Medpace Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 001-37856

Medpace Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

32-0434904

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

5375 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH 45227

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(513) 579-9911

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock $0.01 par value	MEDP	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class		Number of Shares Outstanding
Common Stock $0.01 par value		35,771,683 shares outstanding as of October 23, 2020

MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

FOR QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item Number		Page
	PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26

	PART II — OTHER INFORMATION	26
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	26
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	26
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
	EXHIBIT INDEX	29
	SIGNATURES	30

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in thousands, except share amounts)	As Of
	September 30,			December 31.
	2020			2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	219,227		$	131,920
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net (includes $2.9 million and $1.9 million with related parties at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)		134,087			155,662
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		41,691			29,446
Total current assets		395,005			317,028
Property and equipment, net		71,472			47,292
Operating lease right-of-use assets		109,533			52,152
Goodwill		662,458			662,396
Intangible assets, net		48,423			54,350
Deferred income taxes		477			376
Other assets		8,774			9,477
Total assets	$	1,296,142		$	1,143,071
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable (includes $0.2 million and $0.2 million with related parties at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)	$	15,878		$	22,404
Accrued expenses		116,996			109,252
Advanced billings (includes $4.6 million and $3.0 million with related parties at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)		202,612			192,359
Other current liabilities		22,910			18,987
Total current liabilities		358,396			343,002
Operating lease liabilities		110,670			45,212
Deferred income tax liability		19,861			12,849
Other long-term liabilities		15,586			15,725
Total liabilities		504,513			416,788
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock - $0.01 par-value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		-			-
Common stock - $0.01 par-value; 250,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 35,757,453 and 36,065,278 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		357			360
Treasury stock - 200,000 shares at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		(6,030	)		(6,030	)
Additional paid-in capital		687,618			666,585
Retained earnings		111,807			68,109
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,123	)		(2,741	)
Total shareholders’ equity		791,629			726,283
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,296,142		$	1,143,071

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2020			2019			2020		2019
Revenue, net (includes $3.4 million and $4.6 million with related parties for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $11.6 million and $13.7 million with related parties for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively)	$	230,373		$	216,238		$	666,247	$	631,083
Operating expenses:
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		87,577			81,086			262,997		235,522
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		68,637			70,984			207,376		212,563
Total direct costs		156,214			152,070			470,373		448,085
Selling, general and administrative		22,796			29,120			69,775		73,984
Depreciation		2,991			2,062			8,118		6,035
Amortization		1,950			2,995			5,927		11,834
Total operating expenses		183,951			186,247			554,193		539,938
Income from operations		46,422			29,991			112,054		91,145
Other income (expense), net:
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		584			(273	)		1,440		(574	)
Interest (expense) income, net		(16	)		(253	)		336		(1,956	)
Total other income (expense), net		568			(526	)		1,776		(2,530	)
Income before income taxes		46,990			29,465			113,830		88,615
Income tax provision		5,530			5,488			19,312		17,985
Net income	$	41,460		$	23,977		$	94,518	$	70,630
Net income per share attributable to common shareholders:
Basic	$	1.16		$	0.67		$	2.64	$	1.97
Diluted	$	1.09		$	0.63		$	2.50	$	1.88
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		35,552			35,939			35,654		35,829
Diluted		37,763			37,835			37,715		37,507

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in thousands)	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2020		2019			2020		2019
Net income	$	41,460	$	23,977		$	94,518	$	70,630
Other comprehensive income
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes		1,100		(1,286	)		618		(1,146	)
Comprehensive income	$	42,560	$	22,691		$	95,136	$	69,484

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)


(Amounts in thousands)									(Accumulated			Accumulated
							Additional		Deficit)			Other
	Common			Treasury			Paid-In		Retained			Comprehensive
	Stock			Stock			Capital		Earnings			Loss			Total
BALANCE — December 31, 2018	$	356		$	(6,030	)	$	639,381	$	(41,487	)	$	(2,517	)	$	589,703
Impact to Retained Earnings from adoption of ASU 2016-02										9,153						9,153
BALANCE — January 1, 2019		356			(6,030	)		639,381		(32,334	)		(2,517	)		598,856
Net income										19,198						19,198
Foreign currency translation													(274	)		(274	)
Stock-based compensation expense								3,183								3,183
Stock options exercised		1						933								934
BALANCE — March 31, 2019	$	357		$	(6,030	)	$	643,497	$	(13,136	)	$	(2,791	)	$	621,897
Net income										27,455						27,455
Foreign currency translation													414			414
Stock-based compensation expense								5,385								5,385
Stock options exercised		2						2,902								2,904
BALANCE — June 30, 2019	$	359		$	(6,030	)	$	651,784	$	14,319		$	(2,377	)	$	658,055
Net income										23,977						23,977
Foreign currency translation													(1,286	)		(1,286	)
Stock-based compensation expense								9,466								9,466
Stock options exercised		1						1,794								1,795
BALANCE — September 30, 2019	$	360		$	(6,030	)	$	663,044	$	38,296		$	(3,663	)	$	692,007


												Accumulated
							Additional					Other
	Common			Treasury			Paid-In		Retained			Comprehensive
	Stock			Stock			Capital		Earnings			Loss			Total
BALANCE — December 31, 2019	$	360		$	(6,030	)	$	666,585	$	68,109		$	(2,741	)	$	726,283
Net income										28,954						28,954
Foreign currency translation													(988	)		(988	)
Stock-based compensation expense								5,445								5,445
Stock options exercised		1						1,342								1,343
Repurchases of common stock		(6	)							(43,232	)					(43,238	)
BALANCE — March 31, 2020	$	355		$	(6,030	)	$	673,372	$	53,831		$	(3,729	)	$	717,799
Net income										24,104						24,104
Foreign currency translation													506			506
Stock-based compensation expense								2,616								2,616
Stock options exercised								633								633
Repurchases of common stock		(1	)							(7,588	)					(7,589	)
BALANCE — June 30, 2020	$	354		$	(6,030	)	$	676,621	$	70,347		$	(3,223	)	$	738,069
Net income										41,460						41,460
Foreign currency translation													1,100			1,100
Stock-based compensation expense								2,762								2,762
Stock options exercised		3						8,235								8,238
BALANCE — September 30, 2020	$	357		$	(6,030	)	$	687,618	$	111,807		$	(2,123	)	$	791,629

