Marker Therapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2009 March (Form 10-Q)
UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q
S Quarterly
Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the
quarterly period ended March 31,
2009
£ Transition
Report Under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the
transition period from _____ to _____.
Commission
File Number: 000-27239
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
(Name of
registrant in its charter)
NEVADA
|
88-0277072
|
|
(State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
|
(I.R.S.
Employer Identification No.)
|
|
700
NW Gilman Blvd, Suite 486
Issaquah,
WA
|
98027
|
|
(Address
of principal executive offices)
|
(Zip
Code)
|
|
(604)
264-8274
|
||
(Issuer's
telephone number)
|
||
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and
(2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days. Yes S No £
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting
company. See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated
filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check
one):
£ Large
accelerated
filer £ Accelerated
filer
£ Non-accelerated
filer (Do not
check S Smaller
reporting company
if
smaller reporting company)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes £ No S
As of May
14, 2009, the Company had 24,149,827 shares of common
stock issued and outstanding.
PART
I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item
1. Financial
Statements
Description
|
Page
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2009 (Unaudited) and December 31,
2008
|
2
|
Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 and
2008, and for the Period from July 27, 1999 (Date of Inception) to March
31, 2009 (Unaudited)
|
3
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 and
2008, and for the Period from July 27, 1999 (Date of Inception) to March
31, 2009 (Unaudited)
|
4
|
Notes
to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
|
5
|
1
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
(A
Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
March
31,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
|||||||
(Unaudited)
|
||||||||
ASSETS
|
||||||||
Current
Assets
|
||||||||
Cash
|
$ | 4,741 | $ | 987 | ||||
Due
from government agency
|
32,770 | 33,263 | ||||||
Prepaid
expenses and deposits
|
- | 9,520 | ||||||
37,511 | 43,770 | |||||||
Furniture and Equipment,
net (Note 3)
|
7,271 | 9,139 | ||||||
$ | 44,782 | $ | 52,909 | |||||
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
||||||||
Current
Liabilities
|
||||||||
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
$ | 1,609,429 | $ | 1,492,586 | ||||
Research
agreement obligations (Note 4)
|
229,972 | 243,598 | ||||||
Convertible
notes payable (Note 5)
|
56,633 | 56,633 | ||||||
Notes
payable and secured loan (Note 5)
|
988,667 | 763,327 | ||||||
Due
to related parties (Note 6)
|
574,705 | 520,138 | ||||||
3,459,406 | 3,076,282 | |||||||
Commitments and
Contingencies (Notes 1, 4, 5, 7, and 9)
|
||||||||
Stockholders’
Deficit
|
||||||||
Capital
stock (Note 7)
|
||||||||
Common
stock, $0.001 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized
|
||||||||
24,149,827
shares issued and outstanding (2008 – 24,149,827)
|
24,150 | 24,150 | ||||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
17,818,076 | 17,500,559 | ||||||
Shares
and warrants to be issued (Notes 5 and 7)
|
67,400 | 323,750 | ||||||
Deficit
accumulated during the development stage
|
(21,264,524 | ) | (20,812,106 | ) | ||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
(59,726 | ) | (59,726 | ) | ||||
(3,414,624 | ) | (3,023,373 | ) | |||||
$ | 44,782 | $ | 52,909 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
2
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
(A
Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
Three
Months Ended
March
31,
|
July
27, 1999
(inception)
to
March
31,
|
||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
|||
Expenses
|
|||||
Consulting
fees
|
$ |
40,000
|
$ 35,166
|
$ 1,258,867
|
|
Consulting
fees – stock-based (Note 7)
|
-
|
36,900
|
3,285,775
|
||
Depreciation
|
1,868
|
1,869
|
211,354
|
||
Gain
on settlement of debts
|
-
|
-
|
(173,010)
|
||
General
and administrative
|
23,333
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28,981
|
2,346,643
|
||
Interest
and finance charges (Note 5)
|
199,916
|
214,550
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2,921,585
|
||
Management
fees (Note 6)
|
75,642
|
77,537
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2,009,877
|
||
Management
fees – stock-based (Note 7)
|
13,167
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85,167
|
840,557
|
||
Professional
fees
|
108,009
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134,853
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2,749,231
|
||
Research
and development (Note 6)
|
24,381
|
61,782
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5,348,732
|
||
Research
and development
–
stock-based
|
-
|
-
|
612,000
|
||
486,316
|
676,805
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21,411,611
|
|||
Net
Loss Before Other Items
|
(486,316)
|
(676,805)
|
(21,411,611)
|
||
Other
Items
|
|||||
Foreign
exchange gain
|
33,898
|
-
|
116,557
|
||
Interest
income
|
-
|
-
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30,530
|
||
Net
Loss for the Period
|
(452,418)
|
(676,805)
|
(21,264,524)
|
||
Deficit
Accumulated During the
Development
Stage, beginning
of
period
|
(20,812,106)
|
(18,616,167)
|
-
|
||
Deficit
Accumulated During the
Development
Stage, end of period
|
$
|
(21,264,524)
|
$(19,292,972)
|
$(21,264,524)
|
Basic
and Diluted Net Loss per Share
|
$ |
(0.02)
|
$ (0.03)
|
|
Weighted
Average Number of
Common
Shares Outstanding
|
24,149,827
|
23,502,681
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
3
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
(A
Development Stage Company)
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
Three
Months
Ended
March
31,
|
Three
Months
Ended
March
31,
|
July
27, 1999
(inception)
to
March
31,
|
||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
||||||||||
Cash
Flows from Operating Activities
|
||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | (452,418 | ) | $ | (676,805 | ) | $ | (21,264,524 | ) | |||
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net
cash
used in operating activities:
|
||||||||||||
Depreciation
|
1,868 | 1,869 | 211,355 | |||||||||
Gain
on settlement of debts
|
- | - | (173,010 | ) | ||||||||
Non-cash
interest and finance fees
|
153,340 | 203,581 | 2,628,174 | |||||||||
Stock-based
compensation
|
13,167 | 122,067 | 4,754,582 | |||||||||
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
||||||||||||
Due
from government agency
|
493 | (1,136 | ) | (32,770 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid
expenses and receivables
|
9,520 | 16,997 | 6,000 | |||||||||
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
116,843 | 132,154 | 1,971,612 | |||||||||
Research
agreement obligations
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(13,626 | ) | (26,723 | ) | 229,972 | |||||||
Net
Cash Used in Operating Activities
|
(170,813 | ) | (227,996 | ) | (11,668,609 | ) | ||||||
Cash
Flows from Investing Activities
|
||||||||||||
Purchase
of furniture and equipment
|
- | - | (218,626 | ) | ||||||||
Cash
acquired on reverse acquisition
|
- | - | 423,373 | |||||||||
Net
Cash Provided by Investing Activities
|
- | - | 204,747 | |||||||||
Cash
Flows from Financing Activities
|
||||||||||||
Issuance
of common stock, net
|
- | - | 8,922,125 | |||||||||
Convertible
notes
|
- | (10,000 | ) | 308,450 | ||||||||
Notes
and loans payable
|
120,000 | - | 904,845 | |||||||||
Advances
from related parties
|
54,567 | 89,997 | 1,333,183 | |||||||||
Net
Cash Provided by Financing Activities
|
174,567 | 79,997 | 11,468,603 | |||||||||
Net
Increase (Decrease) in Cash
|
3,754 | (147,999 | ) | 4,741 | ||||||||
Cash,
Beginning of Period
|
987 | 167,539 | - | |||||||||
Cash,
End of Period
|
$ | 4,741 | $ | 19,540 | $ | 4,741 | ||||||
Supplemental
cash flow information and non-cash investing
and financing
activities: (refer to Note 8)
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
4
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
(A
Development Stage Company)
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH
31, 2009 (UNAUDITED)
NOTE
1: NATURE OF
OPERATIONS
On May 9,
2002, TapImmune Inc. (“TPIM” or the “Company”), a Nevada corporation entered
into a letter of intent to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding common
shares of GeneMax Pharmaceuticals Inc. (a development stage company)
(“GPI”). GPI is a private Delaware company incorporated July 27, 1999
which has a wholly-owned subsidiary, GeneMax Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.
(“GPC”), a private British Columbia company incorporated May 12,
2000. GPI is a development stage company which was formed for the
purpose of building a biotechnology business specializing in the discovery and
development of immunotherapeutics aimed at the treatment of cancer, and
therapies for infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders and transplant tissue
rejection.
