Mastech Digital, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

Mastech Digital, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-34099

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


PENNSYLVANIA		26-2753540
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1305 Cherrington Parkway, Building 210, Suite 400 Moon Township, Pennsylvania		15108
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (412) 787-2100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

MHH

NYSE American

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, outstanding as of October 31, 2019 was 11,033,165.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
PART 1	FINANCIAL INFORMATION			3

Item 1.	Financial Statements:

	(a)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		3

	(b)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		4

	(c)	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		5

	(d)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		6

	(e)	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018		7

	(f)	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			21

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			27

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures			28

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION			29

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings			29

Item 1A.	Risk Factors			29

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			29

Item 6.	Exhibits			30

	SIGNATURES			31

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues	$	49,543		$	44,292		$	143,214		$	132,519
Cost of revenues		37,214			33,582			107,996			100,656

Gross profit		12,329			10,710			35,218			31,863
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Operating expenses		9,259			8,204			27,768			23,830
Impairment of goodwill		—			—			—			7,738
Revaluation of contingent consideration liability		—			—			(6,069	)		(9,106	)

Total selling, general and administrative expenses		9,259			8,204			21,699			22,462

Income from operations		3,070			2,506			13,519			9,401
Interest income (expense), net		(413	)		(535	)		(1,420	)		(1,623	)
Other income (expense), net		33			108			(21	)		77

Income before income taxes		2,690			2,079			12,078			7,855
Income tax expense		741			459			3,207			2,038

Net income	$	1,949		$	1,620		$	8,871		$	5,817

Earnings per share:
Basic	$	.18		$	.15		$	.80		$	.53

Diluted	$	.17		$	.14		$	.79		$	.52

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		11,039			10,966			11,022			10,938

Diluted		11,205			11,217			11,198			11,153

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income	$	1,949		$	1,620		$	8,871		$	5,817
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Net unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap contracts		(13	)		27			(161	)		197
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(116	)		(215	)		(71	)		(376	)

Total pretax net unrealized (loss)		(129	)		(188	)		(232	)		(179	)
Income tax expense (benefit)		(4	)		7			(42	)		51

Total other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		(125	)		(195	)		(190	)		(230	)

Total comprehensive income	$	1,824		$	1,425		$	8,681		$	5,587

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,963		$	1,294
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for uncollectible accounts of $308 in 2019 and $408 in 2018		26,537			28,913
Unbilled receivables		8,423			9,167
Prepaid and other current assets		1,392			1,321

Total current assets		38,315			40,695
Equipment, enterprise software, and leasehold improvements, at cost:
Equipment		1,749			1,538
Enterprise software		2,728			2,096
Leasehold improvements		494			464

		4,971			4,098
Less – accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,437	)		(1,890	)

Net equipment, enterprise software, and leasehold improvements		2,534			2,208
Operating lease right-of-use assets		4,993			—
Deferred income taxes		—			297
Non-current deposits		410			540
Goodwill, net of impairment		26,106			26,106
Intangible assets, net		20,721			22,738

Total assets	$	93,079		$	92,584

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	4,575		$	4,575
Accounts payable		4,359			4,127
Accrued payroll and related costs		9,828			7,728
Current portion of operating lease liability		1,407			—
Other accrued liabilities		1,329			1,218
Deferred revenue		246			258

Total current liabilities		21,744			17,906

Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, less current portion, net		22,547			34,129
Contingent consideration liability		—			6,069
Long-term operating lease liability, less current portion		3,686			—
Long-term accrued income taxes		204			204
Long-term deferred income taxes		1,082			—

Total liabilities		49,263			58,308
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 5)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding		—			—
Common Stock, par value $.01; 250,000,000 shares authorized and 12,679,585 shares issued as of September 30, 2019 and 12,636,332 shares issued as of December 31, 2018		127			126
Additional paid-in-capital		21,700			20,829
Retained earnings		26,485			17,614
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(309	)		(119	)
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,646,420 shares as of September 30, 2019 and 1,643,846 as of December 31, 2018		(4,187	)		(4,174	)

Total shareholders’ equity		43,816			34,276

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	93,079		$	92,584

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2017	$	126	$	20,241	$	10,923	$	(4,154	)	$	17		$	27,153
Net income		—		—		1,380		—			—			1,380
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes		—		—		—		—			49			49
Stock-based compensation expense		—		105		—		—			—			105
Stock options exercised		—		2		—		—			—			2

Balances, March 31, 2018	$	126	$	20,348	$	12,303	$	(4,154	)	$	66		$	28,689

Net income		—		—		2,817		—			—			2,817
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—		—			(84	)		(84	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		120		—		—			—			120
Purchase of treasury stock		—		—		—		(20	)		—			(20	)

Balances, June 30, 2018	$	126	$	20,468	$	15,120	$	(4,174	)	$	(18	)	$	31,522

Net income		—		—		1,620		—			—			1,620
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—		—			(195	)		(195	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		116		—		—			—			116
Stock options exercised		—		108		—		—			—			108

Balances, September 30, 2018	$	126	$	20,692	$	16,740	$	(4,174	)	$	(213	)	$	33,171


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balances, December 31, 2018	$	126	$	20,829	$	17,614	$	(4,174	)	$	(119	)	$	34,276
Net income		—		—		964		—			—			964
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—		—			(31	)		(31	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		236		—		—			—			236

Balances, March 31, 2019	$	126	$	21,065	$	18,578	$	(4,174	)	$	(150	)	$	35,445

Net income		—		—		5,958		—			—			5,958
Employee common stock purchases		1		105		—		—			—			106
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—		—			(34	)		(34	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		267		—		—			—			267
Purchase of treasury stock		—		—		—		(13	)		—			(13	)

Balances, June 30, 2019	$	127	$	21,437	$	24,536	$	(4,187	)	$	(184	)	$	41,729

Net income		—		—		1,949		—			—			1,949
Other comprehensive (loss), net of taxes		—		—		—		—			(125	)		(125	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		263		—		—			—			263

Balances, September 30, 2019	$	127	$	21,700	$	26,485	$	(4,187	)	$	(309	)	$	43,816

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	8,871		$	5,817
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,577			2,342
Bad debt expense		80			10
Interest amortization of deferred financing costs		78			74
Stock-based compensation expense		766			341
Deferred income taxes, net		1,379			549
Impairment of goodwill		—			7,738
Revaluation of contingent consideration liability		(6,069	)		(9,106	)
Operating lease assets and liabilities, net		100			—
Loss on disposition of fixed assets		—			7
Working capital items:
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivables		3,040			(7,521	)
Prepaid and other current assets		(190	)		70
Accounts payable		232			(2,304	)
Accrued payroll and related costs		2,100			(919	)
Other accrued liabilities		111			(60	)
Deferred revenue		(12	)		(311	)

Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities		13,063			(3,273	)

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Recovery of (payment for) non-current deposits		130			(264	)
Capital expenditures		(886	)		(536	)

Net cash flows (used in) investing activities		(756	)		(800	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
(Repayments) borrowings on revolving credit facility, net		(8,228	)		6,999
(Repayments) on term loan facility		(3,432	)		(2,859	)
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares		106			—
Payment of deferred financing costs		—			(71	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(13	)		(20	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options		—			110

Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities		(11,567	)		4,159

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(71	)		(376	)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents		669			(290	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		1,294			2,478

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,963		$	2,188

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(Unaudited)

1.	Description of Business and Basis of Presentation:

Basis of Presentation

References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “we”, “our”, “Mastech Digital”, “Mastech” or “the Company” refer collectively to Mastech Digital, Inc. and its wholly-owned operating subsidiaries, which are included in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (the “Financial Statements”).

Description of Business

We are a provider of Digital Transformation IT Services.

Our portfolio of offerings includes data management and analytics services; other digital transformation services around Salesforce.com and Digital Learning; and IT staffing services for both digital and mainstream technologies.

Reflective of our 2017 acquisition of the services division of Canada-based InfoTrellis, Inc., we have added specialized capabilities in delivering data management and analytics services to our customers globally. This business offers project-based consulting services in the areas of Master Data Management, Enterprise Data Integration, Big Data, Analytics and Digital Transformation, with such services delivered using on-site and offshore resources.

Our IT staffing business combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies. Our digital technologies include data management, analytics, cloud, mobility, social and artificial intelligence. We work with businesses and institutions with significant IT spending and recurring staffing service needs. We also support smaller organizations with their “project focused” temporary IT staffing requirements.

Accounting Principles

The accompanying Financial Statements have been prepared by management in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting principally of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019. Additionally, our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019 or for any other period.

Principles of Consolidation

The Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Critical Accounting Policies

Please refer to Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates. There were no material changes to these critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, except for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” on January 1, 2019 using the additional transition method noted in ASU 2018-11. See Note 4, herein for further disclosures.

Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments in accordance with Accounting Standards Committee (“ASC”) Topic 280 “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”: Data and Analytics Services and IT Staffing Services.

2.	Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company recognizes revenue on time-and-material contracts as services are performed and expenses are incurred. Time-and-material contracts typically bill at an agreed-upon hourly rate, plus out-of-pocket expense reimbursement. Out-of-pocket expense reimbursement amounts vary by assignment, but on average represent less than 2% of total revenues. Revenue is earned on a per transaction or labor hour basis, as that amount directly corresponds to the value of the Company’s performance. Revenue recognition is negatively impacted by holidays and consultant vacation and sick days.

In certain situations related to client direct hire assignments, where the Company’s fee is contingent upon the hired resources continued employment with the client, revenue is not fully recognized until such employment conditions are satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue on fixed price contracts as services are rendered and uses a cost-based input method to measure progress. Determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. Under the cost-based input method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. The Company has determined that the cost-based input method provides a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. Estimated losses are recognized immediately in the period in which current estimates indicate a loss. We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which may be refundable.

We do not sell, lease or otherwise market computer software or hardware, and essentially 100% of our revenue is derived from the sale of data and analytics, IT staffing and digital transformation services. We expense sales commissions in the same period in which revenues are realized. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

Our data and analytics services segment provides specialized capabilities in delivering data management and analytics services to customers globally. This business offers project-based consulting services in the areas of Master Data Management, Enterprise Data Integration, Data and Analytics and Digital Transformation, which can be delivered using onsite and offshore resources.

Our IT staffing business combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of services in digital and mainstream technologies. Our digital technology stack includes data management and analytics, cloud, mobility, social and automation. Our mainstream technologies include business intelligence / data warehousing; web services; enterprise resource planning & customer resource management; and e-Business solutions. We work with businesses and institutions with significant IT-spend and recurring staffing needs. We also support smaller organizations with their “project focused” temporary IT staffing requirements.

The following table depicts the disaggregation of our revenues by contract type and operating segment:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(Amounts in millions)				(Amounts in millions)
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Time-and-material Contracts	$	5,415	$	3,772	$	14,178	$	14,185
Fixed-price Contracts		1,665		2,015		5,324		4,257

Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	7,080	$	5,787	$	19,502	$	18,442

IT Staffing Services Segment
Time-and-material Contracts	$	42,463	$	38,505	$	123,712	$	114,077
Fixed-price Contracts		—		—		—		—

Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	42,463	$	38,505	$	123,712	$	114,077

Total Revenues	$	49,543	$	44,292	$	143,214	$	132,519

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had one client that exceeded 10% of total revenue (CGI = 11.3%). For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had the same one client that exceeded 10% of total revenue (CGI = 11.3%). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had the same one client that exceeded 10% of total revenue in both periods (CGI = 13.5% and 12.9%), respectively.

The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 45% and 48% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 45% and 48% of total revenues, respectively.

The following table presents our revenue from external customers disaggregated by geography, based on the work location of our customers:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(Amounts in thousands)				(Amounts in thousands)
United States	$	48,421	$	43,222	$	139,739	$	128,775
Canada		737		650		2,180		2,573
India and Other		385		420		1,295		1,171

Total revenues	$	49,543	$	44,292	$	143,214	$	132,519

3.	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net

Goodwill related to our June 15, 2015 acquisition of Hudson Global Resources Management’s U.S. IT staffing business (“Hudson IT”) totaled $8.4 million. Goodwill related to our July 13, 2017 acquisition of the services division of InfoTrellis totaled $27.4 million. During 2018, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment related to the InfoTrellis acquisition of $9.7 million. This impairment was attributable to a lower recovery in revenues from levels present at closing. Based upon the business performance subsequent to the acquisition date, we reduced our near-term outlook and lowered our revenue projections from original expectations. Also, we factored into our assessment of discounted cash flows, additional investments to the sales organization and other necessary investments which were not initially considered.

The following table provides information regarding changes in the Company’s goodwill by operating segment for the periods ended September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019		Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
	(Amounts in thousands)
IT Staffing Services:
Beginning balance	$	8,427	$	8,427
Goodwill recorded		—		—
Impairment		—		—

Ending balance	$	8,427	$	8,427


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019		Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
	(Amounts in thousands)
Data and Analytics Services:
Beginning balance	$	17,679	$	27,417
Goodwill recorded		—		—
Impairment		—		(9,738	)

Ending balance	$	17,679	$	17,679

The Company is amortizing the identifiable intangible assets on a straight-line basis over estimated average lives ranging from 3 to 12 years. Identifiable intangible assets were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	As of September 30, 2019
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	2,861	$	5,138
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		274		45
Trade name		3		249		249		—
Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		16,671		3,068		13,603
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		761		336		425
Trade name		5		1,221		539		682
Technology		7		1,209		381		828

Total Intangible Assets			$	28,429	$	7,708	$	20,721


	As of December 31, 2018
(Amounts in thousands)	Amortization Period (In Years)		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulative Amortization		Net Carrying Value
IT Staffing Services:
Client relationships		12	$	7,999	$	2,361	$	5,638
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		319		226		93
Trade name		3		249		249		—
Data and Analytics Services:
Client relationships		12		16,671		2,025		14,646
Covenant-not-to-compete		5		761		222		539
Trade name		5		1,221		356		865
Technology		7		1,209		252		957

Total Intangible Assets			$	28,429	$	5,691	$	22,738

Amortization expense for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 totaled $673,000 and $2.0 million, respectively and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018, amortization expense was $673,000 and $2.1 million, respectively.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2019 through 2023 is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
	(Amounts in thousands)
Amortization expense	$	2,689	$	2,654	$	2,625	$	2,443	$	2,229

4.	Leases

The Company rents certain office facilities and equipment under noncancelable operating leases. Approximately 88,000 square feet of office space is utilized for our sales and recruiting offices, delivery centers, and corporate headquarters as of September 30, 2019. All of our leases are classified as operating leases. The average initial lease term is five years. Several leases have an option to renew, at our sole discretion, for an additional term. Our present lease terms range from less than one year to 4.9 years with an average of 2.2 years. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” on January 1, 2019 using the additional transition method noted in ASU 2018-11. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording a lease right-of-use asset and related lease liability of $5.7 million as of January 1, 2019. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance had an immaterial impact on the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated net earnings in future periods. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed us to carryforward the historical lease classification, among other things.

The following table summarizes the balance sheet classification of the lease asset and related lease liability:


	September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Long-term operating lease right-of-use assets	$	4,993

Liabilities:
Short-term operating lease liability	$	1,407
Long-term operating lease liability		3,686

Total Liabilities	$	5,093

Future minimum rental payments for office facilities and equipment under the Company’s noncancelable operating leases are as follows:


	Amount as of September 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
2019 (For remainder of year)	$	419
2020		1,625
2021		1,152
2022		1,126
2023		1,106
Thereafter		287

Total	$	5,715
Less: Imputed interest		(622	)

Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	5,093

The weighted average discount rate used to calculate the present value of future lease payments was 5.4%.

We recognize rent expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Rental expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 totaled $0.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

5.	Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of our business, the Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and administrative proceedings. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these matters, the Company’s management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the disposition of these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

6.	Employee Benefit Plan

The Company provides an Employee Retirement Savings Plan (the “Retirement Plan”) under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), that covers substantially all U.S. based salaried employees. Concurrent with the acquisition of Hudson IT, the Company expanded employee eligibility under the Retirement Plan to include all U.S. based W-2 hourly employees. Employees may contribute a percentage of eligible compensation to the Retirement Plan, subject to certain limits under the Code. For Hudson IT employees enrolled in the Hudson Employee Retirement Savings Plan under the Code at the acquisition date, the Company provides a matching contribution of 50% of the first 6% of the participant’s contributed pay, subject to vesting based on the combined tenure with Hudson and Mastech Digital. For all other employees, the Company did not provide for any matching contributions for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Mastech Digital’s total contributions to the Retirement Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the former Hudson IT employees totaled approximately $9,000 and $44,000 respectively. Mastech Digital’s total contributions to the Retirement Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 related to the former Hudson IT employees totaled approximately $19,000 and $62,000, respectively.

7.	Stock-Based Compensation

In 2008, the Company adopted a Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) which, as amended, provides that up to 3,900,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock shall be allocated for issuance to directors, officers and key personnel. Grants under the Plan can be made in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares or stock awards. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted 130,000 stock options at an average strike price of $5.65 under the Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company granted restricted share units of 16,365 and 683,000 stock option grants at an average strike price of $6.48. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted no shares under the Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company granted 25,380 restricted share units and 180,000 stock options at a strike price of $7.46 under the Plan. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 150,000 shares and 549,000 shares, respectively available for grants under the Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $263,000 and $116,000, respectively, and for the nine months September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $766,000 and $341,000. Stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the three and nine months September 30, 2019, the Company issued 0 and 17,460 shares, respectively, related to the vesting of restricted shares. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company issued 56,636 and 65,112 shares, respectively, related to the vesting of restricted shares and the exercising of stock options.

In October 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the Mastech Digital, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Stock Purchase Plan”). The Stock Purchase Plan is intended to meet the requirements of Section 423 of the Code and required the approval of the Company’s shareholders to be qualified under Section 423 of the Code. On May 15, 2019, the Company’s shareholders approved the Stock Purchase Plan. Under the Stock Purchase Plan, 600,000 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment upon certain changes in the Company’s capitalization) are available for purchase by eligible employees who become participants in the Stock Purchase Plan. The purchase price per share is 85% of the lesser of (i) the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the first day of the offering period, or (ii) the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the last day of the offering period.

The first offering period under the Stock Purchase Plan commenced on January 1, 2019 and concluded on June 30, 2019. The Company issued 25,793 shares related to the first offering period ended June 30, 2019 at a share price of $4.04. At September 30, 2019, there were 574,000 shares available for grants under the Plan.

8.	Credit Facility

On July 13, 2017, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, as administrative agent, swing loan lender and issuing lender, PNC Capital Markets LLC, as sole lead arranger and sole book-runner, and certain financial institution parties thereto as lenders (the “Lenders”). The Credit Agreement provides for a total aggregate commitment of $60 million, consisting of (i) a revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $22.5 million (subject to increase by up to an additional $10 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions); (ii) a $30.5 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan”); and a (iii) $7.0 million delayed draw term loan facility (the “Delayed Draw Term Loan”), as more fully described in the Company’s Forms 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 19, 2017 and April 25, 2018.

The Revolver expires in July 2022 and includes swing loan and letter of credit sub-limits in the aggregate amount not to exceed $5.0 million for swing loans and $5.0 million for letters of credit. Borrowings under the Revolver may be denominated in U.S. dollars or Canadian dollars. The maximum borrowings in U.S. dollars may not exceed the sum of 85% of eligible U.S. accounts receivable and 60% of eligible U.S. unbilled receivables, less a reserve amount established by the administrative agent. The maximum borrowings in Canadian dollars may not exceed the lesser of (i) $10.0 million; and (ii) the sum of 85% of eligible Canadian receivables, plus 60% of eligible Canadian unbilled receivables, less a reserve amount established by the administrative agent.

Amounts borrowed under the Term Loan are required to be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments through and including July 1, 2022 and on the maturity date of July 13, 2022. The principal amount of each quarterly installment payable on the Term Loan equals the product of $30.5 million, multiplied by (i) 3.75% for quarterly installments payable through and including July 1, 2021; and (ii) 5.00% for quarterly installments payable on October 1, 2021 through and including the maturity date, with the maturity date payment equal to the outstanding amount of the loan on that date. The Delayed Draw Term was not accessed and was cancelled effective July 2019.

Borrowings under the Revolver and the term loan, at the Company’s election, bear interest at either (a) the higher of PNC’s prime rate or the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, plus an applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio or (b) an adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus an applicable margin determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio. The applicable margin on the base rate is between 0.50% and 1.25% on Revolver borrowings and between 1.75% and 2.50% on term loans. The applicable margin on the adjusted LIBOR is between 1.50% and 2.25% on revolver borrowings and between 2.75% and 3.50% on term loans. A 20 to 30 basis point per annum commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolver facility and the Delayed Draw Term Loan (prior to cancellation) is charged and due monthly in arrears. The applicable commitment fee is determined based upon the Company’s senior leverage ratio.

The Company pledged substantially all of its assets in support of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement contains standard financial covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants related to the Company’s senior leverage ratio and fixed charge ratio (as defined under the Credit Agreement) and limitations on liens, indebtedness, guarantees, contingent liabilities, loans and investments, distributions, leases, asset sales, stock repurchases and mergers and acquisitions. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all provisions under the facility.

In connection with securing the commitments under the Credit Agreement, the Company paid a commitment fee and incurred deferred financing costs totaling $506,000, which were capitalized and are being amortized as interest expense over the life of the facility. Debt financing costs of $289,000 and $367,000 (net of amortization) as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, are presented as reductions in long-term debt in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s outstanding borrowings under the Revolver totaled $5.3 million and $13.6 million, respectively; and unused borrowing capacity available was approximately $17.2 million and $9.0 million, respectively. The Company’s outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan were $22.1 million and $25.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company believes the eligible borrowing base on the Revolver will not fall below current outstanding borrowings for a period of time exceeding one year and has classified the $5.3 million net outstanding debt balance at September 30, 2019, as long-term.

9.	Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes, as shown in the accompanying Financial Statements, consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(Amounts in Thousands)				(Amounts in Thousands)
Income before income taxes:
Domestic	$	1,929	$	1,544	$	4,095	$	4,661
Foreign		761		535		7,983		3,194

Income before income taxes	$	2,690	$	2,079	$	12,078	$	7,855

The Company has foreign subsidiaries in Canada and India, both of which generate revenues from foreign clients. Additionally, the Company has foreign subsidiaries in Canada and India which provide services to its U.S. operations. Accordingly, the Company allocates a portion of its income to these subsidiaries based on a “transfer pricing” model and reports such income as foreign in the above table.

The provision for income taxes, as shown in the accompanying Financial Statements, consisted of the following for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
	(Amounts in Thousands)					(Amounts in Thousands)
Current provision:
Federal	$	508		$	275	$	975		$	838
State		121			4		210			183
Foreign		203			107		621			686

Total current provision	$	832		$	386	$	1,806		$	1,707

Deferred provision (benefit):
Federal		(45	)		40		(48	)		116
State		(10	)		13		(11	)		33
Foreign		(36	)		20		1,460			182

Total deferred provision (benefit)		(91	)		73		1,401			331

Total provision for income taxes	$	741		$	459	$	3,207		$	2,038

The reconciliation of income taxes computed using the statutory U.S. income tax rate and the provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019					Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate	$	565		21.0	%	$	437		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		111		4.1			17		0.8
Excess tax benefit from stock options/restricted shares		—		—			(72	)	(3.4	)
Difference in income tax rate on foreign earnings/other		65		2.4			77		3.7

	$	741		27.5	%	$	459		22.1	%


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019					Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate	$	2,536		21.0	%	$	1,650		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit		199		1.7			216		2.7
Excess tax benefit from stock options/restricted shares		(6	)	(0.1	)		(84	)	(1.1	)
Difference in income tax rate on foreign earnings/other		478		4.0			256		3.3

	$	3,207		26.6	%	$	2,038		25.9	%

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, are as follows:


(Amounts in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	263
Additions related to current period		—
Additions related to prior periods		—
Reductions related to prior periods		(243	)

Balance as of September 30, 2019	$	20

The reductions related to prior periods in the above table largely reflect the settlement of an IRS audit for fiscal years 2015 and 2016. The impact on our 2019 income tax provision related to this settlement was immaterial.

Although it is difficult to anticipate the final outcome of these uncertain tax positions, the Company believes that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by approximately $20,000 during the next twelve months due to the expiration of the statutes of limitation.

10.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Risk Management

Concurrent with the Company’s July 13, 2017 borrowings under its new credit facility, the Company entered into a 44–month interest-rate swap to convert the debt’s variable interest rate to a fixed rate of interest. Under the swap contracts, the Company pays interest at a fixed rate of 1.99% and receives interest at a variable rate equal to the daily U.S. LIBOR on an initial notional amount of $15.0 million. Notional amounts were $10.9 million and $12.6 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. These swap contracts have been designated as cash flow hedging instruments and qualified as effective hedges at inception under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. These contracts are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. The effective portion of the changes in fair value on these instruments is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and is reclassified into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as interest expense in the same period in which the underlying hedge transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of interest-rate swap contracts deemed ineffective are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as interest expense. Prior to July 13, 2017, the Company had outstanding interest-rate swap contracts related to term loan borrowings under the Company’s previous credit agreement. The fair value of the interest-rate swap contracts at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was a liability of $56,000 and an asset of $106,000, respectively, and is reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as other current liabilities and other current assets, respectively.

The effect of derivative instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income are as follows (in thousands):


Derivatives in ASC Topic 815 Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain / (Loss) recognized in OCI on Derivatives			Location of Gain / (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated OCI to Income (Expense)		Amount of Gain / (Loss) reclassified from Accumulated OCI to Income (Expense)			Location of Gain / (Loss) reclassified in Income (Expense) on Derivatives		Amount of Gain / (Loss) recognized in Income (Expense) on Derivatives
	(Effective Portion)			(Effective Portion)		(Effective Portion)			(Ineffective Portion/Amounts excluded from effectiveness testing)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019:
Interest-Rate Swap Contract	$	(13	)		Interest Expense	$	7			Interest Expense	$	—
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019:
Interest-Rate Swap Contract	$	(161	)		Interest Expense	$	36			Interest Expense	$	—
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018:
Interest-Rate Swap Contract	$	27			Interest Expense	$	3			Interest Expense	$	—
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018:
Interest-Rate Swap Contract	$	197			Interest Expense	$	(13	)		Interest Expense	$	—

Information on the location and amounts of derivative fair values in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

September 30, 2019

December 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Interest-Rate Swap Contracts

Other Current
Liabilities

Other Current
Assets

106

The estimated amount of pretax income as of September 30, 2019 that is expected to be reclassified from other comprehensive income into earnings within the next 12 months is approximately $30,000.

11.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), related to certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 establishes the authoritative definition of fair value; sets out a framework for measuring fair value; and expands the required disclosures about fair value measurements. The valuation techniques required by ASC 820 are based on observable and unobservable inputs using the following three-tier hierarchy:

•

Level 1 - Inputs are observable quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

•

Level 2 - Inputs are observable, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

•

Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable that are supported by little or no market activity.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company carried the following financial assets (liabilities) at fair value measured on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value as of September 30, 2019
(Amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Interest-Rate Swap Contracts	$	—	$	(56	)	$	—		$	(56	)


	Fair Value as of December 31, 2018
(Amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Interest-Rate Swap Contracts	$	—	$	106		$	—		$	106
Contingent consideration liability	$	—	$	—		$	(6,069	)	$	(6,069	)

The fair value of interest rate swap contracts are based on quoted prices for similar instruments from a commercial bank, and therefore, the fair value measurement is considered to be within level 2. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was estimated by utilizing a probability weighted simulation model to determine the fair value of contingent consideration, and therefore, the fair value measurement is considered to be within level 3.

During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company revalued the contingent consideration liability related to the InfoTrellis acquisition after determining that relevant conditions for payment of such liabilities were unlikely to be fully satisfied. The revaluation resulted in a $6.1 million reduction to the contingent consideration liability related to the InfoTrellis acquisition.

The following table provides information regarding changes in the Company’s contingent consideration liability for the periods ended September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


	Nine Months Ended			Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Amounts in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	6,069		$	17,125
Revaluations		(6,069	)		(11,056	)

Ending balance	$	—		$	6,069

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company carried the following financial assets (liabilities) at fair value measured on a non-recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value as of September 30, 2019
(Amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Goodwill	$	—	$	—	$	26,106	$	26,106


	Fair Value as of December 31, 2018
(Amounts in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Goodwill	$	—	$	—	$	26,106	$	26,106

During the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment related to the InfoTrellis acquisition of $0.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

12.

Shareholders’ Equity

The Company purchases shares to satisfy employee tax obligations related to its Stock Incentive Plan. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company purchased 0 shares and 2,574 shares at a share price of $5.05, respectively, to satisfy employee tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company purchased 0 shares and 2,574 shares at a share price of $8.01, respectively, to satisfy employee tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock.

13.

Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic earnings per share is based on the Company’s net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding stock options were exercised. The dilutive effect of stock options was calculated using the treasury stock method.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were 1.1 million and 1.0 million anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

14.

Business Segments and Geographic Information

Our reporting segments are: 1) Data and Analytics Services; and 2) IT Staffing Services.

The data and analytics services segment was acquired through the July 13, 2017 acquisition of the services division of Canada-based InfoTrellis, Inc. This segment is a project-based consulting services business with specialized capabilities in data management and analytics. The business is marketed as Mastech InfoTrellis and utilizes a dedicated sales team with deep subject matter expertise. Mastech InfoTrellis has offices in Toronto, Canada, Atlanta, Georgia and Austin, Texas and a global delivery center in Chennai, India. Project-based delivery reflects a combination of on-site resources and offshore resources out of the Company’s delivery center in Chennai. Assignments are secured on both a time and material and fixed price basis.

The IT staffing services segment offers staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies; digital transformation services focused on providing CRM on the cloud through Salesforce.com; and using digital methods to enhance organizational learning. These services are marketed using a common sales force and delivered via our global recruitment center. While the vast majority of our assignments are based on time and materials, we do have the capabilities to deliver our digital transformation services on a fixed price basis.


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
	(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)
Revenues:
Data and analytics services	$	7,080		$	5,787		$	19,502		$	18,442
IT staffing services		42,463			38,505			123,712			114,077

Total revenues	$	49,543		$	44,292		$	143,214		$	132,519

Gross Margin %:
Data and analytics services		45.7	%		44.5	%		45.8	%		43.7	%
IT staffing services		21.4	%		21.1	%		21.3	%		20.9	%

Total gross margin %		24.9	%		24.2	%		24.6	%		24.0	%

Segment operating income:
Data and analytics services	$	1,530		$	1,325		$	3,856		$	4,511
IT staffing services		2,103			1,854			5,501			5,437

Subtotal		3,633			3,179			9,357			9,948
Acquisition transaction expenses		110			—			110			140
Revaluation of contingent consideration liability		—			—			6,069			9,106
Goodwill impairment		—			—			—			(7,738	)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(673	)		(673	)		(2,017	)		(2,055	)
Interest expenses and other, net		(380	)		(427	)		(1,441	)		(1,546	)

Income before income taxes	$	2,690		$	2,079		$	12,078		$	7,855

Below is a reconciliation of segment total assets to consolidated total assets:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(Amounts in thousands)
Total assets:
Data and analytics services	$	42,664	$	43,182
IT staffing services		50,415		49,402

Total assets	$	93,079	$	92,584

Below is geographic information related to our revenues from external customers:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
	(Amounts in thousands)				(Amounts in thousands)
United States	$	48,421	$	43,222	$	139,739	$	128,775
Canada		737		650		2,180		2,573
India and Other		385		420		1,295		1,171

Total revenues	$	49,543	$	44,292	$	143,214	$	132,519

15.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)”. The main difference between the current requirement under GAAP and ASU 2016-02 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” and ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements”. The amendments in these ASUs clarify narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and provide an additional transition method to adopt the new leases standard. The new transition method allows an entity to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, “Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors”. The amendments in this ASU clarify how lessors account for sales tax, certain lessor costs and variable payments. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01, “Leases (Topic 842) Codification Improvements”. The amendments in this ASU clarify fair value determinations by certain lessors, provide guidance on statement of cash flow disclosure for certain leases, and provide an exception to prior period comparative disclosure requirements for transition reporting. These ASUs are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the new Lease guidance on January 1, 2019 using the additional transition method noted in ASU 2018-11. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording a lease asset and related lease liability of $5.7 million as of January 1, 2019. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance had an immaterial impact on the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated net earnings in future periods. Additional disclosures have been included in Note 4 in accordance with the requirements of the new guidance.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815); Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”. The amendments in this ASU better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. To meet that objective, the amendments expand and refine hedge accounting for both nonfinancial and financial risk components and align the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815); Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge

Accounting Purposes”. This ASU permits the use of the OIS Rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. The amendments in these ASUs are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220); Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. The amendments in this ASU allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017. Consequently, the amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from this Act and will improve the usefulness of information reported to financial statement users. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718); Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. The amendments in this ASU improve the accounting of nonemployee share-based payments issued to acquire goods and services used in an entity’s operations. Nonemployee share-based payment awards within the scope of Topic 718 are measured at the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments that an entity is obligated to issue when the good has been delivered or the service has been rendered. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, “Codification Improvements”. The amendments in this ASU represent changes to clarify, correct errors in, or make minor improvements to the Codification. Topics covered include comprehensive income, investments, debt, stock compensation, income taxes, business combinations and fair value measurement. Some of the amendments in this ASU are effective immediately, however many are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2019 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment”, which removes the requirement to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. Under this ASU, a goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted, and applied prospectively. We do not expect ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”. The amendments in this ASU align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”. The amendments in this ASU clarify a variety of topics previously covered in Update 2016-13 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, Update 2017-12 “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”, and Update 2016-01 “Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this ASU to have a material impact on its financial statements.

A variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently under consideration by standard-setting organizations and certain regulatory agencies. Because of the tentative and preliminary nature of such proposed standards, management has not yet determined the effect, if any, that the implementation of such proposed standards would have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 29, 2019.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements about future events, future performance, plans, strategies, expectations, prospects, competitive environment and regulations. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words, “may”, “will”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “plan”, “intend” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Our actual financial performance could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections and our financial performance may be better or worse than anticipated. Given these uncertainties, you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All of the forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed under “Risk Factors”, “Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date that they were made. We do not undertake any duty to update forward-looking statements and the estimates and assumptions associated with them, after the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

Website Access to SEC Reports:

The Company’s website is www.mastechdigital.com. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, current reports on Form 8-K and all other reports filed with the SEC, are available free of charge on the Investors page. The website is updated as soon as reasonably practical after such reports are filed electronically with the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies

Please refer to Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations–Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a more detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates. There were no material changes to these critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, except for the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” on January 1, 2019 using the additional transition method noted in ASU 2018-11. See Note 4, herein for further disclosures.

Overview:

We are a provider of Digital Transformation IT Services to mostly large and medium sized organizations.

With the July 13, 2017 acquisition of InfoTrellis, we now operate in two reporting segments – Data and Analytics Services and IT Staffing Services. Our data and analytics services are marketed on a global basis under the brand Mastech InfoTrellis and delivered largely on a project basis with on-site and off-shore resources. These capabilities and expertise were acquired through our 2017 acquisition of InfoTrellis. Our IT staffing business combines technical expertise with business process experience to deliver a broad range of staffing services in digital and mainstream technologies, as well as our other digital transformation services.

Both business segments provide their services across various industry verticals including: financial services; government; healthcare; manufacturing; retail; technology; telecommunications; education; and transportation. Within each reporting segment we evaluate our revenues and gross profits largely by sales channel responsibility. In the past, we have disclosed revenues and gross profits by client type (wholesale clients and retail clients). Management’s emphasis on the breakdown of wholesale and retail client types has diminished over the last several years as gross margin opportunities within each client type have changed considerably as the Company has focused on digital technologies. Today, our analysis within our two reporting segments is multi-purposed and includes technologies employed, client relationships, and sales channel accountability.

Economic Trends and Outlook:

Our business outlook is highly correlated to general North American economic conditions. During periods of increasing employment and economic expansion, demand for our services tends to increase. Conversely, during periods of contracting employment and / or a slowing domestic economy, demand for our services tends to decline. As the economy slowed during the second half of 2007 and recessionary conditions emerged in 2008 and during much of 2009, we experienced less demand for our staffing services. During the second half of 2009, we began to see signs of market stabilization and a modest pick-up in activity levels within certain sales channels and technologies and in 2010, market conditions continued to strengthen over the course of the year. In 2011 through 2013, activity levels continued to trend up in most technologies and sales channels. During 2014 and 2015, we continued to see a steady flow of solid activity in our contract staffing business; however, tightness in the supply side (skilled IT professionals) of our business during these years negatively impacted our new assignment successes. Solid activity levels in our contract staffing business continued in 2016 through 2018, however, recruitment challenges remained due to the tightness in the supply of skilled IT professionals. As we advance through 2019, we are encouraged by continued growth in the domestic job markets and an expanding U.S. economy, which we believe are positive factors for both our IT staffing services and data and analytics services businesses. We believe that supply side pressures will persist in both of our business segments, particularly in our IT staffing services segment.

In addition to tracking general U.S. economic conditions, a large portion of our revenues is generated from a limited number of clients. Accordingly, our trends and outlook are additionally impacted by the prospects and well-being of these specific clients. This “account concentration” factor may cause our results of operations to deviate from the prevailing U.S. economic trends from time to time.

Within the IT staffing segment, a larger portion of our revenues has come from strategic relationships with systems integrators and other staffing organizations. Additionally, many large end-users of IT staffing services are employing third-party managed service providers (“MSP’s”) to manage their contractor spending in an effort to drive down overall costs. Both of these dynamics may pressure our IT staffing gross margins in the future.

Recent growth in certain advanced technologies such as social, cloud, analytics, mobility and automation is providing opportunities within our IT staffing services segment. However, supply side challenges are acute with respect to many of these technologies.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 as Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018:

Revenues:

Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $49.5 million compared to $44.3 million for the corresponding three month period in 2018. This 12% organic year-over-year revenue increase reflected 10% growth in our IT staffing services segment and 22% growth in our data and analytics services segment. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 11.3%). For the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had the same one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 13.5%). The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 45% and 48% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Below is a tabular presentation of revenues by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


Revenues (Amounts in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services	$	7.1	$	5.8
IT Staffing Services		42.4		38.5

Total revenues	$	49.5	$	44.3

Revenues from our Data and Analytics Services segment totaled $7.1 million in the third quarter ended September 30, 2019, compared to $5.8 million in the corresponding quarter last year. The year-over-year increase reflected greater pipeline opportunities and a better project win ratio over the last several quarters compared to a year earlier. Sequentially, revenues in the third quarter of 2019 increased 6% from the second quarter of 2019.

Revenues from our IT Staffing Services segment totaled $42.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $38.5 million during the corresponding 2018 period. This 10% increase reflected a higher level of billable consultants and a higher average bill rate in the third quarter of 2019 when compared to the corresponding 2018 quarter. Billable consultant headcount at September 30, 2019 totaled 1,197-consultants compared to 1,089-consultants, one-year earlier. For the three months ended September

30, 2019 our billing consultants increased by 84-consultants or by 7.5%. Increased demand for our staffing services and improved efficiencies at our global recruitment center were largely responsible for this improvement. Our average bill rate increased to $74.60 per hour during the third quarter of 2019 compared to $72.51 per hour in the corresponding 2018 quarter. The increase in our average bill rate was due to higher rates on new assignments during the nine months of 2019 and was reflective of the types of skill-sets that we deployed. Permanent placement / fee revenues were approximately $0.1 million during the quarter, which were in-line with our permanent placement performance of a year ago.

Gross Margins:

Gross profits in the third quarter of 2019 totaled $12.3 million and exceeded third quarter of 2018 gross profits by approximately $1.6 million. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 24.9% for the three month period ended September 30, 2019 compared to 24.2% during the same period of 2018. This 70-basis point improvement reflected higher gross margins at both operating segments and higher volume levels in our high-margin data and analytics services segment (favorable revenue mix).

Below is a tabular presentation of gross margin by reporting segment for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


Gross Margin	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services		45.7	%		44.5	%
IT Staffing Services		21.4			21.1

Total gross margin		24.9	%		24.2	%

Gross margins from our Data and Analytics Services segment were 45.7% of revenues during the third quarter of 2019. This compares to gross margins of 44.5% in the third quarter of 2018. The margin improvement reflected lower bench costs and higher billable consultant utilization in the third quarter of 2019 compared to a year ago.

Gross margins from our IT Staffing Services segment were 21.4% in the third quarter of 2019 compared to 21.1% during the corresponding quarter of 2018. This 30-basis point expansion was due to better gross margins on new assignments secured during the last several quarters, which reflects our focus on advanced technology skill-sets.

Selling, General and Administrative (“S,G&A”) Expenses:

Below is a tabular presentation of operating expenses by sales, operations, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition transaction costs and general and administrative categories for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


S,G&A Expenses (Amounts in millions)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019			Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	0.7		$	0.7
Operations		0.3			0.1
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets		0.5			0.5
Acquisition Transaction Costs		(0.1	)		—
General & Administrative		0.7			0.4

Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	2.1		$	1.7

IT Staffing Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	2.2		$	2.1
Operations		2.7			2.3
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets		0.2			0.2
General & Administrative		2.1			1.9

Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	7.2		$	6.5

Total S,G&A Expenses	$	9.3		$	8.2

S,G&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $9.3 million, compared to $8.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Excluding the amortization of acquired intangible assets in both periods, S,G&A expense as a percentage of total revenues would have been 17.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Fluctuations within S,G&A expense components during the third quarter of 2019, compared to the third quarter of 2018, included the following:

•

Sales expense increased by $0.1 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Sales expense in our IT Staffing Services segment was responsible for the entire variance due to higher variable compensation expense.

•

Operations expense increased by $0.6 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Investments in our Data and Analytics Services segment, related to service offerings expansion, accounted for an increase of $0.2 million. Our IT Staffing Services segment was responsible for $0.4 million of the variance due to an increase in offshore recruitment staff; higher visa processing fees; and higher facility costs.

•

Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $0.7 million in both the 2019 and 2018 periods.

•

Acquisition transaction costs were negative $0.1 million in the 2019 period due to reduced investment banking fees associated with contingent consideration payments.

•

General and administrative expense increased by $0.5 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Approximately $0.3 million was related to our Data and Analytics Services segment and was largely due to higher executive leadership compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense in the 2019 period. The $0.2 million increase in our IT Staffing Services segment was due to higher compensation and depreciation expense.

Income / (Expense) Components:

Other Income / (Expense) for the three months ended September 30, 2019 consisted of interest expense of ($413,000) and foreign exchange gains of $33,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, Other Income / (Expense) consisted of interest expense of ($535,000) and foreign exchange gains of $108,000. The lower level of interest expense was largely due to lower outstanding borrowings from a year ago. The higher foreign exchange gains in 2018 reflected a material decline in the Indian rupee relative to the U.S. dollar.

Income Tax Expense:

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $741,000, representing an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of 27.5% compared to $459,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which represented a 22.1% effective tax rate on pre-tax income. The higher effective tax rate in the 2019 period largely reflected a higher state income tax accruals and lower excess tax benefits from stock options / restricted shares compared to the 2018 period.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 as Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018:

Revenues:

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $143.2 million compared to $132.5 million for the corresponding nine month period in 2018. This 8% year-over-year revenue increase reflected 8% growth in our IT Staffing Services segment and a 6% over-year revenue increase in our Data and Analytics Services segment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 11.3%). For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company had the same one client that had revenues in excess of 10% of total revenues (CGI = 12.9%). The Company’s top ten clients represented approximately 45% and 48% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Below is a tabular presentation of revenues by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


Revenues (Amounts in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services	$	19.5	$	18.4
IT Staffing Services		123.7		114.1

Total revenues	$	143.2	$	132.5

Revenues from our Data and Analytics Services segment totaled $19.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to $18.4 million in the corresponding period last year. The year-over-year increase reflected greater pipeline opportunities and a better project win ratio over the last several quarters compared to a year earlier.

Revenues from our IT Staffing Services segment totaled $123.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $114.1 million during the corresponding 2018 period. This 8% increase reflected a higher level of billable consultants and a higher average bill rate in the nine month period of 2019 when compared to the corresponding 2018 period. Strong demand for our IT staffing services and improved efficiencies at our global recruitment center were largely responsible for this improvement. Permanent placement / fee revenues were approximately $0.5 million during the nine month period of 2019, which was in-line with a strong permanent placement performance of a year ago.

Gross Margins:

Gross profits in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $35.2 million, compared to $31.9 million during the corresponding 2018 period, an increase of $3.3 million. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 24.6% for the nine month period ended September 30, 2019 compared to 24.0% during the same period of 2018. This 60-basis point improvement reflected higher gross margins at both operating segments and higher volume levels in our high-margin Data and Analytics Services segment (favorable revenue mix).

Below is a tabular presentation of gross margin by reporting segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


Gross Margin	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services		45.8	%		43.7	%
IT Staffing Services		21.3			20.9

Total gross margin		24.6	%		24.0	%

Gross margins from our Data and Analytics Services segment were 45.8% of revenues during the nine month period ended September 30, 2019. This compared to gross margins of 43.7% in the corresponding period of 2018. The margin improvement reflected lower bench costs and higher billable consultant utilization in the 2019 period.

Gross margins from our IT Staffing Services segment were 21.3% in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 20.9% during the corresponding period of 2018. This 40-basis point expansion was due to better gross margins on new assignments secured during the last several quarters, which reflects our focus on advanced technology skill-sets.

Selling, General and Administrative (“S,G&A”) Expenses:

Below is a tabular presentation of operating expenses by sales, operations, amortization of acquired intangible assets, revaluation of contingent consideration, goodwill impairment, acquisition transaction costs and general and administrative categories for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


S,G&A Expenses (Amounts in millions)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Data and Analytics Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	2.6		$	1.9
Operations		0.6			0.3
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets		1.5			1.5
Revaluation of Contingent Consideration		(6.1	)		(9.1	)
Goodwill Impairment		—			7.7
Acquisition Transaction Costs.		(0.1	)		(0.1	)
General & Administrative		1.9			1.3

Subtotal Data and Analytics Services	$	.4		$	3.5

IT Staffing Services Segment
Sales and Marketing	$	6.6		$	6.3
Operations		7.7			6.6
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets		0.6			0.6
General & Administrative		6.4			5.5

Subtotal IT Staffing Services	$	21.3		$	19.0

Total S,G&A Expenses	$	21.7		$	22.5

S,G&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $21.7 million, compared to $22.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Excluding the revaluation of contingent consideration, net of goodwill impairment, and the amortization of acquired intangible assets in both periods, S,G&A expense as a percentage of total revenues would have been 17.9% and 16.5%, respectively. Fluctuations within S,G&A expense components during the first nine months of 2019, compared to the first nine months of 2018, included the following:

•

Sales expense increased by $1.0 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Approximately $0.7 million reflected investments in the sales organization of our Data and Analytics Services segment. Sales expense in our IT Staffing Services segment increased by $0.3 million due to higher staff compensation.

•

Operations expense increased by $1.4 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Investments in our Data and Analytics Services segment accounted for $0.3 million of this variance. Higher offshore recruiter staff/compensation, facility costs and higher H1B processing expenses in our IT Staffing Services segment were responsible for an increase of $1.1 million.

•

Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $2.1 million in both the 2019 and 2018 periods.

•

Revaluation of contingent consideration, net of goodwill impairment, totaled a credit of $6.1 million in the 2019 period compared to a credit of $1.4 million in the 2018 period.

•

Acquisition transaction costs were negative $0.1 million in both the 2019 and 2018 periods due to reduced investment banking fees associated with contingent consideration payments.

•

General and administrative expense increased by $1.5 million in the 2019 period compared to 2018. Approximately $0.6 million was related to our Data and Analytics Services segment and was largely due to higher executive leadership compensation expense and stock-based compensation expense in the 2019 period. The $0.9 million increase in our IT Staffing Services segment was due to higher compensation expense; system upgrade and support costs; and higher depreciation expense.

Other Income / (Expense) Components:

Other Income / (Expense) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consisted of interest expense of ($1.4 million) and foreign exchange losses of ($21,000). For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Other Income / (Expense) consisted of interest expense of ($1.6 million) and foreign exchange gains / other of $77,000. The lower level of interest expense was largely due to lower borrowings from a year ago.

Income Tax Expense:

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $3.2 million, representing an effective tax rate on pre-tax income of 26.6% compared to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which represented a 25.9% effective tax rate on pre-tax income. The higher effective tax rate in the 2019 period largely reflected a higher aggregate tax rate on foreign earnings and lower excess tax benefits from stock options / restricted shares compared to the 2018 period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources:

Financial Conditions and Liquidity:

At September 30, 2019, we had bank debt, net of cash balances on hand, of $25.4 million and approximately $17.2 million of borrowing capacity under our existing credit facility.

Historically, we have funded our organic business needs with cash generated from operating activities. Controlling our operating working capital levels by closely managing our accounts receivable balance is an important element of cash generation. At September 30, 2019, our accounts receivable “days sales outstanding” (“DSOs”) measurement improved by 5-days from our June 30, 2019 measurement to 61-days. This improvement reflected the continued progress in resolving cash conversion issues related to our Cloud-based ERP implementation.

We believe that cash provided by operating activities, cash balances on hand and current availability under our credit facility will be adequate to fund our business needs and debt service obligations over the next twelve months.

Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities:

Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $13.1 million compared to cash (used in) operating activities of ($3.3 million) during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Elements of cash flows in the 2019 period were net income of $8.9 million, non-cash charges of negative ($1.1 million), and a decrease in operating working capital levels of $5.3 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, elements of cash flows in the 2018 period were net income of $5.8 million, non-cash charges of $2.0 million, and an increase in operating working capital levels of ($11.1 million). Non-cash charges in both periods were impacted by the revaluation of contingent consideration, net of goodwill impairment charges, of ($6.1 million) and ($1.4 million), in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The operating working capital decrease in the 2019 period reflected improved accounts receivable collections and higher payroll accruals (timing of pay periods). In the 2018 period, operating working capital increases were in support of revenue growth and the negative impact of the Cloud-based ERP implementation on our cash conversion processes. We believe Cloud-based ERP implementation issues related to cash conversion processes have been largely resolved at September 30, 2019.

Cash flows (used in) investing activities:

Cash (used in) investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was ($0.8 million) compared to ($0.8 million) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. In 2019 and 2018, capital expenditures totaled ($0.9 million) and ($0.5 million), respectively, and were largely related to system upgrade expenditures. Additionally, we had $0.1 million of real estate lease deposit recoveries in the 2019 period compared to real estate lease deposit increases of ($0.3 million) in the 2018 period.

Cash flows (used in) financing activities:

Cash (used in) financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled ($11.6 million) and largely consisted of net debt payments on our term loan facility and revolving credit line partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 totaled $4.2 million and consisted of net borrowings under our revolving credit facility of $7.0 million less debt payments on our term loan of ($2.8 million).

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements:

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation:

We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, we attempt to minimize any effects of inflation on our operating results by controlling operating costs and, whenever possible, seeking to ensure that billing rates are adjusted periodically to reflect increases in costs due to inflation.

Seasonality:

Our operations are generally not affected by seasonal fluctuations. However, our consultants’ billable hours are affected by national holidays and vacation policies. Accordingly, we generally have lower utilization rates and higher benefit costs during the fourth quarter. Additionally, assignment completions tend to be higher near the end of the calendar year, which largely impacts our revenue and gross profit performance during the subsequent quarter.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards:

Recent accounting pronouncements are described in Note 15 to the accompanying financial statements.

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value. Our cash flows and earnings are subject to fluctuations due to currency exchange rate variations. Foreign currency risk exists by nature of our global recruitment and delivery centers. In 2012 through 2015, we attempted to limit our exposure to currency exchange fluctuations in the Indian rupee via the purchase of foreign currency forward contracts. The Company elected not to engage in currency hedging activities in 2016 to date.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of Company management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The certifications required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 are filed as exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, to this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, such internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in a number of lawsuits and administrative proceedings. While uncertainties are inherent in the final outcome of these matters, management believes, after consultation with legal counsel, that the disposition of these proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2019.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

A summary of our Common Stock repurchased during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 is set forth in the following table:

Period

Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased (2)

Average
Price per
Share (2)

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs (1)

Maximum
Number of
Shares that May
Yet Be
Purchased
Under this Plan
or Programs (1)

July 1, 2019 — July 31, 2019

—

August 1, 2019 — August 31, 2019

—

September 1, 2019 — September 30, 2019

—

Total

—

(1)	As of September 30, 2019, the Company does not have a publicly announced repurchase program in place.

(2)	All shares purchased during the nine months of 2019 were to satisfy employee tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock under the Company’s Stock Incentive Plan.

ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits



31.1		Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Executive Officer is filed herewith.

31.2		Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chief Financial Officer is filed herewith.

32.1		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Chief Executive Officer is furnished herewith.

32.2		Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, by the Chief Financial Officer is furnished herewith.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 8th day of November, 2019.


						MASTECH DIGITAL, INC.

November 8, 2019						/s/ VIVEK GUPTA
						Vivek Gupta Chief Executive Officer

						/s/ JOHN J. CRONIN, JR.
						John J. Cronin, Jr.
						Chief Financial Officer
						(Principal Financial Officer)

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company