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(Amounts in thousands)	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	94,518		$	70,630
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		8,118			6,035
Amortization		5,927			11,834
Stock-based compensation expense		10,823			18,034
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount		-			954
Noncash lease expense		9,968			7,212
Deferred income tax provision		6,911			2,839
Amortization and adjustment of deferred credit		(531	)		(601	)
Other		(85	)		1,768
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and unbilled, net		21,400			(5,982	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(9,820	)		(9,039	)
Accounts payable		(5,611	)		2,818
Accrued expenses		7,619			15,427
Advanced billings		10,355			21,901
Lease liabilities		(7,507	)		(6,477	)
Other assets and liabilities, net		1,093			7,574
Net cash provided by operating activities		153,178			144,927
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Property and equipment expenditures		(23,554	)		(12,152	)
Other		74			(1,262	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(23,480	)		(13,414	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from stock option exercises		8,753			5,686
Repurchases of common stock		(50,827	)		-
Payment of debt		-			(80,438	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(42,074	)		(74,752	)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH		(317	)		(753	)
INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH		87,307			56,008
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — Beginning of period		131,920			23,282
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — End of period	$	219,227		$	79,290
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION—
Acquisition of property and equipment—non-cash	$	10,732		$	2,860

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

September 30, 2020

(1) Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

Medpace Holdings, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Medpace” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a global provider of clinical research-based drug and medical device development services. The Company partners with pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies in the development and execution of clinical trials. The Company’s drug development services focus on full service Phase I-IV clinical development services and include development plan design, project management, regulatory affairs, clinical monitoring, data management and analysis, pharmacovigilance new drug application submissions, post-marketing clinical support, laboratory services, clinical human pharmacology, imaging services, and electrocardiography reading support for clinical trials.

The Company’s operations are principally based in North America, Europe, and Asia.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and are unaudited. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, but that is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been omitted. The preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results and outcomes could differ from management’s estimates and assumptions. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Share Repurchases

In the first quarter of 2018, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $50.0 million in share repurchases. In the first quarter of 2020, the Board of Directors approved an additional $50.0 million in share repurchases, bringing the total to $100.0 million authorized under the share repurchase program. There were no share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 772,125 shares for $50.8 million. As of September 30, 2020, $49.2 million remained available under the repurchase program authorization.

Repurchases under the share repurchase program are executed in the open market or negotiated transactions under trading plans put in place pursuant to Rule 10b5-1. The Company constructively retires all repurchased shares with all amounts paid in excess of par value reflected within Retained earnings in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about expected credit losses and other commitments to extend credit held by the reporting entity. The standard replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with one that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2020 and it had no impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

(2) Net Income Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings or loss per share (“EPS”) are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in

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undistributed earnings. Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”) are considered participating securities because they are legally issued at the date of grant and holders are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting term.

The computation of diluted EPS includes additional common shares, such as unvested stock options with exercise prices less than the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the period (“in-the-money options”), which would be considered outstanding under the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that additional shares would have to be issued in cases where the exercise price of stock options is less than the value of the common stock being acquired because the cash proceeds received from the stock option holder would not be sufficient to acquire that same number of shares. The Company does not compute diluted EPS in cases where the inclusion of such additional shares would be anti-dilutive in effect.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands, except for earnings per share):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Weighted-average shares:
Common shares outstanding		35,552		35,939		35,654		35,829
RSAs		116		98		95		101
Total weighted-average shares		35,668		36,037		35,749		35,930
Earnings per common share—Basic
Net income	$	41,460	$	23,977	$	94,518	$	70,630
Less: Undistributed earnings allocated to RSAs		135		65		252		199
Net income available to common shareholders—Basic	$	41,325	$	23,912	$	94,266	$	70,431

Net income per common share—Basic	$	1.16	$	0.67	$	2.64	$	1.97

Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding		35,552		35,939		35,654		35,829
Effect of diluted shares		2,211		1,896		2,061		1,678
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding		37,763		37,835		37,715		37,507

Net income per common share—Diluted	$	1.09	$	0.63	$	2.50	$	1.88

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company had 4,800 and 204,205 stock options, respectively, that were excluded due to the exercise price exceeding the average fair value of the Company’s common stock during the period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had 245,000 stock options, respectively, that were excluded due to the exercise price exceeding the average fair value of the Company’s common stock during the period.

(3) Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows accounting guidance related to fair value measurements that defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of “observable” inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy specifies three levels based on the inputs, as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuations based on directly observable inputs or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Valuations based on unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity representing management’s determination of assumptions of how market participants would price the assets or liabilities.

The fair value of financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and unbilled, net, accounts payable, accrued expenses and advanced billings approximate their carrying amounts due to their short term maturities.

The Company does not have any recurring fair value measurements as of September 30, 2020. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

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(4) Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets and liabilities are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets within the accounts reflected below.

Contract Assets

Accounts receivable represent amounts due from the Company’s customers who are concentrated primarily in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. Unbilled represents revenue recognized to date that has not been billed or is not yet contractually billable to the customer. In general, amounts become billable upon the achievement of negotiated contractual events, in accordance with predetermined payment schedules or when a reimbursable expense has been incurred. Amounts classified to unbilled are those billable to customers within one year from the respective balance sheet date.

