Limbach Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x       QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

¨       TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-36541

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1-412-359-2100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer    ¨    Accelerated filer   ¨     Non-accelerated filer x

Smaller reporting company    x    Emerging growth company    x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨   No  x

As of November 16, 2018, there were 7,590,778 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, outstanding.

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I

Item 1. Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

LIMBACH HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Plan of Business Operations

Limbach Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Limbach Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including Limbach Holdings LLC (“LHLLC”), Limbach Facility Services LLC (“LFS”), Limbach Company LLC, Limbach Company LP, Harper Limbach LLC (“Harper”) and Harper Limbach Construction LLC.

We operate our business in two segments, (i) Construction, in which we generally manage large construction or renovation projects that involve primarily heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”), plumbing or electrical services, and (ii) Service, in which we provide maintenance or service primarily on HVAC, plumbing or electrical systems. This work is primarily performed under fixed price, modified fixed price, and time and material contracts over periods of typically less than two years. The Company’s customers operate in several different industries, including healthcare, education, government, commercial, manufacturing, mission critical, entertainment, and leisure. The Company operates primarily in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and Southwestern regions of the United States.

The Company was originally incorporated as a special purpose acquisition company, formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, equity interest exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On July 20, 2016, the Company consummated a business combination (“Business Combination”) whereby it acquired all of the outstanding equity of LHLLC. In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company changed its name from 1347 Capital Corp. (“1347 Capital”) to Limbach Holdings, Inc.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Condensed Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X for smaller reporting companies. Consequently, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Readers of this report should refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 2, 2018. 

Under FASB ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern,” management is required to evaluate conditions or events as related to uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related financial disclosures, as applicable. Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As further discussed in Note 7 - Debt, as of September 30, 2018, the Company was not in compliance with the senior leverage and fixed charge coverage ratio requirements as required in the Company’s senior credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”). As a result of these violations, the lenders have requested that the Company seek alternative financing. On November 19, 2018, the Company and the lenders executed a Limited, Conditional and Temporary Waiver and Amendment Related to Loan Documents (“Temporary Waiver”), which provides for a temporary waiver of the aforementioned covenant violations through November 30, 2018 (the “temporary waiver period”), so long as no new defaults or events of default occur in the intervening period. During the temporary waiver period, the lenders agreed to waive their rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement, including the termination of their working capital funding to the Company and demanding repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. In the event of a new default or event of default during the temporary waiver period, the lenders retained their rights to immediately exercise their rights and remedies. The Temporary Waiver also outlines terms of a restructured credit agreement, which the Company and the lenders expect to execute by November 30, 2018.

The terms of the restructured credit agreement are expected to include, among other things:

At the conclusion of the temporary waiver period, the lenders have reserved their rights and remedies to terminate their working capital funding and demand repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. The Temporary Waiver does not obligate the lenders to execute a definitive agreement by the November 30, 2018 date. Accordingly, the Company’s remaining long-term debt under the Credit Agreement, comprising $23.6 million of borrowings under the Credit Agreement revolver and the Credit Agreement term loans, was reclassified as a current liability in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018. As a result, the Company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by $2.2 million as of this date. If the lenders terminate their working capital funding and/or demand repayment of all existing borrowings, this could result in the Company being unable to meet its working capital obligations.

Management is diligently pursuing the refinancing of its existing obligations under the Credit Agreement. To assist in the refinancing effort, the Company has engaged a middle market financial institution that is currently a member of Limbach’s existing bank group. This institution is seeking to underwrite and hold approximately $15 million of a $30 million revolving credit facility; to syndicate the balance of the revolving credit facility; and to place up to $50 million of term debt. The proceeds of the new financing would be used to retire the Company's existing indebtedness, to pay fees and expenses, and for general corporate purposes. The contemplated financing remains subject to underwriting, syndication and other customary terms and conditions. In addition to the bank refinancing described above, the Company may seek alternative sources of equity financing. The Company believes that it will execute an amendment to the Credit Agreement with its existing lenders by November 30, 2018, and that it will be able to refinance the Credit Agreement within a time period acceptable to its existing lenders. Assuming the Company executes the amendment to the Credit Agreement on terms materially consistent with those set forth in the Temporary Waiver, and that the Company obtains the Credit Agreement refinancing as currently contemplated, the Company believes that it will have sufficient liquidity with its current cash balances and borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement revolver (as amended), or new revolver, as applicable, to meet its short-term cash needs.

The Company currently cannot predict whether the existing lenders will exercise their rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, since the Company has no firm commitments for additional financing, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional financing on terms that are acceptable to the Company, or at all. As there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement our refinancing plan, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our condensed consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments, if any, that might arise from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the periods presented are unaudited. Also, within the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we have included unaudited information for these interim periods. These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2018, and its results of operations and its cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017 was derived from our audited financial statements filed with the SEC on April 2, 2018, but is presented as condensed and does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.

Revenues and Cost Recognition

Revenues from construction fixed price and modified fixed price contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the relationship of total cost incurred to total estimated contract costs (cost-to-cost method). Contract revenue for long-term construction contracts is based upon management’s estimate of contract values at completion, including revenue for additional work on which the contract value has not been finalized (claims and unapproved change orders) but is considered probable. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to estimated costs and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined.

Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized in the period in which such losses are determined. Contract costs include direct labor, material, and subcontractor costs, and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs, depreciation, and insurance. Total estimated contract costs are based upon management’s current estimate of total costs at completion.

There are two basic types of service contracts: fixed price service contracts which are signed in advance for maintenance, repair, and retrofit work over a period of typically one year, and service contracts not signed in advance for similar maintenance, repair, and retrofit work performed on an as-needed basis. Fixed price service contracts are generally performed evenly over the contract period and, accordingly, revenue is recognized on a pro rata basis over the life of the contract. Revenues derived from other service contracts are recognized when the services are performed. Expenses related to all service contracts are recognized as services are provided.

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements arise when revenues have been recognized but the amounts cannot be billed under the terms of the contracts. Also included in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are amounts the Company seeks or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders in dispute or unapproved as to scope and price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Claims and unapproved change orders are recorded at estimated net realizable value when realization is probable and can be reasonably estimated. No profit is recognized on the construction costs incurred in connection with claim amounts. Claims and unapproved change orders made by the Company may involve negotiation and, in rare cases, litigation. Claims and unapproved change orders involve the use of estimates, and it is reasonably possible that revisions to the estimated recoverable amounts of recorded claims and unapproved change orders may be made in the near term. Claims against the Company are recognized when a loss is considered probable and amounts are reasonably determinable. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts represent billings in excess of revenues recognized.

In accordance with industry practice, we classify as current all assets and liabilities relating to the performance of contracts. The terms of our contracts generally range from six months to two years.

Selling, general, and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Bidding and proposal costs are also recognized as an expense in the period in which such amounts are incurred.

Note 3 – Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The effective dates shown in the following pronouncements are private company effective dates, based upon the Company’s election to conform to private company effective dates based on the relief provided to Emerging Growth Companies (“EGC”) under the JOBS Act.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers—Topic 606,” which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in FASB Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 605. The new guidance established principles for reporting revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. This new revenue recognition standard will replace all of the recognition guidance within GAAP. This guidance was deferred by ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the effective date, issued by the FASB in August 2015,” which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 from annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 to annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal versus Agent Considerations,” which further clarifies the implementation guidance in ASU 2014-09. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” to expand the guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing within ASU 2014-09. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Revenues from Contracts with Customers: Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” which amends the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. The amendments are intended to address implementation issues that were raised by stakeholders and provide additional practical expedients to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the new revenue standard. The guidance can be applied on a full retrospective or modified retrospective basis whereby the entity records a cumulative effect of initially applying this update at the date of initial application. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” intended to clarify the codification or to correct unintended application of the guidance which clarifies the definition of loan guarantee fees, what should be considered in contract costs impairment testing, a requirement that provisions for losses on construction-type and production-type contracts be determined at the least at the contract level, exclusion of insurance contracts from scope, specific disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations, disclosure of prior-period performance obligations and gives an example of contract modifications. These standards are required to be implemented by the Company for its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period.

We have substantially completed the process of evaluating the impact of the new pronouncement on our contracts, including identifying potential differences that will result from applying the new guidance. Retention related balances will be presented as a separate contract asset instead of a component of accounts receivable on the face of the balance sheet. Management will evaluate the nature of warranties provided to the Company’s customers to determine if such warranties represent an assurance-type or service-type warranty, which requires identification and treatment as a separate performance obligation. For purposes of revenue recognition, such warranties are currently included in total estimated project costs. Further, management intends to develop a process for calculating the balance of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, which is a required disclosure under the new revenue recognition standard that may differ from the historical calculation of backlog, although we intend to continue disclosing backlog in our future SEC filings. We will draft revised accounting policies and evaluate the enhanced disclosure requirements on our business processes, controls and systems.

We anticipate adopting the standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method. As a result of the review of our various types of revenue arrangements, we do not anticipate that the adoption will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, particularly as it relates to revenues generated from long-term construction, service maintenance, and time and materials contracts.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” ASU 2016-02 provides an approach for classifying leases as either finance leases or operating leases. For either classification, a right-of-use asset and a lease liability will be required to be recognized, unless the term of the lease is one year or less. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective approach which includes optional practical expedients. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, “Leases (Topic 842),” that clarified the standard by providing a practical expedient in transition to not evaluate existing or expired land easements under Topic 842 that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” to correct inconsistencies in the guidance and clarify how to apply certain provisions of the lease standards. In addition, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” intended to reduce costs and ease implementation of the leases standard for financial statement preparers by providing a new transition method and a practical expedient for separating components of a contract. Under the new transition method, an entity initially applies the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Because the Company’s EGC status is set to expire on December 31, 2019, unless other disqualifying provisions apply prior to that date (see Item 2. JOBS Act), the Company is expected to comply with this standard beginning the fourth quarter of 2019. Earlier application is permitted. Management has not yet commenced its analysis of these standards and therefore cannot estimate the impact of their adoption on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash” to address diversity in practice in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. When adopted, this standard is expected to have no material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We anticipate adopting this standard in the first quarter of 2019.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments provide a screen to determine when a set of assets and activities is not a business. If the screen is not met, the amendments require further consideration of inputs, substantive processes and outputs to determine whether the transaction is an acquisition of a business. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments in this update are to be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. Management is currently evaluating this standard to determine the impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles–Goodwill and Other - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” to address the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test which resulted in the elimination of Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measured a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Rather, the Company would be required to do its annual and interim goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and to recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount is greater than the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Income tax effects measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable, from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount on the reporting unit should also be considered. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for the Company’s annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The amendments in this update are to be applied on a prospective basis. When adopted, this standard is expected to have no material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We anticipate adopting this standard in the first quarter of 2019.

