LINCOLN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORP - Annual Report: 2006 (Form 10-K)
U.S.
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF
1934
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For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
Commission
File Number 000-51371
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New
Jersey
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57-1150621
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(State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
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(IRS
Employer Identification No.)
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200
Executive Drive, Suite 340
West
Orange, NJ 07052
(Address
of principal executive offices)
(973) 736-9340
(Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code)
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common
Stock, no par value per share
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined
in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No x
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best
of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
Large
accelerated filer o
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Accelerated
filer x
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Non-accelerated
filer o
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The
aggregate market value of the 4,445,545 shares of common stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant issued and outstanding as of June 30,
2006, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second
fiscal quarter was $75,974,364. This amount is based on the closing price of
the
common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market of $17.09 per share on June 30,
2006. Shares of common stock held by executive officers and directors and
persons who own 5% or more of outstanding common stock have been excluded since
such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status
is
not a determination for any other purpose.
The
number of shares of Registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 13, 2007
was 25,472,221.
Documents
Incorporated by Reference
Portions
of the Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on
Form 10-K. With the exception of those portions that are specifically
incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, such Proxy
Statement shall not be deemed filed as part of this Report or incorporated
by
reference herein.
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND
SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
TO
FORM 10-K
FOR
THE
FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2006
1
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ITEM
1.
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1
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ITEM
1A.
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23
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ITEM
1B.
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34
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ITEM
2.
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34
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ITEM
3.
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35
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ITEM
4.
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35
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36
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ITEM
5.
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36
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ITEM
6.
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39
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ITEM
7.
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41
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ITEM
7A.
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56
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ITEM
8
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57
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ITEM
9.
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57
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ITEM
9A.
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57
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ITEM
9B.
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57
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58
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ITEM
10.
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58
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ITEM
11.
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58
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ITEM
12.
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58
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ITEM
13.
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58
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ITEM
14.
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58
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59
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ITEM
15.
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59
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Forward-Looking
Statements
This
Form
10-K contains “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of Section 21E of
the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which include information
relating to future events, future financial performance, strategies,
expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of resources.
These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements
regarding: proposed new programs; expectations that regulatory developments
or
other matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated
financial position, results of operations or liquidity; statements concerning
projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our
business, financial and operating results and future economic performance;
and
statements of management’s goals and objectives and other similar expressions
concerning matters that are not historical facts. Words such as “may,” “should,”
“could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,”
“future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” and similar expressions,
as well as statements in future tense, identify forward-looking
statements.
Forward-looking
statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results,
and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which
such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are
based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or
management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events,
and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance
or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the
forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences
include, but are not limited to:
·
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actual
or anticipated fluctuations in our results of
operations;
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·
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our
failure to comply with the extensive regulatory framework applicable
to
our industry; or our
failure to obtain timely regulatory approvals in connection with
a change of control of our
company;
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·
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our
success in updating and expanding the content of existing programs
and
developing new programs in a cost-effective manner or on a timely
basis;
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·
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risks
associated with the opening of new
campuses;
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·
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risk
associated with integration of acquired schools;
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·
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industry
competition;
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·
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our
ability to continue to execute our growth
strategies;
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·
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conditions
and trends in our industry;
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·
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general
and economic conditions; and
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·
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other
factors discussed under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors” and
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations.”
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Forward-looking
statements speak only as of the date the statements are made. You should not
put
undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to
update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in
assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information,
except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.
PART
I.
ITEM
1.
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BUSINESS
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OVERVIEW
We
are a
leading and diversified for-profit provider of career-oriented post-secondary
education as measured by total enrollment and number of graduates. We offer
recent high school graduates and working adults degree and diploma programs
in
five principal areas of study: automotive technology, health sciences (which
includes programs in licensed practical nursing (LPN) for medical administrative
assistants, medical assistants, pharmacy technicians, medical coding and billing
and dental assisting), skilled trades, business and information technology
and
spa and culinary. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our automotive
technology program, our health science program, our skilled trades program,
our
business and information technology program, our spa and culinary program
accounted for approximately 41%, 32%, 13%, 5%, and 9%, respectively, of our
average enrollment. We had 17,167 students enrolled as of December 31, 2006
and our average enrollment for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 18,081
students, an increase of 1.2% from our average enrollment of 17,869 for the
year
ended December 31, 2005. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our
revenues were $321.5 million, which represents an increase of 7.4% from the
year ended December 31, 2005. Excluding our acquisition of Euphoria
Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences, or Euphoria, in December 2005 and New
England Institute of Technology at Palm Beach, Inc., or FLA, in May 2006, our
revenues and average enrollments would have increased by 2.3% and decreased
by
3.8%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. For the
year ended December 31, 2005, our revenues were $299.2 million, which
represents a 14.5% increase from the year ended December 31, 2004.
Excluding our acquisition of New England Technical Institute, or NETI, in
January 2005, our revenues and average enrollments would have increased by
8.1% and 3.0%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31,
2004.
As
of
December 31, 2006 we operated 37 campuses in 17 states. In 2006, we
initiated a re-branding strategy to consolidate schools under the Lincoln brand,
either Lincoln College of Technology or Lincoln Technical Institute depending
on
the state. As of January 2007, we had completed our rebranding initiative.
Our
current brands are Lincoln College of Technology (eight campuses), Lincoln
Technical Institute (twenty-one campuses), Nashville Auto-Diesel College (one
campus), Southwestern College (five campuses), and Euphoria Institute of Beauty
Arts and Sciences (two campuses). Our campuses, the majority of which serve
major metropolitan markets, are located in various areas throughout the United
States. Five of our campuses are destination schools, which attract students
from across the United States and, in some cases, from abroad. Our other
campuses primarily attract students from their local communities and surrounding
areas. All of our schools are nationally accredited and are eligible to
participate in federal financial aid programs.
On
January 11, 2005, we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used in the conduct and operation of New England Technical Institute for
approximately $18.8 million, net of cash acquired. New England Technical
Institute operates four schools in New Britain, Hamden, Shelton and Cromwell,
Connecticut and provides programs in automotive technology, health sciences,
business and information technology, skilled trades and culinary arts. This
acquisition expanded our presence in the northeastern U.S.
On
December 1, 2005, we acquired the rights, title and interest in the assets
used
in the conduct and operation of Euphoria for approximately $9.2 million, net
of
cash acquired. Euphoria operates two campuses, serving approximately 300
students in Las Vegas and Henderson, Nevada. Euphoria currently offers
certificates programs in esthetics, cosmetology and nail design.
On
March
27, 2006 we opened our new automotive campus in Queens, New York.
On
May
22, 2006, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of FLA for
approximately $40.1 million. The purchase price was $32.9 million, net of cash
acquired plus the assumption of a mortgage note for $7.2 million. FLA operates
two campuses, serving approximately 1,000 students. FLA currently offers
associates and bachelor’s degrees in various areas including automotive, skilled
trade, health science, business and information technology, and spa and
culinary. This acquisition increased the number of campuses we operate from
35
to 37.
We
believe that we provide our students with the highest quality career-oriented
training available for our areas of study in our markets. We offer programs
in
areas of study that we believe are typically underserved by traditional
providers of post-secondary education and for which we believe there exists
significant demand among students and employers. Furthermore, we believe our
convenient class scheduling, career focused curricula and emphasis on job
placement offer our students valuable advantages that have been neglected by
the
traditional academic sector. By combining substantial hands-on training with
traditional classroom-based training led by experienced instructors, we believe
we offer our students a unique opportunity to develop practical job skills
in
key areas of expected job demand. We believe these job skills enable our
students to compete effectively for employment opportunities and to pursue
on-going salary and career advancement.
Our
principal business is providing post-secondary education. Accordingly, our
operations aggregate into one reporting segment.
AVAILABLE
INFORMATION
Our
website is www.lincolneducationalservices.com.
We make
available on this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, annual proxy statement
on Schedule 14A and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably
practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the
Securities and Exchange Commission. You can access this information on our
website, free of charge, by clicking on “Investor Relations.” The information
contained on or connected to our website is not a part of this annual report
on
Form 10-K.
GROWTH
STRATEGY
Our
goal
is to strengthen our role as a leading and diversified provider of
career-oriented post-secondary education by continuing to pursue the following
growth strategies:
Expand
Existing Areas of Study and Existing Facilities.
We believe we can leverage our existing operations to capitalize on demand
from
students and employers in our local markets. We are adding new programs and
degree offerings in our current areas of study and are expanding several of
our
campus facilities.
Expand
Existing Areas of Study.
We are
expanding our program offerings in our existing areas of study by replicating
existing programs in new locations and increasing our degree offerings. In
2006
we replicated 3 programs across 3 campuses.
We
are
extending our culinary program and are opening a new facility at our Columbia,
Maryland campus, and we expect to be offering classes in the second quarter
of
2007. Similarly, we are replicating our cosmetology program and constructing
a
cosmetology facility at our Lincoln, Rhode Island campus and expect to be
offering classes in the second quarter of 2007. In total, we expect to replicate
twelve programs across 10 different campuses.
We
are
also continuing to expand our associate degree offerings. We currently offer
associate degrees at 19 of our campuses bringing the total enrollment in
associate degree programs to approximately 17.2% and 14.2% as of December 31,
2006 and 2005, respectively. In 2006, we acquired our first bachelor’s degree
program in culinary arts. We are also currently seeking approval for a
bachelor’s of technology degree at our Columbia, Maryland campus.
Expand
Existing Facilities.
We are
expanding our existing facilities and relocating other schools to expand
capacity. This will enable us
to
roll out new programs and attract more students. For example, we moved to a
new
facility in June 2004 in Indianapolis, Indiana which accommodates 2,000
students and nearly doubled our capacity in that city. This additional space
allowed us to grow our student population and further diversify our product
offerings. We moved into a new 40,000 square foot facility in October 2004
in Lincoln, Rhode Island which allowed us to consolidate facilities into one
location and more than double our classroom space. Operationally, these new
facilities are more efficient to manage and will accommodate increased
enrollments and programs. In October 2005, we acquired an additional 100,000
square foot facility in Grand Prairie, Texas, which combined with our existing
facility, tripled the size of the original 50,000 square foot facility. We
opened this new facility in the second quarter of 2006 and combined with the
existing school will be able to serve approximately 2,200 students.
Expand
Existing Geographic Markets.
We are
expanding our Euphoria campus in the north end of Las Vegas which will enable
us
to better serve fast growing city.
Enter
New Geographic Markets and New Areas of Study. We
believe we can increase our student enrollments by entering selected new
geographic markets and new areas of study. We target new markets and areas
of
study that we believe have significant growth potential and where we can
leverage our reputation and operating expertise. We expect that our entrance
into new geographic markets and areas of study will increase our diversification
and potential for future program expansion.
Evaluate
New Geographic Markets.
We
continuously search for entry into markets where we can start new schools.
Our
most recent start-up is the partnership with the Greater New York Area
Automobile Dealers Association which offers programs in automotive technology.
We opened the school on March 27, 2006. In addition, we expanded our presence
in
the New England and Las Vegas markets in 2005 as a result of our acquisitions
of
NETI and Euphoria, and in 2006 we entered the Florida market with the
acquisition of FLA.
Evaluate
New Areas of Study.
We
continuously search for new, high-growth areas of study that are in demand
by
students and employers. We typically require six to 18 months to develop
new programs and to obtain necessary regulatory approvals. On January 11,
2005, we acquired NETI which has subsequently been re-branded Lincoln College
of
Technology. NETI offers programs in culinary arts and nursing, which were new
programs for us. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we acquired Euphoria
which
provided us with new programs including cosmetology, esthetics, hair design
and
nail technician. In 2005 we also introduced a new program for dental assistants
in Lincoln, Rhode Island. In 2006, we launched Health Information Technology
and
Criminal Justice programs both on ground and online. We expect to roll these
programs out to additional campuses in 2007.
We
are
developing several other new programs in the health sciences, business and
information technology and skilled trades, and some of these programs are
expected to be approved for offering in 2007.
Opportunistically
Pursue Strategic Acquisitions. We
continue to evaluate attractive acquisition candidates. In evaluating potential
acquisitions, we seek to identify schools with the potential for program
replication at our existing campuses, new areas of study, new markets with
attractive growth opportunities and advanced degree programs. We also look
for
schools whose operations we can improve by leveraging our sales and marketing
expertise, business management systems and our experienced management team.
Introduce
Online Education Alternatives. We
recently launched our online initiative to capitalize on the rapidly growing
demand for, and flexibility provided by, online education alternatives.
Initially, we were offering some of our diploma graduates the opportunity to
earn their associate degree online and in June 2006 we launched our first 100%
online program. In December 2006, we launched our second 100% online program,
and we anticipate launching three to five more programs in 2007. We believe
that
our online initiatives will broaden our addressable market and be an attractive
option for students without the geographic or financial flexibility to enroll
in
campus-based programs.
PROGRAMS
AND AREAS OF STUDY
We
structure our program offerings to provide our students with a practical,
career-oriented education and position them for attractive entry-level job
opportunities in their chosen fields. Our programs are designed to be completed
in 14 to 105 weeks. Tuition for programs ranges from $4,100 to $33,500,
depending on the length of the program and the area of study. All of our schools
offer diploma and certificate programs, 19 of our schools are currently approved
to offer associate degree programs and one school is approved to offer a
bachelor’s degree program. In order to accommodate the schedules of our students
and maximize classroom utilization, we typically offer courses five days a
week
in three shifts a day and start new classes every month. We update and expand
our programs frequently to reflect the latest technological advances in the
field, providing our students with the specific skills and knowledge required
in
the current marketplace. Classroom instruction combines lectures and
demonstrations by our experienced faculty with comprehensive hands-on laboratory
exercises in simulated workplace environments.
The
following table lists the programs offered and the average number of students
enrolled in each area of study as of December 31, 2006.
Program
Offered
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Area
of Study
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Bachelor
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Associate
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Diploma
or Certificate
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Average
Enrollment
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Percent
of Total Enrollment
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Automotive
Technology
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-
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Auto
Service Management, Collision Repair, Diesel Technology, Diesel &
Truck Service Management
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Automotive
Mechanics, Automotive Technology, Collision Repair, Diesel Truck
Mechanics, Diesel Technology, Diesel & Truck Technology, Master
Automotive Technology
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7,288
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41%
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Health
Sciences
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-
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Medical
Assisting Technology, Medical Administrative Assistant
Technology
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Medical
Administrative Assisting, Medical Assisting, Pharmacy Technology,
Medical
Billing and Coding, Dental Assisting, Licensed Practical
Nurse
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5,863
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32%
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Skilled
Trades
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-
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Mechanical
/ Architectural Drafting, Electronics Engineering Technology,
HVAC
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Electronic
Servicing, Electronics Engineering Technology, Electronics System
Technology, HVAC, Mechanical / Architectural Drafting,
Electrician
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2,440
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13%
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Spa
and Culinary
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Culinary
Management
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Culinary
Arts
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Culinary
Arts, Baking & Pastry, Cosmetology, Esthetics, Nail Technician,
Therapeutic, Massage & Body Technology
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1,659
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9%
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Business
and Information Technology
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-
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PC
Systems & Networking Technology, Network Systems Administration,
Business Administration, Criminal Justice
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Business
Administration, Graphic Web Design, Network Systems Administrating,
PC
Support Technology, Criminal Justice
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831
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5%
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Total:
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18,081
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100%
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Automotive
Technology. Automotive
technology represents our largest area of study, with 41% of our average student
enrollments for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our automotive technology
programs are 24 to 105 weeks in length, with tuition rates of $9,750 to $33,500.
We believe we are a leading provider of automotive technology education in
each
of our local markets. Graduates of our programs are qualified to obtain entry
level employment ranging from positions as technicians and mechanics to various
apprentice level positions. Our graduates are employed by a wide variety of
employers, ranging from automotive and diesel dealers, independent auto body
paint and repair shops, to trucking and construction companies.
We
have
an arrangement with BMW that offers our automotive technology students the
opportunity to work for BMW through the Service Technician Education Program
(STEP). The STEP program is a "graduate" school program for individuals who
have
successfully earned an automotive certification either at one of our schools
or
any of our competitor's schools. Students who are admitted to the STEP program
have their tuition paid by BMW and upon successfully completing the program
are
typically employed as BMW mechanics. The BMW STEP program commenced at our
Columbia, Maryland facility in 2004. Our arrangement with BMW signifies our
high
quality education capabilities and is an attractive marketing
program.
All
of
our Lincoln Technical Institute schools, with the exception of our Allentown,
Pennsylvania campus, offer programs in automotive technology in addition to
other technical programs. Lincoln Technical Institute (formerly Denver
Automotive & Diesel College) and Nashville Auto-Diesel College which we
acquired in 2000 and 2003, respectively, currently offer programs exclusively
in
automotive technology. Denver Automotive & Diesel College, Nashville
Auto-Diesel College, our Columbia, Maryland Lincoln Technical Institute school
and our Indianapolis, Indiana Lincoln Technical Institute schools are
destination schools, attracting students from throughout the United States
and,
in some cases, from abroad.
Health
Sciences. For
the year ended December 31, 2006, health sciences represented our second
largest area of study, representing 32% of our total average enrollments. Our
health science programs are 30 to 68 weeks in length, with tuition rates of
$10,720 to $23,400. Graduates of our programs are qualified to obtain positions
such as licensed practical nurses, medical administrative assistant, EKG
technician, claims examiner and pharmacy technician. Our graduates are employed
by a wide variety of employers, including hospitals, laboratories, insurance
companies, doctors' offices and pharmacies. Our medical assistant and medical
administrative assistant programs are our largest health science programs.
We
offer
health science programs at most of our Lincoln College of Technology schools,
Southwestern College and our Allentown, Pennsylvania and Melrose, Illinois
Lincoln Technical Institute schools as well as select New England Technical
Institute schools.
Skilled
Trades. For
the year ended December 31, 2006, 13% of our average student enrollments
were in our skilled trades programs. Our skilled trades programs are 45 to
91
weeks in length, with tuition rates of $15,000 to $27,900. Our skilled trades
programs include heating, ventilation and air conditioning repair, drafting
and
computer-aided design and electronic system technician. Graduates of our
programs are qualified to obtain entry level employment positions such as cable,
wiring and HVAC installers and servicers and drafting technicians. Our graduates
are employed by a wide variety of employers, including residential and
commercial telecommunications companies and architectural firms.
We
created our own in-house electronic system technician program in 2001 with
the
assistance of two industry groups, Electronic Systems Technician Consortium
and
the National Center for Construction Education and Research. We have introduced
our electronic system technician program to six of our campuses and plan to
expand it to additional campuses. Students in these programs are trained to
install and service equipment such as alarm systems, cable infrastructure,
home
entertainment systems, fiber-optic wiring in homes and offices, and satellite
and telecommunication systems.
We
offer
skilled trades programs at nine of our twenty-one Lincoln Technical Institute
campuses.
Spa
and Culinary. For
the year ended December 31, 2006, 9% of our average student enrollments
were in our spa and culinary programs. Our spa and culinary programs are 14
to
97 weeks in length, with tuition rates of $4,100 to $27,300.
Business
and Information Technology. For
the year ended December 31, 2006, 5% of our average student enrollments
were in our business and information technology programs. Our business and
information technology programs are 30 to 96 weeks in length, with tuition
rates
of $12,000 to $27,165. We experienced a decline in our business and information
technology programs between the years 2000 and 2006 due to weakness in
the
economy
and reduced demand for IT professionals. We have since developed our in-house
electronic system technician and health science programs in 2001 and 2002,
respectively. We remain committed to the IT industry and expect it to grow,
especially as the economy recovers and business investment in hardware and
software increases with rapid technological advancement of computer
applications. We have focused our current program offerings on those that are
most in demand, such as our PC systems technician, network systems administrator
and business administration specialist programs.
MARKETING
AND STUDENT RECRUITMENT
We
utilize a variety of marketing and recruiting methods to attract students and
increase enrollments. Our marketing and recruiting efforts are targeted at
potential students who are entering the workforce, or who are underemployed
or
unemployed and require additional training to enter or re-enter the
workforce.
Marketing. Our
marketing program utilizes media advertising such as television, the Internet,
and various print media and is enhanced by referrals. We continuously monitor
and adjust the focus of our marketing efforts to maximize efficiency and
minimize our student acquisition costs.
Media. Our
media advertising is directed primarily at attracting students from the local
areas in which our schools operate. Television advertising, which is coordinated
by a national buyer, is our most successful medium. Systems we have developed
enable us to closely monitor and track the effectiveness of each advertisement
on a daily or weekly basis and make adjustments accordingly. The Internet is
our
second most successful medium and its effectiveness is continuously increasing.
We also advertise via direct mail, in telephone directories and in
newspapers.
Referrals. Referrals
from current students, high school counselors and satisfied graduates and their
employers have historically represented over 20% of our new enrollments. Our
school administrators actively work with our current students to encourage
them
to recommend our programs to potential students. We continue to build strong
relationships with high school guidance counselors and instructors by offering
annual seminars at our training facilities to further educate these individuals
on the strengths of our programs. Graduates who have gone on to enjoy success
in
the workforce frequently recommend our programs, as do local business owners
who
are pleased with the performance of our graduates whom they have
hired.
Recruiting. Our
recruiting efforts are conducted by a group of approximately 331 field- and
campus-based representatives who meet directly with potential students during
presentations conducted at high schools, in the potential student's home or
during a visit to one of our campuses.
Field-Based
Recruiting. Our
field-based recruiting representatives make presentations at high schools to
attract students to both our local and destination campuses. Our field-based
representatives also visit directly with potential students in their homes.
During 2006, we have recruited approximately 18% of our students directly out
of
high school.
Campus-Recruiting. When
a potential student is identified through our marketing and recruiting efforts,
one of our representatives is paired with the potential student to follow up
on
an individual basis. Our media advertisements contain a unique
toll-free
number
and our telephone system automatically directs the call to the campus nearest
the caller. At this point, a recruiting representative will respond to the
inquiry, typically within 24 hours. The representatives are trained to explain
in detail the opportunities available within each program, schedule an
appointment for the potential student to visit the school and tour the school's
facilities.
STUDENT
ADMISSIONS, ENROLLMENT AND RETENTION
Admissions. In
order to attend our schools, students must complete an application and pass
an
entry examination. While each of our programs has different admissions criteria,
we screen all applications and counsel the students on the most appropriate
program to increase the likelihood that our students complete the requisite
coursework and obtain and sustain employment following graduation.
Enrollment. We
enroll students continuously throughout the year, with our largest classes
enrolling in late summer or early fall following high school graduation. We
had
17,167 students enrolled as of December 31, 2006 and our average enrollment
for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 18,081 students, an increase of
1.2% from December 31, 2005. Excluding our acquisition of Euphoria in
December 2005 and FLA in May 2006, our average enrollments would have
decreased by 3.8%. Our average enrollment for the year ended December 31,
2005 was 17,869 students, an increase of 9.9% from December 31, 2004.
Excluding our acquisition of NETI in January 2005, our average enrollments
would have increased by 3.0%.
Retention. To
maximize student retention, the staff at each school is trained to recognize
the
early warning signs of a potential drop and to assist and advise students on
academic, financial, employment and personal matters. We monitor our retention
rates by instructor, course, program and school. When we notice that a
particular instructor or program is experiencing a higher than normal dropout
rate, we quickly seek to determine the cause of the problem and attempt to
correct it. When we notice that a student is having trouble academically, we
offer tutoring.
JOB
PLACEMENT
We
believe that securing employment for our graduates is critical to our ability
to
attract high quality students. In addition, high job placement rates result
in
low student loan default rates, an important requirement for continued
participation in Title IV Programs. See "Regulatory Environment—Regulation of
Federal Student Financial Aid Programs." Accordingly, we dedicate significant
resources to maintaining an effective graduate placement program. Our
non-destination schools work closely with local employers to ensure that we
are
training students with skills that employers want. Each school has an advisory
council made up of local employers who provide us with direct feedback on how
well we are preparing our students to succeed in the workplace. This enables
us
to tailor our programs to the market. For example, part of a student's grade
is
dependent upon attendance and appearance because employers want their employees
to be punctual and to have a professional appearance. The placement staff in
each of our destination schools maintains databases of potential employers
throughout the country, allowing us to place students in their career field
upon
graduation. We also have internship programs that provide our students with
opportunities to work with employers prior to graduation. For example, some
of
the students in our automotive programs have the opportunity to complete a
portion of their hands-on training while working with a potential employer.
In
addition, some of our allied health students are required to participate in
an
internship program during which they work in the field as part of their career
training.
Students
that participate in these programs often go on to work for the same business
upon graduation. We also assist students with resume writing, interviewing
and
other job search skills.
FACULTY
AND EMPLOYEES
We
hire
our faculty in accordance with established criteria, including relevant work
experience, educational background and accreditation and state regulatory
standards. We require meaningful industry experience of our teaching staff
in
order to maintain the quality of instruction in all of our programs and to
address current and industry-specific issues in our course content. In addition,
we provide intensive instructional training and continuing education, including
quarterly instructional development seminars, annual reviews, technical upgrade
training, faculty development plans and weekly staff meetings.
The
staff
of each school typically includes a school director, a director of graduate
placement, an education director, a director of student services, a
financial-aid director, an accounting manager, a director of admissions and
instructors, all of whom are industry professionals with experience in our
areas
of study.
As
of
December 31, 2006, we had approximately 2,862 employees, including 725
full-time faculty and 400 part-time instructors and, at six of our campuses,
the
teaching professionals are represented by unions. These employees are covered
by
collective bargaining agreements that expire between 2007 through 2011, except
for one agreement which we are currently negotiating. We believe that we have
good relationships with these unions and our employees.
We
have
had no work stoppages at any of our campuses in the past
22 years.
COMPETITION
The
for-profit, post-secondary education industry is highly competitive and highly
fragmented, with no one provider controlling significant market share. Direct
competition between career-oriented schools and traditional four-year colleges
or universities is limited. Thus, our main competitors are other for-profit,
career-oriented schools, as well as public and private two-year junior and
community colleges. Competition is generally based on location, the type of
programs offered, the quality of instruction, placement rates, reputation,
recruiting and tuition rates. Public institutions are generally able to charge
lower tuition than our schools, due in part to government subsidies and other
financial sources not available to for-profit schools. In addition, some of
our
private competitors have a more extended or dense network of schools and
campuses than we do, which enables them to recruit students more efficiently
from a wider geographic area. Nevertheless, we believe that we are able to
compete effectively in our local markets because of the diversity of our program
offerings, quality of instruction, the strength of our brands, our reputation
and our success in placing students with employers.
We
compete with every institution that is eligible to receive Title IV funding.
This includes four-year, not-for-profit public and private colleges and
universities, community colleges and all for-profit institutions whether they
are four years, two years or less. Our competition differs in each
market depending on the curriculum that we offer. For example, a school offering
automotive, allied health and skilled trades programs will have a different
group of competitors than a school offering allied health, business/IT and
skilled trades. Also, because schools can add new programs within six to
twelve months, new competitors can emerge relatively quickly. Moreover,
with the introduction of online learning, the number of competitors in each
market has increased because students can now stay local but learn from a
non-local institution.
Notwithstanding
the above, today we mainly compete with community colleges and other career
schools, both for-profit and not-for-profit. We focus on programs that are
in
high demand. We compete against community colleges by seeking to offer more
frequent start dates, more flexible hours, better instructional resources,
more
hands on training, shorter program length and greater assistance with job
placement. We compete against the other career schools by seeking to offer
a
higher quality of education, higher quality instructional equipment and a better
overall value. On average, each of our schools has at least three direct
competitors and at least a dozen indirect competitors. As we continue to add
courses and degree programs, our addressable market increases and thus we face
increased competition.
ENVIRONMENTAL
MATTERS
We
use
hazardous materials at our training facilities and campuses, and generate small
quantities of waste such as used oil, antifreeze, paint and car batteries.
As a
result, our facilities and operations are subject to a variety of environmental
laws and regulations governing, among other things, the use, storage and
disposal of solid and hazardous substances and waste, and the clean-up of
contamination at our facilities or off-site locations to which we send or have
sent waste for disposal. We are also required to obtain permits for our air
emissions, and to meet operational and maintenance requirements. In the event
we
do not maintain compliance with any of these laws and regulations, or are
responsible for a spill or release of hazardous materials, we could incur
significant costs for clean-up, damages, and fines or penalties.
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
Students
attending our schools finance their education through a combination of family
contributions, individual resources, private loans and federal financial aid
programs. Each of our schools participates in the federal programs of student
financial aid authorized under Title IV Programs, which are administered by
the DOE. For the year ended December 31, 2006, approximately 80.1%
(calculated based on cash receipts) of our revenues were derived from the
Title IV Programs. Students obtain access to federal student financial aid
through a DOE prescribed application and eligibility certification process.
Student financial aid funds are generally made available to students at
prescribed intervals throughout their predetermined expected length of study.
Students typically use the funds received from the federal financial aid
programs to pay their tuition and fees. The transfer of funds from the financial
aid programs are to the student, who then applies those funds to the cost of
their education.
In
connection with the students' receipt of federal financial aid, our schools
are
subject to extensive regulation by governmental agencies and licensing and
accrediting bodies. In particular, the Title IV Programs, and the
regulations issued thereafter by the DOE, subject us to significant regulatory
scrutiny in the form of numerous standards that each of our schools must satisfy
in order to participate in the various federal student financial aid programs.
To participate in the Title IV Programs, a school must be authorized to
offer its programs of instruction by the applicable state education agencies
in
the states in which it is physically located, be accredited by an accrediting
commission recognized by the DOE and be certified as an eligible institution
by
the DOE. The DOE defines an eligible institution to consist of both a main
campus and its additional locations, if any. Each of our schools is either
a
main campus or an additional location of a main campus. Each of our schools
is
subject to extensive regulatory requirements imposed by state education
agencies, accrediting commissions, and the DOE. Our schools also participate
in
other federal and state financial aid programs that assist students in paying
the cost of their education.
State
Authorization
Each
of
our schools must be authorized by the applicable education agencies in the
states in which the school is physically located and, in some cases other
states, in order to operate and to grant degrees, diplomas or certificates
to
its students. State agency authorization is also required in each state in
which
a school is physically located in order for the school to become and remain
eligible to participate in Title IV Programs. Currently, each of our
schools is authorized by the applicable state education agencies in the states
in which the school is physically located and in which it recruits students.
Our
schools are subject to extensive, ongoing regulation by each of these states.
State laws typically establish standards for instruction, qualifications of
faculty, location and nature of facilities and equipment, administrative
procedures, marketing, recruiting, financial operations and other operational
matters. State laws and regulations may limit our ability to offer educational
programs and to award degrees, diplomas or certificates. Some states prescribe
standards of financial responsibility that are different from, and in certain
cases more stringent than, those prescribed by the DOE. Some states require
schools to post a surety bond. Currently, we have posted surety bonds on behalf
of our schools and education representatives with multiple states in a total
amount of approximately $12.2 million. These bonds are backed by
$2.4 million of letters of credit.