Accounts receivable and unbilled, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Accounts receivable	$	105,303		$	127,877
Unbilled receivables		29,259			28,368
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(475	)		(583	)
Total accounts receivable and unbilled, net	$	134,087		$	155,662

Contract Liabilities

Advanced billings represents cash received from customers, or billed amounts per an agreed upon payment schedule, in advance of services being performed or revenue being recognized.

Advanced billings consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Advanced billings	$	202,612	$	192,359

As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $1.5 billion of performance obligations remaining to be performed for active projects.

(5) Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Intangible assets:
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Carrying amount:
Customer relationships		145,051			145,051
Other		3,074			3,074
Total finite-lived intangible assets		148,125			148,125
Accumulated amortization:
Customer relationships		(128,274	)		(122,426	)
Other		(3,074	)		(2,995	)
Total accumulated amortization		(131,348	)		(125,421	)
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net		16,777			22,704
Trade name (indefinite-lived)		31,646			31,646
Total intangible assets, net	$	48,423		$	54,350

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As of September 30, 2020, estimated amortization expense of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

	Amortization
Remainder of 2020	$	1,949
2021		5,114
2022		3,353
2023		2,199
2024		1,443
Later years		2,719
	$	16,777

(6) Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Employee compensation and benefits	$	36,585	$	34,119
Project related reimbursable expenses		74,385		68,696
Other		6,026		6,437
Total accrued expenses	$	116,996	$	109,252

(7) Debt

On September 30, 2019, the Company obtained an unsecured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount up to $50.0 million (the “Credit Facility”) through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Medpace, Inc., as borrower, and Medpace IntermediateCo, Inc., as guarantor. Outstanding balances under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points (1.00%). On March 30, 2020, the Company amended the credit facility to extend its expiration date to March 31, 2021 and add provisions for alternative interest rates when certain interbank market offered rates are not available.

As of September 30, 2020, there were no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility and $0.2 million in letters of credit outstanding related to certain operating lease obligations, which are secured by the Credit Facility.

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(8) Leases

The Company enters into leases for real estate and equipment. Real estate leases are for our corporate office space and laboratories around the world. Real estate leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 20 years. Many of the Company’s leases include options to extend the leases on a month to month basis or for set periods for up to 20 years. Many leases also include options to terminate the leases within 1 year or per other contractual terms.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	5,514	$	3,241	$	14,153	$	9,578
Variable lease cost		1,386		649		3,456		1,995

Supplemental cash flow information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	9,328	$	6,979

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		66,796		8,476

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the leases was as follows (in thousands):

	As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	109,533		$	52,152

Other current liabilities	$	15,097		$	10,977
Operating lease liabilities		110,670			45,212
Total operating lease liabilities	$	125,767		$	56,189

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases	12.8			6.3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		5.9	%		6.0	%

Lease payments due related to lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	Related Party			Non-Related Parties			Total
	Operating Leases			Operating Leases			Operating Leases
Remainder of 2020	$	2,889		$	2,516		$	5,405
2021		10,105			11,015			21,120
2022		9,886			7,885			17,771
2023		8,346			6,641			14,987
2024		8,464			4,890			13,354
Later years		103,600			11,890			115,490
Total lease payments		143,290			44,837			188,127
Less: imputed interest		(56,589	)		(5,771	)		(62,360	)
Total	$	86,701		$	39,066		$	125,767

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The Company began to occupy an additional leased corporate headquarters building in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. See Note 12 for details of this related party lease.

As of September 30, 2020, we have several additional leases with contractual obligations, which have not yet commenced, with future payments of $1.5 million through 2025.

(9) Shareholder’s Equity and Stock-Based Compensation

The Company granted 347,197 awards to employees under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, consisting of 20,724 restricted stock awards (“RSA”) and 119,768 restricted stock units (“RSU”) vesting after four years, 4,800 stock option awards and 2,500 RSU vesting after three years, and 199,405 fully-vested stock option awards. The Company granted an additional 23,148 stock option awards, vesting after one year, to non-employee directors under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company granted 778,986 awards to employees under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, consisting of 10,000 stock option awards and 190,310 RSU vesting after four years, 5,000 stock option awards vesting after one year, 551,676 fully-vested stock option awards and 22,000 stock option awards with vesting in twelve equal monthly installments beginning on March 31, 2019. The Company granted an additional 38,832 stock option awards, vesting after one year, to non-employee directors under the 2016 Incentive Award Plan, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Award Activity

The following table sets forth the Company’s stock option activity:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
				Weighted Average
	Stock Options			Exercise Price
Outstanding - beginning of period		3,030,071		$	34.50
Granted		227,353		$	105.77
Exercised		(464,300	)	$	22.00
Forfeited/Expired		(82,151	)	$	36.39
Outstanding - end of period		2,710,973		$	42.56

Exercisable - end of period		1,675,075		$	47.49

The following table sets forth the Company’s RSA/RSU activity:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020
	Shares/Units
Outstanding and unvested - beginning of period		569,770
Granted		142,992
Vested		-
Forfeited		(60,890	)
Outstanding and unvested - end of period		651,872

Cumulative vested shares - end of period		1,913,916

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations related to all outstanding stock based compensation awards is summarized below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Total direct costs	$	1,898	$	1,807	$	5,678	$	5,085
Selling, general and administrative		864		7,659		5,145		12,949
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,762	$	9,466	$	10,823	$	18,034

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(10) Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 11.8% and 18.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate was 17.0% and 20.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 varied from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of state taxes, which was favorably offset by previously acquired tax attributes, tax benefits related to Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and excess tax benefits recognized from share-based compensation.

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, including employment claims and claims related to other business transactions. The Company cannot predict with certainty the outcome of such proceedings, but it believes that adequate reserves have been recorded and losses already recognized with respect to such proceedings, which were immaterial as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There is a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized may be incurred related to these actions; however, the Company believes that such potential losses were immaterial as of September 30, 2020.

Purchase Commitments

The Company has several minimum purchase commitments for project related supplies totaling $10.2 million. In return for the commitment, Medpace receives preferential pricing. The commitments expire at various times through 2026.

(12) Related Party Transactions

Employee Loans

The Company periodically extends short term loans or advances to employees, typically upon commencement of employment. Total receivables as a result of these employee advances of $0.2 million existed at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and are included in the Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets line items of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, depending on the contractual repayment date.

Service Agreements

Cymabay Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cymabay”)

Cymabay is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing therapies to treat metabolic diseases with high unmet medical need, including serious rare and orphan disorders. A Medpace employee was a member Cymabay’s board of directors from the first quarter of 2016 until his resignation in the first quarter of 2020. The Company and Cymabay entered into a MSA dated October 21, 2016. Subsequently, the Company and Cymabay have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. The Company recognized total revenue from Cymabay of $3.5 million and $9.4 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had Advanced billings from Cymabay of $1.6 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from Cymabay of $1.4 million recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of the first quarter of 2020, Cymabay is no longer considered a related party.

LIB Therapeutics LLC and subsidiaries (“LIB”)

Certain executives and employees of the Company, including the chief executive officer, are members of LIB’s board of managers. The Company entered into a MSA dated November 24, 2015 with LIB, a company that engages in research, development, marketing and commercialization of pharmaceutical drugs. Subsequently, the Company and LIB have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. The Company recognized total revenue from LIB of $0.6 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2.0 million and $1.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, the Company had Advanced billings from LIB of $0.7 million and $0.5 million recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from LIB of $0.3 million and $0.3 million recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

- 14 -

CinRX Pharma and subsidiaries (“CinRx”)

Certain executives and employees of the Company, including the chief executive officer, are members of CinRx’s board of managers and/or have equity investments in CinRx, a biotech company. The Company and CinRx have entered into several task orders for the Company to perform clinical trial related services. The Company recognized total revenue from CinRx of $2.7 million and $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9.5 million and $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, the Company had Advanced billings from CinRx of $3.9 million and $0.9 million recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the Company had Accounts receivable and unbilled, net from CinRx of $2.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Summit Hotel (“The Summit”)

The Summit Hotel, located on the Medpace campus, is owned by the chief executive officer, and managed by an unrelated hospitality management entity. Medpace incurs travel lodging and meeting expenses at The Summit. Medpace incurred expenses of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, at The Summit.

Leased Real Estate

Headquarters Lease

The Company entered into an operating lease for its corporate headquarters with an entity that is wholly owned by the chief executive officer of the Company. The Company has evaluated its relationship with the related party and concluded that the related party is not a variable interest entity because the Company has no direct ownership interest or relationship other than the lease. The lease for headquarters is for an initial term of twelve years through November 2022 with a renewal option for one 10-year term at prevailing market rates. The Company pays rent, taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses that arise from the use of the property. Annual base rent for its corporate headquarters allows for adjustments to the rental rate annually for increases in the consumer price index. Operating lease cost recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million, respectively, and $1.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The operating lease cost was allocated between Total direct costs and Selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Operating lease right-of-use assets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $3.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at September 30, 2020 were $1.8 million and $2.1 million, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 were $1.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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In 2018, Medpace, Inc. entered into a multi-year lease agreement governing future occupancy of additional office space in Cincinnati, Ohio with an entity that is wholly owned by the Company’s chief executive officer and certain members of his immediate family. The Company began to occupy the premises in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. The lease expires in 2040 and the Company has two 10-year options to extend the term of the lease. The Company pays rent, taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses that arise from the use of the property. Annual base rent for the corporate headquarters allows for adjustments to the rental rate annually for increases in the consumer price index. The Company has determined that the lease is an operating lease. Operating lease cost recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively. The operating lease cost was allocated between Total direct costs and Selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Operating lease right-of-use assets at September 30, 2020 were $52.1 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at September 30, 2020 were $1.0 million and $61.5 million, respectively, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company entered into two multi-year lease agreements governing the occupancy of space of two buildings in Cincinnati, Ohio with an entity that is wholly owned by the Company’s chief executive officer and certain members of his immediate family. The Company assumed occupancy in 2012 and the leases expire in 2027 with the Company having one 10-year option to extend the lease term. The Company pays rent, taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses that arise from the use of the property. Annual base rent for the corporate headquarters allows for adjustments to the rental rate annually for increases in the consumer price index. The Company has determined that the leases are operating leases. Operating lease cost recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $0.9 million, respectively, and $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The operating lease cost was allocated between Total direct costs and Selling, general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Operating lease right-of-use assets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $20.2 million and $21.9 million, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at September 30, 2020 were $2.4 million and $17.8 million, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The current and long-term portions of the lease liabilities at December 31, 2019 were $2.3 million and $19.7 million, respectively, and were recognized in Other current liabilities and Operating lease liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Travel Services

The Company incurs expenses for travel services for company executives provided by a private aviation charter company that is owned by the chief executive officer and the executive vice president of operations of the Company (“private aviation charter”). The Company may contract directly with the private aviation charter for the use of its aircraft or indirectly through a third party aircraft management and jet charter company (the “Aircraft Management Company”). The travel services provided are primarily for business purposes, with certain personal travel paid for as part of the executives’ compensation arrangements. The Aircraft Management Company also makes the private aviation charter aircraft available to third parties. The Company incurred travel expenses of $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to these travel services. These travel expenses are recorded in Selling, general and administrative in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had Accounts payable to the Aircraft Management Company of $0.2 million, respectively, and less than $0.1 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(13) Entity Wide Disclosures

Revenue by Category

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source (in thousands):

	Three months Ended				Nine months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Therapeutic Area
Oncology	$	68,633	$	65,529	$	203,474	$	186,152
Other		55,541		46,707		151,306		140,668
Metabolic		29,617		34,919		95,902		102,287
AVAI		27,243		24,243		75,377		66,831
Cardiology		27,593		21,733		75,247		68,792
Central Nervous System		21,746		23,107		64,941		66,353
Total revenue	$	230,373	$	216,238	$	666,247	$	631,083

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In the current quarter and for all periods presented, the revenue associated with medical device projects, previously a separate therapeutic area, has been included in the respective therapeutic area that best aligns with the therapeutic focus of the medical device project and represents how management evaluates disaggregated revenue in its internal reporting.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and with the information under the heading “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. This item and the related discussion contain forward-looking statements reflecting current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the “Forward-Looking Statements” below and “Risk Factors” in “Item 1A Risk Factors” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as amended by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained herein, including statements regarding our results of operations; financial position and performance; the anticipated impact of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic on our business; liquidity and our ability to fund our business operations and initiatives; capital expenditure and debt service obligations; business strategies, plans and goals, including those related to operations, marketing, acquisitions and expansion of our business; product approvals and plans; industry trends; expectations regarding consumer behaviors and trends; our culture and operating philosophy; human resource management; arrangements with and delivery of our services to the customers; conversion of backlog; dividend policy; legal proceedings; and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” “will,” “would,” “target,” “likely,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, changes in circumstances and other important factors that are difficult to predict. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment in which new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all important factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of such factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed may not occur and our financial condition and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. We caution you therefore against relying on these forward-looking statements.

We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. For a further discussion of the risks relating to our business, see “Item 1A Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 as amended by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and “Part II – Other Information, Item 1A Risk Factors” herein.

Business Overview

We are one of the world’s leading clinical contract research organizations, or CROs, by revenue, solely focused on providing scientifically-driven outsourced clinical development services to the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Our mission is to accelerate the global development of safe and effective medical therapeutics. We differentiate ourselves from our competitors by our disciplined operating model centered on providing full-service Phase I-IV clinical development services and our therapeutic expertise. We believe this combination results in timely and cost-effective delivery of clinical development services for our customers. We believe that we are a partner of choice for small- and mid-sized biopharmaceutical companies based on our ability to consistently utilize our full-service, disciplined operating model to deliver timely and high-quality results for our customers.

We focus on conducting clinical trials across all major therapeutic areas, with particular strength in Cardiology, Metabolic Disease, Oncology, Central Nervous System (“CNS”), Antiviral and Anti-infective (“AVAI”), as well as therapeutic expertise in Medical Devices. Our global platform includes approximately 3,400 employees across 39 countries as of September 30, 2020, providing our customers with broad access to diverse markets and patient populations as well as local regulatory expertise and market knowledge.

How We Generate Revenue

We earn fees through the performance of services detailed in our customer contracts. Contract scope and pricing is typically based on either a fixed-fee or unit-of-service model, with consideration of activities performed by third parties, as well as ancillary costs necessary to deliver on the contract scope that are reimbursable by our customers. Our contracts can range in duration from a few months to several years. These contracts are individually priced and negotiated based on the anticipated project scope, including the

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complexity of the project and the performance risks inherent in the project. The majority of our contracts are structured with an upfront fee that is collected at the time of contract signing, and the balance of the fee is collected over the duration of the contract either through an arranged billing schedule or upon completion of certain performance targets or defined milestones.

Revenue, which is distinct from billing and cash receipt, is recognized based on the satisfaction of the individual performance obligations identified in each contract. Substantially all of our customer contracts consist of a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual services defined in the contracts are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract, and therefore not distinct. Our performance obligations are generally satisfied over time and recognized as services are performed. The progression of our contract performance obligations are measured primarily utilizing the input method of cost to cost. Cancellation provisions in our contracts allow our customers to terminate a contract either immediately or according to advance notice terms specified within the applicable contract, which is typically 30 days. Contract cancellation may occur for various reasons, including, but not limited to, adverse patient reactions, lack of efficacy, or inadequate patient enrollment. Upon cancellation, we are entitled to fees for services rendered through the date of termination, including payment for subsequent services necessary to conclude the study or close out the contract. These fees are typically discussed and agreed upon with the customer and are realized as revenue when we believe the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. Changes in revenue from period to period are driven primarily by new business volume and task order execution activity, project cancellations, and the mix of active studies during a given period that can vary based on therapeutic area and or study life cycle stage.

Costs and Expenses

Our costs and expenses are comprised primarily of our total direct costs, selling, general and administrative costs, depreciation and amortization and income taxes.

Total Direct Costs

Total direct costs are primarily driven by labor and related employee benefits, but also include contracted third party service related expenses, fees paid to site investigators, reimbursed out of pocket expenses, laboratory supplies and other expenses contributing to service delivery. The other costs of service delivery can include office rent, utilities, supplies and software licenses which are allocated between Total direct costs and selling, general and administrative expenses based on the estimated contribution among service delivery and support function efforts on a percentage basis. Total direct costs are expensed as incurred and are not deferred in anticipation of contracts being awarded or finalization of changes in scope. Total direct costs, as a percentage of net revenue, can vary from period to period due to project labor efficiencies, changes in workforce, compensation/bonus programs and service mix.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses are primarily driven by compensation and related employee benefits, as well as rent, utilities, supplies, software licenses, professional fees (e.g., legal and accounting expenses), bad debt expense, travel, marketing and other operating expenses.

Depreciation

Depreciation is provided on our property and equipment on the straight-line method at rates adequate to allocate the cost of the applicable assets over their estimated useful lives, which is three to five years for computer hardware, software, phone, and medical imaging equipment, five to seven years for furniture and fixtures and other equipment, and thirty to forty years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the associated remaining lease term.

Amortization

Amortization relates to finite-lived intangible assets recognized as expense using the straight-line method or using an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives, which range in term from 5 to 15 years.

Income Tax Provision

Income tax provision consists of federal, state and local taxes on income in multiple jurisdictions. Our income tax is impacted by the pre-tax earnings in jurisdictions with varying tax rates and any related tax credits that may be available to us. Our current and future provision for income taxes will vary from statutory rates due to the impact of valuation allowances in certain countries, income tax incentives, certain non-deductible expenses, and other discrete items.

Key Performance Metrics

To evaluate the performance of our business, we utilize a variety of financial and performance metrics. These key measures include new business awards, cancellations and backlog.

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New Business Awards, Cancellations and Backlog

New business awards represent the value of anticipated future net revenue that has been awarded during the period that is recognized in backlog. This value is recognized upon the signing of a contract or receipt of a written pre-contract confirmation from a customer that confirms an agreement in principle on budget and scope. New business awards also include contract amendments, or changes in scope, where the customer has provided written authorization for changes in budget and scope or has approved us to perform additional work as of the measurement date. Awards may not be recognized as backlog after consideration of a number of factors, including whether (i) the relevant net revenue is expected only after a pending regulatory hurdle, which might result in cancellation of the study, (ii) the customer funding needed for commencement of the study is not believed to have been secured or (iii) study timelines are uncertain or not well defined. In addition, study amounts that extend beyond a three-year timeline are not included in backlog. The number and amount of new business awards can vary significantly from period to period, and an award’s contractual duration can range from several months to several years based on customer and project specifications.

Cancellations arise in the normal course of business and are reflected when we receive written confirmation from the customer to cease work on a contractual agreement. The majority of our customers can terminate our contracts without cause upon 30 days’ notice. Similar to new business awards, the number and amount of cancellations can vary significantly period over period due to timing of customer correspondence and study-specific circumstances.

Net new business awards represent gross new business awards received in a period offset by total cancellations in that period. Net new business awards were $315.4 million and $816.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Net new business awards were $285.4 million and $813.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Backlog represents anticipated future net revenue from net new business awards that have not commenced or are currently in process but not complete. Reported backlog will fluctuate based on new business awards, changes in the scope of existing contracts, cancellations, revenue recognition on existing contracts and foreign exchange adjustments from non-U.S. dollar denominated backlog. As of September 30, 2020, our backlog increased by $205.7 million, or 16.7%, to $1,434.4 million compared to $1,228.7 million as of September 30, 2019. Included within backlog as of September 30, 2020 was approximately $710 million to $730 million that we expect to convert to net revenue over the next twelve months, with the remainder expected to convert to net revenue thereafter.

The effect of foreign currency adjustments on backlog was as follows: favorable foreign currency adjustments of $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020; favorable foreign currency adjustments of $3.3 million for nine months ended September 30, 2020; unfavorable foreign currency adjustments of $9.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019; and unfavorable foreign currency adjustments of $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Backlog and net new business award metrics may not be reliable indicators of our future period revenue as they are subject to a variety of factors that may cause material fluctuations from period to period. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in the scope of projects, cancellations, and duration and timing of services provided.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19)

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak to be a pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in increased travel restrictions and caused the shutdown of many businesses in countries in which we operate. While we continue to operate globally, the level of activity at each of our locations varies depending on the local governmental requirements and guidelines. Our office staff are effectively working in the office or remotely and our labs are fully operational with modifications made to ensure the safety of our employees. The diversion of resources to treat COVID-19 patients has significantly impacted the operations at most of the investigative sites where patients in our clinical trials are recruited and treated. This has resulted in reduced trial starts and slowed new business awards, each of which results in decreased revenues. Depending on the duration of the disruption, ongoing studies may be cancelled and some of our clients may lack the funding to complete trials which are extended due to slowed recruitment of patients. We work with many smaller clients with limited financial resources and market disruptions may make raising additional funds difficult for those clients. Travel restrictions and business closures have also impacted study participants and clinical sites which affects our ability to efficiently provide clinical trial services. As a result, we are working with our customers to develop solutions to limit disruption to clinical trials while following required regulatory guidelines and maintaining quality to ensure the health and well-being of study participants. These include alternative assessment methods such as virtual monitoring visits. The COVID-19 outbreak has already had a significant adverse effect on the first three quarters of fiscal 2020 and we believe that the outbreak will have a continued adverse impact on our results of operations in the future. In connection with this expected adverse impact, we have also evaluated our headcount needs in a number of geographies and implemented some staff reductions where appropriate. As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the pandemic, the future financial impact on our results of operations and financial condition cannot be reasonably estimated, but the impact will likely be material.

Exchange Rate Fluctuations

The majority of our contracts and operational transactions are U.S. dollar denominated. The Euro represents the largest foreign currency denomination of our contractual and operational exposure. As a result, a portion of our revenue and expenses are subject to exchange rate fluctuations. We have translated the Euro into U.S. dollars using the following average exchange rates based on data obtained from www.xe.com:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
U.S. Dollars per Euro:		1.17		1.11		1.12		1.12

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)	2020			2019			Change			% Change
Revenue, net	$	230,373		$	216,238		$	14,135			6.5	%
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		87,577			81,086			6,491			8.0	%
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		68,637			70,984			(2,347	)		(3.3	)%
Total direct costs		156,214			152,070			4,144			2.7	%
Selling, general and administrative		22,796			29,120			(6,324	)		(21.7	)%
Depreciation		2,991			2,062			929			45.1	%
Amortization		1,950			2,995			(1,045	)		(34.9	)%
Total operating expenses		183,951			186,247			(2,296	)		(1.2	)%
Income from operations		46,422			29,991			16,431
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		584			(273	)		857
Interest expense, net		(16	)		(253	)		237
Income before income taxes		46,990			29,465			17,525
Income tax provision		5,530			5,488			42
Net income	$	41,460		$	23,977		$	17,483

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
(Amounts in thousands, except percentages)	2020		2019			Change			% Change
Revenue, net	$	666,247	$	631,083		$	35,164			5.6	%
Direct service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization		262,997		235,522			27,475			11.7	%
Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses		207,376		212,563			(5,187	)		(2.4	)%
Total direct costs		470,373		448,085			22,288			5.0	%
Selling, general and administrative		69,775		73,984			(4,209	)		(5.7	)%
Depreciation		8,118		6,035			2,083			34.5	%
Amortization		5,927		11,834			(5,907	)		(49.9	)%
Total operating expenses		554,193		539,938			14,255			2.6	%
Income from operations		112,054		91,145			20,909
Miscellaneous income (expense), net		1,440		(574	)		2,014
Interest income (expense), net		336		(1,956	)		2,292
Income before income taxes		113,830		88,615			25,215
Income tax provision		19,312		17,985			1,327
Net income	$	94,518	$	70,630		$	23,888

Total revenue

Total revenue increased by $14.1 million to $230.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from $216.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Total revenue increased by $35.2 million to $666.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from $631.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by growth within the Oncology, Cardiology, AVAI and other uncategorized therapeutic areas.

Total direct costs

Total direct costs increased by $4.1 million to $156.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $152.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Total direct costs increased by $22.3 million to $470.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $448.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily attributed to higher personnel costs to support the growth in service activities, partially offset by lower reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses. The higher personnel costs portion, including severance, increased by $6.4 million and $25.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year. Reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses, which can fluctuate significantly from period to period based on the timing of program initiation and closeout, decreased $2.3 million and $5.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $6.3 million to $22.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $29.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $4.2 million to $69.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $74.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Personnel costs, net of severance, decreased by $5.1 million and $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in the prior year.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $0.1 million to $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $3.8 million to $14.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $17.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in depreciation and amortization was primarily related to the continued amortization of our definite lived intangible assets, which are amortized on an accelerated basis.

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Miscellaneous income (expense), net

Miscellaneous income (expense), net increased by $0.9 million to $0.6 million of income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $0.3 million of expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Miscellaneous income (expense), net increased by $2.0 million to $1.4 million of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $0.6 million of expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. These changes were mainly attributable to foreign exchange gains or losses that arise in connection with the revaluation of short-term intercompany balances between our domestic and international subsidiaries, gains or losses from foreign currency transactions, such as those resulting from the settlement of third-party accounts receivables and payables denominated in a currency other than the local currency of the entity making the payment.

Interest income (expense), net

Interest income (expense), net increased by $0.2 million of income to $0.0 million of expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $0.3 million of expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Interest income (expense), net increased by $2.3 million of income to $0.3 million of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $2.0 million of expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in interest income (expense), net was related to a lower average outstanding balance under our credit facility.

Income tax provision

Income tax provision was unchanged at $5.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The overall effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 11.8%, compared to an overall effective tax rate of 18.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to an increase in excess tax benefits recognized from share-based compensation compared to the same period in the prior year and an increase in tax benefits related to Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII).

Income tax provision increased by $1.3 million to $19.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The overall effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 17.0%, compared to an overall effective tax rate of 20.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in the income tax provision was primarily attributable to an increase in pre-tax book income, which was partially offset by an increase in excess tax benefits recognized from share-based compensation and an increase in tax benefits related to FDII. The decrease in the overall effective tax rate primarily relates to an increase in excess tax benefits recognized from share-based compensation and an increase in tax benefits related to FDII compared to the same period in the prior year.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. Our principal sources of liquidity are operating cash flows and funds available for borrowing under our unsecured credit facility consisting of up to a $50.0 million revolving line of credit which we entered into on September 30, 2019 (the “Credit Facility”). As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $219.2 million. Approximately $26.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, none of which was restricted, was held by our foreign subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020. On March 30, 2020, we extended the expiration date of the Credit Facility to March 31, 2021 and added provisions for alternative interest rates when certain interbank market offered rates are not available.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $49.8 million available for borrowing under the Credit Facility. Our expected primary cash needs on both a short and long-term basis are for investment in operational growth, capital expenditures, share repurchases, selective strategic bolt-on acquisitions, other investments, and other general corporate needs. We have historically funded our operations and growth with cash flow from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities. We expect to continue expanding our operations through organic growth and potentially highly selective bolt-on acquisitions and investments. We expect these activities will be funded from existing cash, cash flow from operations and, if necessary, borrowings under our existing or future credit facilities. We have deemed that foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested and therefore we have not provided taxes on these earnings. While we do not anticipate the need to repatriate these foreign earnings for liquidity purposes given our cash flows from operations and available borrowing under existing and future credit facilities, we would incur taxes on these earnings if the need for repatriation due to liquidity purposes arises.

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
Cash Flows (Amounts in thousands)	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	153,178		$	144,927
Net cash used in investing activities		(23,480	)		(13,414	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(42,074	)		(74,752	)
Effect of exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(317	)		(753	)
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	87,307		$	56,008

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Cash flows from operations are driven mainly by net income, net movement in accounts receivable and unbilled, net, and accounts payable. Accounts receivable and unbilled, net and advanced billings fluctuate on a regular basis as we perform our services, bill our customers and ultimately collect on those receivables. We attempt to negotiate payment terms in order to provide for payments prior to or soon after the provision of services, but this timing of collection can vary significantly on a period by period comparative basis.

Net cash flows provided by operating activities was $153.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 beginning with net income of $94.5 million. Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities were $41.1 million, primarily related to amortization of intangibles of $5.9 million, depreciation of $8.1 million, stock based compensation expense of $10.8 million, noncash lease expense of $10.0 million and deferred income tax provision of $6.9 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $17.6 million in operating cash flows and was primarily driven by decreased accounts receivable and unbilled, net of $21.4 million and increased advanced billings of $10.4 million, offset by increased prepaid expenses and other current assets of $9.8 million.

Net cash flows provided by operating activities was $144.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 beginning with net income of $70.6 million. Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities were $48.1 million, primarily related to amortization of intangibles of $11.8 million, depreciation of $6.0 million, stock based compensation expense of $18.0 million and noncash lease expense of $7.2 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $26.2 million in operating cash flows and was primarily driven by increased advanced billings of $21.9 million and increased accrued expenses of $15.4 million, offset by increased prepaid expenses and other current assets of $9.0 million.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $23.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily consisting of property and equipment expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities was $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily consisting of property and equipment expenditures.

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Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $42.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily related to $50.8 million in repurchases of common stock, offset by proceeds from stock options exercises of $8.8 million.

Net cash used in financing activities was $74.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily related to $80.4 million in principal payments on our Senior Secured Term Loan Facility, offset by proceeds from stock options exercises of $5.7 million.

Share Repurchases

Repurchases under the share repurchase program are executed in the open market or negotiated transactions under trading plans established pursuant to Rule 10b5-1. The Company constructively retires all repurchased shares with all amounts paid in excess of par value reflected within Retained earnings in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice.

Indebtedness

As of September 30, 2020, we had no indebtedness and $0.2 million in letters of credit outstanding related to certain operating lease obligations, which are secured by the Credit Facility. Refer to Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding our Credit Facility.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

We have various contractual obligations, which are recorded as liabilities in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Other items are not recognized as liabilities in our condensed consolidated financial statements but are required to be disclosed. There have been no material changes, outside of the ordinary course of business, to our contractual obligations as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Off-balance sheet arrangements refer to any transaction, agreement or other contractual arrangement to which an entity not consolidated under our entity structure exists, where we have an obligation arising under a guarantee contract, derivative instrument or variable interest or a retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to such an entity or similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support for such assets. We have no off-balance sheet arrangements currently.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, requires us to make a variety of decisions which affect reported amounts and related disclosures, including the selection of appropriate accounting principles and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, we apply judgment based on our understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances, including our historical experience and other assumptions. Actual results could differ from our estimates. We are committed to incorporating accounting principles, assumptions and estimates that promote the representational faithfulness, verifiability, neutrality and transparency of the accounting information included in the financial statements.

There have been no significant changes in the critical accounting policies and estimates as previously described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for management’s discussion of the effect of recent accounting pronouncements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Other than the negative impact the recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has had and will continue to have on our business and results of operations as discussed elsewhere in this report, there have been no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as compared to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the President and Chief Executive Officer (the Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (the Principal Financial Officer), has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d) -15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s forms and rules, and the material information relating to the Company is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that control objectives are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company will be detected. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by individuals, by collusion of two or more people or by management override. Over time, controls can become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance may deteriorate. Further, the design of any system of controls is based in part upon assumptions about the likelihood of future events. There can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in any cost-effective control system, misstatements due to errors or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In the ordinary course of business, we routinely enhance our information systems by either upgrading current systems or implementing new ones. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to legal proceedings incidental to our business. While the outcome of these matters could differ from management’s expectations, we do not believe that the resolution of these matters is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect to our financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s fiscal 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2019 Form 10-K”) in response to Item 1A of Part I of Form 10-K as amended and supplemented by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (“2020 Forms 10-Q”), except that we are adding the following modified risk factor discussion relating to coronavirus COVID-19, which should be read in conjunction with the risk factors discussed in our 2019 Form 10-K and 2020 Forms 10-Q. These risk factors could materially affect our business, financial position and results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

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The outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) is materially and adversely affecting our business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Date	Equity Plan	Number of Stock Options Exercised		Exercise Price		Approximate Aggregate Purchase Price
August 3, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		22	$	14.41	$	300
August 5, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		2,100		14.41		30,300
August 6, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		177		14.41		2,600
August 10, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		3,657		14.41		52,700
August 13, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		1,111		16.20		18,000
August 20, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		250		14.41		3,600
August 21, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		923		14.41		13,300
August 27, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		711		14.41		10,200
September 8, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		1,175		14.41		16,900
September 8, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		5,925		16.20		96,000
September 8, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		1,100		18.23		20,100
September 9, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		1,111		16.20		18,000
September 17, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		2,666		14.41		38,400
September 24, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		1,600		14.41		23,100
September 25, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		20,000		14.41		288,200
September 25, 2020	2014 Equity Incentive Plan		410		16.20		6,600
Total			42,938			$	638,300

All of the forgoing transactions involved issuances of securities to employees of the Company and are exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as transactions pursuant to benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation.

Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits in the accompanying Exhibit Index preceding the signature page are filed or furnished as a part of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit

Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing

Date

Filed/

Furnished

Herewith

31.1

Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2

Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32.1

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer

32.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith.

**	Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	MEDPACE HOLDINGS, INC.

	/s/ Jesse J. Geiger
	Jesse J. Geiger
	Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer, Laboratory Operations (Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

Date: October 27, 2020

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