Meridian Corp - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-55983

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	32-0116054
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

9 Old Lincoln Highway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(484) 568‑5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Title of class	Trading Symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1 par value	MRBK	The NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒Yes ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒Yes ☐No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of August 14, 2019 there were 6,406,996 outstanding shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3

Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3

Consolidated Statements of Income – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	4

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	5

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34

Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	52

Item 4 Controls and Procedures	53

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 Legal Proceedings	55

Item 1A Risk Factors	55

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	55

Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities	55

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures	55

Item 5 Other Information	55

Item 6 Exhibits	55

Signatures	57

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


	June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018
Cash and due from banks	$	30,493	23,159
Federal funds sold		137	793
Cash and cash equivalents		30,630	23,952
Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $48,276 and $50,942 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)		48,529	50,428
Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $12,480 and $12,655 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)		12,287	12,741
Mortgage loans held for sale (amortized cost of $39,066 and $37,337 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)		39,288	37,695
Loans, net of fees and costs (includes $12,381 and $11,422 of loans at fair value, amortized cost of $12,012 and $11,466 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)		885,172	838,106
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(8,625)	(8,053)
Loans, net of the allowance for loan and lease losses		876,547	830,053
Restricted investment in bank stock		5,872	7,002
Bank premises and equipment, net		9,225	9,638
Bank owned life insurance		11,713	11,569
Accrued interest receivable		3,344	2,889
Other real estate owned		120	—
Deferred income taxes (Footnote 1)		1,644	1,728
Goodwill and intangible assets		4,909	5,046
Other assets		11,798	4,739
Total assets	$	1,055,906	997,480

Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$	127,158	126,150
Interest-bearing		713,556	625,980
Total deposits		840,714	752,130
Short-term borrowings		74,979	114,300
Long-term debt		8,948	6,238
Subordinated debentures		9,176	9,239
Accrued interest payable		327	305
Other liabilities (Footnote 1)		7,383	5,716
Total liabilities		941,527	887,928

Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 6,406,996 and 6,406,795 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		6,407	6,407
Surplus		80,123	79,919
Retained earnings (Footnote 1)		27,644	23,616
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		205	(390)
Total stockholders’ equity		114,379	109,552
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,055,906	997,480

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended			Six months ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018	2019	2018
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	12,647	10,507	24,534	20,000
Securities:
Taxable		278	168	556	336
Tax-exempt		100	112	209	224
Cash and cash equivalents		48	22	98	45
Total interest income		13,073	10,809	25,397	20,605
Interest expense:
Deposits		3,715	2,028	6,951	3,687
Borrowings		436	635	1,048	1,080
Total interest expense		4,151	2,663	7,999	4,767
Net interest income		8,922	8,146	17,398	15,838
Provision for loan losses		14	413	233	967
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,908	7,733	17,165	14,871
Non-interest income:
Mortgage banking income		6,321	7,312	11,229	12,133
Wealth management income		912	988	1,776	2,066
SBA loan income		515	—	515	—
Earnings on investment in life insurance		72	73	144	151
Net change in the fair value of derivative instruments		(32)	(218)	(16)	(11)
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-sale		(226)	62	(136)	59
Net change in the fair value of loans held-for-investment		90	(15)	414	(186)
Gain on sale of investment securities available-for-sale		139	—	139	—
Service charges		27	28	54	60
Other		110	438	256	1,452
Total non-interest income		7,928	8,668	14,375	15,724
Non-interest expenses:
Salaries and employee benefits		8,742	9,382	16,469	17,818
Occupancy and equipment		936	990	1,899	1,950
Loan expenses		668	723	1,136	1,193
Professional fees		709	477	1,180	956
Advertising and promotion		730	631	1,196	1,212
Data processing		324	302	648	590
Information technology		319	243	585	568
Communications		162	240	354	486
Other		1,654	1,086	2,893	1,863
Total non-interest expenses		14,244	14,074	26,360	26,636
Income before income taxes		2,592	2,327	5,180	3,959
Income tax expense		570	525	1,152	887
Net income	$	2,022	1,802	4,028	3,072

Basic earnings per common share	$	0.32	0.28	0.63	0.48

Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.31	0.28	0.63	0.48

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended			Six months ended
	June 30,			June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018	2019	2018
Net income:	$	2,022	1,802	4,028	3,072

Other comprehensive income:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale:
Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax (benefit) expense of $95, ($18), $202, and ($101), respectively		330	(63)	703	(339)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net (gains) on sales realized in net income, net of tax (expense) benefit of ($31), $0, ($31), and $0, respectively		(108)	—	(108)	—
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of tax expense (benefit) of $64, ($18), $171, and ($101), respectively		222	(63)	595	(339)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		222	(63)	595	(339)
Total comprehensive income	$	2,244	1,739	4,623	2,733

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)


					Accumulated
					Other
		Common		Retained	Comprehensive
(dollars in thousands)		Stock	Surplus	Earnings	Income (Loss)	Total
Balance, January 1, 2018 (Footnote 1)	$	6,392	79,501	15,453	(298)	101,048
Comprehensive income:
Net income				1,270		1,270
Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax					(276)	(276)
Total comprehensive income						994
Compensation expense related to stock option grants			3			3
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	6,392	79,504	16,723	(574)	102,045
Comprehensive income:
Net income				1,802		1,802
Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax					(63)	(63)
Total comprehensive income						1,739
Share-based awards and exercises		9				9
Compensation expense related to stock option grants			272			272
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	6,401	79,776	18,525	(637)	104,065


					Accumulated
					Other
		Common		Retained	Comprehensive
(dollars in thousands)		Stock	Surplus	Earnings	Income (Loss)	Total
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	6,407	79,919	23,616	(390)	109,552
Comprehensive income:
Net income				2,006		2,006
Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax					373	373
Total comprehensive income						2,379
Compensation expense related to stock option grants			61			61
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	6,407	79,980	25,622	(17)	111,992
Comprehensive income:
Net income				2,022		2,022
Change in unrealized gains on securities available-for-sale, net of tax					222	222
Total comprehensive income						2,244
Compensation expense related to stock option grants			143			143
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	6,407	80,123	27,644	205	114,379

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Net income	$	4,028	3,072
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sale of investment securities		(139)	—
Depreciation and amortization		471	639
Provision for loan losses		233	967
Compensation expense for stock options		204	275
Net change in fair value of loans held for sale		136	(59)
Net change in fair value of derivative instruments		16	11
Gain on sale of OREO		—	(57)
SBA loan income		(515)	—
Proceeds from sale of loans		243,495	317,752
Loans originated for sale		(230,393)	(316,107)
Mortgage banking income		(11,229)	(12,133)
Increase in accrued interest receivable		(455)	(177)
Increase in other assets		(295)	(318)
Earnings from investment in life insurance		(144)	(151)
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (Footnote 1)		45	(181)
Increase in accrued interest payable		22	21
Increase in other liabilities (Footnote 1)		1,394	536
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities		6,874	(5,910)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Maturities, repayments and calls		5,231	2,375
Sales		16,665	—
Purchases		(18,816)	(4,958)
Proceeds from sale of OREO		—	494
Settlement of forward contracts		(61)	75
Decrease (increase) in restricted stock		1,130	(1,101)
Net increase in loans		(55,768)	(86,642)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(487)	(1,305)
Proceeds from settlement of loans		—	2,766
Net cash used in investing activities		(52,106)	(88,296)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits		88,584	56,141
(Decrease) increase in short term borrowings		(39,321)	33,976
Repayment of long term debt (Acquisition note)		(413)	(413)
Repayment of long term debt (Subordinated debt)		(63)	(4,000)
Proceeds from long term debt (FHLB advances)		3,123	—
Share based awards and exercises		—	9
Net cash provided by financing activities		51,910	85,713
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		6,678	(8,493)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		23,952	35,506
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	30,630	27,013
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	7,977	4,746
Income taxes		737	390
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Transfers from loans and leases to real estate owned		120	—
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment		3,602	—
Net loans sold, not settled		6,439	—

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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MERIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(1) Basis of Presentation

Meridian Corporation (the “Corporation”) was incorporated on June 8, 2009, by and at the direction of the board of directors of Meridian Bank (the “Bank”) for the sole purpose of acquiring the Bank and serving as the Bank’s parent bank holding company. On August 24, 2018, the Corporation acquired the Bank in a merger and reorganization effected under Pennsylvania law and in accordance with the terms of a Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated April 26, 2018 (the “Agreement”). Pursuant to the Agreement, on August 24, 2018 at 5:00 p.m. all of the outstanding shares of the Bank’s $1.00 par value common stock formerly held by its shareholders was converted into and exchanged for one newly issued share of the Corporation’s par value common stock, and the Bank became a subsidiary of the Corporation. Because the Bank and the Corporation were entities under common control, this exchange of shares between entities under common control resulted in the retrospective combination of the Bank and the Corporation for all periods presented as if the combination had been in effect since inception of common control. As the Corporation had no assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or operations prior to August 24, 2018, the historical financial statements of the Bank are the historical financial statements of the combined entity.

The Corporation’s unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been included.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts subject to significant estimates are items such as the allowance for loan losses and lending related commitments, the fair value of financial instruments, other-than-temporary impairments of investment securities, and the valuations of goodwill and intangible assets.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018) and, for periods prior to the completion of the holding company reorganization, the Bank’s filings with the FDIC, including the Bank’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ended December 31, 2019 or for any other period.

During the prior quarter, the Corporation identified and corrected an immaterial error related to Maryland state licensing requirements for mortgage loan originations by our Mortgage division. As the result of our mortgage operations not being fully compliant with Maryland licensing law, we agreed to reimburse consumers approximately $474 thousand in interest and certain fees on loans originated, in addition to paying a fine of $12 thousand to resolve the matter. The Corporation has revised its comparative consolidated financial statements in the amount of $407 thousand, $315 thousand net of tax, for periods prior to January 1, 2018 related to interest and fees on loans. The error correction impacted beginning retained earnings, deferred tax assets and other liabilities as of January 1, 2018, as shown below.

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The following table summarizes the impacts of the correction on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018:



(dollars in thousands, except per share data)		Reported	Corrections	Revised
Deferred income taxes	$	1,312	92	1,404
Other liabilities		5,426	407	5,833
Retained earnings		15,768	(315)	15,453

The following table summarizes the impacts of the correction on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018:


(dollars in thousands, except per share data)		Reported	Corrections	Revised
Deferred income taxes	$	1,636	92	1,728
Other liabilities		5,309	407	5,716
Retained earnings		23,931	(315)	23,616

The following table summarizes the impacts of the corrections to our capital ratios as of December 31, 2018:


	December 31, 2018 - as reported
							To be well capitalized under
				For capital adequacy			prompt corrective action
	Actual			purposes *			provisions
(dollars in thousands):	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	122,577	13.70%	$	71,577	8.00%	$	89,472	10.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		105,196	11.76%		40,262	4.50%		58,157	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		105,196	11.76%		53,683	6.00%		71,577	8.00%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		105,196	11.20%		37,578	4.00%		46,972	5.00%


	December 31, 2018 - as revised
							To be well capitalized under
				For capital adequacy			prompt corrective action
	Actual			purposes *			provisions
(dollars in thousands):	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	122,262	13.66%	$	88,362	9.88%	$	89,481	10.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		104,881	11.72%		57,044	6.38%		58,163	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		104,881	11.72%		70,466	7.88%		71,585	8.00%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		104,881	11.16%		37,581	4.00%		46,977	5.00%

*Includes capital conservation buffer of 2.50% for 2019 and 1.875% for 2018.

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(2) Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share takes into account the potential dilution computed pursuant to the treasury stock method that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock. The effects of stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be anti-dilutive.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders	$	2,022		1,802	$	4,028		3,072
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares outstanding		6,407		6,395		6,407		6,393
Effect of dilutive common shares		29		30		29		32
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		6,436		6,425		6,436		6,425
Basic earnings per share	$	0.32		0.28	$	0.63		0.48
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.31		0.28	$	0.63		0.48
Antidilutive shares excluded from computation of average dilutive earnings per share		197		113		197		113

(3) Goodwill and Other Intangibles

The Corporation’s goodwill and intangible assets related to the acquisition of HJ Wealth in April 2017 are detailed below:


	Balance			Balance	Amortization
	December 31,		Amortization	June 30,	Period
(dollars in thousands)	2018		Expense	2019	(in years)
Goodwill - Wealth	$	899	—	899	Indefinite
Total Goodwill		899	—	899

Intangible assets - trade name		266	—	266	Indefinite
Intangible assets - customer relationships		3,727	(103)	3,624	20
Intangible assets - non competition agreements		154	(34)	120	4
Total Intangible Assets		4,147	(137)	4,010
Total	$	5,046	(137)	4,909

Accumulated amortization on intangible assets was $597 thousand and $290 thousand as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Corporation performed its annual review of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” as of December 31, 2018. For the period from January 1, 2019 through June 30, 2019, the Corporation determined there were no events that would necessitate impairment testing of goodwill and other intangible assets.

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(4) Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of securities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:


	June 30, 2019
			Gross	Gross
	Amortized		unrealized	unrealized	Fair
(dollars in thousands)	cost		gains	losses	value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. asset backed securities	$	3,554	—	—	3,554
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities		12,658	92	(68)	12,682
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		27,295	277	(80)	27,492
State and municipal securities		3,769	26	—	3,795
Investments in mutual funds		1,000	6	—	1,006
Total securities available-for-sale	$	48,276	401	(148)	48,529
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. Treasuries	$	1,997	—	(2)	1,995
State and municipal securities		10,290	195	—	10,485
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	12,287	195	(2)	12,480


	December 31, 2018
			Gross	Gross
	Amortized		unrealized	unrealized	Fair
(dollars in thousands)	cost		gains	losses	value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	24,092	45	(271)	23,866
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		14,754	52	(142)	14,664
State and municipal securities		11,096	22	(199)	10,919
Investments in mutual funds		1,000	—	(21)	979
Total securities available-for-sale	$	50,942	119	(633)	50,428
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. Treasuries	$	1,991	—	(13)	1,978
State and municipal securities		10,750	17	(90)	10,677
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	12,741	17	(103)	12,655

At June 30, 2019, the Corporation had nine U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage‑backed securities, eight U.S. government sponsored agency collateralized mortgage obligations, and two U.S. treasuries in unrealized loss positions. At December 31, 2018, the Corporation had twenty-four U.S. government sponsored agency mortgage‑backed securities, twelve U.S. government sponsored agency collateralized mortgage obligations, twenty-six state and municipal securities, one mutual fund, and two U.S. treasuries in unrealized loss positions. Although the Corporation’s investment portfolio overall is in a net unrealized gain position at June 30, 2019, the temporary impairment in the above noted securities is primarily the result of changes in market interest rates subsequent to purchase and the Corporation does not intend to sell these securities prior to recovery and it is more likely than not that the Corporation will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery to satisfy liquidity needs, and therefore, no securities are deemed to be other‑than‑temporarily impaired.

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The following table shows the Corporation’s investment gross unrealized losses and fair value aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	June 30, 2019
	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or more		Total
	Fair		Unrealized	Fair	Unrealized	Fair	Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	value		losses	value	losses	value	losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	—	—	5,924	(68)	5,924	(68)
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		6,360	(37)	2,842	(43)	9,202	(80)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	6,360	(37)	8,766	(111)	15,126	(148)
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	—	1,995	(2)	1,995	(2)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	—	—	1,995	(2)	1,995	(2)


	December 31, 2018
	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or more		Total
	Fair		Unrealized	Fair	Unrealized	Fair	Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	value		losses	value	losses	value	losses
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	2,354	(6)	15,223	(265)	17,577	(271)
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		2,636	(14)	5,620	(128)	8,256	(142)
State and municipal securities		957	(11)	8,746	(188)	9,703	(199)
Investments in mutual funds		980	(21)	—	—	980	(21)
Total securities available-for-sale	$	6,927	(52)	29,589	(581)	36,516	(633)
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	—	1,978	(13)	1,978	(13)
State and municipal securities		1,545	(5)	4,783	(85)	6,328	(90)
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	1,545	(5)	6,761	(98)	8,306	(103)

The amortized cost and carrying value of securities at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are shown below by contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as issuers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	June 30, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Available-for-sale			Held-to-maturity		Available-for-sale			Held-to-maturity
	Amortized		Fair	Amortized	Fair	Amortized		Fair	Amortized	Fair
(dollars in thousands)	cost		value	cost	value	cost		value	cost	value
Investment securities:
Due in one year or less	$	—	—	1,997	1,995	$	906	902	1,991	1,978
Due after one year through five years		1,536	1,542	3,736	3,785		1,236	1,226	3,154	3,148
Due after five years through ten years		1,209	1,218	6,554	6,700		6,411	6,290	7,596	7,529
Due after ten years		4,578	4,589	—	—		2,543	2,501	—	—
Subtotal		7,323	7,349	12,287	12,480		11,096	10,919	12,741	12,655
Mortgage-related securities		39,953	40,174	—	—		38,846	38,530	—	—
Mutual funds with no stated maturity		1,000	1,006	—	—		1,000	979	—	—
Total	$	48,276	48,529	12,287	12,480	$	50,942	50,428	12,741	12,655

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(5) Loans Receivable

Loans and leases outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are detailed by category as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	39,288	37,695
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage		336,566	325,393
Home equity lines and loans		82,381	82,286
Residential mortgage (1)		56,551	53,360
Construction		143,572	116,906
Total real estate loans		619,070	577,945

Commercial and industrial		266,442	259,806
Consumer		650	701
Leases, net		964	1,335
Total portfolio loans and leases		887,126	839,787
Total loans and leases	$	926,414	877,482

Loans with predetermined rates	$	295,200	264,376
Loans with adjustable or floating rates		631,214	613,106
Total loans and leases	$	926,414	877,482

Net deferred loan origination (fees) costs	$	(1,954)	(1,681)

(1)

Includes $12,381 and $11,422 of loans at fair value as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Components of the net investment in leases at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are detailed as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Minimum lease payments receivable	$	1,016	1,420
Unearned lease income		(52)	(85)
Total	$	964	1,335

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Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases

The following tables present an aging of the Corporation’s loan and lease portfolio as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively:


						Total
			90+ days			Accruing	Nonaccrual
June 30, 2019	30-89 days		past due and	Total past		Loans and	loans and	Total loans	Delinquency
(dollars in thousands)	past due		still accruing	due	Current	leases	leases	and leases	percentage
Commercial mortgage	$	—	—	—	335,414	335,414	1,152	336,566	0.34	%
Home equity lines and loans		419	—	419	81,883	82,302	79	82,381	0.60
Residential mortgage (1)		193	—	193	54,337	54,530	2,021	56,551	3.92
Construction		303	—	303	143,242	143,545	27	143,572	0.23
Commercial and industrial		283	398	681	265,296	265,977	465	266,442	0.43
Consumer		—	—	—	650	650	—	650	—
Leases		134	—	134	830	964	—	964	13.90
Total	$	1,332	398	1,730	881,652	883,382	3,744	887,126	0.62	%

(1) Includes $12,381 of loans at fair value as of June 30, 2019 ($11,002 of current, $189 of 30-89 days past due and $1,190 of nonaccrual).


						Total
			90+ days			Accruing	Nonaccrual
December 31, 2018	30-89 days		past due and	Total past		Loans and	loans and	Total loans	Delinquency
(dollars in thousands)	past due		still accruing	due	Current	leases	leases	and leases	percentage
Commercial mortgage	$	—	—	—	324,169	324,169	1,224	325,393	0.38	%
Home equity lines and loans		348	—	348	81,855	82,203	83	82,286	0.52
Residential mortgage (1)		195	—	195	51,018	51,213	2,147	53,360	4.39
Construction		—	—	—	116,906	116,906	—	116,906	—
Commercial and industrial		217	—	217	259,112	259,329	477	259,806	0.27
Consumer		—	—	—	701	701	—	701	—
Leases		49	—	49	1,286	1,335	—	1,335	3.67
Total	$	809	—	809	835,047	835,856	3,931	839,787	0.56	%

(1) Includes $11,422 of loans at fair value as of December 31, 2018 ($10,098 of current, $187 of 30-89 days past due and $1,137 of nonaccrual).

(6) Allowance for Loan Losses (the “Allowance”)

The Allowance is established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the Allowance, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the Allowance.

The Allowance is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that are probable and estimable. Management’s periodic evaluation of the adequacy of the Allowance is based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available.

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Roll-Forward of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the roll‑forward of the Corporation’s Allowance, by portfolio segment, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:


	Balance,					Balance,
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision	June 30, 2019
Commercial mortgage	$	3,163	—	2	32	3,197
Home Equity lines and loans		341	—	5	8	354
Residential mortgage		212	—	2	(14)	200
Construction		1,802	—	—	231	2,033
Commercial and industrial		2,846	—	225	(241)	2,830
Consumer		4	—	1	(1)	4
Leases		8	—	—	(1)	7
Total	$	8,376	—	235	14	8,625


	Balance,					Balance,
(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018		Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision	June 30, 2019
Commercial mortgage	$	3,209	—	4	(16)	3,197
Home Equity lines and loans		323	—	8	23	354
Residential mortgage		191	—	2	7	200
Construction		1,627	—	—	406	2,033
Commercial and industrial		2,690	—	323	(183)	2,830
Consumer		3	—	2	(1)	4
Leases		10	—	—	(3)	7
Total	$	8,053	—	339	233	8,625


	Balance,					Balance,
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2018		Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision	June 30, 2018
Commercial mortgage	$	2,566	—	2	443	3,011
Home Equity lines and loans		262	(71)	2	76	269
Residential mortgage		127	—	61	(22)	166
Construction		1,861	—	—	(423)	1,438
Commercial and industrial		2,315	(114)	17	341	2,559
Consumer		3	—	1	(1)	3
Leases		4	—	—	(1)	3
Total	$	7,138	(185)	83	413	7,449


	Balance,					Balance,
(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2017		Charge-offs	Recoveries	Provision	June 30, 2018
Commercial mortgage	$	2,434	—	4	573	3,011
Home Equity lines and loans		280	(137)	4	122	269
Residential mortgage		82	—	61	23	166
Construction		1,689	—	—	(251)	1,438
Commercial and industrial		2,214	(194)	33	506	2,559
Consumer		5	—	2	(4)	3
Leases		5	—	—	(2)	3
Total	$	6,709	(331)	104	967	7,449

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Allocated by Portfolio Segment

The following tables detail the allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the carrying value for loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the methodology used to evaluate the loans and leases for impairment as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


	Allowance on loans and leases				Carrying value of loans and leases
	Individually		Collectively		Individually		Collectively
June 30, 2019	evaluated		evaluated		evaluated		evaluated
(dollars in thousands)	for impairment		for impairment	Total	for impairment		for impairment	Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	3,197	3,197	$	1,842	334,724	336,566
Home Equity lines and loans		—	354	354		79	82,302	82,381
Residential mortgage		—	200	200		857	43,313	44,170
Construction		—	2,033	2,033		1,278	142,294	143,572
Commercial and industrial		172	2,658	2,830		1,438	265,004	266,442
Consumer		—	4	4		—	650	650
Leases		—	7	7		—	964	964
Total	$	172	8,453	8,625	$	5,494	869,251	874,745	(1)


	Allowance on loans and leases				Carrying value of loans and leases
	Individually		Collectively		Individually		Collectively
December 31, 2018	evaluated		evaluated		evaluated		evaluated
(dollars in thousands)	for impairment		for impairment	Total	for impairment		for impairment	Total
Commercial mortgage	$	—	3,209	3,209	$	1,929	323,464	325,393
Home Equity lines and loans		—	323	323		83	82,203	82,286
Residential mortgage		—	191	191		969	40,969	41,938
Construction		—	1,627	1,627		1,281	115,625	116,906
Commercial and industrial		103	2,587	2,690		1,537	258,269	259,806
Consumer		—	3	3		—	701	701
Leases		—	10	10		—	1,335	1,335
Total	$	103	7,950	8,053	$	5,799	822,566	828,365	(1)

(1)

Excludes deferred fees and loans carried at fair value.

Loans and Leases by Credit Ratings

As part of the process of determining the Allowance to the different segments of the loan and lease portfolio, management considers certain credit quality indicators. For the commercial mortgage, construction and commercial and industrial loan segments, periodic reviews of the individual loans are performed by management. The results of these reviews are reflected in the risk grade assigned to each loan. These internally assigned grades are as follows:

Pass - Loans considered to be satisfactory with no indications of deterioration.

Special mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of

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currently existing factors, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loan balances classified as doubtful have been reduced by partial charge-offs and are carried at their net realizable values.

The following tables detail the carrying value of loans and leases by portfolio segment based on the credit quality indicators used to determine the allowance for loan and lease losses as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


June 30, 2019			Special
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		mention	Substandard	Doubtful	Total
Commercial mortgage	$	330,710	2,064	3,792	—	336,566
Home equity lines and loans		82,218	—	163	—	82,381
Construction		140,739	2,806	27	—	143,572
Commercial and industrial		241,906	4,876	19,630	30	266,442
Total	$	795,573	9,746	23,612	30	828,961


December 31, 2018			Special
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		mention	Substandard	Doubtful	Total
Commercial mortgage	$	320,130	3,713	1,550	—	325,393
Home equity lines and loans		82,121	—	165	—	82,286
Construction		114,249	2,657	—	—	116,906
Commercial and industrial		239,181	12,620	7,975	30	259,806
Total	$	755,681	18,990	9,690	30	784,391

In addition to credit quality indicators as shown in the above tables, allowance allocations for residential mortgages, consumer loans and leases are also applied based on their performance status as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. No troubled debt restructurings performing according to modified terms are included in performing residential mortgages below as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


	June 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Performing		Nonperforming	Total	Performing		Nonperforming	Total
Residential mortgage	$	43,313	857	44,170	$	40,969	969	41,938
Consumer		650	—	650		701	—	701
Leases		964	—	964		1,335	—	1,335
Total	$	44,927	857	45,784	$	43,005	969	43,974

There were six nonperforming residential mortgage loans at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 with a combined outstanding principal balance of $1.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which were carried at fair value and not included in the table above.

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Impaired Loans

The following tables detail the recorded investment and principal balance of impaired loans by portfolio segment, their related allowance for loan and lease losses and interest income recognized for the periods.


	At June 30, 2019					At December 31, 2018
					Average				Average
	Recorded		Principal	Related	recorded	Recorded	Principal	Related	recorded
(dollars in thousands)	investment		balance	allowance	investment	investment	balance	allowance	investment
Impaired loans with related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	$	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Commercial and industrial		666	669	172	671	676	679	103	680
Home equity lines and loans		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Residential mortgage		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Construction		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total		666	669	172	671	676	679	103	680
Impaired loans without related allowance:
Commercial mortgage	$	1,842	2,335	—	1,890	1,929	2,379	—	1,982
Commercial and industrial		772	859	—	794	861	945	—	885
Home equity lines and loans		79	89	—	81	83	89	—	84
Residential mortgage		857	857	—	857	969	978	—	978
Construction		1,278	1,278	—	1,287	1,281	1,281	—	1,293
Total		4,828	5,418	—	4,909	5,123	5,672	—	5,222
Grand Total	$	5,494	6,087	172	5,580	5,799	6,351	103	5,902

Interest income recognized on performing impaired loans amounted to $53 thousand and $73 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $102 thousand and $125 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructuring

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” (“TDR”) if both of the following conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. The most common concessions granted include one or more modifications to the terms of the debt, such as (a) a reduction in the interest rate for the remaining life of the debt, (b) an extension of the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, (c) a temporary period of interest-only payments, (d) a reduction in the contractual payment amount for either a short period or remaining term of the loan, and (e) for leases, a reduced lease payment. A less common concession granted is the forgiveness of a portion of the principal.

The determination of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties takes into account not only the current financial condition of the borrower, but also the potential financial condition of the borrower were a concession not granted. The determination of whether a concession has been granted is subjective in nature. For example, simply extending the term of a loan at its original interest rate or even at a higher interest rate could be interpreted as a concession unless the borrower could readily obtain similar credit terms from a different lender.

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The balance of TDRs at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:


	June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
TDRs included in nonperforming loans and leases	$	1,160	1,219
TDRs in compliance with modified terms		2,914	3,047
Total TDRs	$	4,074	4,266

There were no loan and lease modifications granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 that were categorized as TDRs.

The following table presents information regarding loan and lease modifications granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 that were categorized as TDRs:


	For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
		Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
		Outstanding		Outstanding
	Number of	Recorded		Recorded		Related
(dollar in thousands)	Contracts	Investment		Investment		Allowance
Real Estate:
Land and Construction	1		1,614		1,614		—
Commercial and industrial	1		120		120		—
Total	2	$	1,734	$	1,734	$	—

No loan and lease modifications granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 subsequently defaulted during the same time period.

The following table presents information regarding the number of contracts by type of loan and lease modifications granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018:


	For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
		Interest Rate
	Loan Term	Change and Loan
	Extension	Term Extension
Real Estate:
Land and Construction	1	—
Commercial and industrial	—	1
Total	1	1

(7) Short-Term Borrowings and Long‑Term Debt

The Corporation’s short‑term borrowings generally consist of federal funds purchased and short‑term borrowings extended under agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLB”). The Corporation has two unsecured Federal Funds borrowing facilities with correspondent banks: one of $24 million and one of $15 million. Federal funds purchased generally represent one-day borrowings. The Corporation had no Federal funds purchased at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Corporation also has a facility with the Federal Reserve discount window of $9.6 million. This facility is fully secured by investment securities and loans. There were no borrowings under this facility at June 30, 2019 or at December 31, 2018.

Short‑term borrowings as of June 30, 2019 consisted of short‑term advances from the FHLB of Pittsburgh in the amount of $71.9 million with interest at 2.46%, and $3.1 million with an original term of 3 years with interest at 2.03%.

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Short‑term borrowings as of December 31, 2018 consisted of short-term advances from the FHLB of Pittsburgh in the amount of $112.5 million with interest at 2.62%, and $1.8 million with an original term of 4 years and interest at 1.70%.

Long‑term debt at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consisted of the following fixed rate notes with the FHLB and the acquisition purchase note for the Wealth division:


				Balance as of
	Maturity	Interest		June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	date	rate		2019		2018
Mid-term Repo-fixed	08/10/20	2.76	%		5,000	5,000
Mid-term Repo-fixed	06/28/21	1.88	%		3,123	—
Acquisition Purchase Note	04/01/20	3.00	%		825	1,238
Total				$	8,948	6,238

The FHLB of Pittsburgh has also issued $79.8 million of letters of credit to the Corporation for the benefit of the Corporation’s public deposit funds and loan customers. These letters of credit expire by June 19, 2020. The Corporation has a maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB of $477.7 million as of June 30, 2019 and $437.2 million as of December 31, 2018. All advances and letters of credit from the FHLB are secured by a blanket lien on non-pledged, mortgage-related loans and securities as part of the Corporation’s borrowing agreement with the FHLB.

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

The Corporation has issued stock options under the Meridian Bank 2004 Stock Option Plan (2004 Plan). The 2004 Plan authorized the Board of Directors to grant options up to an aggregate of 446,091 shares, as adjusted for the 5% stock dividends in 2012, 2014 and 2016 to officers, other employees and directors of the Corporation. No additional shares are available for future grants. The shares granted under the 2004 Plan to directors are nonqualified options. The shares granted under the 2004 Plan to officers and other employees are incentive stock options, and are subject to the limitations under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Corporation has issued stock options under the Meridian Bank 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (2016 Plan), which was amended on May 24, 2018 to authorize the Board of Directors to grant options up to an aggregate of 686,900 shares, adjusted for the 2016 5% stock dividend. A total of 128,450 shares have been granted under the 2016 plan through December 31, 2018. Shares granted under the 2016 Plan to directors are nonqualified options, while shares granted to officers and other employees are incentive stock options, and are subject to the limitations under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period. The fair value of stock option grants is determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model. The assumptions necessary for the calculation of the fair value are expected life of options, annual volatility of stock price, risk-free interest rate and annual dividend yield.

All awards granted under the 2004 and 2016 Plan’s have a term that does not exceed ten years and vest 25% upon grant and become fully exercisable after three years of service from the grant date.

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The following table provides information about options outstanding for the three months ended June 30, 2019:


		Weighted		Weighted
		Average		Average
		Exercise		Grant Date
	Shares	Price		Fair Value
Outstanding at March 31, 2019	275,070	$	15.88	$	4.46
Granted	71,000		17.01		4.89
Outstanding at June 30, 2019	346,070		16.11		4.55
Exercisable at June 30, 2019	233,522		15.43		4.34
Nonvested at June 30, 2019	112,548	$	17.53	$	4.99

The following table provides information about options outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2019:


		Weighted		Weighted
		Average		Average
		Exercise		Grant Date
	Shares	Price		Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	274,070	$	15.88	$	4.46
Granted	72,000		17.01		4.90
Outstanding at June 30, 2019	346,070		16.11		4.55
Exercisable at June 30, 2019	233,522		15.43		4.34
Nonvested at June 30, 2019	112,548	$	17.53	$	4.99

The weighted average remaining contractual life of the outstanding stock options at June 30, 2019 is 7.7 years. The range of exercise prices is $9.88 to $19.00. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $442 thousand as of June 30, 2019.

The fair value of each option granted in 2019 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 0.0%, risk‑free interest rate of between 1.95% and 2.61%, expected life of 5.75 years, and expected volatility of between 22.44% and 22.48% based on an average of the Corporation’s share price since going public and the expected volatility of similar public financial institutions in the Corporation’s market area for the period before the Corporation went public. The weighted average fair value of options granted in 2019 was $4.89 to $5.30 per share.

The fair value of each option granted in 2018 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield of 0.0%, risk‑free interest rate of 2.86%, expected life of 5.75 years, and expected volatility of 26.11% based on an average of the Bank’s share price since going public and the expected volatility of similar public financial institutions in the Bank’s market area for the period before the Bank went public. The weighted average fair value of options granted in 2018 was $5.52 per share.

Total stock compensation cost for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $144 thousand and $272 thousand, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $204 thousand and $275 thousand, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, there were no tax benefits recognized related to stock compensation cost.

In accordance with ASU 2016-09, forfeitures are recognized as they occur instead of applying an estimated forfeiture rate to each grant. For purposes of the determination of stock-based compensation expense for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, there were no forfeitures.

As of June 30, 2019, there was $512 thousand of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options. This cost will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.55 years.

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(9) Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

The Corporation uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Corporation’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation techniques or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

In accordance with this guidance, the Corporation groups its financial assets and financial liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

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For financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:


	June 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	12,682	—	12,682	—
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		27,492	—	27,492	—
State and municipal securities		3,795	—	3,795	—
Investments in mutual funds and other equity securities		4,560	—	4,560	—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale		39,288	—	39,288	—
Mortgage loans held-for-investment		12,381	—	12,381	—
Interest rate lock commitments		375	—	—	375
Customer derivatives - Interest rate swaps		365	—	365	—
Total	$	100,938	—	100,563	375


	December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Securities available for sale:
U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities	$	23,866	—	23,866	—
U.S. government agency collateralized mortgage obligations		14,664	—	14,664	—
State and municipal securities		10,919	—	10,919	—
Investments in mutual funds and other equity securities		979	—	979	—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale		37,695	—	37,695	—
Mortgage loans held-for-investment		11,422	—	11,422	—
Interest rate lock commitments		310	—	—	310
Customer derivatives - Interest rate swaps		141	—	141	—
Total	$	99,996	—	99,686	310

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:


	June 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Impaired loans (1)	$	5,322	—	—	5,322
Other real estate owned (2)		120	—	—	120
Total	$	5,442	—	—	5,442


	December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Impaired loans (1)	$	5,799	—	—	5,799
Other real estate owned (2)		—	—	—	—
Total	$	5,799	—	—	5,799

(1)

Impaired loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input is significant to the fair value measurements.

(2)

Real estate properties acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure are to be sold and are carried at fair value less estimated cost to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices or appraised value of the property. These assets are included in Level 3 fair value based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Appraised values may be discounted based on management’s expertise, historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation and/or estimated costs to sell.

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Below is management’s estimate of the fair value of all financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value on the Corporation’s balance sheet. The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Corporation since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Corporation’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of the Corporation’s financial instruments:

(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and short‑term instruments approximate those assets’ fair values.

(b) Securities

The fair value of securities available‑for‑sale (carried at fair value) and held to maturity (carried at amortized cost) are determined by matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices.

The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on secondary market prices.

(d) Loans Receivable

The fair value of loans receivable is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate‑risk inherent in the loans. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. Generally, for variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value below is not reflective of an exit price.

(e) Mortgage Loans Held for Investment

The fair value of mortgage loans held for investment is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data.

(f) Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are those in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third‑party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as Level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.

(g) Restricted Investment in Bank Stock

The carrying amount of restricted investment in bank stock approximates fair value, and considers the limited marketability of such securities.

(h) Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates its fair value.

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(i) Deposit Liabilities

The fair values disclosed for demand deposits (e.g., interest and noninterest checking, passbook savings and money market accounts) are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values for fixed‑rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered in the market on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits.

(j) Short‑Term Borrowings

The carrying amounts of short‑term borrowings approximate their fair values.

(k) Long‑Term Debt

Fair values of FHLB advances and the acquisition purchase note payable are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on quoted prices for new FHLB advances with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity. These prices obtained from this active market represent a market value that is deemed to represent the transfer price if the liability were assumed by a third party.

(l) Subordinated Debt

Fair values of junior subordinated debt are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on market rates currently offered on such debt with similar credit risk characteristics, terms and remaining maturity.

(m) Off‑Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet instruments are primarily comprised of loan commitments, which are generally priced at market at the time of funding. Fees on commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit are deemed to be immaterial and these instruments are expected to be settled at face value or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these instruments and as a result they are not included in the table below. Fair values assigned to the notional value of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts are based on market quotes.

(n) Derivative Financial Instruments

The fair value of forward commitments and interest rate swaps is based on market pricing and therefore are considered Level 2. Derivatives classified as Level 3 consist of interest rate lock commitments related to mortgage loan commitments. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan, which is a significant unobservable assumption. A significant increase or decrease in the external market price would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

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The estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are as follows:


		June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	Fair Value	Carrying			Carrying
(dollars in thousands)	Hierarchy Level	amount		Fair value	amount	Fair value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	30,630	30,630	23,952	23,952
Securities available-for-sale	Level 2		48,529	48,529	50,428	50,428
Securities held-to-maturity	Level 2		12,287	12,480	12,741	12,655
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	Level 2		39,288	39,288	37,695	37,695
Loans receivable, net	Level 3		864,166	886,636	818,631	820,512
Mortgage loans held-for-investment	Level 2		12,381	12,381	11,422	11,422
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3		375	375	310	310
Forward commitments	Level 2		4	4	—	—
Restricted investment in bank stock	Level 3		5,872	5,872	7,002	7,002
Accrued interest receivable	Level 3		3,344	3,344	2,889	2,889
Customer derivatives - Interest rate swaps	Level 2		365	365	141	141
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	Level 2		840,714	857,000	752,130	744,300
Short-term borrowings	Level 2		74,979	74,979	114,300	114,300
Long-term debt	Level 2		8,948	8,950	6,238	6,240
Subordinated debentures	Level 2		9,176	9,687	9,239	9,396
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		327	327	305	305
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 3		71	71	40	40
Forward commitments	Level 2		203	203	176	176
Customer derivatives - Interest rate swaps	Level 2		410	410	161	161

		Notional			Notional
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:		amount		Fair value	amount	Fair value
Commitments to extend credit	Level 2	$	320,123	375	290,614	310
Letters of credit	Level 2		9,478	—	5,158	—

The following table includes a rollforward of interest rate lock commitments for which the Corporation utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value on a recurring basis for the three and six month peiods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.


	Three Months Ended June 30,			Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018	2019		2018
Balance at beginning of the period	$	329	586	$	310	344
(Decrease) increase in value		46	(80)		65	162
Balance at end of the period	$	375	506	$	375	506

Significant

Valuation Techniques for Level 3 interest rate lock

Fair Value

Unobservable

Range of

Weighted

commitments as of June 30, 2019

Level 3

Valuation Technique

Input

Inputs

Average

Interest rate lock commitments

375

Market comparable pricing

Pull through

1 - 99

89.54

A realized loss of $16 thousand and a realized gain of $138 thousand due to changes in the fair value of interest rate lock commitments which are classified as Level 3 assets and liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and realized losses of $34 thousand and $114 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are recorded in non-interest income as net change in the fair value of derivative instruments in the Corporation’s consolidated statements of income.

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(10) Derivative Financial Instruments

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Corporation’s lending function.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sales or purchases of mortgage-backed securities to or from third-party counterparties to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the values of both the interest rate locks and mortgage loans held for sale. Forward sales commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans or interest rate locks at a fixed price at a future date. The amount necessary to settle each interest rate lock is based on the price that secondary market investors would pay for loans with similar characteristics, including interest rate and term, as of the date fair value is measured. Interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments are recorded within other assets/liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair values during the period recorded within net change in the fair value of derivative instruments on the unaudited consolidated statements of income.

Customer Derivatives – Interest Rate Swaps

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers to swap a fixed rate product for a variable rate product, or vice versa. The Corporation executes interest rate derivatives with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate derivatives are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net interest rate risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

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The following table presents a summary of the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments:


		June 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Line Item	Notional Amount		Asset (Liability) Fair Value	Notional Amount	Asset (Liability) Fair Value
Interest Rate Lock Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets	$	50,137	375	27,188	310
Negative fair values	Other liabilities		12,076	(71)	6,218	(40)
Total			62,213	304	33,406	270

Forward Commitments
Positive fair values	Other assets		4,000	4	—	—
Negative fair values	Other liabilities		48,000	(203)	26,500	(176)
Total			52,000	(199)	26,500	(176)

Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps
Positive fair values	Other assets		3,303	365	3,330	141
Negative fair values	Other liabilities		3,303	(410)	3,330	(161)
Total			6,606	(45)	6,660	(20)
Total derivative financial instruments		$	120,819	60	66,566	74

Interest rate lock commitments are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, while the forward commitments and interest rate swaps are considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents a summary of the fair value gains and losses on derivative financial instruments:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		2019	2018
Interest Rate Lock Commitments	$	16	(138)	$	34	114
Forward Commitments		(31)	(80)		(23)	(125)
Customer Derivatives - Interest Rate Swaps		(17)	—		(27)	—
Net fair value gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments	$	(32)	(218)	$	(16)	(11)

Realized gains/(losses) on derivatives were ($218) thousand and $4 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and ($493) and $704 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in other non-interest income in the unaudited consolidated statements of income.

(11) Segments

ASC Topic 280 – Segment Reporting identifies operating segments as components of an enterprise which are evaluated regularly by the Corporation’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, our Chief Executive Officer, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Corporation has applied the aggregation criterion set forth in this codification to the results of its operations.

Our Banking segment consists of commercial and retail banking. The Banking segment generates interest income from its lending (including leasing) and investing activities and is dependent on the gathering of lower cost deposits from its branch network or borrowed funds from other sources for funding its loans, resulting in the generation of net interest income. The Banking segment also derives revenues from other sources including gains on the sale of available for sale investment securities, gains on the sale of loans, service charges on deposit accounts, cash sweep fees, overdraft fees, BOLI income.

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Meridian Wealth Partners (“Wealth”), a registered investment advisor and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides a comprehensive array of wealth management services and products and the trusted guidance to help its clients and our banking customers prepare for the future. The unit generates non-interest income through advisory fees.

Meridian’s mortgage banking segment (“Mortgage”) consists of one central loan production facility and several loan production offices located throughout the Delaware Valley. The Mortgage segment originates 1 – 4 family residential mortgages and sells all of its production, including servicing to third party investors. The unit generates net interest income on the loans it originates, earns margin income (primarily gain on sales), as well as other fee income.

The table below summarizes income and expenses, directly attributable to each business line, which has been included in the statement of operations.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019					Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth	Mortgage	Total	Bank		Wealth	Mortgage	Total
Net interest income	$	8,855	26	41	8,922	$	7,964	62	120	8,146
Provision for loan losses		14	—	—	14		413	—	—	413
Net interest income after provision		8,841	26	41	8,908		7,551	62	120	7,733

Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income		62	—	6,259	6,321		13	—	7,299	7,312
Wealth management income		33	879	—	912		62	926	—	988
SBA income		515	—	—	515		—	—	—	—
Net change in fair values		(16)	—	(152)	(168)		—	—	(171)	(171)
Other		498	—	(150)	348		459	—	80	539
Total non-interest income		1,092	879	5,957	7,928		534	926	7,208	8,668

Non-interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits		4,066	551	4,125	8,742		3,634	439	5,309	9,382
Occupancy and equipment		534	30	372	936		544	37	409	990
Professional fees		391	9	309	709		304	3	170	477
Advertising and promotion		484	90	156	730		361	110	160	631
Other		1,757	137	1,233	3,127		1,345	156	1,093	2,594
Total non-interest expense		7,232	817	6,195	14,244		6,188	745	7,141	14,074

Operating Margin	$	2,701	88	(197)	2,592	$	1,897	243	187	2,327

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	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019					Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Bank		Wealth	Mortgage	Total	Bank		Wealth	Mortgage	Total
Net interest income	$	17,234	64	100	17,398	$	15,490	146	202	15,838
Provision for loan losses		233	—	—	233		967	—	—	967
Net interest income after provision		17,001	64	100	17,165		14,523	146	202	14,871

Non-interest Income
Mortgage banking income		101	—	11,128	11,229		43	—	12,090	12,133
Wealth management income		78	1,698	—	1,776		90	1,976	—	2,066
SBA income		515	—	—	515					—
Net change in fair values		(28)	—	290	262		—	—	(138)	(138)
Other		877	—	(284)	593		773	—	890	1,663
Total non-interest income		1,543	1,698	11,134	14,375		906	1,976	12,842	15,724

Non-interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits		7,739	1,117	7,613	16,469		7,126	928	9,764	17,818
Occupancy and equipment		1,057	60	782	1,899		1,078	70	802	1,950
Professional fees		706	9	465	1,180		735	11	210	956
Advertising and promotion		740	167	289	1,196		616	208	388	1,212
Other		3,155	285	2,176	5,616		2,568	299	1,833	4,700
Total non-interest expense		13,397	1,638	11,325	26,360		12,123	1,516	12,997	26,636

Operating Margin	$	5,147	124	(91)	5,180	$	3,306	606	47	3,959

(12) Recent Litigation

On November 21, 2017, three former employees of the mortgage-banking division of the Bank filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Juan Jordan et al. v. Meridian Bank, Thomas Campbell and Christopher Annas, against the Bank purporting to be a class and collective action seeking unpaid and overtime wages under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the New Jersey Wage and Hour Law, and the Pennsylvania Minimum Wage Act of 1968 on behalf of similarly situated plaintiffs. In June 2019, plaintiffs’ counsel and the Bank agreed to move forward with non-binding mediation. Although the Bank believes it had strong and meritorious defenses, given the expense and inconvenience of litigation, on July 24, 2019 through mediation, the Bank reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle this litigation for $990 thousand in total. The Bank had a litigation reserve of $325 thousand at March 31, 2019 and expensed an additional $665 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The parties are negotiating the definitive settlement agreement that will conclude this matter, which will need to be approved by the Court.

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(13) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

As an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”), Meridian Corporation is permitted an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of $1,070,000,000 or more, (ii) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt and (iv) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our equity securities that are held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of that year. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included herein, as well as any financial statements that we file in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for the transition period for so long as we remain an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act. If we do so, we will prominently disclose this decision in the first periodic report following our decision, and such decision is irrevocable. As a filer under the JOBS Act, we will implement new accounting standards subject to the effective dates required for non-public entities.

FASB ASU 2014‑09 (Topic 606), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

Issued in May 2014, ASU 2014‑09 will require an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers using a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of the contracts. In August 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2015‑14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date. This amendment defers the effective date of ASU 2014‑09 by one year. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016‑ 08”, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Gross versus Net),” which amends the principal versus agent guidance and clarifies that the analysis must focus on whether the entity has control of the goods or services before they are transferred to the customer. In addition, the FASB issued ASU Nos. 2016‑20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and 2016‑12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients”, both of which provide additional clarification of certain provisions in Topic 606. These Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) updates are effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, but early adoption is permitted. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods after December 15, 2016. The standard permits the use of either the ‘retrospective’ or ‘retrospectively with the cumulative effect’ transition method. For non-public companies, the ASC updates are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Corporation’s revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income. The scope of the guidance excludes nearly all net interest income as well as many other revenues for financial assets and liabilities including loans, leases, securities, and derivatives. The Corporation performed a review and determined that the majority of non-interest income revenue streams are within the scope of the new standard. Non-interest income streams that are out of scope of the new standard include BOLI, sales of investment securities, mortgage banking activities, and certain items within service charges and other income. Management is finalizing a review of contracts related to service charges on deposits, investment advisory commissions and fee income, and certain items within other service charges and other income. Management is currently assessing the potential impact of ASU. The Corporation will adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2019.

FASB ASU 2017-05 (Topic 610), “Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets”

Issued in February 2017, ASU 2017-05 provides clarification of the scope of ASC 610-20. Specifically, the new guidance clarifies that ASC 610-20 applies to nonfinancial assets which do not meet the definition of a business or not-for-profit activity. Further, the new guidance clarifies that a financial asset is within the scope of ASC 610-20 if it meets the definition of an in-substance nonfinancial asset which is defined as a financial asset promised to a counterparty in a contract where substantially all of the assets promised are nonfinancial. Finally, the new guidance clarifies that each distinct nonfinancial asset and insubstance nonfinancial asset should be derecognized when the

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counterparty obtains control of it. Management is currently assessing the potential impact of ASU. The Corporation will adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2019.

FASB ASU 2017‑01 (Topic 805), “Business Combinations”

Issued in January 2017, ASU 2017‑01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. ASU 2017‑01 is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 including interim periods within those periods, while for non-public companies the ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Corporation will adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2019 and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU 2016‑15 (Topic 320), “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”

Issued in August 2016, ASU 2016‑15 provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues and their disclosure in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The issues addressed include debt prepayment, settlement of zero-coupon debt, contingent consideration in business combinations, proceeds from settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from settlement of BOLI, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the Predominance principle. ASU 2016‑15 is effective for public companies for the annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. For non-public companies ASU 2016‑15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Corporation will adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2019 and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

FASB ASU 2016‑13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”

Issued in June 2016, ASU 2016‑13 significantly changes how companies measure and recognize credit impairment for many financial assets. This ASU requires businesses and other organizations to measure the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) on financial assets, such as loans, net investments in leases, certain debt securities, bond insurance and other receivables. The amendments affect entities holding financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. Current GAAP requires an incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses that delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The amendments in this ASU replace the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonableness and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. An entity should apply the amendments through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (modified retrospective approach). Acquired credit impaired loans for which the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 310-30 has been previously applied should prospectively apply the guidance in this ASU. A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the effective date. ASU 2016‑13 is effective for public companies for the annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. For non-public companies the ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021, or January 1, 2022 for the Corporation. The Corporation has assembled a cross-functional team from Finance, Credit, and IT that is leading the implementation efforts to evaluate the impact of this guidance on the Corporation's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures, internal systems, accounting policies, processes and related internal controls.

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FASB ASU 2016‑02 (Topic 842), “Leases”

Issued in February 2016, ASU 2016‑02 revises the accounting related to lessee accounting. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. The new lease guidance also simplifies the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions primarily because lessees must recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. ASU 2016‑02 is effective for public companies for the first interim period within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. For non-public companies the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020. In July 2018 ASU 2018-11 was issued which creates a new, optional transition method for implementing ASU 2016-02 and a lessor practical expedient for separating lease and non-lease components and has the same effective date as ASU 2016-02. Under the optional transition method of ASU 2018-11, the Corporation may initially apply the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Corporation is evaluating the effects that ASU 2016‑02 and ASU 2018-11 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures and expects to adopt these ASU’s as of December 31, 2020.

FASB ASU 2016‑01 (Subtopic 825‑10), “Financial Instruments – Overall, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”

Issued in January 2016, ASU 2016‑01 provides that equity investments will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. When fair value is not readily determinable, an entity may elect to measure the equity investment at cost, minus impairment, plus or minus any change in the investment’s observable price. For financial liabilities that are measured at fair value, the amendment requires an entity to present separately, in other comprehensive income, any change in fair value resulting from a change in instrument-specific credit risk. For public companies, ASU 2016‑01 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For non-public companies the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within the fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may apply this guidance on a prospective or retrospective basis. ASU 2018‑03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825‑10) clarifies certain aspects of ASU 2016‑01 and has the same effective dates for non-public companies. The Corporation is evaluating the effects that ASU 2016‑01 and ASU 2018‑03 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures upon our adoption as of December 31, 2019.

FASB ASU 2017‑08 (Subtopic 310‑20), “Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310‑20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities”

Issued in March 2017, ASU 2017‑08 shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendment requires the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendment does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. For non-public companies the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within the fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020. The Corporation is evaluating the effect that ASU 2017‑08 will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures upon our adoption as of December 31, 2019.

FASB ASU 2017‑12 (Subtopic 815), “Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”

Issued in August 2017, ASU 2017‑12 better aligns hedge accounting with an organization’s risk management activities in the financial statements. In addition, the ASU simplifies the application of hedge accounting guidance in areas where practice issues exist. Specifically, the proposed ASU eases the requirements for effectiveness testing,

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hedge documentation and application of the shortcut and the critical terms match methods. Entities would be permitted to designate contractually specified components as the hedged risk in a cash flow hedge involving the purchase or sale of nonfinancial assets or variable rate financial instruments. In addition, entities would no longer separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness. Also, entities, may choose refined measurement techniques to determine the changes in fair value of the hedged item in fair value hedges of benchmark interest rate risk. For public business entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2020. Early application is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU for existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption and the effect of adoption should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption (that is, the initial application date). The Corporation has evaluated ASU 2017‑12, and has determined it has no current hedging strategies for which it plans to implement the ASU but we will consider the impact of the ASU on future hedging strategies that may arise.

FASB ASU 2018-16 (Subtopic 815), “Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes”

In October 2018 ASU 2018-16 was issued. The new guidance applies to all entities that elect to apply hedge accounting to benchmark interest rate hedges under Topic 815. It permits the use of the OIS rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes in addition to the existing applicable rates. The guidance is required to be adopted concurrently with ASU 2017-12, on a prospective basis for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after adoption. The Corporation will adopt this ASU as of December 31, 2020 and does not anticipate the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 10‑K”) included in Meridian Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Meridian Corporation (the “Corporation”) may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Meridian Corporation’s strategies, goals, beliefs, expectations, estimates, intentions, capital raising efforts, financial condition and results of operations, future performance and business. Statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “pro forma,” “looking forward,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” or similar expressions generally indicate a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various important factors (some of which, in whole or in part, are beyond Meridian Corporation’s control). Numerous competitive, economic, regulatory, legal and technological factors, among others, could cause Meridian Corporation’s financial performance to differ materially from the goals, plans, objectives, intentions and expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. Meridian Corporation cautions that the foregoing factors are not exclusive, and neither such factors nor any such forward-looking statement takes into account the impact of any future events. All forward-looking statements and information set forth herein are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions as of the date hereof and speak only as of the date they are made. For a more complete discussion of the assumptions, risks and uncertainties related to our business, you are encouraged to review Meridian Corporation’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018) and, for periods prior to the completion of the holding company reorganization, Meridian Bank’s filings with the FDIC, including Meridian Bank’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that update or provide information in addition to the information included in the Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filings, if any. Meridian Corporation does not undertake to update any forward-looking

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statement whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by Meridian Corporation or by or on behalf of Meridian Bank.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and conform to general practices within the industry in which we operate. To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates, assumptions and judgments based on available information. These estimates, assumptions and judgments affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions and judgements are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and, as this information changes, actual results could differ from the estimates, assumptions and judgments reflected in the financial statements. In particular, management has identified the provision and allowance for loan losses as the accounting policy that, due to the estimates, assumptions and judgements inherent in that policy, is critical in understanding our financial statements. Management has presented the application of this policy to the audit committee of our board of directors.

This critical accounting policy, along with other significant accounting policies, are presented in in Footnote 1 of the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 included in the Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

Executive Overview

The following items highlight the Corporation’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, and the changes in its financial condition as of June 30, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018. More detailed information related to these highlights can be found in the sections that follow.

Three Month Results of Operations

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $2.0 million, or $0.31 per diluted share, an increase of $220 thousand as compared to net income of $1.8 million, or $0.28 per diluted share, for the same period in 2018.

Return on average equity (“ROE”) and return on average assets (“ROA”) for the three months ended June 30, 2019 were 7.14% and 0.81%, respectively.

Net interest income increased $776 thousand, or 9.5%, to $8.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to $8.1 million for the same period in 2018.

Provision for loan and lease losses (the “Provision”) of $14 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was a decrease of $399 thousand from the $413 thousand Provision recorded for the same period in 2018.

Non-interest income of $7.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was a $740 thousand or 8.5% decrease from the same period in 2018.

Mortgage banking income decreased $991 thousand, or 13.6%, to $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to $7.3 million for the same period in 2018.

Non-interest expense of $14.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 increased $170 thousand, or 1.2%, from $14.1 million for the same period in 2018.

Six Month Results of Operations

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $4.0 million, or $0.63 per diluted share, an increase of $956 thousand as compared to net income of $3.1 million, or $0.48 per diluted share, for the same period in 2018.

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ROE and ROA for the six months ended June 30, 2019 were 7.22% and 0.82%, respectively.

Net interest income increased $1.6 million, or 9.9%, to $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to $15.8 million for the same period in 2018.

The Provision of $233 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was a decrease of $734 thousand from the $967 thousand Provision recorded for the same period in 2018.

Non-interest income of $14.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was a $1.4 million or 8.6% decrease from the same period in 2018.

Mortgage banking income decreased $904 thousand, or 7.5%, to $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to $12.1 million for the same period in 2018.

Non-interest expense of $26.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 decreased $276 thousand, or 1.0%, from $26.6 million for the same period in 2018.

Changes in Financial Condition

Total assets of $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2019 increased $58.4 million, or 5.9%, from $997.5 million as of December 31, 2018.

Consolidated stockholders’ equity of $114.4 million as of June 30, 2019 increased $4.8 million from $109.6 million as of December 31, 2018.

Total portfolio loans and leases, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, as of June 30, 2019 were $885.2 million, an increase of $47.1 million, or 5.6%, from $838.1 million as of December 31, 2018.

Total non-performing loans and leases of $4.1 million represented 0.45% of portfolio loans and leases as of June 30, 2019 as compared to $3.9 million, or 0.45% of portfolio loans and leases, as of December 31, 2018.

The $8.6 million allowance for loan losses (“Allowance’), as of June 30, 2019, represented 0.99% of portfolio loans and leases, as compared to $8.1 million, or 0.97% of portfolio loans and leases, as of December 31, 2018.

Total deposits of $840.7 million as of June 30, 2019 increased $88.6 million, or 11.8%, from $752.1 million as of December 31, 2018.

Key Performance Ratios

Key financial performance ratios for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are shown in the table below:


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Annualized return on average equity		7.14	%		7.02	%		7.22	%		6.05	%
Annualized return on average assets		0.81	%		0.81	%		0.82	%		0.72	%
Net interest margin (tax effected yield)		3.72	%		3.88	%		3.69	%		3.89	%
Basic earnings per share	$	0.32		$	0.28		$	0.63		$	0.48
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.31		$	0.28		$	0.63		$	0.48

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The following table presents certain key period-end balances and ratios as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	June 30,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019			2018
Book value per common share	$	17.85		$	17.10
Tangible book value per common share	$	17.09		$	16.31
Allowance as a percentage of loans and leases held for investment		0.99	%		0.97	%
Tier I capital to risk weighted assets		11.37	%		11.72	%
Tangible common equity ratio (1)		10.42	%		10.53	%
Loans held for investment	$	885,172		$	838,106
Total assets	$	1,055,906		$	997,480
Stockholders' equity	$	114,379		$	109,552

(1) Tangible common equity ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for a reconciliation of this measure to its most comparable GAAP measure.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Meridian believes that non-GAAP measures are meaningful because they reflect adjustments commonly made by management, investors, regulators and analysts to evaluate performance trends and the adequacy of common equity. This non-GAAP disclosure has limitations as an analytical tool, should not be viewed as a substitute for performance and financial condition measures determined in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Meridian’s results as reported under GAAP, nor is it necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.

Meridian believes adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per common share, adjusted ROAA and adjusted ROAE provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations and enhances comparability of results with prior periods. Because management believes that these adjustments are not incurred as a result of ongoing operations, they are not as helpful a measure of the performance of our underlying business, particularly in light of their unpredictable nature and are difficult to forecast. This supplemental presentation should not be construed as an inference that Meridian’s future results will be unaffected by similar adjustments to these measures determined in accordance with GAAP.


		Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
		June 30,			June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)		2019	2018		2019	2018
Net income - consolidated	$	2,022	1,802	$	4,028	3,072
Litigation settlement adjustment, net of tax		517	156		614	156
Adjusted net income - consolidated(1)	$	2,539	1,958	$	4,642	3,228

Net income - excluding Mortgage		2,203	1,701		4,172	3,107
Adjusted net income - excluding Mortgage(1)	$	2,720	1,857	$	4,786	3,263

Net income per common share, diluted	$	0.31	0.28	$	0.63	0.48
Litigation settlement adjustment, net of tax		0.08	0.02		0.10	0.02
Adjusted diluted earnings per share(1)		0.39	0.30		0.73	0.50
Adjusted diluted earnings per share- excluding Mortgage(1)	$	0.42	0.29	$	0.74	0.51

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	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Return on average assets - consolidated	0.81%	0.81%	0.82%	0.72%
Adjusted return on average assets - consolidated(1)	1.02%	0.88%	0.95%	0.75%
Return on average equity - consolidated	7.14%	7.02%	7.22%	6.05%
Adjusted return on average equity - consolidated(1)	8.96%	7.63%	8.26%	6.37%

Return on average assets - excluding Mortgage	0.90%	0.79%	0.87%	0.75%
Adjusted return on average assets - excluding Mortgage(1)	1.11%	0.87%	1.00%	0.79%
Return on average equity - excluding Mortgage	7.78%	6.63%	7.43%	6.14%
Adjusted return on average equity - excluding Mortgage(1)	9.60%	7.24%	8.52%	6.44%

(1)

Adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per common share, adjusted ROAA and adjusted ROAE are non-GAAP measures and remove the tax effect of the charges to earnings for the settlement of outstanding litigation ($148 thousand and $44 thousand for three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $176 thousand and $44 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively).

Our management used the measure of the tangible common equity ratio to assess our capital strength. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure is useful to investors because, by removing the impact of our goodwill and other intangible assets, it allows investors to more easily assess our capital adequacy. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered a substitute for any regulatory capital ratios and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies. The table below provides the non-GAAP reconciliation for our tangible common equity ratio:


		June 30,	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)		2019	2018
Tangible common equity ratio:
Total stockholders' equity		114,379	109,552
Less:
Goodwill		899	899
Intangible assets		4,010	4,147
Tangible common equity		109,470	104,506
Total assets		1,055,906	997,480
Less:
Goodwill		899	899
Intangible assets		4,010	4,147
Tangible assets	$	1,050,997	992,434
Tangible common equity ratio		10.42%	10.53%

The following sections discuss, in detail, the Corporation’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the same periods in 2018, and the changes in its financial condition as of June 30, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018.

Components of Net Income

Net income is comprised of five major elements:

Net Interest Income, or the difference between the interest income earned on loans, leases and investments and the interest expense paid on deposits and borrowed funds;

Provision For Loan and Lease Losses, or the amount added to the Allowance to provide for estimated inherent losses on portfolio loans and leases;

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Non-interest Income, which is made up primarily of mortgage banking income, wealth management income, gains and losses from the sale of loans, gains and losses from the sale of investment securities available for sale and other fees from loan and deposit services;

Non-interest Expense, which consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, loan expenses, professional fees and other operating expenses; and

Income Taxes, which include state and federal jurisdictions.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is an integral source of the Corporation’s revenue. The tables below present a summary, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, of the Corporation’s average balances and yields earned on its interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin is the net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The net interest spread is the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The difference between the net interest margin and the net interest spread is the results of net free funding sources such as noninterest deposits and stockholders’ equity.

Total interest income for the three months ending June 30, 2019 was $13.1 million, which represented a $2.3 million, or 21.0%, increase compared with the three months ending June 30, 2018. The increase in income was attributable to a $120.5 million increase in average interest earning assets, year over year, helped by an increase of 32 basis points in yield on earning assets, to 5.44% from 5.12%, for same period in 2018. The commercial real estate loan portfolio yield, in particular, rose 31 basis points over the same period in 2018. Total interest expense rose $1.5 million or 55.9% to $4.2 million for the three months ending June 30, 2019, compared with $2.7 million for the three months ending June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to an overall increase of 59 basis points in the cost of interest-bearing funds reflective of the overall increase in market rates.

Net interest income increased $776 thousand, or 9.5%, to $8.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The net-interest margin decreased 16 basis points for the three months ending June 30, 2019 at 3.72%, compared with 3.88% for the three month ending June 30, 2018. The decrease in net interest margin reflects the pressure from the rising cost of funds, which has outpaced the favorable trend in yield on interest earning assets during the quarter. The strength in the Corporation’s net-interest margin in the face of rising cost of funds reflects the size and asset quality of the loan portfolio, as well as the $10.8 million or 10.1% increase in average non-interest bearing deposits period over period.

Total interest income for the six months ending June 30, 2019 was $25.4 million, which represented a $4.8 million, or 23.3%, increase compared with the six months ending June 30, 2018. The increase in income was attributable to a $129.2 million increase in average interest earning assets, year over year, helped by an increase of 36 basis points in yield on earning assets, to 5.39% from 5.03%, for same period in 2018. The commercial real estate loan portfolio yield, in particular, rose 26 basis points over the same period in 2018. Total interest expense rose $3.2 million or 67.8% to $8.0 million for the six months ending June 30, 2019, compared with $4.8 million for the six months ending June 30, 2018. The increase was primarily due to an overall increase of 67 basis points in the cost of interest-bearing funds reflective of the overall increase in market rates as well as an increase in average interest bearing deposits of $124.1 million, year over year.

Net interest income increased $1.6 million, or 9.9%, to $17.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to $15.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The net-interest margin decreased 20 basis points for the six months ending June 30, 2019 at 3.69%, compared with 3.89% for the six month ending June 30, 2018. The decrease in net interest margin reflects the pressure from the rising cost of funds, which has outpaced the favorable trend in yield on interest earning assets during the six month period. The strength in the Corporation’s net-interest margin in the face of rising cost of funds reflects the size and asset quality of the loan portfolio, as well as the $12.6 million or 11.7% increase in average non-interest bearing deposits period over period.

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Analyses of Interest Rates and Interest Differential

The tables below present the major asset and liability categories on an average daily balance basis for the periods presented, along with interest income, interest expense and key rates and yields on a tax equivalent basis.


	2019					2018
			Interest					Interest
For the Three Months Ended June 30,	Average		Income/		Yields/	Average		Income/		Yields/
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Expense		rates	Balance		Expense		rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets
Due from banks	$	7,008		43	2.46%	$	4,471		18	1.60%
Federal funds sold		997		5	2.17%		993		4	1.73%
Investment securities(1)		62,450		399	2.56%		52,662		305	2.32%
Loans held for sale		20,407		219	4.28%		28,884		315	4.36%
Loans held for investment(1)		874,836		12,430	5.67%		758,141		10,194	5.37%
Total loans		895,243		12,649	5.67%		787,025		10,509	5.16%
Total interest-earning assets		965,698		13,096	5.44%		845,151		10,836	5.12%
Noninterest earning assets		36,210					44,079
Total assets	$	1,001,908				$	889,230
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits	$	103,751		413	1.59%	$	112,534		317	1.13%
Money market and savings deposits		293,727		1,377	1.88%		224,135		726	1.30%
Time deposits		320,991		1,925	2.41%		241,854		985	1.63%
Total deposits		718,469		3,715	2.07%		578,523		2,028	1.41%
Short-term borrowings		30,113		210	2.80%		79,032		413	2.10%
Long-term borrowings		5,962		56	3.76%		6,650		47	2.83%
Total Borrowings		36,075		266	2.96%		85,682		460	2.16%
Subordinated Debentures		9,178		170	7.43%		9,308		175	7.52%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		763,722		4,151	2.18%		673,513		2,663	1.59%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		117,664					106,863
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		6,918					5,630
Total liabilities	$	888,304				$	786,006
Total stockholders' equity		113,605					103,224
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities	$	1,001,908				$	889,230
Net interest income			$	8,945				$	8,173
Net interest spread					3.26%					3.53%
Net interest margin					3.72%					3.88%

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	2019					2018
			Interest					Interest
For the Six Months Ended June 30,	Average		Income/		Yields/	Average		Income/		Yields/
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Expense		rates	Balance		Expense		rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets
Due from banks	$	7,150		87	2.45%	$	4,820		36	1.53%
Federal funds sold		965		11	2.33%		940		9	1.90%
Investment securities(1)		62,955		812	2.60%		52,401		609	4.66%
Loans held for sale		19,250		432	4.49%		26,615		555	4.17%
Loans held for investment(1)		862,107		24,107	5.61%		738,452		19,450	5.24%
Total loans		881,357		24,539	5.61%		765,067		20,005	5.24%
Total interest-earning assets		952,427		25,449	5.39%		823,228		20,659	5.03%
Noninterest earning assets		37,198					40,956
Total assets	$	989,625				$	864,184
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Interest-bearing liabilities
Interest-bearing deposits	$	108,455		860	1.60%	$	102,996		499	0.98%
Money market and savings deposits		279,388		2,512	1.81%		223,035		1,293	1.17%
Time deposits		304,466		3,579	2.37%		242,158		1,895	1.58%
Total deposits		692,309		6,951	2.02%		568,189		3,687	1.31%
Short-term borrowings		43,014		597	2.80%		63,809		633	2.00%
Long-term borrowings		5,997		113	3.79%		6,756		93	2.78%
Total Borrowings		49,011		710	2.92%		70,565		726	2.08%
Subordinated Debentures		9,208		338	7.39%		9,639		354	7.40%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		750,528		7,999	2.15%		648,393		4,767	1.48%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		120,183					107,616
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		6,507					5,742
Total liabilities	$	877,218				$	761,751
Total stockholders' equity		112,408					102,433
Total stockholders' equity and liabilities	$	989,625				$	864,184
Net interest income			$	17,450				$	15,892
Net interest spread					3.24%					3.55%
Net interest margin					3.69%					3.89%

(1)

Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

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Rate/Volume Analysis (tax-equivalent basis)

The rate/volume analysis table below analyzes dollar changes in the components of interest income and interest expense as they relate to the change in balances (volume) and the change in interest rates (rate) of tax-equivalent net interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, allocated by rate and volume. Changes in interest income and/or expense attributable to both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately based on the relationship of the absolute dollar amount of the change in each category.


	2019 Compared to 2018
	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	Rate		Volume	Total	Rate		Volume	Total
Interest income:
Due from banks	$	12	13	25	$	28	23	51
Federal funds sold		1	-	1		2	-	2
Investment securities(1)		34	60	94		(536)	739	203
Loans held for sale		(5)	(91)	(96)		106	(229)	(123)
Loans held for investment(1)		594	1,642	2,236		1,379	3,278	4,657
Total loans		589	1,551	2,140		1,485	3,049	4,534
Total interest income	$	636	1,624	2,260	$	979	3,811	4,790
Interest expense:
Interest checking	$	248	(152)	96	$	333	28	361
Money market and savings deposits		384	267	651		835	384	1,219
Time deposits		557	383	940		1,112	572	1,684
Total interest-bearing deposits		1,189	498	1,687		2,280	984	3,264
Short-term borrowings		647	(850)	(203)		438	(474)	(36)
Long-term borrowings		36	(27)	9		48	(28)	20
Total borrowings		683	(877)	(194)		486	(502)	(16)
Subordinated debentures		(2)	(3)	(5)		(1)	(15)	(16)
Total interest expense		1,871	(383)	1,488		2,765	467	3,232
Interest differential	$	(1,234)	2,006	772	$	(1,786)	3,344	1,558

(1)Yields and net interest income are reflected on a tax-equivalent basis.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, interest income increased $2.3 million as volume changes in average earning assets contributed $1.6 million and favorable rate changes contributed $636 thousand. The favorable change in net interest income due to volume changes was driven largely from growth in the loan portfolio, which increased $108.2 million on average over the three month periods. Total investment securities helped increase interest income $60 thousand, while cash and cash equivalents contributed $13 thousand to interest income, due to volume changes, period over period. In addition to favorable volume changes, favorable loan rate changes of 51 basis points contributed $589 thousand to interest income while investments rate changes of 24 basis points contributed $34 thousand.

On the funding side, interest expense increased $1.5 million due largely to rate changes. Higher rates on cost of funds, particularly from borrowings and time deposits, which rose 80 and 78 basis points, respectively, increased interest expense by $1.2 million. Core deposits, such as interest checking and money market accounts rose 46 and 58 basis points, respectively, increasing interest expense $632 thousand. In addition, interest checking and money market accounts together rose $60.8 million on average, reducing net interest income by $115 thousand. Time deposits increased $79.1 million on average, causing an increase to interest expense of $383 thousand. These unfavorable changes were partially offset by favorable volume changes, particularly in borrowings. Borrowings decreased $49.6 million on average affecting net interest income $877 thousand positively, and lower levels of subordinated debt contributed $3 thousand to the net interest

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income over the three month periods compared. Overall, the increase in interest income from volume changes contributed $2.0 million and out-paced the unfavorable rate changes to improve net interest income by $772 thousand.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, interest income increased $4.8 million. The favorable change in net interest income due to volume changes was driven largely from growth in the loan portfolio, which increased $116.3 million on average over the six month periods. This increase contributed $3.0 million to interest income. Total investment securities contributed $739 thousand to interest income due to volume changes, while cash and cash equivalents contributed another $23 thousand, period over period. In addition, interest income increased $1.5 million due to favorable rate changes in interest earning assets as the yield on loans overall increased 37 basis points.

On the funding side, interest expense increased $3.2 million due largely to unfavorable rate changes. Borrowings and time deposits, which rose 84 and 79 basis points, respectively and core deposits, such as interest checking and money market accounts rose 62 and 64 basis points, respectively, contributing to an increase in interest expense of $2.3 million. Also contributing to higher interest expense, were higher levels of deposit balances. Interest checking and money market accounts together rose $61.8 million on average, reducing net interest income by $412 thousand. Time deposits increased $62.3 million on average, causing an increase to interest expense of $572 thousand. Partially offsetting the effect of higher deposit balances, borrowings decreased $21.6 million on average affecting net interest income $502 thousand positively, and lower levels of subordinated debt contributed $15 thousand to the net interest income over the six month periods compared. Overall, the increase in interest income from volume changes contributed $3.3 million and out-paced the unfavorable rate changes to improve net interest income by $1.6 million.

Simulations of net interest income. We use a simulation model on a quarterly basis to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income resulting from various hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Our model incorporates various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which may have a significant impact on results such as:

The timing of changes in interest rates;

Shifts or rotations in the yield curve;

Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on the balance sheet;

Differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices;

Varying timing of loan prepayments for different interest rate scenarios;

The effect of interest rate floors, periodic loan caps and lifetime loan caps;

Overall growth rates and product mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Because of the limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulated results are not intended to be used as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results, but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate Asset / Liability Management (“ALM”) strategies.

Potential changes to our net interest income between a flat interest rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining interest rate scenarios, measured over a one-year period as of June 30, 2019 and 2018 are presented in the following table. The simulation assumes rate shifts occur upward and downward on the yield curve in even increments over the first twelve months (ramp), followed by rates held constant thereafter.

Rate Ramp


	Estimated increase
	(decrease) in Net Interest
	Income
	For the year ending
	June 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates	2019		2018
+300 basis points over next 12 months	1.77	%	(0.17)	%
+200 basis points over next 12 months	1.37	%	(0.15)	%
+100 basis points over next 12 months	0.84	%	(0.08)	%
No Change
-100 basis points over next 12 months	(1.06)	%	0.07	%

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The above interest rate simulation suggests that the Corporation’s balance sheet is asset sensitive as of June 30, 2019 and was slightly liability sensitive as of June 30, 2018. In its current position, the table indicates that a 100, 200 or 300 basis point increase in interest rates would have a modestly positive impact from rising rates on net interest income over the next 12 months. The simulated exposure to a change in interest rates is contained, manageable and well within policy guidelines. The results continue to drive our funding strategy of increasing relationship-based accounts (core deposits) and utilizing term deposits to fund short to medium duration assets.

Simulation of economic value of equity. To quantify the amount of capital required to absorb potential losses in value of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities resulting from adverse market movements, we calculate economic value of equity on a quarterly basis. We define economic value of equity as the net present value of our balance sheet’s cash flow, and we calculate economic value of equity by discounting anticipated principal and interest cash flows under the prevailing and hypothetical interest rate environments. Potential changes to our economic value of equity between a flat rate scenario and hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios, measured as of June 30, 2019 and 2018, are presented in the following table. The projections assume shifts ramp upward and downward of the yield curve of 100, 200 and 300 basis points occurring immediately. We would note that in a downward parallel shift of the yield curve, interest rates at the short-end of the yield curve are not modeled to decline any further than to 0%.



	Estimated increase (decrease) in Net
	Economic Value at June 30,
Changes in Market Interest Rates	2019		2018
+300 basis points	14.55	%	5.46	%
+200 basis points	12.74	%	4.85	%
+100 basis points	8.54	%	3.40	%
No Change
-100 basis points	(14.60)	%	(6.57)	%

Gap Analysis

Management measures and evaluates the potential effects of interest rate movements on earnings through an interest rate sensitivity “gap” analysis. Given the size and turnover rate of the originated mortgage loans held for sale, these loans are treated as having a maturity of 12 months or less. Interest rate sensitivity reflects the potential effect on net interest income when there is movement in interest rates. An institution is considered to be asset sensitive, or having a positive gap, when the amount of its interest-earning assets repricing within a given period exceeds the amount of its interest-bearing liabilities also repricing within that time period. Conversely, an institution is considered to be liability sensitive, or having a negative gap, when the amount of its interest-bearing liabilities repricing within a given period exceeds the amount of its interest-earning assets also within that time period. During a period of rising interest rates, a negative gap would tend to decrease net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to increase net interest income. During a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income, while a positive gap would tend to decrease net interest income.

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The following tables present the interest rate gap analysis of our assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


					Greater
					Than
					5 years and
As of June 30, 2019	12 Months				Not Rate
(dollars in thousands)	or Less		1-2 Years	2-5 Years	Sensitive	Total
Cash and investments	$	53,940	5,613	9,618	22,275	91,446
Loans, net (1)		526,956	129,494	233,754	25,631	915,835
Other Assets		—	—	—	48,625	48,625
Total Assets	$	580,896	135,107	243,372	96,531	1,055,906

Noninterest-bearing deposits		18,208	8,971	15,725	84,254	127,158
Interest-bearing deposits		372,721	—	—	—	372,721
Time deposits		314,155	14,684	11,996	—	340,835
FHLB advances		74,980	8,122	—	—	83,102
Other Liabilities		825	-	381	16,505	17,711
Total stockholders' equity		—	—	—	114,379	114,379
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	780,889	31,777	28,102	215,138	1,055,906
Repricing gap-positive
(Negative) Positive	$	(199,993)	103,330	215,270	(118,607)	—
Cumulative repricing gap: Dollar amount	$	(199,993)	(96,663)	118,607	—
Percent of total assets		(18.9)%	(9.2)%	11.2%	—

(1)

Loans include portfolio loans and loans held for sale


								Greater
								Than
								5 years and
As of December 31, 2018								Not Rate
(dollars in thousands)	12 Months			1-2 Years		2-5 Years		Sensitive	Total
Cash and investments	$	51,092		4,268		12,183		19,578	87,121
Loans, net (1)		476,250		104,422		246,523		48,606	875,801
Other Assets (Footnote 1)		—		—		—		34,558	34,558
Total Assets		527,342		108,690		258,706		102,742	997,480

Noninterest-bearing deposits		17,943		9,013		15,852		83,342	126,150
Interest-bearing deposits		347,264		—		—		—	347,264
Time deposits		253,090		13,426		12,200		—	278,716
FHLB advances		114,300		5,000		—		—	119,300
Other Liabilities (Footnote 1)		825		412		344		14,917	16,498
Total stockholders' equity (Footnote 1)		—		—		—		109,552	109,552
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	733,422		27,851		28,396		207,811	997,480
Repricing gap-positive
(Negative) Positive		(206,080)		80,839		230,310		(105,069)	—
Cumulative repricing gap: Dollar amount	$	(206,080)		(125,241)		105,069		—
Percent of total assets		(20.7)	%	(12.6)	%	10.5	%	—

(1)

Loans include portfolio loans and loans held for sale

Under the repricing gap analysis for both periods, we are liability-sensitive in the short-term mainly due to recent loan growth which has out-paced our core deposit growth. In addition, customer preference has been for short-term or liquid deposits. We generally manage our interest rate risk profile close to neutral, using a strategy that is focused on increasing our concentration of relationship-based transaction accounts through efforts of our business developers and new branches. The gap results presented could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or if actual experience differs from the

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assumptions used in the preparation of the gap analysis. Furthermore, the gap analysis provides a static view of interest rate risk exposure at a specific point in time and offers only an approximate estimate of the relative sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities to changes in market interest rates. In addition, the impact of certain optionality is embedded in our balance sheet such as contractual caps and floors, and trends in asset and liability growth. Accordingly, we combine the use of gap analysis with the use of an earnings simulation model that provides a dynamic assessment of interest rate sensitivity.

PROVISION FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Corporation recorded a Provision of $14 thousand which was a $399 thousand decrease from the same period in 2018. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 there were recoveries of $235 thousand as compared to net charge-offs of $102 thousand for the same period in 2018.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Corporation recorded a Provision of $233 thousand which was a $734 thousand decrease from the same period in 2018. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 there were recoveries of $339 thousand as compared to net charge-offs of $227 thousand for the same period in 2018.

The decreased provision over the three and six periods was the result of net recoveries and lower levels of loan growth period over period.

Asset Quality and Analysis of Credit Risk

Total nonperforming loans and leases increased $210 thousand from $3.9 million at December 31, 2018 to $4.1 million at June 30, 2019, but dropped to 0.47% of loans and leases held-for-investment, excluding loans at fair value, as of June 30, 2019, compared to 0.48% as of December 31, 2018. Nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2019, included within nonperforming assets, decreased $187 thousand from December 31, 2019. As a result of current asset quality and net recoveries during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the ratio of the Allowance to total loans held for investment, excluding loans at fair value, improved to 0.99%, from the 0.97% as of December 31, 2018. The Allowance to non-performing loans increased from 204.85% as of December 31, 2018 208.28% as of June 30, 2019.

The Corporation had one property in OREO as of June 30, 2019 in the amount of $120 thousand. There were no properties in OREO as of December 31, 2018.

As of June 30, 2019, the Corporation had $4.1 million of troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), of which $2.9 million were in compliance with the modified terms and excluded from non-performing loans and leases. As of December 31, 2018, the Corporation had $4.3 million of TDRs, of which $3.1 million were in compliance with the modified terms, and were excluded from non-performing loans and leases. As of June 30, 2019, the Corporation had a recorded investment of $5.5 million of impaired loans and leases which included $4.1 million of TDRs.

The Corporation continues to be diligent in its credit underwriting process and proactive with its loan review process, including the engagement of the services of an independent outside loan review firm, which helps identify developing credit issues. Proactive steps that are taken include the procurement of additional collateral (preferably outside the current loan structure) whenever possible and frequent contact with the borrower. The Corporation believes that timely identification of credit issues and appropriate actions early in the process serve to mitigate overall risk of loss.

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Nonperforming Assets and Related Ratios


	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Non-performing assets:
Nonaccrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial mortgage	$	1,152	$	1,224
Home equity lines and loans		79		83
Residential mortgage		2,021		2,147
Commercial construction		27		—
Total real estate loans	$	3,279	$	3,454
Commercial and industrial		465		477
Total nonaccrual loans	$	3,744	$	3,931
Loans 90 days or more past due and accruing		398		—
Other real estate owned		120		—
Total non-performing loans	$	4,142	$	3,931
Total non-performing assets	$	4,262	$	3,931

Troubled debt restructurings:
TDRs included in non-performing loans		1,160		1,219
TDRs in compliance with modified terms		2,914		3,047
Total TDRs	$	4,074	$	4,266

Asset quality ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets		0.40%		0.39%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans		0.45%		0.45%
Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value)		0.47%		0.48%
Allowance for loan losses to:
Total loans		0.93%		0.92%
Total loans held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value)		0.99%		0.97%
Non-performing loans		208.23%		204.85%

Total loans and leases	$	924,460	$	875,801
Total loans and leases held-for-investment	$	885,172	$	838,106
Total loans and leases held-for-investment (excluding loans at fair value)	$	872,791	$	826,684
Allowance for loan and lease losses	$	8,625	$	8,053

NON-INTEREST INCOME

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Same Period in 2018

Total non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $7.9 million, down $740 thousand, or 8.5%, from the comparable period in 2018. The overall decrease in non-interest income came primarily from our mortgage division. Also affecting non-interest income, wealth management revenue was down $76 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Fee income reflected market value changes in assets under management, which although up at June 30, 2019 compared to June 30, 2018, were at lower levels in the prior quarter on which fees were based. The decrease in non-interest income was partially offset by $515 thousand in SBA loan income, largely from gains recognized on the sale of SBA loans, as well as $139 thousand in gain on sale of securities, all in the three months ended June 30, 2019. There were no SBA loan sales or sales of securities in the prior year comparable period.

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Mortgage banking revenue, for the three months ended June 30, 2019, was $6.3 million, down $991 thousand, or 13.6%, from the comparable period in 2018. This decline in mortgage banking revenue was due primarily to a decline in mortgage originations year over year, despite an increase in the margin on loan sales of 72 basis points for the three months, year over year. Additionally, realized gains on derivatives related to mortgage banking, included in other non-interest income, decreased $222 thousand for the three months ended June 30, 2019 to a loss of $218 thousand, compared to a gain of $4 thousand for the same period in 2018.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Same Period in 2018

Total non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $14.4 million, down $1.3 million, or 8.6%, from the comparable period in 2018. The overall decrease in non-interest income came primarily from our mortgage division. Also affecting non-interest income, wealth management revenue was down $290 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. Fee income reflected market value changes in assets under management, which although up at June 30, 2019 compared to June 30, 2018, were at lower levels in the prior period on which fees were based. The decrease in non-interest income was partially offset by $515 thousand in SBA loan income, largely from gains recognized on the sale of SBA loans, as well as $139 thousand in gain on sale of securities, all in the three months ended June 30, 2019. There were no SBA loan sales or sales of securities in the prior year comparable period, as noted above. The new SBA lending team, brought on late in 2018, originated $12 million in SBA loans during the first six months of 2019.

Mortgage banking revenue, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, was $11.2 million, down $904 thousand or 7.5%, from the comparable period in 2018. The decline in mortgage banking revenue was due primarily to a decline in mortgage originations year over year, despite an increase in the margin on loan sales of 48 basis points for the six months, due in part to rising interest rates year over year. The net change in fair value of mortgage banking related financial instruments increased $400 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. Additionally, realized gains on derivatives related to mortgage banking, included in other non-interest income, decreased $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to a loss of $493 thousand, compared to a gain of $704 thousand for the same period in 2018.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Same Period in 2018

Total non-interest expense was $14.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, up $170 thousand, or 1.2%, from $14.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. There was a reduction in salaries and employee benefits expense of $640 thousand or 6.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2019, compared to prior year, as full-time equivalent employees, particularly in the mortgage division declined. In addition, variable loan expenses decreased by $55 thousand over the three month period ended June 30, 2019, reflecting the lower level of mortgage originations year-over-year. Occupancy and equipment expense was down slightly for the comparable three month period due to a reduction in rent expense resulting from the closure of 2 loan offices, while data processing and information technology expenses were up slightly over these same period due to increased customer transaction volume. Professional fees were up $232 thousand for the three month period ended June 30, 2019 due largely to legal and accounting fees incurred as part of the Maryland mortgage licensing issue announced in the prior quarter, in addition to legal fees incurred related to the litigation matter discussed below.

Other non-interest expenses increased $568 thousand to $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, when compared to the prior year comparable period. The settlement of an outstanding litigation matter contributed $665 thousand to other non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019. On July 24, 2019 the Bank agreed to settle outstanding litigation related to former mortgage division employees for a total cost of $990 thousand.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 Compared to the Same Period in 2018

Total non-interest expense was $26.4 million for six months ended June 30, 2019, down $276 thousand, or 1.0%, from $26.6 million for the same period in the 2018. There was a reduction in salaries and employee benefits expense of $1.4 million or 7.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to prior year, as full-time equivalent employees, particularly in the mortgage division declined. In addition, variable loan expenses decreased by $57 thousand over the six month period ended June 30, 2019, reflecting the lower level of mortgage originations year-over-year. Occupancy and equipment expense was down slightly for the comparable six month period due to a reduction in rent expense resulting from the closure of 2 loan offices, while data processing and information technology expenses were up slightly over these same period due to increased customer transaction volume. Professional fees were up $224 thousand for the six month period ended June 30, 2019 due largely to legal and accounting fees incurred as part of the Maryland mortgage licensing issue announced in the prior quarter, in addition to legal fees incurred related to the litigation matter discussed below.

Other non-interest expenses increased $1 million to $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, when compared to the prior year comparable period. The settlement of an outstanding litigation matter contributed $790 thousand to other non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019. On July 24, 2019 the Bank agreed to settle outstanding litigation related to former mortgage division employees for a total cost of $990 thousand. Additionally, for the six months ended June 30, 2019, $79 thousand of other expense was incurred for the current period impact of the Maryland mortgage licensing issue previously disclosed. Other contributors to the increase for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are increases in the FDIC insurance assessment, as well as the PA shares tax assessment due to the growth of the Bank from the prior year.

INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was $570 thousand, as compared to $525 thousand for the same period in 2018. The increase in income tax expense was entirely attributable to the increase in earnings, period over period. Our effective tax rate was 22.0% for the second quarter of 2019 and 22.6% for the second quarter of 2018.

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $1.2 million, as compared to $887 thousand for the same period in 2018. The increase in income tax expense was entirely attributable to the increase in earnings, period over period. Our effective tax rate was 22.2% for the first six months of 2019 and 22.4% for the first six months of 2018.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

As of June 30, 2019, total assets were $1.1 billion compared with $997.5 million as of December 31, 2018. Total assets increased $58.4 million, or 5.9%, on a year-to-date basis primarily due to strong loan growth.

Total loans, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, grew $47.1 million, or 5.6%, to $885.2 million as of June 30, 2019, from $838.1 million as of December 31, 2018. The increase in loans is attributable to several commercial categories as we continue to grow our presence in the Philadelphia market area. Commercial real estate and commercial construction loans combined increased $37.6 million, or 8.5%, during the first six months of the year, while shared national credits and small business loans increased $4.0 million, or 5.6% and $2.7 million, or 46.0%, respectively, during the first six months of the year. Residential loans held in portfolio increased $3.2 million, or 5.9%, during the first six months as certain loan products or terms were targeted to hold in portfolio, prior to origination. Residential mortgage loans held for sale increased $1.6 million, or 4.2%, to $39.3 million as of June 30, 2019 from December 31, 2018.

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Deposits were $840.7 million as of June 30, 2019, up $88.6 million, or 11.8%, from December 31, 2018. Non-interest bearing deposits increased $1.0 million, or 0.8%, from December 31, 2018. New business relationships fueled the increases year-over-year. Money market accounts/savings accounts increased $52.0 million, or 22.4%, since December 31, 2018 due to new business relationship money market accounts. Interest-bearing checking accounts decreased $26.6 million or 23.2% from December 31, 2018 due largely to term preference of municipal deposits. Certificates of deposit increased $62.1 million, or 22.3%, since December 31, 2018.

Capital

Consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Corporation was $114.4 million, or 10.83% of total assets as of June 30, 2019, as compared to $109.6 million, or 10.98% of total assets as of December 31, 2018. At June 30, 2019, the Tier 1 leverage ratio was 10.96%, the Tier 1 risk-based capital and common equity ratios were 11.37%, and total risk-based capital was 13.23%. At December 31, 2018, the Tier 1 leverage ratio was 11.16%, the Tier 1 risk-based capital and common equity ratios were 11.72%, and total risk-based capital was 13.66%. Tangible book value per share was $17.09 as of June 30, 2019, compared with $16.31 as of December 31, 2018. Refer to Footnote 1 for discussion of an immaterial error correction that impacted beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2018.

The following table presents the Corporation’s capital ratios and the minimum capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” by regulators as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	June 30, 2019
							To be well capitalized under
				For capital adequacy			prompt corrective action
	Actual			purposes *			provisions
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	127,156	13.23%	$	100,886	10.50%	$	96,082	10.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		109,271	11.37%		67,257	7.00%		62,453	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		109,271	11.37%		81,669	8.50%		76,865	8.00%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		109,271	10.96%		39,880	4.00%		49,850	5.00%


	December 31, 2018 - as revised
							To be well capitalized under
				For capital adequacy			prompt corrective action
	Actual			purposes *			provisions
(dollars in thousands):	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	122,262	13.66%	$	88,362	9.88%	$	89,481	10.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		104,881	11.72%		57,044	6.38%		58,163	6.50%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		104,881	11.72%		70,466	7.88%		71,585	8.00%
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)		104,881	11.16%		37,581	4.00%		46,977	5.00%

*Includes capital conservation buffer of 2.50% for 2019 and 1.875% for 2018.

The capital ratios for the Corporation, as of June 30, 2019, as shown in the above tables, indicate levels above the regulatory minimum to be considered “well capitalized.” The capital ratios to risk-weighted assets have all decreased from their December 31, 2018 levels largely as a result of the increase in risk-weighted assets, much of which was in the commercial mortgage, construction, and commercial and industrial segments of the loan portfolio, which are typically risk-weighted at 100%.

Liquidity

Management maintains liquidity to meet depositors’ needs for funds, to satisfy or fund loan commitments, and for other operating purposes. Meridian’s foundation for liquidity is a stable and loyal customer deposit base, cash and cash

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equivalents, and a marketable investment portfolio that provides periodic cash flow through regular maturities and amortization or that can be used as collateral to secure funding. In addition, as part of its liquidity management, Meridian maintains a segment of commercial loan assets that are comprised of shared national credits (“SNCs”), which have a national market and can be sold in a timely manner. Meridian’s primary liquidity, which totaled $148.5 million at June 30, 2019, compared to $128 million at June 30, 2018, includes investments, SNCs, Federal funds sold, mortgages held-for-sale and cash and cash equivalents, less the amount of securities required to be pledged for certain liabilities. Meridian also anticipates scheduled payments and prepayments on its loan and mortgage-backed securities portfolios. In addition, Meridian maintains borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia to meet short-term liquidity needs. Through its relationship at the Federal Reserve, Meridian had available credit of approximately $9.6 million at June 30, 2019. As a member of the FHLB, we are eligible to borrow up to a specific credit limit, which is determined by the amount of our residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other loans that have been pledged as collateral. As of June 30, 2019, Meridian’s maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $477.6 million. At June 30, 2019, Meridian had borrowed $83.1 million and the FHLB had issued letters of credit, on Meridian’s behalf, totaling $79.8 million against its available credit lines. At June 30, 2019, Meridian also had available $39 million of unsecured federal funds lines of credit with other financial institutions as well as $105.6 million of available short or long term funding through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”) program and $53.9 million of available short or long term funding through brokered CD arrangements. Management believes that Meridian has adequate resources to meet its short-term and long-term funding requirements.

Discussion of Segments

As of June 30, 2019, the Corporation has three principal segments as defined by FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting.” The segments are Banking, Mortgage Banking and Wealth Management (see Note 11 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements).

The Banking Segment recorded net income before tax (“operating margin”) of $2.7 million and $5.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to operating margin of $1.9 million and $3.3 million for the same respective periods in 2018. The Banking Segment provided 104.2% and 99.4% of the Corporation’s pre-tax profit for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to 81.5% and 83.5% for the same respective periods in 2018.

The Wealth Management Segment recorded operating margin of $88 thousand and $124 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to operating margin of $243 thousand and $606 thousand for the same respective periods in 2018.

The Mortgage Banking Segment recorded operating losses of $197 thousand and $91 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, as compared to operating margins of $187 thousand and $47 thousand for the same respective periods in 2018. Mortgage Banking income and expenses related to loan originations and sales decreased due to lower origination volume, but certain non-interest expenses increased from the prior year due to Maryland mortgage licensing issue previously disclosed and the settlement of outstanding litigation discussed above.

Off Balance Sheet Risk

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Total commitments to extend credit at June 30, 2019 were $320.1 million, as compared to $290.6 million at December 31, 2018.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Corporation to a customer for a third party. Such standby letters of credit are issued to support private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing standby

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letters of credit is similar to that involved in granting loan facilities to customers. The Corporation’s obligation under standby letters of credit at June 30, 2019 amounted to $9.5 million, as compared to $5.2 million at December 31, 2018.

Estimated fair values of the Corporation’s off-balance sheet instruments are based on fees and rates currently charged to enter into similar loan agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Since fees and rates charged for off-balance sheet items are at market levels when set, there is no material difference between the stated amount and the estimated fair value of off-balance sheet instruments.

In certain circumstances the Corporation may be required to repurchase loans from investors under the terms of loan sale agreements. Generally, these circumstances include the breach of representations and warranties made to investors regarding borrower default or early payment, as well as a violation of the applicable federal, state, or local lending laws. The Corporation agrees to repurchase loans if the representations and warranties made with respect to such loans are breached, and such breach has a material adverse effect on the loans. The Corporation did not repurchase any loans sold, based on the obligations described above, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, and did repurchase 1 loan in the amount of $94 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Recent Litigation

See “Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings” below for information regarding a lawsuit filed in November 2017 against the Corporation.

Regulatory Update

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (the “Act”), which was designed to ease certain restrictions imposed by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, was enacted into law on May 24, 2018. Most of the changes made by the Act can be grouped into five general areas: mortgage lending; certain regulatory relief for “community” banks; enhanced consumer protections in specific areas, including subjecting credit reporting agencies to additional requirements; certain regulatory relief for large financial institutions, including increasing the threshold at which institutions are classified a systemically important financial institutions (from $50 billion to $250 billion) and therefore subject to stricter oversight, and revising the rules for larger institution stress testing; and certain changes to federal securities regulations designed to promote capital formation. Some of the key provisions of the Act as it relates to community banks and bank holding companies include, but are not limited to: (i) designating mortgages held in portfolio as “qualified mortgages” for banks with less than $10 billion in assets, subject to certain documentation and product limitations; (ii) exempting banks with less than $10 billion in assets from Volcker Rule requirements relating to proprietary trading; (iii) simplifying capital calculations for banks with less than $10 billion in assets by requiring federal banking agencies to establish a community bank leverage ratio of tangible equity to average consolidate assets not less than 8% or more than 10% and provide that banks that maintain tangible equity in excess of such ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with risk-based capital and leverage requirements; (iv) assisting smaller banks with obtaining stable funding by providing an exception for reciprocal deposits from FDIC restrictions on acceptance of brokered deposits; (v) raising the eligibility for use of short-form Call Reports from $1 billion to $5 billion in assets; and (vi) clarifying definitions pertaining to high volatility commercial real estate loans (HVCRE), which require higher capital allocations, so that only loans with increased risk are subject to higher risk weightings. The Corporation continues to analyze the changes implemented by the Act and further rulemaking from federal banking regulators, but, at this time, does not believe that such changes will materially impact the Corporation’s business, operations, or financial results.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

See the discussion of quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risks in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations – Interest Rate Summary,” “– Interest Rate Sensitivity,” and “Gap Analysis” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Corporation’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2019 to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that the Corporation files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported completely and accurately within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

As disclosed in Part I, Item 4 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of March 31, 2019, in the first quarter of 2019, the Corporation identified that residential mortgage loans have been originated without a required license in a neighboring state since 2012. We concluded that our risk assessment process was not sufficient, and therefore ineffective, to ensure controls were designed and implemented to respond to the risks related to periodically reviewing our compliance with state licensing laws and reflecting that compliance within our mortgage origination system. As a result, we noted there was insufficient monitoring of the Corporation’s compliance with mortgage licensing laws. This led to the identification of control deficiencies over the Corporation’s recognition of interest and fee income, the analysis of the accounting for loan transfers, specifically the impact of the recourse obligation resulting from a breach in representations and warranties, as well as the controls over the Corporation’s determination of the mortgage repurchase reserve. The aggregation of these control deficiencies created a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement to our consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis and therefore we concluded that, the aggregation of these deficiencies represents a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2019. This material weakness also existed at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

This material weakness resulted in an immaterial error correction that impacted beginning retained earnings, deferred tax assets and other liabilities as of January 1, 2018, relating to interest and fee income on mortgage loan originations made before January 1, 2018 to which we were not entitled due to the violation of state licensing law. The total pre-tax impact of this issue was $486 thousand, with $407 thousand of this relating to prior periods. These amounts include a penalty and amounts to be paid to certain mortgage loan customers.

Notwithstanding this material weakness, based on additional analyses and other procedures performed, management concluded that the financial statements included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of June 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, fairly presented in all material respects our financial position, results of operations, capital position, and cash flows for the periods presented, in conformity with GAAP.

Remediation Status of Previously Reported Material Weakness

We continue to implement our remediation plan for the previously reported material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, described in Part I, Item 4 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of March 31, 2019, which includes the following measures: management discontinued the origination of mortgage loan originations into this state until the matter is satisfactorily resolved with the licensing authority, and restricted access within the mortgage loan origination system to prevent further origination activity in that state.

We are also in the process of implementing a control to help ensure the Corporation maintains ongoing compliance with state licensing requirements. Going forward the Corporation is considering whether to outsource this licensing compliance control to a third-party that will notify us real-time of licensing change requirements. Also in the second quarter we commenced an internal audit program to review compliance with licensing laws and to help develop a monitoring program to further ensure compliance with licensing laws. Lastly the Corporation will not originate loans in this particular state until it is compliant with licensing laws.

We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and implementing measures designed to help ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated through implementation of processes

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and controls to ensure strict compliance with GAAP. We will consider the material weakness remediated after the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and management has concluded, through testing, that the controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the changes related to our remediation efforts described above, we made no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of 2019 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II–OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The exhibits filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report are listed in the Exhibit Index, which appears at page 56.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Description
2.1		Plan of Merger and Reorganization dated April 26, 2018 by and between Registrant, Bank and Meridian Interim Bank, filed as Exhibit 2.1 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.1		Articles of Incorporation of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2		Bylaws of Registrant, filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K on August 24, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
31.1		Rule 13a‑14(a)/ 15d‑14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer, filed herewith.
31.2		Rule 13a‑14(a)/ 15d‑14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer, filed herewith.
32		Section 1350 Certifications, filed herewith.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date:	August 14, 2019	Meridian Corporation

		By:	/s/ Christopher J. Annas
			Christopher J. Annas
			President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

		By:	/s/ Denise Lindsay
			Denise Lindsay
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)