On May 10, 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting” (“ASU 2017-09”). The amendments included in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments in this update will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-09 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share-Based Accounting,” to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions to non-employees for goods and services by aligning it with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. Because the Company’s EGC status is set to expire on December 31, 2019, unless other disqualifying provisions apply prior to that date (see Item 2. JOBS Act), the Company is expected to comply with this standard beginning the fourth quarter of 2019. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers—Topic 606.” The adoption of this standard is expected to have no material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements related to recurring or nonrecurring fair value measurements by removing amounts and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new standard requires disclosure of the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this standard only impacts disclosure and therefore, the Company does not expect that it will have an impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract,” addressed diversity in practice and simplified accounting for implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company early adopted this standard during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, and accordingly followed the guidance to expense fees as incurred for its single cloud computing service contract. The adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) adopted amendments to simplify certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping or outdated based on other Commission disclosure requirements, GAAP or other changes in the information environment. The final rule amends Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X (Rule 8-03 for smaller reporting companies) and requires registrants to disclose changes in shareholders’ equity, in the form of a reconciliation, for “the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods, with subtotals for each interim period.”  Registrants may present the activity in a separate statement of changes in stockholders’ equity or in the notes to the interim financial statements. These amendments became effective 30 days from publication in the Federal Register on November 5, 2018. The Company early adopted this rule and changed is presentation of its changes in stockholders’ equity this quarter as shown in its Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.

Note 4 – Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable and the allowance for uncollectible accounts are comprised of the following:

Note 5 – Contracts in Progress

Accounts payable includes retainage due to subcontractors totaling $11.8 million and $11.1 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The Company has asserted claims and may have unapproved change orders on certain construction projects. These occur typically as a result of scope changes and project delays. Management continually evaluates these items and estimates the recoverable amounts and, if significant, these recoverability estimates are evaluated to determine the net realizable value. If additional amounts are recovered, additional contract revenue would be recognized.

We recorded revisions in our contract estimates for certain construction and service projects. For projects having revisions with a material gross profit impact, this resulted in gross profit write downs on construction projects of $9.0 million and $18.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and gross profit write downs on service projects of $0.6 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The Company is pursuing recovery remedies for costs incurred due to delays and disruptions, but is not currently in a position to recognize any potential recoveries in its financial statements. We also recorded revisions in our contract estimates on construction projects resulting in gross profit write ups totaling $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Revisions in our contract estimates on service projects resulted in gross profit write ups of $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Note 6 – Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill and intangible assets are comprised of the following:

The definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the period the Company expects to receive the related economic benefit, which for customer relationships is based upon estimated future net cash inflows. The Company has previously determined that its trade name has an indefinite useful life. The Limbach trade name has been in existence since the Company’s founding in 1901 and therefore is an established brand within the industry.

Total amortization expense for these amortizable intangible assets was $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Due to the Company's significant additional project write downs recorded during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 representing a triggering event, management performed an impairment test for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets.  Based on the results of the Company's analysis, the fair value of both the Construction and Service reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts.  This resulted in no impairment charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.  Similarly, no impairment charges were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company will update its annual assessment of goodwill and intangible assets in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Note 7 – Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following obligations as of:

Credit Agreement

In 2016, LFS, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement consists of a $25.0 million revolving line of credit (the “Credit Agreement revolver”) and a $24.0 million term loan (the “Credit Agreement term loan”), both with a maturity date of July 20, 2021. The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all assets of LFS and its subsidiaries. Principal payments of $750,000 on the Credit Agreement term loan were due quarterly through June 30, 2018. Principal payments of $900,000 on the Credit Agreement term loan are now due at the end of each quarter through maturity of the loan, with any remaining amounts due at maturity. Outstanding borrowings on both the Credit Agreement term loan and the Credit Agreement revolver bear interest at either the Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or LIBOR (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus the applicable additional margin, payable monthly. At September 30, 2018, the interest rates in effect were 6.2% on the Credit Agreement term loan, 8.3% on the Credit Agreement revolver and 7.2% on the Bridge Term Loan (as defined below).

Mandatory prepayments are required upon the occurrence of certain events, including, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, equity issuances, changes of control of the Company, certain debt issuances, assets sales and excess cash flow. Commencing with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, the Company was required to remit an amount equal to 50% of the excess cash flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of the Company, which percentage will be reduced based on the Senior Leverage Ratio (as defined therein). As a result of this provision, the Company remitted to the lenders under the Credit Agreement an excess cash flow payment of $1.2 million on May 1, 2018. This amount was classified as current portion of long-term debt at December 31, 2017. The Company may voluntarily prepay the loans at any time subject to the limitations set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement includes restrictions on, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions, redeem or purchase capital stock, make investments and loans and enter into certain transactions, including selling assets, engaging in mergers or acquisitions and entering into transactions with affiliates.

On January 12, 2018, LFS and LHLLC entered into the Second Amendment and Limited Waiver to the Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment and Limited Waiver”) with the lenders party thereto and Fifth Third Bank, as administrative agent and L/C issuer. The Second Amendment and Limited Waiver provides for a new term loan under the Credit Agreement in the aggregate principal amount of $10.0 million (the “Bridge Term Loan”) to be used for the purpose of financing the repurchase (the “Repurchase”) of all of the Company’s remaining 280,000 shares of Class A Preferred Stock, including accrued but unpaid dividends, and the payment of certain fees and expenses associated therewith. The proceeds from the Bridge Term Loan were used to finance the Repurchase for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million, including accrued but unpaid dividends of $0.9 million, pursuant to the Preferred Stock Repurchase Agreement, dated as of July 14, 2017 (the “Preferred Stock Repurchase Agreement”), by and between the Company and 1347 Investors LLC (“1347 Investors”).

Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Borrower’s option, at either Adjusted LIBOR (“Eurodollar”) or a Base Rate, in each case, plus an applicable margin. With respect to the Bridge Term Loan, from January 12, 2018 to, but excluding, July 12, 2018 (the six-month anniversary of the loan), the applicable margin with respect to any Base Rate loans was 4.00% per annum and with respect to any Eurodollar loan was 5.00% per annum. From July 12, 2018 to, but excluding, the 12-month anniversary thereof, the applicable margin with respect to any Base Rate loan will be 4.50% per annum and with respect to any Eurodollar loan will be 5.50% per annum. From the 12-month anniversary of January 12, 2018 and all times thereafter, the applicable margin with respect to any Base Rate loan will be 5.00% per annum and with respect to a Eurodollar loan will be 6.00% per annum.

The Borrower is required to make principal payments on the Bridge Term Loan in the amount of $250,000 on the last business day of March, June, September and December of each year. The Bridge Term Loan will mature on April 12, 2019. Accordingly, the related principal balance of $8.0 million was classified as current at September 30, 2018. The Bridge Term Loan is guaranteed by the same guarantors (including Limbach Holdings, Inc., Limbach Facility Services LLC, Limbach Holdings LLC, Limbach Company LLC, Limbach Company LP, Harper Limbach LLC and Harper Limbach Construction LLC) and secured (on a pari passu basis) by the same collateral as the other loans under the Credit Agreement.

On March 21, 2018, the Company, LFS and LHLLC entered into the Third Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with the lenders party thereto and Fifth Third Bank, as administrative agent and L/C Issuer. The Third Amendment provides for an increase in the amount that may be drawn against the Credit Agreement revolver for the issuances of letters of credit from $5.0 million to $8.0 million, modifies the definition of EBITDA to include certain one-time costs and non-cash charges and joins the Company as a guarantor under the Credit Agreement and related loan documents.

On May 15, 2018, the Company, LFS and LHLLC entered into the Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement and Limited Waiver (the “Fourth Amendment and Limited Waiver”) with the lenders party thereto and Fifth Third Bank, as administrative agent and L/C Issuer. The Fourth Amendment and Limited Waiver amends the existing covenants of the Credit Agreement to include additional information covenants, such as work in process reports and monthly cash flow schedules. In addition, the Fourth Amendment and Limited Waiver required a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.15 for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018.

The Credit Agreement requires the Company to comply with certain financial performance covenants including the following: (1) a senior leverage ratio not to exceed 2.75, (2) a fixed charge coverage ratio not less than 1.25 (which was decreased to 1.15 for the fiscal quarters ending on June 30, 2018 through December 31, 2018) and (3) minimum tangible net worth of not less than $8.0 million, increased by 25% of net income for the Company’s immediately prior fiscal year, if any. As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s senior leverage ratio was 4.33, which exceeded the 2.75 maximum threshold. In addition, the Company’s fixed charge coverage ratio was 0.49, which did not meet the 1.15 minimum requirement. As a result of these violations, the lenders have requested that the Company seek alternative financing. As further discussed in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies, on November 19, 2018, the Company and the lenders executed the Temporary Waiver, which provides for a temporary waiver of the two covenant violations through November 30, 2018, so long as no new defaults or events of default occur in the intervening period. At the conclusion of the temporary waiver period, the lenders have reserved their rights and remedies to terminate their working capital funding and demand repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the lenders are under no obligation to execute a restructured credit agreement by the November 30, 2018 date. As a result, the Company’s remaining long-term debt under the Credit Agreement, comprising $23.6 million of borrowings under the Credit Agreement revolver and the Credit Agreement term loan, was reclassified as a current liability in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018.

The equity interests of the Company’s subsidiaries have been pledged as security for the obligations under the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, including, among other items, payment defaults, cross-defaults to other indebtedness, a change of control default and events of default with respect to certain material agreements. Additionally, with respect to the Company, an event of default occurs if the Company’s securities cease to be registered with the SEC pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. In case of an event of default, the administrative agent would be entitled to, among other things, accelerated payment of amounts due under the Credit Agreement, foreclose on the equity of the Company’s subsidiaries, and exercise all rights of a secured creditor on behalf of the lenders.

