Limbach Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

Commission File Number 001-36541

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1-412-359-2100

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer    ¨    Accelerated filer   ¨     Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ¨

Smaller reporting company    x Emerging growth company    x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨   No  x

As of November 13, 2017, there were 7,455,298 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I

Item 1. Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

(Successor)

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

During the Successor period for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and the period July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016, the Company recorded redeemable convertible preferred stock dividends totaling $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
 

Note 1 — Organization and Plan of Business Operations

Limbach Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “Successor”), formerly known as 1347 Capital Corp. (“1347 Capital”), is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Limbach Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Limbach Holdings LLC (“LHLLC”), Limbach Facility Services LLC, Limbach Company LLC, Limbach Company LP, Harper Limbach LLC and Harper Limbach Construction LLC.

The Company was originally incorporated as a special purpose acquisition company, formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, equity interest exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On July 20, 2016, the Company consummated a business combination (“Business Combination”) with LHLLC pursuant to the agreement and plan of merger dated as of March 23, 2016, by and among 1347 Capital Corp. (now Limbach Holdings, Inc.), LHLLC and FdG HVAC LLC (“FdG”), as stockholders’ representative (the “Merger Agreement”). In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from 1347 Capital Corp. to Limbach Holdings, Inc. See Note 4 – Business Combination for further discussion.

We operate our business in two segments, (i) Construction, in which we generally manage large construction or renovation projects that involve primarily HVAC, plumbing and electrical services, and (ii) Service, in which we provide maintenance or service primarily on HVAC, plumbing or electrical systems. This work is primarily performed under fixed price, modified fixed price, and time and material contracts over periods of typically less than two years. The Company's customers operate in several different industries, including healthcare, education, government, commercial, manufacturing, entertainment, and leisure. The Company operates primarily in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and Southwestern regions of the United States.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Condensed Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X for smaller reporting companies. Consequently, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Readers of this report should refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  

Predecessor and Successor Financial Statements

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and certain note presentations separate the Company’s presentations into two distinct periods, the period up to and including the Business Combination closing date (labeled “Predecessor”) and the period after that date (labeled “Successor”), to indicate the application of different bases of accounting between the periods presented. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include a black line division which indicates that the Predecessor and Successor reporting entities shown are not comparable. The period presented from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017, July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 and at December 31, 2016 are the “Successor” periods. The period presented from January 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 is the “Predecessor” period.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods presented are unaudited. Also, within the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we have included unaudited information for these interim periods. These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, and its results of operations and its cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The Successor Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements, but is presented as condensed and does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.

Revenues and Cost Recognition

Revenues from fixed price and modified fixed price contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the relationship of total cost incurred to total estimated contract costs (cost-to-cost method). Revenues from time and materials contracts are recognized as services are performed. Contract revenue for long-term construction contracts is based upon management's estimate of contract values at completion, including revenue for additional work on which the contract value has not been finalized (claims and unapproved change orders) but is considered probable. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to estimated costs and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized in the period in which such losses are determined.

Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized in the period in which such losses are determined.  One of our operating locations recorded revisions in its contract estimates for two projects resulting in gross profit write downs totaling $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $3.1 million for the first nine months of 2017. One of our other operating locations recorded a revision in contract estimate on a project resulting in a gross profit write down of $0.5 million for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017. The Company is evaluating potential recovery options for some of the write downs recognized in the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017, but is not currently in a position to recognize any potential recoveries in its financial statements. Another of our operating locations recorded revisions in its contract estimates on a project resulting in gross profit write ups totaling $0.9 million and $1.8 million for the respective three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017.

Contract costs include direct labor, material, and subcontractor costs, and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs, depreciation, and insurance. Total estimated contract costs are based upon management's current estimate of total costs at completion.

The Company recognizes revenues from its service segment contracts as these services are performed. There are two basic types of service contracts: fixed price service contracts which are signed in advance for maintenance, repair, and retrofit work over a period of typically one year, and service contracts not signed in advance for similar maintenance, repair, and retrofit work performed on an as-needed basis. Fixed price service contracts are generally performed evenly over the contract period, and accordingly, revenue is recognized on a pro rata basis over the life of the contract. Revenues derived from other service contracts are recognized when the services are performed. Expenses related to all service contracts are recognized as services are provided.

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets arise when revenues have been recognized but the amounts cannot be billed under the terms of the contracts. Also included in costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are amounts the Company seeks or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders in dispute or unapproved as to scope and price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Such amounts are recorded at estimated net realizable value when realization is probable and can be reasonably estimated. No profit is recognized on the construction costs incurred in connection with claim amounts. Claims and unapproved change orders made by the Company may involve negotiation and, in rare cases, litigation. Claims and unapproved change orders involve the use of estimates, and it is reasonably possible that revisions to the estimated recoverable amounts of recorded claims and unapproved change orders may be made in the near term. Claims against the Company are recognized when a loss is considered probable and amounts are reasonably determinable. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts represent billings in excess of revenues recognized.

In accordance with industry practice, we classify as current all assets and liabilities relating to the performance of contracts. The terms of our contracts generally range from six months to two years.

Selling, general, and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Bidding and proposal costs are also recognized as an expense in the period in which such amounts are incurred.

Note 3 – Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The effective dates shown in the following pronouncements are private company effective dates, based upon the Company’s election to conform to private company effective dates based on the relief provided to Emerging Growth Companies (“EGC”) under the JOBS Act. 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers—Topic 606,” which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in FASB Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 605. The new guidance established principles for reporting revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. This new revenue recognition standard will replace all of the recognition guidance within GAAP. This guidance was deferred by ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, issued by the FASB in August 2015, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 from annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 to annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations, which further clarifies the implementation guidance in ASU 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, to expand the guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing within ASU 2014-09. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, Revenues from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which amends the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. The amendments are intended to address implementation issues that were raised by stakeholders and provide additional practical expedients to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the new revenue standard. The guidance can be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis whereby the entity records a cumulative effect of initially applying this update at the date of initial application. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” intended to clarify the codification or to correct unintended application of the guidance which clarifies the definition of loan guarantee fees, what should be considered in contract costs impairment testing, a requirement that provisions for losses on construction-type and production-type contracts be determined at the least at the contract level, exclusion of insurance contracts from scope, specific disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations, disclosure of prior-period performance obligations and gives an example of contract modifications. These standards are required to be implemented by the Company for its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. Since the Company has not yet commenced its analysis of the new revenue recognition standard or selected the basis on which it will be applied, we cannot estimate the impact of its adoption on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Beginning in the third quarter of 2017, we initiated a request for proposal to identify a firm to assist the Company in evaluating the impact of the new pronouncement on our contracts. The Company expects to select a firm to provide this assistance during the fourth quarter of 2017. During the first quarter of 2018, we expect to commence our assessment of the new standard, which will include a review of our various types of revenue arrangements, consideration of our existing accounting policies and an evaluation of the effects of the new disclosure requirements on our business processes, controls and systems.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” ASU 2016-02 provides an approach for classifying leases as either finance leases or operating leases. For either classification, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability will be required to be recognized, unless the term of the lease is one year or less. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective approach which includes optional practical expedients. It is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Earlier application is permitted. The Company has not yet commenced its analysis of this standard and therefore cannot estimate the impact of its adoption on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” to simplify accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company early adopted this standard during the quarter ended September 30, 2017, and accordingly, followed such guidance when accounting for the stock-based compensation awards which were granted by the Company during the quarter ended September 30, 2017. The adoption of this standard had no other impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” to address diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company early adopted this standard during the quarter ended September 30, 2017, and accordingly, followed such guidance when accounting for the stock-based compensation awards which were granted by the Company during the quarter ended September 30, 2017. The adoption of this standard had no other impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash” to address diversity in practice in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the year that includes that interim period. The Company is currently evaluating this standard to determine the impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments require further consideration of inputs, substantive processes and outputs to determine whether the transaction is an acquisition of a business. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments in this update are to be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating this standard to determine the impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Also, in January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-03, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments–Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323)” which applies to ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2016-02 and provides an SEC staff view that a Company must evaluate ASUs not yet adopted to determine the appropriate financial statement disclosures about the potential material impacts of those ASUs on the financial statements when adopted in a future period according to Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 11.M. If the Company does not know or cannot reasonably estimate the impact that adoption of the ASU is expected to have on the financial statements, a statement should be made to that effect and additional qualitative financial statement disclosures should be made to assist the financial statement reader in assessing the significance of the impact that the standard will have on the financial statements when adopted. This guidance was effective upon issuance and has been adopted.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” to address the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test which resulted in the elimination of Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measured a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Rather, the Company would be required to do its annual and interim goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Income tax effects measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable, from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount on the reporting unit should also be considered. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The amendments in this Update are to be applied on a prospective basis along with a disclosure of the nature and reason for the change in accounting principle upon initial adoption. The Company is currently evaluating this standard to determine the impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 4 – Business Combination

On July 20, 2016, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company merged with and into LHLLC in a transaction accounted for as a business combination. Following this transaction, 1347 Capital changed its name to Limbach Holdings, Inc.

