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Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2015 June (Form 10-Q)


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________ 
Form 10-Q
____________________________________ 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                
Commission File Number 001-32601
____________________________________ 
LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________ 
Delaware
 
20-3247759
(State of Incorporation)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
9348 Civic Center Drive
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(310) 867-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
____________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    ¨  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
x
Accelerated filer
 
¨
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨  Yes    x  No
On August 4, 2015, there were 202,362,219 outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, including 938,389 shares of unvested restricted stock awards and excluding 408,024 shares held in treasury.
 


Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

 
 
Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 


Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS 
    
AOCI
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
AOI
Adjusted operating income (loss)
Company
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Live Nation
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries
SEC
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Ticketmaster
For periods prior to May 6, 2010, Ticketmaster means Ticketmaster Entertainment LLC and its predecessor companies (including without limitation Ticketmaster Entertainment, Inc.); for periods on and after May 6, 2010, Ticketmaster means the Ticketmaster ticketing business of the Company

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Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
 
 
(as adjusted)
 
(in thousands)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,525,819

 
$
1,382,029

Accounts receivable, less allowance of $18,671 and $17,489, respectively
524,227

 
419,301

Prepaid expenses
655,805

 
440,272

Other current assets
46,897

 
26,089

Total current assets
2,752,748

 
2,267,691

Property, plant and equipment
 
 
 
Land, buildings and improvements
816,708

 
808,116

Computer equipment and capitalized software
456,949

 
454,925

Furniture and other equipment
228,297

 
209,624

Construction in progress
107,751

 
78,111

 
1,609,705

 
1,550,776

Less accumulated depreciation
907,942

 
855,439

 
701,763

 
695,337

Intangible assets
 
 
 
Definite-lived intangible assets, net
785,086

 
682,713

Indefinite-lived intangible assets
369,522

 
369,480

Goodwill
1,619,123

 
1,479,037

Other long-term assets
485,274

 
474,103

Total assets
$
6,713,516

 
$
5,968,361

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable, client accounts
$
722,720

 
$
658,108

Accounts payable
86,087

 
74,151

Accrued expenses
635,490

 
675,880

Deferred revenue
1,201,446

 
543,122

Current portion of long-term debt, net
57,289

 
47,443

Other current liabilities
24,248

 
12,035

Total current liabilities
2,727,280

 
2,010,739

Long-term debt, net
1,973,173

 
1,995,957

Long-term deferred income taxes
194,607

 
196,759

Other long-term liabilities
128,346

 
112,204

Commitments and contingent liabilities


 


Redeemable noncontrolling interests
245,545

 
168,855

Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Common stock
2,016

 
2,004

Additional paid-in capital
2,430,002

 
2,414,428

Accumulated deficit
(1,085,826
)
 
(1,042,603
)
Cost of shares held in treasury
(6,865
)
 
(6,865
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(87,931
)
 
(70,010
)
Total Live Nation stockholders’ equity
1,251,396

 
1,296,954

Noncontrolling interests
193,169

 
186,893

Total equity
1,444,565

 
1,483,847

Total liabilities and equity
$
6,713,516

 
$
5,968,361


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands except share and per share data)
Revenue
$
1,765,777

 
$
1,665,785

 
$
2,886,089

 
$
2,793,101

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct operating expenses
1,279,099

 
1,184,696

 
2,000,388

 
1,915,847

Selling, general and administrative expenses
326,839

 
325,925

 
641,384

 
628,330

Depreciation and amortization
88,571

 
76,219

 
173,112

 
158,807

Gain on disposal of operating assets
(76
)
 
(3,787
)
 
(37
)
 
(3,281
)
Corporate expenses
26,342

 
25,717

 
50,702

 
46,891

Acquisition transaction expenses
2,757

 
1,329

 
2,230

 
3,129

Operating income
42,245

 
55,686

 
18,310

 
43,378

Interest expense
25,650

 
27,590

 
51,013

 
52,082

Interest income
(394
)
 
(1,146
)
 
(1,959
)
 
(1,812
)
Equity in losses (earnings) of nonconsolidated affiliates
367

 
(960
)
 
(2,613
)
 
(3,766
)
Other expense (income), net
(8,500
)
 
(330
)
 
12,528

 
(1,506
)
Income (loss) before income taxes
25,122

 
30,532

 
(40,659
)
 
(1,620
)
Income tax expense
4,910

 
4,710

 
5,655

 
2,655

Net income (loss)
20,212

 
25,822

 
(46,314
)
 
(4,275
)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
5,156

 
2,888

 
(3,091
)
 
5,239

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
15,056

 
$
22,934

 
$
(43,223
)
 
$
(9,514
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
0.06

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.06
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
200,767,811

 
198,701,762

 
200,463,314

 
198,282,044

Diluted
208,778,589

 
205,989,271

 
200,463,314

 
198,282,044


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3

Table of Contents

LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Net income (loss)
$
20,212

 
$
25,822

 
$
(46,314
)
 
$
(4,275
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges
(182
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(8
)
Realized loss on cash flow hedges
12

 
16

 
25

 
33

Change in funded status of defined benefit pension plan
108

 

 
113

 
30

Foreign currency translation adjustments
26,609

 
9,324

 
(18,059
)
 
19,143

Comprehensive income (loss)
46,759

 
35,157

 
(64,235
)
 
14,923

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
5,156

 
2,888

 
(3,091
)
 
5,239

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
41,603

 
$
32,269

 
$
(61,144
)
 
$
9,684



See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4

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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(46,314
)
 
$
(4,275
)
Reconciling items:
 
 
 
Depreciation
63,705

 
61,906

Amortization
109,407

 
96,901

Deferred income tax benefit
(1,415
)
 
(12,064
)
Amortization of debt issuance costs, discounts and premium, net
5,301

 
10,101

Non-cash compensation expense
17,562

 
22,568

Gain on disposal of operating assets
(37
)
 
(3,281
)
Equity in losses (earnings) of nonconsolidated affiliates, net of distributions
3,732

 
(1,930
)
Other, net
(4,189
)
 
248

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
 
 
 
Increase in accounts receivable
(122,058
)
 
(126,528
)
Increase in prepaid expenses
(268,937
)
 
(295,818
)
Increase in other assets
(48,629
)
 
(30,609
)
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
28,614

 
114,764

Increase in deferred revenue
620,412

 
508,323

Net cash provided by operating activities
357,154

 
340,306

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Collections and advances of notes receivable, net
(14,136
)
 
(3,429
)
Investments made in nonconsolidated affiliates
(11,023
)
 
(1,512
)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(67,344
)
 
(66,388
)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(69,244
)
 
(24,518
)
Other, net
(2,194
)
 
366

Net cash used in investing activities
(163,941
)
 
(95,481
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Proceeds from long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs
101

 
514,612

Payments on long-term debt
(17,170
)
 
(15,126
)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests

 
81

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(9,370
)
 
(18,036
)
Purchases and sales of noncontrolling interests, net
(9,491
)
 
(3,528
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
13,015

 
11,737

Payments for deferred and contingent consideration
(4,125
)
 
(5,541
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
(27,040
)
 
484,199

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(22,383
)
 
13,478

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
143,790

 
742,502

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
1,382,029

 
1,299,184

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
1,525,819

 
$
2,041,686




See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND OTHER INFORMATION
Preparation of Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, they include all normal and recurring accruals and adjustments necessary to present fairly the results of the interim periods shown.
The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2015, as amended by the Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on June 30, 2015.
Seasonality
Due to the seasonal nature of shows at outdoor amphitheaters and festivals, which primarily occur from May through September, the Concerts and Sponsorship & Advertising segments experience higher revenue during the second and third quarters. The Artist Nation segment’s revenue is impacted, to a large degree, by the touring schedules of artists it represents and generally experiences higher revenue during the second and third quarters as the period from May through September tends to be a popular time for touring events. The Ticketing segment’s revenue is impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which vary depending upon scheduling by its clients. The Company’s seasonality also results in higher balances in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accrued expenses and deferred revenue at different times in the year. Therefore, the results to date are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Included in the June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 cash and cash equivalents balance is $618.3 million and $533.8 million, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of ticketing clients and their share of service charges, which amounts are to be remitted to the clients.
Acquisitions
During the first six months of 2015, the Company completed several acquisitions that were accounted for as business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting and were not significant either on an individual basis or in the aggregate.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year consolidated financial statements to conform to the 2015 presentation. The Company has reclassified $20.0 million of debt issuance costs originally included in other long-term assets in the December 31, 2014 balance sheet and now reflects it as a reduction of the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt in connection with the retrospective application of new accounting guidance for debt issuance costs as discussed below. 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Pronouncements
In April 2014, the FASB issued guidance that raises the threshold for a disposal to qualify as a discontinued operation and requires new disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2015 and there has been no impact from its adoption.
In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs. The guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within that year. The guidance should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted and the Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2015. See “Reclassifications” above for discussion of the impact of implementation.
 

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Recently Issued Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The new standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption of the standard is not permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively, either to each prior period presented in the financial statements, or only to the most current reporting period presented in the financial statements with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. In July 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard by one year. The FASB also affirmed its proposal to allow early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date. Assuming final guidance is issued deferring the effective date, the Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2018, and is currently assessing which implementation method it will apply and the impact its adoption will have on its financial position and results of operations.
In April 2015, the FASB amended its guidance on internal-use software providing guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The amendments to this guidance are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied either prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after the effective date or retrospectively. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2016, and is currently assessing which implementation method it will apply and the impact its adoption will have on its financial position and results of operations.
In February 2015, the FASB issued amendments to the consolidation guidance that make changes to the analysis a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied either using a modified retrospective approach or retrospectively. The Company will adopt this standard on January 1, 2016, and is currently assessing which implementation method it will apply and the impact its adoption will have on its financial position and results of operations.
NOTE 2—LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Definite-lived Intangible Assets
The Company has definite-lived intangible assets which are amortized over the shorter of either the lives of the respective agreements or the period of time the assets are expected to contribute to the Company’s future cash flows. The amortization is recognized on either a straight-line or expected cash flows basis.