The additional margin applied to both the Credit Agreement revolver and Credit Agreement term loan is determined based on levels achieved under the Company’s senior leverage ratio covenant, which reflects the ratio of indebtedness divided by EBITDA for the most recently ended four quarters.

The following is a summary of the additional margin and commitment fees payable on the available revolving credit commitment:

The Company had $8.6 million of availability under its Credit Agreement revolver at September 30, 2018.

Note 8 – Equity

The Company’s second amended and restated certificate of incorporation currently authorizes the issuance of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001.

At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for 4,576,799 shares of common stock, consisting of: (i) 4,600,000 warrants issued as part of units in its initial public offering, each of which is exercisable for one-half of one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per whole share (“Public Warrants”); (ii) 198,000 warrants, each exercisable for one-half of one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share) (“Sponsor Warrants”); (iii) 600,000 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share (“$15 Exercise Price Warrants”); (iv) 631,119 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $12.50 per share (“Merger Warrants”); and (v) 946,680 warrants, each exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (“Additional Merger Warrants”). At December 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding warrants exercisable for 4,659,472 shares of common stock.

The Public Warrants, Sponsor Warrants and $15 Exercise Price Warrants were issued under a warrant agreement dated July 15, 2014, between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as warrant agent, and the Company. The Merger Warrants and Additional Merger Warrants were issued to the sellers of LHLLC. On January 8, 2018, the Company issued 10,627 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of 49,604 Additional Merger Warrants and 33,069 Merger Warrants.

On July 21, 2014, a total of 300,000 Unit Purchase Options (“UPOs”) were issued by 1347 Capital to a representative of the underwriter and its designees. In December 2016, the Company issued 121,173 shares of common stock in connection with the cashless exercise of 282,900 of these UPOs. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, a total of 17,100 UPOs were outstanding and will be exercisable, either for cash or on a cashless basis, through July 21, 2019. Each UPO consists of one share of common stock, one right to purchase one-tenth of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one-half of one share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per full share.

On August 30, 2017, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company granted an aggregate of 438,800 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under the Limbach Holdings, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan to certain executive officers, non-executive employees and non-employee directors of the Company in the forms of an inaugural RSU award to executives (the “Inaugural RSU Award”), an annual long-term incentive RSU award (the “LTI RSU Award”), and an RSU award to non-employee directors (“Director RSU Award”). A total of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized and reserved for issuance under this plan. The Company granted additional RSU awards during the third quarter of 2018. See Note 17 – Management Incentive Plans.

Note 9 – Cumulative Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

In connection with the Business Combination, the Company issued 400,000 shares of Class A preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) on July 20, 2016. Each share of Preferred Stock was convertible (at the holder’s election) into two shares of the Company’s common stock (as may be adjusted for any stock splits, reverse stock splits or similar transactions), representing a conversion price of $12.50 per share; provided, that such conversion was in compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements. The Preferred Stock ranked senior to all classes and series of outstanding capital stock. The Company agreed to not issue any other shares of capital stock that ranked senior or pari passu to the Preferred Stock while the Preferred Stock was outstanding, unless at least 30% of the proceeds from such issuance were used to redeem Preferred Stock. The holders of the Preferred Stock were, in priority to any other class or series of capital stock, entitled to receive, as and when declared by the board of directors fixed, cumulative, preferential dividends at a rate of: (i) 8% per annum in years one through three from issuance; (ii) 10% per annum in years four through five from issuance; and (iii) 12% per annum thereafter, payable in equal quarterly installments. Dividends on outstanding Preferred Stock accrued day to day from the date of issuance of the Preferred Stock. No dividends in excess of the accrued and unpaid preferred yield in respect of the Preferred Stock were permitted.

On July 14, 2017, the Company entered into the Preferred Stock Repurchase Agreement with 1347 Investors pursuant to which (a) the Company repurchased from 1347 Investors a total of 120,000 shares of the Preferred Stock for an aggregate sum of $4.1 million in cash, (b) for a period of six months after such repurchase, the Company had the right to repurchase from 1347 Investors, in one or more transactions, all or a portion of the remaining 280,000 shares of Preferred Stock owned by 1347 Investors for a purchase price equal to 130% of the liquidation value per share plus 130% of any and all accrued but unpaid dividends thereon as of the date of closing of the purchase of such shares and (c) 1347 Investors would not, with respect to the 509,500 shares of common stock held in escrow pursuant to its lock-up arrangement that expired on July 20, 2017, sell or otherwise transfer such shares of common stock during the period from such expiration through October 20, 2017.

This repurchase was funded through permitted borrowings under the Company’s Credit Agreement revolving credit facility and closed on July 14, 2017. The Company has retired the repurchased shares.

As discussed in Note 7 – Debt, on January 12, 2018, the Company exercised its repurchase right with respect to the remaining 280,000 shares of Preferred Stock using the proceeds from the Bridge Term Loan for an aggregate purchase price of $10.0 million, including a $2.2 million premium and accrued but unpaid dividends of $0.9 million, pursuant to the Preferred Stock Repurchase Agreement. The Company has retired the repurchased shares.