On June
28, 2007, the Company approved a name change to TapImmune Inc. and completed a
reverse stock split by the issuance of one (1) new share for each two and
one-half (2.5) outstanding shares of the Company’s common
stock. Unless specifically noted, all amounts have been retroactively
restated to recognize the reverse stock split (Note 7).
During
2000, GPI and the University of British Columbia (“UBC”) entered into a
worldwide license agreement providing GPI the exclusive license rights to
certain patented and unpatented technologies originally invented and developed
by UBC. Also during 2000, GPI and UBC entered into a Collaborative
Research Agreement (“CRA”) appointing UBC to carry out further development of
the licensed technology and providing GPI the option to acquire the rights to
commercialize any additional technologies developed within the CRA in
consideration for certain funding commitments. The lead product
resulting from these licenses is an immunotherapy vaccine, on which the Company
has been completing pre-clinical work in anticipation of clinical
trials. Specifically the Company has moved the technology through
issuance of a U.S. patent, tested various viral vectors needed to deliver the
gene that forms the basis for the vaccine, licensed a preferred viral vector and
has planned to contract out production of clinical grade vaccine. The
Company plans to continue development of the lead product vaccine through to
clinical trials. The other technologies licensed include assays,
which the Company plans to use for generation of a pipeline of immune-modulation
products. The assay technology acquired has received patent
protection.
These
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of a going
concern which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of
liabilities in the normal course of business. As at March 31, 2009,
the Company has a working capital deficiency of $3,421,895, a capital deficiency
of $3,414,624, and has incurred significant losses since
inception. Further losses are anticipated in the development stage
raising substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going
concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is
dependent on raising additional capital to fund ongoing research and
development, maintenance and protection of patents, accommodation from certain
debt obligations and ultimately on generating future profitable
operations. Planned expenditures relating to future clinical trials
of the Company’s immunotherapy vaccine will require significant additional
funding. The Company is dependent on future financings to fund
ongoing research and development as well as working capital
requirements. The Company’s future capital requirements will depend
on many factors including the rate and extent of scientific progress in its
research and development programs, the timing, cost and scope involved in
clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, pursuing further patent
protections and the timing and costs of commercialization
activities.
As
indicated in Note 5 to these financial statements a number of debt obligations
are in default.
Management
is addressing going concern remediation through seeking new sources of capital,
restructuring and retiring debt through conversion to equity and debt settlement
arrangements with creditors, cost reduction programs and seeking possible joint
venture participation. Management’s plans are intended to return the
Company to financial stability and improve continuing operations. The
Company is continuing to raise capital through private placements, related party
loans and other sources to meet immediate working capital
requirements.
Management
has retained a consulting firm to assist in debt restructuring, strategic
planning, fianincg and forward planning. As a result of this work, a significant
debt restructuring through debt for equity is expected in the next reporting
period.
There is
no certainty that the Company will be able to raise sufficient funding to
satisfy current debt obligations or to continue development of products to
marketability.
5
NOTE
2: UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR AN INTERIM PERIOD
These
unaudited financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information
and the rules and regulations of the securities and exchange
commission. They do not include all information and footnotes
required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete
financial statements. However, except as disclosed herein, there has
been no material changes in the information disclosed in the notes to the
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 included in the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. These unaudited financial statements should be read in
conjunction with those financial statements included in Form 10-K. In
the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for fair
presentation, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, have been
made. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2009 are
not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year
ending December 31, 2009.
NOTE
3: FURNITURE AND
EQUIPMENT
Furniture
and equipment consisted of the following at:
March
31,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
|||||||
(Unaudited)
|
||||||||
Computer
equipment
|
$ | 4,533 | $ | 4,533 | ||||
Furniture
and fixtures
|
3,161 | 3,161 | ||||||
Laboratory
equipment
|
16,704 | 16,704 | ||||||
24,398 | 24,398 | |||||||
Less:
accumulated depreciation
|
(17,127 | ) | (15,259 | ) | ||||
$ | 7,271 | $ | 9,139 |
NOTE
4: RESEARCH
AGREEMENTS
Crucell
Holland B.V. (“Crucell”) – Research License and Option Agreement
Effective
August 7, 2003, Crucell and GPI entered into a five-year research license and
option agreement whereby Crucell granted to GPI a non-exclusive worldwide
license for the research use of its adenovirus technology. The
Company was required to make certain payments over the five-year term totaling
Euro €450,000 (approximately $510,100).
Effective
June 6, 2005, Crucell gave the Company notice of default whereby the Company had
six months to remedy the unpaid option maintenance payments of $236,880
(€200,000) owing as at December 31, 2005. On November 16, 2005,
Crucell provided notice of termination by default due the Company’s failure to
remedy the default within the required six month period. In May 2006,
the Company negotiated a reinstatement of the original research and license
option agreement with Crucell and paid Crucell on April 20, 2006 €123,590
($151,521) in connection with the reinstatement. Under the revised
terms of the agreement, the Company would pay Crucell twelve monthly payments of
€10,300 starting May 2006 (paid to October 31, 2006, as of March 31, 2009) and a
€75,000 annual license fee (outstanding at March 31, 2009) to maintain the
reinstated agreement in good standing. In January, 2008 the Company
paid €27,316 ($40,000) towards the outstanding balance and at March 31, 2009
€172,801 ($229,972) has been included in research agreement obligations for the
Crucell agreement and is outstanding under the terms of the
agreement.
The
agreement is currently in default and management is attempting to negotiate a
revised payment schedule for the remaining balance, and a continued working
relationship. Management has proposed that Crucell would hold the
license in a dormant state until the Company can initiate manufacturing and
scheduled payments for the license. While management is confident,
and based on discussions with Crucell of the proposed future relationship, we
cannot be certain that all the conditions will be met to continue the licensing
arrangement. Should we not be able to reinstate our Crucell license,
the Company would be forced to use alternate cell lines for
manufacturing. Alternatives have already been considered and
investigated. As at March 31, 2009 there remains some uncertainty
over the satisfactory completion of arrangements with Crucell, however; formal
documents are currently being reviewed.
Operating
Lease
In March
2007, the Company entered into a laboratory lease that expires in February
2012. The terms of the operating lease agreement require the Company
to make minimum monthly payments of approximately $2,058 (CAN
$2,520). The lease contract is in default and a remedy is being
negotiated. The Company will no longer require the use of these
premises.
6
Combined
Research and Operating Obligations
The
Company has obligations under various agreements that expire through February
2012. The aggregate minimum annual payments for the years ending
March 31 are as follows:
2010 $ 32,304
2011 32,304
2012
29,612
$ 94,220
NOTE
5: CONVERTIBLE DEBT AND
PROMISSORY NOTES PAYABLE
Over the
past several years the Company has obtained financing from related and unrelated
parties under challenging conditions. The Company has been successful
to date in sustaining operations by raising additional capital, by renegotiating
or replacing debt instruments and by extending terms and conditions when default
has occurred. These forms of financing are restrictive and costly
from a market risk perspective and are restrictive from a legal and operational
perspective. As a consequence of debt restructuring there has been
substantial dilution and potential dilution to shareholders through stock based
payments and commitments required to continue or renew debt
arrangements. The Company continues to be at high risk for interest
rate exposure, liquidity, solvency and for debt renewal. As of March
31, 2009, virtually all of the Company’s promissory note debt instruments are in
default.
The
following is a summary of debt instrument transactions that are relevant to the
current and prior year:
Face
Value
|
Unamortized
Warrant
Discount
|
March
31,
2009
|
December
31,
2008
|
|||||||||||||
(Unaudited)
|
||||||||||||||||
2004
Convertible Debenture
|
$ | 56,633 | $ | - | $ | 56,633 | $ | 56,633 | ||||||||
2007
Promissory Notes
|
||||||||||||||||
Note
1, 12%, due March 30, 2009
|
125,000 | - | 125,000 | 109,277 | ||||||||||||
Note
2, 12%, due March 30, 2009
|
200,000 | - | 200,000 | 174,842 | ||||||||||||
2008
Promissory Notes
|
||||||||||||||||
Note
1, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
65,000 | - | 65,000 | 54,545 | ||||||||||||
Note
2, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
27,000 | - | 27,000 | 22,657 | ||||||||||||
Note
3, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
200,000 | - | 200,000 | 167,831 | ||||||||||||
Note
4, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
250,000 | - | 250,000 | 209,789 | ||||||||||||
Note
5, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
25,000 | - | 25,000 | 20,979 | ||||||||||||
Note
6, 18%, due March 30, 2009
|
10,000 | - | 10,000 | 3,407 | ||||||||||||
902,000 | - | 902,000 | 763,327 | |||||||||||||
2009
Secured Loan Agreement
|
||||||||||||||||
Notes,
30%, due October 4, 2009
|
120,000 | (33,333 | ) | 86,667 | - | |||||||||||
$ | 958,633 | $ | (33,333 | ) | $ | 1,045,300 | $ | 819,960 |
i) 2004
Convertible Notes and Debenture Financing
In 2004,
the Company issued two unsecured convertible promissory notes in the principal
amount of $500,000, that included interest at 8% per annum and were due twelve
months from the date of issue.
In 2006,
the Company repaid $300,000 towards the convertible notes, in addition to all
interest accrued to the date of the final payment on October 31,
2006. In 2007, the Company repaid $133,367 towards the convertible
note principal. On July 3, 2007 the Company entered into a letter
agreement extending the term of the warrants originally issued with the
outstanding convertible note for a period of two years or 18 months after
effective registration of the warrants (not completed to date), and reduced the
conversion price from $1.25 to $0.25. The incremental increase in the
fair value of the warrants resulting from the repricing was determined by
management to be $40,000 and was recorded as interest and finance
charges. The fair value was estimated using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model with an expected life of 2 years, a risk free interest rate of
5.28%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 86%. In
2008, the Company repaid $10,000 towards the convertible note
principal.
At March
31, 2009, the principal amount of $56,633 (2008 - $56,633) was
outstanding for the convertible notes, and interest of $16,142 (2008 - $15,025)
has been accrued and included in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities.
7
ii) 2007
Promissory Note 1
On August
31, 2007, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to a Company related
through a family member of a director of the Company (refer to Note 6) in the
principal amount of $125,000. The promissory note matured on
September 28, 2007 and bears interest at 12% per annum. As partial
consideration for the promissory note, on October 31, 2007, the Company issued
to the lender, as fully paid and non-assessable, 125,000 non-transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.30 per Warrant Share for an exercise period of up to one
year from the issuance date. The fair value of the warrants was
determined by management at $18,104 recorded as interest and finance
charges. The fair value was estimated using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model with an expected life of 1 year, a risk free interest rate of
5.27%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 125%.
On
December 18, 2007, the Company signed an agreement to extend the terms of the
2007 Promissory Note through February 28, 2008. As consideration for
the extension, the Company agreed to issue to the lender, as fully paid and
non-assessable, 400,000 non-transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to three years from the issuance
date. The fair value of the warrants was determined by management to
be $44,000 recorded as a warrant issuance obligation and expensed as interest
and finance charges. The fair value was estimated using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model with an expected life of 3 years, a risk free
interest rate of 4.21%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of
106%. At March 31, 2009 the warrants were not issued.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment was made to the principal amount and interest of $29,104
(2008 - $23,556) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities.
iii) 2007
Convertible Promissory Note 2
On August
31, 2007, the Company issued to the holder of 2007 Promissory Note 1 a second
promissory note (refer to Note 6) in the principal amount of
$200,000. The note bears interest at 12% per annum and is due on
demand.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment had been made to the principal amount and interest of
$43,989 (2008 - $35,112) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
Effective
October 15, 2008, the two 2007 promissory notes (Notes 5(ii) and (iii)) were
renewed through March 30, 2009. Although March 30, 2009 has passed,
the Company has not paid the principal on these promissory notes. In
consideration for the renewal, the Company issued 1,525,000 transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
two years from the issuance date. The share purchase warrants were
issued on March 11, 2009. Management estimated the fair value of the
1,525,000 Warrants to be $76,250 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model
with an expected life of 2 years, a risk free interest rate of 1.64%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 199%. The fair value of
the warrants was recorded as a discount to the note and amortized over the new
maturity term.
iv) 2008
Promissory Note 1
On April
10, 2008, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note in the principal
amount of $65,000 to an unrelated party that bears interest at 18% per annum,
due ninety (90) days from the date of issuance. Additionally, the
Company issued to the Lender, as fully paid and non-assessable, 130,000
non-transferable and registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to
acquire an equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant
Share”), at an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant Share and for an exercise
period of up to five years from the issuance date. The Company
allocated the proceeds of issuance between the promissory note and the warrants
based on their relative fair values as determined by
management. Accordingly, the Company recognized the relative fair
value of the warrants of $22,100 as a component of stockholders’
deficit. The fair value of the warrants was accreted to interest
expense by $22,100 for the year ended December 31, 2008 adjusting the carrying
value of the promissory note to $65,000. The fair value of the
warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an
expected life of five years, a risk free interest rate of 2.34%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 110%.
Effective
October 15, 2008, the 2008 promissory note was renewed through March 30,
2009. Although March 30, 2009 has passed, the Company has not paid
the principal on this promissory note. In consideration for the
renewal, the Company issued 390,000 transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to two years from the issuance
date. The share purchase warrants were issued on March 11,
2009. Management estimated the fair value of the 390,000 Warrants to
be $19,500 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an expected life of
2 years, a risk free interest rate of 1.64%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an
expected volatility of 199%. The fair value of the warrants was
recorded as a discount to the note and amortized over the new maturity
term.
8
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$11,379 (2008 - $8,495) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
v) 2008
Promissory Note 2
On May 5,
2008, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to a company controlled by
a director of the Company (refer to Note 6) in the principal amount of $27,000
that bears interest at 18% per annum, due ninety (90) days from the date of
issuance. Additionally, the Company issued to the lender, as fully
paid and non-assessable, 54,000 non-transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to five years from the issuance
date. The Company allocated the proceeds of issuance between the
promissory note and the warrants based on their relative fair values as
determined by management. Accordingly, the Company recognized the
relative fair value of the warrants of $9,720 as a component of stockholders’
deficit. The fair value of the warrants was accreted to interest
expense by $9,720 for the year ended December 31, 2008 adjusting the carrying
value of the promissory note to $27,000. The fair value of the
warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an
expected life of five years, a risk free interest rate of 1.94%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 117%.
Effective
October 15, 2008, 2008 Promissory Note 2 was renewed through March 30,
2009. Although March 30, 2009 has passed, the Company has not paid
the principal on this promissory note. In consideration for the
renewal, the Company issued 162,000 transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to two years from the issuance
date. The share purchase warrants were issued on March 11,
2009. Management estimated the fair value of the 162,000 Warrants to
be $8,100 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an expected life of
2 years, a risk free interest rate of 1.64%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an
expected volatility of 199%. The fair value of the warrants was
recorded as a discount to the note and amortized over the new maturity
term.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$4,394 (2008 - $3,196) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
vi) 2008
Promissory Note 3
On May
14, 2008, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to a company related
through a family member of an officer of the Company (refer to Note 6) in the
principal amount of $200,000 that bears interest at 18% per annum, due ninety
(90) days from the date of issuance. Additionally, the Company issued
to the lender, as fully paid and non-assessable, 400,000 non-transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
five years from the issuance date. The Company allocated the proceeds
of issuance between the promissory note and the warrants based on their relative
fair values as determined by management. Accordingly, the Company
recognized the relative fair value of the warrants of $76,000 as a component of
stockholders’ deficit. The fair value of the warrants was accreted to
interest expense by $76,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008 adjusting the
carrying value of the promissory note to $200,000. The fair value of
the warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an
expected life of five years, a risk free interest rate of 1.96%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 117%.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$31,660 (2008 - $22,784) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
vii) 2008
Promissory Note 4
On May
22, 2008, the Company issued to the holder of 2008 Promissory Note 3 a
second unsecured promissory note (refer to Note 6) in the principal
amount of $250,000 that bears interest at 18% per annum, due ninety (90) days
from the date of issuance. Additionally, the Company issued to the
lender, as fully paid and non-assessable, 500,000 non-transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
five years from the issuance date. The Company allocated the proceeds
of issuance between the promissory note and the warrants based on their relative
fair values as determined by management. Accordingly, the Company
recognized the relative fair value of the warrants of $90,000 as a component of
stockholders’ deficit. The fair value of the warrants was accreted to
interest expense by $90,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008 adjusting the
carrying value of the promissory note to $250,000. The fair value of
the warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an
expected life of five years, a risk free interest rate of 2.07%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 117%.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$38,589 (2008 - $27,493) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
9
Effective
October 15, 2008, 2008 Promissory Notes 3 and 4 (Note 5(vi) and (vii)) were
renewed through March 30, 2009. Although March 30, 2009 has passed,
the Company has not paid the principal on these promissory notes. In
consideration for the renewal, the Company issued 2,700,000 transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
two years from the issuance date. The share purchase warrants were
issued on March 11, 2009. Management estimated the fair value of the
2,700,000 Warrants to be $135,000 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model
with an expected life of 2 years, a risk free interest rate of 1.64%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 199%. The fair value of
the warrants was recorded as a discount to the note and amortized over the new
maturity term.
viii) 2008
Promissory Note 5
On May
15, 2008, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to an officer of the
Company (refer to Note 6) in the principal amount of $25,000 that bears interest
at 18% per annum, due ninety (90) days from the date of
issuance. Additionally, the Company issued to the Lender, as fully
paid and non-assessable, 50,000 non-transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to five years from the issuance
date. The Company allocated the proceeds of issuance between the
promissory note and the warrants based on their relative fair values as
determined by management. Accordingly, the Company recognized the
relative fair value of the warrants of $9,000 as a component of stockholders’
deficit. The fair value of the warrants was accreted to interest
expense by $9,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008 adjusting the carrying
value of the promissory note to $25,000. The fair value of the
warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an
expected life of five years, a risk free interest rate of 1.96%, a dividend
yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of 117%.
Effective
October 15, 2008, this promissory note was renewed through March 30,
2009. Although March 30, 2009 has passed, the Company has not paid
the principal on this promissory note. In consideration for the renewal, the
Company issued 150,000 transferable and registerable share purchase warrants
(each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of the
Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to two years from the issuance
date. The share purchase warrants were issued on March 11,
2009. Management estimated the fair value of the 150,000 Warrants to
be $7,500 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an expected life of
2 years, a risk free interest rate of 1.64%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an
expected volatility of 199%. The fair value of the warrants was
recorded as a discount to the note and amortized over the new maturity
term.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$3,945 (2008 - $2,836) has been accrued and included in the accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
ix) 2008
Promissory Note 6
On
November 15, 2008 the Company issued the holder of Promissory Note 5 a second
promissory note (refer to Note 6) in the principal amount of $10,000 that bears
interest at 18% per annum, due on March 30, 2009. Although March 30,
2009 has passed, the Company has not paid the principal on this promissory
note. Additionally, the Company issued to the lender, as fully paid
and non-assessable, 200,000 non-transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to two years from the issuance
date. The share purchase warrants were issued on March 11,
2009. Management estimated the fair value of the 200,000 Warrants to
be $10,000, because the Black-Scholes option pricing model resulted in a value
of $18,000, higher than the principal amount, with an expected life of 2 years,
a risk free interest rate of 1.22%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an expected
volatility of 190%. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as a
discount to the note and amortized over the new maturity term.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$594 (2008 - $150) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and accrued
liabilities.
x) 2009
Secured Loan Agreement
On
February 4, 2009, the Company entered into a secured loan agreement pursuant to
which it issued secured convertible debentures (the “Debentures”) with a term of
180 days. The Debentures total a principal amount of $120,000 and
carry a per annum interest rate of 30%. In connection with the
issuance of the Debentures, the Company entered into a Security Agreement with
the Debenture holders secured by all of the Company’s assets, including the
Company’s tangible assets and patents and patent applications, until there has
been full compliance with the terms of the Debentures.
10
In
connection with the Debentures, the Company issued warrants to purchase 20,000
shares of its common stock for every $1,000 in face amount of the Debentures for
a total of 2,400,000 warrants. The Warrants have a term of two years
from the date of issuance. A holder of the Warrants may exercise
those Warrants at $0.02 subject to adjustments upon the occurrence of certain
events like stock splits. The Company has agreed that any shares into
which the Debenture can be converted or into which the Warrants may be exercised
shall be included in any registration statement that the Company may elect to
file for the registration of its common stock. Management estimated
the fair value of the 2,400,000 Warrants to be $48,000 using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with an expected life of 2 years, a risk free interest rate
of 0.23%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an expected volatility of
224%. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as a discount to
the notes and is being amortized over the term of the agreement.
At March
31, 2009, no repayment has been made to the principal amount and interest of
$5,425 (2008 - $Nil) has been accrued and included in accounts payable and
accrued liabilities.
NOTE
6: RELATED PARTY
TRANSACTIONS
During
the three months ended March 31, 2009, the Company entered into transactions
with certain officers and directors of the Company as follows:
(a)
|
incurred
$75,642 (2008 - $77,537) in management fees, and recorded $13,167 (2008 -
$85,167) in stock based compensation for the fair value of options granted
to management that were granted and or vested during the
period;
|
(b)
|
incurred
$Nil (2008 - $44,343) in research and development fees to related parties,
of which $Nil (2008 - $29,878) was to the former Chief Science Officer
(CSO) and $Nil (2008 - $14,465) was paid or payable to a direct family
member of a current officer;
|
(c)
|
incurred
$5,548 (2008 - $3,740) in interest and finance charges on a $125,000
promissory note due to a company related through a direct family member of
a current director (refer to Note 5(ii)); incurred $8,877 (2008 - $5,984)
in interest and finance charges on a $200,000 convertible promissory note
due to the same company (refer to Note 5(iii)); and incurred $40,881 (2008
- $Nil) in interest and finance charges related to an agreement to issue
warrants in connection with extending the terms of the $125,000 and
$200,000 notes through March 30, 2009 (refer to Note
5(iii));
|
(d)
|
incurred
$1,198 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges on a $27,000
promissory note issued to a company controlled by a director of the
Company, and incurred $4,343 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges
related to an agreement to issue warrants in connection to extending the
term through March 30, 2009 (refer to Note
5(v));
|
(e)
|
incurred
$8,877 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges on a $200,000
promissory note issued to a company related through a family member of an
officer of the Company (refer to Note 5(vi)); incurred $11,096 (2008 -
$Nil) in interest and finance charges on a $250,000 promissory note issued
to the same company (refer to Note 5(vii)); and incurred $72,380 (2008 -
$Nil) in interest and finance charges related to an agreement to issue
warrants in connection to extending the terms of the $200,000 and $250,000
notes through March 30, 2009 (refer to Note
5(vii));
|
(f)
|
incurred
$1,110 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges on a $25,000
promissory note issued to an officer of the Company, and incurred $4,021
(2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges related to an agreement to
issue warrants in connection to extending the term through March 30, 2009
(refer to Note 5(viii)); and
|
(g)
|
incurred
$444 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges on a $10,000 promissory
note issued to an officer of the Company, and incurred $6,593 (2008 -
$Nil) in interest and finance charges related to an agreement to issue
warrants in connection to the note issuance (refer to Note
5(ix)).
|
(h)
|
issued
a $15,000 secured promissory note bearing interest at 30% per annum and
issued 300,000 transferable and registerable share purchase warrants with
an exercise price of $0.02 per share for an exercise period of up to two
years from the issuance date to a direct family member of an officer of
the Company, incurred $678 (2008 - $Nil) in interest and finance charges
on the $15,000 promissory note, and incurred $1,833 (2008 - $Nil) in
interest and finance charges related to the issued warrants (refer to Note
5(x));
|
All
related party transactions (other than stock based consideration) involving
provision of services were recorded at the exchange amount, which
is the amount established and agreed to by the related parties as
representing fair value.
At March
31, 2009, the Company had amounts owing to directors and officers of $494,627
(2008 - $438,591), a direct relative of an officer of $29,530 (2008 - $29,530),
and the former CSO of $50,548 (2008 - $52,017). These amounts were in
the normal course of operations. Amounts due to related parties are
unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no specific terms of repayment, except
as described above.
11
NOTE
7: CAPITAL
STOCK
Share
Capital
The
authorized capital of the Company consists of 500,000,000 common shares with
$0.001 par value and 5,000,000 non-voting preferred shares with $0.001 par
value. On March 27, 2007, the Company’s Articles of Incorporation
were amended to increase the authorized capital from 20,000,000 shares of common
stock to 80,000,000 shares of common stock, and on January 22, 2009 the
authorized capital increased from 80,000,000 shares of common stock to
500,000,000 shares of common stock at a special meeting of the
shareholders.
All prior
period share transactions included in the Company’s stock transactions and
balances have been retroactively restated to give effect to a 2.5 to 1 reverse
stock split that occurred June 28, 2007.
2007
Capital Transactions
On
December 19, 2007 the Company agreed to issue 120,000 shares of restricted
common stock with an estimated fair value of $0.195 per share, pursuant to a
consulting services agreement. As of March 31, 2009, the $23,400 fair
value of the shares to be issued has been recorded as an obligation to issue
shares and warrants.
2008
Capital Transactions
On April
8, 2008, the Company issued 300,000 shares of restricted common stock with an
estimated fair value based on market trading value of $0.30 per share, pursuant
to a consulting services agreement. The $90,000 fair value of the
issued shares has been recorded as stock-based consulting
fees. Additionally, pursuant to the consulting services agreement,
the Company has committed to issue options to acquire 200,000 shares of the
Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The
vesting and expiry terms are to be determined at the time of
grant. As of March 31, 2009 the options were not
issued. No stock based compensation has been recorded for this
commitment as the fair value could not be reasonably determined at
the commitment date.
The
Company has not separately disclosed the fair market value of the warrants
attached to private placements units during the current and prior fiscal
years.
Stock
Compensation Plan
On June
8, 2007, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the adoption of a stock
option plan (the “2007 Plan”) allowing for the granting of up to 6,400,000
options to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company and its
subsidiaries. Options granted under the Plan shall be at prices and
for terms as determined by the Board of Directors. Options granted
under the Plan may have vesting requirements as determined by the Board of
Directors.
On June
8, 2007, a total of 6,320,000 stock options were granted (1,640,000 to
consultants and 4,680,000 to officers and directors) at an exercise price of
$0.25 per share. The term of these options is ten
years. Of the 6,320,000 options granted, 3,100,000 vested upon grant,
2,420,000 vest in one year, 400,000 vest in two years and 400,000 vest in three
years. The aggregate fair value of these options was estimated at
$1,179,600, or $0.19 per option, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model
with a risk free interest rate of 5.26%, a dividend yield of 0%, an expected
volatility of 83%, and expected life of 5 years for the options vesting
immediately, 4 years for the options vesting in one year, 3 years for the
options vesting in two years, and 2 years for the options vesting in three
years. The earned portion of the value of these options during the
three months ended March 31, 2009 was $13,167 (2008 - $122,067) of which $Nil
(2008 - $36,900) was recorded as stock based consulting and $13,167 (2008 -
$85,167) was recorded as stock based management fees. A balance of
$27,444 of unvested stock option compensation value will be expensed over the
remaining vesting period.
A summary
of the Company’s stock options as of March 31, 2009 and changes during the
period is presented below:
Number
of
Options
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
|
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
|
||||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
6,320,000 | $ | 0.25 | 8.43 | ||||||||
Issued
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
Balance,
March 31, 2009 (Unaudited)
|
6,320,000 | $ | 0.25 | 8.19 |
A summary
of the status of the Company’s unvested options as of March 31, 2009 is
presented below:
12
Number
of
Shares
|
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair
Value
|
|||||||
Unvested,
December 31, 2008
|
800,000 | $ | 0.20 | |||||
Vested
|
(83,333 | ) | $ | 0.20 | ||||
Unvested,
March 31, 2009 (Unaudited)
|
716,667 | $ | 0.20 |
Share
Purchase Warrants
On
December 18, 2007 the Company signed an agreement to extend the terms of the
2007 Promissory Note through February 28, 2008 (refer to Note
5(ii)). As consideration for the extension, the Company agreed to
issue to the lender, as fully paid and non-assessable, 400,000 non-transferable
and registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.25 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
three years from the issuance date. The fair value of the
warrants was determined by Management at $44,000 recorded as a warrant issuance
obligation.
Effective
October 15, 2008, the 2007 and 2008 promissory notes (Notes 5(ii) through
(viii)) were renewed through March 30, 2009. In consideration for the
renewal, on March 11, 2009 the Company issued 4,927,000 transferable and
registerable share purchase warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an
equivalent number of common shares of the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at
an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share and for an exercise period of up to
two years from the issuance date. The fair value of these warrants
was determined to be $246,350, using the Black-Scholes model (assumptions in
Note 5). For the three months ended March 31, 2009, the remaining
$132,079 of the total value was expensed as financing costs.
Effective
November 25, 2008, the Company agreed to issue, as fully paid and
non-assessable, 200,000 non-transferable and registerable share purchase
warrants (each a “Warrant”), to acquire an equivalent number of common shares of
the Company (each a “Warrant Share”), at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant
Share and for an exercise period of up to two years from the issuance
date. The warrant obligation was agreed to as part of a promissory
note agreement (refer to Note 5 (ix)), and issued on March 11,
2009. The fair value of these warrants was determined to be $10,000,
using the Black-Scholes model (assumptions in Note 5), and recorded in equity as
an obligation to issue warrants. For the three months ended March 31,
2009, the remaining $6,593 of the total value was expensed as financing
costs.
In
connection with the Debentures, on February 4, 2009 the Company issued warrants
to purchase 20,000 shares of its common stock for every $1,000 in face amount of
the Debentures for a total of 2,400,000 warrants. The Warrants have a
term of two years from the date of issuance. A holder of the Warrants
may exercise those Warrants at $0.02 subject to adjustments upon the occurrence
of certain events like stock splits. The Company has agreed that any
shares into which the Debenture can be converted or into which the Warrants may
be exercised shall be included in any registration statement that the Company
may elect to file for the registration of its common
stock. Management estimated the fair value of the 2,400,000 Warrants
to be $48,000 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with an expected life
of 2 years, a risk free interest rate of 0.23%, a dividend yield of 0%, and an
expected volatility of 224%. The fair value of the warrants was
recorded as a discount to the notes and is being amortized over the term of the
agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, $14,667 of the
total value was expensed as financing costs.
13
A summary
of the Company’s stock purchase warrants as of March 31, 2009 and changes during
the period is presented below:
Number
of
Warrants
|
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
|
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Life
|
||||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
11,917,667 | $ | 0.25 | 3.15 | ||||||||
Issued
|
7,527,000 | 0.01 | 2.00 | |||||||||
Exercised,
cancelled or expired
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
Balance,
March 31, 2009
(Unaudited)
|
19,444,667 | $ | 0.16 | 2.52 |
NOTE
8: SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW
INFORMATION AND NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Three
Months Ended March 31,
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Interest
paid
|
$ | - | $ | - | ||||
Income
taxes paid
|
$ | - | $ | - |
NOTE
9: CONTINGENCY
Contingency
The
Company has not filed income tax returns for several years in certain operating
jurisdictions, and may be subject to possible compliance penalties and
interest. Management is currently not able to make a reliably
measurable provision for possible liability for penalties and interest, if any,
at this time the Company may be liable for such amounts upon
assessment. Penalties and interest, if assessed in the future, will
be recorded in the period such amounts are determinable.
Commitment
The
Company signed an agreement effective October 1, 2008 with an arms
length consulting firm in the United States to assist in strategic planning,
debt consolidation and negotiation, strategic partnering, mergers, acquisition
and near and long term financing. Pursuant to such Agreement the
consulting firm will be compensated $10,000 a month for the term of the
Agreement (36 months with mutual cancellation clauses upon
notice). Continuation of the agreement is subject to the deliverables
outlined therein including strategic planning, successful debt consolidation and
restructuring and funding of at least $750,000. After certain
restructuring efforts have taken place, the consulting firm would be provided
with a mobilization fee of $75,000, issued 2 million common shares and three
tranches of warrants, the first priced at the market when issued and the
subsequent warrants at 50% and 100% premiums, respectively, to the first set of
warrants. As at March 31, 2009 the deliverables had not been met and
only the monthly consulting fee has been incurred.
__________
14
Item
2. Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This
quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the
meaning of Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than
statements relating to historical matters including statements to the effect
that we “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “plan”, “target”, “intend” and
similar expressions should be considered forward-looking
statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those
discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important
factors, including factors discussed in this section and elsewhere in this
quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including those discussed in Item 1A of this
report under the heading “Risk Factors”, and the risks discussed in our other
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers are
cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which
reflect management’s analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as the date
hereof. We assume no obligation to update these forward-looking
statements to reflect events or circumstance that arise after the date
hereof.
As
used in this quarterly report: (i) the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “TapImmune” and
the “Company” mean TapImmune Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, GeneMax
Pharmaceuticals Inc. which wholly owns GeneMax Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc.,
unless the context otherwise requires; (ii) “SEC” refers to the Securities and
Exchange Commission; (iii) “Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of
1933, as amended; (iv) “Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended; and (v) all dollar amounts refer to United States dollars
unless otherwise indicated.
The
following discussion of our plan of operations, results of operations and
financial condition as at and for the three months ended March 31, 2009 should
be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated interim financial
statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2009 included
in this quarterly report, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2008.
Overview
We are
focused on developing innovative therapeutics to treat serious disorders,
primarily for cancer and infectious diseases. We have conducted a
number of successful preclinical studies using our TAP gene technology in
combination with adeno virus, with the aim of completing our preclinical trials
and filing an Investigational Drug Application for cancer in 15-18
months. We are also pursuing the development of a vaccine adjuvant
for prophylactic infectious disease vaccines using our TAP technology
with the aim of establishing licensing and partnering relationships to generate
revenue and advance our pipeline closer to commercial products.
Management
believes that an estimated $5,000,000 in conjunction with a significant debt
reduction through creditor negotiation and /or equity for debt settlement is
required over the next two years for expenses associated with the balance of
pre-clinical development and completion of toxicology trials for the TAP Cancer
Vaccine and prophylactic vaccine adjuvant and for various operating
expenses. We are encouraged by recent success stories in the small
cap biotech arena where larger biotech and pharmaceutical companies have taken
significant positions in, or invested in joint development projects with,
smaller companies like ours. Also companies with similar approaches
to cancer therapies have achieved posive results in the clinic giving the sector
renewed visibility. Pandemic outbreaks are a constant threat and the
recent H1N1 (Swine Flu) outbreak also highlights the critical need for
substantial improvements in treatments and availability of
vaccine. This also narrows the focus of the market into an area where
we believe we can make an impact. While the capital markets are still
very challenging, we are hopeful that our early success and very promising
technology will enable us to raise the required funding to proceed.
Management
has been working with a consulting firm over the past few months to determine a
workable solution for the Company going forward. As the Company’s
growth has been limited by a significant debt burden, a consulting firm has been
engaged to negotiate with various creditors in an effort to restructure certain
debt, including the notes mentioned above, and payables thereby placing the
Company on a stronger foundation for a subsequent
fundraising. Management is confident that a workable solution can be
achieved and a siginificant debt for equity restructure is expecting in the next
reporting period.
In
conjuction with the restructuring efforts the company recently entered into a
series of secured loan agreements. The terms of this funding contain onerous
security provisions, interest rates and performance requirements. Due
to difficulties in raising funds in the capital markets in early 2009,
management arranged this financing with private lenders under the specified
terms as certain critical expenditures had to be met to sustain the
Company. Although there is no certainty, management believes the
Company will secure adequate funding prior to the maturity date to repay the
loan and release the secured collateral.
15
We have
incurred losses since our inception and expect to incur losses over the next
several years. Bringing medical products to commercialization is a
lengthy process requiring many years of development and clinical trials during
which there are no definable sources of revenue. There can be no
assurance that we will successfully acquire, develop, commercialize,
manufacture, or market our product candidates or ever achieve or sustain product
revenues or profitability. The current market conditions for our
industry sector make it more challenging to raise additional capital with
reasonable terms.
University
of British Columbia Agreement
We had
conducted our research and development at the University of British Columbia
(“UBC”) under a Collaborative Research Agreement (“CRA”), however, as a
consequence of our Option and Settlement Agreement with UBC, we presently plan
to conduct or contract out our own research and development and continue to
contract out clinical grade production of our TAP based vaccines. In
addition, we have an option on any improvements or related TAP technolpgies
coming out of UBC and during this period we executed that option on 3 additional
technologies and the related intellectual property. Final
documentation transferring ownership is pending.
Crucell
Agreement
Pursuant
to the Research License and Option Agreement Crucell granted us a non-exclusive,
worldwide license for Crucell’s adenovirus technology and an option for a
non-exclusive, worldwide commercial license to manufacture, use, offer for sale,
sell and import products using the licensed technology in the therapy of human
subjects by administering a modified and proprietary adeno virus vector (used to
package our TAP gene technology and deliver it to the target cancer cell in the
patient) including, but not limited to, therapeutic gene
sequence(s). Total obligations under this agreement were
€450,000. In May 2006 we negotiated a reinstatement of the original
Research and License Option Agreement with Crucell and paid Crucell €123,590
($151,521) in connection with the reinstatement. Under the revised
terms of the agreement, we were to pay Crucell twelve monthly payments of
€10,300 starting May 2006 (paid to October 31, 2006) and a €75,000 annual
license fee (adjusted for CPI) in order to keep the reinstated agreement in good
standing. In January, 2008 the Company paid €27,316 ($40,000) towards
the outstanding balance and at March 31, 2009 €172,801 ($229,927) has been
included in research agreement obligations for the Crucell
agreement. Over the last few months we have had discussions resulting
in an informal commitment to hold our license in a dormant state until we are
able to meet some of the payment requirements and are funded to continue with
our development program.
National
Institute of Health Agreement
We also
have a License Agreement with the National Institute of Health (USA) for the use
of the Modified Vaccinia Ankora (MVA) virus for the development of
vaccines. We will continue to license this technology for the
development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious
diseases. Under the terms of this agreement we are required to pay a
royalty of $2,500 per year. This license will be regotiated pending
funding.
Intellectual
Property, Patents and Trademarks
Patents
and other proprietary rights are vital to our business operations. We
protect our technology through various United States and foreign patent filings,
and maintain trade secrets that we own. Our policy is to seek
appropriate patent protection both in the United States and abroad for its
proprietary technologies and products. We require each of our
employees, consultants and advisors to execute a confidentiality agreement upon
the commencement of any employment, consulting or advisory relationship with
us. Each agreement provides that all confidential information
developed or made known to the individual during the course of the relationship
will be kept confidential and not be disclosed to third parties except in
specified circumstances. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that
all inventions conceived of by an employee shall be our exclusive
property.
Patent
applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy until patents are
issued. There can be no assurance that our patents, and any patents
that may be issued to us in the future, will afford protection against
competitors with similar technology. In addition, no assurances can be given
that the patents issued to us will not be infringed upon or designed around by
others or that others will not obtain patents that we would need to license or
design around. If the courts uphold existing or future patents containing broad
claims over technology used by us, the holders of such patents could require us
to obtain licenses to use such technology.
Pursuant
to the acquisition agreement with UBC, we acquired the portfolio of intellectual
property as follows:
16
Method
of Enhancing Expression of MHC Class I Molecules Bearing Endogenous
Peptides
On March
26, 2002, the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued US Patent No.
6,361,770 to UBC for the use of TAP-1 as an immunotherapy against all
cancers. The patent is titled “Method of Enhancing Expression of MHC
Class I Molecules Bearing Endogenous Peptides” and provides comprehensive
protection and coverage to both in vivo and ex vivo applications of TAP-1 as a
therapeutic against all cancers with a variety of delivery
mechanisms. The inventors were Dr. Jefferies, Dr. Reinhard
Gabathuler, Dr. Gerassinmoes Kolaitis and Dr. Gregor S.D. Reid, who collectively
assigned the patent to UBC under an assignment agreement. The patent
expires March 23, 2014. We have pending applications for patent
protection for this patent in Europe and in Japan.
Method
of Enhancing an Immune Response
U.S.
patent No. 7,378,087, issued May 27 2008. The patent claims relate to
methods for enhancing the immune response to tumor cells by introducing the TAP
molecule into the infected cells. Patent applications are pending on
other aspects of the company’s technology. The inventors were
Jefferies, Wilfred A.; Zhang, Qian-Jin; Chen, Susan Shu-Ping; Alimonti, Judie
B., who collectively assigned the patent to UBC under an assignment
agreement.
Method
of Identifying MHC Class I Restricted Antigens Endogenously Processed by a
Secretory Pathway
On August
11, 1998, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued US Patent No. 5,792,604 to
UBC, being a patent for the use of bioengineered cell lines to measure the
output of the MHC Class I restricted antigen presentation pathway as a way to
screen for immunomodulating drugs. The patent is titled “Method of
Identifying MHC Class I Restricted Antigens Endogenously Processed by a
Secretory Pathway.” This patent covers the assay which can identify
compounds capable of modulating the immune system. The inventors were
Dr. Jefferies, Dr. Gabathuler, Dr. Kolaitis and Dr. Reid, who collectively
assigned the patent to UBC under an assignment agreement. The patent
expires on March 12, 2016. We have been granted patent protection for
this patent in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden Switzerland and the
United Kingdom, and have applied for patent protection in Canada and
Japan.
TAP
Vaccines and other filings
Patent
applications have been filed by TapImmune and UBC in respect of our technologies
and those currently under assignment. In December 2006, January,
November and December 2007, we made additional filings as continuations or new
filings with regard to the same technologies as well as their applications in
infectious diseases. We intend to continue to work with UBC to file
additional patent applications with respect to any novel aspects of our
technology to further protect our intellectual property portfolio. As
disclosed above three additional patents have been acquired under the execution
of the option agreement.
Our
Financial Condition
During
the next 12 months we anticipate that we will not generate any
revenue. We had cash of $4,741 and a working capital deficit of
$3,421,895 at March 31, 2009. We will require significant additional
financial resources and will be dependant on future financings to fund our
ongoing research and development as well as other working capital
requirements.
Plan
of Operation and Funding
Management
believes that an estimated $5,000,000 in conjunction with a significant debt
reduction through creditor negotiation and /or equity for debt settlement is
required over the next two years for expenses associated with the balance of
pre-clinical development and completion of toxicology trials for the TAP Cancer
Vaccine and prophylactic vaccine adjuvant and for various operating
expenses. We are encouraged by recent success stories in the small
cap biotech arena where larger biotech and pharmaceutical companies have taken
significant positions in, or invested in joint development projects with,
smaller companies like ours. While the capital markets are currently
very challenging, we are hopeful that our early success and very promising
technology will enable us to raise the required funding to proceed.
The 2008
fiscal year was a very challenging year in the capital markets. We
were not able to secure significant funding after the smaller bridge funding we
completed in December 2007. We were able to continue important patent
work resulting in the granting of a significant patent mid way through
2008. We were also able to complete initial testing of the research
vaccine stocks we had. With that data in hand we were able to set out
a clear pre-clinical vaccine construction and manufacturing plan and timeline
with the right FDA accredited partners. Unfortunately as the markets
continued to deteriorate we were not able to secure the funding required to
enter into those contracts. As all of the relationships are in place
and contracts have been planned, once funding is secured, this work could begin
fairly quickly.
17
Over the
past several years and 2008 being no exception, the Company has obtained
financing from related and unrelated parties under challenging
conditions. The company has been successful to date in raising
sufficient funding to sustain operations by renegotiating or replacing debt
instruments and by extending terms and conditions when default has
occurred. These forms of financing are costly from a market risk
perspective and from a legal and operation expense perspective. As a
consequence of debt restructuring there has been substantial dilution and
potential dilution to shareholders through stock based payments and commitments
required to continue or renew debt arrangements. As an example during
2008 some of promissory notes had expired (some well over a year beyond their
initial term) and a call on them would have caused the company severe distress
and even bankruptcy, as consideration for the extension and continued support
additional warrants were issued at a discount to the lowest bid price at the
time. The note holders had all expected the short term loans to be
repaid and could have asked for collateral security. All the note
holders indicated that the outstanding debt was a significant burden on their
own businesses during a very challenging capital market and now carried
significant risk. These loans were crucial to the company in order to
keep it afloat and to make payments that would ultimately have left company with
no assets had they not been entered into.
Management
has been working with a consulting firm over the past few months to determine a
workable solution for the Company going forward. As the Company’s
growth has been limited by a significant debt burden, a consulting firm has been
engaged to negotiate with various creditors in an effort to restructure certain
debt, including the notes mentioned above, and payables thereby placing the
Company on a stronger foundation for a subsequent
fundraising. Management is confident that a workable solution can be
achieved.
In
conjuction with the restructuring efforts the company recently entered into a
series of secured loan agreements. The terms of this funding contain
onerous security provisions, interest rates and performance
requirements. Due to difficulties in raising funds in the capital
markets in early 2009, management arranged this financing with private lenders
under the specified terms as certain critical expenditures had to be met to
sustain the Company. Although there is no certainty, management
believes the Company will secure adequate funding prior to the maturity date to
repay the loan and release the secured collateral.
Additional
fund raising is required to initiate our preclinical manufacturing
contracts. The short term requirement is roughly $1,000,000 to
$1,500,000 for the next 12 months to get us to a point where we can initiate a
Phase 1 study (a single phase 1 study will cost approximately
$1M). Outside of internal development and contracted manufacturing,
management has been actively seeking partnerships and joint venture
opportunities with suitable companies.
We have
not generated any cash flows to fund our operations and activities due primarily
to the nature of lengthy product development cycles that are normal to the
biotech industry. Therefore, we must raise additional funds in the
future to continue operations. We intend to finance our operating
expenses with further issuances of common stock. We believe that
anticipated future private placements of equity capital, if successful, may be
adequate to fund our operations over the next 24 months. Thereafter,
we expect we will need to raise additional capital to meet long-term operating
requirements. Our future success and viability are dependent on our
ability to raise additional capital through further private offerings of our
stock or loans from private investors. Additional financing may not
be available upon acceptable terms, or at all. If adequate funds are
not available or not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to
conduct our proposed business operations successfully, which could significantly
and materially restrict or delay our overall business operations.
Results
of Operations
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31,
2008
We did
not earn any interest or other revenues during the three months ended March 31,
2009 or over the same period ended March 31, 2008. We did not
maintain any interest bearing deposits during the current fiscal
year. Foreign exchange gains increased to $18,350 during the three
months ended March 31, 2009 from $Nil over the same period ended March 31,
2008.
Our
general and administrative expenses decreased to $470,768 during the three
months ended March 31, 2009 from $676,805 over the same period ended March 31,
2008. Significant changes in operating expenses are outlined as
follows:
·
|
Consulting
fees – stock-based decreased to $Nil during the three months ended March
31, 2009 from $36,900 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. We recorded stock based compensation for 2007 option
grants earned during the prior
period.
|
18
·
|
Interest
and finance charges decreased to $199,916 during the three months ended
March 31, 2009 from $214,550 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. Current and prior period interest charges are primarily
accretion of interest and the fair value of warrants issued with
promissory notes.
|
·
|
Management
fees – stock-based decreased to $13,167 during the three months ended
March 31, 2009 from $85,167 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. We recorded stock based compensation for 2007 option
grants earned during the current and prior
periods.
|
·
|
Professional
fees decreased to $108,009 during the three months ended March 31, 2009
from $134,853 during the same period ended March 31, 2008 due to
significant activity relating to patent applications during the prior
year.
|
·
|
Research
and development decreased to $24,381 during the three months ended March
31, 2009 from $61,782 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. Monthly obligations related to research and compensation
agreements were not in effect during the current
period.
|
Our net
loss decreased to $452,418 during the three months ended March 31, 2009 from
$676,805 over the same period ended March 31, 2008. The decrease
resulted from changes in operating expenses discussed above.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
At March
31, 2009 we had $4,741 in cash. Generally, we have financed our
operations through the proceeds from convertible notes and the private placement
of equity securities as noted in Financing Activities below. We
increased our net cash by $3,754 during the three months ended March 31, 2009
compared to a decrease of $147,999 during the same period ended March 31,
2008.
Operating
Activities
Net cash
used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2009 was
$170,813 compared to $227,996 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. We had no revenues during the current or prior
periods. Operating expenditures, excluding non-cash interest and
stock-based charges during the current period primarily consisted of consulting
and management fees, office and general expenditures, and professional
fees.
Investing
Activities
Net cash
used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2009 was
$Nil compared to $Nil during the same period ended March 31, 2008.
Financing
Activities
Net cash
provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2009
was $174,567 compared to $79,997 during the same period ended March 31,
2008. Current period financing consisted of proceeds from secured
promissory notes and advances from related parties. Prior period
financing included advances from related parties.
At March
31, 2009 we had 6,320,000 stock options and 19,444,667 share purchase warrants
outstanding. The outstanding stock options had a weighted average
exercise price of $0.25 per share, with the warrants having a weighted average
exercise price of $0.16 per share. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2009
the outstanding options and warrants represented a total of 25,764,667 shares
issuable for proceeds of approximately $4,691,147 if these options and warrants
were exercised in full. The exercise of these options and warrants is
completely at the discretion of the holders. There is no assurance
that any of these options or warrants will be exercised.
As of
March 31, 2009 we anticipate that we will need significant financing to enable
us to meet our anticipated expenditures for the next 24 months, which are
expected to be in the range of $5,000,000 assuming a single Phase 1 clinical
trial.
We have
not generated any cash flow to fund our operations and activities due primarily
to the nature of lengthy product development cycles that are normal to the
biotech industry. Therefore, we must raise additional funds in the
future to continue operations. We intend to finance our operating
expenses with further issuances of common stock. We believe that
anticipated future private placements of equity capital and debt financing, if
successful, may be adequate to fund our operations over the next twenty–four
months. Thereafter, we expect we will need to raise additional
capital to meet long-term operating requirements. Our future success
and viability are dependent on our ability to raise additional capital through
further private offerings of our stock or loans from private
investors. Additional financing may not be available upon acceptable
terms, or at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable
terms, we may not be able to conduct our proposed business operations
successfully. This could significantly and materially restrict or
delay our overall business operations.
19
Going
Concern
Our
financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a
going concern and, accordingly, do not include adjustments relating to the
recoverability and realization of assets and classification of liabilities that
might be necessary should we be unable to continue in operation. Our
ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain
the necessary financing to meet our obligations and pay our liabilities arising
from our business operations when they come due. We intend to finance
our anticipated operating expenses with further issuances of common stock
through private placement offerings or loans from private
investors. Management believes that the company will be able to
continue limited operations with accommodations from debt holders and additional
temporary short term funding over the next twelve months. Due to
capital market conditions, funding continues to be challenging. It is
unlikely the company will be able to continue as a going concern past a twelve
month horizon if significant equity funding is not raised within this
period.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
Other
than as disclosed in the financial statements, we have no significant
off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a
material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in
financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity,
capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to
stockholders.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Our
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in
accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied
on a consistent basis. The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting periods.
We
regularly evaluate the accounting policies and estimates that we use to prepare
our consolidated financial statements. In general, management’s
estimates are based on historical experience, on information from third party
professionals, and on various other assumptions that are believed to be
reasonable under the facts and circumstances. Actual results could
differ from those estimates made by management.
Use
of Estimates and Assumptions
Preparation
of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and
disclosures. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those
estimates. Significant areas requiring management's estimates and
assumptions are determining the fair value of stock-based compensation, the fair
value of the components of the convertible notes payable, future income tax
pools and balances and the useful life of depreciable assets.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
The
following disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments is
made in accordance with the requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (“SFAS”) No. 107. “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments.” Our company has determined the estimated fair value
amounts by using available market information and appropriate valuation
methodologies. The fair value of financial instruments classified as
current assets or liabilities, including cash and cash equivalents, other
receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and due to related parties
are approximately equal to their carrying value due to the short-term maturity
of the instruments.
Income
Taxes
We follow
the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this
method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
estimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary
differences). The effect on deferred income tax assets and
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that
includes the enactment date.
20
We
adopted the provisions of FIBS Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty
in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. Previously, we had
accounted for tax contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for
Contingencies. As required by Interpretation 48, which clarifies SFAS
No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, we recognize the financial statement
benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority
would more likely than not sustain the position following an
audit. For tax positions meeting this standard, the amount recognized
in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50
percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant
tax authority. At the adoption date, we applied Interpretation 48 to
all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained
open.
Stock-based
Compensation
In 2006,
we adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) (“SFAS No. 123R”), “Share-Based Payment”,
and elected to adopt the modified prospective transition method. The
modified prospective transition method requires that stock-based compensation
expense be recorded for all new and unvested stock options, restricted stock,
restricted stock units, and employee stock purchase plan shares that are
ultimately expected to vest as the requisite service is rendered beginning on
January 1, 2006 the first day of our 2006 fiscal year. Stock-based
compensation expense for awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 was based on
the grant date fair-value as determined under the pro-forma provisions of SFAS
No. 123.
Item
3. Quantitive and Qualitative
Disclosures About Market Risk
Not
Applicable
Item
4. Controls and
Procedures
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our
management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and
Principal Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this
report. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without
limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is
accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive
Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation,
our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded
that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure
controls and procedures are not effective in recording, processing, summarizing
and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in
the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act.
It should
be noted that any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions
designed to obtain reasonable (and not absolute) assurance as to its
effectiveness, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in
achieving its stated goals.
Management’s
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The
management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting, as required by
Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Section 404 A. The Company's internal control
over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the
Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of the Company's financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“US
GAAP”).
As of
March 31, 2009 management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal
control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal
control over financial reporting established in Internal Control -Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission ("COSO") and SEC guidance on conducting such
assessments. Based on that evaluation, they concluded that, as at
March 31, 2009 such internal controls and procedures were not effective to
detect the inappropriate application of US GAAP rules as more fully described
below. This was due to deficiencies that existed at the time in which
the internal control procedures were implemented that adversely affected our
internal controls and that may be considered to be a material
weakness.
21
The
matters involving internal controls and procedures that the Company’s management
considered to be material weaknesses under the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board were: (1) inadequate entity level controls due to:
(i) weak tone at the top to implement an effective control environment, and (ii)
ineffective audit committee due to a lack of a majority of independent members
(1 of 3) on the current audit committee and a lack of a majority of outside
directors on our board of directors; (2) inadequate segregation of duties
consistent with control objectives; (3) insufficient written policies and
procedures for accounting and financial reporting with respect to the
requirements and application of US GAAP and SEC disclosure requirements; (4)
ineffective controls over period end financial disclosure and reporting
processes.
Management
believes that the material weaknesses set forth in items (2), (3) and (4) above
did not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial results for
the three months ended March 31, 2009. However, management believes
that the material weaknesses in entity level controls set forth in item (1)
results in ineffective oversight in the establishment and monitoring of required
internal controls and procedures, which could result in a material misstatement
in our financial statements in future periods.
We are
committed to improving our financial organization. As part of this
commitment, when resources become available to us we will i) expand our
personnel improving segregate duties consistent with control objectives, ii)
appoint one or more outside directors to our board of directors who shall be
appointed to our audit committee resulting in a fully functioning audit
committee who will undertake the oversight in the establishment and monitoring
of required internal controls and procedures such as reviewing and approving
estimates and assumptions made by management; and iii) prepare and implementing
sufficient written policies and checklists which will set forth procedures for
accounting and financial reporting with respect to the requirements and
application of US GAAP and SEC disclosure requirements.
Management
believes that the appointment of one or more outside directors, who shall be
appointed to a fully functioning audit committee, will remedy the ineffective
audit committee and a lack of a majority of outside directors on our Board. In
addition, management believes that preparing and implementing sufficient written
policies and checklists will remedy the following material weaknesses (i)
insufficient written policies and procedures for accounting and financial
reporting with respect to the requirements and application of US GAAP and SEC
disclosure requirements; and (ii) ineffective controls over period end financial
close and reporting processes. Further, management believes that the hiring of
additional personnel will result in improved segregation of duties and provide
more checks and balances within the financial reporting department.
We will
continue to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and
procedures over financial reporting on an ongoing basis and are committed to
taking further action by implementing additional enhancements or improvements,
or deploying additional human resources as may be deemed necessary.
Changes
in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There
have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the
three months ended March 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial
reporting.
22
PART
II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item
1. Legal
Proceedings
None.
Item
1A. Risk
Factors
See last
Annual Report.
Item
2. Unregistered Sales of Equity
Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item
3. Defaults Upon Senior
Securities
Not
Applicable.
Item
4. Submission of Matters to a
Vote of Security Holders
Not
Applicable.
Item
5. Other
Information
Not
Applicable.
Item
6. Exhibits
The
following exhibits are included with this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q:
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
of Exhibit
|
|
31.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended.
|
|
31.2
|
Certification
of Acting Principal Accouning Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or
15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as
amended.
|
|
32.1
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
|
32.2
|
Certification
of Acting Principal Accounting Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 as
adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
23
SIGNATURES
In
accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized.
TAPIMMUNE
INC.
/s/
Denis Corin______________________
|
|
Denis
Corin
President,
Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer
Date: May 15,
2009.
|
|
/s/
Patrick A. McGowan_______________
|
|
Patrick
A. McGowan
Secretary,
Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, Acting Principal Accounting Officer
and a director
Date: May 15,
2009.
|
24