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The following table presents the changes in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
Revenue-
generating
contracts
 
Client /
vendor
relationships
 
Non-compete
agreements
 
Venue
management
and
leaseholds
 
Technology
 
Trademarks
and
naming
rights
 
Other
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross carrying amount
$
635,127

 
$
355,992

 
$
123,552

 
$
83,322

 
$
15,330

 
$
24,266

 
$
3,581

 
$
1,241,170

Accumulated amortization
(272,071
)
 
(123,195
)
 
(98,512
)
 
(50,490
)
 
(4,246
)
 
(8,701
)
 
(1,242
)
 
(558,457
)
Net
363,056

 
232,797

 
25,040

 
32,832

 
11,084

 
15,565

 
2,339

 
682,713

Gross carrying amount:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions— current year
115,097

 
15,000

 

 

 
17,950

 
42,470

 

 
190,517

Acquisitions— prior year
(4,246
)
 
(1,523
)
 
1,500

 

 
11

 

 

 
(4,258
)
Foreign exchange
(7,470
)
 
(4,124
)
 

 
(341
)
 
143

 
(203
)
 

 
(11,995
)
Other (1)
(16,473
)
 
(2,655
)
 

 
(6,212
)
 

 
(9
)
 

 
(25,349
)
Net change
86,908

 
6,698

 
1,500

 
(6,553
)
 
18,104

 
42,258

 

 
148,915

Accumulated amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization
(36,676
)
 
(25,371
)
 
(5,904
)
 
(4,506
)
 
(1,761
)
 
(1,718
)
 
(194
)
 
(76,130
)
Foreign exchange
2,839

 
961

 

 
333

 
(39
)
 
182

 

 
4,276

Other (1)
16,473

 
2,655

 

 
6,172

 

 
12

 

 
25,312

Net change
(17,364
)
 
(21,755
)
 
(5,904
)
 
1,999

 
(1,800
)
 
(1,524
)
 
(194
)
 
(46,542
)
Balance as of June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross carrying amount
722,035

 
362,690

 
125,052

 
76,769

 
33,434

 
66,524

 
3,581

 
1,390,085

Accumulated amortization
(289,435
)
 
(144,950
)
 
(104,416
)
 
(48,491
)
 
(6,046
)
 
(10,225
)
 
(1,436
)
 
(604,999
)
Net
$
432,600

 
$
217,740

 
$
20,636

 
$
28,278

 
$
27,388

 
$
56,299

 
$
2,145

 
$
785,086

_________
(1) 
Other includes net downs of fully amortized or impaired assets.
Included in the current year acquisitions amount above of $190.5 million are intangibles for revenue-generating contracts and trademarks and naming rights primarily associated with the acquisitions of controlling interests in two festival promoters located in the United States and the acquisition of a ticketing business located in the United States previously accounted for under the equity method.
The 2015 additions to definite-lived intangible assets from acquisitions have weighted-average lives as follows:
  
Weighted-
Average
Life (years)
 
 
Revenue-generating contracts
9
Client/vendor relationships
8
Technology
10
Trademarks and naming rights
10
All categories
9
Amortization of definite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $43.5 million and $33.3 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $76.1 million and $67.9 million,

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respectively. Amortization related to nonrecoupable ticketing contract advances for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $13.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 was $32.8 million and $29.0 million, respectively.
The following table presents the Company’s estimate of future amortization expense for the remainder of 2015 through 2019 for definite-lived intangible assets that exist at June 30, 2015:
 
(in thousands)
July 1 - December 31, 2015
$
75,497

2016
$
144,778

2017
$
125,955

2018
$
110,133

2019
$
97,110

As acquisitions and dispositions occur in the future and the valuations of intangible assets for recent acquisitions are completed, amortization may vary. Therefore, the expense to date is not necessarily indicative of the expense expected for the full year.
Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in each of the Company’s reportable segments for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
Concerts
 
Ticketing
 
Artist
Nation
 
Sponsorship
&  Advertising
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
$
577,891

 
$
657,631

 
$
345,513

 
$
302,865

 
$
1,883,900

Accumulated impairment losses
(386,915
)
 

 
(17,948
)
 

 
(404,863
)
                 Net
190,976

 
657,631

 
327,565

 
302,865

 
1,479,037

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions—current year
79,915

 
79,277

 
4,800

 
20,455

 
184,447

Acquisitions—prior year
(35,844
)
 
(4,245
)
 
4,461

 
4,335

 
(31,293
)
Foreign exchange
(2,159
)
 
(6,779
)
 
343

 
(4,473
)
 
(13,068
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance as of June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
619,803

 
725,884

 
355,117

 
323,182

 
2,023,986

Accumulated impairment losses
(386,915
)
 

 
(17,948
)
 

 
(404,863
)
                 Net
$
232,888

 
$
725,884

 
$
337,169

 
$
323,182

 
$
1,619,123

Included in the current year acquisitions amount above of $184.4 million is goodwill primarily associated with the acquisitions of controlling interests in two festival promoters and the acquisition of a ticketing business previously accounted for under the equity method, all located in the United States.
Included in the prior year acquisitions amount above is a decrease of $31.3 million of goodwill primarily associated with the acquisition of a controlling interest in a festival and concert promoter located in the United States.
The Company is in various stages of finalizing its acquisition accounting for recent acquisitions, which include the use of external valuation consultants, and the completion of this accounting could result in a change to the associated purchase price allocations, including goodwill and its allocation between segments.

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NOTE 3—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following table shows the fair value of the Company’s significant financial assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, which are classified on the balance sheets as cash and cash equivalents:
 
Fair Value Measurements 
 at June 30, 2015
 
Fair Value Measurements 
 at December 31, 2014
 
Level 1
 
Level 1
 
(in thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
       Cash equivalents
$
130,035

 
$
111

The Company has cash equivalents which consist of money market funds. Fair values for cash equivalents are based on quoted prices in an active market which are considered to be Level 1 inputs as defined in the FASB guidance.
The Company’s outstanding debt held by third-party financial institutions is carried at cost, adjusted for any premium, discounts or debt issuance costs. The Company’s debt is not publicly traded and the carrying amounts typically approximate fair value for debt that accrues interest at a variable rate, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs as defined in the FASB guidance. The estimated fair values of the Company’s 7% senior notes, 5.375% senior notes and 2.5% convertible senior notes were $451.6 million, $255.0 million and $298.5 million, respectively, at June 30, 2015. The estimated fair values of the 7% senior notes, 5.375% senior notes and 2.5% convertible senior notes were $451.3 million, $250.3 million and $296.3 million, respectively, at December 31, 2014. The estimated fair value of the Company’s third-party fixed-rate debt is based on quoted market prices in active markets for the same or similar debt, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs. The Company had fixed-rate debt held by noncontrolling interest partners with a face value of $30.4 million and $30.0 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The Company is unable to determine the fair value of this debt.
NOTE 4—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Ticketing Fees Consumer Class Action Litigation
In October 2003, a putative representative action was filed in the Superior Court of California challenging Ticketmaster’s charges to online customers for shipping fees and alleging that its failure to disclose on its website that the charges contain a profit component is unlawful. The complaint asserted a claim for violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law (“UCL”) and sought restitution or disgorgement of the difference between (i) the total shipping fees charged by Ticketmaster in connection with online ticket sales during the applicable period, and (ii) the amount that Ticketmaster actually paid to the shipper for delivery of those tickets. In August 2005, the plaintiffs filed a first amended complaint, then pleading the case as a putative class action and adding the claim that Ticketmaster’s website disclosures in respect of its ticket order processing fees constitute false advertising in violation of California’s False Advertising Law. On this new claim, the amended complaint seeks restitution or disgorgement of the entire amount of order processing fees charged by Ticketmaster during the applicable period. In April 2009, the Court granted the plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a second amended complaint adding new claims that (a) Ticketmaster’s order processing fees are unconscionable under the UCL, and (b) Ticketmaster’s alleged business practices further violate the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act. Plaintiffs later filed a third amended complaint, to which Ticketmaster filed a demurrer in July 2009. The Court overruled Ticketmaster’s demurrer in October 2009.
The plaintiffs filed a class certification motion in August 2009, which Ticketmaster opposed. In February 2010, the Court granted certification of a class on the first and second causes of action, which allege that Ticketmaster misrepresents/omits the fact of a profit component in Ticketmaster’s shipping and order processing fees. The class would consist of California consumers who purchased tickets through Ticketmaster’s website from 1999 to present. The Court denied certification of a class on the third and fourth causes of action, which allege that Ticketmaster’s shipping and order processing fees are unconscionably high. In March 2010, Ticketmaster filed a Petition for Writ of Mandate with the California Court of Appeal, and plaintiffs also filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the Superior Court’s class certification order. In April 2010, the Superior Court denied plaintiffs’ Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s class certification order, and the Court of Appeal denied Ticketmaster’s Petition for Writ of Mandate. In June 2010, the Court of Appeal granted the plaintiffs’ Petition for Writ of Mandate and ordered the Superior Court to vacate its February 2010 order denying plaintiffs’ motion to certify a national class and enter a new order granting plaintiffs’ motion to certify a nationwide class on the first and second claims. In September 2010, Ticketmaster filed its Motion for Summary Judgment on all causes of action in the Superior Court, and that same month plaintiffs filed their Motion for Summary Adjudication of various affirmative defenses asserted by Ticketmaster. In November 2010, Ticketmaster filed its Motion to Decertify Class.
In December 2010, the parties entered into a binding agreement providing for the settlement of the litigation and the resolution of all claims therein. In September 2011, the Court declined to approve the settlement in its then-current form.

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Litigation continued, and later that same month, the Court granted in part and denied in part Ticketmaster’s Motion for Summary Judgment. The parties reached a new settlement in September 2011, which was preliminarily approved, but in September 2012 the Court declined to grant final approval. In June 2013, the parties reached a revised settlement, which was preliminarily approved by the Court in April 2014. In February 2015, the Court granted the parties’ motion for final approval of the settlement. Ticketmaster and its parent, Live Nation, have not acknowledged any violations of law or liability in connection with the matter.
As of June 30, 2015, the Company had accrued $34.9 million, its best estimate of the probable costs associated with the settlement referred to above. The calculation of this liability is based in part upon an estimated redemption rate. Any difference between the Company’s estimated redemption rate and the actual redemption rate it experiences will impact the final settlement amount; however, the Company does not expect this difference to be material.
Other Litigation
From time to time, the Company is involved in other legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business, including proceedings and claims based upon purported violations of antitrust laws, intellectual property rights and tortious interference, which could cause the Company to incur significant expenses. The Company has also been the subject of personal injury and wrongful death claims relating to accidents at its venues in connection with its operations. As required, the Company has accrued its estimate of the probable settlement or other losses for the resolution of any outstanding claims. These estimates have been developed in consultation with counsel and are based upon an analysis of potential results, including, in some cases, estimated redemption rates for the settlement offered, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. It is possible, however, that future results of operations for any particular period could be materially affected by changes in the Company’s assumptions or the effectiveness of its strategies related to these proceedings.
NOTE 5—INCOME TAXES
The Company calculates interim effective tax rates in accordance with the FASB guidance for income taxes and applies the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date pretax income (or loss) at the end of each interim period to compute a year-to-date tax expense (or benefit). This guidance requires departure from effective tax rate computations when losses incurred within tax jurisdictions cannot be carried back and future profits associated with operations in those tax jurisdictions cannot be assured beyond any reasonable doubt. Accordingly, the Company has calculated and applied an expected annual effective tax rate of approximately 30% for 2015, excluding significant, unusual or extraordinary items, for ordinary income associated with operations for which the Company currently expects to have annual taxable income, which are principally outside of the United States. The Company has not recorded tax benefits associated with losses from operations for which future taxable income cannot be reasonably assured.
As almost all earnings from the Company’s continuing foreign operations are permanently reinvested and not distributed, the Company’s income tax provision does not include additional United States taxes on those foreign operations. The Company currently believes that the majority of its undistributed foreign earnings that are not currently subject to United States federal income tax will be indefinitely reinvested in its foreign operations.
The tax years 2005 through 2014 remain open to examination by the major tax jurisdictions to which the Company is subject.

