LINDE PLC - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to
| Commission file number | 001-38730 | ||||
LINDE PLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Ireland | 98-1448883 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| 10 Riverview Drive, | Forge | |||||||
Danbury, Connecticut | 43 Church Street West | |||||||
United States 06810 | Woking, Surrey GU21 6HT | |||||||
| United Kingdom | ||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) | ||||||||
(203) 837 - 2000 | +44 14 83 242200 | |||||||
| (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) | ||||||||
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares (€0.001 nominal value per share) | LIN | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||
| If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
At September 30, 2022, 494,379,532 ordinary shares (€0.001 par value) of the Registrant were outstanding.
1
| INDEX | ||||||||
| PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION | ||||||||
| Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | |||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
2
Forward-looking Statements
This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are identified by terms and phrases such as: anticipate, believe, intend, estimate, expect, continue, should, could, may, plan, project, predict, will, potential, forecast, and similar expressions. They are based on management’s reasonable expectations and assumptions as of the date the statements are made but involve risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation: the performance of stock markets generally; developments in worldwide and national economies and other international events and circumstances, including trade conflicts and tariffs; changes in foreign currencies and in interest rates; the cost and availability of electric power, natural gas and other raw materials; the ability to achieve price increases to offset cost increases; catastrophic events including natural disasters, epidemics, pandemics such as COVID-19, and acts of war and terrorism; the ability to attract, hire, and retain qualified personnel; the impact of changes in financial accounting standards; the impact of changes in pension plan liabilities; the impact of tax, environmental, healthcare and other legislation and government regulation in jurisdictions in which the company operates; the cost and outcomes of investigations, litigation and regulatory proceedings; the impact of potential unusual or non-recurring items; continued timely development and market acceptance of new products and applications; the impact of competitive products and pricing; future financial and operating performance of major customers and industries served; the impact of information technology system failures, network disruptions and breaches in data security; and the effectiveness and speed of integrating new acquisitions into the business. These risks and uncertainties may cause future results or circumstances to differ materially from adjusted projections, estimates or other forward-looking statements.
Linde plc assumes no obligation to update or provide revisions to any forward-looking statement in response to changing circumstances. The above listed risks and uncertainties are further described in Item 1A. Risk Factors in Linde plc’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022, which should be reviewed carefully. Please consider Linde plc’s forward-looking statements in light of those risks.
3
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Millions of dollars, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)
| Quarter Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | |||||||
| Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | 5,285 | 4,368 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 770 | 793 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 1,045 | 1,163 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 35 | 36 | |||||||||
| Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 15 | 26 | |||||||||
| Other income (expense) - net | (34) | 10 | |||||||||
| Operating Profit | 1,613 | 1,292 | |||||||||
| Interest expense - net | 18 | 8 | |||||||||
| Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | (53) | (45) | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Equity Investments | 1,648 | 1,329 | |||||||||
| Income taxes on continuing operations | 391 | 321 | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations Before Equity Investments | 1,257 | 1,008 | |||||||||
| Income from equity investments | 43 | 1 | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations (Including Noncontrolling Interests) | 1,300 | 1,009 | |||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Net Income (Including Noncontrolling Interests) | 1,300 | 1,010 | |||||||||
| Less: noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | (27) | (31) | |||||||||
| Net Income – Linde plc | $ | 1,273 | $ | 979 | |||||||
| Net Income – Linde plc | |||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,273 | $ | 978 | |||||||
| Income from discontinued operations | $ | — | $ | 1 | |||||||
| Per Share Data – Linde plc Shareholders | |||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.90 | |||||||
| Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.90 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | — | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (000’s): | |||||||||||
| Basic shares outstanding | 497,186 | 515,169 | |||||||||
| Diluted shares outstanding | 501,151 | 520,079 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
4
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Millions of dollars, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | |||||||
| Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | 15,023 | 12,616 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 2,343 | 2,402 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,248 | 3,500 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 107 | 105 | |||||||||
| Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 1,004 | 222 | |||||||||
| Other income (expense) - net | (58) | (3) | |||||||||
| Operating Profit | 3,682 | 3,647 | |||||||||
| Interest expense - net | 32 | 46 | |||||||||
| Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | (179) | (143) | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Equity Investments | 3,829 | 3,744 | |||||||||
| Income taxes on continuing operations | 1,046 | 923 | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations Before Equity Investments | 2,783 | 2,821 | |||||||||
| Income from equity investments | 137 | 81 | |||||||||
| Income From Continuing Operations (Including Noncontrolling Interests) | 2,920 | 2,902 | |||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | 3 | |||||||||
| Net Income (Including Noncontrolling Interests) | 2,920 | 2,905 | |||||||||
| Less: noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | (101) | (105) | |||||||||
| Net Income – Linde plc | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,800 | |||||||
| Net Income – Linde plc | |||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,797 | |||||||
| Income from discontinued operations | $ | — | $ | 3 | |||||||
| Per Share Data – Linde plc Shareholders | |||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 5.62 | $ | 5.39 | |||||||
| Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 5.62 | $ | 5.40 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.34 | |||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | 0.01 | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.35 | |||||||
| Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (000’s): | |||||||||||
| Basic shares outstanding | 501,743 | 518,802 | |||||||||
| Diluted shares outstanding | 506,012 | 523,662 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
5
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Millions of dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Quarter Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| NET INCOME (INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS) | $ | 1,300 | $ | 1,010 | |||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | |||||||||||
| Translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (1,769) | (823) | |||||||||
| Reclassification to net income | 24 | — | |||||||||
| Income taxes | 2 | 4 | |||||||||
| Translation adjustments | (1,743) | (819) | |||||||||
Funded status - retirement obligations (Note 8): | |||||||||||
| Retirement program remeasurements | 66 | 52 | |||||||||
| Reclassifications to net income | 24 | 43 | |||||||||
| Income taxes | (19) | (28) | |||||||||
| Funded status - retirement obligations | 71 | 67 | |||||||||
Derivative instruments (Note 5): | |||||||||||
| Current unrealized gain (loss) | 60 | 64 | |||||||||
| Reclassifications to net income | (54) | (25) | |||||||||
| Income taxes | (2) | (10) | |||||||||
| Derivative instruments | 4 | 29 | |||||||||
| TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (1,668) | (723) | |||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS) | (368) | 287 | |||||||||
| Less: noncontrolling interests | 15 | (18) | |||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - LINDE PLC | $ | (353) | $ | 269 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
6
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Millions of dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| NET INCOME (INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS) | $ | 2,920 | $ | 2,905 | |||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | |||||||||||
| Translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (3,279) | (1,068) | |||||||||
| Reclassification to net income | (110) | (52) | |||||||||
| Income taxes | (5) | (4) | |||||||||
| Translation adjustments | (3,394) | (1,124) | |||||||||
Funded status - retirement obligations (Note 8): | |||||||||||
| Retirement program remeasurements | 188 | 53 | |||||||||
| Reclassifications to net income | 62 | 130 | |||||||||
| Income taxes | (47) | (53) | |||||||||
| Funded status - retirement obligations | 203 | 130 | |||||||||
Derivative instruments (Note 5): | |||||||||||
| Current unrealized gain (loss) | 170 | 104 | |||||||||
| Reclassifications to net income | (74) | (30) | |||||||||
| Income taxes | (20) | (18) | |||||||||
| Derivative instruments | 76 | 56 | |||||||||
| TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (3,115) | (938) | |||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (INCLUDING NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS) | (195) | 1,967 | |||||||||
| Less: noncontrolling interests | (30) | (95) | |||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - LINDE PLC | $ | (225) | $ | 1,872 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
7
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Millions of dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,756 | $ | 2,823 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable - net | 4,599 | 4,499 | |||||||||
| Contract assets | 104 | 134 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,855 | 1,733 | |||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | 889 | 970 | |||||||||
| Total Current Assets | 11,203 | 10,159 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment - net | 22,586 | 26,003 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 24,565 | 27,038 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets - net | 11,810 | 13,802 | |||||||||
| Other long-term assets | 4,159 | 4,603 | |||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 74,323 | $ | 81,605 | |||||||
| Liabilities and equity | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 3,067 | $ | 3,503 | |||||||
| Short-term debt | 3,179 | 1,163 | |||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | 1,551 | 1,709 | |||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 2,902 | 2,940 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 4,362 | 4,328 | |||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 15,061 | 13,643 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 10,608 | 11,335 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 9,715 | 11,186 | |||||||||
| Total Liabilities | 35,384 | 36,164 | |||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 13 | 13 | |||||||||
| Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity: | |||||||||||
Ordinary shares,€0.001 par value, authorized 1,750,000,000 shares, 2022 and 2021 issued: 552,012,862 ordinary shares | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 40,011 | 40,180 | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 19,845 | 18,710 | |||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 11) | (8,094) | (5,048) | |||||||||
Less: Treasury shares, at cost (2022 – 57,633,330 shares and 2021 – 43,331,983 shares) | (14,135) | (9,808) | |||||||||
| Total Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity | 37,628 | 44,035 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 1,298 | 1,393 | |||||||||
| Total Equity | 38,926 | 45,428 | |||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 74,323 | $ | 81,605 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
8
LINDE PLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Millions of dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | |||||||||||
| Operations | |||||||||||
| Net income - Linde plc | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,800 | |||||||
| Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax and noncontrolling interests | — | (3) | |||||||||
| Add: Noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | 101 | 105 | |||||||||
| Income from continuing operations (including noncontrolling interests) | 2,920 | 2,902 | |||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, net of payments | 909 | 83 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 3,248 | 3,500 | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | (412) | (184) | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 78 | 95 | |||||||||
| Working capital: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (572) | (539) | |||||||||
| Inventory | (300) | (77) | |||||||||
| Prepaid and other current assets | (111) | (25) | |||||||||
| Payables and accruals | 376 | 131 | |||||||||
| Contract assets and liabilities, net | 369 | 530 | |||||||||
| Pension contributions | (44) | (32) | |||||||||
| Long-term assets, liabilities and other | 308 | 108 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,769 | 6,492 | |||||||||
| Investing | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (2,237) | (2,247) | |||||||||
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (110) | (31) | |||||||||
| Divestitures, net of cash divested and asset sales | 140 | 147 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (2,207) | (2,131) | |||||||||
| Financing | |||||||||||
| Short-term debt borrowings (repayments) - net | 2,229 | 369 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt borrowings | 2,291 | 2,260 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt repayments | (1,725) | (821) | |||||||||
| Issuances of ordinary shares | 24 | 39 | |||||||||
| Purchases of ordinary shares | (4,478) | (3,251) | |||||||||
| Cash dividends - Linde plc shareholders | (1,758) | (1,648) | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest transactions and other | (62) | (319) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (3,479) | (3,371) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (150) | (44) | |||||||||
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 933 | 946 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning-of-period | 2,823 | 3,754 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end-of-period | $ | 3,756 | $ | 4,700 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
9
INDEX TO NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - Linde plc and Subsidiaries (Unaudited)
10
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Presentation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements - In the opinion of Linde management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented and such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of Linde plc and subsidiaries in Linde's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to the company’s significant accounting policies during 2022.
Reclassifications – Certain prior periods' amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.
2. Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Other Charges
2022 Charges
Other charges were $15 million (benefit of $10 million, after tax) for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 and primarily related to the sale of the GIST business. Total Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges were $1,004 million ($878 million, after tax and noncontrolling interests) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, largely attributable to the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
The following tables summarize the company's pre-tax charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (millions of dollars) | Russia deconsolidation charges | Other Russia related charges | Total Russia charges | Merger-related and other charges | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| EMEA | 733 | 2 | 735 | 49 | 784 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APAC | — | — | — | 29 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Engineering | 54 | 112 | 166 | (9) | 157 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | 31 | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 787 | $ | 114 | $ | 901 | $ | 103 | $ | 1,004 | |||||||||||||||||||
Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Deconsolidation of Russian entities
In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, multiple jurisdictions, including Europe and the U.S., have imposed several tranches of economic sanctions on Russia. As a result, Linde reassessed its ability to control its Russian subsidiaries and determined that as of June 30, 2022 it can no longer exercise control over these entities. As such, Linde deconsolidated its Russian gas and engineering business entities as of June 30, 2022. The deconsolidation of the company's Russian gas and engineering business entities resulted in a loss of $787 million ($730 million after tax) during the second quarter.
