Mega Matrix Corp. - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-13387

Mega Matrix Corp.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

3000 El Camino Real,

Bldg. 4, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA 94306

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 340-1888

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be fi led by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☒ No ☐

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2022, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (based upon the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock as of such date, as reported by the NYSE American Exchange) was $19.2 million. Shares of common stock held by the registrant’s officers and directors and beneficial owners of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock have been excluded from the calculation of this amount because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant; however, the treatment of these persons as affiliates of the registrant for purposes of this calculation is not, and shall not be considered, a determination as to whether any such person is an affiliate of the registrant for any other purpose.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 15, 2023 was 31,564,054.

Documents incorporated by reference: None.

CAUTIONARY LANGUAGE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Any statement in this report other than statements of historical fact may be a forward-looking statement for purposes of these provisions, including any statements of our plans and objectives for future operations, our future financial condition or economic performance (including known or anticipated trends), and the assumptions underlying or related to the foregoing. Statements that include the use of terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “potential,” “projected,” “intends,” “believes,” or “continue,” or the negative thereof, or other comparable terminology, are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements in this report include statements about the following matters, although this list is not exhaustive:

All of our forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected or assumed by such forward-looking statements. Among others, the factors that could cause such differences include: the ability to develop a new staking as a service business; acceptance by our customers using our staking as a service business model; the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or any other public health emergencies; our ability to raise debt or equity financing when needed on acceptable terms and in desired amounts, or at all; any noncompliance by our customers, including payment obligations; any economic downturn or other financial crisis; any inability to compete effectively with our better capitalized competitors; limited trading volume in our stock; potential changes in the legislative and regulatory environment; the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could affect our ability to continue successful development of our digital assets staking business model; the possibility that we may not succeed in developing its new lines of businesses due to, among other things, changes in the business environment, competition, changes in regulation, or other economic and policy factors; and the possibility that the Company’s new lines of business may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors. In addition, we operate in a competitive and evolving industry in which new risks emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of the risks it may face, nor can it assess the impact of all factors on its business or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors could cause actual results to differ from expectations. As a result of these and other potential risks and uncertainties, our forward-looking statements should not be relied on or viewed as predictions of future events.

This cautionary statement should be read as qualifying all forward-looking statements included in this report, wherever they appear. We urge you to consider the limitations on, and risks associated with, forward-looking statements and not unduly rely on the accuracy of forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements and descriptions of risks included in this report are made as of the date hereof based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and except as required by applicable law, we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statement or risk for any reason. You should, however, consult the risks and other disclosures described in the reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this report for updated information.

Use of Certain Defined Terms

On March 25, 2022, the Company changed its name from “AeroCentury Corp” to “Mega Matrix Corp.” All references to the “Company,” or “AeroCentury” refers to AeroCentury Corp. together with its consolidated subsidiaries prior to March 25, 2022 and renamed “Mega Matrix Corp.” commencing on March 25, 2022.

Except where the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only, references to:

Discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

This annual report on Form 10-K includes our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1.  Business.

Overview

We are a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1997. Through our emergence from bankruptcy on September 30, 2021, and new investors and management, we became a holding company located in Palo Alto, California, with the following subsidiaries: Mega Metaverse Corp., a California corporation, JetFleet Management Corp, a California corporation and formerly known as JetFleet Holding Corporation, Saving Digital Pte. Ltd., a Singapore corporation, and Marsprotocol, Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company.

Previously, we have historically provided leasing and financing services to regional airlines worldwide and have been principally engaged in leasing mid-life regional aircraft to customers worldwide under operating leases and finance leases. In addition to leasing activities, we have also sold aircraft from our operating lease portfolio to third parties, including other leasing companies, financial services companies, and airlines. Our operating performance was driven by the composition of its aircraft portfolio, the terms of its leases, and the interest rate of its debt, as well as asset sales. 

Through Saving Digital Pte. Ltd, our wholly-owned subsidiary, we are currently engaged in solo-staking and provide proof-of-stake technology tools in Singapore for the Ethereum network. To a lesser extent, we are engaged in the provision of aircraft advisory and management services since September 30, 2021. We are currently exploring other crypto-related business models outside of the United States.

Recent Developments

On October 20, 2021, we set up Mega Metaverse Corp. (“Mega”), a wholly owned subsidiary incorporated in California. In December 2021, we launched our NFT business in the metaverse ecosystem through Mega, and released our first NFT game “Mano” on March 25, 2022. Due to regulatory challenges, the Company decided to suspend the Mano game and the alSpace platform, and on November 4, 2022, we discontinued the Mano game and the alSpace platform.

On January 1, 2022, JetFleet Management Corp. (“JMC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of JetfFleet Holding Corporation (“JHC”), was merged with and into JHC, with JHC being the surviving entity. As part of the merger, JHC changed its name to JetFleet Management Corp (“Jetfleet”).

Effective March 25, 2022, we changed our name from Aerocentury Corp. to Mega Matrix Corp. (the “Name Change”) to better reflect our expansion into Metaverse and the NFT gaming business. In connection with the Name Change, we changed our ticker symbol from “ACY” to “MTMT” on the NYSE American Exchange, which became effective on March 28, 2022.

On August 31, 2022, we acquired all of the equity interest in Saving Digital Pte, Ltd., a Singapore corporation (“SDP”) with no operations and approximately $3,800 in cash, from our chairman Yucheng Hu for a nominal consideration of $10,000.

On December 7, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”) related to a proposed merger transaction with MarsProtocol Inc., an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our wholly-owned subsidiary  (“MTMT Cayman”) for the purpose of redomiciling the corporation from Delaware to the Cayman Islands. The Merger Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, we will merge with and into MTMT Cayman (the “Redomicile Merger”), with MTMT Cayman being the surviving company in the Redomicile Merger. Following the Redomicile Merger, MTMT Cayman, together with its subsidiaries, will own and continue to conduct our business in substantially the same manner as is currently being conducted by us and our subsidiaries. The Merger Agreement contains customary closing conditions, including, among others, approval of the Redomicile Merger by our stockholders, the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form F-4 filed by MTMT Cayman related to the Redomicile Merger and receipt of required regulatory approvals. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) may exercise its discretion to terminate the Merger Agreement, and therefore abandon the Redomicile Merger, at any time prior to the effective time, including after the adoption of the Merger Agreement by the Company’s stockholders. As of the date of this report, the Merger Agreement has not been adopted by our stockholders and we have not yet set a date for a special meeting of stockholders seeking such approval.

Effective February 6, 2023, we changed our ticker symbol from “MTMT” to “MPU” on the NYSE American Exchange to more closely align with our MarsProtocol brand for our digital assets staking business.

On March 1, 2023, in connection with a newly formed joint venture, SDP and Bit Digital Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“Bit Digital”) entered into a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”) with Marsprotocol Technologies Pte. Ltd. (the “JV Company”), to provide staking technology tools in digital assets through the staking platform “MarsProtocol,” an individual and institutional grade designed staking platform (the “Joint Venture”). Pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement, SDP will own 60% and Bit Digital will own 40% of the JV Company.

Business of the Company

Through SDP, we are engaged in solo-staking and as a provider proof-of-stake technology tools in Singapore for the Ethereum network, and we plan to continue exploring other crypto-related business models outside of the United States. In addition, to a lesser extent, we are engaged in the provision of aircraft advisory and management services since September 30, 2021 through JetFleet. 

On September 19, 2022, SDP purchased 37 Ether (ETH) for the purpose of exploring Ethereum staking opportunities following the transition by Ethereum on September 15, 2022 from proof-of-work (PoW) to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism referred to as the “Merge.” Prior to the Merge, Ethereum utilized a PoW validation method for digital asset transactions. Following the Merge, Ethereum shifted to a PoS validation system where validators stake their ETH into a smart contract on Ethereum to serve as collateral that can be destroyed if the validator behaves dishonestly or lazily. The validator (selected randomly) is then responsible for processing the blockchain transactions, storing data and adding new blocks to the blockchain. Validators receives a transaction fee on their staked coins in ETH as a reward for their active participation in the network. To become a validator on Ethereum, a participant must stake 32 ETH. Till quarter ending December 31, 2022, SDP explored Solo-Staking by staking 160 ETH to become five (5) validators to Ethereum to earn ETH rewards and yield. Solo-Staking enables SDP to utilize its ETH treasury to stake on the Ethereum beacon chain and to earn ETH-denominated rewards directly from the Ethereum protocol.

Through MarsProtocol, the Joint Venture will seek to provide non-custodial staking tools whereby users’ private keys are not stored in its database to ensure the safety of its users’ digital assets. As of the date of this report, such services will not be available to U.S. residents.

The following diagram summarizes our MarsProtocol StaaS Platform:

The Joint Venture will provide our customers with a right-of-way to access our MarsProtocol platform after they have completed the registration process and the know-your-customer (KYC) verification process. Once registered, the customer can connect their third-party trusted wallet with the nodes to stake their ETH on the Ethereum beacon chain to earn ETH-denominated rewards directly from the Ethereum protocol. Customers can review their transactions and rewards each node produces through the asset dashboard. The Joint Venture or the Marsprotocol platform will not have any access to the Customer’s digital wallet. All decisions to stake will be made by the customer.  

Our belief that the ETH and other digital assets that we hold are not securities based on a risk assessment and not a legal standard nor binding on the SEC or any other regulators. If USDC, USDT, or ETH are deemed to be securities under the laws of any U.S. federal, state, or foreign jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences for such digital asset. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to our Business –   A particular digital asset’s status, such as an ETH, as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and if a regulator disagrees with our characterization of the ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies, we may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigation, fines and penalties, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. A determination that an ETH or stable cryptocurrencies is a “security” may adversely affect the value of those ETH, stable cryptocurrencies and our business.”

Competition 

Staking as a Services (StaaS) providers offer a convenient and accessible way for users to stake their ETH without having to go through the technical process of running their own staking nodes. These providers typically charge a fee for their services, which can vary depending on the provider and the level of service offered.

The market for Ethereum StaaS is relatively new, but it is already competitive, with several providers vying for market share. Some of the larger competitors in this space include Coinbase, Binance, Kraken, and Bitfinex, which may have better established names, have a broader range of crypto related services, and have larger capital resources.

Competition in the StaaS market is primarily driven by factors such as the fee structure, reliability and uptime of the staking nodes, the user interface and user experience of the platform, and the level of customer support provided. Providers may also differentiate themselves by offering additional features such as staking pools, which allow users to pool their Ethereum with other stakers to increase their chances of earning rewards.

As the Ethereum network continues to evolve and attract more users, it is likely that the StaaS market will become even more competitive, with new providers entering the market and existing providers expanding their offerings to stay ahead of the competition.

Ethereum Rewards

From the inception of our solo-staking business in October 2022 through December 31, 2022, we earned an aggregate of 1.5 ETH  as rewards.

The following table presents our ETH activities for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In addition, through our 51.0% ownership in JetFleet as of December 31, 2022, we will continue to focus on third-party management service contracts for aircraft operations. We believe that as passive investor interest in aircraft assets has increased, there has been increasing demand from aircraft investors for professional third-party aircraft leasing and portfolio management. We intend to take advantage of our reputation, experience and expertise in this aircraft management area. JetFleet conducts all of its operations from its office located at 1818 Gilbreth Rd., Suite 243, Burlingame, California, United States.