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 820 – Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable and accounts payable consist primarily of instruments without extended maturities, which approximate fair value primarily due to their short-term maturities and low risk of counterparty default. We also believe that the carrying value of the Credit Agreement term loan approximates its fair value due to the variable rate on such debt. As of September 30, 2018, the Company determined the fair value of its Credit Agreement term loan at $15.2 million, its Credit Agreement revolver at $12.0 million and the Bridge Term Loan at $8.0 million. Such fair value is determined using discounted estimated future cash flows using level 3 inputs.

To determine the fair value of the warrants issued in connection with the Business Combination, the Company utilized the Black-Scholes model.

Note 11 – Earnings per Share

Diluted EPS assumes the dilutive effect of outstanding common stock warrants, UPOs and RSUs, all using the treasury stock method, and the dilutive effect of the Class A Preferred Stock, using the “if-converted” method.

The following table summarizes the securities that were antidilutive or out-of-the-money, and therefore, were not included in the computations of diluted loss per common share:

Note 12 – Income Taxes

The Company is taxed as a C corporation.

For interim periods, the provision for income taxes (including federal, state, local and foreign taxes) is calculated based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for certain discrete items for the full fiscal year. Cumulative adjustments to the Company's estimate are recorded in the interim period in which a change in the estimated annual effective rate is determined. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. The provision (benefit) for income taxes consist of the following:

No valuation allowance was required as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The Company performed an analysis of its tax positions and determined that no material uncertain tax positions exist. Accordingly, there was no liability for uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017. Based on the provisions of ASC Topic 740 - Income Taxes, the Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The effective tax benefit rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 16.7% and 38.0%, respectively.

Note 13 – Operating Segments

The Company determined its operating segments on the same basis that it assesses performance and makes operating decisions. The Company manages and measures the performance of its business in two distinct operating segments: Construction and Service. These segments are reflective of how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company's CODM is comprised of its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM evaluates performance based on income from operations of the respective segments after the allocation of Corporate office operating expenses. In accordance with ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting, the Company has elected to aggregate all of the construction branches into one Construction reportable segment and all of the service branches into one Service reportable segment. All transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Our Corporate department provides general and administrative support services to our two operating segments. The CODM allocates costs between segments for selling, general and administrative expenses and depreciation expense.

All of the Company’s identifiable assets are located in the United States, which is where the Company is domiciled. The Company does not have sales outside the United States. The Company does not identify capital expenditures and total assets by segment in its internal financial reports due in part to the shared use of a centralized fleet of vehicles and specialized equipment. Interest expense is not allocated to segments because of the corporate management of debt service including interest.

Condensed consolidated segment information for the periods presented is as follows:

Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies

Leases. Operating leases consist primarily of leases for real property and equipment. The leases frequently include renewal options, escalation clauses, and require the Company to pay certain occupancy expenses. Lease expense was approximately $1.1 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Capital leases consist primarily of leases for vehicles (see Note 7 – Debt). The leases require monthly payments of principal and interest. All leases transfer title at lease end for a nominal cash buyout.

Legal. The Company is continually engaged in administrative proceedings, arbitrations, and litigation with owners, general contractors, suppliers, and other unrelated parties, all arising in the ordinary courses of business. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the results of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

LFS and Harper, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, are parties to a lawsuit involving a Harper employee who was alleged to be in the course and scope of his employment at the time the personal car he was operating collided with another car causing injuries to three persons and one fatality. During the course of the litigation, the plaintiffs made settlement demands within LFS and Harper’s insurance coverage limits. On or about October 12, 2018, the plaintiffs agreed to settle and dismiss their lawsuit in exchange for an aggregate payment of $30.0 million from LFS and Harper, which amounts will be paid by the Company’s insurance carriers. The Company will not have any monetary exposure. The $30.0 million amounts due from the Company’s insurance carriers and due to the plaintiffs have been included in the captions labeled as Other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018.

Surety. The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, payment and performance bonds (“Surety Bonds”) as a condition to the award of such contracts. The Surety Bonds secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts, and we have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of Surety Bonds issued on our behalf. In addition, at the request of labor unions representing certain of our employees, Surety Bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for such employees. Public sector contracts require Surety Bonds more frequently than private sector contracts, and accordingly, our bonding requirements typically increase as the amount of public sector work increases. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $90.8 million in surety bonds outstanding. The Surety Bonds are issued by surety companies in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of bond.

Collective Bargaining Agreements. Many of the Company’s craft labor employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The agreements require the Company to pay specified wages, provide certain benefits and contribute certain amounts to multi-employer pension plans. If the Company withdraws from any of the multi-employer pension plans or if the plans were to otherwise become underfunded, the Company could incur additional liabilities related to these plans. Although the Company has been informed that some of the multi-employer pension plans to which it contributes have been classified as “critical” status, the Company is not currently aware of any significant liabilities related to this issue.

Note 15 – Self-Insurance

The Company purchases workers’ compensation and general liability insurance under policies with per-incident deductibles of $250 thousand and a $3.7 million maximum aggregate deductible loss limit per year.

 The components of the self-insurance liability as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:

The restricted cash balance represents an imprest cash balance set aside for the funding of workers' compensation and general liability insurance claims. This amount is replenished either when depleted or at the beginning of each month.

Note 16 – Backlog

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company’s contractual Construction backlog, which represents the amount of revenue the Company expects to realize from work to be performed on uncompleted construction contracts in progress, was $435.8 million and $426.7 million, respectively. In addition, Service backlog as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $51.7 million and $34.7 million, respectively.