LHLLC’s equity holders and option holders received consideration comprised of (a) $32.4 million in cash, (b) 2,200,005 shares of Company common stock with a fair value of $17.5 million, (c) 666,670 merger warrants, each exercisable for one share of Company common stock at an exercise price of $12.50 per share with a fair value of $0.5 million, and (d) 1,000,006 additional warrants, each exercisable for one share of Company common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share, with a fair value of $0.6 million. Certain of the shares and warrants are subject to lockup agreements and securities law restrictions. Total cash paid, including the additional share-based compensation, was $33.0 million.

As part of the consideration in the Business Combination, the Company issued shares of common stock to LHLLC’s equity holders pursuant to an effective registration statement and Merger Warrants (as defined below) and Additional Merger Warrants (as defined below) pursuant to a private placement under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). Securities Act restrictions on the resale of such securities constitute a security-specific restriction under fair value guidance; therefore, a price adjustment to the fair value is appropriate for affiliates of the Company who own in excess of 10% of the outstanding securities. Fair value determinations for the securities used as consideration are valued at market prices, unless they have a security-specific restriction. Fair value determination for securities with security-specific restrictions under federal securities laws incorporate a price adjustment to the market price.

The final valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were: 

Direct transaction-related costs consisted of costs incurred in connection with the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination. These costs, totaling $0.1 million for the period from July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor), are reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses in the respective Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. 1347 Capital also incurred transaction costs of $5.9 million independently prior to the Business Combination, and since 1347 Capital is not consolidated with the Predecessor (see Note 2 – Basis of Presentation), those costs are not reflected in the Predecessor financial statements, but are disclosed herein.

Additional costs consisting of stock option and other compensation-related expenses were recorded in connection with the Business Combination. These costs, totaling $0.6 million for the period from July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor), and $1.5 million for the period July 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor), are reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses in the respective Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This Predecessor amount reflects compensation expense associated with stock options which became fully vested and exercisable in connection with the Business Combination.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company as though the Business Combination had occurred on January 1, 2015:

The pro forma financial information does not include any costs related to the Business Combination. In addition, the pro forma financial information does not assume any impacts from revenue, cost or other operating synergies that could be generated as a result of the Business Combination. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s results would have been had the Business Combination been consummated on such dates or project results of operations for any future period.

The following pro forma adjustments were incorporated into the presentation:

Note 5 – Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable and the allowance for uncollectible accounts are comprised of the following:

Note 6 – Contracts in Progress

Accounts payable includes retainage due to subcontractors totaling $9.9 million and $8.9 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company has asserted claims and may have unapproved change orders on certain construction projects. These occur typically as a result of scope changes and project delays. Management evaluates these items and estimates the recoverable amounts. If significant, these recoverability estimates are evaluated to determine the net realizable value. If additional amounts are recovered, additional contract revenue would be recognized. 

Note 7 – Intangibles

Goodwill was $10.5 million at September 30, 2017 (Successor) and December 31, 2016 (Successor). There has been no change in the carrying amount of the trade name since December 31, 2016 (Successor). 

Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are comprised of the following:  

Total amortization expense for these amortizable intangible assets was $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (Successor) and $1.5 million for the period July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor). There were no intangible assets in the Predecessor period, and accordingly, there was no amortization expense. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (Successor) or for the period July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor).

Note 8 – Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following obligations as of:

Successor

Credit Agreement

In conjunction with the completion of the Business Combination, all amounts outstanding under LHLLC’s prior senior credit facility were paid in full and a subsidiary of the Company, Limbach Facility Services LLC (“LFS”), entered into a new senior credit facility with multiple lenders (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement consists of a $25.0 million revolving line of credit and a $24.0 million term loan, both with a maturity date of July 20, 2021. It is collateralized by substantially all assets of LFS and its subsidiaries. Principal payments of $750,000 on the term loan are due quarterly commencing with the calendar quarter ended September 30, 2016, and ending with the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2018. Principal payments of $900,000 are due at the end of subsequent quarters through maturity of the loan, with any remaining amounts due at maturity. During June 2017, the Company voluntarily made an additional principal payment of $1,865,000 on its term loan. Outstanding borrowings on both the term loan and the revolving line of credit bear interest at either the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or LIBOR (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus the applicable additional margin, payable monthly. At September 30, 2017, the interest rate in effect on the term loan was 4.77% and 6.75% on the revolver.

The Credit Agreement includes restrictions on, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions, redeem or purchase capital stock, make investments and loans and enter into certain transactions, including selling assets, engaging in mergers or acquisitions and entering into transactions with affiliates.