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NOTE 6—EQUITY
The following table shows the reconciliation of the carrying amount of stockholders’ equity attributable to Live Nation, equity attributable to noncontrolling interests, total equity and also redeemable noncontrolling interests for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
Live Nation
Stockholders’  Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
(in thousands)
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
1,296,954

 
$
186,893

 
$
1,483,847

 
$
168,855

Non-cash and stock-based compensation
17,562

 

 
17,562

 

Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes
(5,321
)
 

 
(5,321
)
 

Exercise of stock options
13,015

 

 
13,015

 

Acquisitions

 
17,069

 
17,069

 
74,911

Purchases of noncontrolling interests
(4,819
)
 
(3,233
)
 
(8,052
)
 

Sales of noncontrolling interests
2,142

 

 
2,142

 
147

Redeemable noncontrolling interests fair value adjustments
(6,993
)
 

 
(6,993
)
 
6,993

Cash distributions

 
(9,178
)
 
(9,178
)
 
(192
)
Other

 
(513
)
 
(513
)
 
53

Comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 

 
 
Net loss
(43,223
)
 
2,131

 
(41,092
)
 
(5,222
)
Realized loss on cash flow hedges
25

 

 
25

 

Change in funded status of defined benefit pension plan
113

 

 
113

 

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(18,059
)
 

 
(18,059
)
 

Balance at June 30, 2015
$
1,251,396

 
$
193,169

 
$
1,444,565

 
$
245,545


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents changes in the components of AOCI, net of taxes, for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
Gains and Losses On Cash Flow Hedges
 
Defined Benefit Pension Items
 
Foreign Currency Items
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(25
)
 
$
(581
)
 
$
(69,404
)
 
$
(70,010
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications

 
113

 
(18,059
)
 
(17,946
)
Amount reclassified from AOCI
25

 

 

 
25

Net other comprehensive income (loss)
25

 
113

 
(18,059
)
 
(17,921
)
Balance at June 30, 2015
$

 
$
(468
)
 
$
(87,463
)
 
$
(87,931
)
The realized loss on cash flow hedges reclassified from AOCI consists of one interest rate swap agreement that expired on June 30, 2015.

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Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands except share and per share data)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
15,056

 
$
22,934

 
$
(43,223
)
 
$
(9,514
)
Accretion of redeemable noncontrolling interests
(3,105
)
 
(460
)
 
(6,993
)
 
(2,504
)
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders of Live Nation—basic and diluted
$
11,951

 
$
22,474

 
$
(50,216
)
 
$
(12,018
)
Weighted average common shares—basic
200,767,811

 
198,701,762

 
200,463,314

 
198,282,044

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        Stock options and restricted stock
8,010,778

 
7,287,509

 

 

Weighted average common shares—diluted
208,778,589

 
205,989,271

 
200,463,314

 
198,282,044

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share available to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
0.06

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.06
)
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effects of the assumed exercise of any outstanding stock options, the assumed vesting of shares of restricted stock awards and the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes where dilutive. The following table shows securities excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share because such securities are anti-dilutive:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Options to purchase shares of common stock
3,075

 
5,108

 
16,657

 
17,755

Restricted stock awards—unvested
242

 
715

 
1,047

 
1,770

Conversion shares related to the convertible senior notes
7,930

 
16,035

 
7,930

 
16,035

Number of anti-dilutive potentially issuable shares excluded from diluted common shares outstanding
11,247

 
21,858

 
25,634

 
35,560

NOTE 7—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The following is a summary of stock-based compensation expense recorded by the Company:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
$
4,028

 
$
8,255

 
$
8,770

 
$
13,175

Corporate expenses
4,037

 
4,295

 
8,792

 
9,393

Total
$
8,065

 
$
12,550

 
$
17,562

 
$
22,568

In the second quarter of 2014, the Company granted an award of equity in a subsidiary to an employee that vested at issuance.
As of June 30, 2015, there was $61.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock-based compensation arrangements for stock options, restricted stock awards and other equity awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

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NOTE 8—SEGMENT DATA
The Company’s reportable segments are Concerts, Ticketing, Artist Nation and Sponsorship & Advertising. The Concerts segment involves the promotion of live music events globally in the Company’s owned or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, the production of music festivals and the operation and management of music venues. The Ticketing segment involves the management of the Company’s global ticketing operations, including providing ticketing software and services to clients, ticket resale services and online access for customers relating to ticket and event information, and is responsible for the Company’s primary websites, www.livenation.com and www.ticketmaster.com. The Artist Nation segment provides management services to artists and other services including merchandise sales. The Sponsorship & Advertising segment manages the development of strategic sponsorship programs in addition to the sale of international, national and local sponsorships and placement of advertising including signage, promotional programs, rich media offerings, including live streaming and music-related original content, and banner ads across the Company’s distribution network of venues, events and websites.
Revenue and expenses earned and charged between segments are eliminated in consolidation. Corporate expenses and all line items below operating income (loss) are managed on a total company basis. The Company’s capital expenditures include accruals and expenditures funded by outside parties such as landlords or replacements funded by insurance companies.
The Company manages its working capital on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the Company’s management to allocate resources to or assess performance of the segments, and therefore, total segment assets have not been presented.
The following table presents the results of operations for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
Concerts
 
Ticketing
 
Artist
Nation
 
Sponsorship
& Advertising
 
Other
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
1,268,382

 
$
360,197

 
$
87,835

 
$
81,071

 
$
791

 
$

 
$
(32,499
)
 
$
1,765,777

Direct operating expenses
1,075,507

 
171,045

 
53,806

 
10,717

 

 

 
(31,976
)
 
1,279,099

Selling, general and administrative expenses
157,348

 
116,741

 
38,478

 
13,856

 
416

 

 

 
326,839

Depreciation and amortization
40,033

 
35,561

 
10,756

 
2,225

 
13

 
506

 
(523
)
 
88,571

Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets
(55
)
 
(30
)
 

 

 

 
9

 

 
(76
)
Corporate expenses

 

 

 

 

 
26,342

 

 
26,342

Acquisition transaction expenses
1,341

 
286

 
1,104

 

 

 
26

 

 
2,757

Operating income (loss)
$
(5,792
)
 
$
36,594

 
$
(16,309
)
 
$
54,273

 
$
362

 
$
(26,883
)
 
$

 
$
42,245

Intersegment revenue
$
30,572

 
$
460

 
$
1,467

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(32,499
)
 
$

Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
1,172,166

 
$
371,000

 
$
79,162

 
$
70,903

 
$
839

 
$

 
$
(28,285
)
 
$
1,665,785

Direct operating expenses
969,991

 
183,269

 
47,242

 
9,995

 
1,590

 

 
(27,391
)
 
1,184,696

Selling, general and administrative expenses
166,890

 
111,882

 
34,029

 
12,244

 
880

 

 

 
325,925


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Table of Contents

 
Concerts
 
Ticketing
 
Artist
Nation
 
Sponsorship
& Advertising
 
Other
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
26,189

 
40,968

 
7,665

 
1,739

 
10

 
542

 
(894
)
 
76,219

Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets
(3,745
)
 
(43
)
 
1

 

 


 

 

 
(3,787
)
Corporate expenses

 

 

 

 


 
25,717

 

 
25,717

Acquisition transaction expenses
456

 
58

 
(265
)
 

 


 
1,080

 

 
1,329

Operating income (loss)
$
12,385

 
$
34,866

 
$
(9,510
)
 
$
46,925

 
$
(1,641
)
 
$
(27,339
)
 
$

 
$
55,686

Intersegment revenue
$
25,604

 
$
187

 
$
2,494

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(28,285
)
 
$

Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
1,891,616

 
$
735,827

 
$
165,780

 
$
133,168

 
$
1,584

 
$

 
$
(41,886
)
 
$
2,886,089

Direct operating expenses
1,561,479

 
356,737

 
100,636

 
21,345

 
1,068

 

 
(40,877
)
 
2,000,388

Selling, general and administrative expenses
308,338

 
229,154

 
75,692

 
26,950

 
1,250

 

 

 
641,384

Depreciation and amortization
69,214

 
78,857

 
20,791

 
4,213

 
24

 
1,022

 
(1,009
)
 
173,112

Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets
171

 
(179
)
 

 

 

 
(29
)
 

 
(37
)
Corporate expenses

 

 

 

 

 
50,702

 

 
50,702

Acquisition transaction expenses
775

 
433

 
1,110

 

 

 
(88
)
 

 
2,230

Operating income (loss)
$
(48,361
)
 
$
70,825

 
$
(32,449
)
 
$
80,660

 
$
(758
)
 
$
(51,607
)
 
$

 
$
18,310

Intersegment revenue
$
39,311

 
$
460

 
$
2,115

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(41,886
)
 
$

Capital expenditures
$
18,880

 
$
42,117

 
$
868

 
$
1,721

 
$
(13
)
 
$
438

 
$

 
$
64,011


15

Table of Contents

 
Concerts
 
Ticketing
 
Artist
Nation
 
Sponsorship
& Advertising
 
Other
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
1,834,656

 
$
725,461

 
$
151,718

 
$
116,291

 
$
1,585

 
$

 
$
(36,610
)
 
$
2,793,101

Direct operating expenses
1,487,146

 
355,860

 
89,318

 
18,059

 
681

 

 
(35,217
)
 
1,915,847

Selling, general and administrative expenses
316,806

 
225,902

 
59,822

 
24,165

 
1,635

 

 

 
628,330

Depreciation and amortization
54,709

 
86,951

 
15,436

 
1,943

 
20

 
1,141

 
(1,393
)
 