The fair value of Linde’s Russian subsidiaries was determined using a probability weighted discounted cash flow model, which resulted in the recognition of a $407 million loss on deconsolidation when compared to the carrying value of the entities. This loss is recorded within Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges in the consolidated statements of income.
Upon deconsolidation an investment was recorded, which represents the fair value of net assets. The company did not receive any consideration, cash or otherwise, as part of the deconsolidation. Linde will maintain its interest in its Russian subsidiaries and will continue to comply with sanctions and government restrictions as it continues to develop divestiture options. The investment will be monitored for impairment in future periods.
Receivables, primarily loans receivable, with newly deconsolidated entities were reassessed for collectability resulting in a write-off of approximately $380 million.
11
Other Russia related charges
Other charges related specifically to the Russia-Ukraine conflict were $114 million ($84 million after tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and are primarily comprised of impairments of assets which are maintained by international entities in support of the Russian business.
Merger-related and other charges
Merger related and other charges were $15 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, primarily related to the sale of the GIST business. On September 30, 2022, Linde completed the sale of its GIST business. The total consideration for the sale was $292 million, $184 million of which was paid in cash with the remaining $108 million to be paid in future periods. The sale of the GIST business resulted in a loss of $21 million (benefit of $3 million, after tax) recorded within the Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges in the consolidated statement of income.
Merger related and other charges were $103 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily related to the impairment of an equity method investment in the EMEA segment.
Cash Requirements
The total cash requirements of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are expected to be immaterial. Liabilities accrued are expected to be paid through 2023. Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, net of payments in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 also reflects the impact of cash payments of liabilities accrued as of December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes the activities related to the company's Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
| (millions of dollars) | Total Russia charges | Severance costs | Other cost reduction charges | Total cost reduction program related charges | Merger-related and other charges | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | — | $ | 384 | $ | 38 | $ | 422 | $ | 31 | $ | 453 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 901 | 30 | 16 | 46 | 57 | 1,004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Cash payments / receipts | (99) | (15) | (114) | 19 | (95) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Non-cash charges | (901) | — | (7) | (7) | (76) | (984) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation and other | — | (41) | (5) | (46) | (3) | (49) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, September 30, 2022 | $ | — | $ | 274 | $ | 27 | $ | 301 | $ | 28 | $ | 329 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2021 Charges
Cost reduction programs and other charges were $26 million and $222 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively ($58 million and $228 million after tax).
Total cost reduction program related charges were $29 million and $277 million ($25 million and $209 million after tax), for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. These expenses consisted primarily of severance charges of $20 million and $228 million and other charges of $9 million and $49 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, related to the execution of the company's synergistic actions including location consolidations and business rationalization projects, process harmonization, and associated non-recurring costs.
Merger-related and other charges were benefits of $3 million and $55 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively (charge of $33 million and a benefit of $19 million, after tax). The 2021 year-to-date pre-tax benefit was primarily due to a $52 million gain triggered by a joint venture deconsolidation in the APAC segment.
In addition, the nine months ended September 30, 2021 include net income tax charges of $38 million, primarily related to (i) $81 million of expense due to the revaluation of a net deferred tax liability resulting from a tax rate increase in the United Kingdom enacted in the current quarter, and (ii) a tax settlement benefit of $33 million.
12
The quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021 also include an impairment charge of $35 million ($35 million, after tax) related to a joint venture in the APAC segment. The charge is shown within income from equity investments on the consolidated statements of income.
Classification in the condensed consolidated financial statements
The costs are shown within operating profit in a separate line item on the consolidated statements of income. On the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, the impact of these costs, net of cash payments, is shown as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities. In Note 10 Segments, Linde excluded these costs from its management definition of segment operating profit; a reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated operating profit is shown within the segment operating profit table.
3. Supplemental Information
Receivables
Linde applies loss rates that are lifetime expected credit losses at initial recognition of the receivables. These expected loss rates are based on an analysis of the actual historical default rates for each business, taking regional circumstances into account. If necessary, these historical default rates are adjusted to reflect the impact of current changes in the macroeconomic environment using forward-looking information. The loss rates are also evaluated based on the expectations of the responsible management team regarding the collectability of the receivables. Gross trade receivables aged less than one year were $4,574 million and $4,425 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and gross receivables aged greater than one year were $285 million and $329 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Other receivables were $117 million and $150 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Receivables aged greater than one year are generally fully reserved unless specific circumstances warrant exceptions, such as those backed by federal governments.
Accounts receivable net of reserves were $4,599 million at September 30, 2022 and $4,499 million at December 31, 2021. Allowances for expected credit losses were $377 million at September 30, 2022 and $405 million at December 31, 2021. Provisions for expected credit losses were $112 million and $101 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The allowance activity in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 related to write-offs of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries and currency movements is not material.
Inventories
The following is a summary of Linde's consolidated inventories:
| (Millions of dollars) | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||
| Inventories | |||||||||||
| Raw materials and supplies | $ | 477 | $ | 399 | |||||||
| Work in process | 321 | 334 | |||||||||
| Finished goods | 1,057 | 1,000 | |||||||||
| Total inventories | $ | 1,855 | $ | 1,733 | |||||||
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4. Debt
The following is a summary of Linde's outstanding debt at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
| (Millions of dollars) | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||
| SHORT-TERM | |||||||||||
| Commercial paper | $ | 2,954 | $ | 278 | |||||||
| Other bank borrowings (primarily non U.S.) | 225 | 885 | |||||||||
| Total short-term debt | 3,179 | 1,163 | |||||||||
| LONG-TERM (a) | |||||||||||
| (U.S. dollar denominated unless otherwise noted) | |||||||||||
0.250% Euro denominated notes due 2022 (b) (c) | — | 1,137 | |||||||||
2.20% Notes due 2022 (e) | — | 500 | |||||||||
2.70% Notes due 2023 | 500 | 500 | |||||||||
2.00% Euro denominated notes due 2023 (b) | 642 | 759 | |||||||||
5.875% GBP denominated notes due 2023 (b) | 345 | 432 | |||||||||
1.20% Euro denominated notes due 2024 | 539 | 625 | |||||||||
1.875% Euro denominated notes due 2024 (b) | 298 | 356 | |||||||||
2.65% Notes due 2025 | 399 | 399 | |||||||||
1.625% Euro denominated notes due 2025 | 487 | 565 | |||||||||
0.00% Euro denominated notes due 2026 | 689 | 799 | |||||||||
3.20% Notes due 2026 | 725 | 725 | |||||||||
3.434% Notes due 2026 | 198 | 197 | |||||||||
1.652% Euro denominated notes due 2027 | 80 | 94 | |||||||||
0.250% Euro denominated notes due 2027 | 734 | 850 | |||||||||
1.00% Euro denominated notes due 2027 (d) | 488 | — | |||||||||
1.00% Euro denominated notes due 2028 (b) | 689 | 879 | |||||||||
1.10% Notes due 2030 | 696 | 696 | |||||||||
1.90% Euro denominated notes due 2030 | 102 | 118 | |||||||||
1.375% Euro denominated notes due 2031 (d) | 728 | — | |||||||||
0.550% Euro denominated notes due 2032 | 730 | 847 | |||||||||
0.375% Euro denominated notes due 2033 | 487 | 565 | |||||||||
1.625% Euro denominated notes due 2035 (d) | 773 | — | |||||||||
3.55% Notes due 2042 | 665 | 664 | |||||||||
2.00% Notes due 2050 | 296 | 296 | |||||||||
1.00% Euro denominated notes due 2051 | 679 | 788 | |||||||||
| Non U.S borrowings | 180 | 243 | |||||||||
| Other | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
| 12,159 | 13,044 | ||||||||||
| Less: current portion of long-term debt | (1,551) | (1,709) | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt | 10,608 | 11,335 | |||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 15,338 | $ | 14,207 | |||||||
(a)Amounts are net of unamortized discounts, premiums and/or debt issuance costs as applicable.
(b)September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 included a cumulative $46 million and $42 million adjustment to carrying value, respectively, related to hedge accounting of interest rate swaps. Refer to Note 5.
(c)In January 2022, Linde repaid €1.0 billion of 0.250% notes that became due.
(d)In March 2022, Linde issued €500 million of 1.000% notes due 2027, €750 million of 1.375% notes due 2031, and €800 million of 1.625% notes due 2035.
(e)In May 2022, Linde repaid $500 million of 2.20% notes due in August 2022. There was no impact to interest within the consolidated statements of income.
The company maintains a $5 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of banking institutions that expires March 26, 2024. There are no financial maintenance covenants contained within the credit agreement. No borrowings were outstanding under the credit agreement as of September 30, 2022.
5. Financial Instruments
In its normal operations, Linde is exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and energy and commodity costs. The objective of financial risk management at Linde is to minimize the negative impact of such fluctuations on the company’s earnings and cash flows. To manage these risks, among other strategies, Linde routinely enters into various derivative financial instruments (“derivatives”) including interest-rate swap and treasury rate lock agreements, currency-swap agreements, forward contracts, currency options, and commodity-swap agreements. These instruments are not entered into for trading purposes and Linde only uses commonly traded and non-leveraged instruments.
There are three types of derivatives that the company enters into: (i) those relating to fair-value exposures, (ii) those relating to cash-flow exposures, and (iii) those relating to foreign currency net investment exposures. Fair-value exposures relate to recognized assets or liabilities, and firm commitments; cash-flow exposures relate to the variability of future cash flows associated with recognized assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions; and net investment exposures relate to the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes on the carrying value of net assets denominated in foreign currencies.
When a derivative is executed and hedge accounting is appropriate, it is designated as either a fair-value hedge, cash-flow hedge, or a net investment hedge. Currently, Linde designates all interest-rate and treasury-rate locks as hedges for accounting purposes; however, cross-currency contracts are generally not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Certain currency contracts related to forecasted transactions are designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Whether designated as hedges for accounting purposes or not, all derivatives are linked to an appropriate underlying exposure. On an ongoing basis, the company assesses the hedge effectiveness of all derivatives designated as hedges for accounting purposes to determine if they continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged items. If it is determined that the hedge is not highly effective through the use of a qualitative assessment, then hedge accounting will be discontinued prospectively.
Counterparties to Linde's derivatives are major banking institutions with credit ratings of investment grade or better. The company has Credit Support Annexes ("CSAs") in place for certain entities with its principal counterparties to minimize potential default risk and to mitigate counterparty risk. Under the CSAs, the fair values of derivatives for the purpose of interest rate and currency management are collateralized with cash on a regular basis. As of September 30, 2022, the impact of such collateral posting arrangements on the fair value of derivatives was insignificant. Management believes the risk of incurring losses on derivative contracts related to credit risk is remote and any losses would be immaterial.
The following table is a summary of the notional amount and fair value of derivatives outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 for consolidated subsidiaries:
| Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notional Amounts | Assets (a) | Liabilities (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance sheet items | $ | 3,237 | $ | 4,427 | $ | 36 | $ | 22 | $ | 17 | $ | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forecasted transactions | 471 | 537 | 11 | 6 | 25 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross-currency swaps | 60 | 148 | 1 | 21 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,768 | $ | 5,112 | $ | 48 | $ | 49 | $ | 44 | $ | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forecasted transactions | 323 | 758 | 10 | 14 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | N/A | N/A | 20 | 49 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | 784 | 1,251 | — | 24 | 59 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Hedges | $ | 1,107 | $ | 2,009 | $ | 30 | $ | 87 | $ | 65 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Derivatives | $ | 4,875 | $ | 7,121 | $ | 78 | $ | 136 | $ | 109 | $ | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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(a)Amounts as at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 included current assets of $72 million and $101 million which are recorded in prepaid and other current assets; long-term assets of $6 million and $35 million which are recorded in other long-term assets; current liabilities of $42 million and $27 million which are recorded in other current liabilities; and long-term liabilities of $67 million and $8 million which are recorded in other long-term liabilities.