Bankruptcy

The Company and its then subsidiaries, JHC and JMC (collectively, the “Debtors”), filed on March 29, 2021, a voluntary petition for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. The filing was made in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) Case No. 21-10636 (the “Chapter 11 Case”). The Company also filed motions with the Bankruptcy Court seeking authorization to continue to operate our business as “debtor-in-possession” under the jurisdiction of the Bankruptcy Court and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and orders of the Bankruptcy Court.

On August 16, 2021, in the Bankruptcy Court, the Debtors filed unexecuted drafts of its Plan Sponsor Agreement to be entered into between us, Yucheng Hu, TongTong Ma, Qiang Zhang, Yanhua Li, Yiyi Huang, Hao Yang, Jing Li, Yeh Cheng and Yu Wang, and identifying such individuals, collectively, as “Plan Sponsors” (the “Plan Sponsor Agreement”), and related agreements and documents required thereunder (collectively, with the Plan Sponsor Agreement, the “Plan Sponsor Documents”). The Plan Sponsor Documents were intended to cover the transactions contemplated by an investment term sheet entered into with Yucheng Hu and are part of the Debtors’ plan of reorganization as reflected in the Combined Disclosure Statement and Plan filed with the Bankruptcy Court as amended and supplemented from time to time (the “Plan”). On August 31, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order, Docket No. 0296 (the “Confirmation Order”), confirming the Plan as set forth in the Combined Plan Statement and Plan Supplement.

On September 30, 2021 and pursuant to the Plan Sponsor Agreement, the Company entered into and consummated the transactions contemplated by a Securities Purchase Agreement with the Plan Sponsor, and Yucheng Hu, in the capacity as the representative for the Plan Sponsor thereunder, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, and the Plan Sponsor purchased, 14,354,635 (adjusted for the Forward Stock Split) shares of our common stock at $0.77 (adjusted for the Forward Stock Split) for each share of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11,053,069.

Also on September 30, 2021, and pursuant to the Plan Sponsor Agreement, the Company entered into and consummated the transactions contemplated by a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “JHC Series A Agreement”) with JHC, pursuant to which JHC issued and sold, and the Company purchased, 104,082 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, no par value, at $19.2156 per share of JHC Series A Preferred Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $2 million.

Each share of JHC Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to one (1) vote on any matter that is submitted to a vote or for the consent of the shareholders of JHC. The JHC Series A Preferred Stock provides the Company with 74.83% voting control over JHC immediately following its issuance.

On January 1, 2022, JMC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of JHC, was merged with and into JHC, with JHC being the surviving entity. As part of the merger, JHC changed its name to JetFleet Management Corp.

Change In Control

As a condition to the closing of the Securities Purchase Agreement, Michael G. Magnusson resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer; Harold M. Lyons resigned as Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Senior Vice President, Finance and Secretary; and Michael G. Magnusson, Toni M. Perazzo, Roy E. Hahn, Evan M. Wallach and David P. Wilson resigned as directors of the Company effective October 1, 2021. In connection with the resignations, effective as on October 1, 2021, Yucheng Hu, Florence Ng, Jianan Jiang, Qin Yao and Siyuan Zhu (the “Incoming Directors”) were appointed to serve as members on our Board of Directors. The Incoming Directors were designated by the Plan Sponsor pursuant to the Plan Sponsor Agreement to hold office until our next annual meeting. The Incoming Directors appointed Mr. Hu to serve as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; Ms. Ng to serve as Vice President of Operations; and Qin (Carol) Wang to serve as its Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer the Company.

Government Regulation

Related to our StaaS Business

U.S Government Regulations

Government regulation of blockchain and digital assets is being actively considered by the United States federal government via a number of agencies and regulatory bodies, as well as similar entities in other countries. State government regulations also may apply to our activities and other activities in which we participate or may participate in the future. Other regulatory bodies are governmental or semi-governmental and have shown an interest in regulating or investigating companies engaged in the blockchain or cryptocurrency business.

Digital assets are assets issued and transferred using distributed ledger or blockchain technology. They are often referred to as crypto assets, cryptocurrency, or digital tokens, among other terminology. Digital assets can be securities, currencies, properties, or commodities, and depending on their characteristics, participants of digital assets must adhere to applicable laws and regulations. For example, the SEC treats some digital assets as “securities,” the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) treats some digital assets as “commodities,” and the Internal Revenue Service treats some digital assets as “property.” State regulators oversee digital assets through state money transfer laws, and the Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) monitors digital assets for anti-money laundering purposes.

Businesses that are engaged in the transmission and custody of digital assets that is not a security (“non-security digital assets”) such as Bitcoin and ETH, including brokers and custodians, can be subject to U.S. Treasury Department regulations as money services businesses as well as state money transmitter licensing requirements. Non-security digital assets are subject to anti-fraud regulations under federal and state commodity laws, and digital asset derivative instruments are substantively regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Certain jurisdictions, including, among others, New York and a number of countries outside the United States, have developed regulatory requirements specifically for digital assets and companies that transact in them.

In addition, since transactions in non-security digital assets such as Bitcoin and ETH provide a reasonable degree of pseudo anonymity, they are susceptible to misuse for criminal activities, such as money laundering. This misuse, or the perception of such misuse (even if untrue), could lead to greater regulatory oversight of non-security digital asset platforms, and there is the possibility that law enforcement agencies could close such platforms or other related infrastructure with little or no notice and prevent users from accessing or retrieving non-security digital assets via such platforms or infrastructure. For example, in her January 2021 nomination hearing before the Senate Finance Committee, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen noted that cryptocurrencies have the potential to improve the efficiency of the financial system but that they can be used to finance terrorism, facilitate money laundering, and support malign activities that threaten U.S. national security interests and the integrity of the U.S. and international financial systems. Accordingly, Secretary Yellen expressed her view that federal regulators needed to look closely at how to encourage the use of cryptocurrencies for legitimate activities while curtailing their use for malign and illegal activities. Furthermore, in December 2020, FinCEN proposed a new set of rules for cryptocurrency-based exchanges aimed at reducing the use of cryptocurrencies for money laundering. These proposed rules would require filing reports with FinCEN regarding cryptocurrency transactions in excess of $10,000 and also impose record-keeping requirements for cryptocurrency transactions in excess of $3,000 involving users who manage their own private keys. In January 2021, the Biden Administration issued a memorandum freezing federal rulemaking, including these proposed FinCEN rules, to provide additional time for the Biden Administration to review the rulemaking that had been proposed by the Trump Administration. As a result, it remains unclear whether these proposed rules will take effect.

Digital assets that meet the definition of a “security” under the federal securities laws (“digital assets security”) are regulated by federal securities regulations such as the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Company Act of 1940, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

In addition, businesses that provides a trading platform or exchanges for digital assets that are deemed securities may be required to register with the SEC as a national securities exchange unless an exemption is available. However, if such platform offers trading in digital assets that are not securities, it may have to register as a money-transmission service (MTS) instead of a SEC-regulated national securities exchange. MTSs are money transfer or payment operations that are mainly subject to state regulations, rather than federal regulations but may have to register with FinCEN and face certain reporting requirements.

All of the Company solo-staking and StaaS activities are conducted in Singapore, and the Company does not currently intend to make StaaS available to U.S. residents. In addition, the Company does not consider its holdings of ETH and other digital assets as securities based on a risk assessment, but this is not a legally binding standard recognized by the SEC or other regulators. If USDC, USDT, or ETH are deemed to be securities under the laws of any U.S. federal, state, or foreign jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences for such digital asset. For additional discussion regarding our belief about the potential risks existing and future regulation pose to our business, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this report.

Singapore Government Regulations

Singapore has a robust regulatory framework for financial services, which is overseen by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (“MAS”). The MAS is responsible for ensuring that the financial services industry operates in a safe and sound manner and maintains the stability of the financial system.

In Singapore, based on legal advice received from local counsel, ETH is considered a digital payment token (“DPT”) and regulated under the Payment Services Act 2019 (“PSA”). Currently, the PSA regulates services dealing in DPTs or facilitating the exchange of DPTs. The StaaS business is not considered a regulated activity under the PSA, as it does not involve buying or selling of DPTs or facilitating the exchange of DPTs.

However, the Payment Services (Amendment) Act 2021 (PSAA21) has been passed by Singapore’s parliament and may expand the scope of regulation for DPT services in the future, although it has not yet come into effect.

In terms of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements, financial institutions in Singapore are required to implement robust measures to prevent money laundering and financing of terrorism. This includes conducting customer due diligence, ongoing monitoring of transactions, and reporting of suspicious transactions to the relevant authorities. The MAS works closely with financial institutions to ensure compliance with AML and KYC requirements, and has the power to impose penalties for non-compliance. As the StaaS business is currently not considered a regulated activity under the PSA, these specific requirements for licensed institutions do not apply to SDP apart from the general duty to report suspicious transactions. However, the regulatory landscape may change with the introduction of the PSAA21 and future amendments.

Related to our Aircraft Management Service

JHC is subject to compliance with federal, state and local government regulations. As a company engaged in international trade, these regulations include the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and various export control, money laundering, and anti-terrorism laws and regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Department of Treasury.

Intellectual Property

The protection of our technology and intellectual property is an important aspect of our business. We currently rely upon a combination of trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, nondisclosure contractual commitments, and other legal rights to establish and protect our intellectual property.

As of December 31, 2022, we held one (1) registered trademark and six (6) pending trademark applications in the United States and two (2) in Singapore. We will evaluate our development efforts to assess the existence and patentability of new intellectual property. To the extent that it is feasible, we will file new patent applications with respect to our technology and trademark applications with respect to our brands.

Human Capital Resources  

As of March 15, 2023, we had 4 full-time employees, including CEO, CFO, COO and CMO in Singapore. None of our employees are represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Corporate Office

Our headquarters are located at 3000 El Camino Real, Bldg. 4, Suite 200, Palo Alto, CA. Our main telephone number is (650) 340-1888.

Other Information

Our website is located at: https://www.megamatrix.io/. We make available on our website our reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Other than the information expressly set forth in this annual report, the information contained, or referred to, on our website is not part of this annual report. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

An investment in our common stock involves risks. Prior to making a decision about investing in our common stock, you should consider carefully the risks together with all of the other information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and in our subsequent filings with the SEC. Each of the referenced risks and uncertainties could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities. Additional risks not known to us or that we believe are immaterial may also adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition and the value of an investment in our securities.

Risks Related to our Business

A particular digital asset’s status, such as an ETH, as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and if a regulator disagrees with our characterization of the ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies , we may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigation, fines and penalties, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. A determination that an ETH or stable cryptocurrencies is a “security” may adversely affect the value of those ETH, stable cryptocurrencies and the Company’s business.