Note 17 – Management Incentive Plans

Upon approval of the Business Combination, the Company adopted the Limbach Holdings, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”). Certain employees, directors and consultants will be eligible to be granted awards under the 2016 Plan, other than incentive stock options, which may be granted only to employees. The Company has reserved 800,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the 2016 Plan, as may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, and similar changes in the Company’s common stock. In connection with an event determined to constitute a change in control, the plan administrator may accelerate the vesting of awards previously granted. All awards are made in the form of shares only.

Service-Based Awards

In 2018, the Company granted 81,267 service-based RSUs to its executives, certain employees, and non-employee directors under the 2016 Plan.

The following table summarizes our service-based RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

Performance-Based Awards

In 2018, the Company granted 61,000 performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”) to its executives and certain employees under the 2016 Plan. The Company will recognize stock-based compensation expense for these awards over the vesting period based on the projected probability of achievement of certain performance conditions as of the end of each reporting period during the performance period and may periodically adjust the recognition of such expense, as necessary, in response to any changes in the Company’s forecasts with respect to the performance conditions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense related to these awards or to the awards that were granted on August 30, 2017.

The following table summarizes our PRSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

Market-Based Awards

The following table summarizes our market-based RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

Total recognized stock-based compensation expense amounted to $0.6 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs which are probable of vesting was $1.6 million at September 30, 2018. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years.

Note 18 – Subsequent Events

On November 19, 2018, management and the lenders executed the Temporary Waiver, which provides for a temporary waiver of the Company’s noncompliance with two Credit Agreement covenants as of September 30, 2018. See Note 2 for the details and the implications of this agreement.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 and in subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are an industry-leading commercial specialty contractor in the areas of HVAC, plumbing, electrical and building controls through design and construction of new and renovated buildings, maintenance services, energy retrofits and equipment upgrades for private customers and federal, state, and local public agencies in Florida, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio and Michigan. We operate our business in two segments, (i) Construction, in which we generally manage large construction or renovation projects that involve primarily HVAC, plumbing or electrical services, and (ii) Service, in which we provide facility maintenance or services primarily on HVAC, plumbing or electrical systems. Our branches and corporate headquarters are located in the United States.

Going Concern

Under FASB ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern,” management is required to evaluate conditions or events as related to uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related financial disclosures, as applicable. Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As further discussed in Note 7 - Debt, as of September 30, 2018, the Company was not in compliance with the senior leverage and fixed charge coverage ratio requirements under its senior credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). As a result of these violations, the lenders have requested that the Company seek alternative financing. On November 19, 2018, the Company and the lenders executed a Limited, Conditional and Temporary Waiver and Amendment Related to Loan Documents (the “Temporary Waiver”), which provides for a temporary waiver of the aforementioned covenant violations through November 30, 2018 (the “temporary waiver period”), so long as no new defaults or events of default occur in the intervening period. During the temporary waiver period, the lenders agreed to waive their rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement, including the termination of their working capital funding to the Company and demanding repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. In the event of a new default or event of default during the temporary waiver period, the lenders retained their rights to immediately exercise their rights and remedies. The Temporary Waiver also outlines terms of a restructured credit agreement, which the Company and the lenders expect to execute by November 30, 2018.

The terms of the restructured credit agreement are expected to include, among other things:

At the conclusion of the temporary waiver period, the lenders may terminate their working capital funding and demand repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the lenders are not obligated to execute a restructured credit agreement by the November 30, 2018 date. Accordingly, the Company’s remaining long-term debt under the Credit Agreement, comprising $23.6 million borrowings under the Credit Agreement revolver and the Credit Agreement term loans, was reclassified as a current liability in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018. As a result, the Company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by $2.2 million as of this date. If the lenders terminate their working capital funding and/or demand repayment of all existing borrowings, this could result in the Company being unable to meet its working capital obligations.

Management is diligently pursuing the refinancing of its existing obligations under the Credit Agreement. To assist in the refinancing effort, the Company has engaged a middle market financial institution that is currently a member of the Company’s existing bank group. This institution is seeking to underwrite and hold approximately $15 million of a $30 million revolving credit facility; to syndicate the balance of the revolving credit facility; and to place up to $50 million of term debt. The proceeds of the new financing would be used to retire the Company's existing indebtedness, to pay fees and expenses, and for general corporate purposes. The contemplated financing remains subject to underwriting, syndication and other customary terms and conditions.  In addition to the bank refinancing described above, the Company may seek alternative sources of equity financing. The Company believes that it will execute an amendment to the Credit Agreement with its existing lenders by November 30, 2018, and that it will be able to refinance the Credit Agreement within a time period acceptable to its existing lenders. Assuming the Company executes the amendment to the Credit Agreement on terms materially consistent with those set forth in the Temporary Waiver, and that the Company obtains the Credit Agreement refinancing as currently contemplated, the Company believes that it will have sufficient liquidity with its current cash balances and borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement revolver (as amended), or new revolver, as applicable, to meet its short-term cash needs.