Balance Sheet Items
Foreign currency contracts related to balance sheet items consist of forward contracts entered into to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign-currency exchange rates on recorded balance sheet assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the related operating unit. Certain forward currency contracts are entered into to protect underlying monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies from foreign exchange risk and are not designated as hedging instruments. For balance sheet items that are not designated as hedging instruments, the fair value adjustments on these contracts are offset by the fair value adjustments recorded on the underlying monetary assets and liabilities.
Forecasted Transactions
Foreign currency contracts related to forecasted transactions consist of forward contracts entered into to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign-currency exchange rates on (1) forecasted purchases of capital-related equipment and services, (2) forecasted sales, or (3) other forecasted cash flows denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the related operating units. For forecasted transactions that are designated as cash flow hedges, fair value adjustments are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") with deferred amounts reclassified to earnings over the same time period as the income statement impact of the associated forecasted transaction. For forecasted transactions that do not qualify for cash flow hedging relationships, fair value adjustments are recorded directly to earnings.
Cross-Currency Swaps
Cross-currency interest rate swaps are used to limit the foreign currency risk of future principal and interest cash flows associated with intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. The fair value adjustments on the cross-currency swaps are recorded to earnings, where they are offset by fair value adjustments on the underlying intercompany loan or bond.
Commodity Contracts
Commodity contracts are used to manage the exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, which arise in the normal course of business from its procurement transactions. Commodity price fluctuations are largely covered through contractual pass through to customers. To reduce the extent of the remaining risk, Linde enters into a limited number of electricity, natural gas, and propane gas derivatives. For forecasted transactions that are designated as cash flow hedges, fair value adjustments are recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") with deferred amounts reclassified to earnings over the same time period as the income statement impact of the associated purchase.
Net Investment Hedges
As of September 30, 2022, Linde has €7.5 billion ($7.5 billion) Euro-denominated notes and intercompany loans that are designated as hedges of the net investment positions in foreign operations. Since hedge inception, the deferred gain recorded within the cumulative translation adjustment component of AOCI in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income is $1,191 million (deferred gain of $512 million and $1,051 million recorded for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022).
As of September 30, 2022, Linde has exchange rate movements relating to previously designated hedges that remain in AOCI at a loss of $42 million. These movements will remain in AOCI, until appropriate, such as upon sale or liquidation of the related foreign operations at which time amounts will be reclassified to the consolidated statements of income.
Interest Rate Swaps
Linde uses interest rate swaps to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities as a result of interest rate changes. These interest rate swaps effectively convert fixed-rate interest exposures to variable rates; fair value adjustments are recognized in earnings along with an equally offsetting charge/benefit to earnings for the changes in the fair value of the underlying financial asset or financial liability (See Note 4).
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Derivatives' Impact on Consolidated Statements of Income
The following table summarizes the impact of the company’s derivatives on the consolidated statements of income:
| Amount of Pre-Tax Gain (Loss) Recognized in Earnings * | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance sheet items | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt-related | $ | (52) | $ | (13) | $ | (42) | $ | 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Other balance sheet items | 19 | 2 | 11 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (33) | $ | (11) | $ | (31) | $ | 25 | |||||||||||||||
* The gains (losses) on balance sheet items are offset by gains (losses) recorded on the underlying hedged assets and liabilities. Accordingly, the gains (losses) for the derivatives and the underlying hedged assets and liabilities related to debt items are recorded in the consolidated statements of income as interest expense-net. Other balance sheet items and anticipated net income gains (losses) are generally recorded in the consolidated statements of income as other income (expenses)-net.
The amounts of gain or loss recognized in AOCI and reclassified to the consolidated statement of income was not material for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net impacts expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are also not material.
6. Fair Value Disclosures
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels as follows:
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable
Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| Fair Value Measurements Using | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative assets | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 78 | $ | 136 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments and securities* | 20 | 42 | — | — | 12 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 20 | $ | 42 | $ | 78 | $ | 136 | 12 | $ | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liabilities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 109 | $ | 35 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
* Investments and securities are recorded in prepaid and other current assets and other long-term assets in the company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Level 1 investments and securities are marketable securities traded on an exchange. Level 2 investments are based on market prices obtained from independent brokers or determined using quantitative models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including third-party pricing services, brokers and market transactions. Level 3 investments and securities consist of a venture fund. For the valuation, Linde uses the net asset value received as part of the fund's quarterly reporting, which for the most part is not based on quoted prices in active markets. In order to reflect current market conditions, Linde proportionally adjusts the investment value by observable market data (stock exchange prices) or current transaction prices.
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Changes in level 3 investments and securities were immaterial.
The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term debt, accounts receivable-net, and accounts payable approximate carrying value because of the short-term maturities of these instruments.
The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues. Long-term debt is categorized within either Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the trading volume of the issues and whether or not they are actively quoted in the market as opposed to traded through over-the-counter transactions. At September 30, 2022, the estimated fair value of Linde’s long-term debt portfolio was $10,298 million versus a carrying value of $12,159 million. At December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of Linde’s long-term debt portfolio was $13,219 million versus a carrying value of $13,044 million. Differences between the carrying value and the fair value are attributable to fluctuations in interest rates subsequent to when the debt was issued and relative to stated coupon rates.
7. Earnings Per Share – Linde plc Shareholders
Basic and diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing Income from continuing operations, Income from discontinued operations and Net income – Linde plc for the period by the weighted average number of either basic or diluted shares outstanding, as follows:
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator (Millions of dollars) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,273 | $ | 978 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,797 | |||||||||||||||
| Income from discontinued operations | — | 1 | $ | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income – Linde plc | $ | 1,273 | $ | 979 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,800 | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator (Thousands of shares) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | 496,691 | 514,770 | 501,266 | 518,418 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares earned and issuable under compensation plans | 495 | 399 | 477 | 384 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares used in basic earnings per share | 497,186 | 515,169 | 501,743 | 518,802 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options and awards | 3,965 | 4,910 | 4,269 | 4,860 | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares used in diluted earnings per share | 501,151 | 520,079 | 506,012 | 523,662 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.90 | $ | 5.62 | $ | 5.39 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | — | $ | — | $ | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.56 | $ | 1.90 | $ | 5.62 | $ | 5.40 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.34 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations | — | — | $ | — | $ | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.35 | |||||||||||||||
There were no antidilutive shares for any period presented.
17
8. Retirement Programs
The components of net pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions (“OPEB”) costs for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are shown below:
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amount recognized in Operating Profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service cost | $ | 31 | $ | 39 | $ | 96 | $ | 118 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount recognized in Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest cost | 49 | 41 | 153 | 118 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (126) | (129) | (394) | (391) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net amortization and deferral | 18 | 39 | 56 | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement charge (a) | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (53) | (45) | (179) | (143) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost (benefit) | $ | (22) | $ | (6) | $ | (83) | $ | (25) | |||||||||||||||
(a) In the third quarters of 2022 and 2021, Linde recorded pension settlement charges of $6 million and $4 million ($5 million and $3 million, after tax), respectively, related to lump sum benefit payments made from a U.S. non-qualified plan.
Components of net periodic benefit expense for other post-retirement plans for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were not material.
Linde estimates that 2022 required contributions to its pension plans will be approximately $50 million, of which $44 million have been made through September 30, 2022.
9. Commitments and Contingencies
Contingent Liabilities
Linde is subject to various lawsuits and government investigations that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. These actions are based upon alleged environmental, tax, antitrust and personal injury claims, among others. Linde has strong defenses in these cases and intends to defend itself vigorously. It is possible that the company may incur losses in connection with some of these actions in excess of accrued liabilities. Management does not anticipate that in the aggregate such losses would have a material adverse effect on the company’s consolidated financial position or liquidity; however, it is possible that the final outcomes could have a significant impact on the company’s reported results of operations in any given period (see Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements of Linde's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
Significant matters are:
•During 2009, the Brazilian government published Law 11941/2009 instituting a new voluntary amnesty program (“Refis Program”) which allowed Brazilian companies to settle certain federal tax disputes at reduced amounts. During 2009, the company decided that it was economically beneficial to settle many of its outstanding federal tax disputes and such disputes were enrolled in the Refis Program, subject to final calculation and review by the Brazilian federal government. The company recorded estimated liabilities based on the terms of the Refis Program. Since 2009, Linde has been unable to reach final agreement on the calculations and initiated litigation against the government in an attempt to resolve certain items. Open issues relate to the following matters: (i) application of cash deposits and net operating loss carryforwards to satisfy obligations and (ii) the amount of tax reductions available under the Refis Program. It is difficult to estimate the timing of resolution of legal matters in Brazil.
•At September 30, 2022 the most significant non-income and income tax claims in Brazil, after enrollment in the Refis Program, relate to state VAT tax matters and a federal income tax matter where the taxing authorities are challenging the tax rate that should be applied to income generated by a subsidiary company. The total estimated exposure relating to such claims, including interest and penalties, as appropriate, is approximately $215 million. Linde has not recorded any liabilities related to such claims based on management judgments, after considering judgments and opinions of outside counsel. Because litigation in Brazil historically takes many years to resolve, it is very difficult to estimate the
18
timing of resolution of these matters; however, it is possible that certain of these matters may be resolved within the near term. The company is vigorously defending against the proceedings.
•On September 1, 2010, CADE (Brazilian Administrative Council for Economic Defense) announced alleged anticompetitive activity on the part of five industrial gas companies in Brazil and imposed fines. Originally, CADE imposed a civil fine of $2.2 billion Brazilian reais ($407 million) on White Martins, the Brazil-based subsidiary of Linde Inc. The fine was reduced to $1.7 billion Brazilian reais ($314 million) due to a calculation error made by CADE. The fine against White Martins was overturned by the Ninth Federal Court of Brasilia. CADE appealed this decision, and the Federal Court of Appeals rejected CADE's appeal and confirmed the decision of the Ninth Federal Court of Brasilia. CADE has filed an appeal with the Superior Court of Justice and a decision is pending.
Similarly, on September 1, 2010, CADE imposed a civil fine of $237 million Brazilian reais ($44 million) on Linde Gases Ltda., the former Brazil-based subsidiary of Linde AG, which was divested to MG Industries GmbH on March 1, 2019 and with respect to which Linde provided a contractual indemnity. The fine was reduced to $188 million Brazilian reais ($35 million) due to a calculation error made by CADE. The fine against Linde Gases Ltda. was overturned by the Seventh Federal Court in Brasilia. CADE appealed this decision, and the Federal Court of Appeals rejected CADE's appeal and confirmed the decision of the Seventh Federal Court of Brasilia. CADE filed an appeal with the Superior Court of Justice which was denied. In parallel, CADE filed (i) an appeal with the Supreme Court of Justice, which was denied, and (ii) a subsequent appeal to a panel of the Supreme Court of Justice where a final decision is pending.
Linde has strong defenses and is confident that it will prevail on appeal and have the fines overturned. Linde strongly believes that the allegations of anticompetitive activity against our current and former Brazilian subsidiaries are not supported by valid and sufficient evidence. Linde believes that this decision will not stand up to judicial review and deems the possibility of cash outflows to be extremely unlikely. As a result, no reserves have been recorded as management does not believe that a loss from this case is probable.