If
any of
our schools fail to comply with state licensing requirements, they are subject
to the loss of state licensure or accreditation. If any one of our schools
lost
its authorization from the education agency of the state in which the school
is
located, that school and its related main campus and/or
additional locations would lose its eligibility to participate in Title IV
Programs, be unable to offer its programs and we could be forced to close that
school. If one of our schools lost its state authorization from a state other
than the state in which the school is located, the school would not be able
to
recruit students in that state. We believe that each of our schools is in
substantial compliance with the applicable education agency requirements in
each
state in which it is physically located.
Due
to
state budget constraints in other states in which we operate, it is possible
that those states may reduce the number of employees in, or curtail the
operations of, the state education agencies that authorize our schools. A delay
or refusal by any state education agency in approving any changes in our
operations that require state approval could prevent us from making such changes
or could delay our ability to make such changes.
Accreditation
Accreditation
is a non-governmental process through which a school submits to ongoing
qualitative and quantitative review by an organization of peer institutions.
Accrediting commissions primarily examine the academic quality of the school's
instructional programs, and a grant of accreditation is generally viewed as
confirmation that the school's programs meet generally accepted academic
standards. Accrediting commissions also review the administrative and financial
operations of the schools they accredit to ensure that each school has the
resources necessary to perform its educational mission.
Accreditation
by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE is required for an
institution to be certified to participate in Title IV Programs. In order
to be recognized by the DOE, accrediting commissions must adopt specific
standards for their review of educational institutions. Fifteen of our campuses
are accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges
of
Technology or ACCSCT, and twenty-one of our campuses are accredited by the
Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools, or ACICS. Both of
these accrediting commissions are recognized by the DOE. The following is a
list
of the dates in which each campus was accredited by its accrediting commission
and the date by which its accreditation must be renewed.
Accrediting
Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology Reaccreditation
Dates
School
|
Last
Accreditation Letter
|
Next
Accreditation
|
||
Philadelphia,
PA
|
December 4,
2003
|
May 1,
2008
|
||
Union,
NJ
|
June 4,
2004
|
February 1,
2009
|
||
Mahwah,
NJ*
|
December
9, 2004
|
August 1,
2009
|
||
Melrose
Park, IL
|
March
11, 2005
|
November 1,
2009
|
||
Denver,
CO
|
September
8, 2006
|
February 1,
2011
|
||
Columbia,
MD
|
March 6,
2002
|
February 1,
2012
|
||
Grand
Prairie, TX
|
September 7,
2001
|
September 7,
2006****
|
||
Allentown,
PA
|
December 9,
2002
|
January 1,
2007***
|
||
Nashville,
TN
|
June
3, 2002
|
May 1,
2007***
|
||
Indianapolis,
IN
|
December 9,
2002
|
November 1,
2007
|
||
New
Britain, CT
|
June
6, 2003
|
January 1,
2008
|
||
Shelton,
CT**
|
September 3,
2004
|
September 1,
2008
|
||
Cromwell,
CT**
|
November 22,
2004
|
November 1,
2011
|
||
Hamden,
CT**
|
March
4, 2003
|
July 1,
2007***
|
||
Queens*
|
June
30, 2006
|
June
30, 2008
|
*
|
Branch
campus of main campus in Union, NJ
|
**
|
Branch
campus of main campus in New Britain,
CT
|
***
|
Currently
going through re-accreditation
|
****
|
Reviewed
at February 2007 ACCSCT Commission
meeting
|
Accrediting
Council for Independent Colleges and Schools Reaccreditation
Dates
School
|
Last
Accreditation Letter
|
Next
Accreditation
|
||
Brockton,
MA****
|
April 14,
2005
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Henderson,
NV****
|
April 14,
2005
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Lincoln,
RI
|
April 14,
2005
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Lowell,
MA**
|
December 7,
2004
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Somerville,
MA
|
December 7,
2004
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Philadelphia
(Center City), PA*
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Edison,
NJ
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Marietta,
GA****
|
April 14,
2005
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Mt.
Laurel, NJ*
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Norcross,
GA****
|
April 14,
2005
|
December 31,
2008
|
||
Paramus,
NJ*
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Philadelphia
(Northeast), PA*
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Plymouth
Meeting, PA*
|
April 30,
2003
|
December 31,
2006*****
|
||
Dayton,
OH
|
April 14,
2006
|
December 31,
2009
|
||
Cincinnati
(Vine Street), OH***
|
April 14,
2006
|
December 31,
2009
|
||
Cincinnati
(Northland Blvd.), OH***
|
April 14,
2006
|
December 31,
2009
|
||
Franklin,
OH***
|
April 14,
2006
|
December 31,
2009
|
||
Florence,
KY***
|
April 14,
2006
|
December 31,
2009
|
||
West
Palm Beach, FL
|
December
11, 2006
|
December
31, 2008
|
||
Summerlin,
NV
|
December
9, 2006
|
October
31, 2007
|
||
Green
Valley, NV
|
December
9, 2006
|
October
31, 2007
|
*
|
Branch
campus of main campus in Edison, NJ
|
**
|
Branch
campus of main campus in Somerville,
MA
|
***
|
Branch
campus of main campus in Dayton, OH
|
****
|
Branch
campus of main campus in Lincoln,
RI
|
*****
|
To
be reviewed at April 2007 commission
meeting
|
If
one of
our schools fails to comply with accrediting commission requirements, the
institution and its main and/or branch campuses are subject to the loss of
accreditation. If any one of our schools lost its accreditation, students
attending that school would no longer be eligible to receive Title IV
Program funding, and we could be forced to close that school. Our Cincinnati
(Vine Street), OH, and Franklin, OH, campuses are currently required to submit
retention data to the ACICS. Any institution required to submit retention
data to the ACICS is required to obtain prior permission from the ACICS for
the
initiation of any new program.
Nature
of Federal and State Support for Post-Secondary
Education
The
federal government provides a substantial part of the support for post-secondary
education through Title IV Programs, in the form of grants and loans to
students who can use those funds at any institution that has been certified
as
eligible by the DOE. Most aid under Title IV Programs is awarded on the
basis of financial need, generally defined as the difference between the cost
of
attending the
institution and the expected amount a student and his or her family can
reasonably contribute to that cost. All recipients of Title IV Program
funds must maintain a satisfactory grade point average and progress in a timely
manner toward completion of their program of study. In addition, each school
must ensure that Title IV Program funds are properly accounted for and
disbursed in the correct amounts to eligible students.
Students
at our schools receive grants and loans to fund their education under the
following Title IV Programs: (1) the Federal Family Education Loan
program, (2) the Federal Pell Grant, or Pell, program, (3) the Federal
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant program, and (4) the Federal
Perkins Loan, or Perkins, program.
Federal
Family Education Loan. Under
the Federal Family Education Loan program, banks and other lending institutions
make loans to students or their parents. If a student or parent defaults on
a
loan, payment is guaranteed by a federally recognized guaranty agency, which
is
then reimbursed by the DOE. Students with financial need qualify for interest
subsidies while in school and during grace periods. For the year ended
December 31, 2006, we derived approximately 58% of our Title IV
revenues (calculated based on cash receipts) from the Federal Family Education
Loan program.
Pell. Under
the Pell program, the DOE makes grants to students who demonstrate the greatest
financial need. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we derived
approximately 16% of our revenues (calculated based on cash receipts) from
the
Pell program.
Federal
Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant. The
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant program grants are designed
to supplement Pell grants for students with the greatest financial needs. An
institution is required to make a 25% matching contribution for all funds
received from the DOE under this program. For the year ended December 31,
2006, we received less than 1% of our revenues (calculated based on cash
receipts) from the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
program.
Perkins. Perkins
loans are made from a revolving institutional account, 75% of which is
capitalized by the DOE and the remainder by the institution. Each institution
is
responsible for collecting payments on Perkins loans from its former students
and lending those funds to currently enrolled students. Defaults by students
on
their Perkins loans reduce the amount of funds available in the applicable
school's revolving account to make loans to additional students, but the school
does not have any obligation to guarantee the loans or repay the defaulted
amounts. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we derived less than 1% of
our revenues (calculated based on cash receipts) from the Perkins
program.
Other
Financial Assistance Programs
Some
of
our students receive financial aid from federal sources other than Title IV
Programs, such as the programs administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and under the Workforce Investment Act. In addition, many states also
provide financial aid to our students in the form of grants, loans or
scholarships. The eligibility requirements for state financial aid and these
other federal aid programs vary among the funding agencies and by program.
Several states that provide financial aid to our students are facing significant
budgetary constraints. We believe that the overall level of state financial
aid
for our students is likely to decrease in the near term, but we cannot predict
how significant any such reductions will be or how long they will
last.
In
addition to Title IV and other government-administered programs, all of our
schools are eligible to participate in alternative loan programs for their
students. Alternative loans fill the gap between what the student receives
from
all financial aid sources and what the student may need to cover the
full
cost of
their education. Students or their parents can apply to a number of different
lenders for this funding at current market interest rates.
Reorganization
We
were
founded in 1946 as Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc. In February 2003,
we reorganized our corporate structure to create a holding company, Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation. The ownership of Lincoln Educational Services
Corporation was identical to that of Lincoln Technical Institute, Inc.
immediately prior to this reorganization. We subsequently began operating our
entire organization under the Lincoln Educational Services Corporation name;
however, before this reorganization, all of our interaction with the DOE, state
and federal regulators and accrediting agencies was conducted by Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc.
Regulation
of Federal Student Financial Aid Programs
To
participate in Title IV Programs, an institution must be authorized to
offer its programs by the relevant state education agencies, be accredited
by an
accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified as eligible by
the
DOE. The DOE will certify an institution to participate in Title IV
Programs only after the institution has demonstrated compliance with the Higher
Education Act and the DOE's extensive regulations regarding institutional
eligibility. The DOE defines an institution to consist of both a main campus
and
its additional locations, if any. Under this definition, for DOE purposes,
we
have the following 15 institutions, collectively consisting of 15 main
campuses and 21 additional locations:
Brand
|
Main
Campus (es)
|
Additional
Location (s)
|
||
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
Union,
NJ
|
Mahwah,
NJ
|
||
Queens,
NY
|
||||
Philadelphia,
PA
|
||||
Columbia,
MD
|
||||
Grand
Prairie, TX
|
||||
Allentown,
PA
|
||||
Edison,
NJ
|
Mount
Laurel, NJ
|
|||
Paramus,
NJ
|
||||
Philadelphia,
PA (Center City)
|
||||
Plymouth
Meeting, PA
|
||||
Northeast
Philadelphia, PA
|
||||
Somerville,
MA
|
Lowell,
MA
|
|||
Brockton,
MA
|
||||
Lincoln,
RI
|
Norcross,
GA*
|
|||
Marietta,
GA*
|
||||
Henderson,
NV*
|
||||
Henderson,
NV (Green Valley)**
|
||||
Las
Vegas, NV (Summerlin)**
|
||||
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
Indianapolis,
IN
|
|||
Melrose
Park, IL
|
||||
Denver,
CO
|
||||
New
Britain, CT
|
Shelton,CT
|
|||
Cromwell,
CT
|
||||
Hamden,
CT
|
||||
West
Palm Beach, FL
|
West
Palm Beach, FL (Culinary)***
|
|||
Nashville
Auto Diesel College
|
Nashville,
TN
|
|||
Southwestern
College of Technology
|
Dayton,
OH
|
Cincinnati,
OH (Vine Street)
|
||
Franklin,
OH
|
||||
Cincinnati,
OH (Northland Blvd.)
|
||||
Florence,
KY
|
*
|
These
campuses are Lincoln College of Technology
brands.
|
**
|
These
campuses are Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts & Sciences
brands.
|
***
|
This
campus is Florida Culinary Institute brand.
|
All
of
our main campuses, including their additional locations, are currently certified
by the DOE to participate in Title IV Programs. Southwestern College
received an executed provisional program participation agreement from the DOE.
In connection with our acquisition of New England Technical Institute, Euphoria
Institute of Beauty Arts & Sciences, and New England Institute of Technology
at Palm Beach, we have received an executed provisional program participation
agreement from the DOE.
The
DOE,
accrediting commissions and state education agencies have responsibilities
for
overseeing compliance of schools with Title IV Program requirements. As a
result, each of our schools is subject to detailed oversight and review, and
must comply with a complex framework of laws and regulations. Because the DOE
periodically revises its regulations and changes its interpretation of existing
laws and regulations, we cannot predict with certainty how the Title IV
Program requirements will be applied in all circumstances.
Significant
factors relating to Title IV Programs that could adversely affect us
include the following:
Congressional
Action. Political
and budgetary concerns significantly affect Title IV Programs. Congress
must reauthorize the Higher Education Act approximately every five years.
Recently, Congress temporarily extended the provisions of the Higher Education
Act, or HEA, pending completion of the formal reauthorization process. In
February 2006, Congress enacted the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which
contained a number of provisions affecting Title IV Programs, including some
provisions that had been in the HEA reauthorization bills. We believe that,
in
2007, Congress will either complete the reauthorization of the HEA or further
extend additional provisions of the HEA. Numerous changes to the HEA are likely
to result from any further reauthorization and, possibly, from any extension
of
the remaining provisions of the HEA, but at this time we cannot predict all
of
the changes the Congress will ultimately make.
In
addition, Congress reviews and determines federal appropriations for
Title IV Programs on an annual basis. Congress can also make changes in the
laws affecting Title IV Programs in the annual appropriations bills and in
other laws it enacts between the Higher Education Act reauthorizations. Because
a significant percentage of our revenues are derived from Title IV
Programs, any action by Congress that significantly reduces Title IV
Program funding or the ability of our schools or students to participate in
Title IV Programs could reduce our student enrollment and our revenues.
Congressional action may also increase our administrative costs and require
us
to modify our practices in order for our schools to comply fully with
Title IV Program requirements.
The
"90/10 Rule." A
proprietary institution, such as each of our institutions, loses its eligibility
to participate in Title IV Programs if, based on cash receipts, it derives
more than 90% of its revenues for any fiscal year from Title IV Programs.
Any institution that violates this rule becomes ineligible to participate in
Title IV Programs as of the first day of the fiscal year following the
fiscal year in which it exceeds 90%, and is unable to apply to regain its
eligibility until the next fiscal year. If one of our institutions violated
the
90/10 Rule and became ineligible to participate in Title IV Programs
but continued to disburse Title IV Program funds, the DOE would require the
institution to repay all Title IV Program funds received by the institution
after the effective date of the loss of eligibility.
We
have
calculated that, for each of our 2006, 2005 and 2004 fiscal years, none of
our
institutions derived more than 86.9% of its revenues from Title IV
Programs. For our 2006 fiscal year, our institutions' 90/10 Rule
percentages ranged from 72.1% to 86.9%. We regularly monitor
compliance
with
this requirement to minimize the risk that any of our institutions would derive
more than the maximum percentage of its revenues from Title IV Programs for
any fiscal year.
Student
Loan Defaults. An
institution may lose its eligibility to participate in some or all Title IV
Programs if the rates at which the institution's current and former students
default on their federal student loans exceed specified percentages. The DOE
calculates these rates based on the number of students who have defaulted,
not
the dollar amount of such defaults. The DOE calculates an institution's cohort
default rate on an annual basis as the rate at which borrowers scheduled to
begin repayment on their loans in one year default on those loans by the end
of
the next year. An institution whose Federal Family Education Loan cohort default
rate is 25% or greater for three consecutive federal fiscal years (which
correspond to our fiscal years) loses eligibility to participate in the Federal
Family Education Loan and Pell programs for the remainder of the federal fiscal
year in which the DOE determines that such institution has lost its eligibility
and for the two subsequent federal fiscal years. An institution whose Federal
Family Education Loan cohort default rate for any single federal fiscal year
exceeds 40% may have its eligibility to participate in all Title IV
Programs limited, suspended or terminated by the DOE.
None
of
our institutions has had a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default rate
of
25% or greater for any of the federal fiscal years 2004, 2003 and 2002, the
three most recent years for which the DOE has published such rates. Nine of
our
15 institutions (which include 23 of 32 campuses) had default rates less than
10% for these years. Based on the recent reconciliation bill, these 23 campuses
are eligible to disburse loans without waiting the initial 30 days. The
following table sets forth the Federal Family Education Loan cohort default
rates for each of our 15 DOE numbered institutions for those fiscal
years.
Institution
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
|||
Union,
NJ
|
7.60%
|
7.10%
|
5.90%
|
|||
Indianapolis,
IN
|
7.90%
|
7.90%
|
8.41%
|
|||
Philadelphia,
PA
|
12.80%
|
15.40%
|
13.70%
|
|||
Columbia,
MD
|
8.90%
|
8.80%
|
7.10%
|
|||
Allentown,
PA
|
7.00%
|
3.90%
|
7.10%
|
|||
Melrose
Park, IL
|
11.90%
|
9.60%
|
11.90%
|
|||
Grand
Prairie, TX
|
19.50%
|
10.80%
|
14.30%
|
|||
Edison,
NJ
|
3.30%
|
5.00%
|
4.10%
|
|||
Denver,
CO
|
8.40%
|
9.10%
|
8.40%
|
|||
Nashville,
TN
|
3.10%
|
1.80%
|
5.00%
|
|||
Lincoln,
RI
|
10.00%
|
7.40%
|
6.20%
|
|||
Somerville,
MA
|
10.60%
|
8.90%
|
6.20%
|
|||
Southwestern,
OH
|
3.20%
|
6.20%
|
0.00%
|
|||
New
England, CT
|
4.60%
|
1.70%
|
3.90%
|
|||
West
Palm Beach, FL
|
8.20%
|
9.20%
|
10.90%
|
An
institution whose cohort default rate under the Federal Family Education Loan
program is 25% or greater for any one of the three most recent federal fiscal
years, or whose cohort default rate under the Perkins program exceeds 15% for
any federal award year (the twelve-month period from July 1 through
June 30), may be placed on provisional certification status by the DOE.
None of our institutions have a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default
rate above 25% for any of the three most recent fiscal years for which the
DOE
has published rates.
An
institution whose Perkins cohort default rate is 50% or greater for three
consecutive federal award years loses eligibility to participate in the Perkins
program for the remainder of the federal award year in which DOE determines
that
the institution has lost its eligibility and for the two
subsequent federal award years. None of our institutions has had a Perkins
cohort default rate of 50% or greater for any of the last three federal award
years. The DOE also will not provide any additional federal funds to an
institution for Perkins loans in any federal award year in which the
institution's Perkins cohort default rate is 25% or greater. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College and New England Technical Institute are our
only institutions participating in the Perkins program. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College's cohort default rate was 16.1% for
students scheduled to begin repayment in the 2004-2005 federal award year.
The
DOE did not provide any additional Federal Capital Contribution Funds for
Perkins loans to Denver Automotive & Diesel College. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College continues to make loans out of its existing
Perkins loan fund. Lincoln
Technical Institute (New Britain, CT) is
provisionally certified by the DOE based on its change in ownership and on
a
finding by the DOE prior to the change in ownership that New England Technical
Institute had not transmitted certain data related to the Perkins program to
the
National Student Loan Data System during periods prior to the acquisition.
Lincoln Technical Institute (New Britain, CT) cohort default rate was 0% for
students scheduled to begin repayment in the 2004-2005 federal award
year.
Financial
Responsibility Standards. All
institutions participating in Title IV Programs must satisfy specific
standards of financial responsibility. The DOE evaluates institutions for
compliance with these standards each year, based on the institution's annual
audited financial statements, as well as following a change in ownership
resulting in a change of control of the institution.
The
most
significant financial responsibility measurement is the institution's composite
score, which is calculated by the DOE based on three ratios:
·
|
The
equity ratio, which measures the institution's capital resources,
ability
to borrow and financial viability;
|
·
|
The
primary reserve ratio, which measures the institution's ability to
support
current operations from expendable resources;
and
|
·
|
The
net income ratio, which measures the institution's ability to operate
at a
profit.
|
The
DOE
assigns a strength factor to the results of each of these ratios on a scale
from
negative 1.0 to positive 3.0, with negative 1.0 reflecting financial weakness
and positive 3.0 reflecting financial strength. The DOE then assigns a weighting
percentage to each ratio and adds the weighted scores for the three ratios
together to produce a composite score for the institution. The composite score
must be at least 1.5 for the institution to be deemed financially responsible
without the need for further oversight. If an institution's composite score
is
below 1.5, but is at least 1.0, it is in a category denominated by the DOE
as
"the zone." Under the DOE regulations, institutions that are in the zone are
deemed to be financially responsible for a period of up to three years but
are
required to accept payment of Title IV Program funds under the cash
monitoring or reimbursement method of payment, to be provisionally certified
and
to provide to the DOE timely information regarding various oversight and
financial events.
If
an
institution's composite score is below 1.0, the institution is considered by
the
DOE to lack financial responsibility. If the DOE determines that an institution
does not satisfy the DOE's financial responsibility standards, depending on
its
composite score and other factors, that institution may establish its financial
responsibility on an alternative basis by, among other things:
·
|
Posting
a letter of credit in an amount equal to at least 50% of the total
Title IV Program funds received by the institution during the
institution's most recently completed fiscal
year;
|
·
|
Posting
a letter of credit in an amount equal to at least 10% of such prior
year's
Title IV Program funds, accepting provisional certification,
complying with additional DOE monitoring requirements and agreeing
to
receive Title IV Program funds under an arrangement other than the
DOE's standard advance funding arrangement;
and/or
|
·
|
Complying
with additional DOE monitoring requirements and agreeing to receive
Title IV Program funds under an arrangement other than the DOE's
standard advance funding
arrangement.
|
We
have
submitted to the DOE our audited financial statements for the 2004 and 2005
fiscal year reflecting a composite score of 1.8 and 2.5, respectively, based
upon our calculations, and that our schools meet the DOE standards of financial
responsibility. For the 2006 fiscal year, we have calculated our composite
score
to be 1.7.
The
DOE
has evaluated the financial condition of our institutions on a consolidated
basis. DOE regulations permit the DOE to examine our financial statements,
including the financial statements of each institution and the financial
statements of any related party. Based on the Company's calculations, the 2006,
2005 and 2004 financial statements reflect a composite score of 1.7, 2.5 and
1.8, respectively. However, as a result of corrections of certain errors,
including accounting for advertising costs, a sale leaseback transaction, rent
and certain other individually insignificant adjustments, in our prior financial
statements, the DOE recomputed the Company's consolidated composite scores
for
the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that the
recomputed consolidated composite scores for those two years were below 1.0.
In
addition, we identified certain additional errors in our financial statements
for the year ended December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for
stock-based compensation and accrued bonuses that did not result in a
recomputation of our 2003 composite score. The DOE informed the Company that
as
a result, for a period of three years effective December 30, 2004, all of
the Company's current and future institutions have been placed on "Heightened
Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status," and are required to timely notify the DOE
with
respect to certain enumerated oversight and financial events. The DOE also
informed the Company that its circumstances will be taken into consideration
when each of our institutions applies for recertification of the Company's
eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. When each of our institutions
is next required to apply for recertification to participate in Title IV
Programs, we expect that the DOE will also consider our audited financial
statements and composite scores for our most recent fiscal year as well as
for
other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002. Additionally, since the DOE concluded
that the previously computed composite scores for 2001 and 2002 were overstated,
the Company agreed to pay $165,000 to the DOE, pursuant to a settlement
agreement, to resolve compliance issues related to this matter. The Company
paid
this amount on March 3, 2005. Although no assurance can be given, the
Company's management does not believe that the actions of the DOE specified
above will have a material effect on its financial position, results of
operations or cash flows.
Return
of Title IV Funds. An
institution participating in Title IV Programs must calculate the amount of
unearned Title IV Program funds that have been disbursed to students who
withdraw from their educational programs before completing them, and must return
those unearned funds to the DOE or the applicable lending institution in a
timely manner, which is generally within 30 days from the date the
institution determines that the student has withdrawn.
If
an
institution is cited in an audit or program review for returning Title IV
Program funds late for 5% or more of the students in the audit or program review
sample, the institution must post a letter of credit in favor of the DOE in
an
amount equal to 25% of the total amount of Title IV Program funds that
should have been returned for students who withdrew in the institution's
previous fiscal year. Southwestern College made late returns of Title IV
Program funds in excess of the DOE's prescribed threshold, most of which
predated our acquisition of Southwestern College. As a result, in accordance
with DOE regulations, we have submitted a letter of credit to the DOE in the
amount of $28,400.
School
Acquisitions. When
a company acquires a school that is eligible to participate in Title IV
Programs, that school undergoes a change of ownership resulting in a change
of
control as defined by
the DOE.
Upon such a change of control, a school's eligibility to participate in
Title IV Programs is generally suspended until it has applied for
recertification by the DOE as an eligible school under its new ownership, which
requires that the school also re-establish its state authorization and
accreditation. The DOE may temporarily and provisionally certify an institution
seeking approval of a change of control under certain circumstances while the
DOE reviews the institution's application. The time required for the DOE to
act
on such an application may vary substantially. DOE recertification of an
institution following a change of control will be on a provisional basis. Our
expansion plans are based, in part, on our ability to acquire additional schools
and have them certified by the DOE to participate in Title IV Programs. Our
expansion plans take into account the approval requirements of the DOE and
the
relevant state education agencies and accrediting commissions.
Change
of Control. In
addition to school acquisitions, other types of transactions can also cause
a
change of control. DOE, most state education agencies and our accrediting
commissions have standards pertaining to the change of control of schools,
but
these standards are not uniform. DOE regulations describe some transactions
that
constitute a change of control, including the transfer of a controlling interest
in the voting stock of an institution or the institution's parent corporation.
For a publicly traded corporation, DOE regulations provide that a change of
control occurs in one of two ways: (a) if there is an event that would
obligate the corporation to file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the
Securities and Exchange Commission disclosing a change of control or (b) if
the corporation has a shareholder that owns at least 25% of the total
outstanding voting stock of the corporation and is the largest shareholder
of
the corporation, and that shareholder ceases to own at least 25% of such stock
or ceases to be the largest shareholder. These standards are subject to
interpretation by the DOE.
A
significant purchase or disposition of our common stock could be determined
by
the DOE to be a change of control under this standard. Most of the states and
our accrediting commissions include the sale of a controlling interest of common
stock in the definition of a change of control. A change of control under the
definition of one of these agencies would require the affected school to
reaffirm its state authorization or accreditation. The requirements to obtain
such reaffirmation from the states and our accrediting commissions vary
widely.
A
change
of control could occur as a result of future transactions in which our company
or schools are involved. Some corporate reorganizations and some changes in
the
board of directors are examples of such transactions. Moreover, the potential
adverse effects of a change of control could influence future decisions by
us
and our stockholders regarding the sale, purchase, transfer, issuance or
redemption of our stock. In addition, the adverse regulatory effect of a change
of control also could discourage bids for your shares of common stock and could
have an adverse effect on the market price of your shares.
Opening
Additional Schools and Adding Educational Programs. For-profit
educational institutions must be authorized by their state education agencies
and fully operational for two years before applying to the DOE to participate
in
Title IV Programs. However, an institution that is certified to participate
in Title IV Programs may establish an additional location and apply to
participate in Title IV Programs at that location without reference to the
two-year requirement, if such additional location satisfies all other applicable
DOE eligibility requirements. Our expansion plans are based, in part, on our
ability to open new schools as additional locations of our existing institutions
and take into account the DOE's approval requirements.
A
student
may use Title IV Program funds only to pay the costs associated with
enrollment in an eligible educational program offered by an institution
participating in Title IV Programs. Generally, an institution that is
eligible to participate in Title IV Programs may add a new educational
program without DOE approval if that new program leads to an associate level
or
higher degree and the institution already offers programs at that level, or
if
that program prepares students for gainful employment in the same or a related
occupation as an educational program that has previously been designated as
an
eligible program at that institution and meets minimum length requirements.
If
an institution erroneously determines that an educational program is eligible
for purposes of Title IV Programs, the institution would likely be liable
for repayment of Title IV Program funds provided to students in that
educational program. Our expansion plans are based, in part, on our ability
to
add new educational programs at our existing schools. We do not believe that
current DOE regulations will create significant obstacles to our plans to add
new programs.
Some
of
the state education agencies and our accrediting commission also have
requirements that may affect our schools' ability to open a new campus,
establish an additional location of an existing institution or begin offering
a
new educational program. Our Cincinnati (Vine Street), OH, and Franklin, OH,
campuses are currently required to submit retention data to the ACICS. Any
institution required to submit retention data to the ACICS may be required
to
obtain prior permission from the ACICS for the initiation of any new program.
We
do not believe that these standards will create significant obstacles to our
expansion plans.
Administrative
Capability. The
DOE assesses the administrative capability of each institution that participates
in Title IV Programs under a series of separate standards. Failure to
satisfy any of the standards may lead the DOE to find the institution ineligible
to participate in Title IV Programs or to place the institution on
provisional certification as a condition of its participation. These criteria
require, among other things, that the institution:
·
|
Complies
with all applicable federal student financial aid
regulations;
|
·
|
Has
capable and sufficient personnel to administer the federal student
financial aid programs;
|
·
|
Has
acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory academic
progress of its students;
|
·
|
Refers
to the Office of the Inspector General any credible information indicating
that any applicant, student, employee or agent of the school has
been
engaged in any fraud or other illegal conduct involving Title IV
Programs;
|
·
|
Provides
financial aid counseling to its students;
and
|
·
|
Submits
in a timely manner all reports and financial statements required
by the
regulations.
|
Failure
by an institution to satisfy any of these or other administrative capability
criteria could cause the institution to lose its eligibility to participate
in
Title IV Programs, which would have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations.
Other
standards provide that an institution may be found to lack administrative
capability and be placed on provisional certification if its student loan
default rate under the Federal Family Education Loan program is 25% or greater
for any of the three most recent federal fiscal years, or if its Perkins cohort
default rate exceeds 15% for any federal award year. None of our institutions
have a Federal Family Education Loan cohort default rate above 25% for any
of
the three most recent fiscal years for which the DOE has published rates. Denver
Automotive & Diesel College and New England Technical Institute are our only
institutions participating in the Perkins program. Denver Automotive &
Diesel College's cohort default rate was 16.1% for students scheduled to begin
repayment in the 2004-2005 federal award year. The DOE did not provide any
additional Federal Capital Contribution Funds for Perkins loans to Denver
Automotive & Diesel College. Denver Automotive & Diesel College
continues to make loans out of its existing Perkins loan fund. As it was prior
to when we acquired it, New England Technical Institute is provisionally
certified by the DOE based on its change in ownership and on a finding by the
DOE prior to the change in ownership that New England Technical Institute had
not transmitted certain data related to the Perkins program to the National
Student Loan Data System during periods prior to the acquisition. New England
Technical Institute's cohort default rate was 0% for students scheduled to
begin
repayment in the 2004-2005 federal award year.
