strongly tied to the change in the market value of our Class A common stock and the assumptions on when the warrant shares will be exercised. Management uses adjusted net income (loss) to evaluate our operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations, as the change in fair value of the June 2012 warrants are not tied directly to operating activities. We are focused on profitable growth and as such we monitor trends in adjusted net income. We believe the use of adjusted net income (loss) may be useful to investors as one means of evaluating our operational performance. The following table reconciles net income (loss) to adjusted net income (loss) for the three and twelve month period ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

Our adjusted net income for fiscal 2016 was approximately $1.47 million, as compared to adjusted net loss of approximately $251,000 for fiscal 2015. The difference in adjusted net income (loss) between the periods was principally caused by net income being recognized in fiscal 2016 versus a net loss in fiscal 2015. We also recognized lower non-cash expense as a result of the change in the fair value of the June 2012 warrant liability during fiscal 2016, as compared to the prior year period.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by management, lenders, and certain investors as a supplemental measure in the evaluation of some aspects of a corporation’s financial position and core operating performance. Investors sometimes use EBITDA as it allows for some level of comparability of profitability trends between those businesses differing as to capital structure and capital intensity by removing the impacts of depreciation and amortization. EBITDA also does not include changes in major working capital items such as receivables, inventory and payables, which can also indicate a significant need for, or source of, cash. Since decisions regarding capital investment and financing and changes in working capital components can have a significant impact on cash flow, EBITDA is not a good indicator of a business’s cash flows. We use EBITDA for evaluating the relative underlying performance of our core operations and for planning purposes. We calculate EBITDA by adjusting net income (loss) to exclude net interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, thus the term “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” and the acronym “EBITDA.”

We also calculate an adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the effect of the non-cash income or expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments, related to our June 2012 Warrants. The fair value of the June 2012 Warrants is re-measured each reporting period until the warrants are exercised or expire. Each reporting period, the change in the fair value of the June 2012 Warrants is either recognized as a non-cash expense or non-cash income. The change in the fair value of the June 2012 Warrants is not impacted by our actual operations but is instead strongly tied to the change in the market value of our common stock and the assumptions on when the warrant shares will be exercised. Management uses adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our underlying operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations. We believe this adjusted EBITDA is helpful for investors to better understand our underlying business operations. The following table reconciles EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) for the three and twelve month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015:

Our adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2016 was approximately $2.55 million, compared to approximately $320,000 for fiscal 2015. The difference in adjusted EBITDA between the periods was principally caused by higher revenue and profit margins achieved in fiscal 2016.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not engage in any activities involving variable interest entities or off balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting periods presented. Our critical estimates include the allowance for trade receivables which is made up of reserves for bad debts, inventory reserves for obsolescence, revenue recognition, valuation of compensation expense on stock-based awards and warrant valuation related to a private placement. Although we believe that these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates given a change in conditions or assumptions that have been consistently applied.

Management has discussed the selection of critical accounting policies and estimates with our board of directors (the “Board”), and the Board has reviewed our disclosure relating to critical accounting policies and estimates in this prospectus. The critical accounting policies used by management and the methodology for its estimates and assumptions are as follows:

Allowance for accounts receivable is calculated by taking 100% of the total of invoices that are over 90 days past due from due date and 10% of the total of invoices that are over 60 days past due from the due date for U.S. based accounts and 100% on invoices that are over 120 days past due for China based accounts without an agreed upon payment plan. Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. We perform continuing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. Recovery of bad debt amounts which were previously written off is recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense in the period the payment is collected. If our actual collection experience changes, revisions to our allowance may be required. After attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

Inventory obsolescence reserve is calculated by reserving 100% for items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years or which we have more than a two year supply. These items as identified are reserved at 100%, as well as reserving 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last twelve months and reserving 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months. The parts identified are adjusted for recent order and quote activity to determine the final inventory reserve.

Revenue is recognized from product sales when products are shipped to the customer, provided that we have received a valid purchase order, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of the associated receivable is reasonably assured, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as milestones as completed in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon shipment of products, reports or designs to the customer. Invoiced amounts for value-added taxes (VAT) related to sales are posted to the balance sheet and not included in revenue. Revenue recognized from equipment leasing is recognized over the lease term.