•On and after April 23, 2019 former shareholders of Linde AG filed appraisal proceedings at the District Court (Landgericht) Munich I (Germany), seeking an increase of the cash consideration paid in connection with the previously completed cash merger squeeze-out of all of Linde AG’s minority shareholders for €189.46 per share. Any such increase would apply to all 14,763,113 Linde AG shares that were outstanding on April 8, 2019, when the cash merger squeeze-out was completed. The period for plaintiffs to file claims expired on July 9, 2019. The company believes the consideration paid was fair and that the claims lack merit, and no reserve has been established. We cannot estimate the timing of resolution.
10. Segments
For a description of Linde plc's operating segments, refer to Note 18 to the consolidated financial statements on Linde plc's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The table below presents sales and operating profit information about reportable segments and Other for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
SALES(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 3,694 | $ | 3,091 | $ | 10,453 | $ | 8,951 | |||||||||||||||
| EMEA | 2,125 | 1,911 | 6,417 | 5,585 | |||||||||||||||||||
| APAC | 1,660 | 1,564 | 4,913 | 4,544 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Engineering | 828 | 601 | 2,200 | 1,921 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 490 | 501 | 1,482 | 1,494 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | |||||||||||||||
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| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| SEGMENT OPERATING PROFIT | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 974 | $ | 859 | $ | 2,788 | $ | 2,525 | |||||||||||||||
| EMEA | 465 | 476 | 1,504 | 1,414 | |||||||||||||||||||
| APAC | 429 | 382 | 1,254 | 1,122 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Engineering | 150 | 106 | 398 | 323 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (8) | (13) | (41) | (49) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment operating profit | 2,010 | 1,810 | 5,903 | 5,335 | |||||||||||||||||||
Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges (Note 2) | (15) | (26) | (1,004) | (222) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG | (382) | (492) | (1,217) | (1,466) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating profit | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,292 | $ | 3,682 | $ | 3,647 | |||||||||||||||
(a)Sales reflect external sales only. Intersegment sales, primarily from Engineering to the industrial gases segments, were $251 million and $728 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and $243 million and $666 million for the respective 2021 periods.
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11. Equity
Equity
A summary of the changes in total equity for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is provided below:
| Quarter Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Activity | Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 39,674 | $ | 1,353 | $ | 41,027 | $ | 45,777 | $ | 1,438 | $ | 47,215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (a) | 1,273 | 27 | 1,300 | 979 | 31 | 1,010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | (1,628) | (40) | (1,668) | (710) | (13) | (723) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions (reductions) | — | (7) | (7) | — | (15) | (15) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends and other capital changes | — | (35) | (35) | — | (40) | (40) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends to Linde plc ordinary share holders ($1.17 per share in 2022 and $1.06 per share in 2021) | (581) | — | (581) | (546) | — | (546) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of ordinary shares: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For employee savings and incentive plans | 7 | — | 7 | (1) | — | (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of ordinary shares | (1,144) | — | (1,144) | (1,208) | — | (1,208) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 27 | — | 27 | 32 | — | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 37,628 | $ | 1,298 | $ | 38,926 | $ | 44,323 | $ | 1,401 | $ | 45,724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Activity | Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | Linde plc Shareholders’ Equity | Noncontrolling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 44,035 | $ | 1,393 | $ | 45,428 | $ | 47,317 | $ | 2,252 | $ | 49,569 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (a) | 2,819 | 101 | 2,920 | 2,800 | 105 | 2,905 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | (3,046) | (69) | (3,115) | (928) | (10) | (938) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions (reductions) (b) | — | (56) | (56) | — | (861) | (861) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends and other capital changes | — | (71) | (71) | — | (85) | (85) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends to Linde plc ordinary share holders ($3.51 per share in 2022 and $3.18 per share in 2021) | (1,758) | — | (1,758) | (1,648) | — | (1,648) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuances of ordinary shares: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For employee savings and incentive plans | (32) | — | (32) | (12) | — | (12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of ordinary shares | (4,468) | — | (4,468) | (3,301) | — | (3,301) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 78 | — | 78 | 95 | — | 95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 37,628 | $ | 1,298 | $ | 38,926 | $ | 44,323 | $ | 1,401 | $ | 45,724 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Net income for noncontrolling interests excludes net income related to redeemable noncontrolling interests which is not significant for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and which is not part of total equity.
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(b) Additions (reductions) for noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes the impact of deconsolidating the company's Russian gas and engineering business entities (refer to Note 2). Additions (reductions) for noncontrolling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes the impact from the deconsolidation of a joint venture with operations in APAC.
The components of AOCI are as follows:
| September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Cumulative translation adjustment - net of taxes: | |||||||||||
| Americas | $ | (4,087) | $ | (3,985) | |||||||
| EMEA | (2,625) | 94 | |||||||||
| APAC | (1,514) | 154 | |||||||||
| Engineering | (626) | 24 | |||||||||
| Other | 1,534 | (280) | |||||||||
| (7,318) | (3,993) | ||||||||||
| Derivatives - net of taxes | 151 | 75 | |||||||||
Pension / OPEB (net of $258 million and $305 million tax benefit in September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) | (927) | (1,130) | |||||||||
| $ | (8,094) | $ | (5,048) | ||||||||
12. Revenue Recognition
Revenue is accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. Revenue is recognized as control of goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for the goods or services.
Contracts with Customers
Linde serves a diverse group of industries including healthcare, chemicals and energy, manufacturing, metals and mining, food and beverage, and electronics.
Industrial Gases
Within each of the company’s geographic segments for industrial gases, there are three basic distribution methods: (i) on-site or tonnage; (ii) merchant or bulk liquid; and (iii) packaged or cylinder gases. The distribution method used by Linde to supply a customer is determined by many factors, including the customer’s volume requirements and location. The distribution method generally determines the contract terms with the customer and, accordingly, the revenue recognition accounting practices. Linde's primary products in its industrial gases business are atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, rare gases) and process gases (carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, electronic gases, specialty gases, acetylene). These products are generally sold through one of the three distribution methods.
Following is a description of each of the three industrial gases distribution methods and the respective revenue recognition policies:
On-site. Customers that require the largest volumes of product and that have a relatively constant demand pattern are supplied by cryogenic and process gas on-site plants. Linde constructs plants on or adjacent to these customers’ sites and supplies the product directly to customers by pipeline. Where there are large concentrations of customers, a single pipeline may be connected to several plants and customers. On-site product supply contracts generally are total requirement contracts with terms typically ranging from 10-20 years and contain minimum purchase requirements and price escalation provisions. Many of the cryogenic on-site plants also produce liquid products for the merchant market. Therefore, plants are typically not dedicated to a single customer. Additionally, Linde is responsible for the design, construction, operations and maintenance of the plants and our customers typically have no involvement in these activities. Advanced air separation processes also allow on-site delivery to customers with smaller volume requirements.
The company’s performance obligations related to on-site customers are satisfied over time as customers receive and obtain control of the product. Linde has elected to apply the practical expedient for measuring progress towards the completion of a performance obligation and recognizes revenue as the company has the right to invoice each customer, which generally corresponds with product delivery. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when product is delivered to the customer and the company has the right to invoice the customer in accordance with the contract terms. Consideration in these contracts is generally based on pricing which fluctuates with various price indices. Variable components of consideration exist within on-site contracts but are considered constrained.
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Merchant. Merchant deliveries generally are made from Linde's plants by tanker trucks to storage containers at the customer's site. Due to the relatively high distribution cost, merchant oxygen and nitrogen generally have a relatively small distribution radius from the plants at which they are produced. Merchant argon, hydrogen and helium can be shipped much longer distances. The customer agreements used in the merchant business are usually -to seven-year supply agreements based on the requirements of the customer. These contracts generally do not contain minimum purchase requirements or volume commitments.
The company’s performance obligations related to merchant customers are generally satisfied at a point in time as the customers receive and obtain control of the product. Revenue is recognized when product is delivered to the customer and the company has the right to invoice the customer in accordance with the contract terms. Any variable components of consideration within merchant contracts are constrained; however, this consideration is not significant.
Packaged Gases. Customers requiring small volumes are supplied products in containers called cylinders, under medium to high pressure. Linde distributes merchant gases from its production plants to company-owned cylinder filling plants where cylinders are then filled for distribution to customers. Cylinders may be delivered to the customer’s site or picked up by the customer at a packaging facility or retail store. Linde invoices the customer for the industrial gases and the use of the cylinder container(s). The company also sells hardgoods and welding equipment purchased from independent manufacturers. Packaged gases are generally sold under to three-year supply contracts and purchase orders and do not contain minimum purchase requirements or volume commitments.
The company’s performance obligations related to packaged gases are satisfied at a point in time. Accordingly, revenue is recognized when product is delivered to the customer or when the customer picks up product from a packaged gas facility or retail store and the company has the right to payment from the customer in accordance with the contract terms. Any variable consideration is constrained and will be recognized when the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved.
Linde Engineering
The company designs and manufactures equipment for air separation and other industrial gas applications manufactured specifically for end customers. Sale of equipment contracts are generally comprised of a single performance obligation. Revenue from sale of equipment is generally recognized over time as Linde has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date and performance does not create an asset with alternative use. For contracts recognized over time, revenue is recognized primarily using a cost incurred input method. Costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion are used to measure progress toward satisfying performance obligations. Costs incurred include material, labor, and overhead costs and represent work contributing and proportionate to the transfer of control to the customer. Changes to cost estimates and contract modifications are typically accounted for as part of the existing contract and are recognized as a cumulative adjustments for the inception-to-date effect of such change.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets and liabilities result from differences in timing of revenue recognition and customer invoicing. Contract assets primarily relate to sale of equipment contracts for which revenue is recognized over time. The balance represents unbilled revenue which occurs when revenue recognized under the measure of progress exceeds amounts invoiced to customers. Customer invoices may be based on the passage of time, the achievement of certain contractual milestones or a combination of both criteria. Contract liabilities include advance payments or right to consideration prior to performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as performance obligations are satisfied under contract terms. Linde has contract assets of $104 million and $134 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Total contract liabilities are $3,799 million at September 30, 2022 (current of $2,902 million and $897 million within other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets). As of September 30, 2022, Linde has approximately $1.8 billion recorded in contract liabilities related to engineering projects subject to sanctions in Russia. Total contract liabilities were $3,699 million at December 31, 2021 (current contract liabilities of $2,940 million and $759 million in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets). Revenue recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 that was included in the contract liability at December 31, 2021 was $1,085 million. Contract assets and liabilities primarily relate to the Linde Engineering business.
Payment Terms and Other
Linde generally receives payment after performance obligations are satisfied, and customer prepayments are not typical for the industrial gases business. Payment terms vary based on the country where sales originate and local customary payment practices. Linde does not offer extended financing outside of customary payment terms. Amounts billed for sales and use taxes, value-added taxes, and certain excise and other specific transactional taxes imposed on revenue producing transactions are presented on a net basis and are not included in sales within the consolidated statements of income. Additionally, sales returns and allowances are not a normal practice in the industry and are not significant.
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Disaggregated Revenue Information
As described above and in Note 18 to Linde plc's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the company manages its industrial gases business on a geographic basis, while the Engineering and Other businesses are generally managed on a global basis. Furthermore, the company believes that reporting sales by distribution method by reportable geographic segment best illustrates the nature, timing, type of customer, and contract terms for its revenues, including terms and pricing.