Ability
to Benefit Regulations. Under
certain circumstances, an institution may elect to admit non-high school
graduates, or "ability to benefit," students, into certain of its programs
of
study. In order for ability to benefit students to be eligible for Title IV
Program participation, the institution must comply with the ability to benefit
requirements set forth in the Title IV Program requirements. The basic
evaluation method to determine that a student has the ability to benefit from
the program is the student's achievement of a minimum score on a test approved
by the DOE and independently administered in accordance with DOE regulations.
In
addition to the testing requirements, the DOE regulations also prohibit ability
to benefit student enrollments from constituting 50% or more of the total
enrollment of the institution. In 2006, the following schools were authorized
to
enroll “ability to benefit” applicants: Southwestern College, New Britain,
Cromwell, Shelton, Hamden, Union, Mahwah, Indianapolis, Melrose Park, Denver,
West Palm Beach, Paramus, Mt. Laurel, Marietta, Edison and
Norcross.
Restrictions
on Payment of Commissions, Bonuses and Other Incentive
Payments. An
institution participating in Title IV Programs may not provide any
commission, bonus or other incentive payment based directly or indirectly on
success in securing enrollments or financial aid to any person or entity engaged
in any student recruiting or admission activities or in making decisions
regarding the awarding of Title IV Program funds. In November 2002,
the DOE published new regulations which attempt to clarify this so-called
"incentive compensation rule." Failure to comply with the incentive compensation
rule could result in loss of ability to participate in Title IV Programs or
in fines or liabilities. We believe that our current compensation plans are
in
compliance with the Higher Education Act and the DOE's new regulations, although
we cannot assure you that the DOE will not find deficiencies in our compensation
plans.
Eligibility
and Certification Procedures. Each
institution must periodically apply to the DOE for continued certification
to
participate in Title IV Programs. The institution must also apply for
recertification when it undergoes a change in ownership resulting in a change
of
control. The institution also may come under DOE review when it undergoes a
substantive change that requires the submission of an application, such as
opening an additional location or raising the highest academic credential it
offers. The DOE agreed that the addition of the holding company to our ownership
structure in 2003 would not constitute a change in ownership of our schools
resulting in a change of control provided that certain conditions were met,
including that the holding company execute the program participation agreement
for each institution. See "Regulatory Environment—Reorganization" for a
description of our reorganization in 2003. The holding company has executed
a
program participation agreement for each of our institutions.
The
DOE
may place an institution on provisional certification status if it determines
that the institution does not fully satisfy certain administrative and financial
standards or if the institution undergoes a change in ownership resulting in
a
change of control. The DOE may withdraw an institution's provisional
certification with the institution having fewer due process protections than
if
it were fully certified. In addition, the DOE may more closely review an
institution that is provisionally certified if it applies for approval to open
a
new location, add an educational program, acquire another school or make any
other significant change. Provisional certification does not otherwise limit
an
institution's access to Title IV Program funds. Southwestern College
received an executed program participation agreement from the DOE. In connection
with each of our acquisitions of New England Technical Institute, Euphoria
Institute of Beauty Arts & Sciences, and New England Institute of Technology
at Palm Beach we received an executed temporary provisional program
participation agreement from the DOE.
All
institutions are recertified on various dates for various amounts of time.
The
following table sets forth the expiration dates for each of our institutions'
current program participation agreement:
Institution
|
Expiration
Date of Current Program Participation
Agreement
|
|
Allentown,
PA
|
September 30,
2007
|
|
Columbia,
MD
|
September 30,
2007
|
|
Philadelphia,
PA
|
September 30,
2007
|
|
Denver,
CO
|
December 31,
2009
|
|
Lincoln,
RI
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
Nashville,
TN
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
Somerville,
MA
|
June 30,
2008
|
|
Edison,
NJ
|
September 30,
2007
|
|
Union,
NJ
|
September 30,
2007
|
|
Grand
Prairie, TX
|
March 31,
2009
|
|
Indianapolis,
IN
|
March 31,
2009
|
|
Melrose
Park, IL
|
March 31,
2009
|
|
Dayton,
OH
|
June
30, 2008*
|
|
New
Britain, CT
|
March 31,
2009*
|
|
West
Palm Beach, FL
|
June 30,
2010
|
*
Provisionally
certified.
Compliance
with Regulatory Standards and Effect of Regulatory
Violations. Our
schools are subject to audits, program reviews, and site visits by various
regulatory agencies, including the DOE, the DOE's Office of Inspector General,
state education agencies, student loan guaranty agencies, the U.S. Department
of
Veterans Affairs and our accrediting commissions. In addition, each of our
institutions must retain an independent certified public accountant to conduct
an annual audit of the institution's administration of Title IV Program
funds. The institution must submit the resulting audit report to the DOE for
review.
The
DOE
conducted a program review at Denver Automotive and Diesel College (DADC) and
issued an initial program review report on January 23, 2006 in which it
identified potential instances of noncompliance with certain DOE requirements.
DADC has submitted an initial response to the report and is waiting for a
response or determination from the DOE.
If
one of
our schools failed to comply with accrediting or state licensing requirements,
such school and its main and/or branch campuses could be subject to the loss
of
state licensure or accreditation, which in turn could result in a loss of
eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. If the DOE determined that
one of our institutions improperly disbursed Title IV Program funds or
violated a provision of the Higher Education Act or DOE regulations, the
institution could be required to repay such funds and related costs to the
DOE
and lenders, and could be assessed an administrative fine. The DOE could also
place the institution on provisional certification and/or transfer the
institution to the reimbursement or cash monitoring system of receiving
Title IV Program funds, under which an institution must disburse its own
funds to students and document the students' eligibility for Title IV
Program funds before receiving such funds from the DOE. The DOE has informed
us
that as a result of our recomputed composite scores for the 2001 and 2002 fiscal
years, all of our current and future institutions have been placed on
"Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status" for a period of three years
effective December 30, 2004 and are required to timely notify the DOE with
respect to certain enumerated oversight and financial events. The DOE has also
informed us that these accounting charges will be taken into consideration
when
each of our institutions applies for recertification of its eligibility to
participate in Title IV Programs.
An
institution that is operating under "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status,"
is required to credit student accounts before drawing down funds under
Title IV Programs and to draw down funds in an amount no greater than the
previous disbursement to students and parents. Additionally, the institution's
compliance audit will be required to contain verification that this did occur
throughout the year. In addition to the above, the DOE has required us to comply
with certain requirements prescribed for institutions operating in "the zone,"
which is indicative of a composite score between 1.0 and 1.4. Those requirements
include providing timely information regarding any of the following oversight
and financial events:
·
|
Any
adverse action, including a probation or similar action, taken against
the
institution by its accrediting
agency;
|
·
|
Any
event that causes the institution, or related entity to realize any
liability that was noted as a contingent liability in the institution's
or
related entity's most recent audit financial
statement;
|
·
|
Any
violation by the institution of any loan
agreement;
|
·
|
Any
failure of the institution to make a payment in accordance with its
debt
obligations that results in a creditor filing suit to recover funds
under
those obligations;
|
·
|
Any
withdrawal of owner's equity from institution by any means, including
declaring a dividend; or
|
·
|
Any
extraordinary losses, as defined in accordance with Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 30.
|
Operating
under the zone requirements may also require the institution to submit its
financial statement and compliance audits earlier than the date previously
required and require the institution to provide information about its current
operations and future plans. An institution that continues to fail to meet
the
financial responsibility standards set by the DOE or does not comply with the
zone requirements may lose its eligibility to continue to participate in Title
IV funding or it may be required to post irrevocable letters of credit, for
an
amount determined by the DOE that is not less than 50% of the Title IV Program
funds received by the institution during its most recently completed fiscal
year.
Significant
violations of Title IV Program requirements by us or any of our
institutions could be the basis for a proceeding by the DOE to limit, suspend
or
terminate the participation of the affected institution in Title IV
Programs or to civil or criminal penalties. Generally, such a termination
extends for 18 months before the institution may apply for reinstatement of
its participation. There is no DOE proceeding pending to fine any of our
institutions or to limit, suspend or terminate any of our institutions'
participation in Title IV Programs.
We
and
our schools are also subject to complaints and lawsuits relating to regulatory
compliance brought not only by our regulatory agencies, but also by third
parties, such as present or former students or employees and other members
of
the public. If we are unable to successfully resolve or defend against any
such
complaint or lawsuit, we may be required to pay money damages or be subject
to
fines, limitations, loss of federal funding, injunctions or other penalties.
Moreover, even if we successfully resolve or defend against any such complaint
or lawsuit, we may have to devote significant financial and management resources
in order to reach such a result.
Lenders
and Guaranty Agencies. In
2006, seven lenders provided funding to more than 90% of the students at the
schools we owned during that year: Citibank Student Loan Corporation, AMS Trust,
AmSouth Bank, Citizens Bank, Charter One Bank, Nellie Mae, and Nelnet. While
we
believe that other lenders would be willing to make federally guaranteed student
loans to our students if loans were no longer available from our current
lenders, there can be no assurances in this regard. In addition, the Higher
Education Act requires the establishment of lenders of last resort in every
state to ensure that loans are available to students at any school that cannot
otherwise identify lenders willing to make federally guaranteed loans to its
students.
Our
primary guarantors for Title IV loans are USA Group, a subsidiary of Sallie
Mae, and New Jersey Higher Education Assistance Authority, an independent agency
of the State of New Jersey. These two agencies currently guarantee a majority
of
the federally guaranteed student loans made to students enrolled at our schools.
There are six other guaranty agencies that guarantee student loans made to
students enrolled at our schools. We believe that other guaranty agencies would
be willing to guarantee loans to our students if any of the guaranty agencies
ceased guaranteeing those loans or reduced the volume of loans they guarantee,
although there can be no assurances in this regard.
Item
1A.
|
RISK
FACTORS
|
The
following risk factors and other information included in this Form 10-K should
be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not
the
only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to
us
or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.
If
any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating
results, and cash flows could be materially adversely
affected.
RISKS
RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
Failure
of our schools to comply with the extensive regulatory requirements for school
operations could result in financial penalties, restrictions on our operations
and loss of external financial aid funding, which could affect our revenues
and
impose significant operating restrictions on us.
Our
schools are subject to extensive regulation by federal and state governmental
agencies and by accrediting commissions. In particular, the Higher Education
Act
of 1965, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the DOE,
set
forth numerous standards that our schools must satisfy to participate in various
federal student financial assistance programs under Title IV Programs. In
2006, we derived approximately 80.1% of our revenues, calculated based on cash
receipts, from Title IV Programs. To participate in Title IV Programs,
each of our schools must receive and maintain authorization by the applicable
education agencies in the state in which each school is physically located,
be
accredited by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified
as an eligible institution by the DOE. These regulatory requirements cover
the
vast majority of our operations, including our educational programs, facilities,
instructional and administrative staff, administrative procedures, marketing,
recruiting, financial operations and financial condition. These regulatory
requirements also affect our ability to acquire or open additional schools,
add
new educational programs, expand existing educational programs, and change
our
corporate structure and ownership.
If
any of
our schools fails to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, the school
and its related main campus and/or additional locations could be subject to
the
loss of state licensure or accreditation, the loss of eligibility to participate
in and receive funds under the Title IV Programs, the loss of the ability
to grant degrees, diplomas and certificates, provisional certification, or
the
imposition of liabilities or monetary penalties, each of which could adversely
affect our revenues and impose significant operating restrictions upon us.
In
addition, the loss by any of our schools of its accreditation, its state
authorization or license, or its eligibility to participate in Title IV
Programs constitutes an event of default under our credit agreement, which
we
and our subsidiaries entered into with a syndicate of banks on February 15,
2005, which could result in the acceleration of all amounts then outstanding
under our credit agreement. The various regulatory agencies periodically revise
their requirements and modify their interpretations of existing requirements
and
restrictions. We cannot predict with certainty how any of these regulatory
requirements will be applied or whether each of our schools will be able to
comply with these requirements or any additional requirements instituted in
the
future.
If
we or our eligible institutions do not meet the financial responsibility
standards prescribed by the DOE, as has occurred in the past, we may be required
to post letters of credit or our eligibility to participate in Title IV
Programs could be terminated or limited, which could significantly reduce our
student population and revenues.
To
participate in Title IV Programs, an eligible institution must satisfy
specific measures of financial responsibility prescribed by the DOE or post
a
letter of credit in favor of the DOE and possibly accept other conditions on
its
participation in Title IV Programs. Any obligation to post one or more
letters of credit would increase our costs of regulatory compliance. Our
inability to obtain a
required
letter of credit or limitations on, or termination of, our participation in
Title IV Programs could limit our students' access to various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could significantly
reduce our student population and revenues.
Each
year, based on the financial information submitted by an eligible institution
that participates in Title IV Programs, the DOE calculates three financial
ratios for the institution: an equity ratio, a primary reserve ratio and a
net
income ratio. Each of these ratios is scored separately and then combined into
a
composite score to measure the institution's financial responsibility. As a
result of the corrections of certain errors, including accounting for
advertising costs, a sale leaseback transaction, rent and certain other
individually insignificant adjustments, in our prior financial statements,
the
DOE recomputed our consolidated composite scores for the years ended
December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that the recomputed consolidated
composite scores for those two years were below 1.0. In addition, we identified
certain additional errors in our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for stock-based compensation
and accrued bonuses that did not result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite
score. The DOE has informed us that as a result, for a period of three years
effective December 30, 2004, all of our current and future institutions
have been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status," a less
favorable Title IV fund payment system that requires us to credit student
accounts before drawing down Title IV funds and to timely notify the DOE
with respect to certain enumerated oversight and financial events. If we fail
to
comply with these requirements, we may lose our eligibility for continued
participation in Title IV Programs or may be required to post irrevocable
letters of credit. We expect that the DOE will also consider our audited
financial statements and composite scores for our most recent fiscal year as
well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002 when each of our institutions
is next required to apply for recertification to participate in Title IV
Programs. Additionally, since the DOE concluded that the previously computed
composite scores for 2001 and 2002 were overstated, we agreed to pay $165,000
to
the DOE pursuant to a settlement agreement with respect to compliance issues
related to this matter. We paid this amount on March 3, 2005.
Based
on
our calculations the 2006 and 2005 financial statements reflect a composite
score of 1.7 and 2.5, respectively.
If
we fail to demonstrate "administrative capability" to the DOE, our business
could suffer.
DOE
regulations specify extensive criteria an institution must satisfy to establish
that it has the requisite "administrative capability" to participate in
Title IV Programs. These criteria require, among other things, that the
institution:
·
|
Comply
with all applicable Title IV
regulations;
|
·
|
Have
capable and sufficient personnel to administer Title IV
Programs;
|
·
|
Have
acceptable methods of defining and measuring the satisfactory academic
progress of its students;
|
·
|
Provide
financial aid counseling to its students;
and
|
·
|
Submit
in a timely manner all reports and financial statements required
by the
regulations.
|
If
an
institution fails to satisfy any of these criteria or any other DOE regulation,
the DOE may:
·
|
Require
the repayment of Title IV
funds;
|
·
|
Impose
a less favorable payment system for the institution's receipt of
Title IV funds;
|
·
|
Place
the institution on provisional certification status;
or
|
·
|
Commence
a proceeding to impose a fine or to limit, suspend or terminate the
participation of the institution in Title IV
Programs.
|
If
we are
found not to have satisfied the DOE's "administrative capability" requirements,
one or more of our institutions, including its additional locations, could
be
limited in its access to, or lose, Title IV Program funding. A decrease in
Title IV funding could adversely affect our revenues, as we received
approximately 80.1% of our revenues (calculated based on cash receipts) from
Title IV Programs in 2005.
We
are subject to fines and other sanctions if we pay impermissible commissions,
bonuses or other incentive payments to individuals involved in certain
recruiting, admissions or financial aid activities, which could increase our
cost of regulatory compliance and adversely affect our results of
operations.
A
school
participating in Title IV Programs may not provide any commission, bonus or
other incentive payment based on success in enrolling students or securing
financial aid to any person involved in any student recruiting or admission
activities or in making decisions regarding the awarding of Title IV
Program funds. The law and regulations governing this requirement do not
establish clear criteria for compliance in all circumstances. If we are found
to
have violated this law, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by the DOE
or
we could face litigation filed under the qui
tam
provisions of the Federal False Claims Act.
If
our schools do not maintain their state authorizations and their accreditation,
they may not participate in Title IV Programs, which could adversely affect
our student population and revenues.
An
institution that grants degrees, diplomas or certificates must be authorized
by
the appropriate education agency of the state in which it is located and, in
some cases, other states. Requirements for authorization vary substantially
among states. The school must be authorized by each state in which it is
physically located in order for its students to be eligible for funding under
Title IV Programs. Loss of state authorization by any of our schools from
the education agency of the state in which the school is located would end
that
school's eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs and could cause us
to close the school.
A
school
must be accredited by an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE in order
to participate in Title IV Programs. Accreditation is a non-governmental
process through which an institution submits to qualitative review by an
organization of peer institutions, based on the standards of the accrediting
agency and the stated aims and purposes of the institution, including achieving
and maintaining stringent retention, completion and placement outcomes. Certain
states require institutions to maintain accreditation as a condition of
continued authorization to grant degrees. The Higher Education Act requires
accrediting commissions recognized by the DOE to review and monitor many aspects
of an institution's operations and to take appropriate disciplinary action
when
the institution fails to comply with the accrediting agency's standards. Loss
of
accreditation by any of our main campuses would result in the termination of
eligibility of that school and all of its branch campuses to participate in
Title IV Programs and could cause us to close the school and its
branches.
Our
institutions would lose eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs if
the percentage of their revenues derived from those programs were too high,
which could reduce our student population and revenues.
Each
of
our institutions would immediately lose its eligibility to participate in
Title IV Programs if it derived more than 90% of its revenues (calculated
based on cash receipts) from those programs in any fiscal year as calculated
in
accordance with DOE regulations. Any institution that violates this rule is
ineligible to apply to regain its eligibility until the following fiscal year.
Based on our calculations, none
of our
institutions received more than 90% of its revenues in fiscal year 2006, and
our
institution with the highest percentage received approximately 86.9% of its
revenues, from Title IV Programs. If any of our institutions loses
eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs, that loss would cause an
event of default under our credit agreement, which could result in the
acceleration of any indebtedness then outstanding under our credit agreement,
and would also adversely affect our students' access to various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could reduce our
student population and revenues. These calculations are required to be made
based on cash receipts.
Our
institutions would lose eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs if
their former students defaulted on repayment of their federal student loans
in
excess of specified levels, which could reduce our student population and
revenues.
An
institution of higher education, such as each of our institutions, loses its
eligibility to participate in some or all Title IV Programs if its former
students default on the repayment of their federal student loans in excess
of
specified levels. If any of our institutions exceeds the official student loan
default rates published by the DOE, it will lose eligibility to participate
in
Title IV Programs. That loss would adversely affect our students' access to
various government-sponsored student financial aid programs, which could reduce
our student population and revenues.
We
are subject to sanctions if we fail to correctly calculate and timely return
Title IV Program funds for students who withdraw before completing their
educational program, which could increase our cost of regulatory compliance
and
decrease our profit margin.
An
institution participating in Title IV Programs must correctly calculate the
amount of unearned Title IV Program funds that have been credited to
students who withdraw from their educational programs before completing them
and
must return those unearned funds in a timely manner, generally within
30 days of the date the institution determines that the student has
withdrawn. If the unearned funds are not properly calculated and timely
returned, we may have to post a letter of credit in favor of the DOE or may
be
otherwise sanctioned by the DOE, which could increase our cost of regulatory
compliance and adversely affect our results of operations. One of our schools,
Southwestern College, made late returns of Title IV Program funds in excess
of the DOE's prescribed threshold. As a result, in accordance with DOE
regulations, we submitted a letter of credit in favor of the DOE in the amount
of $28,400.
If
regulators do not approve our acquisition of a school that participates in
Title IV Programs, the acquired school would no longer be permitted to
participate in Title IV Programs, which could impair our ability to operate
the acquired school as planned or to realize the anticipated benefits from
the
acquisition of that school.
If
we
acquire a school that participates in Title IV Programs, we must obtain
approval from the DOE and applicable state education agencies and accrediting
commissions in order for the school to be able to continue operating and
participating in Title IV Programs. An acquisition can result in the
temporary suspension of the acquired school's participation in Title IV
Programs unless we submit to
the DOE
a timely and materially complete application for recertification and the DOE
issues a temporary provisional program participation agreement. If we were
unable to timely re-establish the state authorization, accreditation or DOE
certification of the acquired school, our ability to operate the acquired school
as planned or to realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisition of that
school could be impaired. Southwestern College received an executed provisional
program participation agreement from the DOE. In connection with each of our
acquisition of New England Technical Institute, Euphoria Institute of Beauty
Arts & Sciences, and New England Institute of Technology at Palm Beach, we
received an executed provisional program participation agreement from the DOE.
If
regulators do not approve or delay their approval of transactions involving
a
change of control of our company or any of our schools, our ability to
participate in Title IV Programs may be impaired.
If
we or
any of our schools experience a change of control under the standards of
applicable state education agencies, our accrediting commissions or the DOE,
we
or the affected schools must seek the approval of the relevant regulatory
agencies in order for us or the acquired school to participate in Title IV
Programs. Transactions or events that constitute a change of control of
us include significant acquisitions or dispositions of our common
stock
(including, pursuant to DOE regulations, sales by a shareholder that owns
at least 25% of our total outstanding voting stock and is our largest
shareholder, as a result of which sales such shareholder ceases to own at least
25% of our outstanding voting stock or ceases to be our largest shareholder)
or significant changes in the composition of our board of directors.
Some
of these transactions or events may be beyond our control. Our failure to
obtain, or a delay in receiving, approval of any change of control from any
state in which our schools are located or other states as the case may be,
our
accrediting commissions or the DOE could impair or result in the termination
of
our accreditation, state licensure or ability to participate in Title IV
Programs. Our failure to obtain, or a delay in obtaining, approval of any change
of control from any state in which we do not have a school but in which we
recruit students could require us to suspend our recruitment of students in
that
state until we receive the required approval. The potential adverse effects
of a
change of control with respect to participation in Title IV Programs could
influence future decisions by us and our stockholders regarding the sale,
purchase, transfer, issuance or redemption of our stock. In addition, the
adverse regulatory effect of a change of control also could discourage bids
for
your shares of our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market
price of your shares.
Congress
may change the law or reduce funding for Title IV Programs, which could
reduce our student population, revenues or profit margin.
Congress
periodically revises the Higher Education Act and other laws governing
Title IV Programs and annually determines the funding level for each
Title IV Program. Recently, Congress temporarily extended the provisions of
the Higher Education Act, or HEA, pending completion of the formal
reauthorization process. In February 2006, Congress enacted the Deficit
Reduction Act of 2005, which contained a number of provisions affecting Title
IV
Programs, including some provisions that had been in the HEA reauthorization
bills. We believe that, in 2007, the U.S. Congress will either complete its
reauthorization of the HEA or further extend the provisions of the HEA. Numerous
changes to the HEA are likely to result from any further reauthorization and,
possibly, from any extension of the existing provisions of the HEA, but at
this
time we cannot predict all of the changes that the U.S. Congress will ultimately
make. In January 2007, the political party to which a majority of the members
of
both houses of the U.S. Congress are affiliated changed from the Republican
party to the Democratic party. As a result, it is possible that the
Democrat-controlled U.S. Congress will revise provisions of the HEA in
significantly different ways than were being considered by the
Republican-controlled U.S. Congress in 2005 and 2006. Approximately 80.1% of
our
revenues in 2006 (calculated based on cash receipts) were derived from
Title IV programs. Any action by Congress that significantly
reduces
funding
for Title IV Programs or the ability of our schools or students to receive
funding through these programs could reduce our student population and revenues.
Congressional action may also require us to modify our practices in ways that
could result in increased administrative costs and decreased profit
margin.
In
addition, current requirements for student and school participation in
Title IV Programs may change or one or more of the present Title IV
Programs could be replaced by other programs with materially different student
or school eligibility requirements. If we cannot comply with the provisions
of
the Higher Education Act, as they may be revised, or if the cost of such
compliance is excessive, our revenues or profit margin could be adversely
affected.
Regulatory
agencies or third parties may conduct compliance reviews, bring claims or
initiate litigation against us.
If the results of these reviews or claims are unfavorable to us, our results
of
operations and financial condition could be adversely
affected.
Because
we operate in a highly regulated industry, we are subject to compliance reviews
and claims of noncompliance and lawsuits by government agencies and third
parties. If the results of these reviews or proceedings are unfavorable to
us,
or if we are unable to defend successfully against third-party lawsuits or
claims, we may be required to pay money damages or be subject to fines,
limitations on the operations of our business, loss of federal funding,
injunctions or other penalties. Even if we adequately address issues raised
by
an agency review or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit or claim, we
may
have to divert significant financial and management resources from our ongoing
business operations to address issues raised by those reviews or defend those
lawsuits or claims. The DOE conducted a program review at DADC and issued an
initial program review report on January 23, 2006 in which it identified
potential instances of noncompliance with certain DOE requirements. DADC has
submitted an initial response to the report and is waiting for a response or
determination from the DOE.
RISKS
RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
If
we fail to effectively manage our growth, we may incur higher costs and expenses
than we anticipate in connection with our growth.
We
have
experienced a period of significant growth since 1999. Our continued growth
has
strained and may in the future strain our management, operations, employees
or
other resources. We will need to continue to assess the adequacy of our staff,
controls and procedures to meet the demands of our continued growth. We may
not
be able to maintain or accelerate our current growth rate, effectively manage
our expanding operations or achieve planned growth on a timely or profitable
basis. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively while maintaining
appropriate internal controls, we may experience operating inefficiencies that
likely will increase our expected costs.
We
may not be able to successfully integrate acquisitions into our business, which
may adversely affect our results of operations and financial
condition.
Since
1999, we have acquired a number of schools and we may continue to grow our
business through acquisitions. The anticipated benefits of an acquisition may
not be achieved unless we successfully integrate the acquired school or schools
into our operations and are able to effectively
manage,
market and apply our business strategy to any acquired schools. Integration
challenges include, among others, regulatory approvals, significant capital
expenditures, assumption of known and unknown liabilities and our ability to
control costs. The successful integration of future acquisitions may also
require substantial attention from our senior management and the senior
management of the acquired schools, which could decrease the time that they
devote to the day-to-day management of our business. The difficulties of
integration may initially be increased by the necessity of integrating personnel
with disparate business backgrounds and corporate cultures. Management's focus
on the integration of acquired schools and on the application of our business
strategy to those schools could interrupt or cause loss of momentum in our
other
ongoing activities.
Failure
on our part to establish and operate additional schools or campuses or
effectively identify suitable expansion opportunities could reduce our ability
to implement our growth strategy.
As
part
of our business strategy, we anticipate opening and operating new schools or
campuses. Establishing new schools or campuses poses unique challenges and
requires us to make investments in management and capital expenditures, incur
marketing expenses and devote other resources that are different, and in some
cases greater than those required with respect to the operation of acquired
schools.
To
open a
new school or campus, we would be required to obtain appropriate state and
accrediting commission approvals, which may be conditioned or delayed in a
manner that could significantly affect our growth plans. In addition, to be
eligible for federal Title IV Program funding, a new school or campus would
have to be certified by the DOE and would require federal authorization and
approvals. In the case of entirely separate, freestanding U.S. schools, a
minimum of two years' operating history is required to be eligible for
Title IV Program funding. We cannot be sure that we will be able to
identify suitable expansion opportunities to maintain or accelerate our current
growth rate or that we will be able to successfully integrate or profitably
operate any new schools or campuses. A failure by us to effectively identify
suitable expansion opportunities and to establish and manage the operations
of
newly established schools or online offerings could slow our growth and make
any
newly established schools or our online programs unprofitable or more costly
to
operate than we had planned.
Our
success depends in part on our ability to update and expand the content of
existing programs and develop new programs in a cost-effective manner and on
a
timely basis.
Prospective
employers of our graduates increasingly demand that their entry-level employees
possess appropriate technological skills. These skills are becoming more
sophisticated in line with technological advancements in the automotive, diesel,
information technology, or IT, skilled trades, healthcare industries and spa
and
culinary. Accordingly, educational programs at our schools must keep pace with
those technological advancements. The expansion of our existing programs and
the
development of new programs may not be accepted by our students, prospective
employers or the technical education market. Even if we are able to develop
acceptable new programs, we may not be able to introduce these new programs
as
quickly as our competitors or as quickly as employers demand. If we are unable
to adequately respond to changes in market requirements due to financial
constraints, unusually rapid technological changes or other factors, our ability
to attract and retain students could be impaired, our placement rates could
suffer and our revenues could be adversely affected.
In
addition, if we are unable to adequately anticipate the requirements of the
employers we serve, we may offer programs that do not teach skills useful to
prospective employers or students seeking a technical or career-oriented
education which could affect our placement rates and our ability to attract
and
retain students, causing our revenues to be adversely affected.
Risks
specific to our schools’ online campuses could have a material adverse effect on
our business.
Our
schools’ online campuses intend to increase student enrollments, and more
resources will be required to support this growth, including additional faculty,
admissions, academic, and financial aid personnel. This growth may place a
strain on the operational resources of our schools’ online campuses. Our
schools’ online campuses’ success depends, in part, on their ability to expand
the content of their programs, develop new programs in a cost-effective manner,
maintain good standings with their regulators and accreditors, and meet their
students’ needs in a timely manner. The expansion of our schools’ online
campuses’ existing programs and the development of new programs may not be
accepted by their students or the online education market, and new programs
could be delayed due to current and future unforeseen regulatory restrictions.
The performance and reliability of the program infrastructure at our schools’
online campuses is critical to the reputation of these campuses and the campuses
ability to attract and retain students. Any computer system error or failure,
or
a sudden and significant increase in traffic on our computer networks that
host
our schools’ online campuses, may result in the unavailability of our schools’
online campuses’ computer networks. Individual, sustained, or repeated
occurrences could significantly damage the reputation of our schools’ online
campuses and result in a loss of potential or existing students. Additionally,
our schools’ online campuses’ computer systems and operations are vulnerable to
interruption or malfunction due to events beyond our control, including natural
disasters and network and telecommunications failures. Any interruption to
our
schools’ online campuses’ computer systems or operations could have a material
adverse effect on the ability of our schools’ online campuses to attract and
retain students.
Our
computer networks—either administrative network or those supporting educational
programs— may also be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer hackers,
computer viruses, and other security threats. A user who circumvents security
measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions
or
malfunctions in our operations. Due to the sensitive nature of the information
contained on our networks, such as students’ grades, our networks may be
targeted by hackers. As a result, we may be required to expend significant
resources to protect against the threat of these security breaches or to
alleviate problems caused by these breaches.
We
may not be able to retain our key personnel or hire and retain the personnel
we
need to sustain and grow our business.