Stock based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Most options granted under the Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives. The volatility rate is based on four-year historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding options. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the consolidated financial statements and supplementary data set forth in “Item 15- Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules” of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As previously disclosed by us in a Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 5, 2015 with the SEC, on August 1, 2015, we were notified that effective August 1, 2015, the accounting practice of Cross, Fernandez & Riley LLP (“CFR”), our former independent public accountant, was combined with BDO USA, LLP (“BDO”), and, as a result, CFR’s professional employees and partners joined BDO either as employees or partners.  Accordingly, effective August 1, 2015, CFR resigned as our auditors and with the approval of the Audit Committee, BDO was engaged as our independent public accountant for the year ended June 30, 2015, in connection with the audit of our financial statements, and the review of our quarterly reports for fiscal 2016.

Prior to engaging BDO, we did not consult with BDO regarding (a) the application of accounting principles to a specific completed or contemplated transaction or regarding the type of audit opinions that might be rendered by BDO on our financial statements, and BDO did not provide any written or oral advice that was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any such accounting, auditing, or financing reporting issue, or (b) a disagreement or reportable event as described under Item 304(a)(2)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of CFR regarding our financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the years ended June 30, 2014 and 2015, and during the interim period from the end of the most recently completed fiscal year through August 1, 2015, the date of resignation, there were no (a) disagreements, as described under Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K, with CFR on any matter of accounting principles or disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of CFR would have caused it to make reference to such disagreement in its reports, or (b) reportable events, as described under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of members of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Our CEO and our CFO have concluded, based on their evaluation, that as of June 30, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the end of the fiscal year to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit with the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process, including policies and procedures, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Our management assessed our internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the results of this assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2016 based on such criteria.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met under all potential conditions, regardless of how remote, and may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within LightPath have been prevented or detected. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Auditor’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

In connection with our continued monitoring and maintenance of our controls procedures as part of the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we continue to review, test and improve the effectiveness of our internal controls. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter and since the year ended June 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

PART III

Each of our directors serves until his or her successor is elected and qualified. Currently, we have seven directors. The Class I directors’ term expires at the annual meeting of stockholders proposed to be held in fiscal 2017. The Class II directors’ term expires at the annual meeting of stockholders proposed to be held in fiscal 2019. The Class III directors’ term expires at the annual meeting of stockholders proposed to be held in fiscal 2018. Effective September 6, 2016, Xudong Zhu resigned as a director in order to devote more of his time to his other business interests.

The table below lists each director, each such director’s committee memberships, the chairman of each Board committee, and each such director’s class.

The following is an overview of the biographical information for each of our directors and officers, including their age, the year they became directors or officers, their principal occupations or employment for at least the past five years, and certain of their other directorships.

Executive Officers Who Do Not Serve as Directors

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our Class A common stock (referred to herein as the “Reporting Persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our Class A common stock. Except as set forth below, to the best of our knowledge, all Reporting Persons complied on a timely basis with all filing requirements applicable to them with respect to transactions during the period covered by this report. In making these statements, we have relied solely on our review of copies of the reports furnished to us, representations that no other reports were required and other knowledge relating to transactions involving Reporting Persons.

Berg & Berg Enterprises, LLC (“Berg”), one of our stockholders who beneficially owns more than 10% of our Class A common stock, recently advised us that it had not made any filings pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. During the period covered by this report, Berg failed to file three Form 4s that relate to transactions occurring over the span of 14 days, in addition to the initial Form 3, which should have been filed outside the period covered by this report.

Code of Ethics

The Board approved an amended and restated Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on April 28, 2016 (the “Code”). The Code applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. The Board also approved an amended and restated Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Senior Financial Officers (the “Senior Financial Officer Code”), which applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, principal accounting officer, controller, accounting manager, and persons performing similar functions. Copies of the Code and the Senior Financial Officer Code are available on our website at www.lightpath.com or may be obtained free of charge by writing to: Secretary, LightPath Technologies, Inc., 2603 Challenger Tech Court, Suite 100, Orlando, Florida 32826.

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

The Audit Committee, which consists of Dr. Steven Brueck, M. Scott Faris, Craig Dunham, and Louis Leeburg (Chairman), met six times during fiscal 2016. The meetings included discussions with management and with our independent auditors to discuss our interim and annual financial statements and our annual report, and the effectiveness of our financial and accounting functions and organization. The Audit Committee acts pursuant to a written charter adopted by the Board, a copy of which is available on our website at www.lightpath.com. The Audit Committee’s responsibilities include, among others, direct responsibility for the engagement and termination of our independent accountants, and overseeing the work of the accountants and determining the compensation for their engagement(s). The Board has determined that the Audit Committee is comprised entirely of independent members as defined under applicable listing standards set out by the SEC and the NCM. The Board has also determined that at least one member of the Audit Committee, Mr. Leeburg, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by SEC rules and qualifies as independent in accordance with the NCM rules. Mr. Leeburg’s business experience that qualifies him to be determined an “audit committee financial expert” is described above.