158,807

Loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets
(3,235
)
 
(117
)
 
34

 

 

 
37

 

 
(3,281
)
Corporate expenses

 

 

 

 

 
46,891

 

 
46,891

Acquisition transaction expenses
783

 
63

 
188

 

 

 
2,095

 

 
3,129

Operating income (loss)
$
(21,553
)
 
$
56,802

 
$
(13,080
)
 
$
72,124

 
$
(751
)
 
$
(50,164
)
 
$

 
$
43,378

Intersegment revenue
$
33,034

 
$
460

 
$
3,116

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(36,610
)
 
$

Capital expenditures
$
18,306

 
$
37,438

 
$
943

 
$
449

 
$

 
$
5,271

 
$

 
$
62,407

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
“Live Nation” (which may be referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) means Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. and its subsidiaries, or one of our segments or subsidiaries, as the context requires. You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes to the financial statements included elsewhere in this quarterly report.
Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this quarterly report (or otherwise made by us or on our behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the SEC, news releases, conferences, internet postings or otherwise) that are not statements of historical fact constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, notwithstanding that such statements are not specifically identified. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our financial position, business strategy, competitive position, potential growth opportunities, potential operating performance improvements, the effects of competition, the effects of future legislation or regulations and plans and objectives of our management for future operations. We have based our forward-looking statements on our beliefs and assumptions considering the information available to us at the time the statements are made. Use of the words “may,” “should,” “continue,” “plan,” “potential,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “outlook,” “could,” “target,” “project,” “seek,” “predict,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth below under Part II Item 1A.—Risk Factors, in Part I Item IA.—Risk Factors of our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as other factors described herein or in our annual, quarterly and other reports we file with the SEC (collectively, “cautionary statements”). Based upon changing conditions, should any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in any forward-looking statements. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the applicable cautionary statements. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.
Executive Overview
In the second quarter of 2015, our overall revenue increased by $100.0 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $195.7 million, a 12% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. The increase was largely driven by growth in our Concerts segment due to the increase in events and fans. Sponsorship & Advertising increased as well, with growth in both North America and International. Additionally, Ticketing finished ahead of second quarter last year due to the continued expansion of our resale business in North America. For the first six months, our overall revenue was up $93.0 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $244.8 million, a 9% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. All of our reported segments delivered revenue increases in the first half of the year, underscoring the continued success of our strategic initiatives and the underlying health of the live event and ticketing businesses. We believe by leveraging our leadership position in the entertainment industry to reach fans through the live concert experience, we will sell more tickets and grow our Sponsorship & Advertising revenue. As the leading global live event and ticketing company, we believe that we are well-positioned to provide the best service to artists, teams, fans and venues and therefore drive growth across all our businesses.
Our Concerts segment revenue for the quarter increased by $96.2 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $168.4 million, a 14% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. This increase was largely due to higher arena activity in North America with tours of artists including U2, Imagine Dragons, and Kevin Hart. Our festival business in North America also continues to grow with another strong year for Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas and our first year with Bonnaroo, one of the largest festivals worldwide. In our International festival business, Rock Werchter occured in the second quarter (was in the third quarter last year) and was again a success in Belgium, attracting over 350,000 fans, making it one of the top five festivals in Europe. This growth was partially offset by a reduction in arena and stadium activity in our European markets. Overall, attendance at our shows increased by 7% in the second quarter of 2015 as compared to last year. Our Concerts operating results for the quarter were in line with last year except for higher amortization expense and lower gains on disposal.
For the first six months, our Concerts segment was the largest contributor to our overall revenue growth, with an increase of $57.0 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $163.5 million, a 9% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. As in the second quarter, this higher revenue was largely due to an increase in the number of arena shows in North America as well as a 77% growth in attendance in our festivals globally for the second quarter. In the first half of the year, in addition to the acts mentioned above, artists including Maroon 5 and Ariana Grande drove our arena attendance

17

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up by 35%. This growth more than offset a decline in arena and stadium activity in Europe. Year-to-date, there has been a 3% increase in the overall number of fans attending our shows as compared to 2014. Operating results for the first six months of the year were impacted by reduced touring activity in Europe along with investments in our festival business. We will continue to look for expansion opportunities, both domestically and internationally, as well as ways to market our events more effectively, in order to continue to expand our fan base and geographic reach and to sell more tickets and advertising.
Our Ticketing segment revenue for the second quarter decreased by $10.8 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, but increased by $6.9 million, or 2%, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. This increase was largely due to a 38% growth of gross transaction value, or GTV, in our resale ticketing business globally, which includes higher activity from Europe and the launch of resale in Australia. The success of our integrated resale and primary offering continues with GTV in both sports and concerts increasing in the second quarter. While ticket sales in our primary business were essentially flat to last year at 37 million tickets, this is largely due to the timing of on-sales for major concert events. Operating results for the quarter increased over last year, largely as a result of our growing resale ticketing business and reduced costs per ticket on our primary tickets.
For the first six months, Ticketing revenue is up $10.4 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $44.9 million, a 6% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. This growth was driven by both our expanding resale business as well as higher primary ticket sales. In our primary business, we have sold 75 million tickets worldwide for the first six months, a 1% increase over last year. Ticketing operating results year-to-date are up due to stronger results in our resale ticketing business, higher primary ticket sales in North America and lower amortization while we continued to invest in technology and new innovations, on both our primary and resale platforms. Mobile, in particular, continues to be an area of focus for us. We have accelerated our mobile app releases, which has resulted in the number of active app users globally increasing year-over-year. For the first six months, 21% of our total tickets were sold via mobile and tablet devices, a 21% increase over last year. We will continue to implement new features to drive further expansion of mobile ticket transactions and invest in initiatives aimed at improving the ticket search, purchase and transfer process. As a result, we expect to attract more ticket buyers and enhance the overall fan and venue client experience.
Our Artist Nation segment revenue for the second quarter increased $8.7 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $10.2 million, a 13% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. This increase resulted from higher management commissions although operating results declined largely due to investments in additional service lines which also increased compensation costs. For the first six months of the year, Artist Nation revenue was up $14.1 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $17.3 million, an 11% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, again driven by higher management commissions. On a year-to-date basis, Artist Nation’s operating results were down due to higher costs as noted for the second quarter. Our Artist Nation segment is focused on managing its existing clients as well as developing new relationships with top artists and extending the various services it provides.
Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment revenue for the quarter was up $10.2 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $14.5 million, a 20% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. Higher revenue resulted from new clients, growth in our online business and increased festival sponsorships, which also grew our operating income. For the first six months, Sponsorship & Advertising revenue was up $16.9 million on a reported basis as compared to last year, or $24.5 million, a 21% increase, without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. Our focus on building and expanding our ad network is driving results by increasing our monthly unique visitors to our network, now at 65 million. This higher revenue overall delivered a 12% increase in operating income on a reported basis for Sponsorship & Advertising for the first six months of 2015. We believe that our extensive on-site and online reach, global venue distribution network, artist relationships and ticketing operations are the key to securing long-term sponsorship agreements with major brands, and we plan to expand these assets while extending further into new markets internationally.
We continue to be optimistic about the long-term potential of our company and are focused on the key elements of our business model - expand our concert platform, drive conversion of ticket sales through social and mobile channels, sell more tickets for our Ticketmaster clients, deliver fans a fully integrated offering of primary and secondary tickets together, grow our sponsorship and online revenue, drive cost efficiencies and continue to align our artist management group with our other core businesses.
Our History
We were incorporated in Delaware on August 2, 2005 in preparation for the contribution and transfer by Clear Channel Communications, Inc. of substantially all of its entertainment assets and liabilities to us. We completed the separation on December 21, 2005, and became a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange trading under the symbol “LYV.”
On January 25, 2010, we merged with Ticketmaster and it became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Live Nation. Effective with the merger, Live Nation, Inc. changed its name to Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.

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Segment Overview
Our reportable segments are Concerts, Ticketing, Artist Nation and Sponsorship & Advertising.
Concerts
Our Concerts segment principally involves the global promotion of live music events in our owned or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, the operation and management of music venues and the production of music festivals across the world. While our Concerts segment operates year-round, we experience higher revenue during the second and third quarters due to the seasonal nature of shows at our outdoor amphitheaters and festivals, which primarily occur from May through September. Revenue and related costs for events are generally deferred and recognized when the event occurs. All advertising costs incurred during the year for shows in future years are expensed at the end of the year.
To judge the health of our Concerts segment, we primarily monitor the number of confirmed events in our network of owned or operated and third-party venues, talent fees, average paid attendance and advance ticket sales. In addition, at our owned or operated venues, we monitor ancillary revenue per fan and premium ticket sales. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Ticketing
The Ticketing segment is primarily an agency business that sells tickets for events on behalf of our clients and retains a service charge for these services. We sell tickets through websites, mobile apps, ticket outlets and telephone call centers. Our ticketing sales are impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which may vary depending upon scheduling by our clients. We also offer ticket resale services, sometimes referred to as secondary ticketing, primarily through our integrated inventory platform, along with other platforms internationally. Our Ticketing segment also manages our online activities including enhancements to our websites and bundled product offerings. Through our websites, we sell tickets to our own events as well as tickets for our clients and provide event information. Revenue related to ticketing service charges is recognized when the ticket is sold except for our own events where we control ticketing and then the revenue is deferred and recognized as the event occurs.
To judge the health of our Ticketing segment, we primarily review the gross transaction value and the number of tickets sold through our primary ticketing operations, average service charge, the number of clients renewed or added and the average royalty rate paid to clients who use our ticketing services. In addition, we review the number of visits to our websites, the overall number of customers in our database, the number of tickets sold via mobile apps and gross transaction value and fees related to secondary ticket sales. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Artist Nation
The Artist Nation segment primarily provides management services to music artists and other clients in exchange for a commission on the earnings of these artists. Our Artist Nation segment also creates and sells merchandise for music artists at live performances, to retailers and directly to consumers via the internet. Revenue earned from our Artist Nation segment is impacted to a large degree by the touring schedules of the artists we represent and generally we experience higher revenue during the second and third quarters as the period from May through September tends to be a popular time for touring events.
To judge the health of our Artist Nation segment, we primarily review the annual commissions earned for each client represented. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Sponsorship & Advertising
Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment employs a sales force that creates and maintains relationships with sponsors through a combination of strategic, international, national and local opportunities that allow businesses to reach customers through our concerts, venue, artist relationship and ticketing assets, including advertising on our websites. We drive increased advertising scale to further monetize our concerts platform through rich media offerings including live streaming and music-related original content. We work with our corporate clients to help create marketing programs that drive their business goals and connect their brands directly with fans and artists. We also develop, book and produce custom events or programs for our clients’ specific brands which are typically experienced exclusively by the clients’ consumers. These custom events can involve live music events with talent and media, using both online and traditional outlets. We typically experience higher revenue in the second and third quarters, as a large portion of sponsorships are associated with shows at our outdoor amphitheaters and festivals which primarily occur from May through September.
To judge the health of our Sponsorship & Advertising segment, we primarily review the revenue generated through sponsorship arrangements, the percentage of expected revenue under contract and online advertising revenue through our

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websites. For business that is conducted in foreign markets, we also compare the operating results from our foreign operations to prior periods without the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.