Our
success has depended, and will continue to depend, largely on the skills,
efforts and motivation of our executive officers who generally have significant
experience within the post-secondary education industry. Our success also
depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified
faculty, school directors, administrators and corporate management. Due to
the
nature of our business, we face significant competition in the attraction and
retention of personnel who possess the skill sets that we seek. In addition,
key
personnel may leave us and subsequently compete against us. Furthermore, we
do
not currently carry "key man" life insurance on any of our employees. The loss
of the services of any of our key personnel, or our failure to attract and
retain other qualified and experienced personnel on acceptable terms, could
have
an adverse effect on our ability to operate our business efficiently and to
execute our growth strategy.
If
we are unable to hire, retain and continue to develop and train our employees
responsible for student recruitment, the effectiveness of our student recruiting
efforts would be adversely affected.
In
order
to support revenue growth, we need to hire new employees dedicated to student
recruitment and retain and continue to develop and train our current student
recruitment personnel. Our ability to develop a strong student recruiting team
may be affected by a number of factors, including our ability to integrate
and
motivate our student recruiters; our ability to effectively train our student
recruiters; the length of time it takes new student recruiters to become
productive; regulatory restrictions on the method of compensating student
recruiters; the competition in hiring and retaining student recruiters; and
our
ability to effectively manage a multi-location educational organization. If
we
are unable to hire, develop or retain our student recruiters, the effectiveness
of our student recruiting efforts would be adversely affected.
Competition
could decrease our market share and cause us to lower our tuition
rates.
The
post-secondary education market is highly competitive. Our schools compete
for
students and faculty with traditional public and private two-year and four-year
colleges and universities and other proprietary schools, many of which have
greater financial resources than we do. Some traditional public and private
colleges and universities, as well as other private career-oriented schools,
offer programs that may be perceived by students to be similar to ours. Most
public institutions are able to charge lower tuition than our schools, due
in
part to government subsidies and other financial resources not available to
for-profit schools. Some of our competitors also have substantially greater
financial and other resources than we have which may, among other things, allow
our competitors to secure strategic relationships with some or all of our
existing strategic partners or develop other high profile strategic
relationships or devote more resources to expanding their programs and their
school network, all of which could affect the success of our marketing programs.
In addition, some of our competitors already have a more extended or dense
network of schools and campuses than we do, enabling them to recruit students
more effectively from a wider geographic area. If we are unable to compete
effectively with these institutions for students, our student enrollments and
revenues will be adversely affected.
We
may be
required to reduce tuition or increase spending in response to competition
in
order to retain or attract students or pursue new market opportunities. As
a
result, our market share, revenues and operating margin may be decreased. We
cannot be sure that we will be able to compete successfully against current
or
future competitors or that the competitive pressures we face will not adversely
affect our revenues and profitability.
We
may experience business interruptions resulting from natural disasters,
inclement weather, transit disruptions, or other events in one or more of the
geographic areas in which we operate.
We
may
experience business interruptions resulting from natural disasters, inclement
weather, transit disruptions, or other events in one or more of the geographic
areas in which we operate. These events could cause us to close schools —
temporarily or permanently — and could affect student recruiting
opportunities in those locations, causing enrollment and revenues to decline.
Our
financial performance depends in part on our ability to continue to develop
awareness and acceptance of our programs among high school graduates and working
adults looking to return to school.
The
awareness of our programs among high school graduates and working adults looking
to return to school is critical to the continued acceptance and growth of our
programs. Our inability to continue to develop awareness of our programs could
reduce our enrollments and impair our ability to increase our revenues or
maintain profitability. The following are some of the factors that could prevent
us from successfully marketing our programs:
·
|
Student
dissatisfaction with our programs and
services;
|
·
|
Diminished
access to high school student
populations;
|
·
|
Our
failure to maintain or expand our brand or other factors related
to our
marketing or advertising practices;
and
|
·
|
Our
inability to maintain relationships with automotive, diesel, healthcare,
skilled trades and IT, and spa and culinary manufacturers and
suppliers.
|
If
students fail to pay their outstanding balances, our profitability will be
adversely affected.
We
offer
a variety of payment plans to help students pay the portion of their education
expense not covered by financial aid programs. These balances are unsecured
and
not guaranteed. Although we have reserved for estimated losses related to unpaid
student balances, losses in excess of the amounts we have reserved for bad
debts
will result in a reduction in our profitability.
An
increase in interest rates could adversely affect our ability to attract and
retain students.
Interest
rates have reached historical lows in recent years, creating a favorable
borrowing environment for our students. Much of the financing our students
receive is tied to floating interest rates. However, interest rates have
increased in the recent months resulting in a corresponding increase in the
cost
to our existing and prospective students of financing their education. Higher
interest rates could also contribute to higher default rates with respect to
our
students' repayment of their education loans. Higher default rates may in turn
adversely impact our eligibility for Title IV Program participation or the
willingness of private lenders to make private loan programs available to
students who attend our schools, which could result in a reduction in our
student population.
Seasonal
and other fluctuations in our results of operations could adversely affect
the
trading price of our common stock.
Our
results of operations fluctuate as a result of seasonal variations in our
business, principally due to changes in
total
student population. Student population varies as a result of new student
enrollments, graduations and student attrition. Historically, our schools have
had lower student populations in our first and second quarters and we have
experienced large class starts in the third and fourth quarters and student
attrition in the first half of the year. Our second half growth is largely
dependent on a successful recruiting season. Our expenses, however, do not
vary
significantly over the course of the year with changes in our student population
and net revenues. We expect quarterly fluctuations in results of operations
to
continue as a result of seasonal enrollment patterns. Such patterns may change,
however, as a result of acquisitions, new school openings, new program
introductions and increased enrollments of adult students. These fluctuations
may result in volatility or have an adverse effect on the market price of our
common stock.
Our
total assets include substantial intangible assets. The write-off of a
significant portion of unamortized intangible assets would negatively affect
our
results of operations.
Our
total
assets reflect substantial intangible assets. At December 31, 2006, goodwill
and
identified intangibles, net, represented approximately 38.5% of total assets.
Intangible assets consist of goodwill and other identified intangible assets
associated with our acquisitions. On at least an annual basis, we assess whether
there has been an impairment in the value of goodwill and other intangible
assets with indefinite lives. If the carrying value of the tested asset exceeds
its estimated fair value, impairment is deemed to have occurred. In this
event, the amount is written down to fair value. Under current accounting
rules, this would result in a charge to operating earnings. Any determination
requiring the write-off of a significant portion of unamortized goodwill and
identified intangible assets would negatively affect our results of operations
and total capitalization, which could be material.
We
cannot predict our future capital needs, and if we are unable to secure
additional financing when needed, our operations and revenues would be adversely
affected.
We
may
need to raise additional capital in the future to fund our operations, expand
our markets and program offerings or respond to competitive pressures or
perceived opportunities. We cannot be sure that additional financing will be
available to us on favorable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not
available when required or on acceptable terms, we may be forced to cease our
operations and, even if we are able to continue our operations, our ability
to
increase student enrollments and revenues would be adversely
affected.
Our
schools' failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations governing
our
activities could result in financial penalties and other costs which could
adversely impact our results of operations.
We
use
hazardous materials at some of our schools and generate small quantities of
waste, such as used oil, antifreeze, paint and car batteries. As a result,
our
schools are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations
governing, among other things, the use, storage and disposal of solid and
hazardous substances and waste, and the clean-up of contamination at our
facilities or off-site locations to which we send or have sent waste for
disposal. In the event we do not maintain compliance with any of these laws
and
regulations, or are responsible for a spill or release of hazardous materials,
we could incur significant costs for clean-up, damages, and fines or penalties
which could adversely impact our results of operations.
Approximately
27% of our schools are concentrated in the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania
and a change in the general economic or regulatory conditions in these states
could increase our costs and have an adverse effect on our
revenues.
As
of
December 31, 2006, we operated 37 campuses in 17 states. Ten of those
schools are located in the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. As a result
of
this geographic concentration, any material change in general economic
conditions in New Jersey or Pennsylvania could reduce our student enrollment
in
our schools located in these states and thereby reduce our revenues. In
addition, the legislatures in the states of New Jersey and/or Pennsylvania
could
change the laws in those states or adopt regulations regarding private,
for-profit post-secondary coeducation institutions which could place additional
burdens on us. If we were unable to comply with any such new legislation, we
could be prohibited from operating in those jurisdictions, which could reduce
our revenues.
The
number of lenders and financial institutions that make federally guaranteed
student loans and that guarantee Title IV loans is relatively small.
The
loss of any of these lenders or guarantors could cause a material adverse effect
on our revenues.
In
2006,
seven lenders provided funding to more than 90% of the students at the schools
we owned. While we believe that other lenders would be willing to make federally
guaranteed student loans to our students if loans were no longer available
from
our current lenders, we cannot assure you that there are other lenders who
would
make federally guaranteed loans to our students. If such alternative lenders
were not forthcoming, our enrollment and our results of operations could be
materially and adversely affected.
In
addition, the primary guarantors for the Title IV loans of our students are
USA Group, a subsidiary of Sallie Mae, and New Jersey Higher Education
Assistance Authority, an independent agency of the State of New Jersey. These
two agencies currently guarantee a majority of the federally guaranteed student
loans made to students enrolled at our schools. There are six other guaranty
agencies that guarantee student loans made to students enrolled at our schools.
We believe that other guaranty agencies would be willing to guarantee loans
to
our students if any of these guarantee agencies ceased guaranteeing those loans
or reduced the volume of loans they guarantee; however, if
we
cannot find other guarantors, our enrollment and our revenues could be
materially and adversely affected.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended
and restated bylaws and New Jersey law could discourage a change of control
that
our stockholders may favor, which could negatively affect our stock
price.
Provisions
in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and
restated bylaws and applicable provisions of the New Jersey Business Corporation
Act may make it more difficult and expensive for a third party to acquire
control of us even if a change of control would be beneficial to the interests
of our stockholders. These provisions could discourage potential takeover
attempts and could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. For
example, applicable provisions of the New Jersey Business Corporation Act may
discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging
in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of five
years after the person becomes an interested stockholder. Furthermore, our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws:
·
|
authorize
the issuance of blank check preferred stock that could be issued
by our
board of directors to thwart a takeover
attempt;
|
·
|
prohibit
cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would otherwise
allow holders of less than a majority of stock to elect some
directors;
|
·
|
require
super-majority voting to effect amendments to certain provisions
of our
amended and restated certificate of
incorporation;
|
·
|
limit
who may call special meetings of both the board of directors and
stockholders;
|
·
|
prohibit
stockholder action by non-unanimous written consent and otherwise
require
all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the
stockholders;
|
·
|
establish
advance notice requirements for nominating candidates for election
to the
board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon
by
stockholders at stockholders' meetings;
and
|
·
|
require
that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly created
directorships, be filled only by a majority vote of directors then
in
office.
|
We
can issue shares of preferred stock without shareholder approval, which could
adversely affect the rights of common stockholders.
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits us to establish the
rights, privileges, preferences and restrictions, including voting rights,
of
future series of our preferred stock and to issue such stock without approval
from our stockholders. The rights of holders of our common stock may suffer
as a
result of the rights granted to holders of preferred stock that may be issued
in
the future. In addition, we could issue preferred stock to prevent a change
in
control of our company, depriving common stockholders of an opportunity to
sell
their stock at a price in excess of the prevailing market price.
Our
principal stockholder owns a large percentage of our voting stock which allows
it to control substantially all matters requiring shareholder
approval.
Stonington
Partners Inc. II, or Stonington, our principal stockholder, directly or
indirectly holds approximately 77% of our outstanding shares. Accordingly,
it
controls us through its ability to determine the outcome of the election of
our
directors, to amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and to take
other actions requiring the vote or consent of stockholders, including mergers,
going private transactions and other extraordinary transactions, and the terms
of any of these transactions. The ownership positions of this stockholder may
have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control or
a
change in the composition of our board of directors. In addition, two members
of
our board of directors are partners of Stonington. As a result, Stonington
has
an added ability to influence certain matters, such as determining compensation
of our executive officers.
A
disposition by our principal stockholder of all or a significant portion
of its
shares of our outstanding stock could impact the marker price of our shares
and
result in a change of control.
In
light
of the termination provisions of its fund agreement, Stonington, our largest
stockholder, is currently considering its options with respect to its investment
in us, including the sale of its shares of our outstanding common stock.
A sale
by Stonington of all or a significant portion of its shares of our outstanding
common stock, whether to a single buyer, through open market sales or otherwise,
could cause the price of our common stock to decline. Such a sale could also
result in a change of control under the standards of the DOE and applicable
state education agencies and accrediting commissions. See “Business - Change of
Control” and “Risk Factors -- Risks Related to Our Industry.”
ITEM
1B.
|
UNRESOLVED
STAFF
COMMENTS
|
None.
ITEM
2.
|
PROPERTIES
|
We
lease
all of our facilities, except for our West Palm Beach, Florida campus, our
Nashville, Tennessee campus, our Grand Prairie, Texas campus and our Cincinnati
(Tri-County) campus, which we own. Four of our facilities (Union, New Jersey;
Allentown, Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Grand Prairie, Texas)
are also accounted for by us under a finance lease obligation. We continue
to
re-evaluate our facilities to maximize our facility utilization and efficiency
and to allow us to introduce new programs and attract more students. All of
our
existing leases expire between December 2007 and August 2023, with the
exception of one lease representing a total of 3,000 square feet that we lease
on a month-to-month basis. On
January 1, 2007, we increased our square footage at our Indianapolis, Indiana
campus by approximately 63,000 square feet.
The
following table provides information relating to our facilities as of
December 31, 2006, including our corporate offices:
Location
|
Brand
|
Approximate
Square Footage
|
||
Union,
New Jersey
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
56,000
|
||
Mahwah,
New Jersey
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
79,000
|
||
Allentown,
Pennsylvania
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
26,000
|
||
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
30,000
|
||
Columbia,
Maryland
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
110,000
|
||
Grand
Prairie, Texas
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
146,000
|
||
Queens,
New York
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
48,000
|
||
Edison,
New Jersey
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
64,000
|
||
Mt.
Laurel, New Jersey
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
26,000
|
||
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
29,000
|
||
Northeast
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
25,000
|
||
Plymouth
Meeting, Pennsylvania
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
30,000
|
||
Paramus,
New Jersey
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
27,000
|
||
Brockton,
Massachusetts
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
10,000
|
||
Lincoln,
Rhode Island
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
40,000
|
||
Lowell,
Massachusetts
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
20,000
|
||
Somerville,
Massachusetts
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
33,000
|
||
New
Britain, Connecticut
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
51,000
|
||
Cromwell,
Connecticut
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
12,000
|
||
Hamden,
Connecticut
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
14,000
|
||
Shelton,
Connecticut
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute
|
41,600
|
||
Indianapolis,
Indiana
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
126,000
|
||
Melrose
Park, Illinois
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
67,000
|
||
Denver,
Colorado
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
78,000
|
||
Norcross,
Georgia
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
27,000
|
||
Marietta,
Georgia
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
30,000
|
||
Henderson,
Nevada
|
Lincoln
College of Technology
|
27,000
|
||
West
Palm Beach, Florida
|
Lincoln
College of Technology and Florida Culinary Institute
|
117,000
|
||
Nashville,
Tennessee
|
Nashville
Auto-Diesel College
|
278,000
|
||
Dayton,
Ohio
|
Southwestern
College
|
9,000
|
||
Franklin,
Ohio
|
Southwestern
College
|
14,000
|
||
Cincinnati,
Ohio
|
Southwestern
College
|
10,000
|
||
Cincinnati
(Tri-County), Ohio
|
Southwestern
College
|
25,000
|
||
Florence,
Kentucky
|
Southwestern
College
|
11,000
|
||
Las
Vegas, Nevada
|
Euphoria
Institute
|
13,000
|
||
Henderson,
Nevada
|
Euphoria
Institute
|
20,000
|
||
West
Orange, New Jersey
|
Corporate
Offices
|
41,000
|
We
believe that our facilities are suitable for their present intended
purposes.
ITEM
3.
|
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
|
In
the
ordinary conduct of our business, we are subject to periodic lawsuits,
investigations and claims, including, but not limited to, claims involving
students or graduates and routine employment matters. Although we cannot predict
with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations and claims
asserted against us, we do not believe that any currently pending legal
proceeding to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows.
ITEM
4.
|
SUBMISSION
OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY
HOLDERS
|
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders, through the
solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of
2006.
PART
II.
ITEM
5.
|
MARKET
FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
|
Market
for our Common Stock
Our
common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “LINC”.
The
following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices per share
for
our common stock, as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, for the periods
indicated.
Price
Range of Common Stock
|
|||||||
High
|
Low
|
||||||
Fiscal
Year Ended December 31, 2006:
|
|||||||
First
Quarter
|
$
|
17.28
|
$
|
14.25
|
|||
Second
Quarter
|
$
|
17.09
|
$
|
15.42
|
|||
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
18.25
|
$
|
16.33
|
|||
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
17.06
|
$
|
12.14
|
Price
Range of Common Stock
|
|||||||
High
|
Low
|
||||||
Fiscal
Year Ended December 31, 2005:
|
|||||||
First
Quarter
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
|||
Second
Quarter
|
$
|
20.25
|
$
|
19.11
|
|||
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
21.00
|
$
|
11.67
|
|||
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
15.01
|
$
|
11.80
|
On
March
13, 2007, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global
Market was $12.75 per share. As of March 13, 2006, based on the information
provided by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, there were
approximately 30 stockholders of record of our common stock.
Dividend
Policy
No
cash
dividends were declared or paid in 2006. We anticipate retaining all available
funds to finance future internal growth. Payment of future cash dividends,
if
any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into
account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results,
current and anticipated cash needs and plans for expansion.
Stock
Performance Graph
This
stock performance graph compares the Company’s total cumulative stockholder
return on its common stock during the period from June 23, 2005 (the date on
which our common stock first traded on the Nasdaq Global Market) through
December 31, 2006 with the cumulative return on the Russell 2000 Index and
a
Peer Issuer Group Index. The peer issuer group consists of the companies
identified below, which were selected on the basis of the similar nature of
their business. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on June 23, 2005,
and
any dividends were reinvested on the date on which they were paid.
The
information provided under the heading "Stock Performance Graph" shall not
be
considered "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act
of
1934 or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of
1933
or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company
specifically incorporates it by reference into a filing.
Companies
in the Peer Group include Apollo Group, Inc., Corinthian Colleges, Inc., Career
Education Corp., DeVry, Inc., Education Management Corporation, ITT Educational
Services, Inc., Strayer Education, Inc. and Universal Technical Institute,
Inc.
Securities
Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The
Company has various equity compensation plans under which equity securities
are
authorized for issuance. Information regarding these securities as of
December 31, 2006 is as follows:
Plan
Category
|
Number
of Securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options,
warrants
and rights
|
Weighted-average
exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and
rights
|
Number
of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity
compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in
column
|
|||||||
Equity
compensation plans approved by security holders
|
1,728,225
|
$
|
8.85
|
1,015,450
|
||||||
Equity
compensation plans not approved by security holders
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
-
|
||||||
Total
|
1,728,225
|
$
|
8.85
|
1,015,450
|
ITEM
6.
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL
DATA
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The
following table sets forth our selected historical consolidated financial and
operating data as of the dates and for the periods indicated. You should read
these data together with Item 7 - "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial
statements and the notes thereto included in Part II. Item 8 of this filing.
The
selected historical consolidated statement of operations data for each of the
years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2006 have been derived
from our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere
in this Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated statements of operations
data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 and historical
consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 have
been derived from our consolidated financial information not included in this
Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future
results.
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
2003
|
2002
|
||||||||||||
(In
thousands, except per share amounts)
|
||||||||||||||||
Statement
of Operations Data:
|
||||||||||||||||
Revenues
|
$
|
321,506
|
$
|
299,221
|
$
|
261,233
|
$
|
198,574
|
$
|
139,201
|
||||||
Cost
and expenses:
|
||||||||||||||||
Educational
services and facilities (1)
|
136,631
|
121,524
|
104,843
|
85,201
|
66,580
|
|||||||||||
Selling,
general and administrative (2)
|
157,309
|
145,194
|
130,941
|
97,714
|
71,753
|
|||||||||||
(Gain)
loss on sale of assets
|
(435
|
)
|
(7
|
)
|
368
|
(22
|
)
|
(1,082
|
)
|
|||||||
Total
costs & expenses
|
293,505
|
266,711
|
236,152
|
182,893
|
137,251
|
|||||||||||
Operating
income
|
28,001
|
32,510
|
25,081
|
15,681
|
1,950
|
|||||||||||
Other:
|
||||||||||||||||
Gain
on sale of securities
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
211
|
-
|
|||||||||||
Interest
income
|
981
|
775
|
104
|
133
|
212
|
|||||||||||
Interest
expense (3)
|
(2,291
|
)
|
(2,892
|
)
|
(3,007
|
)
|
(2,758
|
)
|
(2,937
|
)
|
||||||
Other
(loss) income
|
(132
|
)
|
243
|
42
|
307
|
-
|
||||||||||
Income
(loss) before income taxes
|
26,559
|
30,636
|
22,220
|
13,574
|
(775
|
)
|
||||||||||
Provision
(benefit) for income taxes
|
11,007
|
11,927
|
9,242
|
5,355
|
(101
|
)
|
||||||||||
Net
income (loss)
|
$
|
15,552
|
$
|
18,709
|
$
|
12,978
|
$
|
8,219
|
$
|
(674
|
)
|
|||||
Earnings
per share - basic:
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
income (loss) available to common stockholders
|
$
|
0.61
|
$
|
0.80
|
$
|
0.60
|
$
|
0.38
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|||||
Earnings
per share - diluted:
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
income (loss) available to common stockholders
|
$
|
0.60
|
$
|
0.76
|
$
|
0.56
|
$
|
0.37
|
$
|
(0.03
|
)
|
|||||
Weighted
average number of common shares outstanding:
|
||||||||||||||||
Basic
|
25,336
|
23,475
|
21,676
|
21,667
|
21,662
|
|||||||||||
Diluted
|
26,086
|
24,503
|
23,095
|
22,364
|
21,662
|
|||||||||||
Other
Data:
|
||||||||||||||||
Capital
expenditures
|
$
|
19,341
|
$
|
22,621
|
$
|
23,813
|
$
|
13,154
|
$
|
3,598
|
||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
14,866
|
13,064
|
10,749
|
9,879
|
7,201
|
|||||||||||
Number
of campuses
|
37
|
34
|
28
|
23
|
23
|
|||||||||||
Average
student population
|
18,081
|
17,869
|
16,266
|
12,487
|
9,155
|
|||||||||||
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
||||||||||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
6,461
|
$
|
50,257
|
$
|
41,445
|
$
|
48,965
|
$
|
11,079
|
||||||
Working
(deficit) capital (4)
|
(20,943
|
)
|
8,531
|
4,570
|
13,402
|
(11,287
|
)
|
|||||||||
Total
assets
|
226,216
|
214,792
|
162,729
|
139,355
|
92,562
|
|||||||||||
Total
debt (5)
|
9,860
|
10,768
|
46,829
|
43,060
|
22,682
|
|||||||||||
Total
stockholders' equity
|
151,783
|
135,990
|
58,086
|
42,924
|
33,905
|
(1) Educational
services and facilities expenses include a charge of $0.2 million for the year
ended December 31, 2005 related to catch-up depreciation resulting from the
reclassification of our property in Indianapolis, Indiana from property held
for
sale to property, equipment and facilities as of September 30,
2005.
(2) Selling,
general and administrative expenses include (a) a $2.1 million charge
for the year ended December 31, 2004 to give effect to the one-time
write-off of deferred offering costs, (b) compensation costs of
approximately $1.2 million, $1.3 million, $1.8 million, $0.8 million
and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005, 2004,
2003 and 2002, respectively, related to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R,
"Share Based Payment," (c) a $0.7 million one-time non-cash charge for
the year ended December 31, 2004 related to the timing of rent expense for
our schools during the period of construction of leasehold improvements and
to
align the depreciation lives of our leasehold improvements to the terms of
our
noncancellable leases, including renewal options, (d) a $0.5 million write-off
for the year ended December 31, 2005 resulting from our decision not to purchase
the site we had considered for expansion of our facility in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, and (e) $0.9 million of re-branding cost for the year ended
December 31, 2006.
(3) Interest
expense includes a $0.4 million non-cash charge for the year ended
December 31, 2005 resulting from the write-off of deferred finance costs
under our previous credit agreement.
(4) Working
(deficit) capital is defined as current assets less current
liabilities.
(5) Total
debt consists of long-term debt including current portion, capital leases,
auto
loans and a finance obligation of $9.7 million for each of the years in the
five year period ended December 31, 2006 incurred in connection with a
sale-leaseback transaction as further described in Note 9 to the
consolidated financial statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this Form
10-K.
ITEM
7.
|
MANAGEMENT'S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
|
You
should read the following discussion together with the “Selected Financial
Data,” “Forward Looking Statements” and the consolidated financial statements
and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. This
discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s
current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and
operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently
anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of
a
number of factors, including those we discuss under “Risk Factors,” “Forward
Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
GENERAL
We
are a
leading and diversified for-profit provider of career-oriented post-secondary
education. We offer recent high school graduates and working adults degree
and
diploma programs in five areas of study: automotive technology, health sciences,
skilled trades, business and information technology and spa and culinary. Each
area of study is specifically designed to appeal to and meet the educational
objectives of our student population, while also satisfying the criteria
established by industry and employers. The resulting diversification limits
dependence on any one industry for enrollment growth or placement opportunities
and broadens potential branches for introducing new programs. As of December
31,
2006, we enrolled 17,167 students at our 37 campuses across 17 states. Our
campuses primarily attract students from their local communities and surrounding
areas, although our five destination schools attract students from across the
United States, and in some cases, from abroad.
As
of
January 2007, we had completed our re-branding initiative. As a result, 29
of
our 37 campuses nationwide now operate under the Lincoln name. In addition
to
Lincoln College Online, we now operate 5 related brands: Lincoln Technical
Institute, Lincoln College of Technology, Nashville Auto-Diesel College (NADC),
Southwestern College and Euphoria. Uniform national brands are expected to
allow
us greater advertising leverage and consistency of message, which will serve
to
strengthen appeal to students in both local and destination markets. Lincoln’s
Cittone Institute schools in New Jersey and Pennsylvania as well as the
Massachusetts and Rhode Island Career Education Institute (CEI) schools were
re-branded as Lincoln Technical Institute. The West Palm Beach campuses
(Formerly New England Institute of Technology), Marietta, Georgia, Norcross,
Georgia, and Henderson, Nevada campuses (formerly Career Education Institute
-
CEI), the Connecticut campuses (formerly New England Technical Institute, or
NETI) and Denver, Colorado, were re-branded Lincoln College of Technology.
Included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended
December 31, 2006 are approximately $0.9 million of costs incurred in connection
with this initiative.
From
1999
through December 31, 2006, we have increased our geographic footprint and
added 17 additional schools through our acquisitions of: Denver
Automotive & Diesel College in 2000 (one school), Career Education
Institute in 2001 (two schools), Nashville Auto-Diesel College in 2003 (one
school), Southwestern College in 2004 (five schools), New England Technical
Institute (four schools) in January 2005, Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts
and
Sciences (two schools) in December 2005 and New England Institute of Technology
at Palm Beach, Inc. in May 2006 (two schools). Our campuses, a majority of
which
serve major metropolitan markets, are located throughout the United States.
Five
of our campuses are destination schools, which attract students from across
the
United States and, in some cases, from abroad. Our other campuses primarily
attract students from their local communities and surrounding areas. All of
our
schools are nationally accredited and are eligible to participate in federal
financial aid programs. Southwestern College received an executed provisional
program participation agreement from the DOE. In connection with each of our
acquisitions of New England Technical Institute, Euphoria Institute of Beauty
Arts & Sciences, and New England Institute of Technology at Palm Beach, we
received an executed provisional program participation agreement from the
DOE.
Our
revenues consist primarily of student tuition and fees derived from the programs
we offer and are presented as revenues after reductions related to scholarships
for students who withdraw from our programs prior to specified dates. We
recognize revenues from tuition and one-time fees, such as application fees,
ratably over the length of a program, including internships or externships
that
take place prior to graduation. We also earn revenues from our bookstores,
dormitories, cafeterias and contract training services. These non-tuition
revenues are
recognized upon delivery of goods or as services are performed and represent
less than 10% of our revenues.
Tuition
varies by school and by program and on average we increase tuition once a year
by 2% to 5%. Our ability to raise tuition is influenced by the demand for our
programs and by the rate of tuition increase at other post-secondary schools.
If
historical trends continue, we expect to be able to continue to raise tuition
annually at comparable rates.
We
have
historically enjoyed strong revenue growth. In 2006, our growth resulted from
strategic acquisitions and prior to 2006 we also enjoyed strong organic growth.
Our revenues have increased 7.4% and 14.5% in 2006 and 2005, respectively,
over
the prior years as we grew from 28 campuses at December 31, 2004 to 37
campuses at December 31, 2006. During this same time period our average
student population increased from 16,266 for the year ended December 31,
2004 to 18,081 for the year ended December 31, 2006. While we expect to
increase our revenues and enrollments in the foreseeable future as a result
of
both organic growth and strategic acquisitions, we can give no assurance as
to
our ability to continue to increase our revenues at historical rates and expect
our rate of revenue increases to moderate over time as we become a larger and
more mature company.
Our
operating expenses while also a function of our revenue growth also contain
a
high fixed cost component. Our educational services and facilities expenses
and
selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue
increased in 2006 from 2005 levels as we experienced lower student enrollments
and thus lower capacity utilization across our schools. Our educational services
and facilities expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 42.5% in 2006
from 40.6% in 2005 and 40.1% in 2004, and selling, general and administrative
expenses increased as a percentage of revenue to 48.9% in 2006 from 48.5% in
2005 and decreased from 50.1% in 2004. We expect that in the future these
expenses will decline slightly as a percentage of revenues as we achieve better
operating efficiencies and utilization at our schools.
Our
revenues are directly dependent on our average number of students enrolled
and
the particular courses they are taking. Our enrollment is influenced by the
number of new students starting, re-entering, graduating and withdrawing from
our schools. In addition, our programs range from 14 to 105 weeks and students
attend classes for different amounts of time per week depending on the school
and program in which they are enrolled. Because we start new students every
month, our total student population changes monthly. The number of students
enrolling or re-entering our programs each month is driven by the demand for
our
programs, the effectiveness of our marketing and advertising, the availability
of financial aid and other sources of funding, the number of recent high school
graduates and seasonality. Our retention and graduation rates are influenced
by
the quality and commitment of our teachers and student services personnel,
the
effectiveness of our programs, the placement rate and success of our graduates
and the availability of financial aid. Although similar courses have comparable
tuition rates, the tuition rates vary among our numerous programs. As more
of
our schools receive approval to offer associate degree programs, which are
longer than our diploma degree programs, we would expect our average enrollments
and the average length of stay of our students to increase.
The
majority of students enrolled at our schools rely on funds received under
various government-sponsored student financial aid programs to pay a substantial
portion of their tuition and other education-related expenses. The largest
of
these programs are Title IV Programs which represented approximately 80.1%
of
our cash receipts relating to revenues in 2006.
