MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC. - Quarter Report: 2017 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

or

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-14053

MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

220 South Orange Avenue, Livingston, New Jersey 07039

(Address of principal executive offices)

(973) 535-2717

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:                    NONE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☑  Yes    ☐   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    ☑ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     ☐  Yes    ☑  No

As May 15, 2017, the registrant had a total of 30,731,368 shares of Common Stock, $.001 par value, outstanding.

MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the words “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “continue”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) regarding events, conditions and financial trends that may affect Milestone Scientific’s future plans of operations, business strategy, results of operations and financial condition. Milestone Scientific wishes to ensure that such statements are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements pursuant to the safe harbor established in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Prospective investors are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties and the actual results may differ materially from those included within the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Such forward-looking statements should, therefore, be considered in light of various important factors, including those set forth herein and others set forth from time to time in Milestone Scientific’s reports, including without limitations, Milestone Scientific's Annual Report on Form 10-K  for the year ended December 31, 2016, and registration statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Milestone Scientific disclaims any intent or obligation to update such forward-looking statements.

Milestone Scientific is the owner of the following registered U.S. trademarks: CompuDent® CompuMed® CompuFlo® DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing Technology® Milestone Scientific ® the Milestone logo ® SafetyWand® STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® and The Wand ®.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MILESTONE SCIENTIFIC INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 1- ORGANIZATION, BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION 

All references in this report to “Milestone Scientific,” “us,” “our,” “we,” or “Milestone” refer to Milestone Scientific Inc., and its consolidated subsidiaries, Wand Dental, Milestone Advanced Cosmetic, Milestone Medical, and Milestone Education (all described below), unless the context otherwise indicates. Milestone Scientific is the owner of the following registered U.S. trademarks: CompuDent® CompuMed® CompuFlo® DPS Dynamic Pressure Sensing Technology® Milestone Scientific ® the Milestone logo ® SafetyWand® STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® and The Wand ®.

Milestone Scientific was incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 1989. Milestone Scientific has developed a proprietary, computer-controlled anesthetic delivery instrument, through the use of The Wand®, a single use disposable handpiece. The instrument is marketed in dentistry under the trademark CompuDent®, and STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® and in medicine under the trademark CompuMed®. CompuDent® is suitable for all dental procedures that require local anesthetic. CompuMed® is suitable for many medical procedures regularly performed in Plastic Surgery, Hair Restoration Surgery, Podiatry, Colorectal Surgery, Dermatology, Orthopedics and a number of other disciplines. The dental instruments are sold in the United States and in over 47 countries abroad. To date there have been no medical instruments sold in the United States and limited amounts sold internationally, although certain medical instruments have obtained CE mark approval and now can be marketed and sold in most European countries.   Milestone Scientific's products are manufactured by a third-party contract manufacturer.

During 2015, our common stock was listed on the NYSE MKT LLC (“NYSE MKT”) under the ticker symbol “MLSS”.

In June 2016, we raised an additional $2.0 million of gross proceeds in a private placement of one million shares of common stock, at a price of $2.00 per share.

In the second quarter of 2016, Milestone Scientific initiated a share exchange program pursuant to which we exchanged one share of common stock for every two outstanding shares of Milestone Medical (described below) common stock, a previously consolidated variable interest entity. As a result of the exchange program, at March 31, 2017, Milestone Scientific owned approximately 96% of Milestone Medical.

In July 2016, Milestone Scientific raised gross proceeds of $250,000 in a registered direct offering of 104,200 shares of common stock at $2.40 per share.

In July 2016, Milestone Scientific filed for 510(k) marketing clearance with the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") Milestone Medical's epidural anesthetic injections instrument. This clearance is necessary to begin commercialization of these medical instruments in the United States.

In December 2016, we received notification from the FDA that based upon the 510(k) application submitted for Milestone Scientific's Compu-Flo Intra Articular Computer Controlled Injection System, did not adequately document that the device met the equivalency standard required for 510(k) clearance. Following consultation with the FDA Office of Device Evaluation, we intend to provide additional data, which could include a new Human Factor Validation study (HFV Study) in support of a new 510(k) application for the device. An HFV Study demonstrates the ease of use of a product. The cost to generate this incremental data is estimated to be approximately $100,000.

In December 2016, we completed an underwritten public offering of 2,000,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 1,592,775 shares of common stock, including 92,775 additional warrants pursuant to a partial exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters. The public offering price for each share and related warrant was $1.50. The warrants have a three-year term and an exercise price of $2.55 per share. The gross proceeds from this offering were approximately $3,000,000, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

In January 2017, in connection with Milestone Scientific public offering of shares in December 2016, the underwriter of the offering exercised a portion of its over-allotment option and purchased an additional 123,700 shares of common stock at the public offering price of $1.499 per share. The gross proceeds to Milestone Scientific from this exercise was approximately $186,000 before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.   

Milestone Scientific has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception, except for 2013. Milestone Scientific is actively pursuing the generation of revenue, positive operating income and net income. The capital raised in December 2016 and January 2017, provide Milestone Scientific with the opportunity to continue to develop and commercialize additional medical instruments and aggressively market the dental instruments throughout the world. Milestone Scientific is actively pursuing the generation of positive cash flows from operating activities through an increase in revenue based upon management’s assessment of present contracts and current negotiations and reductions in operating expenses. Management believes that Milestone Scientific will have sufficient cash reserves to meet its anticipated obligations over the next twelve months from the issuance date of this report.  However, Milestone Scientific may need to raise additional capital prior to management's expected generation of sustainable positive cash flow from operating activities.     

NOTE - 2 SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. Basis of Consolidation

            The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and include the accounts of Milestone Scientific and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, including, Wand Dental, Milestone Advanced Cosmetic and Milestone Medical. Milestone Education is a variable interest entity of which Milestone Scientific is the primary beneficiary and is consolidated into Milestone Scientific's financial statements. All significant, intra-entity transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidation.   

2.  Basis of Presentation

            The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Milestone Scientific have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information with the instructions for Form 10Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) necessary to fairly present such interim results. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations which may be expected for a full year or any subsequent period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in Milestone Scientific's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

3. Variable Interest Entities

            A variable interest entity ("VIE") is an entity that either (i) has insufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) has equity investors who lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. A VIE is consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

If Milestone Scientific determines that it has operating power and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits, Milestone Scientific consolidates the VIE as the primary beneficiary. Milestone Scientific’s involvement constitutes power that is most significant to the entity when it has unconstrained decision making ability over key operational functions within the entity.                  

Milestone Scientific is the primary beneficiary of Milestone Medical as of December 31, 2015 (see Note 4) and Milestone Education as of January 2016. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of Milestone Medical and Milestone Education are included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Because  Milestone Scientific had an increasing  variable interest in  Milestone China, it further considered the guidance in Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 810 as it relates to determining whether Milestone China is a VIE and, if so, identifying the primary beneficiary. As Milestone China’s equity at risk and voting rights were not proportional to their economic interest, Milestone China was determined to be a VIE. Milestone Scientific would be considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE if it has both of the following characteristics:

Milestone management does not have the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact Milestone China's economics and, therefore, the power criterion has not been met. Management placed the most weight on the relationship and significance of activities of Milestone China to the majority shareholder/CEO of Milestone China.  As majority shareholder, majority holder of voting rights, and the active CEO, the 53% investor has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Milestone China. Management has concluded that Milestone Scientific is not the primary beneficiary under ASC 810. Accordingly, Milestone China has not been consolidated into the financial statements of Milestone Scientific and continues to be accounted for under the equity method (see Note 5).

4. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Milestone Scientific considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

 5. Accounts Receivable

            Milestone Scientific sells a significant amount of its product on credit terms to its major distributors. Milestone Scientific estimates losses from the inability of its customers to make payments on amounts billed. A majority of credit sales are due within ninety days from invoicing. There have not been any significant credit losses incurred to date.

6. Product Return and Warranty

            Milestone Scientific generally does not accept non-defective returns from its customers. Product returns under warranty are accepted, evaluated and repaired or replaced in accordance with the Warranty Policy. Returns not within the Warranty Policy are evaluated and the customer is charged for the repair.

 7. Inventories

            Inventories principally consist of finished goods and component parts stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a quarterly basis and a provision for excess and obsolete inventory is recorded if required based on past and expected future sales, potential technological obsolescence and product expiration requirements.

8. Equity Method Investments

            Investments in which Milestone Scientific has the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in the long term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Under this method of accounting, Milestone Scientific's share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is presented below the income tax line on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Milestone Scientific evaluates its equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period.

 9. Furniture, Fixture and Equipment  

            Equipment is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from five to seven years. The costs of maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

10.  Intangible Assets - Patents

             Patents are recorded at cost to prepare and file the applicable documents with the US Patent Office, or internationally with the applicable governmental office in the respective country. Although certain patents have not yet been approved, the costs related to these patents are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patent. If the applicable patent application is ultimately rejected, the remaining unamortized balance will be expensed in the period in which Milestone Scientific receives notice of such rejection.  Patent defense costs, to the extent applicable are expensed as incurred.  Patent applications filed and patents obtained in foreign countries are subject to the laws and procedures that differ from those in the United States. Patent protection in foreign countries may be different from patent protection under United States laws and may not be favorable to Milestone Scientific. Milestone Scientific also attempts to protect the proprietary information through the use of confidentiality agreements and by limiting access to its facilities. There can be no assurance that the program of patents, confidentiality agreements and restricted access to the facilities will be sufficient to protect the proprietary technology.

 11. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

            Milestone Scientific reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances (i.e. a triggering event) indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The carrying value of the assets is evaluated in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets. Milestone Scientific adjusts the net book value of an underlying asset if its fair value is determined to be less than its net book value. There have been no impairment indicators or triggering events and therefore, no impairment reviews have been performed in the period ending March 31, 2017.

12. Revenue Recognition

            Revenue from product sales is recognized, net of discounts and allowances to domestic distributors, on the date of shipment for substantially all shipments, since the shipment terms are FOB warehouse. Milestone Scientific recognizes revenue on date of arrival of the goods at the customer's location, where shipments are FOB destination. In all cases the price to the buyer is fixed and the collectability is reasonably assured. Further, Milestone Scientific has no obligation on these sales for any post installation, set-up or maintenance, these being the responsibility of the buyer. Milestone Scientific's only obligation after sale is the normal commercial warranty against manufacturing defects if the alleged defective unit is returned within the warranty period. Instrument and hand pieces are not bundled but rather sold separately and, as such, there are no multiple element determinations in connection with the revenue recognition.

13. Shipping and Handling Costs

            Milestone Scientific includes shipping and handling costs in cost of goods sold. These costs are billed to customers at the time of shipment for domestic shipments. International shipments are FOB warehouse, therefore no costs are incurred by Milestone Scientific. 

 14. Research and Development

            Research and development costs, which consist principally of new product development costs payable to third parties, are expensed as incurred. Advance payments for the research are amortized to expense either as services are performed or over the relevant service period using the straight line method.

15. Income Taxes

            Milestone Scientific accounts for income taxes pursuant to the asset and liability method which requires deferred income tax assets and liabilities to be computed for temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

16. Use of Estimates

            The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, and cash flow assumptions regarding evaluations for impairment of long-lived assets and going concern considerations, and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

            Fair Value Measurements: Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market at the measurement date (exit price). We are required to classify fair value measurements in one of the following categories:

●        Level 1 inputs which are defined as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

●        Level 2 inputs which are defined as inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly.

●        Level 3 inputs are defined as unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities.

            Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

18. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

            In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance for revenue recognition for contracts, superseding the previous revenue recognition requirements, along with most existing industry-specific guidance. The guidance requires an entity to review contracts in five steps: 1) identify the contract, 2) identify performance obligations, 3) determine the transaction price, 4) allocate the transaction price, and 5) recognize revenue. The new standard will result in enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue arising from contracts with customers.

In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance approving a one-year deferral, making the standard effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted only for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The FASB continues to release guidance clarifying certain aspects of the revenue guidance. We do not believe that this new accounting pronouncement will have a material impact on our financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the balance sheet classification of deferred taxes. The new guidance requires that all deferred taxes be presented as noncurrent, rather than separated into current and noncurrent amounts. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. In addition, the adoption of guidance can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. The Company has adopted this pronouncement as of January 1, 2017, and applied retrospectively, for its provision for income taxes disclosure.  The adoption will not have an impact on the presentation of the balance sheet, as the Company assigns a full valuation allowance to its net deferred tax asset. 

            In February 2016, the FASB issued a new standard Accounting Standards Update ("ASU ") No.2016-02, "Leases"(Topic 842). The new standard is intended to increase transparency and comparability among organizations to recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. It will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-07, “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures” (Topic 323): The new standard is intended to eliminate the requirement that when an investment qualifies for the use of the equity method as a result of an in increase in the level of ownership or degree of influence, results of operations and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect all of the previous periods that the investment was held. It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted the standard, effective January 1, 2017, and has determined the adoption of this standard will not have an impact on its financial reporting.

               In March 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (Topic 718): The new standard is intended, under FASB’s Simplification Initiative, to address certain diversity of application within previous guidance.  The new standard primarily addresses certain tax aspects in connection with the stock compensation held. It will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company has adopted the standard, effective January 1, 2017, and has determined the adoption of this standard does not have an impact on its financial reporting.

In June 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” (Topic 326).: The new standard is intended to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

              In August 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-15, "Statement Cash Flows “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Disbursements" Topic 230). The new standard provides guidance as to the conformity of presentation of certain cash receipts and disbursements. It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its presentation within the statement of cash flows.

            In October 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-16, "Income Taxes Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory" (Topic 740). The new standard provides guidance as to address the deferred tax treatment on certain intra-entity transfer of assets, other than inventory.  It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its presentation within the statement of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-17, "Consolidation Interests Held through Related Parties That Are under Common Control"(Topic 810). The new standard provides guidance as to consideration of consolidation requirements of a primary beneficiary and variable interest entity that are part of related party group under common control.  It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2016. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its presentation within the statement of cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows – Restricted Cash” (Topic 230). The new standard provides guidance as to address the diversity of treatment of restricted cash on the statement of cash flows.  It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its presentation within the statement of cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued a new standard ASU No.2017-04, “Intangibles Goodwill and Other – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” (Topic 350). The new standard provides guidance as to simplify the testing and, potential, measurement of impairment of goodwill.  It will be effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2020. Milestone Scientific is in the process of determining what impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its presentation within the statement of cash flows.

NOTE - 3 Basic and Diluted Net INCOME (Loss) Per Common Share

            Milestone Scientific presents "basic" earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders and, if applicable, "diluted" earnings (loss) per common share applicable to common stockholders pursuant to the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ASC Topic 260. Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and to be issued during each period. The calculation of diluted earnings per common share is similar to that of basic earnings per common share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all potentially dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon the exercise of stock options, warrants, and the conversion of debt were issued during the period.

            Since Milestone Scientific had net losses for three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the assumed effects of the exercise of potentially dilutive outstanding stock options and warrants were not included in the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Such outstanding options and warrants totaled 3,457,615 and 1,776,677 at March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

NOTE - 4 CONSOLIDATION OF VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY

Milestone Medical

            As of March 31, 2017, Milestone Medical was approximately 96% owned by Milestone Scientific. Milestone Medical was established to develop and commercialize intra-articular and epidural drug delivery instruments, utilizing an exclusive royalty-free license to Milestone Scientific's CompuFlo technology. The license was contributed by Milestone Scientific for its initial 50% ownership in Milestone Medical in September 2011. 

            Since its initial investment in Milestone Medical, Milestone Scientific had accounted for the investment in accordance with the equity method of accounting. However, during 2015, Milestone Scientific provided short term bridge financing to Milestone Medical in anticipation of the completion of a secondary stock offering in Poland. In December 2015, Milestone Medical suspended this capital raise efforts meriting re-consideration of the initial accounting for the investment as an equity method investment. In April 2016, Milestone Medical cancelled the uplisting of its shares to the Poland Warsaw Stock Exchange.  

            As a result of the change in circumstances around the proposed offering in December 2015 by Milestone Medical, Milestone Scientific reevaluated its relationship with Milestone Medical and Milestone Medical's status as a VIE and determined that Milestone Medical did not have sufficient capital at risk to support its activities without additional financial support from Milestone Scientific.  Since the factors giving rise to concluding that Milestone Medical is a VIE happened proximate to the end of fiscal year 2015, the date for measuring the consolidation of Milestone Medical was deemed to be December 31, 2015.

            In the second quarter of 2016, Milestone Scientific initiated a share exchange program pursuant to which it would exchange one share of common stock for every two outstanding shares of Milestone Medical common stock. As there was no change in control, the acquisition of the non-controlling interest is reflected as an equity transaction with the carrying value of the non-controlling interest adjusted to reflect Milestone Scientific's increased ownership interest in the subsidiary.  As a result of these exchanges, Milestone Scientific owns approximately 96% of Milestone Medical at March 31, 2017.

Milestone Education LLC

            Milestone Education is a 50% owned subsidiary of Milestone Scientific which began operations in 2013 to provide training and education to dentists throughout the world. Milestone Scientific accounted for its investment in Milestone Education using the equity method of accounting through December 31, 2015. Approximately 82% of the revenue earned by Milestone Education is from services performed for Milestone Scientific as of March 31, 2017. As a result of this relationship, we determined that we had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Milestone Education's economic performance, and that it was  a VIE and would  be consolidated in the financial statements  of Milestone Scientific effective January 2016.

NOTE - 5 INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES

Advance Ocular Science SA

            Advanced Ocular Sciences SA ("Advanced Ocular") is an entity organized to develop an instrument that delivers injections into the eyes. Advanced Ocular is a shell company as of March 31, 2017, Milestone Scientific owns 25% of this entity. During 2015, Milestone Scientific advanced $78,798 for marketing and strategy planning to Advanced Ocular and they, or their organizers, are obligated to repay this advance once a public offering of Advanced Ocular equity is approved and funded in Poland during 2016. No public offering was completed in Poland as of March 31, 2017.

    As such, Milestone Scientific has written-off the $78,798 advanced to Advanced Ocular as of December 31, 2016. Advance Ocular was not included in the condensed consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2017 as no investment has been made by Milestone Scientific.

Milestone China Ltd.

In June 2014, Milestone Scientific invested $1 million in Milestone China Ltd. (“Milestone China”) by contributing 772 STA Instruments to Milestone China for a 40% ownership interest. Milestone Scientific recorded this investment under the equity method of accounting. Milestone Scientific recorded a loss on its investment in Milestone China of $0 and $164,837, as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Milestone Scientific' investment in Milestone China was $0 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Milestone Scientific incurred losses on its investment in Milestone China of $1,528,376 and $1,124,350 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which have been suspended.

Milestone Scientific had $356,400 and $1,000,000 of related party sales of handpieces and instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to Milestone China. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Milestone Scientific recorded deferred revenues and deferred costs associates with sales to Milestone China of $356,400 and $181,116, and $1,001,800 and $620,041, respectively.  As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Milestone China owes $1,358,200 and $2,714,600, respectively, to Milestone Scientific for handpieces and STA instruments which is included in Accounts Receivable from related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Milestone China paid $1,001,800 in April 2017 to satisfy the outstanding instruments sales from 2016 and therefore $1,001,800 has been recorded in revenue related to 2016 sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.  

            Milestone Scientific recognizes the total revenue and costs of goods sold at the time the shipment of instruments and handpieces to Milestone China are paid. However, due to timing differences of when the inventory is sold to Milestone China and when Milestone China sells the acquired inventory to third parties, elimination of the intra-entity profit is required as of the balance sheet date. In accordance with ASC 323 Equity Method and Joint Ventures, Milestone Scientific has deferred the gross profit associated with inventory shipped to Milestone China that has not been sold to third parties. The deferred profit of $675,391 and $630,990, as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively was included within accounts receivable from related party in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The profit deferred was $44,401 and $104,889 as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and was included within loss on earnings from China Joint Venture on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.   

The following table includes summarized financial information of Milestone China:

 NOTE – 6 Stock Option Plans

Milestone Scientific recognizes compensation expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service period and in the case of performance based options over the period of the expected performance. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively, Milestone Scientific recognized $133,810 and $134,405 of total employee stock based compensation cost, respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and 2016, there was $734,114 and $1,026,024 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested options, respectively, which Milestone Scientific expects to recognize these cost over a weighted average period of 2.7 years and 2.99 years as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718), which includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. During the first quarter 2017, the Company adopted this ASU. The key effects of the adoption on the Company's financial statements include that the Company will now recognize windfall tax benefits as deferred tax assets instead of tracking the windfall pool and recording such benefits in equity. Additionally, the Company has elected to recognize forfeitures by estimating them at the time of grant. This adoption of this pronouncement had no material effects on Milestone Scientific's financial statements. 

A summary of option activity for employees under the plans and changes during the three month ended March 31, 2017, is presented below:

 A summary of option activity for non-employees under the plans as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, and changes during the year ended is presented below:

The fair value of the non-employee options was estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option-pricing model at the date of grant. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 505, Milestone Scientific will re-measure the value of the grant at each presentation date unless there is a significant disincentive for non-performance or until performance has been. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 2016 Milestone Scientific recognized income of $17,092 and expensed $1,175, respectively related to non-employee options.

NOTE – 7 CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

Milestone Scientific's consolidated financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, trade accounts receivable, and advances on contracts. Milestone Scientific places its cash and cash equivalents with large financial institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. Milestone Scientific has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risks. Financial instruments which potentially subject Milestone Scientific to credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable, as Milestone Scientific does not require collateral or other security to support customer receivables, and advances on contracts.  

            Milestone Scientific closely monitors the extension of credit to its customers while maintaining allowances, if necessary, for potential credit losses. On a periodic basis, Milestone Scientific evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts, based on a history of past write-offs and collections and current credit conditions. Management has provided a reserve that it believes is sufficient to record accounts receivable at net realizable value as of March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

NOTE – 8 ADVANCES ON CONTRACTS

The advances on contracts represent funding of future STA inventory purchases. The balance of the advances as of March 31, 2017, and December 31, 2016, is $862,014 and $700,900, respectively. The advance is classified as current based on the estimated annual usage of the underlying inventory.   

NOTE – 9 INCOME TAXES

Due to Milestone Scientific's history of operating losses, a full valuation allowances has been provided for all of Milestone Scientific's deferred tax assets at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, no recognition was given to the utilization of the remaining net operating loss carryforwards in each of these periods.

            The utilization of Milestone Scientific's net operating losses may be subject to a substantial limitation due to the "change of ownership provisions" under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such limitation may result in the expiration of the net operating loss carry forwards before their utilization. Milestone Scientific has established a 100% valuation allowance for all of its deferred tax assets due to uncertainty as to their future realization.

            For the three month ended March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, state tax liability was approximately $7,201 and $47,000, respectively. Such expense was recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE – 10 SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS & GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Milestone Scientific’s consolidated dental sales by product and by geographical region are as follows:

Milestone Scientific has informal arrangements with the manufacturer of the STA, CompuDent® and CompuMed® instruments, one of the principal manufacturers for those instruments pursuant to which they manufacture these products under specific purchase orders but without any long-term contract or minimum purchase commitment. In March 2016, Milestone Scientific entered into a purchase commitment for delivery of 3,000 instruments. There are 700 instruments remaining on this purchase order as of March 31, 2017. An advance an aggregate of $299,180 was remaining at March 31, 2017. In January 2017, Milestone Scientific entered into a purchase commitment for the delivery of 2,000 instruments beginning in the 4^th quarter of 2017. An advance of $514,748 was recorded at March 31, 2017.Consequently, advances on contracts have been classified as current at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, an aggregate of approximately 79% of Milestone Scientific's net product sales were to two customers/ distributors (one of which was a related party), 52% and 27%, respectively. Accounts receivable for the two major customers/distributors amounted to an aggregate of approximately $2,481,055, or 83% of Milestone Scientific's accounts receivable for three months ended March 31, 2017. For the three months March 31, 2016, an aggregate of approximately 82% of Milestone Scientific's net product sales were to three customers/distributors (one of which was a related party), 35%, 26% and 21%, respectively. Accounts receivable for the two major customers /distributors amounted to approximately $2,994,686, or 85% of gross accounts receivable, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

NOTE – 11 RELATED PARTIES

Milestone Scientific has a manufacturing agreement with one of its principal manufacturers of its handpieces, which is a related party, pursuant to which it manufactures products under specific purchase orders, but without minimum purchase commitments. Purchases of handpieces from this manufacturer were $452,352 and $636,059 during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Milestone Scientific Inc owed $1,082,304 and $1,235,052 to this manufacturer as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Milestone Scientific had $356,400 and $1,000,000 of related party sales of handpieces and instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, to Milestone China. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Milestone Scientific recorded deferred revenues and cost associates with sales to Milestone China of $356,400 and $181,116, and $1,001,800 and $620,041, respectively.  As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 Milestone China owes $1,358,200 and $2,714,600, respectively, to Milestone Scientific for handpieces and STA instruments which is included in Accounts Receivable from related party on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Milestone China paid $1,001,800 in April 2017 to satisfy the outstanding instruments sales from 2016 and therefore $1,001,800 has been recorded in revenue related to 2016 sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.  

            Milestone Scientific recognizes the total revenue and costs of goods sold at the time the shipment of instruments and handpieces to Milestone China are paid. However, due to timing differences of when the inventory is sold to Milestone China and when Milestone China sells the acquired inventory to third parties, elimination of the intra-entity profit is required as of the balance sheet date. In accordance with ASC 323 Equity Method and Joint Ventures, Milestone Scientific has deferred the gross profit associated with inventory shipped to Milestone China that has not been sold to third parties. The deferred profit of $675,391 and $630,990, as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively was included within accounts receivable from related party in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The profit deferred was $44,401 and $104,889 as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and was included within loss on earnings from China Joint Venture on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.   

          In August 2013, a stockholder of Milestone Scientific entered a three-year agreement with Milestone Scientific to provide financial and business strategic services. Expenses recognized on this agreement were $25,000 and $35,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. 

NOTE – 12 COMMITMENTS AND OTHER

(1) Lease Commitments

The headquarters for Milestone Scientific is located at 220 South Orange Ave, Livingston, New Jersey. Milestone Scientific leases approximately 7,625 square feet of office space. The lease term expires January 31, 2020 and provides for a monthly lease payment of $12,522. Additionally, Milestone Scientific has other smaller insignificant leases ending through 2017. Further, a third party distribution and logistics center in Pennsylvania handles shipping and order fulfillment on a month-to-month basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, rent expense amounted to $34,993, and $35,232 respectively.

(2) Contract Manufacturing Arrangement

Milestone Scientific has informal arrangements for the manufacture of its product, The STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® instrument is manufactured for Milestone Scientific by Tricor Systems, Inc. pursuant to specific purchase orders. The STA and the Wand® Handpiece with Needle is supplied to Milestone Scientific by a contractor in the United States, which arranges for its manufacture with two factories in China.

The termination of the manufacturing relationship with any of the above manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on Milestone Scientific’s ability to produce and sell its products. Although alternate sources of supply exist and new manufacturing relationships could be established, Milestone Scientific would need to recover its existing tools or have new tools produced. Establishment of new manufacturing relationships could involve significant expense and delay. Any curtailment or interruption of the supply, whether or not as a result of termination of such a relationship, would have a material adverse effect on Milestone Scientific’s financial condition, business and results of operations.

(3) Other Commitments

Milestone Scientific's employment agreement with its Chief Executive Officer provides for payments of $203,111 per year for five years to the executive, or as he directs such payments, to a third party to fund his acquisition of, or contribution to, an annuity, pension, or deferred distribution plan; or for an investment for the benefit of the executive and his family. Milestone Scientific expensed approximately $51,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively to fund this obligation.  

The technology underlying the SafetyWand® and CompuFlo®, and an improvement to the controls for CompuDent® were developed by the Director of Clinical Affairs and assigned to Milestone Scientific. Milestone Scientific purchased this technology pursuant to an agreement dated January 1, 2005. The Director of Clinical Affairs will receive additional payments of 2.5% of the total sales of products using certain of these technologies, and 5% of the total sales of products using certain other of the technologies. The Director of Clinical Affairs was granted, pursuant to the agreement, an option to purchase, at fair market value on the date of the grant 8,333 shares of common stock upon the issuance of each additional patent relating to these technologies. If products produced by third parties use any of these technologies (under license from us) then the Director of Clinical Affairs will receive the corresponding percentage of the consideration received by Milestone Scientific for such sale or license.

The Director of Clinical Affairs’ royalty fee was $131,908 and $190,626 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Additionally, Milestone Scientific expensed consulting fees to the Director of Clinical Affairs of $68,751 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Subsequent Events

Milestone Scientific has evaluated all subsequent events and has determined that there are no events to recognize or disclose in these financial statements.

ITEM 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussions of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Certain statements in this discussion and elsewhere in this report constitute forward-looking statements, within the meaning of section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

OVERVIEW

Our common stock was listed on the NYSE MKT on June 1, 2015 and trades under the symbol “MLSS”. We have developed a proprietary, computer-controlled anesthetic delivery instrument, through the use of The Wand®, a single use disposable handpiece. The instrument is marketed in dentistry under the trademark CompuDent®, and STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® and in medicine under the trademark CompuMed®. CompuDent® is suitable for all dental procedures that require local anesthetic. CompuMed® is suitable for many medical procedures regularly performed in plastic surgery, hair restoration surgery, podiatry, colorectal surgery, dermatology, orthopedics and a number of other disciplines. The dental instruments are sold in the United States and in over 47 countries abroad. There have been no medical instruments sold in the United States and limited amounts sold internationally as of the reporting date, although certain medical instruments have obtained CE mark approval and now can be marketed and sold in most European countries. Milestone Scientific’s products are manufactured by a third-party contract manufacturer.

In 2017, Milestone Scientific remained focused on advancing efforts to achieve our three primary objectives; those being:

STA Instrument Growth

Since its market introduction in early 2007, the STA Instrument and prior C-CLAD products have been used to deliver over 66 million safe, effective and comfortable injections. The instrument has also been favorably evaluated in numerous peer-reviewed, published clinical studies and associated articles. Moreover, there appears to be a growing consensus among users that the STA Instrument is proving to be a valuable and beneficial instrument that is positively impacting the practice of dentistry worldwide.

Global Distribution Network 

United States and Canadian Market

Beginning January 1, 2016, Milestone Scientific entered into a non-exclusive distribution agreement with Henry Schein, Inc. (“Henry Schein”). In June 2016, that agreement was replaced with an exclusive distribution arrangement for our dental products for the United States and Canada with Henry Schein. Under this arrangement we, for the first time, have a semi-dedicated independent sales force visiting dentists. We believe that this arrangement will be more effective than previous arrangements relying on appearances at dental shows and catalog sales.

To date, Henry Schein has endeavored to accomplish the goals set forth in the exclusive distribution agreement for The Wand® STA instrument and handpieces, including training of its exclusive products sales specialists. Specifically, 25 exclusive product sales specialists have now been fully trained as experts in the features, advantages and benefits of The Wand® STA instrument and handpieces and all 25 are currently in the field selling the instrument. Henry Schein also plans to train an additional two to three dedicated customer service representatives to support dentists across North America through its exclusive product sales customer call center.  

Henry Schein’s exclusive products sales specialist team, which is comprised of 25 products sales specialists and supported by over 1,000 field service representatives, will exclusively market and distribute The Wand® STA instrument and handpieces, together with a select group of other devices in the United States and Canada. Our agreement with Henry Schein has minimum purchase order requirements to maintain exclusivity in the third through tenth year of the term of the agreement. 

International Market

On the global front, we also have granted exclusive marketing and distribution rights for the STA Instrument to select dental suppliers in various international regions in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe. They include Istrodent (Pty) Ltd. in South Africa and Unident AB in the Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland.

In October 2012, the State Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) of the People’s Republic of China approved our STA Single Tooth Anesthesia System® (STA System). In May 2014, the CFDA also approved the STA handpieces for sale in China.

In September 2014, Milestone Medical received CE clearance to distribute their epidural and intra-articular instruments in European Community (EU). Milestone Medical is actively pursuing distributors for the instrument in the EU community. Milestone Medical signed a distribution agreement in March 2015 with a medical distributor in Poland for the distribution of the epidural instrument. This distribution agreement was terminated in late 2016 due to the distributor’s inadequate performance under the distribution agreement.

In June 2014, Milestone Scientific invested $1 million in Milestone China Ltd. (“Milestone China”) by contributing 772 STA Instruments to Milestone China for a 40% ownership interest. Milestone Scientific recorded this investment under the equity method of accounting. Since September 2014, we have an established exclusive distribution arrangement with Milestone China for the distribution of the STA Instrument in China, which has led to the placement of our dental instruments in clinics serving major cities in China. Milestone China purchases STA Instruments from us for cash as required. We believe that Milestone China will make a positive impact on the dental and future medical business opportunities in China and other parts of Asia.

In China, where the dental market lags behind other health care services and has largely been neglected in the past, a CS Market Research report indicates that 50% of adults and 70% of children out of China’s estimated 1.3 billion plus population have tooth decay problems and over 90% have periodontal disease. (See Shuyu Sun & Seth Pierrepont. The Dental Equipment Market Over in China, CS Market Research (Sept. 20, 2005) and Opportunities Abound for Dental Care in China, CHINA BRIEFING (February 27, 2015)). With increasing affluence and increasing attention towards personal care, the provision of dental services has been growing rapidly. We expect this will lead to both increased sales of dental instruments and our single-use handpieces.

The following table shows a breakdown of Milestone Scientific’s product sales (net), domestically and internationally, by product category, and the percentage of product sales (net) by each product category:

Milestone Scientific earned gross profit of 62% in each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. However, the revenues and related gross profits have not been sufficient to support overhead, new product introduction and research and development expenses. Although Milestone Scientific anticipates expending funds for research and development in 2017, these amounts will vary based on the operating results for each quarter.

In 2017, Milestone Scientific plans to support increased sales and marketing activity through our current distributors and through newly appointed distributors of the STA instruments and handpieces in the international market. In the United States and Canada, Milestone Scientific will continue the utilization of independent hygienists for training individual practitioners and group practices domestically, refined and directed advertising to dental professionals, continue to develop Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) and support and broaden our global distribution network.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth for the consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as a percentage of revenues. The trends suggested by this table may not be indicative of future operating results:

Three Months ended March 31, 2017 compared to Three Months ended March 31, 2016

The following paragraphs will describe the results of 2017 compared to 2016.

            Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, principally dental revenues, were approximately $3.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The total revenue increased by approximately 3% which was principally related to the increase in instrument and handpiece sales to China. Domestic sales increased by approximately $31,000 in 2017. International sales in 2017 increased by approximately $89,000 over the same period in 2016 principally due to a shipment of STA instruments to Milestone China. However, we believe that the June 2016 exclusive distribution agreement with Henry Schein will lead to increased domestic sales in 2017 as the product and sales force training has been substantially completed as of March 31, 2017.

            Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 were approximately $2.7 million versus $3.0 million in the 2016 period. The decrease of approximately $293,000 is predominantly due to the reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from the completion of the clinical studies relating to Milestone Medical's epidural and intra articular instruments in 2016.

            Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 were approximately $105,000 and $143,000, respectively. The decrease is due to the phasing out of additional development cost associated with epidural and intraarticular instruments.

            The loss from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $526,000 and $943,000, respectively, a decrease of approximately $417,000. This decrease is primarily attributable to the completion of the clinical studies relating to Milestone Medical's epidural and intra articular instruments in 2016.

            The loss on earnings from the China Joint Venture was approximately $40,000 and $270,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of approximately $230,000.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2017, Milestone Scientific had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $2.9 million, total current assets of approximately $11.3 million and working capital of approximately $7.7 million.  We believe that our cash on hand, accounts receivable and the anticipated revenues from the dental business will be sufficient to fund our business operations for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of this Form 10-Q.

            Milestone Scientific continues to take positive steps to maintain adequate inventory levels and advances on contracts to maintain available inventory to meet our domestic and international sales requirements. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, our net cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, which represents a decrease of approximately $0.5 million year over year.

            Milestone Scientific has incurred annual operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities since its inception, except for the year ended December 31, 2013. Milestone Scientific is actively pursuing the generation of positive cash flows from operating activities through increases in revenues based upon management's assessment of present contracts, and current negotiations and reductions in operating expenses. Milestone Scientific believes that clearance to commercialize its epidural and intra-articular instruments will improve our capital raising opportunities and financial condition.  Although there can be no assurances on the timing and ultimate outcome, management believes that FDA clearance for Milestone Medical's 510(k) epidural application may occur by the end of the second quarter of 2017.

            Our condensed consolidated balance sheets included in this report reflects a decrease of approximately $1.4 million in current assets from December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017. This decrease in current assets was primarily due to a reduction in cash, accounts receivable from related party, deferred cost, other receivables and inventory of approximately $2,578,000. Offset by an increase in accounts receivable, advances on contracts, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of an aggregate of approximately $1,203,000.

Current liabilities decreased by approximately $1.4 million, from approximately $5.0 million to approximately $3.6 million. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable of $452,000, accounts payable related party of $153,000, accrued expenses of $141,000 and deferred revenue of $645,000.

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Milestone Scientific is a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Regulation S-K and, as such, is not required to provide the information required by this item.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures

Milestone Scientific’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of Milestone Scientific’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, Milestone Scientific’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2017 are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports Milestone Scientific files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms an that such information is accumulated and communicated to Milestone Scientific's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in Milestone Scientific’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation that occurred during Milestone Scientific’s last fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, Milestone Scientific’s internal controls over financial reporting.  

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

None.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

In the quarter ended March 31, 2017, Milestone Scientific issued a total of 167,081 shares of its common stock as follows:

●        83,333 shares upon the exercise of an outstanding stock option at an exercise price of $0.75 per share;

●        9,158 shares to an employee for a bonus with a total value of $25,000; and

●        an aggregate of 39,271 shares to six consultants for services rendered with a total value of $58,748.

The foregoing shares were issued in reliance upon the exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), pursuant to Sections 4(a)(2) and/or 4(a)(5) thereunder. A legend restricting resale, transfer, or other disposition of these shares other than in compliance with the Act was imprinted on the stock certificates evidencing such shares.

None.

Not applicable.

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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