Consolidated Results of Operations
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
$
1,765,777

 
$
1,665,785

 
6%
 
$
2,886,089

 
$
2,793,101

 
3%
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct operating expenses
1,279,099

 
1,184,696

 
8%
 
2,000,388

 
1,915,847

 
4%
Selling, general and administrative expenses
326,839

 
325,925

 
*
 
641,384

 
628,330

 
2%
Depreciation and amortization
88,571

 
76,219

 
16%
 
173,112

 
158,807

 
9%
Gain on disposal of operating assets
(76
)
 
(3,787
)
 
*
 
(37
)
 
(3,281
)
 
*
Corporate expenses
26,342

 
25,717

 
2%
 
50,702

 
46,891

 
8%
Acquisition transaction expenses
2,757

 
1,329

 
*
 
2,230

 
3,129

 
*
Operating income
42,245

 
55,686

 
(24)%
 
18,310

 
43,378

 
(58)%
Operating margin
2.4
%
 
3.3
%
 
 
 
0.6
%
 
1.6
%
 
 
Interest expense
25,650

 
27,590

 
 
 
51,013

 
52,082

 
 
Interest income
(394
)
 
(1,146
)
 
 
 
(1,959
)
 
(1,812
)
 
 
Equity in losses (earnings) of nonconsolidated affiliates
367

 
(960
)
 
 
 
(2,613
)
 
(3,766
)
 
 
Other expense (income), net
(8,500
)
 
(330
)
 
 
 
12,528

 
(1,506
)
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
25,122

 
30,532

 
 
 
(40,659
)
 
(1,620
)
 
 
Income tax expense
4,910

 
4,710

 
 
 
5,655

 
2,655

 
 
Net income (loss)
20,212

 
25,822

 
 
 
(46,314
)
 
(4,275
)
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
5,156

 
2,888

 
 
 
(3,091
)
 
5,239

 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders of Live Nation
$
15,056

 
$
22,934

 
 
 
$
(43,223
)
 
$
(9,514
)
 
 
_________
*
Percentages are not meaningful.

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Key Operating Metrics
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Concerts (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated events:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
4,332

 
4,019

 
7,733

 
7,266

International
1,798

 
1,639

 
3,428

 
3,198

Total estimated events
6,130

 
5,658

 
11,161

 
10,464

Estimated fans (rounded):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
10,743,000

 
9,185,000

 
16,183,000

 
14,885,000

International
4,737,000

 
5,221,000

 
7,880,000

 
8,518,000

Total estimated fans
15,480,000

 
14,406,000

 
24,063,000

 
23,403,000

Ticketing (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of tickets sold (in thousands)
36,602

 
36,910

 
74,522

 
73,563

 _________

(1) 
Events generally represent a single performance by an artist. Fans generally represent the number of people who attend an event. Festivals are counted as one event in the quarter in which the festival begins, but the number of fans is based on the days the fans were present at the festival and thus can be reported across multiple quarters. Events and fan attendance metrics are estimated each quarter.
(2) 
The number of tickets sold includes primary tickets only. This metric includes tickets sold during the period regardless of event timing except for our promoted events in our owned or operated venues and in certain European territories where these tickets are reported as the events occur. The total number of tickets sold reported for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 excludes approximately 61 million and 61 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 excludes approximately 133 million and 134 million, respectively, of tickets sold using our Ticketmaster systems, through season seat packages and our venue clients’ box offices, for which we do not receive a fee.


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Revenue
Our revenue increased $100.0 million, or 6%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in our Concerts segment of $96.2 million. Excluding the decrease of approximately $95.7 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $195.7 million, or 12%.
Our revenue increased $93.0 million, or 3%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in revenue was due to increases in our Concerts, Ticketing, Artist Nation and Sponsorship & Advertising segments of $57.0 million, $10.4 million, $14.1 million and $16.9 million, respectively. Excluding the decrease of approximately $151.8 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $244.8 million, or 9%.
More detailed explanations of these changes along with the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, if significant, are included in the applicable segment discussions below.
Direct operating expenses
Our direct operating expenses increased $94.4 million, or 8%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in direct operating expenses was primarily due to an increase in our Concerts segment of $105.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in our Ticketing segment of $12.2 million. Excluding the decrease of approximately $70.3 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses increased $164.7 million, or 14%.
Our direct operating expenses increased $84.5 million, or 4%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in direct operating expenses was primarily due to increases in our Concerts and Artist Nation segments of $74.3 million and $11.3 million, respectively. Excluding the decrease of approximately $108.0 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses increased $192.5 million, or 10%.
Direct operating expenses include artist fees, event production costs, ticketing client royalties, show-related marketing and advertising expenses, along with other costs.
More detailed explanations of these changes along with the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, if significant, are included in the applicable segment discussions below.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to increases in our Ticketing and Artist Nation segments of $4.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in our Concerts segment of $9.5 million. Excluding the decrease of approximately $15.9 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $16.8 million, or 5%.
Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased $13.1 million, or 2%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in our Artist Nation segment of $15.9 million. Excluding the decrease of approximately $30.1 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $43.2 million, or 7%.
More detailed explanations of these changes along with the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, if significant, are included in the applicable segment discussions below.
Depreciation and amortization
Our depreciation and amortization increased $12.4 million, or 16%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to an increase in our Concerts segment of $13.8 million. Excluding the decrease of approximately $3.2 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization increased $15.6 million, or 20%.
Our depreciation and amortization increased $14.3 million, or 9%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. The overall increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to an increase in our Concerts segment of $14.5 million. Excluding the decrease of $5.9 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization increased $20.2 million, or 13%.

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Corporate expenses
Corporate expenses increased $3.8 million, or 8%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to higher compensation costs driven by higher headcount and annual salary increases.
Other expense (income), net
Other expense (income), net was income of $8.5 million and expense of $12.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, and includes the impact of net foreign exchange rate gains of $0.3 million and net foreign exchange rate losses of $20.5 million, respectively, primarily from revaluation of certain foreign currency denominated net assets or liabilities held internationally. The three- and six-month periods include gains of $10.0 million recorded in connection with the consolidation of a festival promotion business and a ticketing company that were previously accounted for as equity investments.
Other expense (income), net was income of $0.3 million and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and includes the impact of net foreign exchange rate gains of $0.5 million and net foreign exchange rate losses of $2.3 million, respectively.
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $8.3 million to a loss of $3.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to income of $5.2 million for the same period of the prior year primarily due to lower operating results from certain concert and festival promotion businesses.
Concerts Results of Operations
Our Concerts segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
$
1,268,382

 
$
1,172,166

 
8%
 
$
1,891,616

 
$
1,834,656

 
3%
Direct operating expenses
1,075,507

 
969,991

 
11%
 
1,561,479

 
1,487,146

 
5%
Selling, general and administrative expenses
157,348

 
166,890

 
(6)%
 
308,338

 
316,806

 
(3)%
Depreciation and amortization
40,033

 
26,189

 
53%
 
69,214

 
54,709

 
27%
Gain (loss) on disposal of operating assets
(55
)
 
(3,745
)
 
*
 
171

 
(3,235
)
 
*
Acquisition transaction expenses
1,341

 
456

 
*
 
775

 
783

 
*
Operating income (loss)
$
(5,792
)
 
$
12,385

 
*
 
$
(48,361
)
 
$
(21,553
)
 
*
Operating margin
(0.5
)%
 
1.1
%
 
 
 
(2.6
)%
 
(1.2
)%
 
 
Adjusted operating income **
$
37,285

 
$
37,143

 
*
 
$
25,637

 
$
34,506

 
(26)%
_______
*
Percentages are not meaningful.
**
AOI is defined and reconciled to operating income (loss) below.
Three Months
Concerts revenue increased $96.2 million, or 8%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $72.2 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $168.4 million, or 14%, primarily due to more arena shows along with higher average attendance and ticket prices in North America, higher festival activity primarily driven by the timing of certain festivals, and incremental revenue of $71.8 million from the acquisitions of various festival and concert promotion businesses. These increases were partially offset by fewer shows along with lower average attendance in our international stadiums and North America amphitheaters.
Concerts direct operating expenses increased $105.5 million, or 11%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $61.1 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses increased $166.6 million, or 17%, primarily due to the overall increase in

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arena shows and festival activity and incremental direct operating expenses of $63.5 million from the acquisitions discussed above.
Concerts selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $9.5 million, or 6%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $8.2 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $1.3 million, or 1%.
Concerts depreciation and amortization increased $13.8 million, or 53%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $1.4 million related to the impact of the changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization increased $15.2 million, or 58%, primarily due to the acceleration of depreciation and amortization associated with a change in the estimated useful lives of certain intangible assets and leasehold improvements along with incremental depreciation and amortization of $5.3 million from the acquisitions discussed above.
Concerts gain on disposal of operating assets of $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 consisted primarily of a final insurance recovery for storm damage to an amphitheater in New York.
The increased operating loss for Concerts for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by the increased amortization and lower gain on disposal of operating assets.
Six Months
Concerts revenue increased $57.0 million, or 3%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $106.5 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $163.5 million, or 9%, primarily due to more arena shows and higher ticket prices in North America, increased festival activity primarily due to the timing of certain festivals, and incremental revenue of $78.6 million from the acquisitions of various festival and concert promotion businesses. These increases were partially offset by fewer shows and lower average attendance in our international stadiums and North America amphitheaters.
Concerts direct operating expenses increased $74.3 million, or 5%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $88.8 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses increased $163.1 million, or 11%, primarily due to the increased arena shows and festival activity, incremental direct operating expenses of $68.8 million from the acquisitions discussed above and other artist-related costs.
Concerts selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $8.5 million, or 3%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $15.7 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $7.2 million, or 2%, primarily due to incremental selling, general and administrative expenses of $10.0 million from the acquisitions discussed above.
Concerts depreciation and amortization increased $14.5 million, or 27%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $2.6 million related to the impact of the changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization increased $17.1 million, or 31%, primarily due to incremental depreciation and amortization of $8.2 million from the acquisitions discussed above along with acceleration of expense driven by a change in estimated lives on certain assets.
Concerts gain on disposal of operating assets of $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 consisted primarily of a final insurance recovery for storm damage to an amphitheater in New York.
The increased operating loss for Concerts for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by a slight decline in event-related results driven by event timing, higher depreciation and amortization, and lower gain on sale in 2015.