The SEC and its staff have taken the position that certain digital assets may fall within the definition of a “security” under U.S. federal securities laws. The legal test for determining whether any given digital asset is a security is a highly complex, fact-driven analysis that may evolve over time, and the outcome is difficult to predict. The Company’s determination that ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies that the Company holds are not securities is a risk-based assessment and not a legal standard or one binding on regulators. The SEC generally does not provide advance guidance or confirmation on the status of any particular digital asset as a security. Furthermore, the SEC’s views in this area have evolved over time and it is difficult to predict the direction or timing of any continuing evolution. It is also possible that a change in the governing administration or the appointment of new SEC commissioners could substantially impact the views of the SEC and its staff. For example, Chair Gary Gensler has repeatedly remarked on the need for further regulatory oversight on crypto assets, crypto trading, and lending platforms by the SEC. Public statements made in the past by senior officials at the SEC have indicated that the SEC does not intend to take the position that Bitcoin or Ethereum are securities (in their current form). In May 2022, the Chair of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), Rostin Behnam, stated that Bitcoin and Ethereum are commodities. However, in June 2022, Mr. Gensler suggested that Bitcoin is a commodity but did not opine on the status of other crypto assets. In September 2022, Mr. Gensler suggested that he believes a vast majority of cryptocurrencies are securities. However, in March 2023, Mr. Behnam contradicted Mr. Gensler’s position by stating his opinion in front of the Senate Agricultural Committee that Ethereum is a commodity. Such statements by officials at the CFTC and SEC are not official policy statements by these agencies and reflect only the speakers’ views, which are not binding on any agency or court and cannot be generalized to any other crypto asset.

The classification of a digital asset as a security under applicable law has wide-ranging implications for the regulatory obligations that flow from the offer, sale, trading, and clearing of such assets. For example, a digital asset that is a security may generally only be offered or sold pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC or in an offering that qualifies for an exemption from registration. Persons that effect transactions in digital assets that are securities may be subject to registration with the SEC as a “broker” or “dealer.” Platforms that bring together purchasers and sellers to trade digital assets that are securities are generally subject to registration as national securities exchanges, or must qualify for an exemption, such as by being operated by a registered broker-dealer as an alternative trading system (“ATS”), in compliance with rules for ATSs. Persons facilitating clearing and settlement of securities may be subject to registration with the SEC as a clearing agency.

In addition, several foreign jurisdictions have taken a broad-based approach to classifying crypto assets as “securities,” while other foreign jurisdictions, such as Switzerland, Malta, and Singapore, have adopted a narrower approach. As a result, certain crypto assets may be deemed to be a “security” under the laws of some jurisdictions but not others. Various foreign jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt additional laws, regulations, or directives that affect the characterization of crypto assets as “securities.” 

The Company analyzes whether the ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies that it holds could be deemed to be a “security” under applicable laws. The Company analysis does not constitute a legal standard, but rather represent  its management’s assessment regarding the likelihood that a particular digital asset could be deemed a “security” under applicable laws. Regardless of the Company’s conclusions, the Company could be subject to legal or regulatory action in the event the SEC or a court were to determine that ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies that it hold may be deemed a “security” under applicable laws.

There can be no assurances that the Company will properly characterize any given digital asset as a security or non-security or that the SEC, or a court, if the question was presented to it, would agree with our assessment. The Company could be subject to judicial or administrative sanctions for failing to offer or sell digital assets in compliance with the registration requirements, or for acting as a broker or dealer without appropriate registration. Such an action could result in injunctions, cease and desist orders, as well as civil monetary penalties, fines, and disgorgement, criminal liability, and reputational harm. For instance, all transactions in such supported digital asset would have to be registered with the SEC, or conducted in accordance with an exemption from registration, which could severely limit its liquidity, usability and transactability. Further, it could draw negative publicity and a decline in the general acceptance of the digital asset. Also, it may make it difficult for such digital asset to be traded, cleared, and custodied as compared to other digital assets that are not considered to be securities. Due to regulatory challenges, the Company has discontinued the Mano game and the alSpace platform on November 3, 2022. The Company is currently engaging in Solo-Staking in Singapore through SDP and provider of staking technology through the JV Company. Both of these staking activities are conducted in Singapore and StaaS will currently not be made available to U.S. residents. In addition, the Company plans to continue exploring other crypto-related business models outside of the United States.

The Company plans to continue to explore other opportunities in the crypto-related business to expand our business model.

Due to regulatory challenges, on November 3, 2022, we have decided to discontinue the Mano game and the alSpace platform. The Company is currently engaging in solo-staking through SDP and a provider of staking technology through the JV Company. Both of these staking activities are conducted in Singapore and StaaS will currently not be made available to U.S. residents. In addition, the Company plans to continue exploring and developing other opportunities in the crypto-related business. However, the Company may not be successful in identifying a new crypto-related business model that is acceptable to the Company, which will adversely affect the Company’s business objective. 

Expansion of the Company’s operations into new products, services and technologies, including content categories, is inherently risky and may subject it to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks.

Historically, the Company’s operations have been focused on third-party management service contracts for aircraft operations. Further expansion of the Company’s operations and its marketplace into additional products and services, such as crypto-related businesses involve numerous risks and challenges, including potential new competition, increased capital requirements and increased marketing spent to achieve customer awareness of these new products and services. Growth into additional content, product and service areas may require changes to the Company’s existing business model and cost structure and modifications to its infrastructure and may expose the Company to new regulatory and legal risks, any of which may require expertise in areas in which the Company has little or no experience. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to generate sufficient revenue from sales of such products and services to offset the costs of developing, acquiring, managing and monetizing such products and services and the Company’s business may be adversely affected.

If the Company cannot continue to innovate technologically or develop, market and sell new products and services, or enhance existing technology and products and services to meet customer requirements, the Company’s ability to grow our revenue could be impaired.

The Company’s growth largely depends on its ability to innovate and add value to its existing creative platform and to provide its customers and contributors with a scalable, high-performing technology infrastructure that can efficiently and reliably handle increased customer and contributor usage globally, as well as the deployment of new features. For example, PoS business require additional capital and resources. Without improvements to the Company’s technology and infrastructure, our operations might suffer from unanticipated system disruptions, slow performance or unreliable service levels, any of which could negatively affect its reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and contributors. The Company is currently making, and plan to continue making, significant investments to maintain and enhance the technology and infrastructure and to evolve our information processes and computer systems in order to run our business more efficiently and remain competitive. The Company may not achieve the anticipated benefits, significant growth or increased market share from these investments for several years, if at all. If the Company is unable to manage its investments successfully or in a cost-efficient manner, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We rely on systems and services provided by third parties, primarily by Amazon Web Services(AMS), and any failures, errors, defects or disruptions in these systems or services could diminish our brand and reputation, subject us to liability, disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results and growth prospects. The third-party platforms upon which these systems and software are made available could contain undetected errors.

Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our services and to user satisfaction. We rely on Amazon Web Services(AWS) to provide cloud servers. However, the systems provided by AWS, on which we rely, may not be adequately designed with the necessary reliability and redundancy to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our business. We cannot assure you that the measures we take, in connection with providing proof-of-stake technology tools, to prevent or hinder cyber-attacks and protect our systems, data and user information and to prevent outages, data or information loss, fraud and to prevent or detect security breaches, including a disaster recovery strategy for server and equipment failure and back-office systems and the use of third parties for certain cybersecurity services, will provide absolute security. As our StaaS platform is new, we may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors and capacity constraints. Such disruptions including, but not limited to, unauthorized access to, fraudulent manipulation of, or tampering with our computer systems and technological infrastructure, or those of third parties, could result in a wide range of negative outcomes, each of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, our platform or software provided by Tbit Global Limited, may contain errors, bugs, flaws or corrupted data, and these defects may only become apparent after their launch. Furthermore, programming errors, defects and data corruption could disrupt our operations, adversely affect the experience of our users, harm our reputation, cause our users to stop utilizing our services, divert our resources and delay market acceptance of our services, any of which could result in legal liability to us or harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We believe that if our users have a negative experience with our staking service, or if our brand or reputation is negatively affected, users may be less inclined to continue or resume utilizing our StaaS platform or to recommend our services to other potential users. As such, a failure or significant interruption in our service could harm our reputation, business and operating results.

Information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions.

We receive, process, store and use personal information and other customer data. There are numerous federal, state and local laws regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information and other data. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to customers or other third parties, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other player data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could cause our customers to lose trust in us which could have an adverse impact on our business. The costs of compliance with these types of laws may increase in the future as a result of changes in interpretation or changes in law. Any failure on our part to comply with these types of laws may subject us to significant liabilities.

Third parties we work with may violate applicable laws or our policies, and such violations may also put our customers’ information at risk and could in turn have an adverse impact on our business. We will also be subject to payment card association rules and obligations under each association’s contracts with payment card processors. Under these rules and obligations, if information is compromised, we could be liable to payment card issuers for the associated expense and penalties. If we fail to follow payment card industry security standards, even if no customer information is compromised, we could incur significant fines or experience a significant increase in payment card transaction costs.

Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have become more prevalent. Any security breach caused by hacking which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, and the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses could harm our business. Though it is difficult to determine what harm may directly result from any specific interruption or breach, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our network infrastructure to the satisfaction of our players may harm our reputation and our ability to retain existing players and attract new players.

Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.

We are subject to risks related to holding cryptocurrencies and accepting cryptocurrencies as a form of payment.

We accept Bitcoin, ETH or other cryptocurrencies from our customers as a form of payment for our staking services.

Cryptocurrencies are not considered legal tender or backed by any government and have experienced price volatility, technological glitches and various law enforcement and regulatory interventions. The use of cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin has been prohibited or effectively prohibited in some countries. If we fail to comply with any such prohibitions that may be applicable to us, we could face regulatory or other enforcement actions and potential fines and other consequences.

Cryptocurrencies have in the past and may in the future experience periods of extreme volatility. Fluctuations in the value of any cryptocurrencies that we hold may also lead to fluctuations in the value of our common stock. In addition, there is substantial uncertainty regarding the future legal and regulatory requirements relating to cryptocurrency or transactions utilizing cryptocurrency. For instance, governments may in the near future curtail or outlaw the acquisition, use or redemption of cryptocurrencies. In such case, ownership of, holding or trading in cryptocurrencies may then be considered illegal and subject to sanction. These uncertainties, as well as future accounting and tax developments, or other requirements relating to cryptocurrency, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The value of stablecoins that we hold may be subject to volatility and risk of loss.

As of December 31, 2022, we held approximately $2.97 million in USDC issued by Circle Internet Financial Public Limited Company (“Circle”) and $0.09 million in USDT issued by Tether Limited Inc. (“Tether”). Stablecoins such as USDC are usually backed by the U.S. Dollar and other short-dated U.S. government obligations, and are usually pegged to the U.S. dollar. On March 9, 2023, as a result of the closure of Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”), Circle announced that $3.3 billion of its roughly $40 billion USDC reserves were held at SVB. As a result, Circle depegged the USDC from its $1.00 peg, trading as low as $0.87. This risk may result in the sell-off of USDC and volatility as to the value of stablecoins, which would expose us to risk of potential loss and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise new funding and on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects.  

We cannot be certain that our StaaS platform and staking services will maintain regulatory approval, and without regulatory approval we may not be able to market and grow our business around the world.

Our StaaS platform and staking services are located in Singapore and are currently not subject to any licensing requirements in Singapore. However, future changes to Singapore’s PSA may introduce new licensing requirements. Any license, permit, approval or finding of suitability may not be granted, granted with delay, revoked, suspended or conditioned at any time. We may be unable to obtain or maintain all necessary registrations, licenses, permits or approvals, and could incur fines or experience delays related to the licensing process which could adversely affect our operations. The regulators in Singapore may refuse to issue or renew a registration or impose conditions which may adversely affect our StaaS business.

While we do not believe that we are required to obtain any license or permit in the United States and/or other jurisdictions, we currently plan to limit our Marsprotocol platform to non-U.S. residents. If it is determined that a license, permit or approval is required in a jurisdiction in which we do not have any license to operate, we will need to obtain such license, permit or approval, or block access from such jurisdiction through IP address filtering. Violations of laws in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action and/or fines. Licenses, approvals or findings of suitability may be revoked, suspended or conditioned. In sum, we may not be able to obtain or maintain all necessary registrations, licenses, permits or approvals. The licensing process may result in delays or adversely affect our operations, and our efforts to comply with any new licensing regulations will increase our costs.

We are subject to various laws relating to foreign corrupt practices, the violation of which could adversely affect its operations, reputation, business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to risks associated with doing business outside of the United States, including exposure to complex foreign and U.S. regulations such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws which generally prohibit U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal and civil sanctions and other penalties. It may be difficult to oversee the conduct of any contractors, third-party partners, representatives or agents who are not our employees, potentially exposing us to greater risk from their actions. If our employees or agents fail to comply with applicable laws or company policies governing our international operations, we may face legal proceedings and actions which could result in civil penalties, administration actions and criminal sanctions. Any determination that we have violated any anti-corruption laws could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Violations of these laws and regulations could result in significant fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees. Additionally, any such violations could materially damage our reputation, brand, international expansion efforts, ability to attract and retain employees and our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

Historically, we have dealt with significant amounts of cash in our operations, which have subjected us to various reporting and anti-money laundering regulations. Any violation of anti-money laundering laws or regulations by us could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Risks Related to Ethereum

Risks Associated with Staking on Ethereum 2.0.

The Company has deposited ETH to the Ethereum beacon chain with a view to earning an ETH-denominated return thereon. By running a validator node, the Company will be exposed to the risk of loss of its staked ETH if it fails to operate the node in accordance with applicable protocol rules, as the Company’s digital assets may be “slashed” or inactivity penalties may be applied if the validator node “double signs” or is offline for a prescribed period of time. The Company intends to mitigate this risk by monitoring the staking activities.

Speculative and Volatile Nature of ETH.

To date, the Company has deployed a small portion of its  capital into ETH. The price of ETH is subject to significant volatility. In addition, there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to sell its ETH at prices quoted on various cryptocurrency trading platforms or at all if it determines to do so. In addition, the supply of ETH is currently controlled by the source code of the Ethereum platform, and there is a risk that the developers of the code and the participants in the Ethereum network could develop and/or adopt new versions of the Ethereum software that significantly increase the supply of ETH   in circulation, negatively impacting the trading price of ETH. Any significant decrease in the price of ETH  may materially and adversely affect the value of the Company’s securities and, in turn, the Company’s business and financial condition.

The ETH markets are sensitive to new developments, and since volumes are still maturing, any significant changes in market sentiment (by way of sensationalism in the media or otherwise) can induce large swings in volume and subsequent price changes. Such volatility can adversely affect the business and financial condition of the Company.

Momentum pricing typically is associated with growth stocks and other assets whose valuation, as determined by the public, accounts for anticipated future appreciation in value. The Company believes that momentum pricing of ETH has resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding future appreciation in the value of ETH, inflating and making more volatile the value of ETH. As a result, ETH may be more likely to fluctuate in value due to changing investor confidence in future appreciation, which could adversely affect the business and financial condition of the Company.

Underlying Value Risk.

ETH represents a new form of digital value that is still being digested by society. Its underlying value is driven by its utility as a store of value, means of exchange, and unit of account, and notably, the demand for ETH within various use cases of the Ethereum network. Just as oil is priced by the supply and demand of global markets, as a function of its utility to, for instance, power machines and create plastics, so too is ETH priced by the supply and demand of global markets for its own utility within Ethereum’s use cases.

Development of the Ethereum Platform.

The Ethereum platform is an open-source project being developed by a network of software developers, including Vitalik Buterin, a founder of Ethereum. Mr. Buterin or another key participant within the core development group could cease to be involved with the Ethereum platform. Factions could form within the Ethereum community, resulting in different and competing versions of Ethereum being adopted by network participants. Furthermore, network participants running the Ethereum software may choose not to update their versions of the software, resulting in different versions of the Ethereum software running on the network. Any of the foregoing developments could have a significant negative impact on the viability and overall health of the Ethereum platform, the value of ETH and the Company’s business model and assets.

Uncertainty Regarding the Growth of Blockchain and Web 3 Technologies

The further development and use of blockchain, Web 3 technologies and digital assets are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate and predict, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The slowing of or stopping of the development or acceptance of blockchain networks, specifically Ethereum, and blockchain assets would be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Furthermore, blockchain and Web 3 technologies, including Ethereum, may never be implemented to a scale that provides identifiable economic benefit to blockchain-based businesses, including the Company.

The Ethereum network and ETH as digital asset have a limited history. Due to this short history, it is not clear how all elements of ETH will unfold over time, specifically with regard to governance between miners, developers and users, as well as the long-term security model as the rate of inflation of ETH decreases. Since the ETH community has successfully navigated a considerable number of technical and political challenges since its inception, the Company believes that it will continue to engineer its way around future challenges. The history of open-source software development would indicate that vibrant communities are able to change the software under development at a pace sufficient to stay relevant. The continuation of such vibrant communities is not guaranteed, and insufficient software development or any other unforeseen challenges that the community is not able to navigate could have an adverse impact on the business of the Company. 

Smart Contract Risk

The Ethereum network is based upon the development and deployment of smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement written into software code. There are thousands of smart contracts currently running on Ethereum network. Like all software code, smart contracts are exposed to risk that the code contains a bug or other security vulnerability, which can lead to loss of assets that are held on or transacted through the contract. The smart contract deployed on Ethereum and, as such, may contain a bug or other vulnerability that may lead to the loss of digital assets held in the wallet. The Ethereum developer community audits widely used smart contracts frequently and publishes the results of such audits on public forums. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee against a bug or other vulnerability leading to a loss of digital assets.

Dependence on Ethereum Network Developers

While many contributors to the Ethereum network’s open-source software are employed by companies in the industry, most of them are not directly compensated for helping to maintain the protocol. As a result, there are no contracts or guarantees that they will continue to contribute to the Ethereum network’s software (https://github.com/ether and https://github.com/orgs/ether/people).

Issues with the Cryptography Underlying the Ethereum Network

Although the Ethereum network is one of the world’s most established digital asset networks, the Ethereum network and other cryptographic and algorithmic protocols governing the issuance of digital assets represent a new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. In the past, flaws in the source code for digital assets have been exposed and exploited, including flaws that disabled some functionality for users, exposed users’ personal information and/or resulted in the theft of users’ digital assets. The cryptography underlying ETH could prove to be flawed or ineffective, or developments in mathematics and/or technology, including advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing, could result in such cryptography becoming ineffective. In any of these circumstances, a malicious actor may be able to take the ETH held by the Company. Moreover, functionality of the Ethereum network may be negatively affected such that it is no longer attractive to users, thereby dampening demand for ETH. Even if digital assets other than ETH were affected by similar circumstances, any reduction in confidence in the source code or cryptography underlying digital assets generally could negatively affect the demand for digital assets and therefore adversely affect the business of the Company.

Disputes on the Development of the Ethereum Network may lead to Delays in the Development of the Network

There can be disputes between contributors on the best paths forward in building and maintaining the Ethereum network’s software. Furthermore, the miners and/or stakers supporting the network and other developers and users of the network can disagree with the contributors as well, creating greater debate. Therefore, the Ethereum community often iterates slowly upon contentious protocol issues, which many perceive as prudently conservative, while others worry that it inhibits innovation. It will be important for the community to continue to develop at a pace that meets the demand for transacting in ETH, otherwise users may become frustrated and lose faith in the network. As a decentralized network, strong consensus and unity is particularly important to respond to potential growth and scalability challenges.

The Ethereum Blockchain may Temporarily or Permanently Fork and/or Split

The Ethereum network’s software and protocol are open source. When a modification is released by the developers and a substantial majority of participants consent to the modification, the change is implemented and the Ethereum network continues uninterrupted. However, if a change were activated with less than a substantial majority consenting to the proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, the consequence would be what is known as a “hard fork” (i.e., a split) of the Ethereum network (and the blockchain). One blockchain would be maintained by the pre-modification software and the other by the post-modification software. The effect is that both blockchain algorithms would be running parallel to one another, but each would be building an independent blockchain with independent native assets.

A hard fork could present problems such as two copies of a token for the same NFT. It could also present a problem for a customer having to choose to provide services with respect to digital assets resulting from a fork. In addition, digital asset loan agreements often dictate when and how each of the lender or the borrower of a digital asset pledging a certain digital asset gets the benefit of forked coins in the event of a hard fork. Similarly, derivative counterparties using ISDA-based contractual documentation may be subject to hard fork-related termination events.

Although forks are likely to be addressed by a community-led effort to merge the two groups, such a fork could still adversely affect ETH’s viability. 

Risks Related to our Company

Our filing of bankruptcy may adversely affect our business and relationships.

On August 31, 2021, the Bankruptcy Court entered its Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Order Approving and Confirming the Combined Disclosure Statement and Joint Chapter 11 Plan of AeroCentury Corp., and its Affiliated Debtors. The Effective Date of the Plan occurred on September 30, 2021. Each condition precedent to consummation of the Plan has been satisfied and/or waived.

As a result of our bankruptcy filing:

The occurrence of one or more of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

Upon our emergence from Chapter 11, the composition of our stockholder base has changed significantly.

As a result of the concentration of our equity ownership, our future strategy and plans may differ materially from those in the past. Upon our emergence from Chapter 11, the Plan Sponsors collectively held approximately 65.0% of our common stock, while holders of our legacy equity interests held approximately 35.0% of our common stock. Therefore, the Plan Sponsors have significant control on the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including, but not limited to, electing directors and approving corporate transactions. As a result, our future strategy and plans may differ materially from those of the past. Circumstances may occur in which the interests of the Plan Sponsors could be in conflict with the interests of other stockholders, and the Plan Sponsors would have substantial influence to cause us to take actions that align with their interests. Should conflicts arise, there can be no assurance that the Plan Sponsors would act in the best interests of other stockholders or that any conflicts of interest would be resolved in a manner favorable to our other stockholders.

The composition of our board of directors has changed significantly.

Pursuant to the Plan, the composition of our board of directors changed significantly. Upon our emergence from Chapter 11, our board of directors consisted of five directors, none of whom had previously served on our board of directors. The new directors have different backgrounds, experiences and perspectives from those who previously served on our board of directors and thus may have different views on the issues that will determine our future. There can be no assurance that our new board of directors will pursue, or will pursue in the same manner, our previous strategy and business plans.

Certain information contained in our historical financial statements are not comparable to the information contained in our financial statements after the adoption of fresh start accounting.

Upon our emergence from Chapter 11, we adopted fresh start accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 852 and became a new entity for financial reporting purposes. As a result, we revalued our assets and liabilities based on our estimate of our enterprise value and the fair value of each of our assets and liabilities. These estimates, projections and enterprise valuation were prepared solely for the purpose of the bankruptcy proceedings and should not be relied upon by investors for any other purpose. At the time they were prepared, the determination of these values reflected numerous estimates and assumptions, and the fair values recorded based on these estimates may not be fully realized in periods subsequent to our emergence from Chapter 11.

The consolidated financial statements after our emergence from bankruptcy will not be comparable to the consolidated financial statements on or before that date. This will make it difficult for stockholders to assess our performance in relation to prior periods.

We have a limited operating history in our post-bankruptcy new focus business, so there is a limited track record on which to judge our business prospects and management.

We have limited operating history in providing staking services upon which to base an evaluation of our business and prospects. You must consider the risks and difficulties we face as a small operating company with limited operating history. Further, our StaaS platform is new service, to which we have no experience and will rely upon our third party developers to develop and maintain the StaaS platform.

We will need to raise additional capital or financing to continue to execute and expand our business.

We will need to raise additional capital to support our new operations and execute on our business plan by issuing equity or convertible debt securities. In the event we are required to obtain additional funds, there is no guarantee that additional funds will be available on a timely basis or on acceptable terms. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, our shareholders may experience additional dilution and such financing may involve restrictive covenants. Newly issued securities may include preferences, superior voting rights, and the issuance of warrants or other convertible securities that will have additional dilutive effects. We cannot assure that additional funds will be available when needed from any source or, if available, will be available on terms that are acceptable to us. Further, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital and/or financing. We may also be required to recognize non-cash expenses in connection with certain securities we may issue, such as convertible notes and warrants, which will adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to obtain needed financing may be impaired by such factors as the weakness of capital markets, and the fact that we have not been profitable, which could impact the availability and cost of future financings. If such funds are not available when required, management will be required to curtail investments in additional sales and marketing and product development, which may have a material adverse effect on future cash flows and results of operations.

Our business depends on the continuing efforts of our management. If it loses their services, our business may be severely disrupted.

Our business operations depend on the efforts of our new management, particularly the executive officers named in this document. If one or more of our management were unable or unwilling to continue their employment with us, it might not be able to replace them in a timely manner, or at all. We may incur additional expenses to recruit and retain qualified replacements. Our business may be severely disrupted, and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, our management may join a competitor or form a competing company. As a result, our business may be negatively affected due to the loss of one or more members of our management.

We may not be able to prevent or timely detect cyber security breaches and may be subject to data, security and/or system breaches which could adversely affect our business operations and financial conditions.

We rely on information technology networks and systems, including the use of third-party communications systems over the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support our business activities. These information technology networks and systems may be subject to security breaches, hacking, phishing, or spoofing attempts by others to gain unauthorized access to our business information and financial accounts. A cyberattack, unauthorized intrusion, or theft of personal, financial or sensitive business information could have a material adverse effect of on our business operations or our clients’ information, and could harm our operations, reputation and financial situation. In addition, due to an increase in the types of cyberattacks, our employees could be victim to such scams designed to trick victims into transferring sensitive company data or funds, that could compromise and/or disrupt our business operations.

We were a victim of a business email compromise scam (BEC) in December 2021. BEC scams involve using social engineering to cause employees to wire funds to the perpetrators in the mistaken belief that the requests were made by a company executive or established vendor. As a result of the BEC scam, we have enhanced BEC awareness within our organization, established additional controls to help detect BEC scams when they occur, and require additional confirmations for large money transactions. In addition, we seek to detect and investigate all cybersecurity incidents and to prevent their recurrence, but in some cases, we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude, duration, and effects. While we take every effort to train our employees to be cognizant of these types of attacks and to take appropriate precautions, and have taken actions and implemented controls to protect our systems and information, the level of technological sophistication being used by attackers has increased in recent years, and may be insufficient to protect our systems or information. Any successful cyberattack against us could lead to the loss of significant company funds or result in in potential liability, including litigation or other legal actions against us, or the imposition of penalties, which could cause us to incur significant remedial costs. Further, we cannot ensure that our efforts and measures taken will be sufficient to prevent or mitigate any damage caused by a cybersecurity incident, and our networks and systems may be vulnerable to security breaches, hacking, phishing, spoofing, BEC, employee error or manipulation, or other adverse events.

Due to the evolving nature and increased sophistication of these cybersecurity threats, the potential impact of any future incident cannot be predicted with certainty; however, any such incidents could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, especially if we fail to maintain sufficient insurance coverage to cover liabilities incurred or are unable to recover any funds lost in data, security and/or system breaches, and could result in a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was ineffective, and if we continue to fail to improve such controls and procedures, investors could lose confidence in our financial and other reports, the price of our common stock may decline, and we may be subject to increased risks and liabilities. 

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual reports with respect to our business and financial condition. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we include a report of our management on our internal control over financial reporting. We are also required to include certifications of our management regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. We previously identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to our tax review control for complex transactions. We are in the process of enhancing our tax review control related to unusual transactions that we may encounter, but that control has not operated for a sufficient time to determine if the control was effective as of December 31, 2022. If we cannot effectively maintain our controls and procedures, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and other information we report which would likely cause investors to lose confidence. This lack of confidence could lead to a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require substantial financial and management resources and may increase the time and costs of completing an acquisition.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we evaluate and report on our system of internal controls and may require us to have such system audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties and/or shareholder litigation. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports could harm our business. Furthermore, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.

The trading prices of our common stock could be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to our shareholders and investors.

The trading prices of our common stock could be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of other similarly situated companies that have listed their securities in the U.S. in recent years. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility including, in some cases, substantial price declines in the trading prices of their securities. In addition, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, such as the large decline in share prices in the United States and other jurisdictions.

In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our common stock may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations including the following:

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the trading volume and the price at which our common stock will trade. In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the listed company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our common stock becomes subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may experience difficulty in completing customer transactions, and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.

If at any time we have net tangible assets of $5,000,001 or less and our common stock has a market price per share of less than $5.00, transactions in our common stock may be subject to the “penny stock” rules promulgated under the Exchange Act. Under these rules, broker-dealers who recommend such securities to persons other than institutional accredited investors must:

If our common stock becomes subject to these rules, broker-dealers may find it difficult to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our common stock may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our common stock.

An active trading market for our common stock may not develop, and you may not be able to easily sell your common stock.

An active trading market for shares of our common stock following our emergence from bankruptcy may never develop or be sustained. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling your shares of common stock or at all. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling our common stock, and it may impair our ability to attract and motivate our employees through equity incentive awards and our ability to acquire other companies by using our common stock as consideration.

If we do not continue to satisfy the NYSE American continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted.

The listing of our common stock on NYSE American is contingent on our compliance with the NYSE American’s conditions for continued listing.

Should we fail to meet the NYSE American’s continuing listing requirements, we may be subject to delisting by the NYSE America. In the event our common stock is no longer listed for trading on the NYSE American, our trading volume and share price may decrease and we may experience difficulties in raising capital which could materially affect our operations and financial results. Further, delisting from the NYSE American could also have other negative effects, including potential loss of confidence by partners, lenders, suppliers and employees. Finally, delisting could make it harder for us to raise capital and sell securities.

Sales of a significant number of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock.

In connection with a private placement of 2,870,927 (14,354,635 post-split) shares of common stock that closed on September 30, 2021, we have filed a registration statement allowing the holders thereof to resell the common stock. The sales of those shares of common stock in the public market could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock.

If we acquire digital securities, even unintentionally, we may violate the Investment Company Act of 1940 and incur potential third-party liabilities.

As of December 31, 2022, we held approximately $3.1 million stable cryptocurrencies, which is primarily USDC and $0.4 million in ETH. The Company intends to comply with the 1940 Act in all respects. To that end, if holdings of cryptocurrencies are determined to constitute investment securities of a kind that subject the Company to registration and reporting under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the Company will limit its holdings to less than 40% of its assets. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the 1940 Act defines “investment company” to mean any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of Government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. Section 3(a)(2) of the 1940 Act defines “investment securities” to include all securities except (A) Government securities, (B) securities issued by employees’ securities companies, and (C) securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries which (i) are not investment companies and (ii) are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company in section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. As noted above, the SEC has not stated whether stable cryptocurrencies such as USDC and USDT and other cryptocurrency such as ETH is an investment security, as defined in the 1940 Act.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not own any real property, plant or materially important physical properties. The Company leases its principal executive office space at 3000 El Camino Real, Building 4, Suite 200 Palo Alto, California 94306 on a month to month basis. JHC conducts all of its operations from its office located at 1818 Gilbreth Rd., Suite 243, Burlingame, California, United States under a lease agreement that expires on November 30, 2023 The Company leases its Singapore office at 103, Tampines Street 86, #03-06, the ALPS Residences, Singapore 528576 on a month to month basis. The Company considers it office space suitable and adequate for the purpose for which they are used for.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

The Company from time to time engages in ordinary course litigation incidental to the business. Although the Company cannot predict the impact or outcome of any of these proceedings, including, among other things, the amount or timing of any liabilities or other costs it may incur, none of the pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or any of its property is subject is anticipated to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE American  under the symbol “MPU.”

Number of Holders

According to the Company’s transfer agent, the Company had approximately 394 stockholders of record as of March 15, 2023. Because brokers and other institutions and nominees hold many of the Company’s shares of Common Stock on behalf of beneficial owners, the Company is unable to estimate the total number of beneficial owners represented by those nominees. 

Dividends

In connection with the Company’s exit from Chapter 11 reorganization, as set forth in the Combined Disclosure Statement and Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization of AeroCentury Corp., and Its Affiliated Debtors Docket No. 0282 (the “Plan”) which was previously approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on August 31, 2021, the previously approved special cash dividend of $0.6468 per share was paid to stockholders that held shares of Common Stock of the Company as of the effective date of the Plan prior to the sale and issuance of Common Stock of the Company to the plan sponsor investors led by Yucheng Hu on October 13, 2021. The record date for the Dividend and the effective date of the Plan was September 30, 2021.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides certain information with respect to our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2022:

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On December 23, 2022, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors named in the Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which we agreed to sell up to an aggregate of 5,280,000 shares of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $1.30 per share, or $6.9 million (the “Private Placement”).

On January 20, 2023, we completed an initial sale of 4,314,615 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to certain Purchasers for an aggregate purchase price of $5.6 million, or $1.30 per share.

On February 15, 2023, we completed the final sale of 765,384 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to a Purchaser for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million, or $1.30 per share, for combined total issuance of 5,079,999 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $6.6 million under the Private Placement, before deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Use of Proceeds

The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to the registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File Number 333-262217) relating to the resale of an aggregate of 2,397,305 shares of our Common Stock that were issued in connection with a private placement we completed on September 30, 2021. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholder of the common stock.

Purchases of Equity Securities

Neither we nor any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act, purchased any of our equity securities during the period covered by this annual report.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis should be read together with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements. Please see the cautionary note regarding these statements at the beginning of this report.

Recent Corporate Developments

On October 20, 2021, the Company set up Mega Metaverse Corp. (“Mega”), a wholly owned subsidiary incorporated in California. In December 2021, the Company launched the NFT business in the metaverse ecosystem through Mega, and released the first NFT game “Mano” on March 25, 2022. Mano is a competitive idle role-playing game (RPG) deploying the concept of NFTs based on blockchain technology, with a “Play-to-earn” business model that the players can earn while they play in Mega’s metaverse universe “alSpace”.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received approximately $0.3 million of BNB in revenue for the services. Due to regulatory challenges, the Company decided to suspend the Mano game and the alSpace platform, and on November 4, 2022, the Company discontinued the Mano game and the alSpace platform.

On August 31, 2022, the Company acquired all of the equity interest in Saving Digital Pte. Ltd., a Singapore exempt private company limited by shares (“SDP”) with no operations and approximately $3,800 in cash, from the chairman Yucheng Hu for a nominal consideration of $10,000. The Company intend to use SDP to explore other crypto related business in Singapore.

On September 19, 2022, through SDP, the Company purchased 37 Ether (ETH) for the purpose of exploring Ethereum staking opportunities following the transition by Ethereum on September 15, 2022 from proof-of-work (PoW) to a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism referred to as the “Merge.” Prior to the Merge, Ethereum utilized a PoW validation method for digital asset transactions. Following the Merge, Ethereum shifted to a PoS validation system where validators stake their ETH into a smart contract on Ethereum to serve as collateral that can be destroyed if the validator behaves dishonestly or lazily. The validator (selected randomly) is then responsible for processing the blockchain transactions, storing data and adding new blocks to the blockchain. Validators receives a transaction fee on their staked coins in ETH as a reward for their active participation in the network. To become a validator on Ethereum, a participant must stake 32 ETH. Till quarter ending December 31, 2022, SDP explored the Solo-Staking by staking 160 ETH to become five (5) validators to Ethereum to earn ETH rewards and yield. Solo-Staking enables SDP to utilize its ETH treasury to stake on the Ethereum beacon chain and to earn ETH-denominated rewards directly from the Ethereum protocol.

On September 29, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors named in the Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 4,400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $1.00 per share (the “Private Placement”). The gross proceeds of the Private Placement were $4.4 million, before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants of the parties, and the closing is subject to customary closing conditions. The closing of the Private Placement occurred on October 18, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the Company received advanced subscription fees of $2.2 million from certain Purchasers, among which $2.2 million were in cash and $0.75 million were in USDC. The closing of the Private Placement occurred on October 18, 2022.

On December 23, 2022, the Company entered into another Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors named in the Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell up to an aggregate of 5,280,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $1.30 per share, or $6.9 million (the “Private Placement”). On January 20, 2023, the Company completed an initial sale of 4,314,615 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to certain Purchasers for an aggregate purchase price of $5.6 million, or $1.30 per share. On February 15, 2023, the Company completed the final sale of 765,384 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to a Purchaser for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million, or $1.30 per share, for combined total issuance of 5,079,999 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $6.6 million to the Company under the Private Placement, before deducting estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

In addition, on March 3, 2023, in connection with a newly formed joint venture, SDP and Bit Digital Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“Bit Digital”), entered into a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders Agreement”) with Marsprotocol Technologies Pte. Ltd. (the “JV Company”), to provide proof-of-stake technology tools for digital assets through the staking platform “MarsProtocol”, an institutional grade non-custodial staking technology (the “Joint Venture”). Through MarsProtocol, the Joint Venture will seek to provide non-custodial staking tools whereby users’ private keys are not stored in its database to ensure the safety of its users’ digital assets. Currently the services will not be available to U.S. residents. Pursuant to the Shareholders Agreement, SDP will own 60% and Bit Digital will own 40% of the JV Company.

The Company believe that the ETH and other digital assets that the Company hold are not securities is a risk-based assessment and not a legal standard or binding on the SEC or any other regulators. If USDC, USDT, or ETH are deemed to be securities under the laws of any U.S. federal, state, or foreign jurisdiction, or in a proceeding in a court of law or otherwise, it may have adverse consequences for such digital asset. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to our Business – A particular digital asset’s status, such as an ETH, as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and if a regulator disagrees with our characterization of the ETH and other stable cryptocurrencies, the Company may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, investigation, fines and penalties, which may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. A determination that an ETH or stable cryptocurrencies is a “security” may adversely affect the value of those ETH, stable cryptocurrencies and our business.”

Bankruptcy

On September 30, 2021, the Company emerged from bankruptcy with a restructured balance sheet, a new management team, and a new purpose to focus on new lines of business other than the aircraft leasing business.

On September 30, 2021 (the “Effective Date”) and pursuant to the Plan Sponsor Agreement, the Company entered into and consummated the transactions contemplated by a Securities Purchase Agreement with the Plan Sponsor, and Yucheng Hu, in the capacity as the representative for the Plan Sponsor thereunder, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, and the Plan Sponsor purchased, 14,354,635 shares of common stock (given effect to five for one forward stock split), par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “ACY Common Stock”) at $0.77 (given effect to five for one forward stock split) for each share of Common Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11,053,100 (the “Purchase Price”). The Securities Purchase Agreement contained customary representations, warranties and covenants by the parties to such agreement.

The principal terms of the Plan Sponsor Agreement are below:

Results of Operations

Revenues and Other Income

Revenues and other income decreased by $4.2 million, or 68% to $1.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 from $6.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of a decrease of $6.2 million in operating lease revenues to $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 from $6.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, partially offset by income of (i) $0.3 million from GameFi business , and (ii) $1.5 million from reversal of accounts and other payable, which the Company expected it would not make payments. However the Company discontinued the NFT gaming business due to regulatory challenges since November 2022. The Company is exploring other crypto-related business models outside of the United States.

Expenses

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had total operating expenses of $5.8 million and $19.2 million, respectively. The changes in expenses were primarily caused by changes in impairment in value of aircraft, interest, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses, depreciation expenses, and impairment of intangible assets.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not record impairment charges against aircraft. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges totaling $4.2 million on seven aircrafts held for sale, based on appraised values or expected sales proceeds.

The Company’s interest expense decreased by $2.4 million, or 95% to $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 from $2.5 million in 2021, as a result of the Company’s emergence from bankruptcy in September 2021 and the Company was not obliged to debts and related interest expenses.

Professional fees, general and administrative and other expenses decreased by $4.7 million, or 68% to $2.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 from $6.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily because the Company incurred less consulting expenses during the year ended December 31, 2022 as the Company completed its emergence from bankruptcy in September 2021.

Depreciation expense decreased by $1.2 million, or 100% to $nil million in the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily as a result of the emergence from bankruptcy and the Company did not have aircraft for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment expenses of intangible assets increased by $0.9 million, or 100% for the year ended December 31, 2022, as the Company discontinued the Mano game and the alSpace platform, and the Company abandoned the related software in November 2022. Accordingly, the Company provided full impairment against the software.

Impairment of goodwill

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded full impairment of $4.7 million against goodwill arising from fresh accounting because of the underperformance of the aircraft leasing business.

Reorganization gains, net

Effective on September 30, 2021, we completed our emergence from bankruptcy. We adopted fresh start accounting and recognized reorganization gains of $27.7 million from our previous leasing and financing services to regional airlines for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Income tax (benefits) provision

The Company recorded income tax benefit of $48,900 for the year ended December 31, 2022, or 0.52% of pre-tax loss, compared to $18,000 income tax expense, or 0.12% of pre-tax loss in the same period of 2021. The difference in the effective federal income tax rate from the normal statutory rate in the year of 2022 was primarily related to release of the reserve on the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of statute of limitations in 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On September 30, 2021, the Company emerged from bankruptcy with a restructured balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had total net assets of approximately $7.0 million.

As the Company has disclosed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company settled the liabilities subject to compromise with aircraft included in the assets held for sale.

On September 30, 2021 and pursuant to the Plan Sponsor Agreement, the Company closed the transactions with the Plan Sponsor, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, and the Plan Sponsor purchased, 14,354,635 shares of common stock (given effect to five for one forward stock split), par value $0.001 per share, of the Company at $0.77 (given effect to five for one forward stock split) for each share of Common Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $11,053,100. The Plan Sponsor made the payments before September 30, 2021.

On October 18, 2022, the Company closed a private placement by offering 4,400,000 shares of common stock, at per share price of $1.0. The Company received gross proceeds of $4.4 million from the private placement.

On January 20, 2023 and February 15, 2023, the Company closed private placements by offering 4,314,615 shares of common stock and 765,384 shares of common stock, respectively. The per share price was $1.30. The received gross proceeds aggregating $6.6 million.

On September 30, 2021, the Company emerged from bankruptcy with a restructured balance sheet. Since its emergence through December 31, 2022, the Company incurred recurring net losses. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company reported net losses of $9.3 million and cash outflows from operating activities of $5.9 million. These conditions raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company’s liquidity is based on its ability to generate cash from operating activities and obtain financing from investors to fund its general operations and capital expansion needs. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on management’s ability to successfully execute its business plan, which includes increasing revenue while controlling operating cost and expenses to generate positive operating cash flows and obtain financing from outside sources.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had working capital of $7.0 million, among which the Company held cash of $7.3 million, stable coins of $3.1 million and digital assets of 0.4 million, which were highly liquid and easily convertible into cash over the market. On the other hand, the Company had current liabilities of $5.6 million, which comprised of a non-cash item of $5.2 million, representing advance of subscription fees from investors. The advance was classified to equity upon closing of private placements in January and February 2023. Given the financial condition of the Company and its operating performance, and the advance of subscription receivable mentioned above, the Company assesses current working capital is sufficient to meet its obligations for the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report. Accordingly, management continues to prepare the Company’s consolidated financial statements on going concern basis.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and judgments are used when accounting for the application of fresh start accounting, realization of goodwill, current value of the Company’s assets held for sale, the amount and timing of future cash flows associated with each asset that are used to evaluate whether assets are impaired, accounting for income taxes, and the amounts recorded as allowances for doubtful accounts.

Cash Flow

Because the Company just emerged from bankruptcy on September 30, 2021, the cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2021 was attributable to provision and usage by the predecessor of the Company for the period from January 1, 2021 through September 29, 2021, and provision and usage by the successor of the Company for the period from September 30, 2021 through December 31, 2021.

Since emerging from bankruptcy to date, the Company financed the operations primarily through cash flow from operations and capital injections from the sponsors. The Company plans to support the future operations primarily from cash generated from the operations and cash on hand. 

On October 18, 2022, the Company completed a private placement to certain accredited investors, of an aggregate of 4,400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a price of $1.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $4.4 million.

 On December 23, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors named in the Purchase Agreement (collectively, the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell up to an aggregate of 5,280,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) at a purchase price of $1.30 per share, or $6.9 million (the “Private Placement”).

On January 20, 2023, the Company completed an initial sale of 4,314,615 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to certain Purchasers for an aggregate purchase price of $5.6 million, or $1.30 per share.

On February 15, 2023, the Company completed the final sale of 765,384 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Private Placement to a Purchaser for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million, or $1.30 per share, for combined total issuance of 5,079,999 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $6.6 million to the Company under the Private Placement, before deducting estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

The following is a discussion of historical cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities:

Operating activities

The Company’s net cash outflow from operations was $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was mainly attributable to payment of $2.0 million for salaries and welfare, and payment of $2.2 million for professional fees and legal expenses with our launch of our GameFi business, $0.8 million for the maintenance cost for the Marsprotocol platform.  

The Company’s net cash outflow from operations was $1.1 million for the period from September 30, 2021 through December 31, 2021, which was mainly attributable to payment of $1.3 million for professional fees and legal expenses with respect to the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases and restructuring and recapitalization effort.

The Company’s net cash outflow from operations was $1.3 million for the period from January 1, 2021 through September 29, 2021, which was mainly attributable collection of finance lease income of $1.1 million, against payment of $2.4 million for professional fees and legal expenses with respect to the Company’s Chapter 11 Cases and restructuring and recapitalization effort.

Investing activities

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company purchased digital assets of $46,300 and acquired a subsidiary at cost of $10,000.

For the period from September 30, 2021 through December 31, 2021, the Company made a deposit of $1.0 million to a third-party vendor for development of Mano, the Company’s first NFT game.

For the period from January 1, 2021 through September 29, 2021, the Company received net cash of $12.0 million from asset sales.

Financing activities

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received subscription fees of $2.4 million from investors for the private placement that closed in October 2022, and subscription fees of $3.4 million advanced from investors for the private placement closed in January and February 2023.    

For the period from September 30, 2021 through December 31, 2021, the Company paid special dividends of $999,800 to stockholders that held shares of Common Stock of the Company as of the effective date of the Plan prior to the sale and issuance of Common Stock of the Company to the plan sponsor investors.

For the period from January 1, 2021 through September 29, 2021, the Plan Sponsor contributed $11.0 million to the Company to subscribe for 14,354,635 shares of common stock (given effect to five for one forward stock split), and repaid notes payable of $16.5 million

During 2021, the Company borrowed $2.5 million in the form of paid-in-kind interest that was added to the outstanding principal balance under the MUFG Indebtedness and Drake Indebtedness.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the consolidated financial statements included in this report, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements or during the applicable reporting period. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or the Company adjusts these estimates in future periods, the Company’s operating results and financial position could be materially affected. For a further discussion of Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates, refer to Note 2 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Disclosure under this item has been omitted pursuant to the rules of the SEC that permit smaller reporting companies to omit this information.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The financial statements required by this item begin on page F-1 with the index to financial statements followed by the financial statements. 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Act of 1934. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be included in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, and was made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period when this report was being prepared. Based upon that evaluation, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that, due to the material weakness described below, as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.   We will continue undertaking the remedial steps to address the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as described below in the section titled “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.”

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Additionally, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2022, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). A Material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) Auditing Standard No. 2) or a combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected. Based on such assessment, management concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective. Management has identified the following material weakness:

We are implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate material weaknesses, including the following:

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such report is not required due to the Company’s status as a smaller reporting company.

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Directors, Executive Officers and Significant Employees

The following table and text set forth the names and ages of our current directors, executive officers and significant employees as of December 31, 2022. Our Board of Directors is comprised of only one class. All of the directors will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, retirement, resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of the directors and executive officers. Our directors have received compensation in the form of cash for their services on the Board. 

There are no arrangements or understandings between our directors and executive officers and any other person pursuant to which any director or officer was or is to be selected as a director or officer.

Business Experience

Executives

Mr. Yucheng Hu, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Yucheng Hu has been our president and chief executive officer since September 30, 2021, and our director since October 1, 2021. Mr. Hu is the founder of Chengdu Quleduo Technology Co., Ltd., and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 2011. Mr. Hu is a successful entrepreneur with over 15 years of experience in the internet industry. Mr. Hu established the Xiyou online mobile game platform (www.x52xiyou.com), which is a popular online gaming platform in China. Mr. Hu has also formed various software programming studios, such as the Mengqu studio, and has developed various mini-programs for social media applications such as the “click-and-play” application for instant on-line games access. Mr. Hu brings a wealth of management experience to the Board, including several executive positions within the internet and online gaming industry.

Yunheng (Brad) Zhang, Chief Operating Officer and Director. Mr. Zhang served as the finance manager of the Company from October 2021 to September 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Zhang was a product manager with Nengfan Technology Co. from 2020 to 2021. Mr. Zhang also served as the financial accountant of Midea Australia, an appliance company, from December 2018 to November 2019. Mr. Zhang received his master’s degree in professional accounting from Monash University in Australia in 2018 and received his bachelor’s degree in product quality engineering from Xinhua University.

Ms. Qin (Carol) Wang, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary. Ms. Qin (Carol) Wang has been our chief financial officer, secretary and treasurer since September 30, 2021. Ms. Wang has been an independent financial consultant since June 2020, specializing in M&A transactions for companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market and New York Stock Exchange. Prior to that, Ms. Wang served as the finance controller and financial advisor of TD Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: GLG) from February 2018 to May 2020. Through July 2016 to January 2018, Ms. Wang served as a senior investment manager for Yikuan Asset Management Company. Ms. Wang began her career at Ernst & Young where she served as a senior auditor from September 2012 to June 2015. She is skilled at M&A transactions, US GAAP and IFRS financial reporting, implementing new accounting standards, corporate financial management and planning. Ms. Wang holds a Master’s degree in Finance from Renmin University of China and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from Donghua University. Ms. Wang is a certified public accountant and is a member of the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants and a member of Association of International Accountants.

Non-Employee Directors

Ms. Siyuan Zhu, Director. Ms. Siyuan Zhu has been our director since October 1, 2021. Ms. Zhu is currently a senior finance manager of Asia Region of IAC (Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd. since 2016. From 2013 to 2015, Ms. Zhu has served as a finance manager in IAC (Shanghai) Automotive Component Technology Co., Ltd. Prior to 2013, Ms. Zhu held various positions at KPMG Huazhen for a total of seven years and served as a program manager from 2011 to 2013. Ms. Zhu has served as an independent director of TD Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: GLG) from May 2019 to April 2021. Ms. Zhu holds a Bachelor’s degree in Foreign Language and Literature from Shanghai International Studies University. Ms. Zhu is a certified public accountant in China and has served as an independent director on another Nasdaq listed company, which, the Company believes, makes Ms. Zhu qualified to be on the Board.

Mr. Jianan Jiang, Director. Mr. Jianan Jiang has been our director since October 1, 2021. Since February 2019, Mr. Jiang has been serving as the lead data scientist for Stori Card in Washington, DC, which is a fast-growing Fintech company using Artificial Intelligence technology to provide better financial products for the underserved community in Latin America. Prior to that, he worked as data analyst and data science manager for Capital One from October 2014 to January 2019. Mr. Jiang served as co-founder and chief executive office of Schema Fusion LLC from May 2013 to September 2014. Mr. Jiang received his Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from Qingdao Technological University in 2008, and received his Master of Science in Management Science and Engineering from Tongji University in 2011, and received his Master of Science in Engineering and Technology Innovation Management from Carnegie Mellon University in 2013. The Board believes that Mr. Jiang brings a long history of technical experience to the Board which qualifies him to serve on the Board.

Ms. Qin Yao, Director. Ms. Qin Yao has been our director since October 1, 2021. Ms. Yao is currently an information engineer at Tencent Holdings Co., Ltd (stock code: 00700), a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and responsible for the products and market expansion of Tencent’s industrial Internet Sector since 2017. From 2010 to 2017, Ms. Yao served as an electronic information engineer in China United Network Communications Co., Ltd. Ms. Yao has more than 10 years of investment experience in the field of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and technology information services. She also has profound knowledge of financial planning, financial budgeting and financial risk management related to the cloud business. Ms. Yao holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electronic Information Engineering from the University of Electronic Science and Technology in Chengdu in 2004. The Board believes Ms. Yao brings a long history of product and market expansion experience to the Board, which qualifies her to serve on the Board.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

To the best of our knowledge, during the past ten years, none of our directors or executive officers were involved in any of the following: (1) any bankruptcy petition filed by or against any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; (2) any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses); (3) being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his or her involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; and (4) being found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodities Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended or vacated.

Family Relationships and Arrangements

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or named executive officers. There are no arrangements or understandings with any other person under which our directors and officers was elected or appointed as a director or named executive officer.

Board Committees and Independence

During the period between January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, the board of directors held 4 meetings. During that period, the incumbent directors attended all of the meetings of the Board of Directors and its committees on which he or she served that were held during the period in which he or she was a director. The Company has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and an Executive Committee of the Board of Directors, each of which is discussed below. Our Board of Directors has determined that all committee members are independent under applicable NYSE and SEC rules for committee memberships.

Board Independence. A majority of the Board of Directors of the Company, consisting of Ms. Zhu, Mr. Jiang and Ms. Yao, are independent directors, as defined in Section 803A of the NYSE American Company Guide. In addition, each of Ms. Zhu, Mr. Jiang and Ms. Yao are members of the Board’s audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees.

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee operates under a charter adopted and approved by the board of directors, which is available on the Company’s website at https://file.mtmtgroup.com/uploads/files/468db0660db4a73f43ede24115b704e2.pdf. The Audit Committee meets with the Company’s management and its independent registered public accounting firm to review internal financial information, audit plans and results, and financial reporting procedures. The current Audit Committee consists of Siyuan Zhu (Chair), Qin Yao, and Jianan Jiang. The board of directors has determined that Siyuan Zhu, Qin Yao and Jianan Jiang are independent within the meaning of Sections 803A and 803B(2) of the NYSE American Company Guide, and that Ms. Zhu is an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. The Audit Committee held 4 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee assists the board of directors in discharging its responsibilities relating to compensation of the Company’s directors and officers and complying with disclosure requirements regarding such compensation, if and when required and in accordance with applicable SEC and stock exchange rules and regulations. The Compensation Committee operates under a charter adopted and approved by the board of directors, which is available on the Company’s website at https://file.mtmtgroup.com/uploads/files/f09b1d6dab27ee8822047a3ff459de31.pdf. The current Compensation Committee consists of Jianan Jiang (Chair), Siyuan Zhu, and Qin Yao. The board of directors has determined that Siyuan Zhu, Jianan Jiang, and Qin Yao are independent within the meaning of Section 803A and 805(c) of the NYSE American Company Guide and Rule 10C-1(b)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and a “non-employee director” as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Compensation Committee held 2 meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Nominating and Governance Committee. The Company does not have a formal nominating committee. The independent directors separately consider and make recommendations to the full board of directors regarding any candidate being considered to serve on the board of directors, and the full board of directors reviews and makes determination regarding such potential candidates. In light of this practice, which is similar to the practices of many boards of directors that have a standing nominating committee, the board of directors believes it is unnecessary to formally establish such a committee.

Although the Company’s board of directors does not have a formal policy with respect to board of directors diversity, it strives to constitute the board of directors with directors who bring to our Company a variety of perspectives, cultural sensitivity, life experiences, skills, expertise, and sound business understanding and judgment derived from a broad range of business, professional, community involvement, and finance experiences, as well as directors who have skills and experience that are relevant and helpful to the Company’s industry and operations and who have the desire and capacity to actively serve.

Executive Committee. The Executive Committee has the authority to acquire, dispose of and finance investments for the Company and execute contracts and agreements, including those related to the borrowing of money by the Company, and generally exercises all other powers of the board of directors except for those which require action by all of the directors or the independent directors under the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Company, or under applicable law or stock exchange requirements. The current Executive Committee consists of only two (2) directors, Yucheng Hu and Yunheng (Brad) Zhang, The Executive Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Indemnification Agreements

The Company executed a standard form of indemnification agreement (“Indemnification Agreement”) with each of its Board members and executive officers (each, an “Indemnitee”).

Pursuant to and subject to the terms, conditions and limitations set forth in the Indemnification Agreement, the Company agreed to indemnify each Indemnitee, against any and all expenses incurred in connection with the Indemnitee’s service as our officer, director and or agent, or is or was serving at the Company’s request as a director, officer, employee, agent or advisor of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company, or other entity or enterprise but only if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interest, and in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. In addition, the indemnification provided in the indemnification agreement is applicable whether or not negligence or gross negligence of the Indemnitee is alleged or proven. Additionally, the Indemnification Agreement establishes processes and procedures for indemnification claims, advancement of expenses and costs and contribution obligations.

Delinquent Section 16 Filings. 

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors and officers and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company and written representations that no other reports were required, the Company believes the Company’s officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners complied with all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to them in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Code of Ethics. 

The Company has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics, or the “code of conduct.” The code of conduct applies to all of the Company’s employees, including its executive officers, and non-employee directors, and it qualifies as a “code of ethics” within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. A copy of the code of conduct is available on the Company’s website at https://file.mtmtgroup.com/uploads/files/ab7adf9a1974a8d7e34a8f1577d01657.pdf or   upon written request to the Investor Relations Department, 3000 El Camino Real, Bldg. 4, Suite 200, Palo Alto, California 94306. To the extent required by law, any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the code of conduct will be promptly disclosed publicly. To the extent permitted by such requirements, the Company intends to make such public disclosure on its website in accordance with SEC rules.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The following table sets forth information concerning all forms of compensation earned by our named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2022 for services provided to the Company and its subsidiary. 

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table

The compensation paid to our named executive officers consists solely of base salary plus cash bonus payments, if any. No named executive officer of the Company receives equity compensation.

Named Executive Officer Employment Agreements

Yucheng Hu. In connection with Mr. Hu’s appointment as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and as an executive director of the Company, Mr. Hu entered into the Company’s standard form of employment agreement, effective as of October 1, 2021, and amended on December 16, 2021. In addition, Mr. Hu shall be eligible to receive an annual target cash bonus and equity-based incentive compensation, as determined by the board of directors and the Compensation Committee of the board of directors, employee benefits as may be determined by the Company in its sole discretion, and reimbursement of expenses in the course and scope of authorized Company business. On October 25, 2022, the Board approved the increase to Mr. Hu’s annual base salary from $1.00 to $192,000, effective as of October 16, 2022. Mr. Hu’s employment is at-will and may be terminated at any time for any reason. 

Yunheng (Brad) Zhang. In connection with Mr. Zhang’s appointment as Chief Operating Officer, and as an executive director of the Company, Mr. Zhang entered into the Company’s standard form of employment agreement, dated October 25, 2022, for a term of three (3) years, which provides for an annual base salary of $150,000, effective as of October 16, 2022. In addition, Mr. Zhang shall be eligible to receive an annual target cash bonus and equity-based incentive compensation, as determined by the board of directors and the Compensation Committee of the board of directors, employee benefits as may be determined by the Company in its sole discretion, and reimbursement of expenses in the course and scope of authorized Company business.

Qin (Carol) Wang. In connection with Ms. Wang’s appointment as Chief Financial Officer, Company Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, Ms. Wang entered into the Company’s standard form of employment agreement, effective as of October 1, 2021, for a term of three (3) years, which provides for an annual base salary of $120,000. In addition, Ms. Wang shall be eligible to receive an annual target cash bonus and equity-based incentive compensation, as determined by the board of directors and the Compensation Committee of the board of directors, employee benefits as may be determined by the Company in its sole discretion, and reimbursement of expenses in the course and scope of authorized Company business.

Florence Ng. In connection with Ms. Ng’s appointment as General Counsel and Vice President of Operations, and as an executive director of the Company, Ms. Ng entered into an employment agreement, effective as of October 1, 2021, for a term of three (3) years, which provided for an annual salary of $165,000 and a one-time signing fee of $18,750, plus reimbursement of expenses. Ms. Ng was covered under an insurance policy that the Company maintained providing directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. In addition, Ms. Ng was also eligible for participation in any health insurance coverage plan that existed. On November 1, 2021, Ms. Ng entered into an Amendment to Employment Agreement, to change Ms. Ng’s title from “General Counsel and Vice President of Operations” to “Vice President of Operations and Business Development” as a result of Ms. Ng’s relocation to the Company’s headquarters in Palo Alto, California from Hong Kong at the request of the Company to head the Company’s operations and business development. On March 25, 2022, the Company amended the existing employment agreement with Ms. Ng to reflect her new appointment as Chief Operating Officer. Ms. Ng did not receive additional compensation for serving as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer and the remaining material terms of Ms. Ng’s original employment agreement were unchanged. On September 16, 2022, the Board received the resignation of Ms. Ng as Chief Operating Officer and director, effective as of September 30, 2022, in connection with a termination agreement dated September 16, 2022 entered into by the Company with Ms. Ng pursuant to which the Company and Ms. Ng mutually agreed to terminate Ms. Ng’s employment agreement.  

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

On December 29, 2021, our shareholders approved our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (“2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan authorizes the issuance of awards for up to 1,100,000 shares of our common stock in the form of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards and unrestricted stock awards to officers, directors and employees of, and consultants and advisors to, the Company or its affiliates. No awards were granted under the 2021 Plan during fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding options, stock appreciation rights or long-term incentive awards outstanding.

Director Compensation

Director Compensation Table

Below is summary of compensation accrued or paid to our non-executive directors during fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Mr. Hu, our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Ms. Ng., our former Chief Operating Officer, and Mr. Zhang, our current chief operating officer, received no compensation for their service as directors and are not included in the table. The compensation Mr. Hu, Ms. Ng and Mr. Zhang received as an employee of the Company is included in the section titled “Executive Compensation.”

Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock as of March 15, 2023 by: (i) each person or entity that is known to the Company to own beneficially more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock; (ii) each director of the Company; (iii) each named executive officer; and (iv) all directors and named executive officers of the Company as a group.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Transactions with Related Parties 

The Company did not enter into any related party transaction required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. 

Director Independence

A majority of our Board of Directors are independent directors, see the discussion above under the section “Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance–Director Independence.”

Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm was Audit Alliance LLP (“AA”).

Fees Paid to Principal Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The aggregate fees billed by our independent registered public accounting firms, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures.  The retainer agreements between the Company and the independent public accounting firms setting forth the terms and conditions of and estimated fees to be paid to the independent public accounting firms for audit and tax return preparation services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee at the beginning of the respective engagements. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee’s policy is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent public accounting firm, except as may be permitted by applicable law. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. Pre-approval is generally provided for up to one year and any pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or category of services and is generally subject to a specific budget. The Audit Committee has delegated pre-approval authority to its Chair when expedition of services is necessary. The independent public accounting firm and management are required to periodically report to the full Audit Committee regarding the extent of services provided by the independent public accounting firm in accordance with this pre-approval, and the fees for the services performed to date. None of the services rendered by the independent public accounting firm in 2021 or 2020 were rendered pursuant to the de minimis exception established by the SEC, and all such services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

PART IV

Item 15.  Exhibits, Financial Statements Schedules.

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K:

(1) Financial Statements 

The following financial statements of the Company, and the Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms, are included at the end of this report beginning on page F-1: 

(2) Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules have been omitted because the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto or because they are not required.

(3) Exhibits

The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in subparagraph (b) below. 

(b) Exhibits:

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and board of directors of Mega Matrix Corp.:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Mega Matrix Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (Successor Company) and September 30, 2021 (Predecessor Company), and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, for the three months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor Company), for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (Predecessor Company), and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2022, 2021 (Successor Company) and September 30, 2021 (Predecessor Company), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, for the three months ended December 31, 2021 (Successor Company), and for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (Predecessor Company), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Basis of Accounting

As discussed in Note 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company filed a petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code on March 29, 2021. The Company's plan of reorganization became effective and the Company emerged from bankruptcy protection on September 30, 2021. In connection with its emergence from bankruptcy, the Company adopted the guidance for fresh start accounting in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 852, Reorganizations, effective as of September 30, 2021. Accordingly, the Company's consolidated financial statements prior to September 30, 2021 are not comparable to its consolidated financial statements for periods after September 30, 2021.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

As described in Note 2 and Note 8 to the financial statements, the Company recorded its Mano game software and alSpace platform as intangible asset, with a carrying amount of $0.9 million The Company made a full impairment against the carrying amount after deciding to discontinue the Mano game and alSpace platform on November 4, 2022 due to regulatory challenges. The Company reviews long-lived asset for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may no longer be recoverable. The recoverability of an asset that is held and used is tested by initially comparing the carrying value of the asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by that asset. If it is determined that an asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recognized in the amount by which the asset’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.

The determination of whether an impairment indicator has occurred involves the evaluation of subjective factors by management to assess what constitutes an event or change in circumstance that indicates a software technology should be tested for recoverability, and therefore auditing the valuation of intangible assets involved especially subjective judgment.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s long-lived assets impairment assessment for a held and used asset for which management identified impairment indicators, including controls over (1) testing the effectiveness of controls over the development of principal assumptions used in the undiscounted cash flow model, and the determination of the recoverable amount of the software, (2) evaluating the appropriateness of the undiscounted cash flow model, and the reasonableness of the principal assumptions used by management and (3) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the model.

Goodwill Impairment

As disclosed in Note 4 to the financial statements, due to the underperformance of its aircraft leasing business, the Company recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $4.69 million relating to one reporting unit, JetFleet Management Corp. (“JMC”, formerly as JetFleet Holding Corp.) during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company's evaluation of goodwill for impairment involves the comparison of the fair value of reporting unit to its carrying value. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit primarily using the income approach (including discounted cash flows). With respect to the income approach, management makes significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future performance, including revenues, cost of revenue, and operating expenses and risk-adjusted discount rates.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impairment assessment on goodwill relating to reporting unit under JMC is a critical audit matter are the significant judgments and estimates made by management when determining the fair values of this reporting unit, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s impairment assessment on goodwill relating to reporting unit under JMC, including controls relating to fair value determination of this reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others, testing the fair values of this reporting unit as determined by management, which included (1) evaluating the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s impairment assessment on goodwill relating to reporting unit and fair value determination of reporting unit; and (2) evaluating management’s process for developing the fair value of the reporting unit, which included (a) the appropriateness of the valuation methods; (b) the completeness, mathematical accuracy and relevance of the key underlying data adopted in the valuation; and (c) the reasonableness of the significant assumptions.

/s/ Audit Alliance LLP

Singapore, March 31, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

MEGA MATRIX CORP.

(formerly “AeroCentury Corp.”)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Rounded to the Nearest Hundred US Dollar, except for share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MEGA MATRIX CORP.

(formerly “AeroCentury Corp.”)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Rounded to the Nearest Hundred US Dollar, except for share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MEGA MATRIX CORP.

(formerly “AeroCentury Corp.”)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Rounded to the Nearest Hundred US Dollar, except for share data, unless otherwise stated)