We
extend
credit for tuition and fees to many of our students that are in attendance
in
our campuses. In addition, we also participated in a private recourse lending
agreement with SLM Financial Corporation where we had credit risk for student
loan defaults up to 30% of funds disbursed under the agreement. The agreement
had a disbursement limit of $6 million. The agreement terminated by its terms
on
June 30, 2006. Our credit risk is mitigated through the student’s participation
in federally funded financial aid programs unless students withdraw prior to
the
receipt by us of Title IV funds for those students. Under Title IV programs,
the
government funds a certain portion of a students’ tuition, with the remainder,
referred to as “the gap,” financed by students themselves under private party
loans, including credit extended by us. The gap amount has continued to increase
over the last several years as we have raised tuition on average for the last
several years by 2% to 5% per year, while funds received from Title IV programs
have remained constant. Thus, a significant number of students are required
to
finance amounts that could range between $2,000, and in some cases, as much
as
$14,000 per year. As a result of the above, during 2006 our bad debt expense
as
a percentage of revenues increased to 4.8% from 3.7% and 3.5%, respectively
in
2005 and 2004.
All
institutions participating in Title IV Programs must satisfy specific standards
of financial responsibility. The DOE evaluates institutions for compliance
with
these standards each year, based on the institution’s annual audited financial
statements, as well as following a change in ownership resulting in a change
of
control of the institution.
Based
on
audited financial statements for the 2006, 2005 and 2004 fiscal years our
calculations result in a composite score of 1.7, 2.5 and 1.8, respectively.
The
DOE has confirmed that we received a passing composite score of 1.5 or more
for
the 2003 fiscal year. However, as a result of the corrections of certain
errors, including accounting for advertising costs, a sale leaseback
transaction, rent and certain other individually insignificant adjustments,
in
our prior financial statements, the DOE recomputed our consolidated composite
scores for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2002 and concluded that
the recomputed consolidated composite scores for those two years were below
1.0.
In addition, we identified
certain additional errors in our financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2003 relating to our accounting for stock-based compensation
and accrued bonuses that did not result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite
score. The DOE has informed us that as a result, for a period of three years
effective December 30, 2004, all of our current and future institutions
have been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status." As a result,
we
are subject to a less favorable Title IV fund payment system that requires
us to
credit student accounts before drawing down Title IV funds and are also required
to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain enumerated oversight and
financial events. The DOE also informed us that these corrections will be taken
into consideration when each of our institutions applies for recertification
of
its eligibility to participate in Title IV Programs. When each of our
institutions is next required to apply for recertification to participate in
Title IV Programs, we expect that the DOE will also consider our audited
financial statements and composite scores for our most recent fiscal year as
well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002. Additionally, since the
DOE
concluded that the previously computed composite scores for 2001 and 2002 were
overstated, we agreed to pay $165,000 to the DOE, pursuant to a settlement
agreement, with respect to compliance issues related to this matter. We paid
this amount on March 3, 2005.
Although
no assurance can be given, we do not believe that the actions of the DOE
specified above will have a material effect on our financial position, results
of operations or cash flows since we have always operated our business in a
manner similar to an institution operating under "Heightened Cash Monitoring,
Type 1 status" and accordingly, it has been our policy to credit student
accounts before drawing down Title IV funds. We also do not believe the
additional reporting requirements will cause an undue burden on our
operations.
An
institution is required to operate under "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type
1
status," if it has a composite score between 1.0 and 1.4. If an institution's
composite score is below 1.0, the institution is considered by the DOE to lack
financial responsibility and, as a condition of Title IV Program participation,
the institution may be required to, among other things, post a letter of credit
in an amount of at least 10 to 50 percent of the institution's annual Title
IV Program participation for its most recent fiscal year. A composite score
under 1.0 in any future year could have an adverse effect on our operations
and
would result in a default under our new credit agreement and could result in
an
acceleration of the debt under our new credit agreement.
The
operating expenses associated with an existing school do not increase
proportionally as the number of students enrolled at the school increases.
We
categorize our operating expenses as (1) educational services and
facilities and (2) selling, general and administrative.
·
|
Major
components of educational services and facilities expenses include
faculty
compensation and benefits, expenses of books and tools, facility
rent,
maintenance, utilities, depreciation and amortization of property
and
equipment used in the provision of education services and other costs
directly associated with teaching our programs and providing educational
services to our students.
|
·
|
Selling,
general and administrative expenses include compensation and benefits
of
employees who are not directly associated with the provision of
educational services (such as executive management and school management,
finance and central accounting, legal, human resources and business
development), marketing and student enrollment expenses (including
compensation and benefits of personnel employed in sales and marketing
and
student admissions), costs to develop curriculum, costs of professional
services, bad debt expense, rent for our corporate headquarters,
depreciation and amortization of property and equipment that is not
used
in the provision of educational services and other costs that are
incidental to our operations. All marketing and student enrollment
expenses are recognized in the period incurred.
|
We
use
advertising to attract a substantial portion of our yearly student enrollments.
While we utilize a mix of different advertising mediums, including television,
internet and direct mail, we rely heavily on television advertising. The cost
of
television advertising has been increasing faster than the pace of student
tuition increases and the cost of living index. Continued increases in the
cost
of television advertising may have a material impact on our operating
margins.
External
costs associated with the implementation of our student management and reporting
system decreased over the last year as we utilized more internal staff in
continuing the rollout of a new student management and reporting system. We
expect the roll-out of this system to continue through the third quarter of
2007. We believe that the investment in our student management and reporting
system will improve services to students and our ability to integrate new
schools into our operations, if and when new schools are opened or acquired.
We
anticipate that the cost to complete the continued roll-out of our new student
management and reporting system will be approximately $0.5 million. We
anticipate funding these costs with cash provided by operating activities and
cash on hand or alternatively with borrowings under our credit agreement.
Included in selling, general and administrative expenses are costs related
to
this roll out of approximately $0.4 million, $1.8 million and $0.5 million,
respectively for each of the three years ended December 31, 2006.
Costs
related to developing and starting-up new facilities are expensed as incurred.
Costs related to our start up facility in Queens, New York, which opened March
27, 2006, were approximately $0.9 million, $1.6 million and $0.1
million, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006.
ACQUISITIONS
Acquisitions
have been, and will continue to be, a component of our growth strategy. We
have
a team of professionals who conduct financial, operational and regulatory due
diligence as well as a team that integrates acquisitions with our policies,
procedures and systems.
On
May
22, 2006, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired all of the
outstanding common stock of New England Institute of Technology at Palm Beach,
Inc., or FLA, for approximately $40.1 million. The purchase price was $32.9
million, net of cash acquired plus the assumption of a mortgage note for $7.2
million. The FLA purchase price has been allocated to identifiable net assets
with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the
net
assets acquired recorded as goodwill.
On
December 1, 2005, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company acquired all of
the
rights, title and interest in the assets of Euphoria Institute LLC, or EUP,
for
approximately $9.2 million, net of cash acquired.
On
January 11, 2005, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company acquired all of
the
rights, title and interest in the assets of New England Technical Institute,
or
NETI, for approximately $18.8 million, net of cash acquired.
On
January 23, 2004, the Company acquired all of the rights, title and
interest in the assets of the Southwestern College of Business, Inc., or
Southwestern or SWC, for approximately $14.5 million, net of cash acquired.
Included in this purchase price is certain real estate which was acquired from
Southwestern for $0.7 million.
CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Our
discussions of our financial condition and results of operations are based
upon
our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America,
or GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. On an ongoing
basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to
revenue recognition, bad debts, fixed assets, goodwill and other intangible
assets, income taxes and certain accruals. Actual results could differ from
those estimates. The critical accounting policies discussed herein are not
intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many
cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically
dictated by GAAP and does not result in significant management judgment in
the
application of such principles. There are also areas in which management's
judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially
different result from the result derived from the application of our critical
accounting policies. We believe that the following accounting policies are
most
critical to us in that they represent the primary areas where financial
information is subject to the application of management's estimates, assumptions
and judgment in the preparation of our consolidated financial
statements.
Revenue
recognition. Revenues
are derived primarily from programs taught at our schools. Tuition revenues
and
one-time fees, such as nonrefundable application fees, and course material
fees
are recognized on a straight-line basis over the length of the applicable
program, which is the period of time from a student's start date through his
or
her graduation date, including internships or externships that take place prior
to graduation. If a student withdraws from a program prior to a specified date,
any paid but unearned tuition is refunded. Refunds are calculated and paid
in
accordance with federal, state and accrediting agency standards. Other revenues,
such as textbook sales, tool sales and contract training revenues are recognized
as services are performed or goods are delivered. On an individual student
basis, tuition earned in excess of cash received is recorded as accounts
receivable, and cash received in excess of tuition earned is recorded as
unearned tuition.
Allowance
for uncollectible accounts. Based
upon experience and judgment, we establish an allowance for uncollectible
accounts with respect to tuition receivables. We use an internal group of
collectors, augmented by third-party collectors as deemed appropriate, in our
collection efforts. In establishing our allowance for uncollectible accounts,
we
consider, among other things, a student's status (in-school or out-of-school),
whether or not additional financial aid funding will be collected from Title
IV
Programs or other sources, whether or not a student is currently making
payments, and overall collection history. Changes in trends in any of these
areas may impact the allowance for uncollectible accounts. The receivables
balances of withdrawn students with delinquent obligations are reserved for
based on our collection history. Although we believe that our reserves are
adequate, if the financial condition of our students deteriorates, resulting
in
an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may
be
necessary, which will result in increased selling, general and administrative
expenses in the period such determination is made.
Our
bad
debt expense as a percentage of revenues for the years ended December 31,
2006, 2005 and 2004 was 4.8%, 3.7% and 3.5%, respectively. Our exposure to
changes in our bad debt expense could impact our operations. A 1% increase
in
our bad debt expense as a percentage of revenues for the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 would have resulted in an increase in bad
debt expense of $3.2 million, $3.0 million and $2.6 million,
respectively.
Because
a
substantial portion of our revenues is derived from Title IV Programs, any
legislative or regulatory action that significantly reduces the funding
available under Title IV Programs or the ability of our students or schools
to
participate in Title IV Programs could have a material effect on the
realizability of our receivables.
Goodwill. We
test our goodwill for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred, by comparing its fair
value to its carrying value. Impairment may result from, among other things,
deterioration in the performance of the acquired business, adverse market
conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes
that restrict the activities of the acquired business, and a variety of other
circumstances. If we determine that impairment has occurred, we are required
to
record a write-down of the carrying value and charge the impairment as an
operating expense in the period the determination is made. In evaluating the
recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived
intangible assets, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash
flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the acquired assets.
Changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact these
judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded
balances.
Goodwill
represents a significant portion of our total assets. As of December 31, 2006,
goodwill represented approximately $85.0 million, or 37.6%, of our total assets.
At December 31, 2006, we tested our goodwill for impairment utilizing a market
capitalization approach and determined that we did not have an impairment.
Stock-based
compensation. We
currently account for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, “Share
Based Payment.”
Effective January 1, 2004, we elected to change our accounting policies
from the use of the intrinsic value method of Accounting Principles Board
("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation"
to the
fair value-based method of accounting for options as prescribed by SFAS No.
123
“Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation”.
As
permitted under SFAS No. 148, "Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation—Transitions and Disclosure—an amendment to SFAS
Statement No. 123,"
we
elected to retroactively restate all periods presented. Because no market for
our common stock existed prior to our initial public offering, our board of
directors determined the fair value of our common stock based upon several
factors, including our operating performance, forecasted future operating
results, and our expected valuation in an initial public offering.
Prior
to
our initial public offering, we valued the exercise price of options issued
to
employees using a market based approach. This approach took into consideration
the value ascribed to our competitors by the market. In determining the fair
value of an option at the time of grant, we reviewed contemporaneous information
about our peers, which included a variety of market multiples, including, but
not limited to, revenue, EBITDA, net income, historical growth rates and
market/industry focus. During 2004, the value we ascribed to stock options
granted was based upon our anticipated initial public offering as well as
discussions with our investment advisors. Due to the number of peer companies
in
our sector, we believed using public company comparisons provided a better
indication of how the market values companies in the for-profit post secondary
education sector.
During
2005, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, “Share Based Payment”. The
adoption of SFAS No. 123R did not have a material impact on our financial
statements.
Bonus
costs. We
accrue the estimated cost of our bonus programs using current financial and
statistical information as compared to targeted financial achievements and
actual student graduate outcomes. Although we believe our estimated liability
recorded for bonuses is reasonable, actual results could differ and require
adjustment of the recorded balance.
Results
of Operations for the Three Years Ended December 31,
2006
The
following table sets forth selected consolidated statements of operations data
as a percentage of revenues for each of the periods indicated:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
Revenues
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
100.0
|
%
|
||||
Costs
and expenses:
|
||||||||||
Educational
services and facilities
|
42.5
|
40.6
|
40.1
|
|||||||
Selling,
general and administrative
|
48.9
|
48.5
|
50.1
|
|||||||
(Gain)
loss on sale of assets
|
(0.1
|
)
|
0.0
|
0.2
|
||||||
Total
costs and expenses
|
91.3
|
89.1
|
90.4
|
|||||||
Operating
income
|
8.7
|
10.9
|
9.6
|
|||||||
Interest
expense, net
|
(0.4
|
)
|
(0.8
|
)
|
(1.1
|
)
|
||||
Other
Income
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
|||||||
Income
before income taxes
|
8.3
|
10.1
|
8.5
|
|||||||
Provision
for income taxes
|
3.4
|
3.9
|
3.5
|
|||||||
Net
income
|
4.8
|
%
|
6.3
|
%
|
5.0
|
%
|
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2005
Revenues. Revenues
increased by $22.3 million, or 7.4%, to $321.5 million for 2006 from
$299.2 million for 2005. Approximately $5.4 million and $10.4 million,
respectively, of this increase was a result of our acquisition of Euphoria
on
December 1, 2005 and our acquisition of New England Institute of Technology
at
Palm Beach, Inc. (“FLA”), on May 22, 2006. The remainder of the increase was due
to tuition increases, which ranged between 2% and 5% annually depending on
the
program. Substantially all of our revenues consist of student tuition. For
the
year ended December 31, 2006, our average undergraduate full-time student
enrollment increased 1.2% to 18,081 compared to 17,869 for the year ended
December 31, 2005. Excluding our acquisition of Euphoria and FLA, our average
undergraduate student enrollment decreased by 3.8% to 17,176.
Historically,
our schools have lower student populations in our first and second quarters
and
we have experienced large class starts in the third and fourth quarters. Our
second half growth is largely dependent on a successful high school recruiting
season. We recruit our high school students several months ahead of their
scheduled start dates, and thus, while we have visibility on the number of
students who have expressed interest in attending our schools, we cannot predict
with certainty the actual number of new student starts and its related impact
on
revenue.
As
the
third quarter of 2006 progressed, we experienced erosion between the number
of
students who expressed an interest in attending our schools and enrolled, and
those that commenced classes. Many of these prospective students chose immediate
employment, rather than pursuing education in the near term. Moreover, we
believe the attractive job market further elevated sensitivity levels regarding
the affordability of education, given the attractive alternative of immediate
employment.
Educational
services and facilities expenses. Our
educational services and facilities expenses increased by $15.1 million, or
12.4%, to $136.6 million for 2006 from $121.5 million for 2005. Our
acquisitions of Euphoria and FLA accounted for $8.0 million or 53.0% of this
increase. Excluding Euphoria and FLA, instructional expenses and books and
tools
expense increased by $70.0 million or 4.9% and $15.1 million or 9.3%,
respectively, over the prior year primarily due to increased compensation and
benefits expenses and due to higher costs of books and tools. The remainder
of
the increase in educational services and facilities expenses was primarily
due
to facilities expenses which increased $2.6 million over the prior year. Of
this
amount approximately $0.8 million represented additional rent expense in 2006
due to our expanded campus facilities in Lincoln, Rhode Island and NETI as
well
as from normal rent escalation clauses. During the year we also experienced
increased costs for insurance and real estate taxes, which increased
approximately $0.4 million from the prior year, utilities which increased
approximately $0.5 million over the prior year and from repairs and maintenance
expenses, which increased approximately $0.4 million over the prior year.
Educational services and facilities expenses as a percentage of revenues
increased to 42.5% of revenues for 2006 from 40.6% for 2005.
Selling,
general and administrative expenses. Our
selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31,
2006 were $157.3 million, an increase of $12.1 million, or 8.3%, from
$145.2 million for 2005. Approximately $1.5 million and $4.0 million of
this increase were attributed to our acquisitions of Euphoria and FLA,
respectively. The remainder of the increase was primarily due to: (a) a
$1.2 million or 4.0% increase in sales expense resulting mainly from incremental
compensation and benefit expenses related to additional sales representatives;
(b) an 8.2%, or $2.3 million, increase in marketing costs as a result of
increased advertising expenses associated with student leads and enrollment;
(c)
a $2.9 million or 4.0% increase in administrative expenses, excluding Euphoria
and FLA, over the prior year. The increase in administrative expenses included
approximately $0.9 million of re-branding costs incurred during the year. The
remainder of the increase in administrative expenses was attributable to a
higher provision for bad debts in 2006 as compared to 2005. Bad debt expense
in
2006 increased by $4.4 million from $11.2 million in 2005 to $15.6 million
for
the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was due to several factors,
including (1) higher accounts receivable balances throughout the year as
compared to prior year, (2) increased loans to our students under a recourse
agreement we entered into in 2005 with SLM Financial Corporation (SLM) to
provide private recourse loans to qualifying students, and (3) the effect of
increasing the payment terms on the self finance portion of their tuition to
some of our students from 5 years to 7 years. Accounts receivable throughout
the
year included five new campuses that did not exist in 2005 (our two Euphoria
and
two FLA campuses as well as our new Queens, New York campus). Under the terms
of
the SLM agreement, we are required to fund up to 30% of all loans disbursed
into
a deposit account, which may ultimately be utilized to purchase loans in
default. As of December 31, 2006, we had reserved $1.5 million under this
agreement, which represents an increase of $1.1 million from amounts reserved
at
December 31, 2005. Funding under this agreement terminated by its terms on
June
30, 2006.
These
increases were partially offset by lower expenses incurred in rolling out our
campus management and reporting system as well as lower compensation expense,
primarily resulting from a decrease in bonuses to be paid. As a percentage
of
revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses increased to 48.9% of
revenues for 2006 from 48.5% for 2005.
Interest
income. Interest
income increased to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, an
increase of $0.2 million from interest income of $0.8 million for 2005. The
increase in interest income for the year was due to higher average cash balances
during the year, resulting from receipt of $56.3 million of net proceeds from
our initial public offering in June 2005 and cash generated by
operations.
Interest
expense. Interest
expense decreased $0.6 million, or 20.7%, to $2.3 million for 2006
from $2.9 million for 2005. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease
in our average debt balance outstanding as we utilized a portion of the proceeds
from our initial public offering to pay down all amounts outstanding under
our
previous credit agreement in 2005. Interest expense for the year ended December
31, 2005 also included approximately $0.4 million related to the write-off
of
deferred financing costs under our previous credit agreement.
Income
taxes. Our
provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2006 was
$11.0 million, or 41.4% of pretax income, compared to $11.9 million, or
38.9% of pretax income for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in
effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 is attributable to
the
recognition of a tax benefit of $0.8 million in 2005 related to the favorable
resolution of a tax contingency.
Year
Ended December 31, 2005
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2004
Revenues. Revenues
increased by $38.0 million, or 14.5%, to $299.2 million for 2005 from
$261.2 million for 2004. Of this increase, approximately
$16.7 million, or 6.4%, was attributable to the acquisition of New England
Technical Institute, or NETI, on January 11, 2005, while the remainder of the
increase was primarily due to a 3.0% increase in our average undergraduate
full-time student population, which increased to 16,752 for the year ended
December 31, 2005, exclusive of NETI, as compared to 16,266 for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as well as from tuition increases, which ranged between
2%
and 5% annually depending on the program. Growth in average student population
was driven by increased demand for our health sciences and automotive programs
and partially offset by decreased demand for our information technology
programs. Average student population for the year ended December 31, 2005 was
17,869 students, representing an increase of 9.9% compared to average student
enrollment of 16,266 for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Educational
services and facilities expenses. Our
educational services and facilities expenses increased by $16.7 million, or
15.9%, to $121.5 million for 2005 from $104.8 million for 2004. Our
acquisition of NETI accounted for 9.6%, or $10.0 million, of this increase.
Instructional expenses increased by 3.6% over the prior year primarily due
to
increased compensation and benefits expenses. The increase in average student
population also resulted in an increase in books and tools expenses, which
increased 8.2% for the year. The remainder of the increase in educational
services and facilities expenses was primarily due to facilities expenses which
increased $3.5 million over the prior year. Of this amount approximately $1.3
million represented additional rent expense in 2005 as compared to prior year
rent due on our new Queens, New York facility, our expanded campus facilities
in
Lincoln, Rhode Island and Marietta, Georgia, which opened in the latter part
of
2004, and the expansion of our corporate facilities in February 2005. The
increase in our facilities expenses also resulted from an increase in student
meal plan expense of approximately $0.8 million due to new cafeteria facilities
at our Indianapolis, Indiana facility as well as increased population at our
other destination schools. Our facilities expenses also included a charge of
$0.2 million related to catch-up depreciation resulting from the
reclassification of our property in Indianapolis, Indiana from property held
for
sale to property, equipment and facilities as of September 30, 2005. Educational
services and facilities expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 40.6%
of revenues for 2005 from 40.1% for 2004.
Selling,
general and administrative expenses. Our
selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31,
2005 were $145.2 million, an increase of $14.3 million, or 10.9%, from
$130.9 million for 2004. Approximately $5.8 million, or 4.4%, of this
increase was attributed to our acquisition of NETI in January 2005. The
remainder of the increase was primarily due to: (a) a 5.2% increase in
sales expense resulting mainly from incremental compensation and benefit
expenses related to additional sales representatives; (b) a 17.3%, or $3.9
million increase in marketing costs as a result of increased advertising
expenses associated with student leads and enrollment; and (c) a 9.0%
increase in student services expense as a result of our 3.0% growth in average
student population as well as increased expenses incurred to bus our students
at
some of our campuses. For additional information on our accounts receivable
balances, see “Operating Activities “below.
Additionally,
for the year ended December 31, 2005, administrative expenses increased $1.7
million over the prior year. This increase includes approximately $0.5 million
of costs that we wrote-off in December 2005 resulting from our decision not
to
pursue the acquisition of a site we had identified for expanding our facility
in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In December 2005, we made this decision due to
delays in obtaining the necessary variances from the city. The implementation
of
our student management and reporting system also resulted in approximately
$1.3
million of increased costs over 2004. These increases were partially offset
in
2005 with lower compensation expense, primarily resulting from a decrease of
bonuses to be paid in 2005 as compared to 2004. Selling, general and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 48.5% of
revenues for 2005 from 50.1% for 2004.
Interest
income. Interest
income increased to $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, an
increase of $0.7 million from interest income of $0.1 million for 2004. The
increase in interest income for the year was due to higher average cash balances
during the year, resulting from higher cash generated by operations as well
as
our receipt of $56.3 million of net proceeds from our initial public
offering.
Interest
expense. Interest
expense decreased $0.1 million, or 3.8%, to $2.9 million for 2005 from
$3.0 million for 2004. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in our
average debt balance outstanding as we utilized a portion of the proceeds from
our initial public offering to pay down all amounts outstanding under our
previous credit agreement. Interest expense for the year ended December 31,
2005
also included approximately $0.4 million related to the write-off of deferred
financing costs under our previous credit agreement.
Income
taxes. Our
provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2005 was
$11.9 million, or 38.9% of pretax income, compared to $9.2 million, or
41.6% of pretax income for the year ended December 31, 2004. The lower effective
tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was primarily attributable to
the
recognition of a benefit of $0.8 million related to the favorable resolution
of
a tax contingency.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our
primary capital requirements are for facilities expansion and maintenance,
acquisitions and the development of new programs. Our principal sources of
liquidity have been cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under
our credit agreement. The following chart summarizes the principal elements
of
our cash flow for the past three fiscal years ended December 31,
2006:
Cash
Flow
Summary
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
(In
thousands)
|
||||||||||
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
$
|
15,258
|
$
|
38,966
|
$
|
26,674
|
||||
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
$
|
(52,160
|
)
|
$
|
(50,397
|
)
|
$
|
(38,311
|
)
|
|
Net
cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
$
|
(6,894
|
)
|
$
|
20,243
|
$
|
4,117
|
Operating
Activities
As
of
December 31, 2006, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6.5 million,
compared to cash and cash equivalents of $50.3 million as of
December 31, 2005. Historically, we have financed our operating activities
and our organic growth primarily through cash generated from operations. We
have
financed acquisitions primarily through the proceeds from our initial public
offering, borrowings under our credit agreement and cash generated from
operations. Management currently anticipates that we will be able to meet both
our short-term cash needs, as well as our needs to fund operations and meet
our
obligations beyond the next twelve months with cash generated by operations,
existing cash balances and, if necessary, borrowings under our credit agreement.
As of December 31, 2006, we had net borrowings available under our $100 million
credit agreement of $95.6 million, including a sub-limit on letters of credit
of
$15.6 million.
Our
primary source of cash is tuition collected from our students. The majority
of
students enrolled at our schools rely on funds received under various
government-sponsored student financial aid programs to pay a substantial portion
of their tuition and other education-related expenses. The largest of these
programs are Title IV Programs which represented approximately 80.1% of our
cash
receipts relating to revenues in 2006. Students must apply for a new loan for
each academic period. Federal regulations dictate the timing of disbursements
of
funds under Title IV Programs and loan funds are generally provided by lenders
in two disbursements for each academic year. The first disbursement is usually
received approximately 30 days after the start of a student's academic year
and the second disbursement is typically received at the beginning of the
sixteenth week from the start of the student's academic year. Certain types
of
grants and other funding are not subject to a 30-day delay. Our programs range
from 14 to 105 weeks. In certain instances, if a student withdraws from a
program prior to a specified date, any paid but unearned tuition or prorated
Title IV financial aid is refunded and the amount of the refund varies by
state.
As
a
result of the significance of the Title IV funds received by our students,
we
are highly dependent on these funds to operate our business. Any reduction
in
the level of Title IV funds that our students are eligible to receive or any
impact on our ability to be able to receive Title IV funds would have a
significant impact on our operations and our financial condition.
Net
cash
provided by operating activities is attributable primarily to net income
adjusted for depreciation and amortization, non-cash expenses and changes in
working capital items.
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2005. Net
cash provided by operating activities decreased to $15.3 million for 2006
from $39.0 million for 2005. This decrease of $23.7 million, or 60.8%,
was primarily due to a $10.2 million increase in accounts receivable at
December 31, 2006 from December 31, 2005. This increase in accounts receivable
which represents 24.1 days revenues outstanding for 2006 as compared to 17.3
days revenue outstanding in 2005 is attributable to the addition of five
campuses during 2006 as well as the increase in the self-pay portion of our
students’ tuition. As the gap between the amount of funding provided by Title IV
and tuition rates widens, students are finding it increasingly difficult to
finance on a short term basis this portion of their tuition. This has resulted
in an overall increase in the term of loan programs established to assist
students in financing this gap. In an ongoing effort to help those students
who
are unable to obtain any additional sources of financing, we assist students
in
financing a portion of their tuition. Students that elect to participate in
this
financing option currently have up to seven years to repay this obligation,
an
increase of up to two years from the five year term that we previously offered
our students in prior years.
While
the
increase in repayment terms from five to seven years benefits our students
by
decreasing their monthly payments, it adversely impacts our accounts receivable,
our allowance for doubtful accounts and our cash flow from operations. Although
we reserved for estimated losses related to unpaid student balances, losses
in
excess of the amounts we have reserved for bad debts will result in a reduction
in our profitability and can have an adverse impact on the results of our
operations.
Other
significant items impacting cash flow from operations in 2006 versus 2005 were
the impact of the $3.2 million reduction in our net income in 2006 and a $4.8
million increase in cash paid during 2006 for income taxes. The increase in
cash
paid for income taxes during 2006 was due to the
Company having overpaid amounts due in 2005.
Year
Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2004. Net
cash provided by operating activities increased to $39.0 million for 2005 from
$26.7 million for 2004. This increase of $12.3 million, or 46.1%, was
primarily due to a $5.7 million increase in net income, a $1.9 million
increase in our provision for doubtful accounts for the year and taxes currently
payable of approximately $4.1 million. During 2004 we made an extra $2.4 million
in tax payments. The remainder of the increase resulted from changes in other
working capital items.
Investing
Activities
Our
cash
used in investing activities was primarily related to the purchase of property
and equipment and in acquiring schools. Our capital expenditures primarily
result from facility expansion, leasehold improvements, and investments in
classroom and shop technology and in operating systems. On May 22, 2006 we
acquired all of the outstanding common stock of FLA for $32.9 million in cash
and the assumption of a mortgage. On January 11, 2005, we acquired NETI for
$18.8 million in cash and on December 1, 2005, we acquired Euphoria for
approximately $9.0 million in cash.
We
currently lease a majority of our campuses. We own our new Grand Prairie, Texas
campus, our FLA campuses, our Nashville campus and certain buildings in our
Southwestern campuses. As we execute our growth strategy, strategic acquisitions
of campuses may be considered. In addition, although our current growth strategy
is to continue our organic growth, strategic acquisitions of operations will
be
considered. To the extent that these potential strategic acquisitions are large
enough to require financing beyond available cash from operations and borrowings
under our credit facilities, we may incur additional debt or issue additional
debt or equity securities.
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to the Year Ended December 31,
2005. Net
cash used in investing activities increased $1.8 million to
$52.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from
$50.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was
primarily attributable to a $5.1 million increase in cash used in acquisitions
offset by a $3.3 million decrease in capital expenditures for the year ended
December 31, 2006 from the year ended December 31, 2005.
Year
Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2004. Net
cash used in investing activities increased $12.1 million to $50.4 million
for
the year ended December 31, 2005 from $38.3 million for the year ended December
31, 2004. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash used
in acquisitions of $13.3 million in connection with the acquisitions of NETI
and
Euphoria. Capital expenditures decreased to $22.6 million for 2005 from
$23.8 million for 2004. This decrease of $1.2 million was primarily
attributable to the timing of certain expenditures. Our capital expenditures
result primarily from facility expansions, leasehold improvements, investments
in classroom and shop technology and in operating systems.
Capital
expenditures are expected to increase in 2007 as we upgrade and expand current
equipment and facilities or open or expand new facilities to meet increased
student enrollments. We anticipate capital expenditures to range between 10%
to
12% of revenues in 2007 and expect to fund these capital expenditures with
cash
generated from operating activities and, if necessary, with borrowings under
our
credit agreement.
Financing
Activities
Year
Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2005.
Net
cash
used in financing activities was $6.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 2006, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities
of $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease
is attributable to our repaying the mortgage note assumed in our purchase of
FLA
in 2006, reduced by our receipt of the net proceeds from our initial public
offering in 2005 reduced by debt repayments under our previous credit agreement.
Year
Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2004. Net
cash provided by financing activities increased to $20.2 million for the
year ended December 31, 2005 from $4.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004. This increase is mainly attributable to our receipt of
the net proceeds from our initial public offering offset by debt repayments
under our previous credit agreement.
At
December 31, 2004, our wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Lincoln Technical
Institute, Inc., its subsidiaries and Southwestern College had
$35.8 million in loans outstanding and $4.0 million in letters of
credit outstanding under our previous credit agreement that was entered into
at
February 11, 2003 to refinance our prior credit agreement. At
December 31, 2004, the interest rate on the amounts outstanding under our
previous credit agreement ranged from 5.70% to 6.75%.
On
February 15, 2005, we and our subsidiaries entered into a new credit
agreement with a syndicate of banks. This new credit agreement provides for
a
$100 million revolving credit facility with a term of five years under
which any outstanding borrowings bear interest at the rate of adjusted LIBOR
(as
defined in the new credit agreement) plus a margin that may range from 1.00%
to
1.75% or a base rate (as defined in the new credit agreement) plus a margin
that
may range from 0.00% to 0.25%. We did not have any amounts outstanding under
this credit agreement as of December 31, 2006. The new credit agreement permits
the issuance of letters of credit up to an aggregate amount of
$20.0 million, the amount of which reduces the availability of permitted
borrowings under the new credit agreement. We incurred approximately $0.8
million of deferred finance costs under this agreement.
Our
obligations and our subsidiaries’ obligations under the credit agreement are
secured by a lien on substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ assets and
any assets that we and our subsidiaries may acquire in the future, including
a
pledge of substantially all of the subsidiaries’ common stock. In addition to
paying interest on outstanding principal under the credit agreement, we are
required to pay a commitment fee to the lender with respect to the unused
amounts available under the credit agreement at a rate equal to 0.25% to 0.40%
per year, as defined. In connection with our initial public offering in 2005,
we
repaid the then outstanding loan balance of $31.0 million under our credit
facility.
The
credit agreement contains various covenants, including a number of financial
covenants. Furthermore, the credit agreement contains customary events of
default as well as an event of default in the event of the suspension or
termination of Title IV Program funding for our and our subsidiaries' schools
aggregating 10% or more of our EBITDA (as defined in the new credit agreement)
or our and our subsidiaries' consolidated total assets and such suspension
or
termination is not cured within a specified period. The following table sets
forth our long-term debt for the periods indicated:
As
of December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Credit
agreement
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
|||
Finance
obligation
|
9,672
|
9,672
|
|||||
Automobile
loans
|
37
|
81
|
|||||
Capital
leases-computers (with rates ranging from 6.7% to 10.7%)
|
151
|
1,015
|
|||||
Subtotal
|
9,860
|
10,768
|
|||||
Less
current portion
|
(91
|
)
|
(283
|
)
|
|||
Total
long-term debt
|
$
|
9,769
|
$
|
10,485
|
We
believe that our working capital, cash flow from operations, access to operating
leases and borrowings available from our amended credit agreement will provide
us with adequate resources for our ongoing operations through 2007 and our
currently identified and planned capital expenditures.
Contractual
Obligations
Long-Term
Debt. As
of December 31, 2006, our long-term debt consisted entirely of the finance
obligation in connection with our sale-leaseback transaction in 2001 and amounts
due under capital lease obligations.
Lease
Commitments. We
lease offices, educational facilities and various equipment for varying periods
through the year 2020 at basic annual rentals (excluding taxes, insurance,
and
other expenses under certain leases).
The
following table contains supplemental information regarding our total
contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006:
Payments
Due by Period
|
||||||||||||||||
Total
|
Less
than 1 year
|
2-3
years
|
4-5
years
|
After
5 years
|
||||||||||||
Capital
leases (including interest)
|
$
|
165
|
$
|
79
|
$
|
86
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
||||||
Operating
leases
|
148,413
|
17,085
|
30,390
|
24,486
|
76,452
|
|||||||||||
Rent
on finance obligation
|
13,454
|
1,334
|
2,668
|
2,668
|
6,784
|
|||||||||||
Automobile
loans (including interest)
|
38
|
22
|
16
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||||
Total
contractual cash obligations
|
$
|
162,070
|
$
|
18,520
|
$
|
33,160
|
$
|
27,154
|
$
|
83,236
|
Capital
Expenditures. The
Company has entered into commitments to expand or renovate campuses. These
commitments are in the range of $3.0 to $5.0 million in the aggregate and are
due within the next 12 months. We
expect
to fund these commitments from cash generated from
operations.
OFF-BALANCE
SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We
had no
off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2006, except for our
letters of credit of $4.4 million which are primarily comprised of letters
of
credit for the DOE and security deposits in connection with certain of our
real
estate leases.
These
off-balance sheet arrangements do not adversely impact our liquidity or capital
resources.
RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Pursuant
to the Employment Agreement between Shaun E. McAlmont and us, we agreed to
pay
and reimburse Mr. McAlmont for the reasonable costs of his relocation from
Denver, Colorado to West Orange, New Jersey in the year ended December 31,
2006.
Such relocation assistance included our purchase of Mr. McAlmont’s home in
Denver, Colorado. The $0.5 million price paid for Mr. McAlmont’s home equaled
the average of the amount of two independent appraisers selected by us. This
amount is reflected in property, equipment and facilities in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets.
We
had a
consulting agreement with Hart Capital LLC, which terminated by its terms in
June 2004, to advise us in identifying acquisition and merger targets and
assisting with the due diligence reviews of and negotiations with these
targets. Hart Capital is the managing member of Five Mile River Capital
Partners LLC, which is the second largest stockholder of the Company.
Steven Hart, the President of Hart Capital, is a member of our board of
directors. We paid Hart Capital a monthly retainer, reimbursement of expenses
and an advisory fee for its work on successful acquisitions or mergers. In
accordance with the agreement, we paid Hart Capital approximately $0, and $0.4
million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In
connection with the consummation of the NETI acquisition, which closed on
January 11, 2005, we paid Hart Capital $0.3 million for its
services.
In
2003,
we entered into a management service agreement with our major stockholder.
In accordance with this agreement we paid Stonington Partners a management
fee
of $0.75 million per year for management consulting and financial and business
advisory services for each of the years in 2005, 2004 and 2003. Such
services included valuing acquisitions and structuring their financing and
assisting with new loan agreements. We paid Stonington Partners $0 and
$0.75 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Fees
paid to Stonington Partners were being amortized over a twelve month
period. This agreement terminated by its terms upon our completion of its
initial public offering. Selling, general and administrative expenses for
the year ended December 31, 2005 includes $0.4 million resulting from the
amortization of these fees.
During
2002, certain members of senior management issued personal recourse secured
promissory notes to us for approximately $0.4 million in connection with their
purchase of shares of our stock. These notes have been reflected as a
reduction in stockholders’ equity. All amounts outstanding under these
promissory notes were repaid by the end of the first quarter of
2005.
SEASONALITY
AND TRENDS
Our
net
revenues and operating results normally fluctuate as a result of seasonal
variations in our business, principally due to changes in total student
population. Student population varies as a result of new student enrollments,
graduations and student attrition. Historically, our schools have had lower
student populations in our first and second quarters and we have experienced
large class starts in the third and fourth quarters and student attrition in
the
first half of the year. Our second half growth is largely dependent on a
successful high school recruiting season. We recruit our high school students
several months ahead of their scheduled start dates, and thus, while we have
visibility on the number of students who have expressed interest in attending
our schools, we cannot predict with certainty the actual number of new student
enrollments and the related impact on revenue. Our expenses, however, do not
vary significantly over the course of the year with changes in our student
population and net revenues. During the first half of the year, we make
significant investments in marketing, staff, programs and facilities to ensure
that we meet our second half of the year targets and, as a result, such expenses
do not fluctuate significantly on a quarterly basis. To the extent new student
enrollments, and related revenues, in the second half of the year fall short
of
our estimates, our operating results could suffer. We expect quarterly
fluctuations in operating results to continue as a result of seasonal enrollment
patterns. Such patterns may change as a result of new school openings, new
program introductions, increased enrollments of adult students and/or
acquisitions.
Similar
to many other for-profit post secondary education companies, the increase in
our
average undergraduate enrollments did not meet our historical or our 2006 and
2005 anticipated growth rates. As a result of the slow down in 2005, we entered
2006 with fewer students enrolled than we had in January of 2005. This trend
continued throughout 2006 and resulted in a shortfall in the enrollments we
were
expecting in the second half of 2006 and especially in the third quarter which
has accounted for a majority of our yearly starts. As a result we will also
enter 2007 with fewer students enrolled than we had in January 2006. The
slow-down that has occurred in the for-profit post secondary education sector
appears to have had a greater impact on companies, like ours, that are more
dependent on their on-ground business as opposed to on-line students. We believe
that the slow-down can be attributed to many factors, including: (a) the
economy; (b) the availability of student financing; (c) dependency on television
to attract students to our school; (d) turnover of our sales representatives;
and (e) increasing competition in the marketplace.
Despite
soft organic enrollment trends and increased volatility in the near term, we
believe that our growth initiatives as well as the steps we have taken to
address the challenging trends that our industry and we are currently facing
will produce positive growth over the long-term. While our operating strategy,
business model and infrastructure are well suited for the short-term and we
have
ample operating flexibility, we continue to be prudent and realistic and have
taken the necessary steps to ensure that operations that have not grown as
rapidly as expected are right sized. We also continue to make investments in
areas that are demonstrating solid growth.
Operating
income is negatively impacted during the initial start-up phase of new campus
expansions. We incur sales and marketing costs as well as campus personnel
costs
in advance of the campus facility opening. Typically we begin to incur such
costs approximately 15 months in advance of the campus opening with the
majority of such costs being incurred in the nine-month period prior to a campus
opening. During the current year, we opened one new campus, located in Queens,
New York, which opened on March 27, 2006.
RECENT
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In
February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 159 (“SFAS 159”) “The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, providing
companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities
at
fair value. The Standard’s objective is to reduce both complexity in
accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused
by
measuring related assets and liabilities differently. Generally accepted
accounting principles have required different measurement attributes for
different assets and liabilities that can create artificial volatility in
earnings. SFAS 159 helps to mitigate this type of accounting-induced volatility
by enabling companies to report related assets and liabilities at fair value,
which would likely reduce the need for companies to comply with detailed rules
for hedge accounting. SFAS 159 also establishes presentation and
disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies
that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and
liabilities. The Standard requires companies to provide additional
information that will help investors and other users of financial statements
to
more easily understand the effect of the Company’s choice to use fair value on
its earnings. It also requires entities to display the fair value of those
assets and liabilities for which the Company has chosen to use fair value on
the
face of the balance sheet. SFAS 159 is effective for us on January 1,
2008. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this
Statement on our consolidated financial statements.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an
amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R).”
Among
other items, SFAS 158 requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded
status of an entity’s defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or
liability in the financial statements, requires the measurement of defined
benefit postretirement plan assets and obligations as of the end of the
employer’s fiscal year, and requires recognition of the funded status of defined
benefit postretirement plans in other comprehensive income. SFAS 158 was adopted
on December 31, 2006. See Note 12 in the consolidated financial statements
related to the adoption of SFAS 158.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,“Fair
Value Measurements.”
SFAS No.
157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in
GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement
applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value
measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those accounting
pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute.
Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements.
The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective as of January 1, 2008. The adoption
of the provision of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material effect
on
our consolidated financial statements.
In
September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 108 which provides interpretive guidance on how
the effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year unrecorded misstatements
should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement. SAB No. 108
is
effective for the Company as of January 1, 2007. The adoption of the provision
of SAB No. 108 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial
statements.
In
June
2006, FASB issued FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.”
FIN
48
clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB SFAS No. 109,
“Accounting for Income Taxes”, which will become effective for the Company on
January 1, 2007. This Interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and
a
measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement
of
tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits
to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained
upon examination by taxing authorities. The amount recognized is measured as
the
largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. The adoption of FIN 48 will result in a
negative cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1,
2007
of approximately $0.1 million.
In
March
2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting
for Servicing of Financial Assets.”
SFAS
No. 156 provides guidance addressing the recognition and measurement of
separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities, common with mortgage
securitization activities, and provides an approach to simplify efforts to
obtain hedge accounting treatment. SFAS No. 156 will be adopted on January
1,
2007. The adoption of the provision of SFAS No. 156 is not expected to have
a
material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In
February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting
for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments.”
SFAS
No. 155 is effective beginning January 1, 2007. The adoption of the provision
of
SFAS No. 155 is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated
financial statements.
In
June
2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154,“Accounting
Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB
Statement No. 3.”
SFAS
No. 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle, and changes
the requirements for accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires retrospective application to prior
periods’ financial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle
unless it is impracticable. Accounting Principles Boards (“APB”) Opinion No. 20
previously required that most voluntary changes in accounting principle be
recognized by including in net income of the period of the change the cumulative
effect of changing to the new accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 requires that
a
change in method of depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived,
nonfinancial assets be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate that
is
affected by a change in accounting principle. APB Opinion No. 20 previously
required that such a change be reported as a change in accounting principle.
We
adopted SFAS No. 154 on January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of
SFAS
No. 154 had no effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In
March
2005, the FASB issued FIN 47, “Accounting
for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations”.
FIN 47
clarifies that a conditional asset retirement obligation, as used in SFAS 143,
“Accounting
for Asset Retirement Obligations,”
refers
to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the
timing and/or method of the settlement are conditional on a future event that
may or may not be within the control of the entity. Accordingly, we are required
to recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset retirement
obligation if the fair value can be reasonably estimated. We adopted FIN 47
on
January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of FIN 47 had no effect on
our
consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153,“Exchanges
of Nonmonetary Assets, an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for
Nonmonetary Transactions.”
SFAS No. 153 addresses the measurement of exchanges of nonmonetary assets
and requires that such exchanges be measured at fair value, with limited
exceptions. SFAS No. 153 amends APB Opinion No. 29“Accounting
for Nonmonetary Transactions,”
by
eliminating the exception that required nonmonetary exchanges of similar
productive assets be recorded on a carryover basis. We adopted SFAS No. 153
on
January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 153 had no
effect on our consolidated financial statements.
ITEM
7A.
|
QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
|
We
are
exposed to certain market risks as part of our on-going business
operations. We have a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks.
Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by a lien on
substantially all of our assets and our subsidiaries and any assets that we
or
our subsidiaries may acquire in the future, including a pledge of substantially
all of our subsidiaries’ common stock. Outstanding borrowings bear
interest at the rate of adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0% to 1.75%, as defined, or a
base
rate (as defined in the credit agreement). As of December 31, 2006, we had
$0 outstanding under the credit agreement.
In
conjunction with the acquisition of New England Institute of Technology at
Palm
Beach, Inc., we assumed a mortgage note payable with an accompanying interest
rate swap (the “SWAP”) in the amount of $7.2 million. The interest rate
swap agreement converts the mortgage note payable from a variable rate to a
fixed rate of 6.48% through May 1, 2013. The fair value of the SWAP upon
acquisition was $0.3 million and all future changes in the market valuation
of
the SWAP were recorded as other income or expense on the consolidated statement
of operations. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $0.2 million loss due
to a decrease in fair market value. The Company repaid the mortgage note in
November 2006. As a result the SWAP agreement was terminated and the Company
received $0.2 million for the fair market value.
Based
on
our outstanding debt balance, a change of one percent in the interest rate
would
not cause a change in our interest expense. Changes in interest rates
could have an impact however on our operations, which are greatly dependent
on
students’ ability to obtain financing. Any increase in interest rates could
greatly impact our ability to attract students and have an adverse impact on
the
results of our operations.
The
remainder of our interest rate risk is associated with miscellaneous capital
equipment leases, which are not material.
Effect
of Inflation
Inflation
has not had and is not expected to have a significant effect on our
operations.
ITEM
8.
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY
DATA
|
See
“Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page F-1 on this Form
10-K.
ITEM
9.
|
CHANGES
IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
|
None.
ITEM
9A.
|
DISCLOSURE
CONTROLS AND
PROCEDURES
|
(a)
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating,
together with management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the
end of the quarterly period covered by this report, have concluded that our
disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective to reasonably
ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports
that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time
periods specified by Securities and Exchange Commissions’ Rules and Forms and
that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management,
including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as
appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure.
Management’s
Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management
is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under the supervision and
with
the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and
Chief
Financial Officer, we assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, we
used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of
the
Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework.
Based
on our assessment under the framework in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework,
we
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective
as of
December 31, 2006. Our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 has been audited by
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting
firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
Management’s
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in “Item 8-Financial
Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(b)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2006, there has been no change in our
internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or
is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
ITEM
9B.
|
OTHER
INFORMATION
|
None.
PART
III.
ITEM
10.
|
DIRECTORS,
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
|
Directors
and Executive Officers
The
information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2007 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
Code
of Ethics
We
have
adopted a Code of Conduct and Ethics applicable to our directors, officers
and employees and certain other persons, including our Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer. A copy of our Code of Ethics is available on our
website at www.lincolneducationalservices.com.
If
any
amendments to or waivers from the Code of Conduct are made, we will disclose
such amendments or waivers on our website.
ITEM
11.
|
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
|
Information
required by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2007 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM
12.
|
SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
|
Information
required by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2007 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM
13.
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS
AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
|
Information
required by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2007 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM
14.
|
PRINCIPAL
ACCOUNTING FEES AND
SERVICES
|
Information
required by Item 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference to our
definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with our 2007 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
PART
IV.
ITEM
15.
|
EXHIBITS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULE
|
1.
|
Financial
Statements
|
See
“Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.
2.
|
Financial
Statement Schedule
|
See
“Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page F-1 of this Form
10-K.
3.
|
Exhibits
Required by Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-K
|
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
|
|
3.1
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
(1).
|
|
3.2
|
Amended
and Restated By-laws of the Company (2).
|
|
4.1
|
Stockholders’
Agreement, dated as of September 15, 1999, among Lincoln Technical
Institute, Inc., Back to School Acquisition, L.L.C., and Five Mile
River
Capital Partners LLC. (1).
|
|
4.2
|
Letter
agreement, dated August 9, 2000, by Back to School Acquisition, L.L.C.,
amending the Stockholders’ Agreement (1).
|
|
4.3
|
Letter
agreement, dated August 9, 2000, by Lincoln Technical Institute,
Inc.,
amending the Stockholders’ Agreement (1).
|
|
4.4
|
Management
Stockholders Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2002, by and among
Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc., Back to School Acquisition, L.L.C. and
the
Stockholders and other holders of options under the Management Stock
Option Plan listed therein (1).
|
|
4.5
|
Registration
Rights Agreement between the Company and Back to School Acquisition,
L.L.C. (2).
|
|
4.6
|
Specimen
Stock Certificate evidencing shares of common stock
(1).
|
|
10.1
|
Credit
Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2005, among the Company, the
Guarantors from time to time parties thereto, the Lenders from time
to
time parties thereto and Harris Trust and Savings Bank, as Administrative
Agent (1).
|
|
10.2
*
|
Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2007,
between
the Company and David F. Carney.
|
|
10.3
*
|
Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2007,
between
the Company and Lawrence E. Brown.
|
|
10.4
*
|
Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2007,
between
the Company and Scott M. Shaw.
|
|
10.5
*
|
Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2007,
between
the Company and Cesar Ribeiro.
|
10.6
*
|
Amended
and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2007,
between
the Company and Shaun E. McAlmont.
|
|
10.7
|
Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation 2005 Long Term Incentive Plan
(1).
|
|
10.8
|
Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation 2005 Non Employee Directors Restricted
Stock Plan (1).
|
|
10.9
|
Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan
(1).
|
|
10.10
|
Lincoln
Technical Institute Management Stock Option Plan, effective January
1,
2002 (1).
|
|
10.11
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement, dated January 1, 2002, between Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc. and certain participants (1).
|
|
10.12
|
Management
Stock Subscription Agreement, dated January 1, 2002, among Lincoln
Technical Institute, Inc. and certain management investors
(1).
|
|
10.13
|
Stockholder’s
Agreement among Lincoln Educational Services Corporation, Back to
School
Acquisition L.L.C., Steven W. Hart and Steven W. Hart 2003 Grantor
Retained Annuity Trust (2).
|
|
10.14
|
Stock
Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2006, among Lincoln Technical
Institute, Inc., and Richard I. Gouse, Andrew T. Gouse, individually
and
as Trustee of the Carolyn Beth Gouse Irrevocable Trust, Seth A. Kurn
and
Steven L. Meltzer (3).
|
|
21.1
*
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company.
|
|
23
*
|
Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
|
|
31.1
*
|
Certification
of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
31.2
*
|
Certification
of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002.
|
|
32
*
|
Certification
of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of
the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
________________________________________________
(1)
|
Incorporated
by reference to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-123664).
|
(2)
|
Incorporated
by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K dated June 28, 2005.
|
(3)
|
Incorporated
by reference to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended
March 31, 2006.
|
*
|
Filed
herewith.
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
March 16, 2007
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
|
||
By:
|
/s/
Cesar Ribeiro
|
|
Cesar
Ribeiro
|
||
Senior
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|
||
(Principal
Accounting and Financial Officer)
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has
been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
||
/s/
David F. Carney
|
Chief
Executive Officer
|
|||
David
F. Carney
|
and
Chairman of the Board
|
March
16, 2007
|
||
/s/
Cesar Ribeiro
|
Senior
Vice President,
|
|
||
Cesar
Ribeiro
|
Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Accounting and Financial
Officer)
|
March
16, 2007
|
||
/s/
Peter S. Burgess
|
Director
|
|||
Peter
S. Burgess
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
|
||||
/s/
James J. Burke, Jr.
|
Director
|
|||
.James
J. Burke, Jr.
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
|
||||
/s/
Celia Currin
|
Director
|
|||
Celia
Currin
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
/s/
Paul E. Glaske
|
Director
|
|||
Paul
E. Glaske
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
/s/
Steven W. Hart
|
Director
|
|||
Steven
W. Hart
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
/s/
Alexis P. Michas
|
Director
|
|||
Alexis
P. Michas
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
/s/
J. Barry Morrow
|
Director
|
|||
J.
Barry Morrow
|
March
16, 2007
|
|||
/s/
Jerry G. Rubenstein
|
Director
|
|||
Jerry
G. Rubenstein
|
March
16, 2007
|
INDEX
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER
FINANCIAL REPORTING
Page
Number
|
||
Management’s
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
|
F-2
|
|
Reports
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
F-3
|
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2006 and 2005
|
F-5
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005
and
2004
|
F-7
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the years ended
December
31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
|
F-8
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005
and
2004
|
F-9
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
F-11
|
|
Item
15
|
||
Schedule
II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
|
F-33
|
MANAGEMENT’S
REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The
management of Lincoln Educational Services Corp. (the “Company”) is responsible
for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934. The Company’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable
assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.
Management
assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the framework set forth by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in
Internal
Control—Integrated
Framework.
Based
on that assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2006, the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may
not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The
Company’s independent auditors, Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included
in this report, have issued an attestation report on our assessment of the
Company’s internal control over financial reporting and their report
follows.
/s/
David F. Carney
|
|
David
F. Carney
|
|
Chairman
& Chief Executive Officer
|
|
March
16, 2007
|
|
/s/
Cesar Ribeiro
|
|
Cesar
Ribeiro
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
March
16, 2007
|
REPORT
OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the
Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation
West
Orange, New Jersey
We
have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lincoln Educational
Services Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2006
and 2005, and the related statements of income, stockholders' equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. Our
audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedule II listed
in
the Index at Item 15. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that
our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our
opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects,
the
financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in
the
period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States of America.
As
discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company
adopted the provisions of FASB Statement No. 158,“Employers’
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement
Plans.”
We
have
also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company's internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria
established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March
14, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on management's assessment of the
effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting and
an
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control
over
financial reporting.
DELOITTE
& TOUCHE LLP
Parsippany,
New Jersey
March
14,
2007
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the
Board of Directors and Stockholders
of
Lincoln Educational Services Corporation:
West
Orange, New Jersey
We
have
audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that Lincoln Educational
Services Corporation. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) maintained effective
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on
criteria established in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework
issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
The
Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control
over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on
management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over
financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating
the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing
such
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A
company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or
under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal
financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected
by the
company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and
the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures
of
the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management
and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use,
or
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because
of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting,
including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of
controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented
or
detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the
effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future
periods
are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of
changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies
or
procedures may deteriorate.
In
our
opinion, management’s assessment that the Company maintained effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated,
in all material respects, based on the criteria established by the Committee
of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Also in our opinion,
the
Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control
over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria
established in Internal
Control—Integrated Framework
issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We
have
also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of
December 31, 2006 and the related consolidated statements of income,
stockholders’ equity, and cash flow and financial statement schedule for the
year ended December 31, 2006, and our report dated March 14, 2007
expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and schedule
and
included an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s adoption of the
provisions of FASB Statement No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.”
DELOITTE &
TOUCHE LLP
Parsippany,
New Jersey
March 14,
2007
F-4
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
(In
thousands, except share amounts)
December
31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
ASSETS
|
|||||||
CURRENT
ASSETS:
|
|||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
6,461
|
$
|
50,257
|
|||
Restricted
cash
|
920
|
-
|
|||||
Accounts
receivable, less allowance of $11,456 and $7,563 at December 31,
2006
and
December 31, 2005, respectively
|
20,473
|
13,452
|
|||||
Inventories
|
2,438 | 1,764 | |||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
4,827
|
3,545
|
|||||
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
3,049
|
2,934
|
|||||
Other
receivable
|
-
|
452
|
|||||
Total
current assets
|
38,168
|
72,404
|
|||||
PROPERTY,
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES - At cost, net of accumulated depreciation
and
amortization of $72,870 and $59,570 at December 31, 2006 and December
31,
2005, respectively
|
94,368
|
68,932
|
|||||
OTHER
ASSETS:
|
|||||||
Deferred
finance charges
|
1,019
|
1,211
|
|||||
Pension
plan assets, net
|
1,107
|
5,071
|
|||||
Deferred
income taxes, net
|
2,688
|
2,790
|
|||||
Goodwill
|
84,995
|
59,467
|
|||||
Noncurrent
accounts receivable, less allowance of $80 and $84 at December 31,
2006
and December 31, 2005, respectively
|
723
|
754
|
|||||
Other
assets
|
3,148
|
4,163
|
|||||
Total
other assets
|
93,680
|
73,456
|
|||||
TOTAL
|
$
|
226,216
|
$
|
214,792
|
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
(In
thousands, except share amounts)
(Continued)
December
31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
|||||||
CURRENT
LIABILITIES:
|
|||||||
Current
portion of long-term debt and lease obligations
|
$
|
91
|
$
|
283
|
|||
Unearned
tuition
|
33,150
|
34,930
|
|||||
Accounts
payable
|
12,118
|
12,675
|
|||||
Accrued
expenses
|
10,335
|
11,060
|
|||||
Advance
payments of federal funds
|
557
|
840
|
|||||
Income
taxes payable
|
2,860
|
4,085
|
|||||
Total
current liabilities
|
59,111
|
63,873
|
|||||
NONCURRENT
LIABILITIES:
|
|||||||
Long-term
debt and lease obligations, net of current portion
|
9,769
|
10,485
|
|||||
Other
long-term liabilities
|
5,553
|
4,444
|
|||||
Total
liabilities
|
74,433
|
78,802
|
|||||
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
|||||||
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY:
|
|||||||
Preferred
stock, no par value - 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued
and
outstanding at December 31, 2006 and 2005
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Common
stock, no par value - authorized 100,000,000 shares at December 31,
2006
and 2005, issued and outstanding 25,450,695 shares at December 31,
2006
and 25,168,390 shares at December 31, 2005
|
120,182
|
119,453
|
|||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
7,695
|
5,665
|
|||||
Deferred
compensation
|
(467
|
)
|
(360
|
)
|
|||
Retained
earnings
|
26,784
|
11,232
|
|||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
(2,411
|
)
|
-
|
||||
Total
stockholders' equity
|
151,783
|
135,990
|
|||||
TOTAL
|
$
|
226,216
|
$
|
214,792
|
See
notes
to consolidated financial statements.
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In
thousands, except per share amounts)
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
REVENUES
|
$
|
321,506
|
$
|
299,221
|
$
|
261,233
|
||||
COSTS
AND EXPENSES:
|
||||||||||
Educational
services and facilities
|
136,631
|
121,524
|
104,843
|
|||||||
Selling,
general and administrative
|
157,309
|
145,194
|
130,941
|
|||||||
(Gain)
loss on sale of assets
|
(435
|
)
|
(7
|
)
|
368
|
|||||
Total
costs & expenses
|
293,505
|
266,711
|
236,152
|
|||||||
OPERATING
INCOME
|
28,001
|
32,510
|
25,081
|
|||||||
OTHER:
|
||||||||||
Interest
income
|
981
|
775
|
104
|
|||||||
Interest
expense
|
(2,291
|
)
|
(2,892
|
)
|
(3,007
|
)
|
||||
Other
(loss) income
|
(132
|
)
|
243
|
42
|
||||||
INCOME
BEFORE INCOME TAXES
|
26,559
|
30,636
|
22,220
|
|||||||
PROVISION
FOR INCOME TAXES
|
11,007
|
11,927
|
9,242
|
|||||||
NET
INCOME
|
$
|
15,552
|
$
|
18,709
|
$
|
12,978
|
||||
Earnings per share - basic: | ||||||||||
Net
income available to common stockholders
|
$
|
0.61
|
$
|
0.80
|
$
|
0.60
|
||||
Earnings per share - diluted: | ||||||||||
Net
income available to common stockholders
|
$
|
0.60
|
$
|
0.76
|
$
|
0.56
|
||||
Weighted
average number of common shares outstanding:
|
||||||||||
Basic
|
25,336
|
23,475
|
21,676
|
|||||||
Diluted
|
26,086
|
24,503
|
23,095
|
See
notes
to consolidated financial statements
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In
thousands)
Loan
|
Accumulated
|
Retained
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional
|
Receivable
|
Other
|
Earnings
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common
Stock
|
Paid-in
|
Deferred
|
From
|
Comprehensive
|
(Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Shares
|
Amount
|
Capital
|
Compensation
|
Stockholders
|
Loss
|
Deficit)
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE
- December 31, 2003
|
21,668
|
$
|
62,385
|
$
|
1426
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
(432
|
)
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
(20,455
|
)
|
$
|
42,924
|
||||||||
Net
income
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
12,978
|
12,978
|
|||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
-
|
-
|
1,793
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,793
|
|||||||||||||||||
Stockholders
loan repayment
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
251
|
-
|
-
|
251
|
|||||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit of options exercised
|
-
|
-
|
43
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
43
|
|||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of stock options
|
31
|
97
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
97
|
|||||||||||||||||
BALANCE
- December 31, 2004
|
21,699
|
62,482
|
3,262
|
-
|
(181
|
)
|
-
|
(7,477
|
)
|
58,086
|
|||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
18,709
|
18,709
|
|||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock, net of issuance expenses
|
3,177
|
56,255
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
56,255
|
|||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of restricted stock and amortization of deferred
compensation
|
21
|
-
|
420
|
(360
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
60
|
||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
-
|
-
|
1,286
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,286
|
|||||||||||||||||
Stockholders
loan repayment
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
181
|
-
|
-
|
181
|
|||||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit of options exercised
|
-
|
-
|
697
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
697
|
|||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of stock options
|
271
|
716
|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
716
|
|||||||||||||||||
BALANCE
- December 31, 2005
|
25,168
|
119,453
|
5,665
|
(360
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
11,232
|
135,990
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
15,552
|
15,552
|
|||||||||||||||||
Reduction
in estimated stock issuance expenses
|
-
|
150
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
150
|
|||||||||||||||||
Issuance
of restricted stock and amortization of deferred
compensation
|
19
|
-
|
300
|
(107
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
193
|
||||||||||||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
-
|
-
|
1,231
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1,231
|
|||||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit of options exercised
|
-
|
-
|
499
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
499
|
|||||||||||||||||
Exercise
of stock options
|
264
|
579
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
579
|
|||||||||||||||||
Initial
adoption of SFAS No. 158,net of taxes
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
(2,411
|
)
|
-
|
(2,411
|
)
|
|||||||||||||||
BALANCE
- December 31, 2006
|
25,451
|
$
|
120,182
|
$
|
7,695
|
$
|
(467
|
)
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
(2,411
|
)
|
$
|
26,784
|
$
|
151,783
|
See
notes
to consolidated financial statements.