Summary Compensation Table for Named Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to (i) our Chief Executive Officer and (ii) our two other most highly compensated executive officers serving as executive officers at the end of fiscal 2016, which includes our Chief Financial Officer. We did not have any individuals for whom disclosure would have been required but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer as of the end of fiscal 2016.

Notes:

Discussion of Summary Compensation Table of Named Executive Officers

The following is a discussion of the material information that we believe is necessary to understand the information disclosed in the foregoing Summary Compensation Table.

The Compensation Committee has several objectives in establishing our executive officers’ compensation. Overall, our compensation structure is intended to (i) be competitive to ensure that we can attract and retain high quality executive officers; and (ii) more closely align the interests of our executive officers with the interests of our stockholders by making it based in part on achievement of performance goals.

Fiscal 2016 Incentive Bonus Program.

Our fiscal 2016 incentive bonus program was comprised of two types of awards: (i) awards based on the achievement of specific fiscal year financial objectives of the Company (the “Corporate Performance Award”) and (ii) discretionary awards based on achievement of subjective larger corporate goals (the “Discretionary Performance Award”).

Our incentive bonus program includes different levels of bonus opportunity based on a participant’s position with the Company. For fiscal 2016, Mr. Gaynor was the “level one” participant and Ms. Cipolla and Mr. Symmons were the “level two” participants. Bonus opportunities for level one and level two participants for fiscal 2016 were calculated by applying designated portions of their respective annual base salary amounts to formulas for the Discretionary Performance Award and each of the four components of the Corporate Performance Award.

For fiscal 2016, 75% of Mr. Gaynor’s base salary amount was used to calculate his Corporate Performance Award and 25% of his base salary amount was used to calculate his Discretionary Performance Award. For fiscal 2016, 37.5% of Ms. Cipolla’s and Mr. Symmons’ respective base salary amounts were used to calculate their respective Corporate Performance Awards and 12.5% of their respective base salary amounts were used to calculate their respective Discretionary Performance Awards.

Corporate Performance Awards

In order to determine a participant’s Corporate Performance Award, the portion of such participant’s annual base salary applicable to the Corporate Performance Award calculation (75% in the case of Mr. Gaynor and 37.5% in the case of Ms. Cipolla and Mr. Symmons), was divided by four and the quotient was used as a baseline for determining the bonus for each component of the Corporate Performance Award (for each component, the “Corporate Baseline”). The Corporate Baseline is $52,500, $17,813, and $18,750 for Mr. Gaynor, Ms. Cipolla, and Mr. Symmons, respectively.

Our fiscal 2016 corporate financial objectives upon which the Corporate Performance Awards were based were as follows: (i) revenue growth over that of the prior fiscal year (the “Revenue Component”); (ii) strategic revenue growth (which is based upon the revenues generated by certain product lines and customers specified by the Compensation Committee at the time that the incentive bonus program was established for fiscal 2016) over that of the prior fiscal year (the “Strategic Revenue Component”); (iii) adjusted EBITDA (which is earnings before income, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, as adjusted to exclude the effect of the non-cash income or expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments related to our June 2012 warrants) (the “Adjusted EBITDA Component”); and (iv) return on assets (adjusted to exclude the effect or the non-cash income or expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments related to our June 2012 warrants) (the “ROA Component”). Each component of the Corporate Performance Award is evaluated independently of the other components, and the Discretionary Performance Award is evaluated independently of the Corporate Performance Award.

Revenue Component

If our total revenue in fiscal 2016 exceeded our total revenue in fiscal 2015, our named executive officers would be entitled to a bonus award under the Revenue Component equal to such officer’s Corporate Baseline multiplied by the sum of (i) 100% plus (ii) the percentage that actual revenue for fiscal 2016 exceeded the actual revenue for fiscal 2015.

Our total revenue in fiscal 2016 was 26.43% higher than that for fiscal 2015. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s Revenue Component bonus (Corporate Baseline x 126.43%), Mr. Gaynor earned $66,375, Ms. Cipolla earned $22,520, and Mr. Symmons earned $23,706.