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Ticketing Results of Operations
Our Ticketing segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
$
360,197

 
$
371,000

 
(3)%
 
$
735,827

 
$
725,461

 
1%
Direct operating expenses
171,045

 
183,269

 
(7)%
 
356,737

 
355,860

 
*
Selling, general and administrative expenses
116,741

 
111,882

 
4%
 
229,154

 
225,902

 
1%
Depreciation and amortization
35,561

 
40,968

 
(13)%
 
78,857

 
86,951

 
(9)%
Gain on disposal of operating assets
(30
)
 
(43
)
 
*
 
(179
)
 
(117
)
 
*
Acquisition transaction expenses
286

 
58

 
*
 
433

 
63

 
*
Operating income
$
36,594

 
$
34,866

 
5%
 
$
70,825

 
$
56,802

 
25%
Operating margin
10.2
%
 
9.4
%
 
 
 
9.6
%
 
7.8
%
 
 
Adjusted operating income **
$
73,215

 
$
76,554

 
(4)%
 
$
151,603

 
$
146,571

 
3%
_______
*
Percentages are not meaningful.
**
AOI is defined and reconciled to operating income (loss) below.
Three Months
Ticketing revenue decreased $10.8 million, or 3%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $17.7 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $6.9 million, or 2%, primarily due to higher North America resale ticket fees driven by higher concert and professional sports ticket sales as a result of the continuing success of our integrated resale and primary offering. These increases were partially offset by lower North America primary ticket volumes and fees due to the timing shift into the first quarter in 2015 of our clients’ event on-sales.
Ticketing direct operating expenses decreased $12.2 million, or 7%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $8.1 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses decreased $4.1 million, or 2%, primarily due to the lower North America primary ticket volume in the quarter along with lower costs per fee-bearing ticket, partially offset by higher costs associated with the increased resale ticket sales discussed above.
Ticketing selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.9 million, or 4%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $6.7 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $11.6 million, or 10%, primarily due to higher compensation costs associated with annual salary increases and higher headcount.
Ticketing depreciation and amortization decreased $5.4 million, or 13%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $1.5 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization decreased $3.9 million, or 10%, primarily due to lower amortization associated with certain technology intangible assets that were fully amortized by the fourth quarter of 2014.
The increase in Ticketing operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily due to the improved North America resale results.
Six Months
Ticketing revenue increased $10.4 million, or 1%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $34.5 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $44.9 million, or 6%, primarily due to higher resale ticket fees and increased primary ticket volume driven by higher concert ticket sales.
Ticketing direct operating expenses increased $0.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $16.3 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange

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rates, direct operating expenses increased $17.2 million, or 5%, primarily due to higher royalties associated with the increased sales discussed above.
Ticketing selling, general and administrative expenses increased $3.3 million, or 1%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $12.6 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $15.9 million, or 7%, primarily due to higher consulting and compensation costs associated with annual salary increases and higher headcount.
Ticketing depreciation and amortization decreased $8.1 million, or 9%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $2.8 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, depreciation and amortization decreased $5.3 million, or 6%, primarily due to lower amortization associated with certain technology intangible assets that were fully amortized by the fourth quarter of 2014.
The increase in Ticketing operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily due to higher North America primary and resale activity along with lower depreciation and amortization, partially offset by the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Artist Nation Results of Operations
Our Artist Nation segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
$
87,835

 
$
79,162

 
11%
 
$
165,780

 
$
151,718

 
9%
Direct operating expenses
53,806

 
47,242

 
14%
 
100,636

 
89,318

 
13%
Selling, general and administrative expenses
38,478

 
34,029

 
13%
 
75,692

 
59,822

 
27%
Depreciation and amortization
10,756

 
7,665

 
40%
 
20,791

 
15,436

 
35%
Loss on disposal of operating assets

 
1

 
*
 

 
34

 
*
Acquisition transaction expenses
1,104

 
(265
)
 
*
 
1,110

 
188

 
*
Operating loss
$
(16,309
)
 
$
(9,510
)
 
(71)%
 
$
(32,449
)
 
$
(13,080
)
 
*
Operating margin
(18.6
)%
 
(12.0
)%
 
 
 
(19.6
)%
 
(8.6
)%
 
 
Adjusted operating income (loss)**
$
(3,223
)
 
$
3,218

 
*
 
$
(7,990
)
 
$
8,362

 
*
 
_______
*
Percentages are not meaningful.
**
AOI is defined and reconciled to operating income (loss) below.
Three Months
Artist Nation revenue increased $8.7 million, or 11%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $1.5 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $10.2 million, or 13%, primarily due to higher management commissions and special event revenue along with incremental revenue of $6.2 million resulting from the acquisition or prospective consolidation of several artist management businesses.
Artist Nation direct operating expenses increased $6.6 million, or 14%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to investments in additional service lines.
Artist Nation selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.4 million, or 13%, primarily due to increased compensation costs driven by the expansion of service lines in the artist management business and incremental selling, general and administrative expenses of $3.9 million from the acquisitions and prospective consolidation discussed above.
Artist Nation depreciation and amortization increased $3.1 million, or 40%, for the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to incremental depreciation and amortization from the acquisitions and prospective consolidation discussed above.

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The increased operating loss for Artist Nation was primarily due to special event results, higher depreciation and amortization associated with the acquisitions and prospective consolidation along with higher compensation costs in the artist management business.
Six Months
Artist Nation revenue increased $14.1 million, or 9%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $3.2 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $17.3 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher management commissions, special event revenue and incremental revenue of $10.6 million resulting from the acquisition or prospective consolidation of several artist management businesses. These increases were partially offset by reduced tour merchandise sales.
Artist Nation direct operating expenses increased $11.3 million, or 13%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $2.0 million related to the impact of foreign exchange rates, direct operating expenses increased $13.3 million, or 15%, primarily due to higher costs associated with investments in additional service lines, partially offset by lower costs associated with the reduced tour merchandise sales.
Artist Nation selling, general and administrative expenses increased $15.9 million, or 27%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $1.1 million related to the impact of foreign exchange rates, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $17.0 million, or 28%, primarily due to higher compensation expense in the management business driven by the service line expansion along with incremental expenses of $7.9 million resulting from the acquisitions and prospective consolidation discussed above.
Artist Nation depreciation and amortization increased $5.4 million, or 35%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to higher amortization associated with the acquisitions and prospective consolidation discussed above.
The increased operating loss for Artist Nation for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by special event results, increased depreciation and amortization associated with the acquisitions and prospective consolidation, and higher compensation expense in the management business.

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Sponsorship & Advertising Results of Operations
Our Sponsorship & Advertising segment operating results were, and discussions of significant variances are, as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
%
Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Revenue
$
81,071

 
$
70,903

 
14%
 
$
133,168

 
$
116,291

 
15%
Direct operating expenses
10,717

 
9,995

 
7%
 
21,345

 
18,059

 
18%
Selling, general and administrative expenses
13,856

 
12,244

 
13%
 
26,950

 
24,165

 
12%
Depreciation and amortization
2,225

 
1,739

 
28%
 
4,213

 
1,943

 
*
Operating income
$
54,273

 
$
46,925

 
16%
 
$
80,660

 
$
72,124

 
12%
Operating margin
66.9
%
 
66.2
%
 
 
 
60.6
%
 
62.0
%
 
 
Adjusted operating income **
$
56,900

 
$
49,029

 
16%
 
$
85,742

 
$
74,784

 
15%
_______
*
Percentages are not meaningful.
**
AOI is defined and reconciled to operating income (loss) below.
Three Months
Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $10.2 million, or 14%, during the three months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $4.3 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $14.5 million, or 20%, primarily due to incremental revenue of $6.1 million from the acquisitions of various festival businesses, higher online advertising and increased international festival sponsorships partially due to the timing of certain festivals.
The increase in Sponsorship & Advertising operating income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by the higher online advertising activity and festival sponsorships and the acquisitions of various festival businesses, partially offset by the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Six Months
Sponsorship & Advertising revenue increased $16.9 million, or 15%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year. Excluding the decrease of $7.6 million related to the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, revenue increased $24.5 million, or 21%, primarily due to higher online advertising activity, incremental revenue of $7.6 million primarily from the acquisitions of various festival businesses and increased international festival sponsorships partially driven by the timing of certain festivals.
Sponsorship & Advertising direct operating expenses increased $3.3 million, or 18%, during the six months ended June 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of the prior year primarily due to incremental direct operating expenses of $2.4 million from the acquisitions discussed above and higher fulfillment costs on certain advertising programs.
The increase in Sponsorship & Advertising operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by higher online advertising activity, increased international festival sponsorships and the acquisitions discussed above, partially offset by the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates.
Reconciliation of Segment Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)
AOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as operating income (loss) before acquisition expenses (including transaction costs, changes in the fair value of accrued acquisition-related contingent consideration arrangements and acquisition-related severance), depreciation and amortization (including goodwill impairment), loss (gain) on disposal of operating assets and non-cash and certain stock-based compensation expense. We use AOI to evaluate the performance of our operating segments. We believe that information about AOI assists investors by allowing them to evaluate changes in the operating results of our portfolio of businesses separate from non-operational factors that affect net income, thus providing insights into both operations and the other factors that affect reported results. AOI is not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP. A limitation of the use of AOI as a performance measure is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain amortizing assets used in generating revenue in our business. Accordingly, AOI should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss), and other measures of financial performance reported in accordance

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with GAAP. Furthermore, this measure may vary among other companies; thus, AOI as presented herein may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of adjusted operating income (loss) to operating income (loss):
 
Adjusted
operating
income
(loss)
 
Non-cash
and stock-
based
compensation
expense
 
Loss (gain)
on disposal of
operating
assets
 
Depreciation
and
amortization
 
Acquisition
expenses
 
Operating
income
(loss)
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concerts
$
37,285

 
$
1,758

 
$
(55
)
 
$
40,033

 
$
1,341

 
$
(5,792
)
Ticketing
73,215

 
642

 
(30
)
 
35,561

 
448

 
36,594

Artist Nation
(3,223
)
 
1,226

 

 
10,756

 
1,104

 
(16,309
)
Sponsorship & Advertising
56,900

 
402

 