The Company currently cannot predict whether the existing lenders will exercise their rights and remedies under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, since the Company has no firm commitments for additional financing, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure additional financing on terms that are acceptable to the Company, or at all. As there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement our refinancing plan, these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include adjustments, if any, that might arise from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Challenges in Mid-Atlantic

Our earnings for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 were severely impacted by higher than expected costs on projects in our Mid-Atlantic region. The excess costs, which were discovered in late September, were caused by overruns related to continued project delays, and the inefficiencies caused by those delays. We were also impacted by the costs of certain portions of our installed work requiring rework. Management is taking the following remedial actions in the Mid-Atlantic region:

We continue to closely monitor our operations in the Mid-Atlantic region and evaluate additional measures to address the project delays and increased costs.

JOBS Act

We are an emerging growth company (“EGC”) pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying companies. Under the JOBS Act, we will remain an EGC until the earliest of:

Pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act, as an EGC we elected to delay adoption of accounting pronouncements newly issued or revised after April 5, 2012 and applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective dates for new or revised accounting standards that are applicable to public companies.

Key Components of Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue principally from fixed-price construction contracts to deliver heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”), plumbing, and electrical construction services to our customers. The duration of our contracts generally ranges from six months to two years. Revenue from fixed price contracts are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the relationship of total cost incurred to total estimated contract costs (cost-to-cost method). Revenue from time and materials contracts is recognized as services are performed. We believe that our extensive experience in HVAC, plumbing, and electrical projects, and our internal cost review procedures during the bidding process, enable us to reasonably estimate costs and mitigate the risk of cost overruns on fixed price contracts.

We generally invoice customers on a monthly basis, based on a schedule of values that breaks down the contract amount into discrete billing items. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts are recorded as an asset until billable under the contract terms. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts are recorded as a liability until the related revenue is recognizable.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of the labor, equipment, material, subcontract, and other job costs in connection with fulfilling the terms of our contracts. Labor costs consist of wages plus taxes, fringe benefits, and insurance. Equipment costs consist of the ownership and operating costs of company-owned assets, in addition to outside-rented equipment. If applicable, job costs include estimated contract losses to be incurred in future periods. Due to the varied nature of our services, and the risks associated therewith, contract costs as a percentage of contract revenue have historically fluctuated and we expect this fluctuation to continue in future periods.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our administrative, estimating, human resources, safety, information technology, legal, finance and accounting employees and executives. Also included are non-personnel costs, such as travel-related expenses, legal and other professional fees and other corporate expenses to support the growth of our business and to meet the compliance requirements associated with operating as a public company. Those costs include accounting, human resources, information technology, legal personnel, additional consulting, legal and audit fees, insurance costs, board of directors’ compensation and the costs of achieving and maintaining compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Amortization of Intangibles

Amortization expense represents periodic non-cash charges that consist of amortization of various intangible assets, primarily including Construction and Service backlogs, customer relationships – service and favorable leasehold interests.

Other Income/Expense, Net

Other income/expense, net consists primarily of interest expense incurred in connection with our debt, net of interest income and gains and losses on the sale of property and equipment. Deferred financing costs are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method.

Income Taxes

The Company is taxed as a C corporation. Our financial results include the effects of federal income taxes which are paid at the parent level.

For interim periods, the provision for income taxes (including federal, state and local taxes) is calculated based on the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740 - Income Taxes, which requires the use of the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities and income or expense are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective tax bases, using enacted tax rates expected to be applicable in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes.

Operating Segments

We manage and measure the performance of our business in two operating segments: Construction and Service. These segments are reflective of how the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Makers (“CODM”) reviews its operating results for the purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Our CODM is comprised of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based on operating income, which is profit or loss from operations before “other” corporate expenses, income tax provision (benefit) and dividends, if any.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM evaluates performance based on income from operations of the respective branches after the allocation of corporate office operating expenses. In accordance with ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting, the Company has elected to aggregate all of the construction branches into one Construction reportable segment and all of the service branches into one Service reportable segment. All transactions between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Our corporate department provides general and administrative support services to our two operating segments. We allocate costs between segments for selling, general and administrative expenses and depreciation expense. Some selling, general and administrative expenses such as executive and administrative salaries and payroll, corporate marketing, corporate depreciation and amortization, consulting, and accounting and corporate legal fees are not allocated to segments because the allocation method would be arbitrary and would not provide an accurate presentation of operating results of segments; instead these types of expenses are maintained as a corporate expense. See Note 13 – Operating Segments in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

We do not identify capital expenditures and total assets by segment in our internal financial reports due in part to the shared use of a centralized fleet of vehicles and specialized equipment. Interest expense is not allocated to segments because of the corporate management of debt service including interest.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017

The following table presents operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 in dollars and expressed as a percentage of total revenue, as compared below:

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 increased by $13.8 million compared to the revenue generated for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Construction revenue increased by $13.6 million, or 14.2%, and Service revenue increased by $0.2 million, or 0.6%. The increase in Construction revenue was primarily driven by revenue increases at the Eastern Pennsylvania, New England, Southern California, Florida and Ohio regions, which were largely a result of health care, transportation and mission critical projects. These increases were partially offset by decreases in the Michigan, and Western Pennsylvania regions due to the substantial completion of four projects since the third quarter of 2017 and project write downs in the Mid-Atlantic region. Maintenance contract revenue, a component of Service revenue, was $3.6 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, an increase of $0.3 million or 9.1%.