Strategic Revenue Component

If our total strategic revenue in fiscal 2016 exceeded our total strategic revenue for fiscal 2015, our named executive officers would be entitled to a bonus award under the Strategic Revenue Component equal to such officer’s Corporate Baseline multiplied by the sum of (i) 100% plus (ii) the percentage that actual strategic revenue for fiscal 2016 exceeded the actual strategic revenue for fiscal 2015, up to a maximum growth rate of 50%.

Our strategic revenue in fiscal 2016 was 93% higher than that for fiscal 2015. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s Strategic Revenue Component bonus (Corporate Baseline x 150%), Mr. Gaynor earned $78,750, Ms. Cipolla earned $26,719, and Mr. Symmons earned $28,125.

Adjusted EBITDA Component

In order for our named executive officers to earn a bonus with respect to the Adjusted EBITDA Component, we had to meet or exceed a minimum adjusted EBITDA margin target established by the Compensation Committee for fiscal 2016. The adjusted EBITDA margin was calculated by dividing the fiscal 2016 adjusted EBITDA by the fiscal 2016 revenues and the target was set at 15% for fiscal 2016. If our adjusted EBITDA margin for fiscal 2016 equaled or exceeded the target, then each named executive officer earned a bonus equal to such officer’s Corporate Baseline multiplied by the sum of (i) 100% plus (ii) the percentage that our adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2016 exceeded our adjusted EBITDA for fiscal 2015, up to a maximum growth rate of 50%. If we did not achieve at least the adjusted EBITDA margin target, or if there was no growth year-over-year in adjusted EBITDA, our officers would not earn a bonus with respect to the Adjusted EBITDA Component.

Our actual adjusted EBITDA margin for fiscal 2016 equaled 15%, which satisfied the adjusted EBITDA margin target requirement. For fiscal 2016, our adjusted EBITDA was 772% higher than that for fiscal 2015. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s Adjusted EBITDA Component bonus (Corporate Baseline x 150%), Mr. Gaynor earned $78,750, Ms. Cipolla earned $26,719, and Mr. Symmons earned $28,125.

ROA Component

The ROA Component was based on achieving a return on assets target of at least 15% for fiscal 2016. If our return on assets for fiscal 2016 equaled or exceeded the target, then the named executive officers would be entitled to a bonus award under the ROA Component equal to such officer’s Corporate Baseline multiplied by 100%.

For fiscal 2016, our actual return on assets rate equaled 15% which met the target. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s ROA Component bonus (Corporate Baseline x 100%), Mr. Gaynor earned $52,500, Ms. Cipolla earned $17,813, and Mr. Symmons earned $18,750.

The following table sets forth (i) each named executive officer’s base salary for fiscal 2016, (ii) the percentage of base salary, and the corresponding Corporate Baseline dollar amount, used in the calculation of the Corporate Performance Award bonus, and (iii) the amount earned for each component of the Corporate Performance Award:

Discretionary Performance Awards

In order to determine a participant’s Discretionary Performance Award, the portion of such participant’s annual base salary applicable to the Discretionary Performance Award calculation (25% in the case of Mr. Gaynor and 12.5% in the case of Ms. Cipolla and Mr. Symmons), was used as a baseline for determining the bonus opportunity for the Discretionary Performance Award (the “Discretionary Baseline”). The Discretionary Baseline is $70,000, $47,500 and $50,000 or Mr. Gaynor, Ms. Cipolla, and Mr. Symmons, respectively.

The Discretionary Performance Awards are discretionary awards made by our Compensation Committee that are based on achievement of certain corporate goals set by the Compensation Committee for fiscal 2016. At the end of fiscal 2016, our Chief Executive Officer provided an executive summary to the Compensation Committee, which summarized our achievements with respect to each such corporate goal. The Compensation Committee determined whether the corporate goals were met and whether Discretionary Performance Awards would be made.

For fiscal 2016, the corporate goals included: (i) the execution of our plan to increase infrared capacity and reduce our costs with respect to our infrared lenses, (ii) the expansion, improvement, and reorganization our sales and marketing organization, (iii) increased investor awareness, and (iv) the identification of potential acquisition growth targets.

After reviewing our Chief Executive Officer’s executive summary, the Compensation Committee determined that for fiscal 2016, each named executive officer met the corporate goals established with respect to the Discretionary Performance Award. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s Discretionary Performance Award bonus (Discretionary Baseline x 100%, if the goals are met), each named executive officer earned a Discretionary Performance Award as follows:

Payment of Awards

Corporate Performance Awards are paid 50% in cash and 50% in stock options; however, the Compensation Committee retains the discretion to adjust the percentage of the Corporate Performance Award paid in cash and stock options prior to payment.

The Discretionary Performance Awards are stock option grants, which vest in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, and have an exercise price equal to the closing stock price on the day before the grant date plus a premium of 15%. The dollar amount of the award will be divided by the Black-Scholes-Merton value per share to determine the number of stock options to be issued.

2015 Incentive Bonus Program

Our fiscal 2015 incentive bonus program was solely comprised of awards based on the achievement of specific corporate fiscal year financial objectives (the “2015 Performance Award”).

The fiscal 2015 incentive bonus program included different levels of bonus opportunity based on a participant’s position with the Company. For fiscal 2015, Mr. Gaynor was the sole “level one” participant and Ms. Cipolla and Mr. Symmons were the “level two” participants. Bonus opportunities for level one and level two participants for fiscal 2015 were calculated by applying designated portions of their respective annual base salary amounts (the “Potential Baseline”) to formulas for the 2015 Performance Award. For fiscal 2015, 100% of Mr. Gaynor’s base salary was used to calculate his 2015 Performance Award. For fiscal 2015, 75% of Ms. Cipolla’s and Mr. Symmons’ respective base salary amounts were used to calculate their respective 2015 Performance Awards. Accordingly, the Potential Baseline was $280,000, $142,500, and $150,000 for Mr. Gaynor, Ms. Cipolla, and Mr. Symmons, respectively.

The 2015 Performance Awards were based on three performance goals specified by the Compensation Committee at the time the bonus program was established for fiscal 2015: (i) revenues, (ii) gross margin, and (iii) EBITDA.

The maximum 2015 Performance Award bonus opportunity was based on the revenue performance goal, varying from a potential bonus opportunity of 25% of the Potential Baseline, if we had revenues equal to $12.2 million, to a potential bonus opportunity of 100% of the Potential Baseline, if we had revenues equal to or exceed $13.5 million. Our revenues in fiscal 2015 were approximately $13.7 million, and, therefore the revenue performance goal was met at 100%. Accordingly, each named executive officer’s maximum 2015 Performance Award bonus opportunity was equal to 100% their respective Potential Baselines (the “2015 Baseline”). The 2015 Baseline was $280,000, $142,500, and $150,000 for Mr. Gaynor, Ms. Cipolla, and Mr. Symmons, respectively.

The portion of the 2015 Baseline earned was determined by the achievement of certain gross margin and EBITDA performance goals, with each performance goal tied to 50% of the 2015 Baseline. The gross margin component was based on achieving a gross margin percentage of 44%. If our gross margin percentage was below the target, then no amount was earned. If our gross margin percentage for fiscal 2015 equaled or exceeded the target, then the named executive officers earned a bonus equal to such officer’s 2015 Baseline multiplied by 50%. For fiscal 2015, our actual gross margin percentage equaled 44%. Accordingly, under the formula used to calculate each named executive officer’s gross margin component (2015 Baseline x 50%), Mr. Gaynor earned $140,000, Ms. Cipolla earned $71,250, and Mr. Symmons earned $75,000.

The EBITDA component was based on achieving EBITDA of $950,000. If EBITDA was below the target, then no amount was earned. If EBITDA for fiscal 2015 equaled or exceeded the target, then the named executive officers earned a bonus equal to such officer’s 2015 Baseline multiplied by 50%. For fiscal 2015, our actual EBITDA equaled ($144,272). Accordingly, we did not meet the EBITDA goal.

The following table sets forth (i) each named executive officer’s base salary for fiscal 2015, (ii) the percentage of base salary, and the corresponding dollar amount used in the calculation of the 2015 Performance Award bonus, (iii) the 2015 Baseline and (iv) the amount earned with respect to the gross margin component and the EBITDA component:

Payments of Awards

The 2015 Performance Awards were paid 50% in cash and 50% in stock options. The Compensation Committee retained the discretion to adjust the percentage of the 2015 Performance Award paid in cash and stock options prior to payment; however, the Compensation Committee did not exercise such discretion.

The stock options vested immediately upon issuance. The exercise price equaled the closing stock price on the day before the grant date. The dollar amount of the award was divided by the Black-Scholes-Merton value per share to determine the number of stock options that were issued.

Additional details regarding the stock options granted to each named executive officer is set forth below.

J. James Gaynor

Dorothy Cipolla

Alan Symmons