The Credit Agreement requires that the Company comply with certain financial performance covenants including total leverage, senior leverage, fixed charges and tangible net worth. As of September 30, 2017, the Company was not in compliance with the senior leverage covenant under the Credit Agreement. The lender has waived its call right arising from the noncompliance as of September 30, 2017, while reserving its rights with respect to covenant compliance in future quarters. The Company believes that it will be in compliance with this covenant in future quarters. As a result of having obtained a waiver, management estimates no impact of this covenant violation on the Company’s financial condition and liquidity.

Mandatory prepayments are required upon the occurrence of certain events, including, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, equity issuances, changes of control of the Company, certain debt issuances, assets sales and excess cash flow. Effective January 1, 2017, the Company was required to remit an amount equal to 50% of its excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement), which percentage will be reduced based on the Senior Leverage Ratio (as defined therein). The Company may voluntarily prepay the loans at any time subject to the limitations set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The equity interests of the Company’s subsidiaries have been pledged as security for the obligations under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, including, among other items, payment defaults, cross-defaults to other indebtedness, a change of control default and events of default with respect to certain material agreements. Additionally, with respect to the Company, an event of default occurs if the Company’s securities cease to be registered with the SEC pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In case of an event of default, the administrative agent would be entitled to, among other things, accelerated payment of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, foreclose on the equity of the Company’s subsidiaries, and exercise all rights of a secured creditor on behalf of the lenders.

The additional margin applied to both the revolver and term loan is determined based on levels achieved under the Company’s Senior Leverage Ratio covenant, which reflects the ratio of indebtedness divided by EBITDA for the most recently ended four quarters.

The following is a summary of the additional margin and commitment fees payable on the available revolving credit commitment:

The Company had $8.5 million of availability under its revolving credit facility at September 30, 2017.

Subordinated Debt

In conjunction with the completion of the Business Combination, the Company’s prior subordinated debt was paid in full and LFS entered into a new subordinated debt agreement. The new subordinated debt agreement consisted of a $13.0 million loan with a maturity date of July 20, 2022 (the “Subordinated Loan”). Principal payments were not required prior to maturity. Outstanding borrowings bore interest at 16.0%, with 13.0% payable quarterly in cash, and the Company had the option either to pay the remaining 3.0% in cash or have it deferred and capitalized into the Subordinated Loan balance.  On December 21, 2016, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under the Subordinated Loan Agreement in full settlement thereof, including deferred interest and prepayment penalties, totaling $15.3 million, with the proceeds of the Company’s public offering of 1,405,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $13.50 per share. 

Predecessor

Senior Credit Facility

The Predecessor had a senior credit facility with a single lender. The revolving credit facility permitted borrowings up to $30.0 million. In January 2016, the credit facility was increased to $35.0 million and the maturity date was extended to May 2018. It was collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets except for real property. The credit facility contained certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, required the Company to maintain certain financial ratios. The credit facility also contained cross-default provisions related to the subordinated debt facility and the underwriting agreement with the Company’s surety. In January 2016, the term loan was converted into a “draw term” loan facility and the amount of the facility was increased to $7.5 million, of which $5.5 million was available to be drawn in increments not to exceed $2.0 million.

A commitment fee was payable on the average daily unused amount of the senior credit facility. The fee was 0.4% of the unused amount.

Note 9 – Equity

The Company’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently authorizes the issuance of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001. Prior to the Business Combination, there were 5,948,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

In connection with its initial public offering in July 2014, the Company sold 4,798,000 units comprised of one common share, one warrant, and one right to automatically obtain one-tenth of a common share upon the consummation of a business combination. At the time of the Business Combination, these 4,798,000 outstanding rights were automatically converted into 479,800 common shares.

On December 21, 2016, the Company closed on its public offering of 1,780,500 shares of common stock of the Company at a price to the public of $13.50 per share, for gross proceeds of $22.8 million. The Company sold 1,405,500 shares, including 153,907 shares pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, and a selling stockholder sold 375,000 shares. The net proceeds to the Company from this sale of shares, after deducting the underwriting discounts and other offering expenses, was approximately $17.2 million.

At September 30, 2017, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for 4,664,901 shares of common stock, consisting of: (i) 4,600,000 Public Warrants; (ii) 198,000 warrants, each exercisable for one-half of one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share) (“Sponsor Warrants”); (iii) 600,000 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share (“$15 Exercise Price Warrants”); (iv) 666,360 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $12.50 per share (“Merger Warrants”); and (v) 999,541 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (“Additional Merger Warrants”). At December 31, 2016, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for 4,665,676 shares of common stock.

The Public Warrants, Sponsor Warrants and $15 Exercise Price Warrants were issued under a warrant agreement dated July 15, 2014, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and us. The Merger Warrants and Additional Merger Warrants were issued to the sellers of LHLLC.