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In
thousands)
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||||||
Net
income
|
$
|
15,552
|
$
|
18,709
|
$
|
12,978
|
||||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
|
||||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
14,866
|
13,064
|
10,749
|
|||||||
Amortization
of deferred finance charges
|
192
|
215
|
375
|
|||||||
Write-off
of deferred finance costs
|
-
|
365
|
-
|
|||||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
(3,655
|
)
|
340
|
(329
|
)
|
|||||
Fixed
asset donations
|
(22
|
)
|
(243
|
)
|
-
|
|||||
Loss
(gain) on disposal of assets
|
(437
|
)
|
(7
|
)
|
368
|
|||||
Provision
for doubtful accounts
|
15,590
|
11,188
|
9,247
|
|||||||
Stock-based
compensation expense
|
1,424
|
1,346
|
1,793
|
|||||||
Tax
benefit associated with exercise of stock options
|
-
|
697
|
43
|
|||||||
Deferred
rent
|
1,081
|
1,670
|
1,602
|
|||||||
(Increase)
decrease in assets, net of acquisitions:
|
||||||||||
Accounts
receivable
|
(21,870
|
)
|
(11,676
|
)
|
(11,091
|
)
|
||||
Inventories
|
(587
|
)
|
(65
|
)
|
(577
|
)
|
||||
Prepaid
expenses and current assets
|
(374
|
)
|
(300
|
)
|
(400
|
)
|
||||
Other
assets
|
1,181
|
54
|
(830
|
)
|
||||||
Increase
(decrease) in liabilities, net of acquisitions:
|
||||||||||
Accounts
payable
|
(1,441
|
)
|
1,801
|
1,547
|
||||||
Other
liabilities
|
(157
|
)
|
(468
|
)
|
(229
|
)
|
||||
Income
taxes payable/prepaid
|
(1,225
|
)
|
4,068
|
(3,839
|
)
|
|||||
Accrued
expenses
|
(870
|
)
|
(1,715
|
)
|
331
|
|||||
Unearned
tuition
|
(3,990
|
)
|
(77
|
)
|
4,936
|
|||||
Total
adjustments
|
(294
|
)
|
20,257
|
13,696
|
||||||
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
15,258
|
38,966
|
26,674
|
|||||||
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Restricted
cash
|
(920
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
||||||
Capital
expenditures
|
(19,341
|
)
|
(22,621
|
)
|
(23,813
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from sale of property and equipment
|
973
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||
Acquisitions,
net of cash acquired
|
(32,872
|
)
|
(27,776
|
)
|
(14,498
|
)
|
||||
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
(52,160
|
)
|
(50,397
|
)
|
(38,311
|
)
|
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In
thousands)
(Continued)
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from borrowings
|
14,000
|
31,000
|
25,290
|
|||||||
Payments
on borrowings
|
(21,214
|
)
|
(66,750
|
)
|
(21,000
|
)
|
||||
Proceeds
from finance obligation
|
-
|
-
|
169
|
|||||||
Payments
of deferred finance fees
|
-
|
(848
|
)
|
-
|
||||||
Proceeds
from exercise of stock options
|
579
|
716
|
97
|
|||||||
Tax
benefit associated with exercise of stock options
|
499
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||
Principal
payments under capital lease obligations
|
(908
|
)
|
(311
|
)
|
(690
|
)
|
||||
Repayment
from shareholder loans
|
-
|
181
|
251
|
|||||||
Proceeds
from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of
$2,845
|
150
|
56,255
|
-
|
|||||||
Net
cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
(6,894
|
)
|
20,243
|
4,117
|
||||||
NET
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
(43,796
|
)
|
8,812
|
(7,520
|
)
|
|||||
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of year
|
50,257
|
41,445
|
48,965
|
|||||||
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of year
|
$
|
6,461
|
$
|
50,257
|
$
|
41,445
|
||||
SUPPLEMENTAL
DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
|
||||||||||
Cash
paid during the year for:
|
||||||||||
Interest
|
$
|
2,243
|
$
|
2,358
|
$
|
2,780
|
||||
Income
taxes
|
$
|
15,799
|
$
|
11,025
|
$
|
13,382
|
||||
SUPPLEMENTAL
SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||||||
Cash
paid during the period for:
|
||||||||||
Fair
value of assets acquired
|
$
|
47,511
|
$
|
32,335
|
$
|
14,593
|
||||
Net
cash paid for the acquisitions
|
(32,872
|
)
|
(27,776
|
)
|
(14,498
|
)
|
||||
Liabilities
assumed
|
$
|
14,639
|
$
|
4,559
|
$
|
95
|
See
notes
to consolidated financial statements.
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2006
(In
thousands, except share and per share amounts and unless otherwise
stated)
1.
|
SUMMARY
OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
|
Business
Activities—Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation and Subsidiaries (the "Company") is a
diversified provider of career-oriented post-secondary education. The Company
offers recent high school graduates and working adults degree and diploma
programs in five principal areas of study: Automotive Technology, Health
Sciences (which includes programs for licensed practical nursing (LPN), medical
administrative assistants, medical assistants, pharmacy technicians, medical
coding and billing and dental assisting), Business and Information Technology,
Hospitality Services (spa and culinary) and Skilled Trades. We currently have
37
schools in 17 states across the United States.
Principles
of Consolidation—The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lincoln
Educational Services Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been
eliminated.
Revenue
Recognition—Revenue
is derived primarily from programs taught at the schools. Tuition revenue and
one-time fees, such as nonrefundable application fees, and course material
fees
are recognized on a straight-line basis over the length of the applicable
program. If a student withdraws from a program prior to a specified date, any
paid but unearned tuition is refunded. Other revenues, such as textbook sales,
tool sales and contract training revenues are recognized as services are
performed or goods are delivered. On an individual student basis, tuition earned
in excess of cash received is recorded as accounts receivable, and cash received
in excess of tuition earned is recorded as unearned tuition. Refunds are
calculated and paid in accordance with federal, state and accrediting agency
standards.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents—Cash
and
cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly liquid short-term
investments, which mature within three months of purchase.
Restricted
Cash—
Restricted cash represents amounts received from the federal and state
governments under various student aid grant and loan programs. These funds
are
either received prior to the completion of the authorization and disbursement
process for the benefit of the student or immediately prior to that
authorization. Restricted funds are held in separate bank accounts. Once the
authorization and disbursement process is completed and authorization obtained,
the funds are transferred to unrestricted accounts, and these funds then become
available for use in the Company’s current operations.
Accounts
Receivable—The
Company reports accounts receivable at net realizable value, which is equal
to
the gross receivable less an estimated allowance for uncollectible
accounts.
Allowance
for uncollectible accounts—Based
upon experience and judgment, we establish an allowance for uncollectible
accounts with respect to tuition receivables. We use an internal group of
collectors, augmented by third-party collectors as deemed appropriate, in our
collection efforts. In establishing our allowance for uncollectible accounts,
we
consider, among other things, a student's status (in-school or out-of-school),
whether or not additional financial aid funding will be collected from Title
IV
Programs or other sources, whether or not a student is currently making
payments, and overall collection history. Changes in trends in any of these
areas may impact the allowance for uncollectible accounts. The receivables
balances of withdrawn students with delinquent obligations are reserved for
based on our collection history.
Inventories—Inventories
consist mainly of textbooks, tools and supplies. Inventories are valued at
the
lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis.
Property,
Equipment and Facilities—Depreciation
and Amortization—Property,
equipment and facilities are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements
are
capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. Upon
the
retirement, sale or other disposition of assets, costs and related accumulated
depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected
in operating income. For financial statement purposes, depreciation of property
and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated
useful lives of the assets, and amortization of leasehold improvements is
computed over the lesser of the term of the lease or its estimated useful
life.
Rent
Expense—Rent
expense related to operating leases where scheduled rent increases exist, is
determined by expensing the total amount of rent due over the life of the
operating lease on a straight-line basis. The difference between the rent paid
under the terms of the lease and the rent expensed on a straight-line basis
is
included in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities on the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred
Finance Charges—These
charges consist of $0.5 million and $0.7 million as of
December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to the long-term debt and
$0.5 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, related to the finance
obligation. These amounts are being amortized as an increase in interest expense
over the respective life of the debt or finance obligation.
Advertising
Costs—Costs
related to advertising are expensed as incurred and approximated
$30.6 million, $27.6 million and $22.3 million for the years
ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These amounts are
included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated
statement of income.
Bonus
costs—We
accrue the estimated cost of our bonus programs using current financial and
statistical information as compared to targeted financial achievements and
actual student graduate outcomes. Although we believe our estimated liability
recorded for bonuses is reasonable, actual results could differ and require
adjustment of the recorded balance.
Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets—
The
Company tests its goodwill for impairment annually, or whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred, by comparing
its fair value to its carrying value. Impairment may result from, among other
things, deterioration in the performance of the acquired business, adverse
market conditions, adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations, including
changes that restrict the activities of the acquired business, and a variety
of
other circumstances. If the Company determines that an impairment has occurred,
it is required to record a write-down of the carrying value and charge the
impairment as an operating expense in the period the determination is made.
In
evaluating the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other
indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company must make assumptions regarding
estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of
the
acquired assets. Changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly
impact these judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded
balances.
At
December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company tested its goodwill for impairment
determined that it did not have an impairment.
Concentration
of Credit Risk—Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit
risk consist principally of temporary cash investments and student
receivables.
The
Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality financial
institutions. The Company's cash balances with financial institutions typically
exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance limit of $100,000. The Company's cash
balances on deposit at December 31, 2006, exceeded the balance insured by
the FDIC by approximately $8.4 million. The Company has not experienced any
losses to date on its invested cash.
The
Company extends credit for tuition and fees to many of its students. The credit
risk with respect to these accounts receivable is mitigated through the
students' participation in federally funded financial aid programs unless
students withdraw prior to the receipt of federal funds for those students.
In
addition, the remaining tuition receivables are primarily comprised of smaller
individual amounts due from students.
With
respect to student receivables, the Company had no significant concentrations
of
credit risk as of December 31, 2006, and 2005.
Use
of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial
Statements—The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
of
the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and
expenses during the period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the
estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition,
bad
debts, fixed assets, income taxes, benefit plans and certain accruals.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Stock
Based Compensation Plans—The
Company has stock-based compensation plans as discussed further in Note 11.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement
of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based
Payment,
(“FAS
123R”). This Statement requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of
stock options and similar equity instruments issued to employees over the
requisite service period. On December 1, 2005, the Company adopted FAS 123R
in
advance of the mandatory adoption date of the first quarter of 2006 to better
reflect the full cost of employee compensation. The Company adopted FAS 123R
using the modified prospective method, which requires the Company to record
compensation expense for all awards granted after the date of adoption, and
for
the unvested portion of previously granted awards that remain outstanding at
the
date of adoption. Prior to the adoption of FAS 123R, the Company recognized
stock-based compensation under FAS 123 “Stock
Based Compensation”
and as a
result, the implementation of FAS 123R did not have a material impact on the
Company’s financial presentation.
The
fair
value concepts were not changed significantly under FAS 123R from those utilized
under FAS No. 123; however, in adopting this Standard, companies must choose
among alternative valuation models and amortization assumptions. After assessing
these alternatives, the Company decided to continue using the Black-Scholes
valuation model. However, the Company also decided to utilize straight-line
amortization of compensation expense over the requisite service period of the
grant, rather than over the individual grant requisite period as chosen under
FAS 123. Under FAS 123, the Company had recognized stock option forfeitures
as
they incurred. With the adoption of FAS 123R, the Company made an estimate
of
expected forfeitures calculation upon grant issuance.
Income
Taxes—Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax
consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred
tax
assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply
to
taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected
to
be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities
of
changes in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets—The
Company reviews the carrying value of our long-lived assets and identifiable
intangibles for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The Company assesses
the potential impairment of property and equipment and identifiable intangibles
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value
may
not be recoverable. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment
by
examining estimated future cash flows. These cash flows are evaluated by using
weighted probability techniques as well as comparisons of past performance
against projections. Assets may also be evaluated by identifying independent
market values. If the Company determines that an asset’s carrying value is
impaired, it will record a write-down of the carrying value of the asset and
charge the impairment as an operating expense in the period in which the
determination is made.
Start-up
Costs—Costs
related to the start of new campuses are expensed as incurred.
Reclassification—In
2006,
the Company reclassified amounts reflected in the 2005 consolidated balance
sheet for receivables with a maturity greater than 1 year to noncurrent
assets.
2.
|
RECENT
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
|
In
February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 159 (“SFAS 159”) “The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, providing
companies with an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities
at
fair value. The Standard’s objective is to reduce both complexity in
accounting for financial instruments and the volatility in earnings caused
by
measuring related assets and liabilities differently. Generally accepted
accounting principles have required different measurement attributes for
different assets and liabilities that can create artificial volatility in
earnings. SFAS 159 helps to mitigate this type of accounting-induced volatility
by enabling companies to report related assets and liabilities at fair value,
which would likely reduce the need for companies to comply with detailed rules
for hedge accounting. SFAS 159 also establishes presentation and
disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between companies
that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and
liabilities. The Standard requires companies to provide additional
information that will help investors and other users of financial statements
to
more easily understand the effect of the Company’s choice to use fair value on
its earnings. It also requires entities to display the fair value of those
assets and liabilities for which the Company has chosen to use fair value on
the
face of the balance sheet. SFAS 159 is effective for the Company on
January 1, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the
adoption of this Statement on its consolidated financial
statements.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an
amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R).”
Among
other items, SFAS 158 requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded
status of an entity’s defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or
liability in the financial statements, requires the measurement of defined
benefit postretirement plan assets and obligations as of the end of the
employer’s fiscal year, and requires recognition of the funded status of defined
benefit postretirement plans in other comprehensive income. SFAS 158 was adopted
on December 31, 2006. See Footnote 12 related to the adoption of SFAS
158.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair
Value Measurements.”
SFAS No.
157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in
GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement
applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value
measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those accounting
pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute.
Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements.
The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective as of January 1, 2008. The adoption
of the provision of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material effect
on
the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In
September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 108 which provides interpretive guidance on how
the effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year unrecorded misstatements
should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement. SAB No. 108
is
effective for the Company as of January 1, 2007. The adoption of the provision
of SAB No. 108 did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated
financial statements.
In
June
2006, FASB issued FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.”
FIN
48
clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB SFAS No. 109,
“Accounting for Income Taxes”, which will become effective for the Company on
January 1, 2007. This Interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and
a
measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement
of
tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits
to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained
upon examination by taxing authorities. The amount recognized is measured as
the
largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. The adoption of FIN 48 will result in a
cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 of
approximately $0.1 million.
In
March
2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting
for Servicing of Financial Assets.”
SFAS
No. 156 provides guidance addressing the recognition and measurement of
separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities, common with mortgage
securitization activities, and provides an approach to simplify efforts to
obtain hedge accounting treatment. SFAS No. 156 will be adopted on January
1,
2007. The adoption of the provision of SFAS No. 156 is not expected to have
a
material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In
February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting
for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments.”
SFAS
No. 155 is effective beginning January 1, 2007. The adoption of the provision
of
SFAS No. 155 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s
consolidated financial statements.
In
June
2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154,“Accounting
Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB
Statement No. 3.”
SFAS
No. 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle, and changes
the requirements for accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting
principle. SFAS No. 154 requires retrospective application to prior
periods’ financial statements of a voluntary change in accounting principle
unless it is impracticable. Accounting Principles Boards (“APB”) Opinion No. 20
previously required that most voluntary changes in accounting principle be
recognized by including in net income of the period of the change the cumulative
effect of changing to the new accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 requires that
a
change in method of depreciation, amortization, or depletion for long-lived,
nonfinancial assets be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate that
is
affected by a change in accounting principle. APB Opinion No. 20 previously
required that such a change be reported as a change in accounting principle.
The
Company adopted SFAS No. 154 on January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions
of SFAS No. 154 had no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements.
In
March
2005, the FASB issued FIN 47, “Accounting
for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations”.
FIN 47
clarifies that a conditional asset retirement obligation, as used in SFAS 143,
“Accounting
for Asset Retirement Obligations,”
refers
to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the
timing and/or method of the settlement are conditional on a future event that
may or may not be within the control of the entity. Accordingly, the Company
is
required to recognize a liability for the fair value of a conditional asset
retirement obligation if the fair value can be reasonably estimated. The Company
adopted FIN 47 on January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of FIN 47
had
no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153,“Exchanges
of Nonmonetary Assets, an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for
Nonmonetary Transactions.”
SFAS No. 153 addresses the measurement of exchanges of nonmonetary assets
and requires that such exchanges be measured at fair value, with limited
exceptions. SFAS No. 153 amends APB Opinion No. 29“Accounting
for Nonmonetary Transactions,”
by
eliminating the exception that required nonmonetary exchanges of similar
productive assets be recorded on a carryover basis. The Company adopted SFAS
No.
153 on January 1, 2006. The adoption of the provisions of SFAS No. 153 had
no effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
3.
|
FINANCIAL
AID AND REGULATORY
COMPLIANCE
|
Financial
Aid
The
Company’s schools and students participate in a variety of government-sponsored
financial aid programs that assist students in paying the cost of their
education. The largest source of such support is the federal programs of student
financial assistance under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as
amended, commonly referred to as the Title IV Programs, which are administered
by the U.S. Department of Education (or "DOE"). During the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, approximately 80%, 80% and 81%,
respectively, of net revenues were indirectly derived from funds distributed
under Title IV Programs.
Regulatory
Compliance
To
participate in Title IV Programs, a school must be authorized to offer its
programs of instruction by relevant state education agencies, be accredited
by
an accrediting commission recognized by the DOE and be certified as an eligible
institution by the DOE. For this reason, the schools are subject to extensive
regulatory requirements imposed by all of these entities. After the schools
receive the required certifications by the appropriate entities, the schools
must demonstrate their compliance with the DOE regulations of the Title IV
Programs on an ongoing basis. Included in these regulations is the requirement
that the Company must satisfy specific standards of financial responsibility.
The DOE evaluates institutions for compliance with these standards each year,
based upon the institutions' annual audited financial statements, as well as
following a change in ownership of the institution. Under regulations which
took
effect July 1, 1998, the DOE calculates the institution's composite score
for financial responsibility based on its (i) equity ratio, which measures
the institution's capital resources, ability to borrow and financial viability;
(ii) primary reserve ratio, which measures the institution's ability to
support current operations from expendable resources; and (iii) net income
ratio, which measures the institution's ability to operate at a profit. This
composite score can range from -1 to +3.
An
institution that does not meet the DOE's minimum composite score requirements
of
1.5 may establish its financial responsibility by posting a letter of credit
or
complying with additional monitoring procedures as defined by the
DOE.
Based
on
the Company's calculations, the 2006 and 2005 financial statements reflect
a
composite score of 1.7 and 2.5, respectively. However, as a result of
corrections of certain errors, including accounting for advertising costs,
a
sale leaseback transaction, rent and certain other individually insignificant
adjustments, in our prior financial statements, the DOE recomputed the Company's
consolidated composite scores for the years ended December 31, 2001 and
2002 and concluded that the recomputed consolidated composite scores for those
two years were below 1.0. In addition, we identified certain additional errors
in our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003 relating
to our accounting for stock-based compensation and accrued bonuses that did
not
result in a recomputation of our 2003 composite score. The DOE informed the
Company that as a result, for a period of three years effective
December 30, 2004, all of the Company's current and future institutions
have been placed on "Heightened Cash Monitoring, Type 1 status," and are
required to timely notify the DOE with respect to certain enumerated oversight
and financial events. The DOE also informed the Company that its circumstances
will be taken into consideration when each of our institutions applies for
recertification of the Company's eligibility to participate in Title IV
Programs. When each of our institutions is next required to apply for
recertification to participate in Title IV Programs, we expect that the DOE
will also consider our audited financial statements and composite scores for
our
most recent fiscal year as well as for other fiscal years after 2001 and 2002.
Additionally, since the DOE concluded that the previously computed composite
scores for 2001 and 2002 were overstated, the Company agreed to pay $165,000
to
the DOE, pursuant to a settlement agreement, to resolve compliance issues
related to this matter. The Company paid this amount on March 3, 2005.
Although no assurance can be given, the Company's management does not believe
that the actions of the DOE specified above will have a material effect on
its
financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
For
the
years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 the Company was in compliance
with
the standards established by the DOE requiring that no individual DOE reporting
entity can receive more than 90% of its revenue, determined on a cash basis,
from Title IV, HEA Program Funds.
4.
|
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE COMMON SHARES
|
The
weighted average numbers of common shares used to compute basic and diluted
income per share for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004,
respectively, in thousands, were as follows:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
Basic
shares outstanding
|
25,336
|
23,475
|
21,676
|
|||||||
Dilutive
effect of stock options
|
750
|
1,028
|
1,419
|
|||||||
Diluted
shares outstanding
|
26,086
|
24,503
|
23,095
|
For
the
years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, options to acquire 288,500,
184,000 and 71,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from the above table
as
the result on reported earnings per share would have been antidilutive.
5.
|
BUSINESS
ACQUISITIONS
|
On
May
22, 2006, the Company, acquired all of the outstanding common stock of New
England Institute of Technology at Palm Beach, Inc. (“FLA”) for approximately
$40.1 million. The purchase price was $32.9 million, net of cash acquired plus
the assumption of a mortgage note for $7.2 million. The FLA purchase price
has
been allocated to identifiable net assets with the excess of the purchase price
over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as
goodwill.
On
December 1, 2005, the Company acquired all of the rights, title and interest
in
the assets of Euphoria Institute LLC (“EUP”) for approximately $9.2 million, net
of cash acquired.
On
January 11, 2005, the Company acquired all of the rights, title and interest
in
the assets of New England Technical Institute (“NETI”) for approximately $18.8
million, net of cash acquired.
On
January 23, 2004, the Company acquired all of the rights, title and
interest in the assets of the Southwestern College of Business, Inc.
("Southwestern or SWC") for approximately $14.5 million, net of cash
acquired. Included in this purchase price is certain real estate which was
acquired from Southwestern for $0.7 million.
The
consolidated financial statements include the results of operations from the
respective acquisition dates. The purchase price has been allocated to
identifiable net assets with the excess of the purchase price over the estimated
fair value of the net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. None of the
acquisitions were deemed material to the Company’s consolidated financial
statements.
The
following table summarizes the estimated fair value of assets acquired and
liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
FLA
May 22, 2006
|
EUP
December 1, 2005
|
NETI
January 11, 2005
|
SWC
January 23, 2004
|
||||||||||
Property,
equipment and facilities
|
$
|
20,609
|
$
|
793
|
$
|
1,000
|
$
|
890
|
|||||
Goodwill
|
24,710
|
9,019
|
18,464
|
12,826
|
|||||||||
Identified
intangibles:
|
|||||||||||||
Student
contracts
|
350
|
130
|
770
|
280
|
|||||||||
Trade
name
|
280
|
180
|
600
|
330
|
|||||||||
Curriculum
|
-
|
-
|
700
|
-
|
|||||||||
Non-compete
|
200
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||
Other
assets
|
450
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||
Current
assets, excluding cash acquired
|
912
|
125
|
782
|
267
|
|||||||||
Total
liabilities assumed
|
(14,639
|
)
|
(998
|
)
|
(3,561
|
)
|
(95
|
)
|
|||||
Cost
of acquisition, net of cash acquired
|
$
|
32,872
|
$
|
9,249
|
$
|
18,755
|
$
|
14,498
|
The
following unaudited pro forma results of operations for the years ended December
31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 assumes that the acquisitions occurred at the beginning
of the year of acquisition. The unaudited pro forma results of operations are
based on historical results of operations, include adjustments for depreciation,
amortization, interest, and taxes, but do not necessarily reflect the actual
results that would have occurred.
Year
ended December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||
Historical
2006
|
Pro
forma impact FLA 2006
|
Pro
forma 2006
|
||||||||
Revenue
|
$
|
321,506
|
$
|
7,148
|
$
|
328,654
|
||||
Net
income
|
$
|
15,552
|
$
|
(98
|
)
|
$
|
15,454
|
|||
Earnings
per share - basic
|
$
|
0.61
|
$
|
0.61
|
||||||
Earnings
per share - diluted
|
$
|
0.60
|
$
|
0.59
|
Year
ended December 31, 2005
|
||||||||||||||||
Historical
2005
|
Pro
forma impact NETI 2005
|
Pro
forma impact EUP 2005
|
Pro
forma impact FLA 2005
|
Pro
forma 2005
|
||||||||||||
Revenue
|
$
|
299,221
|
$
|
278
|
$
|
4,964
|
$
|
19,030
|
$
|
323,493
|
||||||
Net
income
|
$
|
18,709
|
$
|
6
|
$
|
128
|
$
|
836
|
$
|
19,679
|
||||||
Earnings
per share - basic
|
$
|
0.80
|
$
|
0.84
|
||||||||||||
Earnings
per share - diluted
|
$
|
0.76
|
$
|
0.80
|
Year
ended December 31, 2004
|
||||||||||
Historical
2004
|
Pro
forma impact SWC 2004
|
Pro
forma 2004
|
||||||||
Revenue
|
$
|
261,233
|
$
|
46
|
$
|
261,279
|
||||
Net
income
|
$
|
12,978
|
$
|
(145
|
)
|
$
|
12,833
|
|||
Earnings
per share - basic
|
$
|
0.60
|
$
|
0.59
|
||||||
Earnings
per share - diluted
|
$
|
0.56
|
$
|
0.56
|
6.
|
GOODWILL
AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
|
Changes
in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2006
and 2005 are as follows (in thousands):
Goodwill
balance as of December 31, 2004
|
$
|
32,802
|
||
Goodwill
acquired pursuant to business acquisition-EUP
|
8,201
|
|||
Goodwill
acquired pursuant to business acquisition-NET
|
18,464
|
|||
Goodwill
balance as of December 31, 2005
|
59,467
|
|||
Goodwill
acquired pursuant to business acquisition-FLA
|
24,710
|
|||
Goodwill
adjustments
|
818
|
|||
Goodwill
balance as of December 31, 2006
|
$
|
84,995
|
Identified
intangible assets, which are included in other assets in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets, consisted of the following:
At
December 31, 2006
|
At
December 31, 2005
|
|||||||||||||||
Weighted
Average Amortization Period (years)
|
Gross
Carrying Amount
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
Gross
Carrying Amount
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
||||||||||||
Student
contracts
|
1
|
$
|
2,200
|
$
|
2,010
|
$
|
1,920
|
$
|
1,569
|
|||||||
Trade
name
|
Indefinite
|
1,270
|
-
|
1,410
|
-
|
|||||||||||
Curriculum
|
10
|
700
|
138
|
1,400
|
74
|
|||||||||||
Non-compete
|
5
|
201
|
25
|
1
|
1
|
|||||||||||
Total
|
$
|
4,371
|
$
|
2,173
|
$
|
4,731
|
$
|
1,644
|
Amortization
of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was
approximately $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.4 million,
respectively.
The
following table summarizes the estimated future amortization
expense:
Year
Ending December 31,
|
||||
2007
|
$
|
300
|
||
2008
|
110
|
|||
2009
|
110
|
|||
2010
|
110
|
|||
2011
|
86
|
|||
Thereafter
|
212
|
|||
$
|
927
|
7.
|
PROPERTY,
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
|
A
summary
of property, equipment and facilities is as follows:
Useful
life (years)
|
At
December 31,
|
|||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
|||||||||
Land
|
-
|
$
|
13,563
|
$
|
5,519
|
|||||
Buildings
and improvements
|
1-25
|
97,914
|
68,922
|
|||||||
Equipment,
furniture and fixtures
|
1-12
|
52,311
|
44,097
|
|||||||
Vehicles
|
1-7
|
1,915
|
1,853
|
|||||||
Construction
in progress
|
-
|
1,536
|
8,111
|
|||||||
167,239
|
128,502
|
|||||||||
Less
accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
(72,871
|
)
|
(59,570
|
)
|
||||||
$
|
94,368
|
$
|
68,932
|
Included
above in equipment, furniture and fixtures are assets acquired under capital
leases as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 of $6.0 million and
$6.0 million, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of
$5.7 million and $5.5 million, respectively.
Included
above in buildings and improvements is capitalized interest as of
December 31, 2006 and 2005 of $0.4 million and $0.3 million,
respectively, net of accumulated depreciation of $0.4 million and
$0.3 million, respectively.
Depreciation
and amortization expense of property, equipment and facilities was
$14.0 million, $12.2 million and $10.3 million for the years
ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
8.
|
ACCRUED
EXPENSES
|
Accrued
expenses consist of the following:
At
December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Accrued
compensation and benefits
|
$
|
6,255
|
$
|
7,393
|
|||
Other
accrued expenses
|
4,080
|
3,667
|
|||||
$
|
10,335
|
$
|
11,060
|
9.
|
LONG-TERM
DEBT AND LEASE OBLIGATIONS
|
Long-term
debt and lease obligations consist of the following:
At
December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Credit
agreement (a)
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
|||
Finance
obligation (b)
|
9,672
|
9,672
|
|||||
Automobile
loans
|
37
|
81
|
|||||
Capital
leases-computers (with rates ranging from 6.7% to 10.7%)
|
151
|
1,015
|
|||||
9,860
|
10,768
|
||||||
Less
current maturities
|
(91
|
)
|
(283
|
)
|
|||
$
|
9,769
|
$
|
10,485
|
(a)
The
Company has a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks. Under the terms
of the agreement, the syndicate provided the Company with a $100 million credit
facility. The credit agreement permits the issuance of up to $20 million in
letters of credit, the amount of which reduces the availability of permitted
borrowings under the agreement. In connection with entering into the credit
agreement, the Company expensed approximately $0.4 million of unamortized
deferred finance charges under the previous credit agreement for the year ended
December 31, 2005. The Company incurred approximately $0.8 million of deferred
finance charges under the existing credit agreement. At December 31, 2006,
the
Company had outstanding letters of credit aggregating $4.4 million which is
primarily comprised of letters of credit for the Department of Education and
real estate leases.
The
obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are secured by a lien
on
substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries and any
assets that it or its subsidiaries may acquire in the future, including a pledge
of substantially all of the subsidiaries’ common stock. Outstanding borrowings
bear interest at the rate of adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0% to 1.75%, as defined,
or a
base rate (as defined in the credit agreement). In addition to paying interest
on outstanding principal under the credit agreement, the Company and its
subsidiaries are required to pay a commitment fee to the lender with respect
to
the unused amounts available under the credit agreement at a rate equal to
0.25%
to 0.40% per year, as defined. In connection with the Company’s initial public
offering in 2005, the Company repaid the then outstanding loan balance of $31.0
million.
On
May
16, 2006, the Company borrowed $10.0 million under the credit agreement. The
interest rate under this borrowing was 6.17%. On July 5, 2006, and on November
13, 2006, the Company borrowed $2.0 million, respectively under the credit
agreement. All amounts under the credit agreement were repaid by December 31,
2006. There were no borrowings outstanding under the credit agreement at
December 31, 2006.
The
credit agreement contains various covenants, including a number of financial
covenants. Furthermore, the credit agreement contains customary events of
default as well as an event of default in the event of the suspension or
termination of Title IV Program funding for the Company’s and its subsidiaries'
schools aggregating 10% or more of the Company’s EBITDA (as defined) or its
consolidated total assets and such suspension or termination is not cured within
a specified period. As of December 31, 2006, the Company was in compliance
with the financial covenants contained in the credit agreement.
(b)
The
Company completed a sale and a leaseback of several facilities on
December 28, 2001, as discussed further in Note 17. The Company
retained a continuing involvement in the lease and as a result it is prohibited
from utilizing sale-leaseback accounting. Accordingly, the Company has treated
this transaction as a finance lease. Rent payments under this obligation for
the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 were $1.3 million, $1.3
million and $1.2 million, respectively. These payments have been reflected
in
the accompanying consolidated income statement as interest expense for all
periods presented since the effective interest rate on the obligation is greater
than the scheduled payments. The lease expiration date is January 25,
2017.
On
May
22, 2006, the Company assumed a mortgage note payable as part of the acquisition
of FLA in the amount of $7.2 million. The mortgage note was payable to the
bank
in monthly installments which varied due to changes in the interest rates.
The
note had an interest rate which was at the bank’s LIBOR rate plus 2.0% with a
maturity date of May 1, 2023. The note was repaid in November 2006. Also see
Note 16.
As
of
December 31, 2006, the Company was in compliance with the financial
covenants contained in its borrowing agreements.
Scheduled
maturities of long-term debt and lease obligations at December 31, 2006 are
as follows:
Year
ending December 31,
|
||||
2007
|
$
|
91
|
||
2008
|
91
|
|||
2009
|
6
|
|||
2010
|
-
|
|||
2011
|
-
|
|||
Thereafter
|
9,672
|
|||
$
|
9,860
|
10.
|
RECOURSE
LOAN AGREEMENT
|
The
Company entered into an agreement effective March 28, 2005 to June 30, 2006
with
a SLM Financial Corporation (SLM) to provide up to $6.0 million of private
recourse loans to qualifying students. The following table reflects selected
information with respect to the recourse loan agreements, including cumulative
loan disbursements and purchase activity under the agreement:
Disbursement
Year
|
Loans
Disbursed
|
Loans
We May be Required to Purchase (1)
|
|||||
2005
|
$
|
1,400
|
$
|
420
|
|||
2006
|
3,486
|
1,046
|
|||||
$
|
4,886
|
$
|
1,466
|
(1)
|
Represents
the maximum amount of loans under the agreement that we may be required
to
purchase in the future based on cumulative loans disbursed and
purchased.
|
Under
the
recourse loan agreement, the Company is required to fund 30% of all loans
disbursed into a SLM reserve account. The amount of our loan purchase obligation
may not exceed 30% of this deposit. We record such amounts in accounts
receivable on our consolidated balance sheet. Amounts on deposit may ultimately
be utilized to purchase loans in default, in which case recoverability of such
amounts would be in question. Accordingly, the Company recorded an allowance
for
the full amount of deposit. Approved funding under this agreement terminated
by
its terms on June 30, 2006.
11.
|
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
Effective
January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the Lincoln Technical Institute
Management Stock Option Plan ("2002 Plan") for key employees, consultants and
nonemployee directors. The name of the Plan was changed to the LESC Management
Stock Option Plan in 2003. There are reserved for issue, upon exercise of
options granted under the Plan, no more than 2,087,835 shares of the authorized
common shares. The term of each option granted is ten years. The options awarded
to each key employee were evenly divided between service options, which vest
annually from the date of grant, and performance options, which vest according
to annual targets. The vesting of the options varies depending on date of hire.
For all key employees, or non-employee directors who were with the Company
prior
to February 1, 2001, 20% of their service options were granted as of the
effective date with 20% vesting annually thereafter. For their performance
options, 25% will vest each year beginning April 15, 2003, subject to the
Company achieving certain financial goals. For all key employees, or
non-employee directors who were hired after February 1, 2001, 20% of their
service options vest on the anniversary of their hire date. Similarly, 20%
of
their performance options will vest on each April 15 after the date of hire
subject to achieving certain financial goals and vest in full after five years.
Prior to the Company’s initial public offering in June 2005, the exercise price
of the options was the estimated fair value of the shares at the date of grant,
as determined by the board of directors. Concurrent with the Company’s initial
public offering, all performance options not yet vested were converted to
service options and vest in the same manner as described above.
On
June
8, 2005, the Company adopted the Lincoln Educational Services Corporation 2005
Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”). The LTIP permits the granting of
stock options, restricted share units, performance share units, stock
appreciation rights and other equity awards, as determined by the Company’s
compensation committee. The compensation committee has the authority,
among other things, to determine eligibility to receive awards, the type of
awards to be granted, the number of shares of stock subject to, or cash amount
payable in connection with, the awards and the terms and conditions of each
award (including vesting, forfeiture, payment, exercisability and performance
periods and targets). The maximum number of shares of our common stock that
may
be issued for all purposes under the LTIP is 1,000,000 shares plus any shares
of
common stock remaining available for issuance under the 2002 Plan. Any shares
of
our common stock that (i) correspond to awards under the LTIP or the 2002 Plan
that are forfeited or expire for any reason without having been exercised or
settled or (ii) are tendered or withheld to pay the exercise price of an award
or to satisfy a participant’s tax withholding obligations will be added back to
the maximum number of shares available for issuance under the LTIP.
On
June
23, 2005, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation became
effective. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation increased
the
number of authorized common shares from 50.0 million shares to
100.0 million shares and authorized 10.0 million shares of preferred
stock.
On
June
28, 2005, the Company issued 3.0 million shares of common stock in an
initial public offering for approximately $53.1 million in net cash proceeds,
after deducting underwriting commissions and offering expenses of approximately
$6.9 million. A portion of the $53.1 million in net proceeds
received from the sale of common stock was used to repay all the outstanding
indebtedness under the credit facility discussed in Note 9, totaling
$31.0 million.
On
July
18, 2005, the underwriters of the initial public offering exercised a portion
of
their over-allotment option resulting in the Company’s sale on July 22, 2005 of
177,425 shares of common stock and net proceeds to the Company of $3.3
million.
Pursuant
to the Company’s 2005 Non-Employee Directors Restricted Stock Plan (the
“Non-Employee Directors Plan”), each of the Company’s seven non-employee
directors received an award of 3,069 restricted shares of common stock equal
to
$0.06 million on July 29, 2005. On January 1, 2006, one non-employee director
resigned, forfeiting 3,069 restricted shares of common stock awarded on July
29,
2005. Two newly appointed non-employee directors each received an award of
3,625
restricted shares of common stock equal to $0.06 million on March 1, 2006.
Additionally, on May 23, 2006, the date of our annual meeting, each non-employee
director received an annual restricted award of 1,781 restricted shares of
common stock equal to $0.03 million. The number of shares granted to each
non-employee director was based on the fair market value of a share of common
stock on that date. The restricted shares vest ratably on the first,
second and third anniversaries of the grant date; however, there is no vesting
period on the right to vote or the right to receive dividends on these
restricted shares. As of December 31, 2006, there were a total of 39,912 shares
awarded and 6,138 shares vested under the Non-Employee Directors Plan. The
recognized restricted stock expense as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $0.3
million and $0.06 million respectively. The deferred compensation or
unrecognized restricted stock expense as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 was
$0.4
million and $0.5 million respectively.
During
2002, 147,563 shares were purchased by certain officers and directors. In
connection with the purchase of these shares, the Company received promissory
notes for approximately $0.4 million, payable in 10 years. Interest
was payable annually at an annual interest rate of 5.6%. These notes had been
reflected as a reduction in stockholders' equity. During 2004, approximately
$0.3 million of these loans were repaid. In the first quarter of 2005, the
remaining balance on these loans was paid in full.
The
fair
value of the stock options used to compute stock-based compensation is the
estimated present value at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model. The weighted average fair values of options granted during 2006,
2005, and 2004 were $9.68, $10.55, and $15.05, respectively, using the following
weighted average assumptions for grants:
December
31,
|
|||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
|
Expected
volatility
|
55.10%
|
55.10-71.35%
|
59.79-80.35%
|
Expected
dividend yield
|
0%
|
0%
|
0%
|
Expected
life (term)
|
6
Years
|
4-8
Years
|
4-8.5
Years
|
Risk-free
interest rate
|
4.13-4.84%
|
3.59-4.29%
|
2.45-4.27%
|
Weighted-average
exercise price during the year
|
$17.00
|
$17.14
|
$23.88
|
The
following is a summary of transactions pertaining to the option
plans:
Shares
|
Weighted
Average Exercise Price Per Share
|
Weighted
Average Remaining Contractual Term
|
Aggregate
intrinsic Value (in thousands)
|
||||||||||
Outstanding
December 31, 2003
|
2,155,595
|
$
|
5.22
|
||||||||||
Granted
|
128,500
|
23.88
|
|||||||||||
Cancelled
|
(230,425
|
)
|
9.49
|
||||||||||
Exercised
|
(31,175
|
)
|
3.10
|
||||||||||
Outstanding
December 31, 2004
|
2,022,495
|
5.92
|
|||||||||||
Granted
|
189,500
|
17.14
|
|||||||||||
Cancelled
|
(102,125
|
)
|
11.30
|
||||||||||
Exercised
|
(270,697
|
)
|
2.65
|
||||||||||
Outstanding
December 31, 2005
|
1,839,173
|
7.26
|
|||||||||||
Granted
|
256,000
|
17.00
|
|||||||||||
Cancelled
|
(103,072
|
)
|
13.98
|
||||||||||
Exercised
|
(263,876
|
)
|
3.56
|
$
|
3,444
|
||||||||
Outstanding
December 31, 2006
|
1,728,225
|
8.85
|
6.31
years
|
10,255
|
|||||||||
Exercisable
as of December 31, 2006
|
1,189,582
|
5.64
|
5.37
years
|
9,876
|
As
of
December 31, 2006, we estimate that pre-tax compensation expense for all
unvested stock option awards, in the amount of approximately $2.7 million which
will be expensed over the weighted-average period of approximately 2.0
years.
The
following table presents a summary of options outstanding at December 31,
2006:
As
of December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||||||||
Stock
Options Outstanding
|
Stock
Options Exercisable
|
|||||||||||||||
Range
of Exercise Prices
|
Shares
|
Contractual
Weighted Average life (years)
|
Weighted
Average Price
|
Shares
|
Weighted
Exercise Price
|
|||||||||||
$1.55
|
50,898
|
2.47
|
$
|
1.55
|
50,898
|
$
|
1.55
|
|||||||||
$3.10
|
906,952
|
5.03
|
3.10
|
885,512
|
3.10
|
|||||||||||
$4.00-$13.99
|
38,500
|
6.34
|
5.81
|
17,300
|
5.43
|
|||||||||||
$14.00-$19.99
|
591,375
|
8.27
|
15.28
|
190,872
|
14.03
|
|||||||||||
$20.00-$25.00
|
140,500
|
7.75
|
22.41
|
45,000
|
23.01
|
|||||||||||
1,728,225
|
6.31
|
8.85
|
1,189,582
|
5.57
|
12.
|
PENSION
PLAN
|
The
Company sponsors a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering
substantially all of the Company's union employees. Benefits are provided based
on employees' years of service and earnings. This plan was frozen on
December 31, 1994 for nonunion employees.
The
following table sets forth the plan's funded status and amounts recognized
in
the consolidated financial statements as of December 31:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
CHANGES
IN BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS:
|
|||||||
Benefit
obligation-beginning of year
|
$
|
13,961
|
$
|
13,055
|
|||
Service
cost
|
110
|
104
|
|||||
Interest
cost
|
797
|
732
|
|||||
Actuarial
loss
|
218
|
710
|
|||||
Benefits
paid
|
(462
|
)
|
(640
|
)
|
|||
Benefit
obligation at end of year
|
14,624
|
13,961
|
|||||
CHANGE
IN PLAN ASSETS:
|
|||||||
Fair
value of plan assets-beginning of year
|
14,330
|
14,071
|
|||||
Actual
return on plan assets
|
1,663
|
649
|
|||||
Employer
contribution
|
200
|
250
|
|||||
Benefits
paid, including expenses
|
(462
|
)
|
(640
|
)
|
|||
Fair
value of plan assets-end of year
|
15,731
|
14,330
|
|||||
FAIR
VALUE IN EXCESS OF BENEFIT OBLIGATION FUNDED STATUS:
|
$
|
1,107
|
$
|
369
|
Amounts
recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Noncurrent
assets
|
$
|
1,107
|
$
|
-
|
|||
Current
liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Noncurrent
liabilities
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
$
|
1,107
|
$
|
-
|
Amounts
recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income consist of:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Transition
asset/(obligation)
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
|||
Prior
service cost
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Loss
|
(4,062
|
)
|
-
|
||||
$
|
(4,062
|
)
|
$
|
-
|
The
accumulated benefit obligation was $14.5 million and $14.0 million at December
31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Effective
on December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of FASB Statement
No.
158, “Employers’
Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement
Plans.”
The
incremental effects of applying Statement 158 on the Company’s December 31, 2006
consolidated financial statements, on a line by line basis, are as
follows:
Balances
Before Adoption of Statement 158
|
Adjustments
|
Balances
After Adoption of Statement 158
|
||||||||
Pension
plan assets, net
|
$
|
5,169
|
$
|
(4,062
|
)
|
$
|
1,107
|
|||
Deferred
income taxes
|
1,037
|
1,651
|
2,688
|
|||||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
-
|
2,411
|
2,411
|
The
following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for the
plan:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
COMPONENTS
OF NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST (INCOME)
|
|||||||
Service
cost
|
$
|
110
|
$
|
104
|
|||
Interest
cost
|
797
|
732
|
|||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
(1,122
|
)
|
(1,101
|
)
|
|||
Amortization
of transition asset
|
-
|
(3
|
)
|
||||
Amortization
of prior service cost
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Recognized
net actuarial loss
|
316
|
266
|
|||||
Net
periodic benefit cost (income)
|
$
|
102
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
The
estimated net loss, transition obligation and prior service cost for the plan
that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net
periodic benefit cost over the next year are $0.2 million, 0 and 0,
respectively.
Fair
value of total plan assets by major asset category as of December
31:
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Equity
securities
|
49
|
%
|
48
|
%
|
|||
Fixed
income
|
36
|
%
|
39
|
%
|
|||
International
equities
|
14
|
%
|
12
|
%
|
|||
Cash
and equivalents
|
1
|
%
|
1
|
%
|
|||
Total
|
100
|
%
|
100
|
%
|
Weighted-average
assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of
December 31:
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Discount
rate
|
5.82
|
%
|
5.75
|
%
|
|||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
4.00
|
%
|
4.00
|
%
|
Weighted-average
assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost for years ended
December 31:
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Discount
rate
|
5.75
|
%
|
5.75
|
%
|
|||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
4.00
|
%
|
4.00
|
%
|
|||
Long-term
rate of return
|
8.00
|
%
|
8.00
|
%
|
As
this
plan was frozen to non-union employees on December 31, 1994, the difference
between the benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation is not
significant in any year.
The
Company invests plan assets based on a total return on investment approach,
pursuant to which the plan assets include a diversified blend of equity and
fixed income investments toward a goal of maximizing the long-term rate of
return without assuming an unreasonable level of investment risk. The Company
determines the level of risk based on an analysis of plan liabilities, the
extent to which the value of the plan assets satisfies the plan liabilities
and
the plan's financial condition. The investment policy includes target
allocations ranging from 30% to 70% for equity investments, 20% to 60% for
fixed
income investments and 0% to 10% for cash equivalents. The equity portion of
the
plan assets represents growth and value stocks of small, medium and large
companies. The Company measures and monitors the investment risk of the plan
assets both on a quarterly basis and annually when the Company assesses plan
liabilities.
The
Company uses a building block approach to estimate the long-term rate of return
on plan assets. This approach is based on the capital markets assumption that
the greater the volatility, the greater the return over the long term. An
analysis of the historical performance of equity and fixed income investments,
together with current market factors such as the inflation and interest rates,
are used to help make the assumptions necessary to estimate a long-term rate
of
return on plan assets. Once this estimate is made, the Company reviews the
portfolio of plan assets and makes adjustments thereto that the Company believes
are necessary to reflect a diversified blend of equity and fixed income
investments that is capable of achieving the estimated long-term rate of return
without assuming an unreasonable level of investment risk. The Company also
compares the portfolio of plan assets to those of other pension plans to help
assess the suitability and appropriateness of the plan's
investments.
While
the
Company does not expect to make any contributions to the plan in 2007, after
considering the funded status of the plan, movements in the discount rate,
investment performance and related tax consequences, the Company may choose
to
make contributions to the plan in any given year.
The
total
amount of the Company’s contributions paid under its pension plan was $0.2
million and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005,
respectively. The net periodic benefit expense was $102,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2006. The net periodic benefit income was $1,000 for the year
ended
December 31, 2005.
Information
about the expected benefit payments for the plan is as follows:
Fiscal
Year Ending December 31,
|
||||
2007
|
$
|
645
|
||
2008
|
661
|
|||
2009
|
703
|
|||
2010
|
769
|
|||
2011
|
798
|
|||
Years
2012-2016
|
5,000
|
Effective
January 1, 1995, the Company established a 401(k) salary reduction plan for
all eligible employees. Employees may contribute up to 15% of their compensation
into the plan. The Company will contribute an additional 30% of the employee's
contributed amount on the first 6% of compensation. For the years ended
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 the Company's expense for the 401(k) plan
amounted to $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million,
respectively.
13.
|
INCOME
TAXES
|
Components
of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||
Current:
|
||||||||||
Federal
|
$
|
11,727
|
$
|
9,160
|
$
|
7,774
|
||||
State
|
2,935
|
2,427
|
1,797
|
|||||||
Total
|
14,662
|
11,587
|
9,571
|
|||||||
Deferred:
|
||||||||||
Federal
|
(2,908
|
)
|
75
|
(329
|
)
|
|||||
State
|
(747
|
)
|
265
|
-
|
||||||
Total
|
(3,655
|
)
|
340
|
(329
|
)
|
|||||
Total
provision
|
$
|
11,007
|
$
|
11,927
|
$
|
9,242
|
The
components of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
At
December 31,
|
|||||||
2006
|
2005
|
||||||
Deferred
tax assets
|
|||||||
Current:
|
|||||||
Accrued
vacation
|
$
|
94
|
$
|
81
|
|||
Allowance
for bad debts
|
4,683
|
3,084
|
|||||
Accrued
student fees
|
50
|
376
|
|||||
Other
|
-
|
4
|
|||||
Total
current deferred tax assets
|
4,827
|
3,545
|
|||||
Noncurrent:
|
|||||||
Accrued
rent
|
2,177
|
1,649
|
|||||
Stock-based
compensation
|
1,568
|
1,140
|
|||||
Depreciation
|
5,369
|
2,698
|
|||||
Other
intangibles
|
(3,177
|
)
|
487
|
||||
Net
operating loss carryforward
|
-
|
60
|
|||||
Sale
leaseback-deferred gain
|
1,889
|
1,769
|
|||||
Other
|
-
|
7
|
|||||
Total
noncurrent deferred tax assets
|
7,826
|
7,810
|
|||||
Deferred
tax liabilities
|
|||||||
Noncurrent:
|
|||||||
Goodwill
|
(4,687
|
)
|
(2,961
|
)
|
|||
Prepaid
pension cost
|
(451
|
)
|
(2,059
|
)
|
|||
Total
deferred tax liabilities
|
(5,138
|
)
|
(5,020
|
)
|
|||
Total
net noncurrent deferred tax assets
|
2,688
|
2,790
|
|||||
Total
net deferred tax assets
|
$
|
7,515
|
$
|
6,335
|
At
December 31, 2005, the Company had $0.8 million of state net operating loss
carry-forwards, which were used in 2006.
The
difference between the actual tax provision (benefit) and the tax provision
(benefit) that would result from the use of the Federal statutory rate is as
follows:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
|||||||||||||||||
Income
before taxes
|
$
|
26,559
|
$
|
30,636
|
$
|
22,220
|
|||||||||||||
Expected
tax
|
$
|
9,296
|
35.0
|
%
|
$
|
10,723
|
35.0
|
%
|
$
|
7,777
|
35.0
|
%
|
|||||||
State
tax expense (net of federal benefit)
|
1,507
|
5.7
|
1,750
|
5.7
|
1,168
|
5.3
|
|||||||||||||
Resolution
of tax contingency (a)
|
-
|
-
|
(785
|
)
|
(2.6
|
)
|
-
|
-
|
|||||||||||
Other
|
204
|
0.7
|
239
|
0.8
|
297
|
1.3
|
|||||||||||||
Total
|
$
|
11,007
|
41.4
|
%
|
$
|
11,927
|
38.9
|
%
|
$
|
9,242
|
41.6
|
%
|
(a)
For
the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company recognized a benefit of
approximately $0.8 million resulting from the resolution of a tax
contingency.
14.
|
SEGMENT
REPORTING
|
The
Company's principal business is providing post-secondary education. Accordingly,
the Company's operations aggregate into one reporting segment.
15.
|
RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
|
Pursuant
to the Employment Agreement between Shaun E. McAlmont and the Company, the
Company agreed to pay and reimburse Mr. McAlmont the reasonable costs of his
relocation from Denver, Colorado to West Orange, New Jersey in the year ended
December 31, 2006. Such relocation assistance included the purchase by the
Company of Mr. McAlmont’s home in Denver, Colorado. The $0.5 million price paid
for Mr. McAlmont’s home equaled the average of the amount of two independent
appraisers selected by the Company. This amount is reflected in property,
equipment and facilities in the accompanying consolidated balance
sheets.
The
Company had a consulting agreement with Hart Capital LLC, which terminated
by
its terms in June 2004, to advise the Company in identifying acquisition and
merger targets and assisting with the due diligence reviews of and negotiations
with these targets. Hart Capital is the managing member of Five Mile River
Capital Partners LLC, which is the second largest stockholder of the
Company. Steven Hart, the President of Hart Capital, is a member of the
Company’s board of directors. The Company paid Hart Capital a monthly retainer,
reimbursement of expenses and an advisory fee for its work on successful
acquisitions or mergers. In accordance with the agreement, the Company
paid Hart Capital approximately $0, and $0.4 million for the years ended
December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In connection with the
consummation of the NETI acquisition, which closed on January 11, 2005, the
Company paid Hart Capital $0.3 million for its services.
In
2003,
the Company entered into a management service agreement with its major
stockholder. In accordance with this agreement the Company paid Stonington
Partners a management fee of $0.75 million per year for management consulting
and financial and business advisory services for each of the years in 2005,
2004
and 2003. Such services included valuing acquisitions and structuring
their financing and assisting with new loan agreements. The Company paid
Stonington Partners $0 and $0.75 million for the years ended December 31, 2006
and 2005, respectively. Fees paid to Stonington Partners were being amortized
over a twelve month period. This agreement terminated by its terms upon
the Company’s completion of its initial public offering. Selling, general
and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 include a
$0.4
million resulting from the amortization of these fees.
During
2002, certain members of senior management issued personal recourse secured
promissory notes to the Company for approximately $0.4 million in connection
with their purchase of shares of our company stock. These notes have been
reflected as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. All amounts outstanding
under these promissory notes were repaid by the end of the first quarter of
2005.
16.
|
DERIVATIVE
INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING
ACTIVITIES
|
On
May
22, 2006, the Company assumed
a
mortgage note payable (See Note 9) with an accompanying interest rate swap
(the
“SWAP”) as part of the acquisition of the New England Institute of Technology at
Palm Beach, Inc. in the amount of $7.2 million. The
Company accounted for the interest rate swap agreement in accordance with
SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,
as
amended. Under
the
swap agreement, the Company paid a fixed rate tied to the one month LIBOR rate
until May 1, 2013 and received a variable rate of 6.48%. The SWAP was
accounted for as an ineffective hedge as it did not meet the requirements set
forth under SFAS No. 133. Accordingly,
other income (loss) includes a loss of $0.2 million as of December 31,
2006. The
Company repaid the mortgage note in November 2006. As a result the SWAP
agreement was terminated and the Company received $0.2 million for the fair
market value.
17.
|
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
Lease
Commitments—The
Company leases office premises, educational facilities and various equipment
for
varying periods through the year 2020 at basic annual rentals (excluding taxes,
insurance, and other expenses under certain leases) as follows:
Year
Ending December 31,
|
Finance
Obligations
|
Operating
Leases
|
Capital
Leases
|
|||||||
2007
|
$
|
1,334
|
$
|
17,085
|
$
|
101
|
||||
2008
|
1,334
|
16,264
|
95
|
|||||||
2009
|
1,334
|
14,126
|
7
|
|||||||
2010
|
1,334
|
12,570
|
-
|
|||||||
2011
|
1,334
|
11,916
|
-
|
|||||||
Thereafter
|
6,784
|
76,452
|
-
|
|||||||
13,454
|
148,413
|
203
|
||||||||
Less
amount representing interest
|
(13,454
|
)
|
-
|
(15
|
)
|
|||||
$
|
-
|
$
|
148,413
|
$
|
188
|
On
December 28, 2001, the Company completed a sale and a leaseback of four
owned facilities to a third party for net proceeds of approximately
$8.8 million. The initial term of the lease is 15 years with two
ten-year extensions. The lease is an operating lease that starts at
$1.2 million in the first year and increases annually by the consumer price
index. The lease includes an option near the end of the initial lease term
to
purchase the facilities at fair value, as defined. This transaction is being
accounted for as a lease obligation. The net proceeds received have been
reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as a finance obligation. The lease
payments are included as a component of interest expense.
Rent
expense, included in operating expenses in the accompanying financial statements
for the three years ended December 31, 2006 is $17.2 million,
$16.7 million, and $15.2 million, respectively. Interest expense
related to the financing obligation in the accompanying financial statements
for
the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 is $1.3 million, $1.3
million and $1.2 million, respectively.
Capital
Expenditures—The
Company has entered into commitments to expand or renovate campuses. These
commitments are in the range of $3.0 to $5.0 million in the aggregate and are
due within the next 12 months.
Litigation
and Regulatory Matters—In
the
ordinary conduct of our business, we are subject to periodic lawsuits,
investigations and claims, including, but not limited to, claims involving
students or graduates and routine employment matters. Although we cannot predict
with certainty the ultimate resolution of lawsuits, investigations and claims
asserted against us, we do not believe that any currently pending legal
proceeding to which we are a party will have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, results of operation or cash flows.
18.
|
UNAUDITED
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
|
Quarterly
financial information for 2006 and 2005 is as follows (in thousands except
per
share data):
Quarter
|
|||||||||||||
2006
|
First
|
Second
|
Third
|
Fourth
|
|||||||||
Net
revenues
|
$
|
75,513
|
$
|
75,363
|
$
|
84,505
|
$
|
86,125
|
|||||
Income
from operations
|
4,708
|
1,799
|
4,630
|
16,864
|
|||||||||
Net
income available to common stockholders
|
2,762
|
966
|
2,232
|
9,592
|
|||||||||
Income
per share:
|
|||||||||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.11
|
$
|
0.04
|
$
|
0.09
|
$
|
0.38
|
|||||
Diluted
|
$
|
0.11
|
$
|
0.04
|
$
|
0.09
|
$
|
0.37
|
Quarter
|
|||||||||||||
2005
|
First
|
Second
|
Third
|
Fourth
|
|||||||||
Net
revenues
|
$
|
70,869
|
$
|
68,236
|
$
|
78,352
|
$
|
81,764
|
|||||
Income
from operations
|
2,501
|
812
|
7,898
|
21,299
|
|||||||||
Net
income available to common stockholders
|
772
|
42
|
5,485
|
12,410
|
|||||||||
Income
per share:
|
|||||||||||||
Basic
|
$
|
0.04
|
$
|
0.00
|
$
|
0.22
|
$
|
0.49
|
|||||
Diluted
|
$
|
0.03
|
$
|
0.00
|
$
|
0.21
|
$
|
0.48
|
LINCOLN
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES CORPORATION
Schedule II—Valuation
and Qualifying Accounts
(in
thousands)
Description
|
Balance
at Beginning of Period
|
Charged
to Expense
|
Amount
Written-off
|
Balance
at End of Period
|
|||||||||
Allowance
accounts for the year ended:
|
|||||||||||||
December
31, 2006
|
|||||||||||||
Student
receivable allowance
|
$
|
7,647
|
$
|
15,590
|
$
|
(11,701
|
)
|
$
|
11,536
|
||||
December
31, 2005
|
|||||||||||||
Student
receivable allowance
|
$
|
7,023
|
$
|
11,188
|
$
|
(10,564
|
)
|
$
|
7,647
|
||||
December
31, 2004
|
|||||||||||||
Student
receivable allowance
|
$
|
5,469
|
$
|
9,247
|
$
|
(7,693
|
)
|
$
|
7,023
|
F-33