 
2,225

 

 
54,273

Other and Eliminations
(148
)
 

 

 
(510
)
 

 
362

Corporate
(22,305
)
 
4,037

 
9

 
506

 
26

 
(26,883
)
Total
$
141,724

 
$
8,065

 
$
(76
)
 
$
88,571

 
$
2,919

 
$
42,245

Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concerts
$
37,143

 
$
1,858

 
$
(3,745
)
 
$
26,189

 
$
456

 
$
12,385

Ticketing
76,554

 
705

 
(43
)
 
40,968

 
58

 
34,866

Artist Nation
3,218

 
5,327

 
1

 
7,665

 
(265
)
 
(9,510
)
Sponsorship & Advertising
49,029

 
365

 

 
1,739

 

 
46,925

Other and Eliminations
(2,525
)
 

 

 
(884
)
 

 
(1,641
)
Corporate
(21,422
)
 
4,295

 

 
542

 
1,080

 
(27,339
)
Total
$
141,997

 
$
12,550

 
$
(3,787
)
 
$
76,219

 
$
1,329

 
$
55,686

Six Months Ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concerts
$
25,637

 
$
3,838

 
$
171

 
$
69,214

 
$
775

 
$
(48,361
)
Ticketing
151,603

 
1,505

 
(179
)
 
78,857

 
595

 
70,825

Artist Nation
(7,990
)
 
2,558

 

 
20,791

 
1,110

 
(32,449
)
Sponsorship & Advertising
85,742

 
869

 

 
4,213

 

 
80,660

Other and Eliminations
(1,743
)
 

 

 
(985
)
 

 
(758
)
Corporate
(41,910
)
 
8,792

 
(29
)
 
1,022

 
(88
)
 
(51,607
)
Total
$
211,339

 
$
17,562

 
$
(37
)
 
$
173,112

 
$
2,392

 
$
18,310

Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Concerts
$
34,506

 
$
3,802

 
$
(3,235
)
 
$
54,709

 
$
783

 
$
(21,553
)
Ticketing
146,571

 
2,872

 
(117
)
 
86,951

 
63

 
56,802

Artist Nation
8,362

 
5,784

 
34

 
15,436

 
188

 
(13,080
)
Sponsorship & Advertising
74,784

 
717

 

 
1,943

 

 
72,124

Other and Eliminations
(2,124
)
 

 

 
(1,373
)
 

 
(751
)
Corporate
(37,498
)
 
9,393

 
37

 
1,141

 
2,095

 
(50,164
)
Total
$
224,601

 
$
22,568

 
$
(3,281
)
 
$
158,807

 
$
3,129

 
$
43,378


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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our working capital requirements and capital for our general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and capital expenditures, are funded from operations or from borrowings under our senior secured credit facility described below. Our cash is centrally managed on a worldwide basis. Our primary short-term liquidity needs are to fund general working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements while our long-term liquidity needs are primarily related to acquisitions and debt repayment. Our primary sources of funds for our short-term liquidity needs will be cash flows from operations and borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, while our long-term sources of funds will be from cash flows from operations, long-term bank borrowings and other debt or equity financings. We may from time to time engage in open market purchases of our outstanding debt securities or redeem or otherwise repay such debt.
Our balance sheet reflects cash and cash equivalents of $1.5 billion at June 30, 2015 and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2014. Included in the June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 cash and cash equivalents balances are $618.3 million and $533.8 million, respectively, of cash received that includes the face value of tickets sold on behalf of ticketing clients and their share of service charges that we refer to as client cash. We generally do not utilize client cash for our own financing or investing activities as the amounts are payable to clients on a regular basis. Our foreign subsidiaries held approximately $543.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, excluding client cash, at June 30, 2015. We generally do not intend to repatriate these funds, but if we did, we would need to accrue and pay United States federal and state income taxes on any future repatriations, net of applicable foreign tax credits. We may from time to time enter into borrowings under our revolving credit facility. If the original maturity of these borrowings is 90 days or less, we present the borrowings and subsequent repayments on a net basis in the statement of cash flows to better represent our financing activities. Our balance sheet reflects total debt of $2.0 billion at each of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Our weighted-average cost of debt, excluding unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs and including the debt premium on our term loans and notes, was 4.3% at June 30, 2015.
Our cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions and consist of cash in our operating accounts and invested cash. Cash held in interest-bearing operating accounts in many cases exceeds the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The invested cash is in interest-bearing funds consisting primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. While we monitor cash and cash equivalent balances in our operating accounts on a regular basis and adjust the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our cash and cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurances that access to our cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets.
For our Concerts segment, we generally receive cash related to ticket revenue at our owned or operated venues in advance of the event, which is recorded in deferred revenue until the event occurs. With the exception of some upfront costs and artist deposits, which are recorded in prepaid expenses until the event occurs, we pay the majority of event-related expenses at or after the event.
We view our available cash as cash and cash equivalents, less ticketing-related client cash, less event-related deferred revenue, less accrued expenses due to artists and cash collected on behalf of others, plus event-related prepaid expenses. This is essentially our cash available to, among other things, repay debt balances, make acquisitions and finance capital expenditures.
Our intra-year cash fluctuations are impacted by the seasonality of our various businesses. Examples of seasonal effects include our Concerts and Artist Nation segments, which report the majority of their revenue in the second and third quarters. Cash inflows and outflows depend on the timing of event-related payments but the majority of the inflows generally occur prior to the event. See “—Seasonality” below. We believe that we have sufficient financial flexibility to fund these fluctuations and to access the global capital markets on satisfactory terms and in adequate amounts, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case, and capital could be less accessible and/or more costly given current economic conditions. We expect cash flows from operations and borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, along with other financing alternatives, to satisfy working capital requirements, capital expenditures and debt service requirements for at least the succeeding year.
We may need to incur additional debt or issue equity to make other strategic acquisitions or investments. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. We may make significant acquisitions in the near term, subject to limitations imposed by our financing agreements and market conditions.
The lenders under our revolving loans and counterparties to our interest rate hedge agreements consist of banks and other third-party financial institutions. While we currently have no indications or expectations that such lenders and counterparties will be unable to fund their commitments as required, we can provide no assurances that future funding availability will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial markets. Should an individual lender default on its obligations, the remaining lenders would not be required to fund the shortfall, resulting in a reduction in the total amount available to us for future borrowings, but would remain obligated to fund their own commitments. Should any counterparty to our interest rate hedge agreements default on its obligations, we could experience higher interest rate volatility during the period of any such default.

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Sources of Cash
Senior Secured Credit Facility
At June 30, 2015, our senior secured credit facility consists of (i) a $115 million term loan A, (ii) a $950 million term loan B and (iii) a $335 million revolving credit facility. In addition, subject to certain conditions, we have the right to increase such facilities by at least $450 million or a greater amount so long as the senior secured leverage ratio calculated on a pro-forma basis (as defined in the credit agreement) is no greater than 3.25x. The revolving credit facility provides for borrowings up to the amount of the facility with sublimits of up to (i) $150 million to be available for the issuance of letters of credit, (ii) $50 million to be available for swingline loans, (iii) $150 million to be available for borrowings in Euros or British Pounds and (iv) $50 million to be available for borrowings in one or more other approved currencies. The senior secured credit facility is secured by (i) a first priority lien on substantially all of our tangible and intangible personal property of the domestic subsidiaries that are guarantors and (ii) a pledge of substantially all of the shares of stock, partnership interests and limited liability company interests of our direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of each class of capital stock of any first-tier foreign subsidiaries.
The interest rates per annum applicable to revolving credit facility loans and term loan A under the senior secured credit facility are, at our option, equal to either LIBOR plus 2.25% or a base rate plus 1.25%, subject to stepdowns based on our net leverage ratio. The interest rates per annum applicable to the term loan B are, at our option, equal to either LIBOR plus 2.75% or a base rate plus 1.75%, subject to a LIBOR floor of 0.75% and a base rate floor of 1.75%. We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.5% per year on the undrawn portion available under the revolving credit facility, subject to stepdowns based on our net leverage ratio, and variable fees on outstanding letters of credit.
For the term loan A, we are required to make quarterly payments increasing over time from $2.9 million to $13.8 million with the balance due at maturity in August 2018. For the term loan B, we are required to make quarterly payments of $2.4 million with the balance due at maturity in August 2020. The revolving credit facility matures in August 2018. We are also required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the credit agreement, subject to specified exceptions, from excess cash flow, and with the proceeds of asset sales, debt issuances and specified other events.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we made principal payments totaling $10.5 million on these term loans. At June 30, 2015, the outstanding balances on these term loans, excluding discounts and debt issuance costs, were $1.0 billion. There were no borrowings under the revolving credit facility as of June 30, 2015. Based on our letters of credit of $85.0 million, $250.0 million was available for future borrowings as of that same date.
Debt Covenants
Our senior secured credit facility contains a number of covenants and restrictions that, among other things, requires us to satisfy certain financial covenants and restricts our and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, make certain investments and acquisitions, repurchase our stock and prepay certain indebtedness, create liens, enter into agreements with affiliates, modify the nature of our business, enter into sale-leaseback transactions, transfer and sell material assets, merge or consolidate, and pay dividends and make distributions (with the exception of subsidiary dividends or distributions to the parent company or other subsidiaries on at least a pro-rata basis with any noncontrolling interest partners). Non-compliance with one or more of the covenants and restrictions could result in the full or partial principal balance of the credit facility becoming immediately due and payable. The senior secured credit facility agreement has one covenant, measured quarterly, that relates to total leverage. The consolidated total leverage covenant requires us to maintain a ratio of consolidated total funded debt to consolidated EBITDA (both as defined in the credit agreement) of 5.0x over the trailing four consecutive quarters through September 30, 2015. The consolidated total leverage ratio will reduce to 4.75x on December 31, 2015 and 4.50x on December 31, 2016.
The indentures governing our 7% senior notes and 5.375% senior notes contain covenants that limit, among other things, our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur certain additional indebtedness and issue preferred stock, make certain distributions, investments and other restricted payments, sell certain assets, agree to any restrictions on the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make payments to us, merge, consolidate or sell all of our assets, create certain liens, and engage in transactions with affiliates on terms that are not on an arms-length basis. Certain covenants, including those pertaining to incurrence of indebtedness, restricted payments, asset sales, mergers, and transactions with affiliates will be suspended during any period in which the notes are rated investment grade by both rating agencies and no default or event of default under the indenture has occurred and is continuing. The 7% senior notes and the 5.375% senior notes contain two incurrence-based financial covenants, as defined, requiring a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 2.0x and a maximum secured indebtedness leverage ratio of 3.25x for the 7% senior notes and 3.50x for the 5.375% senior notes.
Some of our other subsidiary indebtedness includes restrictions on entering into various transactions, such as acquisitions and disposals, and prohibits payment of ordinary dividends. They also have financial covenants including minimum

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consolidated EBITDA to consolidated net interest payable, minimum consolidated cash flow to consolidated debt service and maximum consolidated debt to consolidated EBITDA, all as defined in the applicable debt agreements.
As of June 30, 2015, we believe we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. We expect to remain in compliance with all of our debt covenants throughout 2015.
Uses of Cash
Acquisitions
When we make acquisitions, the acquired entity may have cash at the time of acquisition. All amounts discussed in this section are presented net of any cash acquired. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we used $69.2 million of cash primarily for the acquisitions of controlling interests in two festival promoters located in the United States and Sweden in our Concerts segment and the acquisition of a ticketing business located in the United States in our Ticketing segment. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, we used $24.5 million of cash primarily for two acquisitions of artist management businesses located in the United States in our Artist Nation segment.
Capital Expenditures
Venue and ticketing operations are capital intensive businesses, requiring continual investment in our existing venues and ticketing systems in order to address fan, client and artist expectations, technological industry advances and various federal, state and/or local regulations.
We categorize capital outlays between maintenance capital expenditures and revenue generating capital expenditures. Maintenance capital expenditures are associated with the renewal and improvement of existing venues and technology systems, web development and administrative offices. Revenue generating capital expenditures generally relate to the construction of new venues, major renovations to existing buildings or buildings that are being added to our venue network, the development of new online or ticketing tools and technology enhancements. Revenue generating capital expenditures can also include smaller projects whose purpose is to increase revenue and/or improve operating income. Capital expenditures typically increase during periods when venues are not in operation since that is the time that such improvements can be completed.
Our capital expenditures, including accruals but excluding expenditures funded by outside parties such as landlords or replacements funded by insurance companies, consisted of the following:
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014 (1)
 
(in thousands)
Maintenance capital expenditures
$
32,328

 
$
23,751

Revenue generating capital expenditures
31,270

 
37,136

Total capital expenditures
$
63,598

 
$
60,887

___________
(1) Approximately $8.6 million of expenditures in 2014 have been reclassified between categories from amounts previously reported. The total capital expenditures are unchanged.

Maintenance capital expenditures during the first six months of 2015 increased from the same period of the prior year primarily associated with technology enhancements.
Revenue generating capital expenditures during the first six months of 2015 decreased from the same period of the prior year primarily due to reduced expenditures related to the re-platforming of our ticketing system and development of our integrated resale and primary product.
We currently expect capital expenditures to be approximately $150 million for the full year 2015.

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Cash Flows
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
(in thousands)
Cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
357,154

 
$
340,306

Investing activities
$
(163,941
)
 
$
(95,481
)
Financing activities
$
(27,040
)
 
$
484,199

Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $357.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $340.3 million for the same period of the prior year. The $16.8 million increase in cash provided by operating activities resulted primarily from net changes in the event-related operating accounts which vary depending on the timing of ticket sales along with the size and number of future events. During the first six months of 2015, we received more cash for future events which increased deferred revenue, partially offset by higher payments for event-related expenses as compared to the same period of the prior year.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities was $163.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $95.5 million for the same period of the prior year. The $68.5 million increase in cash used in investing activities is primarily due to higher acquisition activity, increased loans and higher investments in nonconsolidated affiliates as compared to the same period of the prior year. See “—Uses of Cash” above for further discussion.
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities was $27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $484.2 million for the same period of the prior year. The $511.2 million increase in cash used in financing activities is primarily a result of proceeds received in 2014 from the issuance of the 5.375% senior notes and 2.5% convertible senior notes.
Seasonality
Our Concerts, Artist Nation and Sponsorship & Advertising segments typically experience higher operating income in the second and third quarters as our outdoor venues and festivals are primarily used in or occur from May through September, and our artist touring activity is higher. In addition, the timing of when tickets are sold and the tours of top-grossing acts can impact comparability of quarterly results year over year, although annual results may not be impacted. Our Ticketing segment sales are impacted by fluctuations in the availability of events for sale to the public, which vary depending upon scheduling by our clients.
Cash flows from our Concerts segment typically have a slightly different seasonality as payments are often made for artist performance fees and production costs for tours in advance of the date the related event tickets go on sale. These artist fees and production costs are expensed when the event occurs. Once tickets for an event go on sale, we generally begin to receive payments from ticket sales at our owned or operated venues in advance of when the event occurs. We record these ticket sales as revenue when the event occurs.
Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in market rates and prices, including movements in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates.
Foreign Currency Risk
We have operations in countries throughout the world. The financial results of our foreign operations are measured in their local currencies. As a result, our reported financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in the foreign markets in which we have operations. Currently, we do not operate in any hyper-inflationary countries. Our foreign operations reported operating income of $30.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. We estimate that a 10% change in the value of the United States dollar relative to foreign currencies would change our operating income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 by $3.1 million. As of June 30, 2015, our primary foreign exchange exposure included the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar. This analysis does not consider the implication such currency fluctuations could have on the overall economic conditions of the United States or other foreign

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countries in which we operate or on the results of operations of our foreign entities. In addition, the reported carrying value of our assets and liabilities, including the total cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign operations, will also be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the United States dollar strengthened overall against the currencies of most countries in which we operate, which had an unfavorable impact on operating income of $7.6 million from the translation of these foreign earnings into United States dollars.  During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the foreign exchange rates for the Euro, British Pound, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar declined 18%, 9%, 14% and 11%, respectively, against the United States dollar as compared to the same period of the prior year.
We primarily use forward currency contracts in addition to options to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk associated with short-term artist fee commitments. We also may enter into forward currency contracts to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted operating income. At June 30, 2015, we had forward currency contracts and options outstanding with a notional amount of $116.6 million.
Interest Rate Risk
Our market risk is also affected by changes in interest rates. We had $2.1 billion of total debt, excluding discounts, debt issuance costs and premium, outstanding as of June 30, 2015. Of the total amount, taking into consideration existing interest rate hedges, we had $1.0 billion of fixed-rate debt and $1.1 billion of floating-rate debt.
Based on the amount of our floating-rate debt as of June 30, 2015, each 25-basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would increase or decrease our annual interest expense and cash outlay by approximately $2.7 million when the floor rate is not applicable. This potential increase or decrease is based on the simplified assumption that the level of floating-rate debt remains constant with an immediate across-the-board increase or decrease as of June 30, 2015 with no subsequent change in rates for the remainder of the period.
We have two interest rate swap agreements with a $20.5 million aggregate notional amount at June 30, 2015, that effectively convert a portion of our floating-rate debt to a fixed-rate basis. Both agreements expire in December 2015. These interest rate swap agreements have not been designated as hedging instruments. Therefore, any change in fair value is recorded in earnings during the period of change.
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges is as follows:
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Year Ended December 31,
2015
 
2014
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
*
 
*
 
*
 
*
 
*
 
*
*
For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, fixed charges exceeded earnings before income taxes and fixed charges by $43.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011, fixed charges exceeded earnings before income taxes and fixed charges by $104.0 million, $6.0 million, $142.1 million and $104.4 million, respectively.
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was computed on a total company basis. Earnings represent income before income taxes less equity in undistributed net income (loss) of nonconsolidated affiliates plus fixed charges. Fixed charges represent interest, amortization of debt discount, debt issuance costs and premium and the estimated interest portion of rental charges. Rental charges exclude variable rent expense for events in third-party venues.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Pronouncements
In April 2014, the FASB issued guidance that raises the threshold for a disposal to qualify as a discontinued operation and requires new disclosures of both discontinued operations and certain other disposals that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2015 and will apply it to disposals occurring on or after January 1, 2015.
In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs. The guidance requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within that year. The guidance should be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted and we adopted this guidance on January 1, 2015.

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Recently Issued Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The new standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized. The core principle of the guidance is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption of the standard is not permitted. The guidance should be applied retrospectively, either to each prior period presented in the financial statements, or only to the most current reporting period presented in the financial statements with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. In July 2015, the FASB affirmed its proposal to defer the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard by one year. The FASB also affirmed its proposal to allow early adoption of the standard, but not before the original effective date. Assuming final guidance is issued deferring the effective date, we will adopt this standard on January 1, 2018, and we are currently assessing which implementation method we will apply and the impact its adoption will have on our financial position and results of operations.
In April 2015, the FASB amended its guidance on internal-use software providing guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The amendments to this guidance are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied either prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after the effective date or retrospectively. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2016, and we are currently assessing which implementation method we will apply and the impact its adoption will have on our financial position and results of operations.
In February 2015, the FASB issued amendments to the consolidation guidance that makes changes to the analysis a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied either using a modified retrospective approach or retrospectively. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2016, and we are currently assessing which implementation method we will apply and the impact its adoption will have on our financial position and results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates that are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such difference could be material.
Management believes that the accounting estimates involved in business combinations, impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, revenue recognition, litigation accruals and income taxes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical accounting estimates, the judgments and assumptions and the effect if actual results differ from these assumptions are described in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2015.
There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Required information is within Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Market Risk.
 

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to our company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to the officers who certify our financial reports and to other members of senior management and our board of directors.
Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2015, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are effective to ensure that (1) the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (2) the information we are required to disclose in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible errors and fraud. Our disclosure controls and procedures are, however, designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found in Part I Financial InformationItem 1. Financial StatementsNote 4Commitments and Contingent Liabilities.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Part 1Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2015, describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business which have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. We do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
The information in the Exhibit Index of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated into this Item 6 by reference.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on August 10, 2015.
 
LIVE NATION ENTERTAINMENT, INC.
 
 
By:
/s/ Brian Capo
 
Brian Capo
 
Chief Accounting Officer (Duly Authorized Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
Exhibit Description
 
Incorporated by Reference
Filed
Here
with
Exhibit
No.
 
Form
 
File No.
 
Exhibit No.
 
Filing Date
 
3.1
 
Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.
 
8-K
 
001-32601
 
3.1
 
6/7/2013
 
 
3.2
 
Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.
 
8-K
 
001-32601
 
3.2
 
6/7/2013
 
 
10.1
 
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. 2006 Annual Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of March 19, 2015
 
8-K
 
001-32601
 
10.1
 
6/11/2015
 
 
10.2
 
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of March 19, 2015
 
8-K
 
001-32601
 
10.2
 
6/11/2015
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
32.1
 
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
32.2
 
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X

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