The following tables show sales by distribution method at the consolidated level and for each reportable segment and Other for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.
| (Millions of dollars) | Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | Americas | EMEA | APAC | Engineering | Other | Total | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | $ | 986 | $ | 620 | $ | 593 | $ | — | $ | 43 | $ | 2,242 | 25 | % | |||||||||
| On-Site | 1,178 | 651 | 605 | — | — | 2,434 | 28 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Packaged Gas | 1,478 | 841 | 403 | — | 21 | 2,743 | 31 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 52 | 13 | 59 | 828 | 426 | 1,378 | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,694 | $ | 2,125 | $ | 1,660 | $ | 828 | $ | 490 | $ | 8,797 | 100 | % | |||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | Quarter Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | Americas | EMEA | APAC | Engineering | Other | Total | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | $ | 849 | $ | 559 | $ | 563 | $ | — | $ | 38 | $ | 2,009 | 26 | % | |||||||||
| On-Site | 836 | 462 | 578 | — | — | 1,876 | 24 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Packaged Gas | 1,385 | 880 | 394 | — | 7 | 2,666 | 35 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 21 | 10 | 29 | 601 | 456 | 1,117 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,091 | $ | 1,911 | $ | 1,564 | $ | 601 | $ | 501 | $ | 7,668 | 100 | % | |||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | Americas | EMEA | APAC | Engineering | Other | Total | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | $ | 2,801 | $ | 1,868 | $ | 1,671 | $ | — | $ | 122 | $ | 6,462 | 25 | % | |||||||||
| On-Site | 3,110 | 1,892 | 1,891 | — | — | 6,893 | 27 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Packaged Gas | 4,383 | 2,616 | 1,153 | — | 37 | 8,189 | 32 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 159 | 41 | 198 | 2,200 | 1,323 | 3,921 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 10,453 | $ | 6,417 | $ | 4,913 | $ | 2,200 | $ | 1,482 | $ | 25,465 | 100 | % | |||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | Americas | EMEA | APAC | Engineering | Other | Total | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Merchant | $ | 2,441 | $ | 1,646 | $ | 1,598 | $ | — | $ | 133 | $ | 5,818 | 26 | % | |||||||||
| On-Site | 2,299 | 1,250 | 1,712 | — | — | 5,261 | 23 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Packaged Gas | 4,086 | 2,652 | 1,147 | — | 19 | 7,904 | 35 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 125 | 37 | 87 | 1,921 | 1,342 | 3,512 | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,951 | $ | 5,585 | $ | 4,544 | $ | 1,921 | $ | 1,494 | $ | 22,495 | 100 | % | |||||||||
Remaining Performance Obligations
As described above, Linde's contracts with on-site customers are under long-term supply arrangements which generally require the customer to purchase their requirements from Linde and also have minimum purchase requirements. Additionally, plant sales from the Linde Engineering business are primarily contracted on a fixed price basis. The company estimates the consideration related to future minimum purchase requirements and plant sales was approximately $52 billion (excludes Russian projects which are impacted by sanctions, refer to Note 2). This amount excludes all on-site sales above minimum purchase requirements, which can be significant depending on customer needs. In the future, actual amounts will be different due to impacts from several factors, many of which are beyond the company’s control including, but not limited to, timing of newly signed, terminated and renewed contracts, inflationary price escalations, currency exchange rates, and pass-through costs
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related to natural gas and electricity. The actual duration of long-term supply contracts ranges up to twenty years. The company estimates that approximately half of the revenue related to minimum purchase requirements will be earned in the next five years and the remaining thereafter.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A")
Non-GAAP Measures
Throughout MD&A, the company provides adjusted operating results from continuing operations exclusive of certain items such as cost reduction programs as well as Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, net gains or losses on sale of businesses, purchase accounting impacts of the Linde AG merger and pension settlement charges. Adjusted amounts are non-GAAP measures which are intended to supplement investors’ understanding of the company’s financial information by providing measures which investors, financial analysts and management find useful in evaluating the company’s operating performance. Items which the company does not believe to be indicative of on-going business performance are excluded from these calculations so that investors can better evaluate and analyze historical and future business trends on a consistent basis. In addition, operating results from continuing operations, excluding these items, is important to management's development of annual and long-term employee incentive compensation plans. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar definitions used by other companies and are not a substitute for similar GAAP measures.
The non-GAAP measures and reconciliations are separately included in a later section in the MD&A titled "Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations."
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Consolidated Results
The following table provides summary information for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The reported amounts are GAAP amounts from the Consolidated Statements of Income. The adjusted amounts are intended to supplement investors' understanding of the company's financial information and are not a substitute for GAAP measures:
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars, except per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | 15 | % | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | 13 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization | $ | 5,285 | $ | 4,368 | 21 | % | $ | 15,023 | $ | 12,616 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 60.1 | % | 57.0 | % | 59.0 | % | 56.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 770 | $ | 793 | (3) | % | $ | 2,343 | $ | 2,402 | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 8.8 | % | 10.3 | % | 9.2 | % | 10.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,045 | $ | 1,163 | (10) | % | $ | 3,248 | $ | 3,500 | (7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges (b) | $ | 15 | $ | 26 | — | % | $ | 1,004 | $ | 222 | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense) - net | $ | (34) | $ | 10 | — | % | $ | (58) | $ | (3) | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,292 | 25 | % | $ | 3,682 | $ | 3,647 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 18.3 | % | 16.8 | % | 14.5 | % | 16.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense - net | $ | 18 | $ | 8 | 125 | % | $ | 32 | $ | 46 | (30) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | $ | (53) | $ | (45) | 18 | % | $ | (179) | $ | (143) | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 23.7 | % | 24.2 | % | 27.3 | % | 24.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from equity investments | $ | 43 | $ | 1 | — | % | $ | 137 | $ | 81 | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | $ | (27) | $ | (31) | (13) | % | $ | (101) | $ | (105) | (4) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,273 | $ | 978 | 30 | % | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,797 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | 35 | % | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.34 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted shares outstanding | 501,151 | 520,079 | (4) | % | 506,012 | 523,662 | (3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of employees | 65,293 | 72,159 | (10) | % | 65,293 | 72,159 | (10) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Amounts (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 2,010 | $ | 1,810 | 11 | % | $ | 5,903 | $ | 5,335 | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 22.8 | % | 23.6 | % | 23.2 | % | 23.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 25.0 | % | 23.9 | % | 24.6 | % | 24.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,555 | $ | 1,421 | 9 | % | $ | 4,621 | $ | 4,148 | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations | $ | 3.10 | $ | 2.73 | 14 | % | $ | 9.13 | $ | 7.92 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Financial Data (a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 2,701 | $ | 2,456 | 10 | % | $ | 7,067 | $ | 7,228 | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As percent of sales | 30.7 | % | 32.0 | % | 27.8 | % | 32.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 2,739 | $ | 2,559 | 7 | % | $ | 8,148 | $ | 7,582 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As percent of sales | 31.1 | % | 33.4 | % | 32.0 | % | 33.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Adjusted Amounts and Other Financial Data are non-GAAP performance measures. A reconciliation of reported amounts to adjusted amounts can be found in the "Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations" section of this MD&A.
(b) See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Reported
In the third quarter of 2022, Linde's sales were $8,797 million, 15% above prior year, primarily driven by 8% price attainment and 3% higher volumes. Cost pass-through, representing the contractual billing of energy cost variances primarily to onsite customers, increased sales by 8% in the quarter, with minimal impact on operating profit. Engineering increased sales by 4% in the quarter. Currency translation decreased sales by 7% in the quarter. Divestitures, net of acquisitions, decreased sales by 1%, primarily in EMEA, in the third quarter of 2022 as compared to 2021.
Reported operating profit for the third quarter of 2022 of $1,613 million, or 18.3% of sales, was 25% above prior year. The reported year-over-year increase was primarily due to higher pricing, volumes, productivity initiatives and lower depreciation and amortization driven by merger related intangible assets. The reported effective tax rate ("ETR") was 23.7% in the third quarter 2022 versus 24.2% in the third quarter 2021. Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations ("EPS") was $2.54,
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or 35% above EPS of $1.88 in the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to higher income from continuing operations and lower diluted shares outstanding.
Adjusted
In the third quarter of 2022, adjusted operating profit of $2,010 million, or 22.8% of sales, was 11% higher as compared to 2021, driven by higher pricing, volumes and productivity initiatives, partially offset by inflation. The adjusted ETR was 25.0% in the third quarter 2022 versus 23.9% in the 2021 quarter, primarily due to lower tax benefits from share option exercises. On an adjusted basis, EPS was $3.10, 14% above the 2021 adjusted EPS of $2.73, driven by higher adjusted income from continuing operations and lower diluted shares outstanding.
Outlook
Linde provides quarterly updates on operating results, material trends that may affect financial performance, and financial guidance via quarterly earnings releases and investor teleconferences. These updates are available on the company’s website, www.linde.com, but are not incorporated herein.
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Results of operations
The changes in consolidated sales compared to the prior year are attributable to the following:
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume | 3 | % | 2 | % | |||||||
| Price/Mix | 8 | % | 7 | % | |||||||
| Cost pass-through | 8 | % | 7 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (7) | % | (5) | % | |||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures | (1) | % | — | % | |||||||
| Engineering | 4 | % | 2 | % | |||||||
| 15 | % | 13 | % | ||||||||
Sales
Sales increased $1,129 million, or 15%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $2,970 million, or 13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. Volume growth in all end markets, except healthcare, and project startups increased sales by 3% in the quarter and 2% in the year-to-date period. Higher pricing across all geographic segments contributed 8% to sales in the quarter and 7% in the year-to-date period. Cost pass-through increased sales by 8% in the quarter and 7% in the year-to-date period with minimal impact on operating profit. Currency translation decreased sales by 7% in the quarter and 5% in the year-to-date period, largely in EMEA, APAC and Engineering, driven by the weakening of the Euro, Chinese yuan, British pound and Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar. The impact of divestitures decreased sales by 1% in the quarter. Engineering increased sales by 4% in the quarter and 2% in the year-to-date period.
Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization increased $917 million, or 21%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $2,407 million, or 19% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to inflation and higher volumes, partially offset by productivity gains and currency effects. Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization was 60.1% and 59.0% of sales, respectively, for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus 57.0% and 56.1% of sales for the respective 2021 periods. The increase as a percentage of sales for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due primarily to higher cost pass-through to customers.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") decreased $23 million, or 3%, for the third quarter of 2022 and decreased $59 million, or 2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. SG&A was 8.8% of third quarter sales and 9.2% of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus 10.3% and 10.7% for the respective 2021 periods. Currency impacts decreased SG&A by approximately $42 million and $92 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Excluding currency impacts, underlying SG&A increased in the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to higher costs.
Depreciation and amortization
Reported depreciation and amortization expense decreased $118 million, or 10%, for the third quarter of 2022 and decreased $252 million, or 7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease is related primarily to lower depreciation and amortization of intangible assets acquired in the merger and currency impacts.
On an adjusted basis, depreciation and amortization decreased $26 million, for the third quarter of 2022 and decreased $22 million, for the year-to-date period. Currency impacts decreased depreciation and amortization by $41 million and $86 million, for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Excluding currency, underlying depreciation and amortization increased including new project start ups.
Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges
Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges were $15 million and $1,004 million for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The charge recorded in the third quarter of 2022 is primarily driven by the sale of the GIST business. The charge for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 relates primarily to the deconsolidation and impairment of Russian subsidiaries resulting from the ongoing war in Ukraine and related sanctions recorded as of June 30, 2022. 2021 charges of $26 million and $222 million, for the quarter and year-to-date periods respectively, relate to cost reduction program and other charges, primarily severance (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
29
On an adjusted basis, these benefits and costs have been excluded in both periods.
Operating profit
On a reported basis, operating profit increased $321 million, or 25%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $35 million, or 1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase for the quarter and year-to-date periods was primarily due to higher pricing, volumes, savings from productivity initiatives, and lower depreciation and amortization driven by merger related intangible assets. These increases more than offset the adverse impacts of inflation and currency in the quarter and year-to-date periods as well as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges recorded during the second quarter of 2022.
On an adjusted basis, which excludes the impacts of purchase accounting as well as Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, operating profit increased $200 million, or 11% in the 2022 quarter and increased $568 million, or 11%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Operating profit growth was driven by higher pricing, volumes and productivity initiatives, which more than offset the effects of inflation and currency during the periods. A discussion of operating profit by segment is included in the segment discussion that follows.
Interest expense - net
Reported interest expense - net increased $10 million for the third quarter of 2022 and decreased $14 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, interest expense increased $8 million for the third quarter of 2022 and decreased $30 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. The increase in the quarter-to-date period is driven primarily by higher borrowing costs on short-term debt and unfavorable foreign currency revaluation on unhedged intercompany exposures in the current year. In the year-to-date period, interest expense - net decreased as higher interest income on cash deposits more than offset these impacts.
Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost
Reported net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost was a benefit of $53 million and $179 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, versus a benefit of $45 million and $143 million for the respective 2021 periods. The increase in benefit primarily relates to lower amortization of deferred losses, partially offset by higher interest cost reflective of the higher discount rate environment year-over-year.
Effective tax rate
The reported effective tax rate ("ETR") for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 23.7% and 27.3%, respectively, versus 24.2% and 24.7% for the respective 2021 periods. The decrease in the quarter rate is primarily related to a deferred tax benefit resulting from the divestiture of the GIST business, partially offset by lower tax benefits from share based compensation. The increase in the year-to-date rate is primarily related to the net tax expense resulting from the deconsolidation and impairment of the company’s business in Russia, partially offset by the reversal of a related deferred tax liability. For the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the ETR included net tax charges of $38 million primarily related to $81 million of expense due to a tax rate increase in the United Kingdom, partially offset by a tax settlement benefit of $33 million (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
On an adjusted basis, the ETR for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 25.0% and 24.6%, respectively, versus 23.9% and 24.1% for the respective 2021 periods. The increase in both periods is primarily due to lower tax benefits from share option exercises.
Income from equity investments
Reported income from equity investments for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $43 million and $137 million, respectively, versus $1 million and $81 million for the respective 2021 periods. On an adjusted basis, income from equity investments for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $61 million and $194 million, respectively, versus $55 million and $173 million in the prior year respective periods.
On a reported basis, income from equity investments was higher in the third quarter of 2022 due primarily to a $35 million impairment charge taken in the third quarter of 2021 related to a joint venture in the APAC segment (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). On an adjusted basis, the increase year-over-year was primarily driven by the overall performance of investments in APAC.
Noncontrolling interests from continuing operations
At September 30, 2022, noncontrolling interests from continuing operations consisted primarily of non-controlling shareholders' investments in APAC (primarily China).
Reported noncontrolling interests from continuing operations decreased $4 million for both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods.
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Income from continuing operations
Reported income from continuing operations increased $295 million, or 30%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $22 million, or 1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. On an adjusted basis, which excludes the impacts of purchase accounting and Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, income from continuing operations increased $134 million, or 9%, for the quarter and increased $473 million, or 11%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. On both a reported and adjusted basis, the increase was driven by higher operating profit.
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations
Reported diluted earnings per share from continuing operations increased $0.66, or 35%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $0.23, or 4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the comparable 2021 periods. On an adjusted basis, diluted EPS increased $0.37, or 14%, for the third quarter of 2022 and increased $1.21, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. The increase on both a reported and adjusted basis is primarily due to higher income from continuing operations and lower diluted shares outstanding.
Employees
The number of employees at September 30, 2022 was 65,293, a decrease of 6,866 employees from September 30, 2021, driven primarily by the sale of the GIST business, cost reduction initiatives and the deconsolidation of Russian subsidiaries in the EMEA and Engineering segments.
Other Financial Data
EBITDA was $2,701 for the third quarter of 2022 as compared to $2,456 million in the respective 2021 period driven by higher income from continuing operations versus prior year. EBITDA was $7,067 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $7,228 million in the respective 2021 period driven by lower income from continuing operations due to the impact of Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges.
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations increased to $2,739 million for the third quarter 2022 from $2,559 million in the respective 2021 period. Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations increased to $8,148 million from $7,582 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the respective 2021 period. On both a quarter-to-date and year-to-date adjusted basis, higher EBITDA was primarily due to higher income from continuing operations versus the respective prior periods.
See the "Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations" section for definitions and reconciliations of these adjusted non-GAAP measures to reported GAAP amounts.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive losses for the third quarter of 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1,668 million and $3,115 million, respectively, resulting primarily from currency translation adjustments of $1,743 million and $3,394 million during the quarter and year-to-date periods, respectively. The translation adjustments reflect the impact of translating local currency foreign subsidiary financial statements to U.S. dollars, and are largely driven by the movement of the U.S. dollar against major currencies including the Euro, British pound and the Chinese yuan. See the "Currency" section of the MD&A for exchange rates used for translation purposes and Note 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a summary of the currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income by segment.
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Segment Discussion
The following summary of sales and operating profit by segment provides a basis for the discussion that follows. Linde plc evaluates the performance of its reportable segments based on operating profit, excluding items not indicative of ongoing business trends. The reported amounts are GAAP amounts from the Consolidated Statements of Income.
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | ||||||||||||||
| SALES | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 3,694 | $ | 3,091 | 20 | % | $ | 10,453 | $ | 8,951 | 17 | % | ||||||||
| EMEA | 2,125 | 1,911 | 11 | % | 6,417 | 5,585 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||
| APAC | 1,660 | 1,564 | 6 | % | 4,913 | 4,544 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Engineering | 828 | 601 | 38 | % | 2,200 | 1,921 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||
| Other | 490 | 501 | (2) | % | 1,482 | 1,494 | (1) | % | ||||||||||||
| Total sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | 15 | % | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | 13 | % | ||||||||
| SEGMENT OPERATING PROFIT | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 974 | $ | 859 | 13 | % | $ | 2,788 | $ | 2,525 | 10 | % | ||||||||
| EMEA | 465 | 476 | (2) | % | 1,504 | 1,414 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||
| APAC | 429 | 382 | 12 | % | 1,254 | 1,122 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
| Engineering | 150 | 106 | 42 | % | 398 | 323 | 23 | % | ||||||||||||
| Other | (8) | (13) | 38 | % | (41) | (49) | 16 | % | ||||||||||||
| Segment operating profit | $ | 2,010 | $ | 1,810 | 11 | % | $ | 5,903 | $ | 5,335 | 11 | % | ||||||||
| Reconciliation to reported operating profit: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges (Note 2) | (15) | (26) | (1,004) | (222) | ||||||||||||||||
| Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG | (382) | (492) | (1,217) | (1,466) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total operating profit | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,292 | $ | 3,682 | $ | 3,647 | ||||||||||||
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Americas
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 3,694 | $ | 3,091 | 20 | % | $ | 10,453 | $ | 8,951 | 17 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 974 | $ | 859 | 13 | % | $ | 2,788 | $ | 2,525 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 26.4 | % | 27.8 | % | 26.7 | % | 28.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume | 7 | % | 4 | % | |||||||
| Price/Mix | 6 | % | 5 | % | |||||||
| Cost pass-through | 8 | % | 8 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (1) | % | — | % | |||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures | — | % | — | % | |||||||
| 20 | % | 17 | % | ||||||||
The Americas segment includes Linde's industrial gases operations in approximately 20 countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Brazil.
Sales
Sales for the Americas segment increased $603 million, or 20%, in the third quarter and increased $1,502 million, or 17%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. Higher pricing contributed 6% to sales in the quarter and 5% in the year-to-date period. Higher volumes increased sales by 7% for the third quarter and increased 4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, driven by higher demand across all end markets except healthcare, led by chemicals and energy. Cost pass-through increased sales by 8% for the third quarter and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 with minimal impact on operating profit. Currency translation decreased sales by 1% for the third quarter and was not significant for the year-to-date period.
Operating profit
Operating profit in the Americas segment increased $115 million, or 13%, in the third quarter and increased $263 million, or 10%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods, driven primarily by higher pricing, volumes and continued productivity initiatives which more than offset inflation during the quarter and year-to-date period.
EMEA
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 2,125 | $ | 1,911 | 11 | % | $ | 6,417 | $ | 5,585 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 465 | $ | 476 | (2) | % | $ | 1,504 | $ | 1,414 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 21.9 | % | 24.9 | % | 23.4 | % | 25.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume | (3) | % | (2) | % | |||||||
| Price/Mix | 14 | % | 13 | % | |||||||
| Cost pass-through | 17 | % | 15 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (14) | % | (10) | % | |||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures | (3) | % | (1) | % | |||||||
| 11 | % | 15 | % | ||||||||
The EMEA segment includes Linde's industrial gases operations in approximately 45 European, Middle Eastern and African countries including Germany, France, Sweden, the Republic of South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
Sales
EMEA segment sales increased by $214 million, or 11%, in the third quarter and increased $832 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the respective 2021 periods driven by higher sales across all end-markets except healthcare. Cost pass-through contributed 17% to sales in the quarter and 15% in the year-to-date period, with minimal impact on operating profit, while higher price attainment increased sales by 14% in the quarter and 13% in the year-to-date period. Volumes decreased sales by 3% in the quarter and 2% in the year to date period. Currency translation decreased sales by 14% in the quarter and 10% in the year-to-date period, due largely to the weakening of the Euro and British pound against the U.S. Dollar. The impact of net divestitures decreased sales by 3% in the quarter and 1% in the year-to-date period, primarily due to the deconsolidation of Russian subsidiaries as of June 30, 2022.
Operating Profit
Operating profit for the EMEA segment decreased by $11 million, or 2%, in the third quarter and increased $90 million, or 6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the respective 2021 periods. The decrease in operating profit in the quarter was driven primarily by currency translation, lower volumes and divestitures, partially offset by higher pricing and continued productivity initiatives. The increase in the year-to-date period was driven largely by higher pricing and continued productivity initiatives which more than offset currency, inflation and divestitures.
APAC
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 1,660 | $ | 1,564 | 6 | % | $ | 4,913 | $ | 4,544 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 429 | $ | 382 | 12 | % | $ | 1,254 | $ | 1,122 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 25.8 | % | 24.4 | % | 25.5 | % | 24.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume/Equipment | 5 | % | 4 | % | |||||||
| Price/Mix | 7 | % | 5 | % | |||||||
| Cost pass-through | 2 | % | 4 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (8) | % | (5) | % | |||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures | — | % | — | % | |||||||
| 6 | % | 8 | % | ||||||||
The APAC segment includes Linde's industrial gases operations in approximately 20 Asian and South Pacific countries and regions including China, Australia, India, and South Korea.
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Sales
Sales for the APAC segment increased $96 million, or 6%, for the third quarter and increased $369 million, or 8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. Volumes increased 5% in the quarter and 4% in the year-to-date period including project start-ups in the electronics and chemicals and energy end markets. Higher pricing contributed 7% to sales in the quarter and 5% to sales in the year-to-date period. Cost pass-through contributed 2% to sales in the quarter and 4% in the year-to-date period with minimal impact on operating profit. Currency translation decreased sales by 8% in quarter and 5% in the year-to-date period driven primarily by the weakening of the Australian dollar, Korean won and Chinese Yuan against the U.S. Dollar.
Operating profit
Operating profit in the APAC segment increased $47 million, or 12%, in the third quarter and increased $132 million , or 12%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods driven by higher volumes and pricing and continued productivity initiatives which more than offset the impact of currency and inflation during the quarter and year-to-date period.
Engineering
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 828 | $ | 601 | 38 | % | $ | 2,200 | $ | 1,921 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit | $ | 150 | $ | 106 | 42 | % | $ | 398 | $ | 323 | 23 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | 18.1 | % | 17.6 | % | 18.1 | % | 16.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume | 50 | % | 24 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (12) | % | (9) | % | |||||||
| 38 | % | 15 | % | ||||||||
Sales
Engineering segment sales increased $227 million in the third quarter and increased $279 million, or 15%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the respective 2021 periods. The increase was driven by a $321 million project progress recognition partially offset by other project timing and negative currency translation.
Projects for Russia that were sanctioned and have been wound down represented approximately $123 million and $773 million of the Engineering segment sales during the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Operating profit
Engineering segment operating profit increased, $44 million in the third quarter and increased $75 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the respective 2021 periods driven by the aforementioned project partially offset by project timing and currency impacts.
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Other
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | 2022 | 2021 | Variance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 490 | $ | 501 | (2) | % | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,494 | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating profit (loss) | $ | (8) | $ | (13) | 38 | % | $ | (41) | $ | (49) | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| As a percent of sales | (1.6) | % | (2.6) | % | (2.8) | % | (3.3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quarter Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||
| % Change | % Change | ||||||||||
| Factors Contributing to Changes - Sales | |||||||||||
| Volume/price | 6 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
| Cost pass-through | — | % | 1 | % | |||||||
| Currency | (8) | % | (5) | % | |||||||
| Acquisitions/divestitures | — | % | — | % | |||||||
| (2) | % | (1) | % | ||||||||
Other consists of corporate costs and a few smaller businesses including Surface Technologies, GIST and global helium wholesale, which individually do not meet the quantitative thresholds for separate presentation.
Sales
Sales for Other decreased $11 million for the third quarter and decreased $12 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods. Currency translation decreased sales by 8% in the quarter and 5% in the year-to-date period. Underlying sales increased 6% in the quarter and 3% for the year-to-date period driven primarily by price and higher aviation and electronic sales in the coatings business. Cost pass-through increased sales by 1% in the year-to-date period.
Sales of the GIST business which was divested as of September 30, 2022 represented approximately $200 million and $630 million of Other sales during the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
Operating profit
Operating profit in Other increased $5 million, or 38% in the third quarter and increased $8 million, or 16%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus the respective 2021 periods, due primarily to lower corporate costs in the quarter, partially offset by higher sourcing costs in the global helium business.
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Currency
The results of Linde's non-U.S. operations are translated to the company’s reporting currency, the U.S. dollar, from the functional currencies. For most operations, Linde uses the local currency as its functional currency. There is inherent variability and unpredictability in the relationship of these functional currencies to the U.S. dollar and such currency movements may materially impact Linde's results of operations in any given period.
To help understand the reported results, the following is a summary of the significant currencies underlying Linde's consolidated results and the exchange rates used to translate the financial statements (rates of exchange expressed in units of local currency per U.S. dollar):
| Percentage of YTD 2022 Consolidated Sales | Exchange Rate for Income Statement | Exchange Rate for Balance Sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year-To-Date Average | September 30, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Euro | 21 | % | 0.94 | 0.84 | 1.02 | 0.88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese yuan | 8 | % | 6.59 | 6.47 | 7.12 | 6.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| British pound | 6 | % | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.90 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australian dollar | 4 | % | 1.41 | 1.32 | 1.56 | 1.38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazilian real | 4 | % | 5.12 | 5.33 | 5.41 | 5.58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canadian dollar | 3 | % | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.38 | 1.26 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Korean won | 3 | % | 1,265 | 1,131 | 1,432 | 1,189 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mexican peso | 2 | % | 20.25 | 20.13 | 20.14 | 20.53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Indian rupee | 2 | % | 77.34 | 73.57 | 81.35 | 74.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South African rand | 2 | % | 15.90 | 14.56 | 18.09 | 15.94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Swedish krona | 1 | % | 9.88 | 8.48 | 11.09 | 9.05 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thailand bhat | 1 | % | 34.54 | 31.48 | 37.85 | 33.40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Other Financial Data
The following selected cash flow information provides a basis for the discussion that follows:
| (Millions of dollars) | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR): | |||||||||||
| OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Net income (including noncontrolling interests) | $ | 2,920 | $ | 2,902 | |||||||
| Non-cash charges (credits): | |||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation and amortization | 3,248 | 3,500 | |||||||||
| Add: Deferred income taxes | (412) | (184) | |||||||||
| Add: Share-based compensation | 78 | 95 | |||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges, net of payments (a) | 909 | 83 | |||||||||
| Net income adjusted for non-cash charges | 6,743 | 6,396 | |||||||||
| Less: Working capital | (238) | 20 | |||||||||
| Less: Pension contributions | (44) | (32) | |||||||||
| Other | 308 | 108 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 6,769 | $ | 6,492 | |||||||
| INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (2,237) | (2,247) | |||||||||
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (110) | (31) | |||||||||
| Divestitures, net of cash divested and asset sales | 140 | 147 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | $ | (2,207) | $ | (2,131) | |||||||
| FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||
| Debt increase (decrease) - net | 2,795 | 1,808 | |||||||||
| Issuances (purchases) of common stock - net | (4,454) | (3,212) | |||||||||
| Cash dividends - Linde plc shareholders | (1,758) | (1,648) | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest transactions and other | (62) | (319) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | $ | (3,479) | $ | (3,371) | |||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | $ | (150) | $ | (44) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end-of-period | $ | 3,756 | $ | 4,700 | |||||||
(a) See Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Cash Flow from Operations
Cash provided by operations of $6,769 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $277 million, or 4%, versus 2021. The increase was driven primarily by higher net income adjusted for non-cash charges, partially offset by higher working capital requirements. Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges were $1,004 million and $222 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Related cash outflows were $95 million and $139 million for the same respective periods.
Linde estimates that total 2022 required contributions to its pension plans will be approximately $50 million, of which $44 million has been made through September 30, 2022.
As of September 30, 2022, Linde has approximately $1.8 billion recorded in contract liabilities within the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to engineering projects in Russia. Any obligation to satisfy the related residual contract liabilities may have an adverse effect on Linde’s cash flows.
38
Investing
Net cash used for investing of $2,207 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $76 million versus 2021, as higher acquisition and lower proceeds from divestitures, net of cash divested and asset sales more than offset lower capital expenditures.
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $2,237 million, $10 million lower than the prior year.
At September 30, 2022, Linde's sale of gas backlog of large projects under construction was approximately $3.7 billion. This represents the total estimated capital cost of large plants under construction.
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $110 million and $31 million, respectively, and related primarily to acquisitions in EMEA and the Americas. Divestitures, net of cash divested and asset sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $140 million and $147 million, respectively. Divestiture proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 include cash received from the sale of the company's GIST business of $184 million, net of cash divested of $75 million, for net proceeds of $109 million (see Note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements).
Financing
Cash used for financing activities was $3,479 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to cash used for financing activities of $3,371 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Cash provided by debt was $2,795 million versus $1,808 million in 2021 driven by higher commercial paper borrowings and debt issuances in 2022. In January 2022, Linde repaid €1.0 billion of 0.250% notes that became due. In March 2022, Linde issued €500 million of 1.000% notes due 2027, €750 million of 1.375% notes due 2031, and €800 million of 1.625% notes due 2035. In May 2022, Linde repaid $500 million of 2.20% notes due in August 2022.
Net purchases of ordinary shares were $4,454 million in 2022 versus $3,212 million in 2021. On February 28, 2022, the company’s Board of Directors approved the additional repurchase of $10.0 billion of its ordinary shares. For additional information related to the share repurchase programs, see Part II Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Cash dividends of $1,758 million increased $110 million from 2021 driven primarily by a 10% increase in quarterly dividends per share from $1.06 per share to $1.17 per share, partially offset by lower shares outstanding. Cash used for Noncontrolling interest transactions and other was $62 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 versus cash used of $319 million for the respective 2021 period due to the settlement of the buyout of minority interests in the Republic of South Africa in January of 2021.
The company continues to believe it has sufficient operating flexibility, cash, and funding sources to meet its business needs around the world. The company had $3.8 billion of cash as of September 30, 2022, and has a $5 billion unsecured and undrawn revolving credit agreement with no associated financial covenants. No borrowings were outstanding under the credit agreement as of September 30, 2022. The company does not anticipate any limitations on its ability to access the debt capital markets and/or other external funding sources and remains committed to its strong ratings from Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s.
Legal Proceedings
See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
39
NON-GAAP MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS
(Millions of dollars, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)
The following non-GAAP measures are intended to supplement investors’ understanding of the company’s financial information by providing measures which investors, financial analysts and management use to help evaluate the company’s operating performance and liquidity. Items which the company does not believe to be indicative of on-going business trends are excluded from these calculations so that investors can better evaluate and analyze historical and future business trends on a consistent basis. Definitions of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar definitions used by other companies and are not a substitute for similar GAAP measures.
| Quarter Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||
| Adjusted Operating Profit and Operating Margin | ||||||||||||||
| Reported operating profit | $ | 1,613 | $ | 1,292 | $ | 3,682 | $ | 3,647 | ||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 15 | 26 | 1,004 | 222 | ||||||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 382 | 492 | 1,217 | 1,466 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 397 | 518 | 2,221 | 1,688 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted operating profit | $ | 2,010 | $ | 1,810 | $ | 5,903 | $ | 5,335 | ||||||
| Reported percentage change | 25 | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Adjusted percentage change | 11 | % | 11 | % | ||||||||||
| Reported sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | ||||||
| Reported operating margin | 18.3 | % | 16.8 | % | 14.5 | % | 16.2 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted operating margin | 22.8 | % | 23.6 | % | 23.2 | % | 23.7 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||
| Reported depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,045 | $ | 1,163 | $ | 3,248 | $ | 3,500 | ||||||
| Less: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | (377) | (469) | (1,196) | (1,426) | ||||||||||
| Adjusted depreciation and amortization | $ | 668 | $ | 694 | $ | 2,052 | $ | 2,074 | ||||||
| Adjusted Other Income (Expense) - net | ||||||||||||||
| Reported Other Income (Expense) - net | $ | (34) | $ | 10 | $ | (58) | $ | (3) | ||||||
| Less: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | (5) | (23) | (21) | (40) | ||||||||||
| Adjusted Other Income (Expense) - net | $ | (29) | $ | 33 | $ | (37) | $ | 37 | ||||||
| Adjusted Net Pension and OPEB Cost (Benefit), Excluding Service Cost | ||||||||||||||
| Reported net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | $ | (53) | $ | (45) | $ | (179) | $ | (143) | ||||||
| Add: Pension settlement charges | (6) | (4) | (6) | (4) | ||||||||||
| Adjusted Net Pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service costs | $ | (59) | $ | (49) | $ | (185) | $ | (147) | ||||||
| Adjusted Interest Expense - Net | ||||||||||||||
| Reported interest expense - net | $ | 18 | $ | 8 | $ | 32 | $ | 46 | ||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 8 | 10 | 27 | 43 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted interest expense - net | $ | 26 | $ | 18 | $ | 59 | $ | 89 | ||||||
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| Adjusted Income Taxes (a) | ||||||||||||||
| Reported income taxes | $ | 391 | $ | 321 | $ | 1,046 | $ | 923 | ||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 92 | 115 | 308 | 349 | ||||||||||
| Add: Pension settlement charges | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 26 | 3 | 127 | 29 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 119 | 119 | 436 | 379 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted income taxes | $ | 510 | $ | 440 | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,302 | ||||||
| Adjusted Effective Tax Rate (a) | ||||||||||||||
| Reported income before income taxes and equity investments | $ | 1,648 | $ | 1,329 | $ | 3,829 | $ | 3,744 | ||||||
| Add: Pension settlement charge | 6 | 4 | 6 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 374 | 482 | 1,190 | 1,423 | ||||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 15 | 26 | 1,004 | 222 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 395 | 512 | 2,200 | 1,649 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted income before income taxes and equity investments | $ | 2,043 | $ | 1,841 | $ | 6,029 | $ | 5,393 | ||||||
| Reported Income taxes | $ | 391 | $ | 321 | $ | 1,046 | $ | 923 | ||||||
| Reported effective tax rate | 23.7 | % | 24.2 | % | 27.3 | % | 24.7 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted income taxes | $ | 510 | $ | 440 | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,302 | ||||||
| Adjusted effective tax rate | 25.0 | % | 23.9 | % | 24.6 | % | 24.1 | % | ||||||
| Income from Equity Investments | ||||||||||||||
| Reported income from equity investments | $ | 43 | $ | 1 | $ | 137 | $ | 81 | ||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 18 | 19 | 57 | 57 | ||||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges (d) | — | 35 | — | 35 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted income from equity investments | $ | 61 | $ | 55 | $ | 194 | $ | 173 | ||||||
| Adjusted Noncontrolling Interests from Continuing Operations | ||||||||||||||
| Reported noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | $ | (27) | $ | (31) | $ | (101) | $ | (105) | ||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | (12) | (4) | (19) | (11) | ||||||||||
| Adjusted noncontrolling interests from continuing operations | $ | (39) | $ | (35) | $ | (120) | $ | (116) | ||||||
| Adjusted Income from Continuing Operations (b) | ||||||||||||||
| Reported income from continuing operations | $ | 1,273 | $ | 978 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,797 | ||||||
| Add: Pension settlement charge | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | (11) | 58 | 877 | 228 | ||||||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 288 | 382 | 920 | 1,120 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 282 | 443 | 1,802 | 1,351 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted income from continuing operations | $ | 1,555 | $ | 1,421 | $ | 4,621 | $ | 4,148 | ||||||
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| Adjusted Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations (b) | ||||||||||||||
| Reported diluted EPS from continuing operations | $ | 2.54 | $ | 1.88 | $ | 5.57 | $ | 5.34 | ||||||
| Add: Pension settlement charge | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | (0.02) | 0.11 | 1.73 | 0.44 | ||||||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 0.57 | 0.73 | 1.82 | 2.13 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 0.56 | 0.85 | 3.56 | 2.58 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted diluted EPS from continuing operations | $ | 3.10 | $ | 2.73 | $ | 9.13 | $ | 7.92 | ||||||
| Reported percentage change | 35 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||
| Adjusted percentage change | 14 | % | 15 | % | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA and % of Sales | ||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,273 | $ | 978 | $ | 2,819 | $ | 2,797 | ||||||
| Add: Noncontrolling interests related to continuing operations | 27 | 31 | 101 | 105 | ||||||||||
| Add: Net pension and OPEB cost (benefit), excluding service cost | (53) | (45) | (179) | (143) | ||||||||||
| Add: Interest expense | 18 | 8 | 32 | 46 | ||||||||||
| Add: Income taxes | 391 | 321 | 1,046 | 923 | ||||||||||
| Add: Depreciation and amortization | 1,045 | 1,163 | 3,248 | 3,500 | ||||||||||
| EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 2,701 | $ | 2,456 | $ | 7,067 | $ | 7,228 | ||||||
| Add: Russia-Ukraine conflict and other charges | 15 | 61 | 1,004 | 257 | ||||||||||
| Add: Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG (c) | 23 | 42 | 77 | 97 | ||||||||||
| Total adjustments | 38 | 103 | 1,081 | 354 | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 2,739 | $ | 2,559 | $ | 8,148 | $ | 7,582 | ||||||
| Reported sales | $ | 8,797 | $ | 7,668 | $ | 25,465 | $ | 22,495 | ||||||
| % of sales | ||||||||||||||
| EBITDA from continuing operations | 30.7 | % | 32.0 | % | 27.8 | % | 32.1 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | 31.1 | % | 33.4 | % | 32.0 | % | 33.7 | % | ||||||
| (a) The income tax expense (benefit) on the non-GAAP pre-tax adjustments was determined using the applicable tax rates for the jurisdictions that were utilized in calculating the GAAP income tax expense (benefit) and included both current and deferred income tax amounts. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (b) Net of income taxes which are shown separately in “Adjusted Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate”. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(c) The company believes that its non-GAAP measures excluding Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG are useful to investors because: (i) the business combination was a merger of equals in an all-stock merger transaction, with no cash consideration, (ii) the company is managed on a geographic basis and the results of certain geographies are more heavily impacted by purchase accounting than others, causing results that are not comparable at the reportable segment level, therefore, the impacts of purchase accounting adjustments to each segment vary and are not comparable within the company and when compared to other companies in similar regions, (iii) business management is evaluated and variable compensation is determined based on results excluding purchase accounting impacts, and; (iv) it is important to investors and analysts to understand the purchase accounting impacts to the financial statements. A summary of each of the adjustments made for Purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG are as follows: Adjusted Operating Profit and Margin: The purchase accounting adjustments for the periods presented relate primarily to depreciation and amortization related to the fair value step up of fixed assets and intangible assets (primarily customer related) acquired in the merger and the allocation of fair value step-up for ongoing Linde AG asset disposals (reflected in Other Income/(Expense)). Adjusted Interest Expense - Net: Relates to the amortization of the fair value of debt acquired in the merger. Adjusted Income Taxes and Effective Tax Rate: Relates to the current and deferred income tax impact on the adjustments discussed above. The income tax expense (benefit) on the non-GAAP pre-tax adjustments was determined using the applicable tax rates for the jurisdictions that were utilized in calculating the GAAP income tax expense (benefit) and included both current and deferred income tax amounts. Adjusted Income from Equity Investments: Represents the amortization of increased fair value on equity investments related to depreciable and amortizable assets. Adjusted Noncontrolling Interests from Continuing Operations: Represents the noncontrolling interests’ ownership portion of the adjustments described above determined on an entity by entity basis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (d) Impairment charge related to a joint venture in the APAC segment. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42
Net Debt and Adjusted Net Debt
Net debt is a financial liquidity measure used by investors, financial analysts and management to evaluate the ability of a company to repay its debt. Purchase accounting impacts have been excluded as they are non-cash and do not have an impact on liquidity.
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Millions of dollars) | |||||||||||
| Debt | $ | 15,338 | $ | 14,207 | |||||||
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | (3,756) | (2,823) | |||||||||
| Net debt | 11,582 | 11,384 | |||||||||
| Less: purchase accounting impacts - Linde AG | (28) | (61) | |||||||||
| Adjusted net debt | $ | 11,554 | $ | 11,323 | |||||||
43
Supplemental Guarantee Information
On June 6, 2020, the company filed a Form S-3 Registration Statement with the SEC ("the Registration Statement").
Linde plc may offer debt securities, preferred shares, depositary shares and ordinary shares under the Registration Statement, and debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into preferred shares, ordinary shares or other debt securities. Debt securities of Linde plc may be guaranteed by Linde Inc and/or Linde GmbH. Linde plc may provide guarantees of debt securities offered by its wholly owned subsidiaries Linde Inc. or Linde Finance under the Registration Statement.
Linde Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Linde plc. Linde Inc. may offer debt securities under the Registration Statement. Debt securities of Linde Inc. will be guaranteed by Linde plc, and such guarantees by Linde plc may be guaranteed by Linde GmbH. Linde Inc. may also provide (i) guarantees of debt securities offered by Linde plc under the Registration Statement and (ii) guarantees of the guarantees provided by Linde plc of debt securities of Linde Finance offered under the Registration Statement.
Linde Finance B.V. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Linde plc. Linde Finance may offer debt securities under the Registration Statement. Linde plc will guarantee debt securities of Linde Finance offered under the Registration Statement. Linde GmbH and Linde Inc. may guarantee Linde plc’s obligations under its downstream guarantee.
Linde GmbH is a wholly owned subsidiary of Linde plc. Linde GmbH may provide (i) guarantees of debt securities offered by Linde plc under the Registration Statement and (ii) upstream guarantees of downstream guarantees provided by Linde plc of debt securities of Linde Inc. or Linde Finance offered under the Registration Statement.
In September 2019, Linde plc provided downstream guarantees of all of the pre-business combination Linde Inc. and Linde Finance notes, and Linde GmbH and Linde Inc., respectively, provided upstream guarantees of Linde plc’s downstream guarantees.
For further information about the guarantees of the debt securities registered under the Registration Statement (including the ranking of such guarantees, limitations on enforceability of such guarantees and the circumstances under which such guarantees may be released), see “Description of Debt Securities – Guarantees” and “Description of Debt Securities – Ranking” in the Registration Statement, which subsections are incorporated herein by reference.
The following tables present summarized financial information for Linde plc, Linde Inc., Linde GmbH and Linde Finance on a combined basis, after eliminating intercompany transactions and balances between them and excluding investments in and equity in earnings from non-guarantor subsidiaries.
44
| (Millions of dollars) | |||||||||||
| Statement of Income Data | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||
| Sales | $ | 6,650 | $ | 7,767 | |||||||
| Operating profit | 347 | 973 | |||||||||
| Net income | (26) | 721 | |||||||||
| Transactions with non-guarantor subsidiaries | 1,231 | 2,067 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data (at period end) | |||||||||||
| Current assets (a) | $ | 8,284 | $ | 5,826 | |||||||
| Long-term assets (b) | 13,123 | 15,928 | |||||||||
| Current liabilities (c) | 10,747 | 8,853 | |||||||||
| Long-term liabilities (d) | 44,508 | 42,860 | |||||||||
(a) From current assets above, amount due from non-guarantor subsidiaries | $ | 5,392 | $ | 4,209 | |||||||
| (b) From long-term assets above, amount due from non-guarantor subsidiaries | 1,719 | 3,257 | |||||||||
| (c) From current liabilities above, amount due to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 1,492 | 1,304 | |||||||||
| (d) From long-term liabilities above, amount due to non-guarantor subsidiaries | 30,868 | 28,142 | |||||||||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Refer to Item 7A. to Part II of Linde's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)Based on an evaluation of the effectiveness of Linde's disclosure controls and procedures, which was made under the supervision and with the participation of management, including Linde's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have each concluded that, as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this report, such disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by Linde in reports that it files under the Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to management including Linde's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b)There were no changes in Linde's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterly period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Linde's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Linde plc and Subsidiaries
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of current legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Through the quarterly period covered by this report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A to Part I of Linde's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities- Certain information regarding purchases made by or on behalf of the company or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) of its ordinary shares during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 is provided below:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (Thousands) | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Numbers of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (1,2) (Thousands) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program (1) (Millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
| July 2022 | 783 | $ | 278.82 | 783 | $ | 6,953 | |||||||||||||||||
| August 2022 | 1,462 | $ | 296.53 | 1,462 | $ | 6,520 | |||||||||||||||||
| September 2022 | 1,768 | $ | 278.56 | 1,768 | $ | 6,027 | |||||||||||||||||
| Third Quarter 2022 | 4,013 | $ | 285.16 | 4,013 | $ | 6,027 | |||||||||||||||||
(1) On February 28, 2022, the company's board of directors approved the repurchase of $10.0 billion of its ordinary shares ("2022 program") which could take place from time to time on the open market (and could include the use of 10b5-1 trading plans), subject to market and business conditions. The 2022 program has a maximum repurchase amount of 15% of outstanding shares, began on March 1, 2022 and expires on July 31, 2024.
As of September 30, 2022, the company repurchased $4.0 billion of its ordinary shares pursuant to the 2022 program. As of September 30, 2022, $6.0 billion of share repurchases remain authorized under the 2022 program.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| (a) | Exhibits | ||||||||||
| 31.01 | |||||||||||
| 31.02 | |||||||||||
| 32.01 | |||||||||||
| 32.02 | |||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document: The XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | ||||||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | ||||||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase | ||||||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase | ||||||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase | ||||||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase | ||||||||||
*Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
47
SIGNATURE
Linde plc and Subsidiaries
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Linde plc | |||||||||||
| (Registrant) | |||||||||||
Date: October 27, 2022 | By: /s/ Kelcey E. Hoyt | ||||||||||
| Kelcey E. Hoyt | |||||||||||
| Chief Accounting Officer | |||||||||||
48