On July 21, 2014, a total of 300,000 Unit Purchase Options (“UPOs”) were issued by 1347 Capital to a representative of the underwriter and its designees. In December 2016, the Company issued 121,173 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of 282,900 of these UPOs. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, a total of 17,100 UPOs were outstanding and will be exercisable, either for cash or on a cashless basis, through July 21, 2019.

On May 2, 2017, the Company issued 111 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of 310 Merger Warrants and 465 Additional Merger Warrants.

On August 30, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company granted an aggregate of 374,433 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under the Limbach Holdings, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan to certain executive officers, non-executive employees and non-employee directors of the Company in the forms of an inaugural RSU award to executives (the “Inaugural RSU Award”), an annual long-term incentive RSU award (the “LTI RSU Award”), and an RSU award to non-employee directors (“Director RSU Award”). A total of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized and reserved for issuance under this plan. The Inaugural RSU Awards contain two different grants--one service-based and one performance-based, while the LTI RSU Awards and Director RSU Awards each only include service-based grants. As a result, the Company recognized $924 thousand in stock-based compensation as selling, general and administrative expenses in its Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense totaling $3.1 million associated with the RSUs is expected to be recognized through December 31, 2019. The Board has also approved 66,500 performance-based RSUs under the LTI RSU Award; however, a grant date has not yet been established because the underlying performance measures have not yet been determined and communicated to the awardees.

Note 10 – Cumulative Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock 

The Company’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by its board of directors. In connection with the Business Combination, the Company issued 400,000 shares of Class A preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) on July 20, 2016. Each share of Preferred Stock may be converted (at the holder’s election) into 2.00 shares of the Company’s common stock (as may be adjusted for any stock splits, reverse stock splits or similar transactions), representing a conversion price of $12.50 per share; provided, that such conversion is in compliance with NASDAQ’s listing requirements. The Preferred Stock ranks senior to all classes and series of outstanding capital stock. The Company has agreed to not issue any other shares of capital stock that rank senior or pari passu to the Preferred Stock while the Preferred Stock is outstanding, unless at least 30% of the proceeds from such issuance are used to redeem Preferred Stock. The holders of the Preferred Stock will, in priority to any other class or series of capital stock, be entitled to receive, as and when declared by the board of directors fixed, cumulative, preferential dividends at a rate of: (i) 8% per annum in years one through three from issuance; (ii) 10% per annum in years four through five from issuance; and (iii) 12% per annum thereafter, payable in equal quarterly installments. Dividends on outstanding Preferred Stock will accrue from day to day from the date of issuance of the Preferred Stock. No dividends may be made in excess of the accrued and unpaid preferred yield in respect of the Preferred Stock.

So long as the Preferred Stock is outstanding, the Company is restricted from repurchasing, redeeming or retiring any shares of its capital stock other than the Preferred Stock. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of the Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive $25.00 per share of Preferred Stock, plus accrued but unpaid dividends thereon, whether declared or not, before any amount is paid or any assets are distributed to holders of junior capital stock. After payment to the holders of Preferred Stock of the liquidation amounts, such holders shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution payment in respect of the assets of the Company. The Company will redeem all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock on the six-year anniversary from the date of issuance for the price of $25.00 per share of Preferred Stock (as may be adjusted for any stock splits, reverse stock splits or similar transactions), plus accrued but unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not declared, up to and including the date specified for redemption. The holders are not entitled to vote.

On July 14, 2017, the Company entered into a preferred stock repurchase agreement (the “Preferred Stock Repurchase Agreement”) with 1347 Investors LLC (“1347 Investors”) pursuant to which (a) the Company repurchased from 1347 Investors a total of 120,000 shares of the Preferred Stock for an aggregate sum of $4,092,153 in cash, (b) for a period of six months after such repurchase, the Company will have the right to repurchase from 1347 Investors, in one or more transactions, all or a portion of the remaining 280,000 shares of Preferred Stock owned by 1347 Investors for a purchase price equal to 130% of the liquidation value per share plus 130% of any and all accrued but unpaid dividends thereon as of the date of closing of the purchase of such shares and (c) 1347 Investors will not, with respect to the 509,500 shares of common stock held in escrow pursuant to its current lock-up arrangement that expired on July 20, 2017, sell or otherwise transfer such shares of common stock during the period from such expiration through October 20, 2017.

This repurchase was funded through permitted borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and closed on July 14, 2017. The Company has retired the repurchased shares.

Through June 30, 2017, dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock were reflected as an increase to accumulated deficit. During the third quarter 2017, a reclassification of approximately $905 thousand was made to reflect cumulative dividends as a decrease to additional paid-in capital given the Company's accumulated deficit position. There is no impact to historically reported net income, earnings per share or its statement of cash flows.

Note 11 - Fair Value Measurements

Accounting guidance defines fair value as the exit price associated with the sale of an asset or transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under this guidance, valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. In addition, this guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The Company classifies and discloses assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable consist primarily of instruments without extended maturities, which approximate fair value primarily due to their short-term maturities and low risk of counterparty default. As of September 30, 2017, the Company determined the fair value of its senior credit facility term loan at $18.4 million and its revolver loan at $12.2 million. Such fair value is determined using discounted estimated future cash flows using level 3 inputs.

Note 12 - Earnings per Share

The Successor’s computations of diluted EPS for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 excluded 560,000 potential common shares related to the Preferred Stock due to its antidilutive effects under the if-converted method.

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Successor’s computation of diluted EPS also excluded 345,013 potential shares underlying warrants, which were “in the money” (i.e., the average market price exceeded the exercise price), but would have had an antidilutive effect under the treasury stock method for that period. Excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were 17,100 remaining UPOs (issued in 2014) and 176,967 unvested RSUs because their effect also would have been antidilutive.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Successor’s computation of diluted EPS also excluded 459,978 potential shares underlying warrants, which were “in the money” (i.e., the average market price exceeded the exercise price), but would have had an antidilutive effect under the treasury stock method for that period. Excluded from the diluted EPS calculation for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were 17,100 remaining UPOs (issued in 2014) and 176,967 unvested RSUs because their effect also would have been antidilutive.

Warrants to purchase 600,000 shares of common stock at $15.00 per share were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the warrants’ exercise price was greater than the average market price of the shares of common stock for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in accordance with ASC 260-10-55-3). These warrants, which expire on various dates through July 20, 2023, were still outstanding at September 30, 2017.

Predecessor

The Company has not presented predecessor earnings per member unit information because it is not meaningful or comparable to the required Successor EPS information, as well as the fact that Predecessor units were not publicly traded. 

Note 13 – Income Taxes

The Company is taxed as a C Corporation. The historical audited financial results and other Predecessor financial information included herein reflect the Predecessor results as a limited liability company, which was taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not at the entity level. Following the Business Combination, LHLLC was treated as a disregarded entity (i.e., a business entity that is separate from its owner for liability purposes but is the same as its owner for income tax purposes); therefore, the financial results include the effects of federal and state income taxes at the parent level.

 For interim periods, the provision for income taxes (including federal, state, local and foreign taxes) is calculated based on the estimated annual effective tax rate and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (Successor) consists of the following:

No valuation allowance was required as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

The Company performed an analysis of its tax positions and determined that no material uncertain tax positions exist. Accordingly, there is no liability for uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016. Based on the provisions of ASC 740-10, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2017.

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:

Note 14 – Operating Segments

The Company determined its operating segments on the same basis that it assesses performance and makes operating decisions. The Company manages and measures the performance of its business in two distinct operating segments: Construction and Service. These segments are reflective of how the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") reviews operating results for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company's CODM is comprised of its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM evaluates performance based on income from operations of the respective segments after the allocation of Corporate office operating expenses. Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Our Corporate department provides general and administrative support services to our two operating segments. The CODM allocates costs between segments for selling, general and administrative expenses and depreciation expense.

All of the Company’s identifiable assets are located in the United States, which is where the Company is domiciled. The Company does not have sales outside the United States. The Company does not identify capital expenditures and total assets, including goodwill, by segment in its internal financial reports due in part to the shared use of a centralized fleet of vehicles and specialized equipment. Interest expense is not allocated to segments because of the corporate management of debt service including interest.

Condensed segment information for the periods presented is as follows:

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Leases. Operating leases consist primarily of leases for real property and equipment. The leases frequently include renewal options, escalation clauses, and require the Company to pay certain occupancy expenses. Lease expense was approximately $1.1 million and $3.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

Capital leases consist primarily of leases for vehicles (see Note 8 – Debt). The leases require monthly payments of principal and interest. All leases transfer title at lease end for a nominal cash buyout.

Legal. The Company is continually engaged in administrative proceedings, arbitrations, and litigation with owners, general contractors, suppliers, and other unrelated parties, all arising in the ordinary courses of business. In the opinion of the Company's management, the results of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Energy Contracts. The Company enters into contracts with certain state agencies in Ohio to acquire, construct, implement, and install energy conservation measures, as described in the contracts. The contracts include guarantees related to yearly energy costs savings by these customers, typically over a ten-year period. To the extent the yearly savings guarantees are unmet, the Company would be required to pay the customer the difference between the amount of energy costs savings guarantee and actual savings realized. The total of those guarantee amounts for each of the years ending December 31, 2017 and 2018 are $84 thousand and $42 thousand, respectively.

Under the terms of these energy contracts, the Company provides a guarantee bond to its customers in the amount of the guaranteed savings. The Company also maintains a Service Maintenance Agreement on most of the contracts so it can ensure proper maintenance of the equipment. On contracts without a Service Maintenance Agreement, the Company has no obligation for the guarantee if the equipment is not properly maintained. From the inception of these contracts in 1997 through September 30, 2017, the Company has not been required to make any material payments for unmet energy savings under any of the contracts.

As a result of the guarantee bonds and its experience with these arrangements, the Company does not expect to incur any material liabilities with respect to the contracts. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for the contract guarantees.

Surety. The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, payment and performance bonds (“Surety Bonds”) as a condition to the award of such contracts. The Surety Bonds secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts, and we have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of Surety Bonds issued on our behalf. In addition, at the request of labor unions representing certain of our employees, Surety Bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for such employees. Public sector contracts require Surety Bonds more frequently than private sector contracts, and accordingly, our bonding requirements typically increase as the amount of public sector work increases. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had approximately $98.8 million in surety bonds outstanding. The Surety Bonds are issued by surety companies in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of bond. 

Collective Bargaining Agreements. Many of the Company’s craft labor employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The agreements require the Company to pay specified wages, provide certain benefits and contribute certain amounts to multi-employer pension plans. If the Company withdraws from any of the multi-employer pension plans or if the plans were to otherwise become underfunded, the Company could incur additional liabilities related to these plans. Although the Company has been informed that some of the multi-employer pension plans to which it contributes have been classified as “critical” status, the Company is not currently aware of any significant liabilities related to this issue.

Note 16 - Self-Insurance

The Company purchases workers' compensation and general liability insurance under policies with per-incident deductibles of $250 thousand and a $3.2 million maximum aggregate deductible loss limit per year.

The components of the self-insurance liability as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows: 

The restricted cash balance represents an imprest cash balance set aside for the funding of workers' compensation and general liability insurance claims. This amount is replenished either when depleted or at the beginning of each month.

Note 17 – Backlog

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company's contractual Construction backlog, which represents the amount of revenue the Company expects to realize from work to be performed on uncompleted construction contracts in progress, was $454.3 million and $390.2 million, respectively. In addition, Service backlog as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $37.9 million and $44.1 million, respectively.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

On July 20, 2016, we completed the Business Combination in which we acquired Limbach Holdings LLC. Following the Business Combination, we changed our name to Limbach Holdings, Inc. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and certain note presentations separate the Company’s presentations into two distinct periods, the period up to and including the Business Combination closing date (labeled “Predecessor”) and the period after that date (labeled “Successor”), to indicate the application of different bases of accounting between the periods presented. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include a black line division which indicates that the Predecessor and Successor reporting entities shown are not comparable. The periods presented from January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017, July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 and at December 31, 2016 are the “Successor” periods. The periods presented from January 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 and July 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 are the “Predecessor” periods.

The historical financial information of 1347 Capital prior to the Business Combination (a special purpose acquisition company, or SPAC) has not been reflected in the Predecessor financial statements as these historical amounts have been considered de minimis.

The application of acquisition accounting, pursuant to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), for the Business Combination significantly affected certain assets, liabilities, and expenses. As a result, financial information as of September 30, 2017, for January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017 (Successor), July 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017 (Successor) and July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor) may not be comparable to Limbach’s Predecessor financial information for January 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor) and July 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor). Refer to Notes 1 and 4 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the accounting for the Business Combination.

Calendar Year

We operate on a calendar year ending on December 31 for financial reporting purposes. For calendar year 2017, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect January 1, 2017 through September 30, 2017 (Successor) and for calendar year 2016, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect January 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor) and July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor).

Overview

We are an industry-leading commercial specialty contractor in the areas of HVAC, plumbing, electrical and building controls through design and construction of new and renovated buildings, maintenance services, energy retrofits and equipment upgrades for private customers and federal, state, and local public agencies in Florida, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Washington DC, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio and Michigan. We operate our business in two segments, (i) Construction, in which we generally manage large construction or renovation projects that involve primarily HVAC, plumbing, sheet metal fabrication and installation, specialty piping and electrical services, and (ii) Service, in which we provide facility maintenance or general construction services primarily related to HVAC, plumbing or electrical services. Our branches and corporate headquarters are located in the United States.   

JOBS Act

We are an emerging growth company (“EGC”) pursuant to the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying companies. Under the JOBS Act, we will remain an EGC until the earliest of:

Pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, as an EGC we elected to delay adoption of accounting pronouncements newly issued or revised after April 5, 2012 applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies.

Key Components of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue principally from fixed-price construction contracts under which we deliver HVAC, plumbing, and electrical construction services to our customers. The duration of our contracts generally ranges from six months to two years. Revenue from fixed price and modified fixed price contracts is recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the relationship of total cost incurred to total estimated contract costs (cost-to-cost method). Revenue from time and materials contracts is recognized as services are performed. We believe that our extensive experience in HVAC, plumbing, and electrical projects, and our internal cost review procedures during the bidding process, enable us to reasonably estimate costs and mitigate the risk of cost overruns on fixed price contracts.

We generally invoice customers on a monthly basis, based on a schedule of values that breaks down the contract amount into discrete billing items. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are recorded as an asset until billable under the contract terms, and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are recorded as a liability until the related revenue is recognizable.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of the labor, equipment, material, subcontract, and other job costs in connection with fulfilling the terms of our contracts. Labor costs consist of wages plus taxes, fringe benefits, and insurance. Equipment costs consist of the ownership and operating costs of company-owned assets, in addition to outside-rented equipment. If applicable, job costs include estimated contract losses to be incurred in future periods. Due to the varied nature of our services, and the risks associated therewith, contract costs as a percentage of contract revenue have historically fluctuated and we expect this fluctuation to continue in future periods.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our administrative, estimating, human resources, safety, information technology, legal, finance and accounting employees and executives. Also included are non-personnel costs, such as travel-related expenses, legal and other professional fees and other corporate expenses. We expect to incur incremental costs associated with supporting the growth of our business and to meet the increased compliance requirements associated with our transition to and operation as a public company. Those costs include increases in our accounting, human resources, information technology and legal personnel, additional consulting, legal and audit fees, insurance costs, board of directors’ compensation and the costs of maintaining compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses are periodic non-cash charges that consist of depreciation of fixed assets, including leasehold improvements and equipment, and amortization of various intangible assets primarily including leasehold interests, customer relationships, Construction and Service backlogs and definite lived assets.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest expense incurred in connection with our debt, along with the gain (loss) on disposition of property and equipment.

Provision for Income Taxes

Following the Business Combination, Limbach has been taxed as a C Corporation. The Limbach (Predecessor) financial information included herein reflect our results as a limited liability company taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, our profits were not taxed at the entity level. Following the Business Combination, our financial results include the effects of federal income taxes which will be paid at the parent level.

For interim periods, the provision for income taxes (including federal, state and local taxes) is calculated based on the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the use of the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities and income or expense are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective tax bases, using enacted tax rates expected to be applicable in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes.

Surety Bonding 

In connection with our business, occasionally we are required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security to our customers for our performance under certain government and private sector contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds depends upon our capitalization, working capital, past performance, management expertise and external factors, including the capacity of the overall surety market. Surety companies consider such factors in light of the amount of our backlog that we have currently bonded and their current underwriting standards, which may change from time-to-time. The bonds we provide typically have face amounts ranging up to $100 million. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had approximately $98.8 million in surety bonds outstanding. We believe that our $600 million bonding capacity provides us with a significant competitive advantage relative to many of our competitors which have limited bonding capacity. 

Operating Segments

We manage and measure the performance of our business in two operating segments: Construction and Service. These segments are reflective of how the Company’s chief operating decision makers (“CODM”) review operating results for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Our chief operating decision makers are our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and chief operating officer. The CODM evaluates performance and allocate resources based on operating income, which is profit or loss from operations before “other” corporate expenses, income tax provision (benefit) and dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock, if any.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM evaluates performance based on income from operations of the respective branches after the allocation of corporate office operating expenses. Transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Our corporate department provides selling, general and administrative support services to our two operating segments. We allocate costs between segments for selling, general and administrative expenses and depreciation expense. Some selling, general and administrative expenses such as executive and administrative salaries and payroll expenses, corporate marketing, corporate depreciation and amortization, and consulting, accounting and corporate legal fees are not allocated to segments because the allocation method would be arbitrary and would not provide an accurate presentation of operating results of segments; instead these types of expenses are maintained as a corporate expense. See Note 14 – Operating Segments in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

We do not identify capital expenditures and total assets, including goodwill, by segment in our internal financial reports due in part to the shared use of a centralized fleet of vehicles and specialized equipment. Interest expense is not allocated to segments because of the corporate management of debt service including interest.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017 (Successor), July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor) and July 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor)

The following table presents operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2017 (Successor), July 20, 2016 through September 30, 2016 (Successor) and July 1, 2016 through July 19, 2016 (Predecessor) in absolute terms and expressed as a percentage of total revenue, as compared below:

Comparison of select financial data: