Luther Burbank Corp - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-38317

Luther Burbank Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						68-0270948 (I.R.S. employer identification number)

520 Third St, Fourth Floor, Santa Rosa, California (Address of principal executive offices)						95401 (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (844) 446-8201

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of Each Class

Trading Symbol

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common stock, no par value

LBC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☒

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller Reporting Company

☒

Emerging Growth Company

☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes ☐ No x

As of October 30, 2020, there were 52,409,960 shares of the registrant’s common stock, no par value, outstanding.

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		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity	6
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	63
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	66
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	67
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	67
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	70
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	70
Item 5.	Other Information	70
Item 6.	Exhibits	71
	Signatures	72

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Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” and other similar expressions in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. With respect to any such forward-looking statements, the Company claims the protection of the safe harbor provided for in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. The Company cautions investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or those that the Company may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on the beliefs of, assumptions made by, and information available to, management at the time such statements are first made. Actual outcomes will be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond the Company’s control or ability to predict. Although the Company believes that management’s beliefs and assumptions are reasonable, they are not guarantees of future performance and some will inevitably prove to be incorrect. As a result, the Company’s actual future results can be expected to differ from management’s expectations, and those differences may be material and adverse to the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Accordingly, investors should use caution in placing any reliance on forward-looking statements to anticipate future results or trends.

The coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic is adversely affecting us, our customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the ultimate extent of the impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations, liquidity, and prospects is uncertain. Continued deterioration in general business and economic conditions, including further increases in unemployment rates, or turbulence in domestic or global financial markets could adversely affect our revenues and the values of our assets and liabilities, reduce the availability of funding, lead to a tightening of credit, and further increase stock price volatility. In addition, changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices as a result of, or in response to COVID-19, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Some of the other risks and uncertainties that may cause the Company’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed include, but are not limited to, the following: the impact of changes in interest rates; political instability; changes in the monetary policies of the U.S. Government; a decline in economic conditions; deterioration in the value of West Coast real estate, both residential and commercial; an increase in the level of non-performing assets and charge-offs; further increased competition among financial institutions; the Company’s ability to continue to attract deposits and quality loan customers; further government regulation, including regulations regarding capital requirements, and the implementation and costs associated with the same; internal and external fraud and cyber-security threats including the loss of bank or customer funds, loss of system functionality or the theft or loss of data; management’s ability to successfully manage the Company’s operations; and the other risks set forth in the Company’s reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. For further discussion of these and other factors, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to the Company or any person acting on behalf of the Company are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. The Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date such forward-looking statements are made, and hereby specifically disclaims any intention to do so, unless required by law.

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PART I.

Item 1. Financial Statements

LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	September 30, 2020 (unaudited)		December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	214,066	$	91,325

Available for sale debt securities, at fair value	623,499		625,074
Held to maturity debt securities, at amortized cost (fair value of $8,393 and $10,349 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	7,990		10,170
Equity securities, at fair value	12,070		11,782

Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses of $46,063 and $36,001 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	6,102,438		6,194,976
Accrued interest receivable	19,894		20,814
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock, at cost	29,612		30,342
Premises and equipment, net	18,750		19,504
Goodwill	3,297		3,297
Prepaid expenses and other assets	40,047		38,544
Total assets	$	7,071,663	$	7,045,828

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	5,276,680	$	5,234,717
FHLB advances	961,747		978,702
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	61,857		61,857
Senior debt
$95,000 face amount, 6.5% interest rate, due September 30, 2024 (less debt issuance costs of $491 and $584 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	94,509		94,416
Accrued interest payable	1,254		2,901
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	66,783		58,771
Total liabilities	6,462,830		6,431,364

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)

Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	—		—
Common stock, no par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 52,410,053 and 55,999,754 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	415,115		447,784
Retained earnings	187,147		165,236
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes	6,571		1,444
Total stockholders' equity	608,833		614,464
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	7,071,663	$	7,045,828

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest and fee income:
Loans	$	56,766	$	64,010	$	175,661	$	186,078
Investment securities	2,167		3,900		7,787		11,943
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	83		766		454		1,688
Total interest and fee income	59,016		68,676		183,902		199,709
Interest expense:
Deposits	15,744		27,927		60,146		78,686
FHLB advances	5,307		5,983		16,550		19,165
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	279		604		1,104		1,888
Senior debt	1,574		1,577		4,727		4,725
Total interest expense	22,904		36,091		82,527		104,464
Net interest income before provision for (reversal of) loan losses	36,112		32,585		101,375		95,245
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	—		(500)		10,550		250
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) loan losses	36,112		33,085		90,825		94,995
Noninterest income:
Gain on sale of loans	—		77		—		607
FHLB dividends	368		557		1,277		1,604
Other income	219		359		779		1,650
Total noninterest income	587		993		2,056		3,861
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and related benefits	11,408		9,191		32,913		27,857
Deposit insurance premium	482		—		1,429		985
Professional and regulatory fees	431		521		1,316		1,419
Occupancy	1,156		1,425		3,397		4,214
Depreciation and amortization	673		672		2,029		2,001
Data processing	999		945		3,004		2,809
Marketing	306		1,217		1,511		3,442
Other expenses	919		2,098		2,982		4,300
Total noninterest expense	16,374		16,069		48,581		47,027
Income before provision for income taxes	20,325		18,009		44,300		51,829
Provision for income taxes	6,008		5,273		13,089		15,425
Net income	$	14,317	$	12,736	$	31,211	$	36,404

Basic earnings per common share	$	0.28	$	0.23	$	0.58	$	0.65
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.27	$	0.23	$	0.58	$	0.65
Dividends per common share	$	0.06	$	0.06	$	0.17	$	0.17

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	14,317	$	12,736	$	31,211	$	36,404
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain on available for sale debt securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period	(1)		1,183		7,222		9,156

Tax effect	6		(344)		(2,095)		(2,653)
Net of tax	5		839		5,127		6,503
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedge:
Unrealized holding gain arising during the period	—		—		—		147
Tax effect	—		—		—		(43)
Net of tax	—		—		—		104
Total other comprehensive income	5		839		5,127		6,607
Comprehensive income	$	14,322	$	13,575	$	36,338	$	43,011

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)


						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Net of Taxes)		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Available for Sale Securities
	Shares	Amount
Balance, June 30, 2019	55,982,491	$	449,825	$	146,514	$	1,128		$	597,467

Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		12,736		—			12,736
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		839			839


Settled restricted stock units	377,728	—		—		—			—
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation	(178,403)	(1,972)		—		—			(1,972)
Restricted stock forfeitures	(36,045)	(89)		8		—			(81)
Stock based compensation expense	—	786		—		—			786
Shares repurchased	(111,000)	(1,161)		—		—			(1,161)
Cash dividends ($0.06 per share)	—	—		(3,242)		—			(3,242)
Balance, September 30, 2019	56,034,771	$	447,389	$	156,016	$	1,967		$	605,372

Balance, June 30, 2020	52,382,895	$	414,264	$	175,852	$	6,566		$	596,682

Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		14,317		—			14,317
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		5			5
Issuance of restricted stock awards	11,604	—		—		—			—
Settled restricted stock units	24,188	—		—		—			—
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation	(7,797)	(75)		—		—			(75)
Restricted stock forfeitures	(837)	(5)		—		—			(5)
Stock based compensation expense	—	931		—		—			931

Cash dividends ($0.06 per share)	—	—		(3,022)		—			(3,022)
Balance, September 30, 2020	52,410,053	$	415,115	$	187,147	$	6,571		$	608,833

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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						Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Net of Taxes)				Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock			Retained Earnings		Available for Sale Securities		Cash Flow Hedge
	Shares	Amount
Balance, December 31, 2018	56,379,066	$	456,378	$	129,806	$	(4,935)	$	(104)	$	581,145

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principal (1)	—	—		(399)		399		—		—
Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		36,404		—		—		36,404
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		6,503		104		6,607

Issuance of restricted stock awards	321,784	—		—		—		—		—
Settled restricted stock units	499,707	—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation	(223,044)	(2,409)		—		—		—		(2,409)
Restricted stock forfeitures	(72,041)	(220)		18		—		—		(202)
Stock based compensation expense	—	2,431		—		—		—		2,431
Shares repurchased	(870,701)	(8,791)		—		—		—		(8,791)
Cash dividends ($0.17 per share)	—	—		(9,813)		—		—		(9,813)
Balance, September 30, 2019	56,034,771	$	447,389	$	156,016	$	1,967	$	—	$	605,372

Balance, December 31, 2019	55,999,754	$	447,784	$	165,236	$	1,444	$	—	$	614,464

Comprehensive income:
Net income	—	—		31,211		—		—		31,211
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		5,127		—		5,127
Issuance of restricted stock awards	261,722	—		—		—		—		—
Settled restricted stock units	94,408	—		—		—		—		—
Shares withheld to pay taxes on stock based compensation	(64,361)	(666)		—		—		—		(666)
Restricted stock forfeitures	(29,661)	(31)		8		—		—		(23)
Stock based compensation expense	—	2,742		—		—		—		2,742
Shares repurchased	(3,851,809)	(34,714)		—		—		—		(34,714)
Cash dividends ($0.17 per share)	—	—		(9,308)		—		—		(9,308)
Balance, September 30, 2020	52,410,053	$	415,115	$	187,147	$	6,571	$	—	$	608,833

(1) Represents the impact of adopting Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01. See Note 3 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for further information.

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	31,211	$	36,404
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,029		2,001
Provision for loan losses	10,550		250
Amortization of deferred loan costs, net	11,785		10,386
Amortization of premiums on investment securities, net	2,447		1,039
Gain on sale of loans	—		(607)


Stock based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	2,711		2,211

Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights	807		652
Change in fair value of equity securities	(288)		(399)

Loss on disposition of leasehold improvements	—		1,120
Other items, net	331		(383)
Effect of changes in:
Accrued interest receivable	920		(1,338)
Accrued interest payable	(1,647)		(969)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4,134)		(2,040)
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	(3,780)		5,770
Net cash provided by operating activities	52,942		54,097
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities, paydowns and calls of available for sale debt securities	188,270		55,523
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of held to maturity debt securities	2,096		1,216
Proceeds from sales of available for sale debt securities	—		1,000
Purchases of available for sale debt securities	(181,837)		(71,694)

Net decrease (increase) in loans receivable	101,994		(190,602)
Proceeds from loans held for sale previously classified as portfolio loans	—		62,235
Purchase of loans	(20,507)		(10,052)
Redemption of FHLB stock, net	730		1,480
Purchase of premises and equipment	(1,275)		(663)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	89,471		(151,557)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	41,963		360,962
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances	136,500		375,100
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances	(151,955)		(375,022)
Net change in short-term FHLB advances	(1,500)		(166,000)
Shares withheld for taxes on vested restricted stock	(666)		(2,409)
Shares repurchased	(34,714)		(8,791)
Cash paid for dividends	(9,300)		(9,795)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(19,672)		174,045
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	122,741		76,585
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	91,325		91,697
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	214,066	$	168,282
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	84,174	$	105,433
Income taxes	$	15,069	$	14,125
Non-cash investing activity:

Loans transferred to held for sale	$	—	$	61,751

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Organization

Luther Burbank Corporation (the ‘‘Company’’), a California corporation headquartered in Santa Rosa, is the bank holding company for its wholly-owned subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings (the "Bank"), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Burbank Investor Services. The Company also owns Burbank Financial Inc., a real estate investment company, and all the common interests in Luther Burbank Statutory Trusts I and II, entities created to issue trust preferred securities.

The Bank conducts its business from its headquarters in Gardena, California. It has ten full service branches in California located in Sonoma, Marin, Santa Clara, and Los Angeles Counties and one full service branch in Washington located in King County. Additionally, there are seven loan production offices located throughout California, as well as a loan production office in Clackamas County, Oregon.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all footnotes as would be necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). However, these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and to general practices within the banking industry.

Use of Estimates

Management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The estimates utilized to determine the appropriate allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2020 may be materially different from actual results due to the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reclassifications

Certain prior balances in the unaudited consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to

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conform to current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity.

Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

Basic earnings per common share represents the amount of earnings for the period available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Basic EPS is computed based upon net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. In determining the weighted average number of shares outstanding, vested restricted stock units are included. Diluted EPS represents the amount of earnings for the period available to each share of common stock outstanding including common stock that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares for all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during each reporting period. Diluted EPS is computed based upon net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period, adjusted for the effect of dilutive potential common shares, such as restricted stock awards and units, calculated using the treasury stock method.


(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	14,317	$	12,736	$	31,211	$	36,404

Weighted average basic common shares outstanding	52,001,097		55,654,429		53,359,460		56,094,285
Add: Dilutive effects of assumed vesting of restricted stock	156,106		273,104		118,309		219,587
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	52,157,203		55,927,533		53,477,769		56,313,872

Income per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.28	$	0.23	$	0.58	$	0.65
Diluted EPS	$	0.27	$	0.23	$	0.58	$	0.65
Anti-dilutive shares not included in calculation of diluted earnings per share	26		4,398		17,623		4,381

Qualified Affordable Housing Project Investments

During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company invested in a qualified affordable housing project that is expected to provide federal and California state tax credits in the future. This investment is accounted for using the proportional amortization method. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company committed to invest $4.8 million, of which $1.6 million has been funded at September 30, 2020, and was included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition. The total unfunded commitment related to the investment totaled $3.3 million at September 30, 2020 and was included in other liabilities and accrued expenses in the unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition. Unfunded commitments are expected to be paid by the Company no later than 2023. During both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized amortization expense of $21 thousand and tax benefits related to the investment of $28 thousand. Amortization expense and tax benefits are included in the provision for income taxes in the unaudited consolidated statement of income.

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2. COVID-19

In late March 2020, the Company implemented a loan modification program that permits borrowers who have been financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and are unable to service their loans, to defer loan payments for a specified period of time. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had modified 269 current outstanding loans with an aggregate principal balance of $397.5 million, representing 6.5% of the Company's loan portfolio. Of these loans, 222 loans with an aggregate principal balance totaling $322.1 million as of September 30, 2020 have returned, or the borrower has indicated they intend to return, to payments following their respective modification period. Excluded from the modified loan amounts above, 15 loans totaling $24.0 million have paid off subsequent to modification as of September 30, 2020. Modified loans under this program have generally been downgraded to a Watch risk rating at the time of their respective modifications. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a loan loss reserve of $10.2 million in connection with the potential credit impact from the pandemic. See Note 4 for further discussion regarding loan risk ratings and the Company's allowance for loan losses.

In conjunction with the passage of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), as well as the revised interagency guidance issued in April 2020, "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working With Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)", banks have been provided the option, for loans meeting specific criteria, to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs") for a limited time to account for the effects of COVID-19. As a result, the Company is not recognizing eligible COVID-19 loan modifications as TDRs. Additionally, loans qualifying for these modifications are not required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification. Through the date of this filing, the Company has not experienced any loan charge-offs caused by the economic impact from COVID-19. Management has evaluated events related to COVID-19 that have occurred subsequent to September 30, 2020 and has concluded there are no matters that would require recognition in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Available for Sale

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and the estimated fair value of available for sale debt securities as of the dates indicated:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
At September 30, 2020:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential mortgage backed securities ('MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs")	$	231,925	$	3,977	$	(62)	$	235,840
Commercial MBS and CMOs	366,948		6,224		(893)		372,279
Agency bonds	15,367		58		(45)		15,380
Total available for sale debt securities	$	614,240	$	10,259	$	(1,000)	$	623,499
At December 31, 2019:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs	$	145,333	$	340	$	(481)	$	145,192
Commercial MBS and CMOs	353,727		3,267		(825)		356,169
Agency bonds	123,977		59		(323)		123,713

Total available for sale debt securities	$	623,037	$	3,666	$	(1,629)	$	625,074

Net unrealized gains on available for sale investment securities are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity and totaled $6.6 million and $1.4 million, net of $2.7 million and $593 thousand in tax liabilities, at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were no sales or transfers of available for sale investment securities and no realized gains or losses

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on these securities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold its U.S. Treasury security at its amortized cost.

The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses and fair value of available for sale debt securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:


	September 30, 2020
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs	$	15,931	$	(59)	$	4,620	$	(3)	$	20,551	$	(62)
Commercial MBS and CMOs	122,166		(428)		59,258		(465)		181,424		(893)
Agency bonds	12,323		(45)		—		—		12,323		(45)
Total available for sale debt securities	$	150,420	$	(532)	$	63,878	$	(468)	$	214,298	$	(1,000)

At September 30, 2020, the Company held 86 residential MBS and CMOs of which 13 were in a loss position and six had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held 46 commercial MBS and CMOs of which 22 were in a loss position and nine had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held three agency bonds of which two were in a loss position and none had been in a loss position for twelve months or more.


	December 31, 2019
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs	$	43,623	$	(181)	$	54,870	$	(300)	$	98,493	$	(481)
Commercial MBS and CMOs	95,950		(339)		57,219		(486)		153,169		(825)
Agency bonds	29,471		(86)		87,405		(237)		116,876		(323)

Total available for sale debt securities	$	169,044	$	(606)	$	199,494	$	(1,023)	$	368,538	$	(1,629)

At December 31, 2019, the Company held 76 residential MBS and CMOs of which 45 were in a loss position and 25 had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held 42 commercial MBS and CMOs of which 19 were in a loss position and eight had been in a loss position for twelve months or more. The Company held 15 agency bonds of which 12 were in a loss position and nine had been in a loss position for twelve months or more.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments were caused by interest rate changes. In addition, the contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by the U.S. government or agencies sponsored by the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at a price less than amortized cost. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates but not credit quality, and because the Company has the ability and intent to hold those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders' equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies.

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Held to Maturity

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of held to maturity investment securities as of the dates indicated:


(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrecognized Gains		Gross Unrecognized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
As of September 30, 2020:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS	$	7,912	$	403	$	—	$	8,315
Other investments	78		—		—		78
Total held to maturity investment securities	$	7,990	$	403	$	—	$	8,393
As of December 31, 2019:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS	$	10,087	$	205	$	(26)	$	10,266
Other investments	83		—		—		83
Total held to maturity investment securities	$	10,170	$	205	$	(26)	$	10,349

The following table summarizes the gross unrecognized losses and fair value of held to maturity investment securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrecognized loss position:


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses		Fair Value		Unrecognized Losses



As of December 31, 2019:
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS	$	—	$	—	$	2,253	$	(26)	$	2,253	$	(26)

At September 30, 2020, the Company held seven held to maturity residential MBS and none were in a loss position. At December 31, 2019, the Company held seven held to maturity residential MBS of which two had been in a loss position for twelve months or more.

The unrecognized losses on the Company’s held to maturity investments at December 31, 2019 were caused by interest rate changes. In addition, the contractual cash flows of these investments are guaranteed by agencies sponsored by the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at a price less than amortized cost. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates but not credit quality, and because the Company has the ability and intent to hold those investments until maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of available for sale and held to maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2020:


	September 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities


Five to ten years	$	3,491	$	3,483
Beyond ten years	11,876		11,897
MBS and CMOs	598,873		608,119
Total available for sale debt securities	$	614,240	$	623,499
Held to maturity investments securities
Beyond ten years	$	78	$	78
MBS	7,912		8,315
Total held to maturity debt securities	$	7,990	$	8,393

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The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. As such, mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are not included in the maturity categories above and instead are shown separately. No securities were pledged as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Equity Securities

Equity securities consist of investments in the CRA Qualified Investment Fund. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of equity securities totaled $12.1 million and $11.8 million, respectively. Prior to January 1, 2019, equity securities were included with available for sale investment securities and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-01, as of January 1, 2019, $399 thousand of unrealized losses on equity securities were reclassified from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in other noninterest income. There was no change in fair value during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $89 thousand during the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, changes in fair value totaled $288 thousand and $399 thousand, respectively. There were no sales of equity securities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

4. LOANS

Loans consist of the following:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Permanent mortgages on:
Multifamily residential	$	4,086,059	$	3,985,981
Single family residential	1,839,156		2,021,320
Commercial real estate	203,920		203,134
Construction and land loans	19,266		20,442
Non-Mortgage (‘‘NM’’) loans	100		100
Total	6,148,501		6,230,977
Allowance for loan losses	(46,063)		(36,001)
Loans held for investment, net	$	6,102,438	$	6,194,976

Certain loans have been pledged to secure borrowing arrangements (see Note 8).

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The following table summarizes activity in and the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment:


(Dollars in thousands)	Multifamily Residential		Single Family Residential		Commercial Real Estate		Land, Construction and NM		Total
Three months ended September 30, 2020
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	30,837	$	11,628	$	3,305	$	215	$	45,985
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	836		(1,014)		247		(69)		—
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		3		—		75		78
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	31,673	$	10,617	$	3,552	$	221	$	46,063
Three months ended September 30, 2019
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	22,745	$	9,439	$	2,412	$	625	$	35,221
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	408		(415)		115		(608)		(500)
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		2		—		200		202
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	23,153	$	9,026	$	2,527	$	217	$	34,923
Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	23,372	$	10,076	$	2,341	$	212	$	36,001
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	8,301		1,254		1,211		(216)		10,550
Charge-offs	—		(722)		—		—		(722)
Recoveries	—		9		—		225		234
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	31,673	$	10,617	$	3,552	$	221	$	46,063
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	21,326	$	10,125	$	2,441	$	422	$	34,314
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	1,827		(1,108)		86		(555)		250
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		9		—		350		359
Ending balance allocated to portfolio segments	$	23,153	$	9,026	$	2,527	$	217	$	34,923

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The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology:


(Dollars in thousands)	Multifamily Residential		Single Family Residential		Commercial Real Estate		Land, Construction and NM		Total
As of September 30, 2020:
Ending allowance balance allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	25	$	—	$	—	$	25
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	31,673		10,592		3,552		221		46,038
Ending balance	$	31,673	$	10,617	$	3,552	$	221	$	46,063
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	528	$	5,575	$	—	$	—	$	6,103
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	4,085,531		1,833,581		203,920		19,366		6,142,398
Ending balance	$	4,086,059	$	1,839,156	$	203,920	$	19,366	$	6,148,501
As of December 31, 2019:
Ending allowance balance allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	815	$	—	$	—	$	815
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	23,372		9,261		2,341		212		35,186
Ending balance	$	23,372	$	10,076	$	2,341	$	212	$	36,001
Loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	541	$	7,097	$	—	$	—	$	7,638
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	3,985,440		2,014,223		203,134		20,542		6,223,339
Ending balance	$	3,985,981	$	2,021,320	$	203,134	$	20,542	$	6,230,977

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. During these internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, as well as the financial performance and other characteristics of loan collateral. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. The risk ratings can be grouped into six major categories, defined as follows:

Pass assets are those which are performing according to contract and have no existing or known weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. The basic underwriting criteria used to approve the loans are still valid, and all payments have essentially been made as planned.

Watch assets are expected to have an event occurring in the next 90 to 120 days that will lead to a change in risk rating with the change being either favorable or unfavorable. These assets require heightened monitoring of the event by management.

Special mention assets have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard assets are inadequately protected by the current net worth and/or paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. These assets have well-defined weaknesses: the primary source of repayment is gone or severely impaired (i.e., bankruptcy or loss of employment) and/or there has been a deterioration in collateral value. In addition, there is the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss, either directly or indirectly (i.e., the cost of monitoring), if the deficiencies are not corrected. A deterioration in collateral value alone does not mandate that an asset be adversely classified if such factor does not indicate that the primary source of repayment is in jeopardy.

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Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current facts, conditions and values.

Loss assets are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that an asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value; but rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off a basically worthless asset (or portion thereof) even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The following table summarizes the loan portfolio allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The increase in Watch risk rated loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was attributable to the Company's loan modification program in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Watch risk rated loans modified as a result of COVID-19 may remain in the Watch category longer than the typical 90 to 120 day period due to the unusual nature of the loan accommodations provided during the pandemic. See Note 2 for further discussion regarding COVID-19.


(Dollars in thousands)	Multifamily Residential		Single Family Residential		Commercial Real Estate		Land, Construction and NM		Total
As of September 30, 2020:
Grade:
Pass	$	3,795,037	$	1,650,400	$	137,824	$	19,366	$	5,602,627
Watch	263,250		172,167		62,470		—		497,887
Special mention	19,155		11,522		3,626		—		34,303
Substandard	8,617		5,067		—		—		13,684
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,086,059	$	1,839,156	$	203,920	$	19,366	$	6,148,501
As of December 31, 2019:
Grade:
Pass	$	3,917,264	$	1,980,845	$	200,371	$	20,542	$	6,119,022
Watch	47,309		16,432		2,763		—		66,504
Special mention	19,708		13,635		—		—		33,343
Substandard	1,700		8,808		—		—		10,508
Doubtful	—		1,600		—		—		1,600
Total	$	3,985,981	$	2,021,320	$	203,134	$	20,542	$	6,230,977

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The following table summarizes an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by the time past due at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


(Dollars in thousands)	30 Days		60 Days		90+ Days		Non-accrual		Current		Total
As of September 30, 2020:
Loans:
Multifamily residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	528	$	4,085,531	$	4,086,059
Single family residential	2,473		—		—		4,303		1,832,380		1,839,156
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		203,920		203,920
Land, construction and NM	—		—		—		—		19,366		19,366
Total	$	2,473	$	—	$	—	$	4,831	$	6,141,197	$	6,148,501
As of December 31, 2019:
Loans:
Multifamily residential	$	1,411	$	—	$	—	$	541	$	3,984,029	$	3,985,981
Single family residential	4,037		690		—		5,792		2,010,801		2,021,320
Commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		203,134		203,134
Land, construction and NM	—		—		—		—		20,542		20,542
Total	$	5,448	$	690	$	—	$	6,333	$	6,218,506	$	6,230,977

The following table summarizes information related to impaired loans at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	As of September 30, 2020						As of December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Multifamily residential	$	528	$	605	$	—	$	541	$	618	$	—
Single family residential	4,689		5,723		—		4,588		4,915		—


	5,217		6,328		—		5,129		5,533		—
With an allowance recorded:

Single family residential	886		882		25		2,509		2,484		815


	886		882		25		2,509		2,484		815
Total:
Multifamily residential	528		605		—		541		618		—
Single family residential	5,575		6,605		25		7,097		7,399		815


	$	6,103	$	7,210	$	25	$	7,638	$	8,017	$	815

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The following tables summarize information related to impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income		Cash Basis Interest		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income		Cash Basis Interest
With no related allowance recorded:
Multifamily residential	$	530	$	8	$	8	$	7,121	$	9	$	9
Single family residential	4,724		18		14		7,397		48		18


	5,254		26		22		14,518		57		27
With an allowance recorded:

Single family residential	890		10		—		919		12		—


	890		10		—		919		12		—
Total:
Multifamily residential	530		8		8		7,121		9		9
Single family residential	5,614		28		14		8,316		60		18


	$	6,144	$	36	$	22	$	15,437	$	69	$	27


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income		Cash Basis Interest		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income		Cash Basis Interest
With no related allowance recorded:
Multifamily residential	$	535	$	25	$	25	$	3,182	$	21	$	21
Single family residential	4,757		62		48		5,408		143		43


	5,292		87		73		8,590		164		64
With an allowance recorded:

Single family residential	1,377		30		—		1,145		36		—


	1,377		30		—		1,145		36		—
Total:
Multifamily residential	535		25		25		3,182		21		21
Single family residential	6,134		92		48		6,553		179		43


	$	6,669	$	117	$	73	$	9,735	$	200	$	64

The following table summarizes the recorded investment related to TDRs at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Troubled debt restructurings:

Single family residential	$	3,937	$	1,305

The Company has allocated $25 thousand of its allowance for loan losses for loans modified in TDRs at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company does not have commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans whose terms have been modified in TDRs.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company modified the terms of two loans that qualified as TDRs. The following table provides a detail of these modifications:

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(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Contracts	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Troubled debt restructurings:

Single family residential	2	$	2,672	$	2,672

Terms of the two modifications above included suspension of loan payments for six months with eligibility for an extension of the loan term, should previously existing past due amounts be paid in full. Prior to modification, both loans were classified as non-accrual and impaired. The TDRs above resulted in no increase to the allowance for loan losses and no charge offs, primarily due to collateral support provided by the secondary sources of repayment. There were no new TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2020, nor during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Company had no TDRs with a subsequent payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

5. NONPERFORMING ASSETS

Nonperforming assets include nonperforming loans plus real estate owned. The Company’s nonperforming assets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are indicated below:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Non-accrual loans:
Multifamily residential	$	528	$	541
Single family residential	4,303		5,792

Total non-accrual loans	4,831		6,333
Real estate owned	—		—
Total nonperforming assets	$	4,831	$	6,333

Interest income is subsequently recognized on a cash basis as long as the remaining unpaid principal amount of a non-accrual loan is deemed to be fully collectible. If there is doubt regarding the collectability of the loan, then any interest payments received are applied to principal. Interest income was recognized on a cash basis on non-accrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaling $22 thousand and $73 thousand, respectively, compared to $27 thousand and $64 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Contractual interest not recorded on nonperforming loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $47 thousand and $137 thousand, respectively, compared with $133 thousand and $189 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Generally, nonperforming loans are considered impaired because the repayment of the loan will not be made in accordance with the original contractual agreement.

6. MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS

Servicing loans for others generally consists of collecting mortgage payments, maintaining escrow accounts, disbursing payments to investors, and conducting foreclosure proceedings. Loan servicing income is recorded on the accrual basis and includes servicing fees from investors and certain charges collected from borrowers. Mortgage loans serviced for others are not reported as assets. The principal

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balances of these loans are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Mortgage loans serviced for:
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac")	$	274,331	$	379,339
Other financial institutions	106,733		134,140
Total mortgage loans serviced for others	$	381,064	$	513,479

Custodial account balances maintained in connection with serviced loans totaled $7.2 million and $8.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company measures servicing rights at fair value at each reporting date and reports changes in the fair value of servicing assets in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. Activities for mortgage servicing rights are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	2,028	$	3,172	$	2,657	$	3,463
Additions	—		—		—		155
Disposals	—		—		—		—
Change in fair value due to changes in assumptions	—		—		—		—
Other changes in fair value	(178)		(206)		(807)		(652)
Ending balance	$	1,850	$	2,966	$	1,850	$	2,966

Fair value as of September 30, 2020 was determined using a discount rate of 10%, prepayment speeds ranging from 9.3% to 64.6%, depending on the stratification of the specific right, and a weighted average default rate of 5%. The weighted average prepayment speed at September 30, 2020 was 33.1%. Fair value as of December 31, 2019 was determined using a discount rate of 10%, prepayment speeds ranging from 6.0% to 58.7%, depending on the stratification of the specific right, and a weighted average default rate of 5%. The weighted average prepayment speed at December 31, 2019 was 22.8%.

7. DEPOSITS

A summary of deposits at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Time deposits	$	3,153,215	$	3,526,688
Money market savings	1,589,428		1,330,585
Interest-bearing demand	369,056		222,509
Money market checking	86,208		111,338
Noninterest-bearing demand	78,773		43,597
Total	$	5,276,680	$	5,234,717

The Company had time deposits with a denomination of $100 thousand or more totaling $2.6 billion at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company had time deposits that met or exceeded the FDIC insurance limit of $250 thousand of $1.4 billion at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The Company utilizes brokered deposits as an additional source of funding. The Company had brokered deposits of $95.0 million and $416.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease in brokered deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was due to the decision by the Company to reduce excess liquidity in the form of low yielding cash and cash equivalents.

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Maturities of the Company’s time deposits at September 30, 2020 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):


October 1 - December 31, 2020	$	414,864
2021	2,522,508
2022	196,717
2023	6,802
2024	5,511
Thereafter	6,813
Total	$	3,153,215

8. FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK AND FEDERAL RESERVE BANK ADVANCES

The Bank may borrow from the FHLB, on either a short-term or long-term basis, up to 40% of its assets provided that adequate collateral has been pledged. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had pledged various mortgage loans totaling approximately $2.3 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, as well as the FHLB stock held by the Bank to secure these borrowing arrangements.

The Bank has access to the Loan and Discount Window of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("FRB"). Advances under this window are subject to the Bank providing qualifying collateral. Various mortgage loans totaling approximately $443.3 million and $447.4 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, secure this borrowing arrangement. There were no borrowings outstanding with the FRB as of September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

The following table discloses the Bank’s outstanding advances from the FHLB of San Francisco:


	Outstanding Balances				As of September 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		Minimum Interest Rate		Maximum Interest Rate		Weighted Average Rate		Maturity Dates
Fixed rate short-term	$	—	$	1,500	—	%	—	%	—	%	N/A
Fixed rate long-term	961,747		977,202		0.00	%	7.33	%	2.19	%	November 2020 to March 2030

	$	961,747	$	978,702

The Bank's available borrowing capacity based on pledged loans to the FRB and the FHLB totaled $877.4 million and $1.1 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decline in borrowing capacity between these periods was primarily due to revisions in the borrowing capacity calculation at the FHLB, which were applicable to all FHLB members. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank pledged as collateral a $62.6 million FHLB letter of credit to Freddie Mac related to our multifamily securitization reimbursement obligation. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had aggregate loan balances of $2.0 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, available to pledge to the FRB and FHLB to increase its borrowing capacity.

Short-term borrowings are borrowings with original maturities of 90 days or less. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there was a maximum amount of short-term borrowings outstanding of $77.8 million and an average amount outstanding of $9.2 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.45%, respectively. There were no short-term borrowings outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there was a maximum amount of short-term borrowings outstanding of $28.1 million and $209.8 million, respectively, and an average amount outstanding of $1.8 million and $65.2 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 2.44% and 2.57%, respectively.

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The following table summarizes principal payments on FHLB advances over the next five years as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


October 1 - December 31, 2020	$	5,000
2021	355,100
2022	100,000
2023	400,000
2024	—
Thereafter	101,647
	$	961,747

9. JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES

The Company formed two wholly-owned trust companies (the ‘‘Trusts’’) which issued guaranteed preferred beneficial interests (the "Trust Securities") in the Company’s junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the "Notes"). The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of the Trusts and therefore, the Trusts are not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the junior subordinated debentures are shown as a liability. The Company’s investment in the common securities of the Trusts, totaling $1.9 million, is included in other assets on the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition. The sole asset of the Trusts are the Notes that they hold.

The Trusts have invested the proceeds of such Trust Securities in the Notes. Each of the Notes has an interest rate equal to the corresponding Trust Securities distribution rate. The Company has the right to defer payment of interest on the Notes at any time or from time to time for a period not exceeding five years provided that no extension period may extend beyond the stated maturity of the relevant Notes. During any such extension period, distributions on the Trust Securities will also be deferred, and the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock will be restricted.

The Company has entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Securities called for redemption by the Trusts; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of the Trusts. The Trust Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the Notes, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the Notes purchased by the Trusts, in whole or in part, on or after the redemption date. As specified in the indenture, if the Notes are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest.

The following table is a summary of the outstanding Trust Securities and Notes at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019				Date	Maturity	Rate Index
Issuer	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Issued	Date	(Quarterly Reset)
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust I	$	41,238	1.63	%	$	41,238	3.27	%	3/1/2006	6/15/2036	3 month LIBOR + 1.38%
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust II	$	20,619	1.87	%	$	20,619	3.51	%	3/1/2007	6/15/2037	3 month LIBOR + 1.62%

10. SENIOR DEBT

In September 2014, the Company issued $95 million in senior unsecured term notes to qualified institutional investors. The following table summarizes information on these notes as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Principal		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Principal		Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs		Maturity Date	Fixed Interest Rate
Senior Unsecured Term Notes	$	95,000	$	491	$	95,000	$	584	9/30/2024	6.50	%

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11. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

From time to time, the Company utilizes interest rate swaps and other derivative financial instruments as part of its asset liability management strategy to manage interest rate risk positions.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into two, two-year interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1.0 billion to hedge the interest rate risk related to certain hybrid multifamily loans which are currently in their fixed rate period. The swaps are designated as fair value hedges and involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. The gain or loss on the derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income for loans.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the floating rate amounts recognized related to the net settlement of the interest rate swaps were less than the fixed rate amounts recognized. As such, interest income on loans due to these swaps decreased by $3.5 million and $7.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to an increase in interest income on loans of $1.4 million and $1.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The following table presents the effect of the Company’s interest rate swaps on the unaudited consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Derivative - interest rate swaps:
Interest income	$	(3,437)	$	1,400	$	(7,383)	$	1,514
Hedged items - loans:
Interest income	(16)		6		40		5
Net effect on interest income	$	(3,453)	$	1,406	$	(7,343)	$	1,519

The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps, as well as its classification on the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


			Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
			Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
As of September 30, 2020:
Interest Rate Swaps	$	1,000,000	Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets	$	—	Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	$	10,834
As of December 31, 2019:
Interest Rate Swaps	$	1,000,000	Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets	$	1,156	Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	$	746

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As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following amounts were recorded in the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition related to cumulative basis adjustments for its fair value hedges.


Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in Which the Hedged Items are Included	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
(Dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2020:
Loans receivable, net (1)	$	1,010,879	$	10,879
As of December 31, 2019:
Loans receivable, net (1)	$	999,595	$	(405)

(1) These amounts include the amortized cost basis of closed portfolio loans used to designate hedging relationships in which the hedged items are the last layer expected to be remaining at the end of the hedging relationship. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amortized cost basis of the closed portfolio loans used in these hedging relationships were $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively; the cumulative basis adjustments associated with these hedging relationships were $10.9 million and $(405) thousand, respectively, and the amount of the designated hedged items were $1.0 billion and $999.6 million, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had posted $11.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in cash collateral in connection with its interest rate swaps. Cash collateral is included in restricted cash within the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition.

12. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s stock based compensation consists of restricted stock awards ("RSAs") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") granted under the Luther Burbank Corporation Omnibus Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan ("Omnibus Plan"). In connection with its initial public offering ("IPO") in December 2017, the Company granted RSAs and RSUs to employees and nonemployee directors which all vest ratably over three years. At the same time, the Company granted RSUs in exchange for unvested phantom stock awards held by employees and all vested and unvested phantom stock awards held by nonemployee directors on a per share basis. The RSUs were subjected to the same vesting schedule and deferral elections that existed for the original phantom stock awards. Awards granted subsequent to the IPO vest ratably over one year for nonemployee directors and ratably over three to four years for employees.

All RSAs and RSUs were granted at the fair value of the common stock at the time of the award. The RSAs and RSUs are considered fixed awards as the number of shares and fair value are known at the date of grant and the fair value at the grant date is amortized over the vesting and/or service period.

Non-cash stock compensation expense recognized for RSAs and RSUs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $926 thousand and $2.7 million, respectively, compared with $697 thousand and $2.2 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The fair value of RSAs and RSUs that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 totaled $2.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively. There were no RSAs or RSUs that vested during the three months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

As of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $3.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to 572,197 and 582,940 unvested RSAs and RSUs, respectively, which amounts are expected to be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.78 years and 1.61 years, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 140,997 and 135,059 shares, respectively, of RSUs were vested and remain unsettled per the original deferral elections.

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The following table summarizes share information about RSAs and RSUs:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Beginning of the period balance	717,999	$	10.53	1,155,359	$	10.97
Shares granted	261,722	11.62		321,784	9.80
Shares settled	(235,398)	10.54		(557,053)	10.96
Shares forfeited	(31,129)	11.07		(86,082)	10.67
End of the period balance	713,194	$	10.90	834,008	$	10.56

Under its Omnibus Plan, the Company reserved 3,360,000 shares of common stock for new awards. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 2,100,714 and 2,332,775 shares, respectively, of common stock reserved and available for grant through restricted stock or other awards under the Omnibus Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 1,468 shares and 14,041 shares, respectively, of forfeited RSU awards that were initially issued to replace unvested phantom stock awards under the Luther Burbank Corporation Phantom Stock Plan. These awards were excluded from the shares reserved and available for grant under the Omnibus Plan.

13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Valuations within these levels are based upon:

Level 1 - Quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets.

Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use on pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include management judgment and estimation which may be significant.

Because broadly traded markets do not exist for most of the Company’s financial instruments, the fair value calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. These determinations are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and do not include tax ramifications; therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision, substantiated by comparison to independent markets and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the instruments. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results. For all of these reasons, the aggregation of the fair value calculations presented herein do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period. Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities, or total earnings.

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The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

For cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accrued interest receivable and payable, demand deposits and short-term borrowings, the carrying amount is estimated to be fair value. The fair value of accrued interest receivable/payable balances are determined using inputs and fair value measurements commensurate with the asset or liability from which the accrued interest is generated.

Fair values for available for sale and held to maturity debt securities, which include primarily debt securities issued by U.S. government sponsored agencies, are based on quoted market prices for similar securities.

Fair values for equity securities, which consist of investments in the CRA Qualified Investment Fund, are based on quoted market prices.

Loans are valued using the exit price notion. The fair value is estimated using market quotes for similar assets or the present value of future cash flows, discounted using a market rate for similar products and giving consideration to estimated prepayment risk and credit risk. The fair value of loans is determined utilizing estimates resulting in a Level 3 classification.

Impaired loans are measured for impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans' effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, the Company may measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral (net of estimated costs to sell) if the loan is collateral dependent. The fair value of impaired loans is determined utilizing estimates resulting in a Level 3 classification.

It was not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

The fair value of servicing rights is determined using a valuation model that utilizes interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against available market data.

The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date.

Fair values for fixed-rate time deposits are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates offered at each reporting date by the Company for time deposits with similar remaining maturities. For deposits with no contractual maturity, the fair value is assumed to equal the carrying value.

The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated based on discounting the future cash flows using the market rate currently offered for similar terms.

The fair value of subordinated debentures is based on an indication of value provided by a third-party broker.

For senior debt, the fair value is based on an indication of value provided by a third-party broker.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:


					Fair Level Measurements Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
As of September 30, 2020:
Financial assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	214,066	$	214,066	$	214,066	$	—	$	—
Debt securities:
Available for sale	623,499		623,499		—		623,499		—
Held to maturity	7,990		8,393		—		8,393		—
Equity securities	12,070		12,070		—		12,070		—

Loans receivable, net	6,102,438		6,158,846		—		—		6,158,846
Accrued interest receivable	19,894		19,894		3		1,083		18,808
FHLB stock	29,612		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A

Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	5,276,680	$	5,310,264	$	1,938,466	$	3,371,798	$	—
FHLB advances	961,747		1,003,764		—		1,003,764		—
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	61,857		55,751		—		55,751		—
Senior debt	94,509		102,783		—		102,783		—
Accrued interest payable	1,254		1,254		—		1,254		—
Interest rate swaps	10,834		10,834		—		10,834		—
As of December 31, 2019:
Financial assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	91,325	$	91,325	$	91,325	$	—	$	—
Debt securities:
Available for sale	625,074		625,074		—		625,074		—
Held to maturity	10,170		10,349		—		10,349		—
Equity securities	11,782		11,782		—		11,782		—
Loans receivable, net	6,194,976		6,346,496		—		—		6,346,496
Accrued interest receivable	20,814		20,814		26		1,685		19,103
FHLB stock	30,342		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Interest rate swap	1,156		1,156		—		1,156		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	5,234,717	$	5,253,511	$	1,558,029	$	3,695,482	$	—
FHLB advances	978,702		996,860		—		996,860		—
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures	61,857		59,272		—		59,272		—
Senior debt	94,416		99,806		—		99,806		—
Accrued interest payable	2,901		2,901		—		2,901		—
Interest rate swap	746		746		—		746		—

These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time, nor do they attempt to estimate the value of anticipated future business related to the instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.

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Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Recurring Basis

The Company is required or permitted to record the following assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):


Description	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
As of September 30, 2020:
Financial Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs	$	235,840	$	—	$	235,840	$	—
Commercial MBS and CMOs	372,279		—		372,279		—
Agency bonds	15,380		—		15,380		—
Total available for sale debt securities	$	623,499	$	—	$	623,499	$	—
Equity securities	$	12,070	$	—	$	12,070	$	—
Mortgage servicing rights	1,850		—		—		1,850

Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	10,834		—		10,834		—
As of December 31, 2019:
Financial Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS and CMOs	$	145,192	$	—	$	145,192	$	—
Commercial MBS and CMOs	356,169		—		356,169		—
Agency bonds	123,713		—		123,713		—

Total available for sale debt securities	$	625,074	$	—	$	625,074	$	—
Equity securities	$	11,782	$	—	$	11,782	$	—
Mortgage servicing rights	2,657		—		—		2,657
Interest rate swap	1,156		—		1,156		—
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swap	746		—		746		—

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

Non-recurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that

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were recognized at fair value which was below cost at the reporting date (dollars in thousands):


Description	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
September 30, 2020
Impaired loans:
Single family residential	$	858	$	—	$	—	$	858
December 31, 2019
Impaired loans:
Single family residential	$	790	$	—	$	—	$	790

As of September 30, 2020, an impaired loan of $1.6 million was adjusted to a fair value of $858 thousand by recording a charge-off of $722 thousand during the first quarter of 2020. At December 31, 2019, this same loan totaled $1.6 million and was adjusted to a fair value of $790 thousand by recording an allowance for loan losses of $790 thousand. The fair value of impaired, collateral dependent loans is estimated at the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated selling costs. These loans are categorized as Level 3 due to ongoing real estate market conditions which may require the use of unobservable inputs and assumptions in fair value measurements.

The Company held no real estate owned at September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

14. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES ("VIE")

The Company is involved with VIEs through its loan securitization activities. The Company evaluated its association with VIEs for consolidation purposes. Specifically, a VIE is to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIE. A variable interest is a contractual, ownership or other interest whose value fluctuates with the changes in the value of the VIE's assets and liabilities. The assessment includes an evaluation of the Company's continuing involvement with the VIE and the nature and significance of its variable interests.

Multifamily loan securitization

With respect to the securitization transaction with Freddie Mac which settled September 27, 2017, the Company's variable interests reside with a reimbursement agreement entered into with Freddie Mac that obligates the Bank to reimburse Freddie Mac for any defaulted contractual principal and interest payments identified after the ultimate resolution of the defaulted loans. Such reimbursement obligations are not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool. As part of the securitization transaction, the Bank released all servicing obligations and rights to Freddie Mac who was designated as the Master Servicer. As Master Servicer, Freddie Mac appointed the Bank with sub-servicing obligations, which include obligations to collect and remit payments of principal and interest, manage payments of taxes and insurance, and otherwise administer the underlying loans. The servicing of defaulted loans and foreclosed loans was assigned to a separate third party entity, independent of the Bank and Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac, in its capacity as Master Servicer, can terminate the Bank in its role as sub-servicer and direct such responsibilities accordingly. In evaluating the variable interests and continuing involvement in the VIE, the Company determined that it does not have the power to make significant decisions or direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE's assets and liabilities. As sub-servicer of the loans, the Bank does not have the authority to make significant decisions that influence the value of the VIE's net assets and therefore, is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE. Therefore, the Company determined that the VIE associated with the multifamily securitization should not be included in the consolidated financial statements of the Bank.

The Company believes its maximum exposure to loss as a result of involvement with the VIE associated with the securitization under the reimbursement agreement executed with Freddie Mac is 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool, or $62.6 million. The reserve for estimated losses with respect to the reimbursement obligation totaled $959 thousand and $1.0 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, based upon an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data over the underlying loans included in the securitization pool. No disbursements have been made in connection with the reimbursement obligation. As of September 30, 2020, four loans with an

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aggregate principal balance of $5.6 million, or 2.2% of the aggregate remaining loan balance in the securitization pool, had been modified for payment deferral related to the COVID-19 pandemic. All four loans had returned to their respective contractual loan payments as of September 30, 2020. See Note 2 for additional information.

15. LOAN SALE AND SECURITIZATION ACTIVITIES

The Company sells originated and acquired loans as part of its business operations and overall management of liquidity, assets and liabilities, and financial performance. The transfer of loans is executed in securitization or sale transactions. With respect to sale transactions, the Company's continuing involvement may or may not include ongoing servicing responsibilities and general representations and warranties. With respect to securitization sales, the Company executed its first and only transaction on September 27, 2017 with Freddie Mac. The transaction involved the sale of $626.0 million in originated multifamily loans through a Freddie Mac sponsored transaction. The Company's continuing involvement includes sub-servicing responsibilities, general representations and warranties, and a limited reimbursement obligation.

As sub-servicer for Freddie Mac, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum net worth in accordance with GAAP of not less than $2.0 million. If the Bank's capital were to fall below this threshold, Freddie Mac would have the authority to terminate and assume the Bank’s sub-servicing duties. At September 30, 2020, the Bank’s net worth was $751.3 million which equates to its Tier 1 capital of $741.4 million plus goodwill of $3.3 million and accumulated other comprehensive income related to net unrealized gains on available for sale securities of $6.6 million.

General representations and warranties associated with loan sales and securitization sales require the Bank to uphold various assertions that pertain to the underlying loans at the time of the transaction, including, but not limited to, compliance with relevant laws and regulations, absence of fraud, enforcement of liens, no environmental damages, and maintenance of relevant environmental insurance. Such representations and warranties are limited to those that do not meet the quality represented at the transaction date and do not pertain to a decline in value or future payment defaults. In circumstances where the Bank breaches its representations and warranties, the Bank would generally be required to cure such instances through a repurchase or substitution of the subject loan(s).

With respect to the securitization transaction, the Bank also has continuing involvement through a reimbursement agreement executed with Freddie Mac. To the extent the ultimate resolution of defaulted loans results in contractual principal and interest payments that are deficient, the Bank is obligated to reimburse Freddie Mac for such amounts, not to exceed 10% of the original principal amount of the loans comprising the securitization pool at the closing date of September 27, 2017.

The following table provides cash flows associated with the Company's loan sale activities:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Proceeds from loan sales	$	—	$	10,629	$	—	$	62,235
Servicing fees	214		320		730		987

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The following table provides information about the loans transferred through sales or securitization and not recorded on the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition, for which the Company's continuing involvement includes sub-servicing or servicing responsibilities and/or reimbursement obligations:


(Dollars in thousands)	Single Family Residential		Multifamily Residential
As of September 30, 2020:
Principal balance of loans	$	19,928	$	361,136
Loans 90+ days past due	—		—
Charge-offs, net	—		—
As of December 31, 2019:
Principal balance of loans	$	24,146	$	489,333
Loans 90+ days past due	—		—
Charge-offs, net	—		—

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Financial Instruments With Off-Balance Sheet Risk

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments represent commitments to originate fixed and variable rate loans and loans in process, and involve, to varying degrees, credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party for commitments to extend credit and lines of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to originate loans as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. As it relates to interest rate risk, the Company's exposure is generally limited to increases in interest rates that may result during the short period of time between the commitment and funding of fixed rate credit facilities and adjustable rate credit facilities with initial fixed rate periods. The limited timing risk associated with these credit facilities are considered within the Company's asset liability management process.

Commitments to fund loans are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have expiration dates or other termination clauses. In addition, external market forces may impact the probability of commitments being exercised; therefore, total commitments outstanding do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding commitments of approximately $124.1 million and $103.2 million, respectively, for loans. Unfunded loan commitment reserves totaled $78 thousand and $89 thousand at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Operating Leases

The Company leases various office premises under long-term operating lease agreements. These leases expire between 2021 and 2030, with certain leases containing either three, five or ten year renewal options. At September 30, 2020, minimum commitments under these non-cancellable leases before considering renewal options are (dollars in thousands):


October 1 - December 31, 2020	$	1,212
2021	4,598
2022	3,668
2023	2,428
2024	1,454
Thereafter	2,658
Total	$	16,018

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Rent expense under operating leases was $1.1 million and $3.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared with $1.3 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Sublease income earned was $185 thousand and $558 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared with $167 thousand and $533 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Contingencies

At present, there are no pending or threatened proceedings against the Company which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or stock price. In the ordinary course of operations, the Company may be party to various legal proceedings.

Correspondent Banking Agreements

The Company maintains funds on deposit with other federally insured financial institutions under correspondent banking agreements. Insured portions of these balances are limited to $250 thousand per institution based on FDIC insurance limits. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $26.6 million and $25.7 million, respectively, in uninsured available cash balances. Additionally, the Company had $11.9 million and $2.8 million in restricted cash as collateral for its interest rate swap agreements at a correspondent bank as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company periodically monitors the financial condition and capital adequacy of these correspondent banks.

17. SUBSEQUENT EVENT

On October 30, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a formal program adopted on that date (the “Plan”). The Plan has been adopted in accordance with guidelines specified by Rule 10b5-1 and under Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Company’s Insider Trading Policy. The Plan is effective from November 2, 2020 until December 31, 2021.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion of our financial condition at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 11, 2020 (our “Annual Report”) and with the accompanying unaudited notes to consolidated financial statements set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 (this “Report”). Because we conduct all of our material business operations through our bank subsidiary, Luther Burbank Savings, the discussion and analysis relates to activities primarily conducted by the Bank.

Overview

We are a bank holding company headquartered in Santa Rosa, California, and the parent company of Luther Burbank Savings, a California-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Gardena, California with $7.1 billion in assets at September 30, 2020. Our principal business is providing high-value, relationship-based banking products and services to our customers, which include real estate investors, professionals, entrepreneurs, depositors and commercial businesses. We generate most of our revenue from interest on loans and investments. Our primary source of funding for our loans is retail deposits and we place secondary reliance on wholesale funding, primarily borrowings from the FHLB and brokered deposits. Our largest expenses are interest on deposits and borrowings along with salaries and related employee benefits. Our principal lending products are real estate secured loans, consisting primarily of multifamily residential properties and jumbo single family residential properties on the West Coast.

Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth the Company’s selected historical consolidated financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. You should read this information together with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report and the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Report. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The selected historical consolidated financial data as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2020 are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements in our previously filed Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company’s historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	As of or For the Three Months Ended									As of or For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Statements of Income and Financial Condition Data
Net Income	$	14,317		$	9,318		$	12,736		$	31,211		$	36,404
Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings (1)	$	20,325		$	18,471		$	17,509		$	54,850		$	52,079
Total assets	$	7,071,663		$	7,168,346		$	7,161,419		$	7,071,663		$	7,161,419
Per Common Share
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.27		$	0.18		$	0.23		$	0.58		$	0.65
Book value per share	$	11.62		$	11.39		$	10.80		$	11.62		$	10.80
Tangible book value per share (1)	$	11.55		$	11.33		$	10.74		$	11.55		$	10.74



Selected Ratios
Return on average:
Assets	0.80		%	0.52		%	0.71		%	0.59		%	0.69		%
Stockholders' equity	9.43		%	6.21		%	8.45		%	6.84		%	8.15		%
Dividend payout ratio	21.11		%	32.60		%	25.39		%	29.80		%	26.91		%
Net interest margin	2.03		%	1.88		%	1.84		%	1.92		%	1.82		%
Efficiency ratio (1)	44.62		%	45.38		%	47.86		%	46.97		%	47.45		%
Noninterest expense to average assets	0.91		%	0.86		%	0.90		%	0.91		%	0.89		%
Loan to deposit ratio	116.52		%	116.67		%	116.74		%	116.52		%	116.74		%



Credit Quality Ratios
Allowance for loan losses to loans	0.75		%	0.73		%	0.56		%	0.75		%	0.56		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans	953.49		%	940.20		%	269.88		%	953.49		%	269.88		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.07		%	0.07		%	0.18		%	0.07		%	0.18		%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans	(0.01)		%	(0.00)		%	(0.01)		%	0.01		%	(0.01)		%
Capital Ratios
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.22		%	9.14		%	9.25		%	9.22		%	9.25		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	18.19		%	17.44		%	17.55		%	18.19		%	17.55		%

(1) Considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - ‘‘Non-GAAP Financial Measures’’ for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings is defined as net income before taxes and provision for loan losses. Tangible book value is defined as total assets less goodwill and total liabilities. Efficiency ratio is defined as the ratio of noninterest expense to net interest income plus noninterest income.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and with general practices within the financial services industry. Application of these principles requires management to make complex and subjective estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under current circumstances. These assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from independent, objective sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Use of alternative assumptions may have resulted in significantly different estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Our most significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in our Annual Report. We have identified the following accounting policies and estimates that, due to the difficult, subjective or complex judgments and assumptions inherent in those policies and estimates and the potential sensitivity of our financial statements to those judgments and assumptions, are critical to an understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable and appropriate.

Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"), as an emerging growth company, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised

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and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we may adopt the standard for the private company.

We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosures and other relief under the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under the JOBS Act, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is provided for probable incurred credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the statement of financial condition date. The allowance is increased by a provision charged to expense and reduced by loan principal charge-offs, net of recoveries. Where management determines that the allowance for loan losses is more than adequate to absorb the probable incurred credit losses in the portfolio, the allowance is reduced by recapturing provisions and a credit is made to the expense account. The allowance is based on management’s assessment of various factors including, but not limited to, the nature of the loan portfolio, previous loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the estimated value of underlying collateral, information that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, current economic conditions and the results of our ongoing reviews of the portfolio. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.

While we use available information, including independent appraisals for collateral, to estimate the extent of probable incurred loan losses within the loan portfolio, inherent uncertainties in the estimation process make it reasonably possible that ultimate losses may vary significantly from our original estimates. Generally, loans are partially or fully charged off when it is determined that the unpaid principal balance exceeds the current fair value of the collateral with no other likely source of repayment.

Fair Value Measurement

We use estimates of fair value in applying various accounting standards for our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Fair value is defined as the exit price at which an asset may be sold or a liability may be transferred in an orderly transaction between willing and able market participants. When available, fair value is measured by looking at observable market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market. When these are not available, other inputs are used to model fair value such as prices of similar instruments, yield curves, prepayment speeds and credit spreads. Depending on the availability of observable inputs and prices, different valuation models could produce materially different fair value estimates. The values presented may not represent future fair values and may not be realizable.

Changes in the fair value of debt securities available for sale and derivatives designated as effective cash flow hedges are recorded in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition and comprehensive income (loss) while changes in the fair value of equity securities, loans held for sale and other derivatives are recorded in the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition and in the unaudited consolidated statements of income.

Investment Securities Impairment

We assess on a quarterly basis whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security in which we have an unrealized loss is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis. In any instance, we would consider many factors, including the severity and duration of the impairment, the portion of any unrealized loss attributable to a decline in the credit quality of the issuer, our intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, and, for debt securities, external credit ratings and recent downgrades. Securities with respect to which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s operational performance and to enhance investors’ overall understanding of such performance. The methodology for determining these non-GAAP measures may differ among companies.

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Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings is defined as net income before taxes and provision for loan losses. We believe the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is income before taxes. Disclosure of this measure enables you to compare our operations to those of other banking companies before consideration of taxes and provision expense. Efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expenses divided by operating revenue, which is equal to net interest income plus noninterest income. Tangible book value per share is defined as tangible stockholders' equity divided by period end shares outstanding. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition, results of income and cash flows computed in accordance with GAAP. However, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other banking companies use. Other banking companies may use names similar to those we use for the non-GAAP financial measures we disclose, but may calculate them differently. You should understand how we and other companies each calculate their non-GAAP financial measures when making comparisons.

The following reconciliation table provides a more detailed analysis of these non-GAAP financial measures:


	As of or For the Three Months Ended									As of or For the Nine Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2019			September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
Pre-tax, Pre-provision Net Earnings
Income before taxes	$	20,325		$	13,221		$	18,009		$	44,300		$	51,829
Plus: Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	—			5,250			(500)			10,550			250
Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings	$	20,325		$	18,471		$	17,509		$	54,850		$	52,079
Efficiency Ratio
Noninterest expense (numerator)	$	16,374		$	15,348		$	16,069		$	48,581		$	47,027
Net interest income	36,112			33,148			32,585			101,375			95,245
Noninterest income	587			671			993			2,056			3,861
Operating revenue (denominator)	$	36,699		$	33,819		$	33,578		$	103,431		$	99,106
Efficiency ratio	44.62		%	45.38		%	47.86		%	46.97		%	47.45		%


(Dollars in thousands except per share data)	September 30, 2020		June 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Tangible Book Value Per Share
Total assets	$	7,071,663	$	7,168,346	$	7,161,419
Less: Goodwill	(3,297)		(3,297)		(3,297)
Tangible assets	7,068,366		7,165,049		7,158,122
Less: Total liabilities	(6,462,830)		(6,571,664)		(6,556,047)
Tangible stockholders' equity (numerator)	$	605,536	$	593,385	$	602,075
Period end shares outstanding (denominator)	52,410,053		52,382,895		56,034,771
Tangible book value per share	$	11.55	$	11.33	$	10.74

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a substantial disruption to the economy, as well as a heightened level of uncertainty about the scope and longevity of its impact. In response to the pandemic, we have implemented a multi-pronged approach to address the challenges caused by the effects of this pandemic. Our approach includes ensuring the safety of our employees and the communities that we serve and developing new and temporarily revised programs that are responsive to the needs of our loan and deposit customers. Although we entered this environment with a fundamentally sound loan portfolio and strong liquidity and capital positions, we deemed it prudent to provide additional loss absorbing loan reserves. As we continue to closely monitor COVID-19 developments, we remain focused on our ability to navigate these challenging conditions and the underlying strength and stability of our Company.

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Employees

The safety and health of our employees are of paramount importance to us. Financial institutions have been designated as an essential component of our nation’s critical infrastructure, therefore, all of our branches have remained open during this challenging time. To limit our branch employees' exposure to risks related to COVID-19, we have temporarily modified our branch hours, expanded our phone support systems and enhanced branch safety protocols. Despite the staffing requirements of our branches, a remote working arrangement has been implemented for the vast majority of our non-branch employees and approximately two-thirds of our team are successfully working from home. In recognition of the demands on families caused by "stay-at-home" orders and other precautionary measures, our employees are also being permitted to utilize a flexible work schedule to maintain our Company's productivity while fulfilling personal responsibilities. We have also provided other benefits such as wellness allowances for customer facing employees, the cash-out of a limited amount of accrued and unused vacation, as well as paid time off and counseling services for employees requiring additional assistance. Our employees have successfully risen to the challenge of supporting our customers during this difficult time by providing quality customer care for both deposit and lending services.

Borrowers

In late March 2020, the Company implemented a lending modification initiative to support customers financially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and unable to make their scheduled loan payments. The program provides borrowers the opportunity to modify their existing real estate loans by temporarily deferring payments for a specified period of time. In connection with the modifications, loan maturity dates are typically being extended for a commensurate period and deferred payments will be capitalized and reamortized into future monthly loan payments over the revised term of the loan. As a further accommodation to borrowers, all late charges are generally being waived for COVID-19 modifications. In conjunction with the passage of Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), as well as the revised interagency guidance issued in April 2020, "Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working With Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised)", banks have been provided the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to loan delinquencies and troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") for a limited time to account for the effects of COVID-19. As a result, the Company will not be recognizing eligible COVID-19 loan modifications as TDRs. Additionally, loans qualifying for these modifications will not be required to be reported as delinquent, nonaccrual, impaired or criticized solely as a result of a COVID-19 loan modification. Modified loans under this program have generally been downgraded from a Pass risk rating to a Watch risk rating at the time of their respective modification. Loan risk ratings are an integral part of the quantitative calculation of our allowance for loan losses. Refer to Part I. Item 1. "Financial Statements" - "Note 4. Loans" for further details regarding loan risk ratings and the allowance for loan losses.

The following graphs detail completed COVID-19 loan hardship applications received as of September 30, 2020:

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The following table details completed COVID-19 loan hardship modifications as of September 30, 2020:


	Total Loans Modified (1)
(Dollars in thousands)	# of Loans	Current Balance		% of Loan Portfolio Segment		Weighted Avg. LTV		Weighted Avg. DSC(2)	Weighted Avg. DTI(2)

Multifamily residential	101	$	183,122	4.5	%	60.2	%	1.35	N/A
Single family residential	148	160,559		8.9	%	69.1	%	N/A	39.6	%
Commercial real estate	20	53,779		26.5	%	57.6	%	1.47	N/A

Total	269	$	397,460	6.5	%	63.4	%	1.37	39.6	%

(1) As of September 30, 2020, 12 single family loans totaling $20.3 million and three multifamily loans totaling $3.7 million have paid off subsequent to their modification and are excluded from the table above.

(2) Weighted average debt service coverage ("DSC") and debt-to-income ("DTI") are pre-COVID-19 measures

The following table details modified loans in the population above which the borrower has returned, or expressed an intent to return, to monthly payments as of September 30, 2020:


	Loans Returned/Returning to Payment Status (1)
(Dollars in thousands)	# of Loans	Current Balance		% of Total Modified Loans

Multifamily residential	83	$	139,465	76.2	%
Single family residential	122	134,446		83.7	%
Commercial real estate	17	48,235		89.7	%

Total	222	$	322,146	81.1	%

(1) 142 loans totaling $214.2 million which the borrower has confirmed payments will resume at the end of the modification period are included within Loans Returned/Returning to Payment Status. As of September 30, 2020, 12 single family loans totaling $20.3 million and three multifamily loans totaling $3.7 million have paid off subsequent to their modification and are excluded from the table above.

The following table details remaining modified loans as of September 30, 2020:


	Remaining Modified Loans (1)
(Dollars in thousands)	# of Loans	Current Balance		% of Loan Portfolio Segment		Weighted Avg. LTV		Weighted Avg. DSC(2)	Weighted Avg. DTI(2)

Multifamily residential	18	$	43,657	1.1	%	59.5	%	1.22	N/A
Single family residential	26	26,113		1.4	%	68.9	%	N/A	40.1	%
Commercial real estate:
Multi-Tenant Industrial	1	2,243		1.1	%	62.3	%	1.18	N/A
Shadow Retail	1	2,029		1.0	%	62.4	%	1.70	N/A
More than 50% Commercial	1	1,272		0.6	%	54.1	%	1.18	N/A
Total	47	$	75,314	1.2	%	62.8	%	1.24	40.1	%

(1) Loans reported as Remaining Modified Loans includes loans that have requested additional assistance or have not yet indicated if they will be able to resume payments as scheduled.

(2) Weighted average debt service coverage ("DSC") and debt-to-income ("DTI") are pre-COVID-19 measures

The Company continues to originate loans for single family and multifamily borrowers desiring to refinance loans or execute real estate purchase transactions. As a result of the pandemic, however, the Company has temporarily tightened its credit underwriting guidelines. While we continue to monitor the changing environment and the impacts of COVID-19 on employment and real estate values, at this time we remain committed to providing lending services. The Company did not participate in the Small Business Administration's Payment Protection Program.

Depositors

To address depositors needs during the pandemic, we have kept all of our branches open, and have also increased ATM withdrawal limits with no fees to ensure customer access to liquidity and promote their safety. Furthermore, we

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have implemented the waiver of certain early withdrawal penalties and overdraft fees related to deposit accounts, although very few fee concessions were requested. In addition, we have enhanced our customer communications via mailings and website postings to inform them of telephonic, online and mobile options for transacting business, as well as the need to have a greater awareness of perpetrated scams and fraudulent schemes related to COVID-19. As of September 30, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019, retail deposits have increased $363.0 million, while wholesale deposits decreased $321.0 million. The increase in retail deposits has been primarily generated by our network of branches, while the decline in wholesale deposits was a purposeful decision by the Company to reduce excess, low yielding cash and cash equivalents from the unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition.

Allowance for Loan Losses

At September 30, 2020, 100% of our loan portfolio was secured by real estate collateral and 96.4% of our loan balances financed single family or multifamily residential housing having a weighted average loan-to-value of 59.1%. The Company has limited exposure to nonresidential commercial loans and little to no exposure to the industries most impacted by the pandemic such as travel, hospitality and entertainment. The following table shows the loan portfolio composition, with more granular emphasis on nonresidential commercial real estate, as of September 30, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)	# of Loans	Balance		% of Total Loans		Weighted Average LTV (1)
Multifamily residential	2,537	$	4,086,059	66.4	%	56.7	%
Single family residential	1,967	1,839,156		30.0	%	64.4	%
Commercial real estate type:
Strip Retail	23	49,051		0.8	%	51.3	%
Mid Rise Office	7	39,386		0.6	%	65.2	%
Low Rise Office	13	25,974		0.4	%	55.7	%
Medical Office	7	20,535		0.3	%	62.6	%
Multi-Tenant Industrial	8	12,842		0.2	%	49.3	%
Anchored Retail	3	12,274		0.2	%	53.4	%
More than 50% commercial	11	10,909		0.2	%	47.4	%
Shopping Center	4	8,822		0.1	%	50.7	%
Unanchored Retail	7	8,538		0.1	%	44.6	%
Shadow Retail	4	7,009		0.1	%	59.9	%
Warehouse	4	3,097		0.1	%	41.5	%
Flex Industrial	2	2,507		0.0	%	64.5	%
Restaurant	2	1,535		0.0	%	34.2	%
Light Manufacturing	1	1,351		0.0	%	49.8	%
Other	1	90		0.0	%	17.1	%
Commercial Real Estate	97	203,920		3.3	%	55.7	%
Construction & Land Development	12	19,266		0.3	%	53.2	%
Non-mortgage Loans	1	100		0.0	%	NA
Total	4,614	$	6,148,501	100.0	%	58.9	%

(1) Construction and land development LTV is calculated based on an "as completed" property value.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we increased both the qualitative and quantitative components of our allowance for loan losses. The qualitative component was increased to address the continued uncertainty surrounding the current economic environment, while the quantitative component was increased as a result of the downgrading of modified loans from Pass risk ratings to Watch risk ratings, as discussed above. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we added $10.2 million to our reserve for these purposes. The following table shows the components attributed to the net increase in our allowance for loan losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020:

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(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for Loan Losses - as of 6/30/2020	$	45,985
COVID-19 economic impact	98
Increase due to criticized loans	770
Net recoveries	78
Decline in portfolio and other changes	(868)
Allowance for Loan Losses - as of 9/30/2020	$	46,063

Allowance for Loan Losses - as of 12/31/2019	$	36,001
COVID-19 economic impact	10,182
Increase due to criticized loans	1,006
Net charge-offs	(488)

Decline in portfolio and other changes	(638)
Allowance for Loan Losses - as of 9/30/2020	$	46,063

Liquidity and Capital

As part of our response to COVID-19, we continue to closely monitor our liquidity and capital levels to ensure that we are properly prepared for the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. The Company's cash and cash equivalents has increased by $113.6 million since December 31, 2019 primarily as a result of reduced loan origination volumes, elevated loan prepayments and increases in retail deposits. As of September 30, 2020, we maintained the following liquidity position:


(Dollars in thousands)	As of 9/30/2020		% of Assets
Cash & Cash Equivalents	$	202,146	2.9	%
Unencumbered Liquid Securities	635,569		9.0	%
Unutilized Brokered Deposit Capacity (1)	696,502		9.8	%
Unutilized FHLB Borrowing Capacity (2) (3)	709,197		10.0	%
Unutilized FRB Borrowing Capacity (2)	168,194		2.4	%
Commercial Lines of Credit	50,000		0.7	%
Total Liquidity	$	2,461,608	34.8	%

(1) Capacity based on internal guidelines
(2) Capacity based on pledged loan collateral specific to the FHLB or FRB, as applicable
(3) Availability to borrow from the FHLB is permitted up to 40% of the Bank's assets or $2.8 billion. At September 30, 2020, we had $961.7 million and $62.6 million in outstanding advances and letters of credit with the FHLB, respectively.

The Company’s capital levels continue to be significantly above the minimum levels required for regulatory capital purposes. At September 30, 2020, our Tier 1 Leverage, Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based, Tier 1 Risk-Based and Total Risk-Based Capital ratios were 9.2%, 15.4%, 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "Capital Adequacy" for further details regarding our capital levels at September 30, 2020. The following graphs depict the Company’s capital position in relation to current regulatory requirements including capital conservation buffers:

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Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Overview

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our net income was $14.3 million as compared to $12.7 million for the same period last year. The increase of $1.6 million, or 12.4%, was attributed primarily to an increase in net interest income of $3.5 million, partially offset by an increase of $735 thousand in income tax expense, a decrease of $500 thousand in recaptured provision for loan losses, a decrease in noninterest income of $406 thousand and an increase in noninterest expense of $305 thousand. Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings increased by $2.8 million, or 16.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased by $3.5 million, or 10.8%, to $36.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $32.6 million for the same period last year. Net interest income was primarily impacted by a $12.2 million decrease in interest expense on deposits due to a 91 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing deposits. Additionally, interest expense on FHLB advances decreased $676 thousand due to declines in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $59.6 million and 12 basis points, as compared to the same period last year. The decreases in interest expense were partially offset by decreases of $7.2 million and $1.7 million in interest income on loans and investments, respectively, primarily due to decreases in their yields of 43 basis points and 103 basis points, respectively. To a lesser extent, interest income was further impacted by a $683 thousand decline in interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash primarily caused by a 199 basis point decrease in the yield on such assets. Our net interest margin of 2.03% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased from 1.84% during the same period last year. The improvement in our net interest margin was primarily due to the 80 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, which benefited from the decline in market interest rates which began in August 2019, but significantly accelerated in March 2020. As discussed above, this decline in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities was partially offset by a 56 basis point decline in the yield on interest-earning assets.

Average balance sheet, interest and yield/rate analysis. The following table presents average balance sheet

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information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yield earned and rates paid for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The average balances are daily averages.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Inc/Exp		Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest Inc/Exp		Yield/Rate
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential	$	4,077,293	$	37,805	3.71	%	$	3,934,650	$	42,368	4.31	%
Single family residential	1,911,888		16,224		3.39	%	2,118,339		18,901		3.57	%
Commercial real estate	209,379		2,444		4.67	%	200,742		2,412		4.81	%
Construction, land and NM	17,883		293		6.52	%	18,761		329		6.96	%
Total Loans (1)	6,216,443		56,766		3.65	%	6,272,492		64,010		4.08	%
Investment securities	661,400		2,167		1.31	%	665,730		3,900		2.34	%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	242,528		83		0.14	%	142,960		766		2.13	%
Total interest-earning assets	7,120,371		59,016		3.32	%	7,081,182		68,676		3.88	%
Noninterest-earning assets (2)	56,529						77,416
Total assets	$	7,176,900					$	7,158,598
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts	$	368,072	463		0.49	%	$	201,480	637		1.24	%
Money market demand accounts	1,593,623		3,467		0.85	%	1,418,275		4,871		1.34	%
Time deposits	3,343,849		11,814		1.38	%	3,654,313		22,419		2.40	%
Total deposits	5,305,544		15,744		1.16	%	5,274,068		27,927		2.07	%
FHLB advances	961,747		5,307		2.20	%	1,021,396		5,983		2.32	%
Junior subordinated debentures	61,857		279		1.79	%	61,857		604		3.87	%
Senior debt	94,488		1,574		6.66	%	94,365		1,577		6.68	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	6,423,636		22,904		1.40	%	6,451,686		36,091		2.20	%
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	77,572						43,188
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	68,194						60,548
Total liabilities	6,569,402						6,555,422
Total stockholders' equity	607,498						603,176
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	7,176,900					$	7,158,598

Net interest spread (3)					1.92	%					1.68	%
Net interest income/margin (4)			$	36,112	2.03	%			$	32,585	1.84	%

(1) Non-accrual loans are included in total loan balances. No adjustment has been made for these loans in the calculation of yields. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan costs, net of deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan cost amortization totaled $4.1 million and $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(2) Noninterest-earning assets includes the allowance for loan losses.

(3) Net interest spread is the average yield on total interest-earning assets minus the average rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

Interest rates and operating interest differential. Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities during the periods indicated. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the prior period’s average rate. The effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the prior period’s volume. The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the changes in each.

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs 2019
	Variance Due To
(Dollars in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Rate		Total
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential	$	1,496	$	(6,059)	$	(4,563)
Single family residential	(1,765)		(912)		(2,677)
Commercial real estate	103		(71)		32
Construction, land and NM	(15)		(21)		(36)
Total Loans	(181)		(7,063)		(7,244)
Investment securities	(25)		(1,708)		(1,733)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	316		(999)		(683)
Total interest-earning assets	110		(9,770)		(9,660)
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts	336		(510)		(174)
Money market demand accounts	523		(1,927)		(1,404)
Time deposits	(1,767)		(8,838)		(10,605)
Total deposits	(908)		(11,275)		(12,183)
FHLB advances	(359)		(317)		(676)
Junior subordinated debentures	—		(325)		(325)
Senior debt	2		(5)		(3)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	(1,265)		(11,922)		(13,187)

Net Interest Income	$	1,375	$	2,152	$	3,527

Total interest income decreased by $9.7 million, or 14.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year. As discussed above, interest income from loans decreased $7.2 million as the yield on loans decreased by 43 basis points. The decline in our loan yield was primarily caused by a net increase of $4.9 million in the cost of our interest rate swaps resulting from the decline in variable interest rate payments received in connection with our swap agreements caused by reductions in the federal funds rate approved by the Federal Reserve Board of Governor's Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") beginning in August 2019 and, to a lesser extent, the prepayment of higher yielding loans, which were being replaced by loans at lower interest rates. The volume of new loans originated totaled $235.2 million and $382.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted average rate on new loans for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 3.66% as compared to 4.26% for the same period last year. The decline in the average coupon on originations was primarily due to the decline in market interest rates. Loan prepayment speeds were 20.2% and 20.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted average rate on loan payoffs/curtailments during the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 4.16% as compared to 4.22% for the same period last year. Additionally, interest income on investments decreased $1.7 million, compared to the same period last year, due to a decrease in the average yield on investment securities of 103 basis points generally caused by variable rate securities repricing to lower current interest rates, as well as the accelerated prepayment of securities backed by mortgages. To a lesser extent, interest income was further impacted by a $683 thousand decline in interest income earned on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash primarily caused by a 199 basis point decrease in the yield.

Total interest expense decreased $13.2 million to $22.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $36.1 million for the same period last year primarily due to a decrease of $12.2 million in interest expense on deposits caused by a 91 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing deposits predominantly due to a reduction in short-term interest rates attributed to the FOMC's interest rate cuts. The average balance of time deposits decreased by $310.5 million compared to the same period last year primarily due to a decline in broker deposits as maturing time deposits were intentionally not replaced with the purpose of reducing excess, low yielding cash and cash equivalents. Additionally, interest expense on FHLB advances decreased $676 thousand related to declines in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $59.6 million and 12 basis points, as compared to the same

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period last year.

Provision for Loan Losses

For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, we recorded no loan loss provisions, compared to a reversal of loan loss provisions of $500 thousand for the same period last year. During the current quarter, the net impact to our provision for loan losses caused by slightly higher criticized loans and reduced needs in connection with COVID-19 as a result of declining loan deferral requests and positive trends of existing modified loans were entirely offset by declining loan balances. See Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for additional information. Nonperforming loans totaled $4.8 million, or 0.08% of total loans, at September 30, 2020, compared to $6.3 million, or 0.10%, and $12.9 million, or 0.21%, of total loans, at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Total criticized loans totaled $48.0 million at September 30, 2020 as compared to $45.5 million and $43.6 million at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.75% at September 30, 2020 as compared to 0.58% and 0.56% at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income decreased by $406 thousand, or 40.9%, to $587 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $993 thousand for the same period last year.

The following table presents the major components of our noninterest income:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Income
Gain on sale of loans	$	—	$	77	$	(77)	(100.0)	%
FHLB dividends	368		557		(189)		(33.9)	%
Fee income	134		144		(10)		(6.9)	%
Other	85		215		(130)		(60.5)	%
Total noninterest income	$	587	$	993	$	(406)	(40.9)	%

The decrease in noninterest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2019, was primarily due to a decrease in FHLB dividends of $189 thousand during the current quarter compared to the same period last year, as well as a decline in fair value adjustments recorded on equity securities of $89 thousand. The FHLB decreased its annualized dividend rate from 7% to 5% for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the same period last year.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense increased $305 thousand, or 1.9%, to $16.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $16.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

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The following table presents the components of our noninterest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and related benefits	$	11,408	$	9,191	$	2,217	24.1	%
Deposit insurance premium	482		—		482		N/A
Professional and regulatory fees	431		521		(90)		(17.3)	%
Occupancy	1,156		1,425		(269)		(18.9)	%
Depreciation and amortization	673		672		1		0.1	%
Data processing	999		945		54		5.7	%
Marketing	306		1,217		(911)		(74.9)	%
Other expenses	919		2,098		(1,179)		(56.2)	%
Total noninterest expense	$	16,374	$	16,069	$	305	1.9	%

The increase in noninterest expense during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period last year was primarily attributable to a $2.2 million increase in compensation costs mainly due to an increase in the required accrual for post-employment related retirement benefits resulting from a decline in interest rates, a decrease in capitalized loan origination costs related to lower loan volume in the current quarter compared to the same period last year, and an increase in our headcount. At September 30, 2020, we had 282 full time equivalent employees ("FTEs") compared to 274 FTEs at September 30, 2019. Additionally, federal deposit insurance assessments increased $482 thousand in the current quarter as compared to the same period last year due to the utilization of our Small Bank Assessment Credit in the prior year period. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other expenses primarily related to the write-off of unamortized leasehold improvements totaling $1.1 million in the prior year period and a $911 thousand decrease in marketing costs related to deposit gathering efforts.

Income Tax Expense

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $6.0 million as compared to $5.3 million for the same period last year with effective tax rates of 29.6% and 29.3%, respectively.

Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Overview

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our net income was $31.2 million as compared to $36.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease of $5.2 million, or 14.3%, was primarily attributable to a $10.3 million increase in the provision for loan losses, a decrease of $1.8 million in noninterest income and an increase of $1.6 million in noninterest expense, partially offset by an increase of $6.1 million in net interest income and a decrease of $2.3 million in the provision for income taxes as compared to the same period last year. Pre-tax, pre-provision net earnings decreased by $2.8 million, or 5.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased by $6.1 million, or 6.4%, to $101.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $95.2 million for the same period last year primarily due to a decrease of $18.5 million in interest expense on deposits related to a 51 basis point decline in the cost of interest-bearing deposits. Additionally, interest expense on FHLB advances decreased by $2.6 million primarily due to decreases in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $106.9 million and ten basis points, respectively. These decreases in interest expense were partially offset by decreases in interest income on loans and investments of $10.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively. The decline in interest income on loans was due to a 23 basis points decrease in the average yield of our loan portfolio, partially offset by a $13.3 million increase in the average balance of loans. The decline in interest income on investments was primarily related to a decrease in the average yield of our investment portfolio of 82

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basis points related to declining market interest rates. Net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 1.92%, compared to 1.82% for the same period last year. The increase in our margin was primarily related to the 46 basis point decline in the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by the decline of 33 basis points in the yield of our interest-earning assets.

Average balance sheet, interest and yield/rate analysis. The following table presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yield earned and rates paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The average balances are daily averages.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Inc/Exp		Yield/Rate		Average Balance		Interest Inc/Exp		Yield/Rate
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential	$	4,054,303	$	116,952	3.85	%	$	3,838,154	$	119,553	4.15	%
Single family residential	1,948,693		50,480		3.45	%	2,169,862		58,782		3.61	%
Commercial real estate	207,746		7,210		4.63	%	195,042		7,015		4.80	%
Construction, land and NM	20,195		1,019		6.74	%	14,589		728		6.67	%
Total Loans (1)	6,230,937		175,661		3.76	%	6,217,647		186,078		3.99	%
Investment securities	652,093		7,787		1.59	%	659,635		11,943		2.41	%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	161,394		454		0.38	%	103,185		1,688		2.19	%
Total interest-earning assets	7,044,424		183,902		3.48	%	6,980,467		199,709		3.81	%
Noninterest-earning assets (2)	62,347						77,106
Total assets	$	7,106,771					$	7,057,573
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts	$	289,325	1,366		0.62	%	$	208,287	2,058		1.30	%
Money market demand accounts	1,458,688		10,920		0.98	%	1,385,633		13,705		1.30	%
Time deposits	3,489,881		47,860		1.80	%	3,532,068		62,923		2.35	%
Total deposits	5,237,894		60,146		1.51	%	5,125,988		78,686		2.02	%
FHLB advances	972,311		16,550		2.27	%	1,079,231		19,165		2.37	%
Junior subordinated debentures	61,857		1,104		2.38	%	61,857		1,888		4.08	%
Senior debt	94,458		4,727		6.67	%	94,335		4,725		6.68	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	6,366,520		82,527		1.71	%	6,361,411		104,464		2.17	%
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	62,931						41,567
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	69,224						59,225
Total liabilities	6,498,675						6,462,203
Total stockholders' equity	608,096						595,370
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	7,106,771					$	7,057,573

Net interest spread (3)					1.77	%					1.64	%
Net interest income/margin (4)			$	101,375	1.92	%			$	95,245	1.82	%

(1) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total loan balances. No adjustment has been made for these loans in the calculation of yields. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan costs, net of deferred loan fees. Net deferred loan cost amortization totaled $11.8 million and $10.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(2) Noninterest-earning assets includes the allowance for loan losses.

(3) Net interest spread is the average yield on total interest-earning assets minus the average rate on total interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

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earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities during the periods indicated.


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs 2019
	Variance Due To
(Dollars in thousands)	Volume		Yield/Rate		Total
Interest-Earning Assets
Multifamily residential	$	6,425	$	(9,026)	$	(2,601)
Single family residential	(5,786)		(2,516)		(8,302)
Commercial real estate	449		(254)		195
Construction, land and NM	283		8		291
Total Loans	1,371		(11,788)		(10,417)
Investment securities	(135)		(4,021)		(4,156)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	636		(1,870)		(1,234)
Total interest-earning assets	1,872		(17,679)		(15,807)
Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Transaction accounts	611		(1,303)		(692)
Money market demand accounts	682		(3,467)		(2,785)
Time deposits	(732)		(14,331)		(15,063)
Total deposits	561		(19,101)		(18,540)
FHLB advances	(1,834)		(781)		(2,615)
Senior debt	7		(5)		2
Junior subordinated debentures	—		(784)		(784)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	(1,266)		(20,671)		(21,937)

Net Interest Income	$	3,138	$	2,992	$	6,130

Total interest income decreased by $15.8 million, or 7.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year. The decrease was primarily due to a $10.4 million decrease in interest income earned on loans resulting from a 23 basis point decrease in our loan yield, partially offset by growth in the average daily balance of loans of $13.3 million, as compared to the same period last year. The decline in our loan yield was primarily caused by a net increase of $8.9 million in the cost of our interest rate swaps and the prepayment of higher yielding loans, which were being replaced by loans at lower interest rates. The volume of new loans originated totaled $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted average rate on new loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 3.82% as compared to 4.43% for the same period last year. The decline in the average coupon on originations was primarily due to the decline in market interest rates. Loan prepayment speeds were 20.9% and 17.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The weighted average rate on loan payoffs/curtailments during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 4.22% as compared to 4.25% for the same period last year. Additionally, interest income on investments decreased by $4.2 million primarily due to a decrease in the yield on investment securities of 82 basis points. The decline in our investment yield was generally caused by variable rate securities repricing to lower current interest rates, as well as the accelerated prepayment of securities backed by mortgages.

Total interest expense decreased $21.9 million to $82.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $104.5 million for the same period last year. Interest expense on deposits decreased $18.5 million primarily due to the cost of interest-bearing deposits decreasing 51 basis points. The decrease in our cost of interest-bearing deposits compared to the same period last year is predominantly due to a decline in short-term interest rates due to the FOMC's interest rate cuts. Interest expense on advances from the FHLB decreased by $2.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period last year, primarily due to a decrease in the average balance and cost of FHLB advances of $106.9 million and ten basis points, respectively.

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Provision for Loan Losses

Provision for loan losses totaled $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to $250 thousand for the same period last year. The loan loss provision recognized during the first nine months of 2020 was primarily recorded to set aside reserves for the uncertain economic impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. See Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for additional information.

Noninterest Income

Noninterest income decreased by $1.8 million, or 46.7%, to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $3.9 million for the same period last year.

The following table presents the major components of our noninterest income:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Income
Gain on sale of loans	$	—	$	607	$	(607)	(100.0)	%
FHLB dividends	1,277		1,604		(327)		(20.4)	%
Fee income	192		492		(300)		(61.0)	%
Other	587		1,158		(571)		(49.3)	%
Total noninterest income	$	2,056	$	3,861	$	(1,805)	(46.7)	%

The decrease in noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to a $607 thousand gain on sale of loans and a non-recurring equipment recovery of $384 thousand, both recognized during the prior year to date period, as well as a $327 thousand decrease in FHLB stock dividends and a $421 thousand decrease in servicing fee income related to a decline in the volume of serviced loans, as well as a decrease in the the fair value of our mortgage servicing rights during the current year to date period.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense increased $1.6 million, or 3.3%, to $48.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $47.0 million for the same period last year.

The following table presents the components of our noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		$ Increase (Decrease)		% Increase (Decrease)
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and related benefits	$	32,913	$	27,857	$	5,056	18.1	%
Deposit insurance premium	1,429		985		444		45.1	%
Occupancy	3,397		4,214		(817)		(19.4)	%
Depreciation and amortization	2,029		2,001		28		1.4	%
Professional and regulatory fees	1,316		1,419		(103)		(7.3)	%
Marketing	1,511		3,442		(1,931)		(56.1)	%
Data processing	3,004		2,809		195		6.9	%
Other expenses	2,982		4,300		(1,318)		(30.7)	%
Total noninterest expense	$	48,581	$	47,027	$	1,554	3.3	%

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The increase in noninterest expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the same period last year was primarily attributable to $5.1 million in higher compensation costs mainly due to an increase in the required accrual for post-employment related retirement benefits resulting from a decline in interest rates, as well as an increase in our headcount. These increased costs were partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in marketing costs associated with deposit gathering efforts, an $817 thousand decline in occupancy costs, and a $1.1 million decline in the write-off of leasehold improvements. Both the decline in occupancy costs and the write-off of leasehold improvements were attributable to the relocation of two facilities in late 2019.

Income Tax Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded income tax expense of $13.1 million as compared to income tax expense of $15.4 million for the same period last year with effective tax rates of 29.5% and 29.8%, respectively.

Financial Condition - As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019

Total assets at September 30, 2020 were $7.1 billion, an increase of $25.8 million, or 0.4%, from December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $122.7 million increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, partially offset by an $82.5 million decrease in loans and a $10.1 million increase in our allowance for loan losses as compared to December 31, 2019. Total liabilities were $6.5 billion at September 30, 2020, an increase of $31.5 million, or 0.5%, from December 31, 2019. The increase in total liabilities was primarily attributable to growth in our deposits of $42.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in FHLB advances of $17.0 million compared to December 31, 2019.

Loan Portfolio Composition

Our loan portfolio is our largest class of earning assets and typically provides higher yields than other types of earning assets. Associated with the higher yields is an inherent amount of credit risk which we attempt to mitigate with strong underwriting. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our total loans held for investment amounted to $6.1 billion and $6.2 billion, respectively. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major product type within our portfolio as of the dates indicated.


	As of September 30, 2020				As of December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of total		Amount		% of total
Real estate loans held for investment
Multifamily residential	$	4,061,912	66.7	%	$	3,962,929	64.1	%
Single family residential	1,813,743		29.7	%	1,993,484		32.3	%
Commercial real estate	203,196		3.3	%	202,452		3.3	%
Construction and land	19,352		0.3	%	20,565		0.3	%
Non-mortgage	100		—	%	100		—	%
Total loans before deferred items	6,098,303		100.0	%	6,179,530		100.0	%
Deferred loan costs, net	50,198				51,447
Total loans held for investment	$	6,148,501			$	6,230,977

The relative composition of the loan portfolio has not changed significantly over the past few years. Our primary focus remains multifamily real estate lending, which constitutes 67% and 64% of our portfolio at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Single family residential lending is our secondary lending emphasis and represents 30% and 32% of our portfolio at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Single family residential loans have decreased slightly from the prior year due to elevated prepayments attributable to customers refinancing their hybrid-ARM loans to take advantage of lower long-term interest rates.

We recognize that these two loan products represent concentrations within our balance sheet. Multifamily loan balances as a percentage of risk-based capital were 577.1% and 562.3% as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our single family loans as a percentage of risk-based capital were 259.8% and 285.2% as of the same dates. Additionally, our loans are geographically concentrated with borrowers and collateral properties on the West Coast. At September 30, 2020, 62%, 26% and 10% of our real estate loans were

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collateralized by properties in southern California counties, northern California counties and Washington, respectively, compared to 61%, 26% and 11%, respectively, at December 31, 2019.

Our lending strategy has been to focus on products and markets where we have significant expertise. Given our concentrations, we have established strong risk management practices including risk-based lending standards, self-established product and geographical limits, annual evaluations of income property loans and semi-annual stress testing. Although we have temporarily tightened lending standards in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect to continue modestly growing our single family residential and multifamily residential loan portfolios.

We have a small portfolio of construction loans with commitments (funded and unfunded) totaling $34.7 million and $39.4 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our construction lending typically focuses on single family residential projects with completed values of $5.0 million or less and multifamily projects with loan commitments of $15.0 million or less. In response to selective underwriting due to the aforementioned pandemic, we expect growth of our construction loan portfolio to be limited.

The following table presents the activity in our loan portfolio for the periods shown:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2020		2019
Loan Inflows:
Multifamily residential	$	166,664	$	201,216	$	611,215	$	659,549
Single family residential	68,577		167,092		402,969		425,418
Commercial real estate	—		5,910		12,106		35,040
Construction and land	—		8,144		9,583		21,331


Purchases	—		—		20,380		10,052
Total loans originated and purchased	235,241		382,362		1,056,253		1,151,390

Loan Outflows:
Loan principal reductions and payoffs	(368,845)		(386,076)		(1,158,026)		(956,044)
Portfolio loan sales	—		(10,394)		—		(60,841)

Other (1)	1,066		(3,685)		19,297		(5,615)
Total loan outflows	(367,779)		(400,155)		(1,138,729)		(1,022,500)
Net change in total loan portfolio	$	(132,538)	$	(17,793)	$	(82,476)	$	128,890

(1) Other changes in loan balances primarily represent the net change in disbursements on unfunded commitments, deferred loan costs, fair value adjustments and, to the extent applicable, may include foreclosures, charge-offs, negative amortization and interest capitalized as a result of COVID-19 modifications.

Multifamily residential loans. We provide multifamily residential loans for the purchase or refinance of apartment buildings of five units or more, with the financed properties serving as collateral for the loan. Our multifamily lending is built around three core principles: market selection, deal selection and sponsor selection. We focus on markets with a high barrier to entry for new development, where there is a limited supply of new housing and where there is a high variance between the cost to rent and the cost to own. We typically lend on stabilized and seasoned assets and focus on older, smaller properties with rents at or below market levels, catering to low and middle income renters. Our customers are generally experienced real estate professionals who desire regular income/cash flow streams and are focused on building wealth steadily over time. We have instituted strong lending policies to mitigate credit and concentration risk. At September 30, 2020, our multifamily real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $1.6 million, an average unit count of 14.9 units, a weighted average loan to value of 56.9% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.54, as compared to an average loan balance of $1.6 million, an average unit count of 15.2 units, a weighted average loan to value of 56.9% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.49 at December 31, 2019.

Single family residential loans. We provide permanent financing on single family residential properties primarily located in our market areas, which are both owner-occupied and investor owned. We conduct this business primarily through a network of third party mortgage brokers with the intention of retaining these loans in our portfolio.

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The majority of our originations are for purchase transactions, but we also provide refinancings. Our underwriting criteria focuses on debt ratios, credit scores, liquidity of the borrower and the borrower’s cash reserves. At September 30, 2020, our single family residential real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $935 thousand, a weighted average loan to value of 64.4% and a weighted average credit score at origination/refreshed of 751. At December 31, 2019, our single family residential real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $905 thousand, a weighted average loan to value of 64.6% and a weighted average credit score at origination/refreshed of 750.

Commercial real estate loans. While not a large part of our portfolio during any period presented, we also lend on nonresidential commercial real estate. Our commercial real estate loans are generally used to finance the purchase of established multi-tenant industrial, office and retail sites. At September 30, 2020, our commercial real estate portfolio had an average loan balance of $2.1 million, a weighted average loan to value of 55.4% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.67, as compared to an average loan balance of $2.1 million, a weighted average loan to value of 55.9% and a weighted average debt service coverage ratio of 1.57 at December 31, 2019.

Other. Other categories of loans included in our portfolio include construction loans and non-mortgage loans. Construction loans currently consist primarily of single family construction projects. The non-mortgage loans in our portfolio were provided in support of community investment efforts.

The following table sets forth the contractual maturity distribution of our loan portfolio:


(Dollars in thousands)	Due in 1 year or less		Due after 1 year through 5 years		Due after 5 years		Total
As of September 30, 2020:
Loans
Real estate mortgage loans:
Multifamily residential	$	13	$	7,099	$	4,054,800	$	4,061,912
Single family residential	13		1,278		1,812,452		1,813,743
Commercial real estate	—		2,604		200,592		203,196
Construction and land	11,084		8,268		—		19,352
Non-mortgage	—		—		100		100
Total loans	$	11,110	$	19,249	$	6,067,944	$	6,098,303

Fixed interest rates	$	—	$	13	$	26,369	$	26,382
Floating or hybrid adjustable rates	11,110		19,236		6,041,575		6,071,921
Total loans	$	11,110	$	19,249	$	6,067,944	$	6,098,303
As of December 31, 2019:
Loans
Real estate mortgage loans:
Multifamily residential	$	—	$	1,498	$	3,961,431	$	3,962,929
Single family residential	1,445		1,403		1,990,636		1,993,484
Commercial real estate	58		1,640		200,754		202,452
Construction and land	15,884		4,681		—		20,565
Non-mortgage	—		—		100		100
Total loans	$	17,387	$	9,222	$	6,152,921	$	6,179,530

Fixed interest rates	$	—	$	352	$	29,828	$	30,180
Floating or hybrid adjustable rates	17,387		8,870		6,123,093		6,149,350
Total loans	$	17,387	$	9,222	$	6,152,921	$	6,179,530

Our fixed interest rate loans are primarily secured by single family residential properties in conjunction with our efforts to provide affordable housing financing to low-to-moderate income individuals. Our floating and adjustable

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rate loans are largely hybrid interest rate programs that provide an initial fixed term of 3 to 10 years and then convert to quarterly or semi-annual adjustments thereafter. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $4.2 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, of our floating or hybrid adjustable rate loans were at their floor rates. The weighted average minimum interest rate on loans at their floor rates was 4.09% and 4.14% at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Hybrid adjustable rate loans still within their initial fixed term totaled $5.4 billion and $5.5 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. These loans had a weighted average term to first repricing date of 3.28 years and 3.42 years at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for discussion regarding the lending initiatives implemented by the Company in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Asset Quality

Our primary objective is to maintain a high level of asset quality in our loan portfolio. We believe our underwriting practices and policies, established by experienced professionals, appropriately govern the risk profile for our loan portfolio. These policies are continually evaluated and updated as necessary. All loans are assessed and assigned a risk classification at origination based on underlying characteristics of the transaction such as collateral type, collateral cash flow, collateral coverage and borrower strength. We believe that we have a comprehensive methodology to proactively monitor our credit quality after origination. Particular emphasis is placed on our commercial portfolio where risk assessments are re-evaluated as a result of reviewing commercial property operating statements and borrower financials on at least an annual basis. Single family residential loans are subject to an annual credit score refresh. On an ongoing basis, we also monitor payment performance, delinquencies, and tax and property insurance compliance, as well as any other pertinent information that may be available to determine the collectibility of a loan. We believe our practices facilitate the early detection and remediation of problems within our loan portfolio. Assigned risk ratings, as well as the evaluation of other credit metrics, are an integral part of management assessing the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses. We periodically employ the use of an outside independent consulting firm to evaluate our underwriting and risk assessment process. Like other financial institutions, we are subject to the risk that our loan portfolio will be exposed to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for discussion regarding loan modifications in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nonperforming assets. Our nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate, if any. It is our policy to place a loan on non-accrual status in the event that the borrower is 90 days or more delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, or earlier if the timely collection of contractual payments appears doubtful. Cash payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are recognized as income only where the future collection of the remaining principal is considered by management to be probable. Loans are restored to accrual status only when the loan is less than 90 days delinquent and not in foreclosure, and the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for discussion regarding loan modifications in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Troubled debt restructurings. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs. Concessions could include reductions of interest rates, extension of the maturity date at a rate lower than the current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, reduction of accrued interest, principal forgiveness, forbearance, or other material modifications. The assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing or will likely experience financial difficulty and whether a concession has been granted is highly subjective in nature, and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for discussion regarding loan modifications in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The following table provides details of our nonperforming and restructured assets as of the dates presented and certain other related information:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Non-accrual loans
Multifamily residential portfolio	$	528		$	541
Single family residential portfolio	4,303			5,792



Total non-accrual loans	4,831			6,333
Real estate owned	—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	4,831		$	6,333
Performing TDRs	$	1,272		$	1,305
Allowance for loan losses to period end nonperforming loans	953.49		%	568.47		%
Nonperforming loans to period end loans	0.08		%	0.10		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.07		%	0.09		%
Nonperforming loans plus performing TDRs to total loans	0.10		%	0.12		%

When assessing whether a loan should be placed on non-accrual status because contractual payments appear doubtful, consideration is given to information we collect from third parties and our borrowers to substantiate their future ability to repay principal and interest due on their loans as contractually agreed.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, $22 thousand and $73 thousand, respectively, in interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual, compared to $27 thousand and $64 thousand, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $14 thousand and $44 thousand, respectively, of interest income related to performing TDR loans, compared to $42 thousand and $136 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Gross interest income that would have been recorded on non-accrual loans had they been current in accordance with their original terms was $47 thousand and $137 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $133 thousand and $189 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Allowance for loan losses. Our allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level management believes is adequate to account for probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio as of the reporting date. We determine the allowance based on a quarterly evaluation of risk. That evaluation gives consideration to the nature of the loan portfolio, historical loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, current economic and environmental conditions and risk assessments assigned to each loan as a result of our ongoing reviews of the loan portfolio. This process involves a considerable degree of judgment and subjectivity. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of management.

Our allowance is established through charges to the provision for loan losses. Loans, or portions of loans, deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Recoveries of previously charged-off amounts are credited to our allowance for loan losses. The allowance is decreased by the reversal of prior provisions when the total allowance balance is deemed excessive for the risks inherent in the portfolio. The allowance for loan losses balance is neither indicative of the specific amounts of future charge-offs that may occur, nor is it an indicator of any future loss trends. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for discussion regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our allowance for loan losses.

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The following table provides information on the activity within the allowance for loan losses as of and for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019

Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	45,985		$	35,221		$	36,001		$	34,314
Charge-offs:

Single family residential	—			—			(722)			—



Total charge-offs	—			—			(722)			—
Recoveries:

Single family residential	3			2			9			9

Construction and land	75			200			225			350

Total recoveries	78			202			234			359
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	78			202			(488)			359
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	—			(500)			10,550			250
Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	46,063		$	34,923		$	46,063		$	34,923
Allowance for loan losses to period end loans held for investment	0.75		%	0.56		%	0.75		%	0.56		%
Annualized net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans	(0.01)		%	(0.01)		%	0.01		%	(0.01)		%

Investment Portfolio

Our investment portfolio is generally comprised of government agency securities which are high-quality liquid investments under Basel III. The portfolio is primarily maintained to serve as a contingent, on-balance sheet source of liquidity and as such, is kept unencumbered. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Our investment strategy aims to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk and interest rate risk which is reflective in the yields obtained on those securities. Most of our securities are classified as available for sale, although we occasionally purchase long-term fixed rate mortgage backed securities or municipal securities for community reinvestment purposes and classify those as held to maturity. In addition, we have equity securities which consist of investments in the CRA Qualified Investment Fund.

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The following table presents the book value of our investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Book Value		% of Total		Book Value		% of Total
Available for sale debt securities (at fair value):
Government and Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential mortgage backed securities ('MBS") and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs")	$	235,840	36.64	%	$	145,192	22.44	%
Commercial MBS and CMOs	372,279		57.85	%	356,169		55.05	%
Agency bonds	15,380		2.39	%	123,713		19.12	%

Total available for sale debt securities	623,499		96.88	%	625,074		96.61	%
Held to maturity (at amortized cost):
Government Sponsored Entities:
Residential MBS	7,912		1.23	%	10,087		1.56	%
Other investments	78		0.01	%	83		0.01	%
Total held to maturity debt securities	7,990		1.24	%	10,170		1.57	%
Equity securities (at fair value)	12,070		1.88	%	11,782		1.82	%
Total investment securities	$	643,559	100.00	%	$	647,026	100.00	%

At September 30, 2020, there was no issuer, other than U.S. government agencies, where the aggregate book value or market value of such issuer’s securities held by the Company exceeded 10% of our stockholders’ equity.

Deposits

Representing 81.6% of our total liabilities as of September 30, 2020, deposits are our primary source of funding for our business operations. We have historically maintained and grown our deposit customer base in various rate environments based on our strong customer relationships, evidenced in part by increased deposits over recent years, as well as our reputation as a safe, sound, secure, "well-capitalized" institution and our commitment to excellent customer service. We are focused on growing our deposits by deepening our relationships with our existing loan and deposit customers and looking to expand our traditional product footprint with newer emphasis placed on specialty/business affiliations and transaction accounts. When competitively priced and/or for asset liability management purposes, we will supplement our deposits with wholesale deposits from deposit brokers and/or the State of California.

Total deposits increased by $42.0 million, or 0.8%, to $5.3 billion at September 30, 2020 from $5.2 billion as of December 31, 2019. Retail deposits increased $363.0 million, while wholesale deposits decreased $321.0 million. The increase in retail deposits has been primarily generated by our network of branches, while the decline in wholesale deposits was a purposeful decision by the Company to reduce excess, low yielding cash and cash equivalents from the unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition. Time deposits represent 59.8% and 67.4% of total deposits at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decline in time deposits was primarily caused by the reduction in wholesale deposits, as discussed above. We consider approximately 87.5% of our retail deposits at September 30, 2020 to be core deposits based on our internal methodology, which gives consideration to the tenure of customer relationships, product penetration and the relative cost of the deposit accounts.

Our loan to deposit ratio was 116.52% and 119.03% at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decline in this ratio was primarily due to the growth of our total deposits and the net reduction in our loan portfolio due to elevated loan prepayments outpacing loan originations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. It is common for us to operate with a loan to deposit ratio exceeding those commonly seen at other banks. Our higher than average ratio is attributed to our use of FHLB borrowings to supplement loan growth and to strategically manage our interest rate risk, as well as our preference to maintain a large proportion of our assets in real estate loans which generally provide a better yield than high-quality liquid investments.

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The following tables summarize our deposit composition by average deposits and average rates paid for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Amount		Weighted average rate paid		Percent of total deposits		Average Amount		Weighted average rate paid		Percent of total deposits
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	$	77,572	—	%	1.3	%	$	43,188	—	%	0.8	%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	368,072		0.49	%	6.8	%	201,480		1.24	%	3.8	%
Money market demand accounts	1,593,623		0.85	%	29.6	%	1,418,275		1.34	%	26.7	%
Time deposits	3,343,849		1.38	%	62.3	%	3,654,313		2.40	%	68.7	%
Total	$	5,383,116	1.16	%	100.0	%	$	5,317,256	2.07	%	100.0	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020						2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Amount		Weighted average rate paid		Percent of total deposits		Average Amount		Weighted average rate paid		Percent of total deposits
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts	$	62,931	—	%	1.2	%	$	41,567	—	%	0.8	%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts	289,325		0.62	%	5.5	%	208,287		1.30	%	4.0	%
Money market demand accounts	1,458,688		0.98	%	27.5	%	1,385,633		1.30	%	26.8	%
Time deposits	3,489,881		1.80	%	65.8	%	3,532,068		2.35	%	68.4	%
Total	$	5,300,825	1.51	%	100.0	%	$	5,167,555	2.02	%	100.0	%

The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits as of September 30, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands except for column headings)	Under $100,000			$100,000 and greater
Remaining maturity:
Three months or less	$	104,466		$	310,398
Over three through six months	127,183			399,200
Over six through twelve months	250,320			1,637,147
Over twelve months	57,045			267,456
Total	$	539,014		$	2,614,201
Percent of total deposits	10.22		%	49.54		%

The Company had time deposits that met or exceeded the FDIC insurance limit of $250 thousand of $1.4 billion at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At the same dates, the Company had $95.0 million and $416.0 million, respectively, of wholesale deposits.

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

In addition to deposits, we utilize collateralized FHLB borrowings to fund our loan growth. FHLB advances can, at times, have attractive rates and we have commonly used them to strategically extend the duration of our liabilities as part of our interest rate risk management. Total FHLB advances decreased $17.0 million, or 1.7%, to $961.7 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $978.7 million at December 31, 2019. As of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had FHLB letters of credit outstanding totaling $62.6 million.

Historically, we have utilized other instruments such as trust preferred securities and senior debt at the bank holding company level as a source of capital for our Bank to support asset growth. We have established two trusts (the

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"Trusts") of which we own all the common securities, that have issued trust preferred securities, ("Trust Securities"), to investors in private placement transactions. The proceeds of the securities qualify as Tier 1 capital under the applicable regulations for community banks with total assets less than $15 billion. In accordance with GAAP, the Trusts are not consolidated in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition but rather the common securities are included in our other assets and the junior subordinated debentures ("Notes") issued to the Trusts are shown as a liability. The following table is a summary of our outstanding Trust Securities and related Notes as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019				Date	Maturity	Rate Index
Issuer	Amount		Rate		Amount		Rate		Issued	Date	(Quarterly Reset)
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust I	$	41,238	1.63	%	$	41,238	3.27	%	3/1/2006	6/15/2036	3 month LIBOR + 1.38%
Luther Burbank Statutory Trust II	$	20,619	1.87	%	$	20,619	3.51	%	3/1/2007	6/15/2037	3 month LIBOR + 1.62%

We have the right to defer payment of interest on the Notes at any time or from time to time for a period not exceeding five years provided that no extension period may extend beyond the stated maturity of the relevant Note. During any such extension period, distributions on the Trust Securities will also be deferred, and our ability to pay dividends on our common stock will be restricted.

We have entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Securities; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Securities called for redemption by the Trusts; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of the Trusts. The Trust Securities are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the Notes, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. We have the right to redeem the Notes purchased by the Trusts, in whole or in part, on or after the redemption date. As specified in the indenture, if the Notes are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest.

In 2014, we issued senior debt totaling $95.0 million to qualified institutional investors. These senior notes are unsecured, carry a fixed interest coupon of 6.5%, pay interest only on a quarterly basis and mature on September 30, 2024. The senior debt is redeemable at any time prior to August 31, 2024, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the calculated rate for a U. S. Treasury security having a comparable remaining maturity plus 30 basis points, plus in each case accrued and unpaid interest. On or after September 1, 2024, the senior debt may be redeemed at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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The following table presents information regarding our FHLB advances and other borrowings as of and for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019
FHLB advances
Average amount outstanding during the period	$	961,747		$	1,021,396		$	972,311		$	1,079,231
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the period	961,747			1,052,115			1,040,199			1,052,120
Balance outstanding at end of period	961,747			977,210			961,747			977,210
Weighted average maturity (in years)	2.1			2.6			2.1			2.6
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	2.19		%	2.30		%	2.19		%	2.30		%
Weighted average interest rate during the period	2.20		%	2.32		%	2.27		%	2.37		%

Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
Balance outstanding at end of period	$	61,857		$	61,857		$	61,857		$	61,857
Weighted average maturity (in years)	16.3			17.3			16.3			17.3
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	1.71		%	3.58		%	1.71		%	3.58		%
Weighted average interest rate during the period	1.79		%	3.87		%	2.38		%	4.08		%

Senior unsecured term notes
Balance outstanding at end of period	$	94,509		$	94,386		$	94,509		$	94,386
Weighted average maturity (in years)	4.1			5.1			4.1			5.1
Weighted average interest rate at end of period	6.66		%	6.68		%	6.66		%	6.68		%
Weighted average interest rate during the period	6.66		%	6.68		%	6.67		%	6.68		%

Our level of FHLB advances can fluctuate on a daily basis depending on our funding needs and the availability of other sources of funds to satisfy those needs. Short-term advances allow us flexibility in funding our daily liquidity needs.

The following table sets forth the amount of short-term borrowings outstanding, comprised entirely of FHLB advances, as well as the weighted average interest rate thereon, as of the dates indicated:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2020			2019
Outstanding at period end	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Average amount outstanding	—			1,847			9,239			65,191
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end	—			—			63,000			209,700
Weighted average interest rate:
During period	—		%	2.44		%	1.45		%	2.57		%
End of period	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ equity totaled $608.8 million and $614.5 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The decrease in stockholders' equity was primarily related to stock repurchases of $34.7 million and dividends paid of $9.3 million, partially offset by net income of $31.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

In May 2020, the Company completed its $45.0 million stock repurchase program. During the current year to date period, the Company repurchased 3.9 million shares in connection with its stock repurchase program at an average price of $9.01 per share, or a 22.0% discount to tangible book value at September 30, 2020, and a total cost of

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$34.7 million. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Company repurchased a total of 4.9 million shares at an average share price of $9.19, and a total cost of $45.0 million, in connection with the program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that are not included in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition in accordance with GAAP. These transactions include commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business including commitments to fund new loans and undisbursed funds, as well as certain guarantees and derivative transactions.

Loan commitments represent contractual cash requirements to a borrower although, a portion of these commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts, shown below, do not necessarily represent future cash obligations. The following is a summary of our off-balance sheet arrangements outstanding as of the dates presented.


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commitments to fund loans held for investment	$	124,100	$	103,227

In connection with our Freddie Mac multifamily loan securitization, we entered into a reimbursement agreement pursuant to which we may be required to reimburse Freddie Mac for the first losses in the underlying loan portfolio, not to exceed 10% of the unpaid principal amount at settlement, or approximately $62.6 million. A $62.6 million letter of credit with the FHLB is pledged as collateral in connection with this reimbursement agreement. We have recorded a reserve for estimated losses with respect to the reimbursement obligation of $959 thousand and $1.0 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which is included in other liabilities and accrued expenses on the unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition. As of September 30, 2020, four loans with an aggregate principal balance of $5.6 million, or 2.2% of the aggregate remaining loan balance in the securitization pool, had been modified for payment deferral related to the COVID-19 pandemic. All four loans had returned to their respective contractual loan payments as of September 30, 2020.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we entered into two, two-year swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $1.0 billion to hedge the interest rate risk related to certain hybrid multifamily loans which are currently in their fixed rate period. The swaps involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amounts.

We guarantee the distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the Trust Securities issued by the Trusts to the extent of funds held by the Trusts. Although this guarantee is not separately recorded, the obligation underlying the guarantee is fully reflected on our unaudited consolidated statements of financial condition as junior subordinated debentures held by the Trusts. The junior subordinated debentures currently qualify as Tier 1 capital under the Federal Reserve capital adequacy guidelines. With the exception of our obligations in connection with its Trust Securities and the items detailed above, we have no other off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources, that is material to investors.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents, as of September 30, 2020, our significant contractual obligations to third parties on debt and lease agreements and service obligations. For more information about our contractual obligations, see Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data", Note 16. ‘‘Commitments and Contingencies,’’ in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Report.

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			Payments Due by Period
			Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		3 to 5 Years		More than 5 Years
(Dollars in thousands)	Total
Contractual Cash Obligations
Time deposits (1)	$	3,153,215	$	2,828,714	$	312,008	$	12,493	$	—
FHLB advances (1)	961,747		360,100		400,000		201,500		147
Senior debt (1)	95,000		—		—		95,000		—
Junior subordinated debentures (1)	61,857		—		—		—		61,857
Operating leases	16,018		4,804		6,581		2,788		1,845
Significant contract (2)	6,804		1,213		2,427		2,427		737
Total	$	4,294,641	$	3,194,831	$	721,016	$	314,208	$	64,586

(1) Amounts exclude interest
(2) We have one significant, long-term contract for core processing services which expires May 9, 2026. The actual obligation is unknown and dependent on certain factors including volume and activities. For purposes of this disclosure, future obligations are estimated using our current year-to-date average monthly expense extrapolated over the remaining life of the contract.

We believe that we will be able to meet our contractual obligations as they come due. Adequate cash levels are expected through profitability, repayments from loans and securities, deposit gathering activity, access to borrowing sources and periodic loan sales.

Liquidity Management and Capital Adequacy Liquidity Management

Liquidity refers to our capacity to meet our cash obligations at a reasonable cost. Our cash obligations require us to have cash flow that is adequate to fund loan growth and maintain on-balance sheet liquidity while meeting present and future obligations of deposit withdrawals, borrowing maturities and other contractual cash obligations. In managing our cash flows, management regularly confronts situations that can give rise to increased liquidity risk. These include funding mismatches, market constraints in accessing sources of funds and the ability to convert assets into cash. Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational risks also could affect the Bank’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in the assessment of liquidity management.

We continually monitor our liquidity position to ensure that our assets and liabilities are managed in a manner to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term, long-term and strategic liquidity demands. Management has established a comprehensive management process for identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling liquidity risk. Because of its critical importance to the viability of the Bank, liquidity risk management is fully integrated into our risk management processes. Critical elements of our liquidity risk management include: effective corporate governance consisting of oversight by the board of directors and active involvement by management; appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, and limits used to manage and mitigate liquidity risk; comprehensive liquidity risk measurement and monitoring systems including stress tests that are commensurate with the complexity of our business activities; active management of intraday liquidity and collateral; an appropriately diverse mix of existing and potential future funding sources; adequate levels of highly liquid marketable securities free of legal, regulatory, or operational impediments, that can be used to meet liquidity needs in stressful situations; comprehensive contingency funding plans that sufficiently address potential adverse liquidity events and emergency cash flow requirements; and internal controls and internal audit processes sufficient to determine the adequacy of the Bank’s liquidity risk management process.

Our liquidity position is supported by management of our liquid assets and liabilities and access to alternative sources of funds. Our liquidity requirements are met primarily through our deposits, FHLB advances and the principal and interest payments we receive on loans and investment securities. Cash on hand, unrestricted cash at third party banks, investments available for sale and maturing or prepaying balances in our investment and loan portfolios are our most liquid assets. Other sources of liquidity that are routinely available to us include funds from retail and wholesale deposits, advances from the FHLB and proceeds from the sale of loans. Less commonly used sources of funding include borrowings from the FRB discount window, draws on established federal funds lines from unaffiliated commercial banks and the issuance of debt or equity securities. We believe we have ample liquidity resources to fund future growth and meet other cash needs as necessary. Refer to Part I. Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" - "COVID-19" for additional discussion regarding liquidity.

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Our total deposits at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $5.3 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, our $961.7 million of FHLB advances outstanding and our $62.6 million FHLB letter of credit outstanding, we had $709.2 million of additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB at September 30, 2020. Based on the values of loans pledged as collateral, we had $168.2 million of borrowing capacity with the FRB at September 30, 2020. There were no outstanding advances with the FRB at September 30, 2020. In addition to the liquidity provided by the FHLB and FRB described above, we have established federal funds lines of credit with unaffiliated banks totaling $50.0 million at September 30, 2020, none of which were advanced at that date. In the ordinary course of business, we maintain correspondent bank accounts with unaffiliated banks which are used for normal business activity including ordering cash for our branch network, the purchase of investment securities and the receipt of principal and interest on those investments. Available cash balances at correspondent banks, including amounts at the FRB, totaled $202.1 million at September 30, 2020.

The Company is a corporation separate and apart from our Bank and, therefore, must provide for its own liquidity, including liquidity required to meet its debt service requirements on its senior notes and junior subordinated debentures. The Company’s main source of cash flow is dividends declared and paid to it by the Bank. There are statutory and regulatory limitations that affect the ability of our Bank to pay dividends to the Company. We believe that these limitations will not impact our ability to meet our ongoing short-term cash obligations. For contingency purposes, the Company typically maintains a minimum level of cash to fund one year’s projected operating cash flow needs.

Capital Adequacy

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking regulators. Our capital management consists of providing equity to support our current operations and future growth. Failure to meet minimum regulatory capital requirements may result in mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the capital conservation buffer, and the Bank qualified as ‘‘well-capitalized’’ for purposes of the FDIC’s prompt corrective action regulations. At September 30, 2020, the capital conservation buffer was 2.50%.

The vast majority of our multifamily residential loans and single family residential loans are currently eligible for 50% risk-weighting for purposes of calculating our regulatory capital levels. Risk-weighting requirements of multifamily residential loans and single family residential loans are contingent upon meeting specific criteria, which, if not adequately met, would increase the required risk-weighting percentage for these loans. Commercial real estate lending collateralized by real estate other than multifamily residential properties are generally risk weighted at 100%. Our leverage ratio is not impacted by the composition of our assets.

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The following table presents our regulatory capital ratios as of the dates presented, as well as the regulatory capital ratios that are required by FDIC regulations to maintain ‘‘well-capitalized’’ status:


					Minimum Required
	Actual				For Capital Adequacy Purposes				Plus Capital Conservation Buffer				For Well- Capitalized Institution
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Luther Burbank Corporation
As of September 30, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	$	660,822	9.22	%	$	286,682	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio	598,965		15.39	%	175,152		4.50	%	$	272,458	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio	660,822		16.98	%	233,536		6.00	%	330,842		8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio	708,025		18.19	%	311,381		8.00	%	408,687		10.50	%	N/A		N/A
As of December 31, 2019
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	$	671,580	9.47	%	$	283,631	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio	609,723		15.46	%	177,523		4.50	%	$	276,147	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio	671,580		17.02	%	236,697		6.00	%	335,321		8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio	708,847		17.97	%	315,596		8.00	%	414,220		10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Luther Burbank Savings
As of September 30, 2020
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	$	741,409	10.35	%	$	286,606	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		$	358,257	5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio	741,409		19.07	%	174,973		4.50	%	$	272,181	7.00	%	252,739		6.50	%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio	741,409		19.07	%	233,298		6.00	%	330,505		8.50	%	311,063		8.00	%
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio	788,612		20.28	%	311,063		8.00	%	408,271		10.50	%	388,829		10.00	%
As of December 31, 2019
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	$	748,916	10.57	%	$	283,542	4.00	%	N/A		N/A		$	354,428	5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Ratio	748,916		18.99	%	177,437		4.50	%	$	276,012	7.00	%	256,297		6.50	%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio	748,916		18.99	%	236,582		6.00	%	335,158		8.50	%	315,443		8.00	%
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio	786,183		19.94	%	315,443		8.00	%	414,019		10.50	%	394,303		10.00	%

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of operations. Unlike most industrial companies, nearly all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on our performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the price of goods or services.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the exposure to unanticipated changes in net interest earnings or loss due to changes in the market value of assets and liabilities as a result of fluctuations in interest rates. As a financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is the risk to earnings and value arising from volatility in market interest rates. Interest rate risk arises from timing differences in the repricings and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (repricing risk), changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities arising from embedded options, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity (option risk), changes in the shape of the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion (yield curve risk), and changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries and LIBOR (basis risk).

We manage market risk though our Asset Liability Council ("ALCO") which is comprised of senior management who are responsible for ensuring that board approved strategies, policy limits, and procedures for managing interest rate risk are appropriately executed within the designated lines of authority and responsibility. The ALCO meets monthly

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to review, among other things, the composition of our assets and liabilities, the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, our actual and forecasted liquidity position, investment activity and our interest rate hedging transactions. The ALCO reports regularly to our board of directors. Our board reviews all policies impacting asset and liability management and establishes risk tolerance limits for business operations on at least an annual basis.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints. In recognition of this, we actively manage our assets and liabilities to maximize our net interest income and return on equity, while managing our risk exposure and maintaining adequate liquidity and capital positions.

Given the nature of our loan and deposit activities, we are liability sensitive to volatility in interest rates. A liability sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income, as rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities would reprice upward more quickly than rates earned on our interest-earning assets, thus compressing our net interest margin. Conversely, an asset sensitive position refers to a balance sheet position in which an increase in short-term interest rates is expected to generate higher net interest income, as rates earned on our interest-earning assets would reprice upward more quickly than rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, thus expanding net interest margin.

We use two primary modeling techniques to assess our exposure to interest rates that simulate the earnings and valuation effects of variations in interest rates: Net Interest Income at Risk ("NII at Risk") and the Economic Value of Equity ("EVE"). These models require that we use numerous assumptions, including asset and liability pricing and repricing, future growth, prepayment rates, non-maturity deposit sensitivity and decay rates. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the models cannot precisely predict the fluctuations in market interest rates or precisely measure the impact of future changes in interest rates. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

Stress testing the balance sheet and net interest income using instantaneous parallel shock movements in the yield curve of -100 to 400 basis points is a regulatory and banking industry practice. However, these stress tests may not represent a realistic forecast of future interest rate movements in the yield curve.

Instantaneous parallel interest rate shock modeling is not a predictor of actual future performance of earnings. It is a financial metric used to manage interest rate risk, implement hedging transactions if the metric rises above policy limits for interest rate risk, and track the movement of the bank’s interest rate risk position over a historical time frame for comparison purposes.

Our earnings are a function of collecting both a credit risk premium on our loans and an interest rate risk premium on our balance sheet position. The purpose of these premiums being to diversify our earnings position with both credit risk and interest rate risk, which tend to be negatively correlated historically for the Bank. During weak economic times, our loan losses have been higher than normal, but the Federal Reserve will generally reduce short-term interest rates in an attempt to stimulate the economy and add liquidity. As a result, our interest rate spread will generally increase during those periods. During strong economic times, when the Federal Reserve raises short-term interest rates to dampen economic activity, the Bank’s interest rate spread decreases. These periods have historically been indicative of inflation and real property value increases. As such, the decrease in net interest income is typically somewhat offset by declining loan losses in our loan portfolio. There is no guarantee, however, that the past countercyclical nature of our loan losses and our net interest spread declines will continue in the future.

On a quarterly basis, we measure and report NII at Risk to isolate the change in income related solely to interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following table illustrates the results of our NII at Risk analysis to determine the extent to which our net interest income over the following 12 months would change if prevailing interest rates increased or decreased by the specified amounts at September 30, 2020. It models instantaneous parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve over the next one year period.

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Interest Rate Risk to Earnings (NII)
September 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	$ Change NII	% Change NII
+400 BP	$(7.7)	(5.1)%
+300 BP	(4.2)	(2.8)%
+200 BP	(1.9)	(1.3)%
+100 BP	(0.6)	(0.4)%
-100 BP	1.0	0.6%

The NII at Risk reported at September 30, 2020 reflects that our earnings are in a liability sensitive position in which an increase in interest rates is expected to generate lower net interest income. All NII stress tests measures were within our board established limits. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our NII at Risk decreased as compared to December 31, 2019 due to the decline in interest rates and our interest rate swap positions.

EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. The EVE results included in the table below reflect the analysis reviewed monthly by management. It models instantaneous parallel shifts in market interest rates, implied by the forward yield curve. The EVE model calculates the market value of capital by taking the present value of all asset cash flows less the present value of all liability cash flows.


Interest Rate Risk to Capital (EVE)
September 30, 2020
(Dollars in millions)
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	$ Change EVE	% Change EVE
+400 BP	$(167.3)	(31.3)%
+300 BP	(116.4)	(21.8)%
+200 BP	(79.8)	(14.9)%
+100 BP	(46.7)	(8.7)%
-100 BP	41.0	7.7%

The EVE at Risk reported at September 30, 2020 reflects that our market value of capital is in a liability sensitive position in which an increase in interest rates is expected to generate lower market values of capital. All EVE stress tests measures were within our board established limits. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our EVE at Risk generally increased as compared to December 31, 2019 primarily due to the decline in the Company's capital due to stock repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, partially offset by the decline in interest rates.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the NII and EVE analyses presented above. Both the NII and EVE simulations include assumptions regarding balances, asset prepayment speeds, deposit repricing and runoff and interest rate relationships among balances that we believe to be reasonable for the various interest rate environments. Differences in actual occurrences from these assumptions, as well as nonparallel changes in the yield curve, may change our market risk exposure. Simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of changes in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate interest rate risk strategies.

Hedge Positions

In managing our market risk, our board of directors has authorized the ALCO to utilize interest rate caps and swaps to mitigate on-balance sheet interest rate risk in accordance with regulations and our internal policy. We use or expect to use interest rate caps and swaps as macro hedges against inherent rate sensitivity in our loan portfolio, other interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities. Positions for hedging purposes are undertaken as mitigation to exposure primarily from mismatches between assets and liabilities.

We typically utilize FHLB advances with or without embedded interest rate caps to hedge our liability sensitive interest rate risk position. Interest rate caps embedded in FHLB advances do not qualify as derivative contracts as the cost of these contracts is inseparable from the cost of the advances and, as such, is included in interest

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expense in our unaudited consolidated statements of income. In addition, during 2019, we entered into two, two-year interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1.0 billion to hedge the interest rate risk related to certain hybrid multifamily loans which are currently in their fixed rate period. The swaps are designated as fair value hedges and involve the payment of a fixed rate amount to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving a variable rate payment over the life of the swaps without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. The gain or loss on these derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in interest income for loans in our unaudited consolidated statements of income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized a reduction in interest income of $7.3 million in connection with the swaps.

The following table summarizes FHLB borrowings with embedded caps and the other derivative instruments utilized by us as interest rate risk hedge positions as of September 30, 2020:


(Dollars in thousands)					Fair Value
Hedging Instrument	Hedge Accounting Type	Months to Maturity	Notional		Other Assets		Other Liabilities
FHLB fixed rate advance	With embedded cap	5	$	100,000	$	—	$	—
Interest rate swap	Fair value hedge	9	500,000		—		5,478
Interest rate swap	Fair value hedge	11	500,000		—		5,356
			$	1,100,000	$	—	$	10,834

Counterparty Credit Risk

Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Our policies require that counterparties must be approved by our ALCO. Additionally, contracts are in place to ensure that minimum transfer amounts and collateral requirements are established.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management of the Company, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness as of September 30, 2020, of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2020 in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.

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PART II.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are party to legal actions that are routine and incidental to our business. Given the nature, scope and complexity of the extensive legal and regulatory landscape applicable to our business, we, like all banking organizations, are subject to heightened regulatory compliance and legal risk. However, based on available information, management does not expect the ultimate disposition of any or a combination of these actions to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The section titled Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report includes a discussion of the many risks and uncertainties we face, any one or more of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition (including capital and liquidity), or prospects or the value of or return on an investment in the Company. The information presented below provides an update to, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and other information contained in our Annual Report. Except as presented below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report.

Our business and operations may be materially adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental authorities’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In December 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak was reported in China, and, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Since March 13, 2020, the U.S. has been operating under a state of emergency declared in response to the spread of COVID-19. Many local and state governments, including the State of California, have instituted emergency restrictions that have substantially limited the operation of non-essential businesses and the activities of individuals. We are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. generally, and on the West Coast in particular. The duration and impacts of the pandemic and governmental authorities’ responses to it are not yet known or knowable. Circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic and related events continue to change quickly. The spread of COVID-19, and government responses to it, have resulted in increased volatility in financial markets, very large increases in unemployment and the closure of non-essential businesses in our markets. The extent of COVID-19’s impact on us is unpredictable and depends on a number of factors outside of our control, such as the scope and duration of the pandemic, the nature and scope of any resulting economic downturn, customer response, and actions that governmental authorities may take in response to the pandemic.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is not possible to predict the ultimate impact of the pandemic on our stock price, business prospects, financial condition or results of operations. COVID-19 could cause a decline in the value of mortgaged properties or other assets that serve as our collateral and increase the risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans, damage our banking facilities and offices, negatively impact regional economic conditions, result in a decline in loan demand and loan originations, result in drawdowns of deposits by customers impacted by COVID-19, result in branch or office closures and business interruptions, and negatively impact the implementation of our business strategy. COVID-19, and governmental authorities’ responses to it, may also result in prolonged adverse economic conditions which could constrain our growth and profitability from our operations, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to increasing credit risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which could adversely impact our profitability.

Our business depends on our ability to successfully measure and manage credit risk. As a mortgage lender, we are exposed to the risk that the principal of, or interest on, a loan will not be paid timely or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting a loan will be insufficient to cover our outstanding exposure. In addition, we are exposed to risks with respect to the risks resulting from changes in economic and industry conditions and risks inherent in dealing with individual loans and borrowers. As the overall economic climate in the U.S., generally, and in our market areas specifically, experiences material disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans and governmental actions may provide mortgage payment relief to borrowers affected by COVID-19 and preclude our ability to initiate foreclosure proceedings in certain circumstances, and as a result, the collateral we hold may decrease in value or become illiquid, and the level of

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nonperforming loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require significant additional provisions for loan losses. Additional factors related to the credit quality of investor-owned single family residential, multifamily residential and other commercial real estate loans include the duration of state and local moratoriums on evictions for non-payment of rent or other fees. The payment on these loans that are secured by income producing properties are typically dependent on the successful operation of the related real estate property and may subject us to risks from adverse conditions in the real estate market or the general economy.

We are actively working to support our mortgage borrowers to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on them and on our portfolio, including through loan modifications that defer payments for a specified period of time for those who experienced a hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2020, we have modified an aggregate of $397.5 million in principal amount of mortgage loans, representing 6.5% of our loan portfolio. This amount excludes $24.0 million of modified loans that have subsequently paid off. However, our inability to successfully manage the increased credit risk caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Demand for real estate loan products may decline significantly.

There is a risk that COVID-19 could significantly adversely affect the U.S. residential and commercial real estate markets, including decreasing property values, and reduce demand for commercial and multifamily real estate and increased vacancies if businesses fail or close locations. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, state and local executive orders have been issued in our markets that include moratoriums on evictions for non-payment and limitations on the ability of real estate professionals to conduct their business, among other provisions. As a result, demand for the types of real estate secured loans that we originate may decrease, which would reduce our profitability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business and operations are concentrated in California and Washington, and we are more sensitive than our more geographically diversified competitors to adverse changes in the local economy.

Unlike many of our larger competitors that maintain significant operations located outside our market areas, substantially all of our customers are individuals and businesses located and doing business in the states of California and Washington. Our operations and profitability may be more adversely affected by a local economic downturn than those of large, more geographically diverse competitors. A downturn in the local economy could make it more difficult for our borrowers to repay their loans and may lead to loan losses that are not offset by operations in other markets. A downturn in the local economy may also reduce the ability of depositors to make or maintain deposits with us. Both of these states are currently operating under state-wide state of emergency orders issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For these reasons, any regional or local economic downturn resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or government responses to the pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to increased cybersecurity risks and security breaches during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our business faces increased cybersecurity risks due to the number of employees working remotely. Increased levels of remote access create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities, and employees may be more susceptible to phishing and social engineering attempts due to increased stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and from balancing family and work responsibilities at home. Technology resources may also be strained due to the increase in the number of remote users. It is possible that we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches. If an actual or perceived security breach occurs, customer perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and could result in the loss of customers.

A successful penetration or circumvention of the security of our systems, including those of third party providers or other financial institutions, or the failure to meet regulatory requirements for security of our systems, could cause serious negative consequences, including significant disruption of our operations, misappropriation of our confidential information or that of our customers, or damage to our computers or systems or those of our customers or counterparties, significant increases in compliance costs (such as repairing systems or adding new personnel or protection technologies), and could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to us or to our customers, loss of confidence in our security measures, customer dissatisfaction, significant litigation and regulatory exposure, and harm to our reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be adversely affected by the soundness of other financial institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has materially increased the risk associated with the interconnectedness of financial institutions. Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services companies are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, and other relationships. As a result, defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services companies, or the financial services industry generally, could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses or defaults by us or other institutions. These losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on our management team and key employees, and if they were unable to perform their duties as a result of COVID-19, our business operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our success depends, in large part, on our management team and key employees. Many of our critical functions are conducted by a small number of individuals. We have taken steps to mitigate exposure risk for our staff, including timely implementation of federal, state and local guidance and increasing our remote work capabilities. We have in place contingency succession plans for our management team and key employees. However, if one or more members of one of these groups were incapacitated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown and adds increased risk and uncertainty to our calculation of an adequate allowance for loan losses.

The extent of COVID-19’s impact on our business and our borrowers is unpredictable and depends on a number of factors outside of our control, introducing additional uncertainty into our allowance for loan loss calculations. We periodically review our allowance for loan losses for adequacy considering historical loss experience, volume and types of loans, trends in classification, volume and trends in delinquencies and non-accrual loans, economic conditions and other pertinent information. The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses is inherently highly subjective and requires us to make significant estimates of and assumptions regarding current credit risk and future trends, all of which may change materially. These estimates of loan losses are necessarily subjective and their accuracy depends on the outcome of future events. Inaccurate management assumptions, continuing deterioration of economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses. In addition, our regulators, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our loan portfolio and the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses and may require adjustments based upon judgments that are different than those of management. Differences between our actual experience and assumptions and the effectiveness of our models could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and failure to maintain sufficient liquidity could materially adversely affect our growth, business, profitability and financial condition.

Liquidity is essential to our business. Liquidity risk is the potential that we will be unable to meet our obligations as they become due because of an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner and without adverse conditions or consequences. We require sufficient liquidity to fund asset growth, meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities and withdrawals, payments on our debt obligations as they come due and other cash commitments under both normal operating conditions and other unpredictable circumstances, including events causing industry or general financial market stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Liquidity risk can increase due to a number of factors, including an over-reliance on a particular source of funding or market-wide phenomena such as market dislocation and major disasters. Factors that could detrimentally impact access to liquidity sources include, but are not limited to, a decrease in the level of our deposit activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our loans are concentrated, a decrease in real estate values ultimately impairing the value of our loans used by us as collateral to access wholesale liquidity, adverse regulatory actions against us, or changes in the liquidity needs of our depositors. Market conditions or other events could also negatively affect the level or cost of funding, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, and fund asset growth and new business transactions at a

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reasonable cost, in a timely manner, and without adverse consequences. Our inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans, and other sources could have a substantial negative effect on our business, and could result in the closure of the Bank. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on acceptable terms could be impaired by factors that affect our organization specifically or the financial services industry or economy in general. Any substantial, unexpected, and/or prolonged change in the level or cost of liquidity could impair our ability to fund operations and meet our obligations as they become due and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on customer deposits, advances from the FHLB and brokered deposits to fund our operations. Although we have historically been able to replace maturing deposits and advances, if desired, including throughout the most recent recession, which lasted from December 2007 through June 2009, we may not be able to replace such funds in the future if our financial condition, the financial condition of the FHLB or market conditions change. FHLB borrowings and other current sources of liquidity may not be available or, if available, sufficient to provide adequate funding for operations.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems of third parties, and any systems failures or interruptions resulting from or related to COVID-19 could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems. We outsource many of our major systems, such as data processing, deposit processing, loan origination, email and anti-money laundering monitoring systems. Of particular significance is our long term contract for core data processing services with Fiserv. The failure of these systems, or the termination (for force majeure reasons related to COVID-19 or otherwise) of a third party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations, and we could experience difficulty in implementing replacement solutions. In many cases, our operations rely heavily on secured processing, storage and transmission of information and the monitoring of a large number of transactions on a minute-by-minute basis, and even a short interruption in service could have significant consequences. Remote working and other factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic may significantly increase the demand and stress on information technology and telecommunications systems. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third party systems fail or experience interruptions. Moreover, state and local government orders applicable to non-essential businesses could affect the services we rely on from our third party vendors. If significant, sustained or repeated, a system failure or service denial could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, and subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no repurchases or unregistered sales of the Company’s stock during the quarter.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Description

Filed Herewith

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

3.1

Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Luther Burbank Corporation

S-1

333-221455

3.1

11/9/2017

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of Luther Burbank Corporation

S-1

333-221455

3.2

11/9/2017

4.1

Specimen Certificate for Common Stock

S-1

333-221455

4.1

11/9/2017

Pursuant to Item 601(b) (4) (iii) (A) of Regulation S-K, copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt and preferred securities are not filed. The Company agrees to furnish a copy thereof to the SEC upon request.

31.1

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer*

31.2

Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer*

32.1

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer*

32.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer*

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		LUTHER BURBANK CORPORATION

DATED:	NOVEMBER 6, 2020	By: /s/ Simone Lagomarsino
		Simone Lagomarsino
		President and Chief Executive Officer

DATED:	NOVEMBER 6, 2020	By: /s/ Laura Tarantino
		Laura Tarantino
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer