MKS INSTRUMENTS INC - Annual Report: 2014 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(MARK ONE)

 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

or

 For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File number 0-23621

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(978) 645-5500

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes  x        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes  ¨        No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  x        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  x        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ¨        No  x

Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2014 based on the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock on such date as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market: $1,656,697,531.

Number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s Common Stock, no par value, as of February 18, 2015: 53,199,337

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for MKS’ Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 4, 2015 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. When used herein, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “may,” “see,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements although not all forward looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements reflect management’s current opinions and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied. MKS assumes no obligation to update this information. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of this annual report on Form 10-K.

PART I

MKS Instruments, Inc. (the “Company” or “MKS”) was founded in 1961 as a Massachusetts corporation. We are a global provider of instruments, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, control, power, monitor and analyze critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance and productivity. We also provide services relating to the maintenance and repair of our products, software, service and maintenance, installation services and training.

We group our products into three groups of similar products based upon the similarity of product function. These three groups of products are: Instruments, Control and Vacuum Products; Power and Reactive Gas Products; and Analytical Solutions Group Products. Our products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, materials delivery, gas composition analysis, control and information technology, power and reactive gas generation and vacuum technology. Our products are used in diverse markets, applications and processes. Our primary served markets are manufacturers of semiconductor capital equipment and manufacturers of semiconductor devices, and for other thin film applications including flat panel displays, solar cells, light emitting diodes (“LEDs”), data storage media and other advanced coatings. We also leverage our technology into other markets with advanced manufacturing processes including medical equipment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, energy generation and environmental monitoring.

We have four reportable segments: Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment; Analytical Solutions Group; Europe Region Sales & Service; and Asia Region Sales & Service. The Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment segment includes the development, manufacture, sales and servicing of instruments and control products, power and reactive gas products, materials delivery products and vacuum products, all of which are utilized in semiconductor processing and other similar advanced manufacturing processes. Sales in this segment include both external sales and intercompany sales (which are recorded at agreed upon transfer prices). External sales of these products made in Europe or Asia are reported as sales in the Europe Region Sales & Service or Asia Region Sales & Service segments. The Analytical Solutions Group includes gas composition analysis, information technology products and custom fabrication services. The Europe and Asia region sales and service segments mainly resell and service the Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment and Analytical Solutions Group products sold into their respective regions. For further information on our segments please see Note 21 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financials contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Since our inception, we have focused on satisfying the needs of our customers by establishing long-term, collaborative relationships. We have a diverse base of customers that includes manufacturers of semiconductor capital equipment and semiconductor devices; thin film capital equipment used in the manufacture of flat panel displays; LEDs, solar cells, data storage media and other coating applications; and other industrial, medical, pharmaceutical manufacturing, energy generation, environmental monitoring and other advanced manufacturing companies, as well as university, government and industrial research laboratories.

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We file reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC Headquarters at the Office of Investor Education and Assistance, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You should call 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to you on the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov.

Our internet address is http://www.mksinst.com. We are not including the information contained in our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this annual report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge through our internet site our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to the SEC.

Markets and Applications

We are focused on improving process performance and productivity by measuring, controlling, powering, monitoring and analyzing advanced manufacturing processes in semiconductor, thin film and certain other advanced market sectors. Approximately 70%, 68% and 62% of our net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. Approximately 30%, 32% and 38% of our net revenues in the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were for other advanced manufacturing applications. These include, but are not limited to, thin film processing equipment applications such as flat panel displays; LEDs, solar cells, data storage media and other thin film coatings; as well as medical equipment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, energy generation and environmental monitoring processes; other industrial manufacturing; and university, government and industrial research laboratories.

During the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, international net revenues accounted for approximately 43%, 46% and 49% of our total net revenues, respectively. Net revenues from our Japan and Korea subsidiaries were 20%, 20% and 23% of our total net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Long-lived assets, excluding long-term income tax receivables located in the U.S. were $57.7 million, $60.7 million and $62.2 million as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Long-lived assets, excluding long-term income tax receivable located outside of the U.S. were $17.0 million, $19.0 million, and $20.5 million as of December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications

The majority of our sales are derived from products sold to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. Our products are used in the major semiconductor processing steps such as depositing thin films of material onto silicon wafer substrates and etching and cleaning circuit patterns. In addition, we provide specialized instruments and software to monitor and analyze process performance.

We anticipate that the semiconductor manufacturing market will continue to account for a substantial portion of our sales. While the semiconductor device manufacturing market is global, major semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers are concentrated in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States.

Other Advanced Manufacturing Applications

Our products are used in the manufacture of flat panel displays, LEDs, data storage media, solar cells and other coating applications, including architectural glass, that require the same or similar thin film processes as semiconductor manufacturing.

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Flat Panel Display Manufacturing

Flat panel displays are used in electronic hand-held devices, laptop computers, desktop computer monitors and television sets. We sell products to flat panel display equipment manufacturers and to end-users in the flat panel display market. Major manufacturers of flat panel displays are concentrated in China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and major manufacturers of flat panel display equipment are concentrated in China, Japan, Korea and the United States. The transition to larger panel sizes and higher display resolution is driving the need for improved process control to reduce defects.

Light Emitting Diodes

LEDs are made using vacuum processes similar to semiconductor chip manufacturing. Because of their high brightness and long life, as well as environmentally friendly benefits such as lower power consumption, LEDs have experienced rapid acceptance in back side lighting of flat screen television displays and in general lighting applications.

Solar Cells

Our products are used in crystalline silicon and thin film processes to manufacture photovoltaic cells. Crystalline silicon technology requires wafer based deposition systems and is currently the dominant manufacturing technology in the solar panel industry.

Data Storage Media

Our products are used to manufacture storage media that store and read data magnetically; optical storage media that store and read data using laser technology; hard disks; data storage devices; and digital video discs.

The transition to higher density storage capacity requires manufacturing processes incorporating tighter process controls. Major manufacturers of storage media are concentrated in Japan and the Asia Pacific region, and major manufacturers of storage media capital equipment are concentrated in Europe, Korea and the United States.

Other Advanced Coatings

Thin film coatings for diverse applications such as architectural glass and packaging are deposited using processes similar to those used in semiconductor manufacturing. Thin film processing manufacturers are concentrated in Europe, Korea and the United States.

Other Advanced Applications

Our products are used in other advanced applications, including energy generation and environmental monitoring processes such as nuclear fuel processing, fuel cell research, greenhouse gas monitoring, and chemical agent detection; medical instrument sterilization; consumable medical supply manufacturing and pharmaceutical applications. Our power delivery products are also incorporated into other end-market products such as medical imaging equipment. In addition, our products are sold to government, university and industrial laboratories for vacuum applications involving research and development in materials science, physical chemistry and electronics materials. Major equipment and process providers and research laboratories are concentrated in Europe, Korea and the United States.

Product Groups

We group our products into three product groups, based upon the similarity of the product function, type of product and manufacturing processes. These three groups of products are: Instruments, Control and Vacuum Products; Power and Reactive Gas Products; and Analytical Solutions Group Products.

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Instruments, Control and Vacuum Products

This product group includes pressure measurement and control, materials delivery, control products and vacuum products.

Pressure Measurement and Control Products.    Each of our pressure measurement and control product lines consists of products that are designed for a variety of pressure ranges and accuracies.

Baratron^® Pressure Measurement Products.    These products are typically used to measure the pressure of the gases being distributed upstream of the process chambers, process chamber pressures and pressures between process chambers, vacuum pumps and exhaust lines. We believe we offer the widest range of gas pressure measurement instruments in the semiconductor and advanced thin film materials processing industries.

Automatic Pressure and Vacuum Control Products.    These products enable precise control of process pressure by electronically actuating valves that control the flow of gases in and out of the process chamber to minimize the difference between desired and actual pressure in the chamber.

In most cases, Baratron^® pressure measurement instruments provide the pressure input to the automatic pressure control device. Together, these components create an integrated automatic pressure control subsystem. Our pressure control products can also accept inputs from other measurement instruments, enabling the automatic control of gas input or exhaust based on parameters other than pressure.

Materials Delivery Products.    Each of our materials delivery product lines combines MKS flow, pressure measurement and control technologies to provide customers with integrated subsystems and precise control capabilities that are optimized for a given application.

Flow Measurement and Control Products.    Flow measurement products include gas flow measurement products based upon thermal conductivity and pressure technologies. The flow control products combine the flow measurement device with valve control elements based upon solenoid, piezo-electric and piston pump technologies. These products measure and automatically control the mass flow rate of gases into the process chamber.

Control Products.    We design and manufacture a suite of products that allow semiconductor and other manufacturing customers to better control their processes through computer-controlled automation. These products include digital control network products, process chamber, system controllers and connectivity products.

Digital control network products are used to connect sensors, actuators and subsystems to the chamber and system control computers. They support a variety of industry-standard connection methods as well as conventional discrete digital and analog signals. Chamber and system control computers process these signals in real time and allow customers to precisely manage the process conditions.

Connecting sensors, chambers and tools to the factory network is essential for improving quality and productivity. Our connectivity products allow information to flow from the process sensors and subsystems and from the process tool control computer to the factory network. By enabling this information flow, we believe that we help customers optimize their processes through advanced process control, and diagnose equipment problems from a remote location, which is referred to as “e-diagnostics.”

Vacuum Products.    This group of products consists of vacuum technology products, including vacuum containment components, vacuum gauges, vacuum valves, effluent management subsystems and custom stainless steel chambers, vessels and pharmaceutical process equipment hardware and housings.

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Vacuum Gauging Products.    We offer a wide range of vacuum instruments consisting of vacuum measurement sensors and associated power supply and readout units as well as transducers where the sensor and electronics are integrated within a single package. These gauges complement our Baratron^® capacitance manometers for medium and high vacuum ranges. Our indirect gauges use thermal conductivity and ionization gauge technologies to measure pressure and vacuum levels, and our direct gauges use the pressure measurement technology of a Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based piezo sensor.

Vacuum Valves, Stainless Steel Components, Process Solutions and Custom Stainless Steel Hardware.    Our vacuum valves are used for vacuum isolation of vacuum lines, load locks, vacuum chambers and pumps for chamber isolation and vacuum containment. Our vacuum process solutions consist of vacuum fittings, traps and heated lines that are used downstream from the semiconductor process chamber to control process effluent gases by preventing condensable materials from depositing particles near or back into the process chamber.

Custom Manufactured Components.    Our design and manufacturing facilities build high purity chambers for material and thin film coating processes. We design and build custom panels, weldments, American Society of Manufacturing Engineers vessels and housings, as well as a line of Bioprocessing Equipment Standard certified components for biopharmaceutical processes.

Power and Reactive Gas Products

This group of products includes power delivery and reactive gas generation products used in semiconductor and other thin film applications and in medical imaging equipment applications.

Power Delivery Products.    We design and manufacture microwave, direct current and radio frequency power delivery systems as well as radio frequency matching networks and metrology products. In the semiconductor, thin film and other market sectors, our power supplies are used to provide energy to various etching, stripping and deposition processes. Our power amplifiers are also used in medical imaging equipment.

Reactive Gas Generation Products.    We design and manufacture reactive gas generation products, which create reactive species. A reactive species is an atom or molecule in an unstable state, which is used to facilitate various chemical reactions in processing of thin films (deposition of films, etching and cleaning of films and surface modifications). A number of different technologies are used to create reactive gas including different plasma technologies and barrier discharge technologies.

Our reactive gas products include ozone generators and subsystems used for deposition of insulators onto semiconductor devices, ozonated water delivery systems for advanced semiconductor wafer and flat panel display cleaning, microwave plasma based products for photo resist removal and a line of remote plasma generators which provide reactive gases for a wide range of semiconductor, flat panel and other thin film process applications.

As materials are deposited on wafers, films, or solar cells, the deposited material also accumulates on the walls of the vacuum process chamber. Our atomic fluorine generators are used to clean the process chambers between deposition steps to reduce particulates and contamination caused by accumulated build up on the chamber walls.

Analytical Solutions Group Products

This product group includes gas composition analysis products, information technology products and custom fabrication services.

Gas Composition Analysis Products.    Gas composition analysis instruments are sold to a wide variety of industries including the engine development, environmental emissions monitoring, air safety monitoring and semiconductor industries.

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Mass Spectrometry-Based Gas Composition Analysis Instruments.    These products are based on quadrupole mass spectrometer sensors that separate gases based on molecular weight. These sensors include built-in electronics and software that analyzes the composition of background and process gases in the process chamber. These instruments are provided both as bench top laboratory systems and as process gas monitoring systems used in the diagnosis of semiconductor manufacturing process systems.

Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Based Gas Composition Analysis Products.    FTIR-based products provide information about the composition of gases by measuring the absorption of infra-red light as it passes through the sample being measured. Gas analysis applications include measuring the compositions of mixtures of reactant gases; measuring the purity of individual process gases; measuring the composition of process exhaust gas streams to determine process health; monitoring emissions to ensure environmental compliance and monitoring ambient air for safety. These instruments are provided as standalone monitors and as process gas monitoring systems.

Mass spectrometry-based and FTIR-based gas monitoring systems can indicate out-of-bounds conditions, such as the presence of undesirable contaminant gases and water vapor or out-of-tolerance amounts of specific gases in the process, which alert operators to diagnose and repair faulty equipment.

Information Technology Products.    We design software products including design of experiment and multivariate analysis software for analyzing large and complex data sets. Our focus is on providing solutions which improve the quality and yield of manufacturing processes for the pharmaceutical, biotech and other industries.

Custom Fabrication.    Our fabrication facility builds precision machined components and electromechanical assemblies for the analytical instrument, scientific, semiconductor and medical industries to ultra-high vacuum standards.

Customers

Our largest customers include leading semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers such as Applied Materials, Inc. and Lam Research Corporation. Revenues to our top ten customers accounted for approximately 50%, 46% and 42% of net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Applied Materials, Inc. accounted for approximately 19%, 17% and 14% and Lam Research Corporation accounted for 13%, 12% and 10% of our net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Sales, Marketing, Service and Support

Our worldwide sales, marketing, service and support organization is critical to our strategy of maintaining close relationships with semiconductor capital equipment and device manufacturers and manufacturers of other advanced applications. We sell our products primarily through our direct sales force. As of December 31, 2014, we had 161 sales employees worldwide, located in China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. We also maintain sales representatives and agents in a number of countries, who supplement our direct sales force. We maintain a marketing staff that identifies customer requirements, assists in product planning and specifications, and focuses on future trends in semiconductor and other markets.

As semiconductor device manufacturers have become increasingly sensitive to the significant costs of system downtime, they have required that suppliers offer comprehensive local repair service and close customer support. Manufacturers require close support to enable them to repair, modify, upgrade and retrofit their equipment to improve yields and adapt new materials or processes. To meet these market requirements, we maintain internal worldwide sales and support organizations in nine countries and external third party worldwide sales and support organizations in six countries. Technical support is provided from offices in China, Germany, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Repair and calibration services are

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provided at seventeen internal and four third party service depots located worldwide. We typically provide warranties from one to three years, depending upon the type of product, with the majority of our products ranging from one to two years.

Research and Development

Our products incorporate sophisticated technologies to power, measure, control and monitor increasingly complex gas-related semiconductor and other advanced manufacturing processes, thereby enhancing uptime, yield and throughput for our customers. Our products have continuously advanced as we strive to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We have developed, and continue to develop, new products to address industry trends, such as the shrinking of integrated circuit critical dimensions to 14 nanometers and below and, in the flat panel display and solar markets, the transition to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced process control technology. In addition, we have developed, and continue to develop, products that support the migration to new classes of materials, ultra-thin layers, and new structures such as copper for low resistance conductors, high-k dielectric materials for capacitors and gates and low-k dielectric materials for low loss insulators and 3D structures that are used in small geometry manufacturing. We involve our marketing, engineering, manufacturing and sales personnel in the development of new products in order to reduce the time to market for new products. Our employees also work closely with our customers’ development personnel, helping us to identify and define future technical needs on which to focus research and development efforts. We support research at academic institutions targeted at advances in materials science and semiconductor process development.

As of December 31, 2014, we had 348 research and development employees, primarily located in the United States. Our research and development expenses were $62.9 million, $63.6 million and $60.1 million for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our research and development efforts include numerous projects, none of which are individually material, and generally have a duration of 3 to 30 months depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing technology or a new product. Our current initiatives include projects to enhance the performance characteristics of older products, to develop new products and to integrate various technologies into subsystems.

Manufacturing

Our primary manufacturing facilities are located in the United States, China, Mexico, Korea, Germany, the United Kingdom and Israel. Manufacturing activities include the assembly and testing of components and subassemblies, which are integrated into our products. We outsource some of our subassembly work. We purchase a wide range of electronic, mechanical and electrical components, some of which are designed to our specifications. We consider our lean manufacturing techniques and responsiveness to customers’ significantly fluctuating product demands to be a competitive advantage. As of December 31, 2014, we had 1,555 manufacturing related employees, located mostly in the United States and China.

Competition

The market for our products is highly competitive. Principal competitive factors include:

Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, there can be no assurance that we will continue to do so.

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We encounter substantial competition in most of our product lines, although no single competitor competes with us across all product lines. Certain of our competitors may have greater financial and other resources than we do. In some cases, competitors are smaller than we are, but are well established in specific product niches. Hitachi and Horiba offer materials delivery products that compete with our product line of mass flow controllers. Nor-Cal Products, Inc. and VAT, Inc. offer products that compete with our vacuum components. Inficon offers products that compete with our vacuum measurement and gas analysis products and our vacuum gauging products. Advanced Energy offers products that compete with our power delivery and reactive gas generator products.

Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and license agreements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. As of December 31, 2014, we owned 376 U.S. patents and 696 foreign patents that expire at various dates through 2034. As of December 31, 2014, we had 77 pending U.S. patent applications. Foreign counterparts of certain U.S. applications have been filed or may be filed at the appropriate time.

We require each of our employees, including our executive officers, to enter into standard agreements pursuant to which the employee agrees to keep confidential all of our proprietary information and to assign to us all inventions while they are employed by us.

Employees

As of December 31, 2014, we employed 2,371 persons. We believe that our ongoing success depends upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees for whom competition is intense. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or is party to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Acquisitions

On May 30, 2014, we acquired Granville-Phillips (“GP”), a division of Brooks Automation, Inc. (“Brooks”), for $87 million. GP is a leading global provider of vacuum measurement and control instruments to the semiconductor, thin film and general industrial markets.

On March 12, 2013, we acquired Alter S.r.l. (“Alter”) located in Reggio Emilia, Italy. Alter develops advanced microwave power generators, components and systems for industrial microwave heating, microwave plasma coating and semiconductor applications. The purchase price net of cash acquired and after final debt and working capital post-close adjustments, was $2.4 million.

On August 29, 2012, we acquired Plasmart, Inc. (“Plasmart”) located in Daejeon, Korea. Plasmart develops radio frequency (RF), plasma generation and monitoring systems for the semiconductor, flat panel display, active matrix organic light emitting diodes and solar photovoltaic industries. The purchase price was $22.6 million, net of $0.1 million of cash acquired.

The following factors could materially affect MKS’ business, financial condition or results of operations and should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its business, in addition to other information presented elsewhere in this report.

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Our business depends substantially on capital spending in the semiconductor industry, which is characterized by periodic fluctuations that may cause a reduction in demand for our products.

Approximately 70%, 68% and 62% of our net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers, and we expect that sales to such customers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our sales. Our business depends upon the capital expenditures of semiconductor device manufacturers, which in turn depends upon the demand for semiconductors.

Historically, the semiconductor market has been highly cyclical and has experienced periods of overcapacity, resulting in significantly reduced demand for capital equipment, which may result in lower gross margins due to reduced absorption of manufacturing overhead. In addition, many semiconductor manufacturers have operations and customers in Asia, a region that in past years has experienced serious economic problems including currency devaluations, debt defaults, lack of liquidity and recessions.

The cyclicality of the semiconductor market is demonstrated by the changes in sales to semiconductor capital equipment and device manufacturers in past years. For example, our sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers increased by 19% and 14% in 2014 and 2013, respectively, but decreased by 20% in 2012, compared to 2011. We cannot be certain of the timing or magnitude of future semiconductor industry downturns or recoveries. A decline in the level of orders as a result of any additional downturn or slowdown in the semiconductor capital equipment industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated, and are likely to continue to vary significantly, which may result in volatility in the market price of our Common Stock.

A substantial portion of our shipments occurs shortly after an order is received and therefore, we operate with a low level of backlog. As a result, a decrease in demand for our products from one or more customers could occur with limited advance notice and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any particular period. A significant percentage of our expenses are fixed and based in part on expectations of future net revenues. The inability to adjust spending quickly enough to compensate for any shortfall would magnify the adverse impact of a shortfall in net revenues on our results of operations. Factors that could cause fluctuations in our net revenues include:

In addition, our quarterly operating results may be adversely affected due to charges incurred in a particular quarter, for example, relating to inventory obsolescence, warranty, bad debt or asset impairments.

As a result of the factors discussed above, it is likely that we may in the future experience quarterly or annual fluctuations and that, in one or more future quarters, our operating results may fall below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In any such event, the price of our Common Stock could fluctuate or decline significantly.

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The loss of net revenues to any one of our major customers would likely have a material adverse effect on us.

Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 50%, 46% and 42% of our net revenues for the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. During the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, one customer, Applied Materials, accounted for approximately 19%, 17% and 14%, of our net revenues, respectively and another customer, Lam Research, accounted for 13%, 12% and 10% of our net revenues, respectively. The loss of a major customer or any reduction in orders by these customers, including reductions due to market or competitive conditions, would likely have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. None of our significant customers has entered into an agreement with us requiring it to purchase any minimum quantity of our products. The demand for our products from our semiconductor capital equipment customers depends on the cyclicality of our served markets, specifically semiconductor device manufacturer customers.

Attempts to lessen the adverse effect of any loss or reduction of net revenues through the rapid addition of new customers could be difficult because prospective customers typically require lengthy qualification periods prior to placing volume orders with a new supplier. Our future success will continue to depend upon:

As part of our business strategy, we have entered into and may enter into or seek to enter into business combinations and acquisitions that may be difficult and costly to integrate, may be disruptive to our business, may dilute stockholder value or may divert management attention.

We have made acquisitions and, as a part of our business strategy, we may enter into additional business combinations and acquisitions. Acquisitions are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including the difficulty of integrating the operations, technology and personnel of the acquired companies, the potential disruption of our ongoing business and distraction of management, possible internal control weaknesses of the acquired companies, expenses related to the acquisition and potential unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses. If we are not successful in completing acquisitions that we may pursue in the future, we may be required to re-evaluate our growth strategy, and we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management time and resources in seeking to complete proposed acquisitions that may not generate benefits for us.

In addition, with future acquisitions, we could use substantial portions of our available cash as all or a portion of the purchase price. We could also issue additional securities as consideration for these acquisitions, which could cause significant stockholder dilution, or obtain debt financing, which could reduce our future cash flow, without achieving the desired accretion to our business. Further, our prior acquisitions and any future acquisitions may not ultimately help us achieve our strategic goals and may pose other risks to us.

As a result of our previous acquisitions, we have several different decentralized operating and accounting systems. We will need to continue to modify our accounting policies, internal controls, procedures and compliance programs to provide consistency across all of our operations. In order to increase efficiency and operating effectiveness and improve corporate visibility into our decentralized operations, we are currently implementing a worldwide Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system. We expect to continue to implement the ERP system in phases over the next few years. Any future implementations may risk potential disruption of our operations during the conversion periods and the implementations could require significantly more management time and higher implementation costs than currently estimated.

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An inability to convince semiconductor device manufacturers to specify the use of our products to our customers that are semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers would weaken our competitive position.

The markets for our products are highly competitive. Our competitive success often depends upon factors outside of our control. For example, in some cases, particularly with respect to mass flow controllers, semiconductor device manufacturers may direct semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers to use a specified supplier’s product in their equipment. Accordingly, for such products, our success will depend in part on our ability to have semiconductor device manufacturers specify that our products be used at their semiconductor fabrication facilities. In addition, we may encounter difficulties in changing established relationships of competitors that already have a large installed base of products within such semiconductor fabrication facilities.

If our products are not designed into successive generations of our customers’ products, we will lose significant net revenues during the lifespan of those products.

New products designed by capital equipment manufacturers typically have a lifespan of five to ten years. Our success depends on our products being designed into new generations of equipment. We must develop products that are technologically advanced so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of capital equipment. If customers do not choose our products, our net revenues may be reduced during the lifespan of our customers’ products. In addition, we must make a significant capital investment to develop products for our customers well before our products are introduced and before we can be sure that we will recover our capital investment through sales to the customers in significant volume. We are thus also at risk during the development phase that our products may fail to meet our customers’ technical or cost requirements and may be replaced by a competitive product or alternative technology solution. If that happens, we may be unable to recover our development costs.

The semiconductor industry is subject to rapid demand shifts which are difficult to predict. As a result, our inability to expand our manufacturing capacity in response to these rapid shifts may cause a reduction in our market share.

Our ability to increase sales of certain products depends in part upon our ability to expand our manufacturing capacity for such products in a timely manner. If we are unable to expand our manufacturing capacity on a timely basis or to manage such expansion effectively, our customers could implement our competitors’ products and, as a result, our market share could be reduced. Because the semiconductor industry is subject to rapid demand shifts, which are difficult to foresee, we may not be able to increase capacity quickly enough to respond to a rapid increase in demand. Additionally, capacity expansion could increase our fixed operating expenses and if sales levels do not increase to offset the additional expense levels associated with any such expansion, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Manufacturing interruptions or delays could affect our ability to meet customer demand and lead to higher costs, while the failure to estimate customer demand accurately could result in excess or obsolete inventory.

Our business depends on its timely supply of equipment, services and related products that meet the rapidly changing technical and volume requirements of our customers, which depends in part on the timely delivery of parts, components and subassemblies (collectively, parts) from suppliers, including contract manufacturers. Cyclical industry conditions and the volatility of demand for manufacturing equipment increase capital, technical, operational and other risks for us and for companies throughout our supply chain. We may also experience significant interruptions of our manufacturing operations, delays in our ability to deliver products or services, increased costs or customer order cancellations as a result of:

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In addition, if we need to rapidly increase our business and manufacturing capacity to meet increases in demand or expedited shipment schedules, this may exacerbate any interruptions in our manufacturing operations and supply chain and the associated effect on our working capital. Moreover, if actual demand for our products is different than expected, we may purchase more/fewer parts than necessary or incur costs for canceling, postponing or expediting delivery of parts. If we purchase inventory in anticipation of customer demand that does not materialize, or if our customers reduce or delay orders, we may incur excess inventory charges. Any or all of these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A material amount of our assets represents goodwill and intangible assets, and our net income would be reduced if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.

As of December 31, 2014, our goodwill and intangible assets, net, represented approximately $238.8 million, or 19.5% of our total assets. Goodwill is generated in our acquisitions when the cost of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets we acquire. Goodwill is subject to an impairment analysis at least annually based on the fair value of the reporting unit. Intangible assets relate primarily to the developed technologies, customer relationships and patents and trademarks acquired by us as part of our acquisitions of other companies and are subject to an impairment analysis whenever events or changes in circumstances exist that indicate that the carrying value of the intangible asset might not be recoverable. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets. If market and economic conditions or business performance deteriorate, the likelihood that we would record an impairment charge would increase, which impairment charge could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We operate in a highly competitive industry.

The market for our products is highly competitive. Principal competitive factors include:

Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, we may not be able to continue to do so. We encounter substantial competition in most of our product lines. Certain of our competitors may have greater financial and other resources than we have. In some cases, competitors are smaller than we are, but well established in specific product niches. We may encounter difficulties in changing established relationships of competitors with a large installed base of products at such customers’ fabrication facilities. In addition, our competitors can be expected to continue to improve the design and performance of their products. Competitors may develop products that offer price or performance features superior to those of our products. If our competitors develop superior products, we may lose existing customers and market share.

We have significant foreign operations, and outsource certain operations offshore, which pose significant risks.

We have significant international sales, service, engineering and manufacturing operations in Europe, Israel and Asia, and have outsourced a portion of our manufacturing and service to a subcontractor in Mexico. In the future, we may expand the level of manufacturing and certain other operations that we perform offshore in order to take advantage of cost efficiencies available to us in those countries. However, we may not achieve the

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significant cost savings or other benefits that we would anticipate from moving manufacturing and other operations to a lower cost region. These foreign operations expose us to operational and political risks that may harm our business, including:

If any of these risks materialize, our operating results may be adversely affected.

We may have risks associated with export violations in our Shanghai office.

In 2012, an employee from our Shanghai, China subsidiary was arrested as part of a U.S. government investigation into violations of U.S. law, and plead guilty to providing false information to obtain U.S. export licenses for certain of our pressure transducers. In 2013, U.S. authorities also indicted third parties not affiliated with us for export violations relating to the downstream sale of our products. We have cooperated fully with the government’s investigation, and authorities have made it clear that we are not a target of the investigation. In addition, we have conducted our own investigation. Although we took corrective human resources actions and have, since 2012, implemented additional export compliance procedures, we cannot be certain these efforts will be sufficient to avoid similar situations. While we do not expect any of the alleged violations to have a material adverse effect upon our business, we cannot be certain of the outcome of the governmental investigation, which could include the identification of other violations, fines, penalties, restrictions on export activities or other governmental actions.

Unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations may lead to lower operating margins or may cause us to raise or reduce prices, which could result in reduced sales.

Currency exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our net revenues and results of operations and we could experience losses with respect to our hedging activities. Unfavorable currency fluctuations could require us to increase or decrease prices to foreign customers, which could result in lower net revenues by us to such customers. Alternatively, if we do not adjust the prices for our products in response to unfavorable currency fluctuations, our results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, most sales made by our foreign subsidiaries are denominated in the currency of the country in which these products are sold and the currency they receive in payment for such sales could be less valuable at the time of receipt as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. We enter into forward foreign exchange contracts to reduce currency exposure arising from intercompany sales of inventory as well as intercompany accounts receivable and intercompany loans. However, we cannot be certain that our efforts will be adequate to protect us against significant currency fluctuations or that such efforts will not expose us to additional exchange rate risks.

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Changes in tax rates or tax regulation could affect results of operations.

As a global company, we are subject to taxation in the United States and various other countries. Significant judgment is required to determine and estimate worldwide tax liabilities. Our future annual and quarterly effective tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in the applicable tax laws; composition of pre-tax income in countries with differing tax rates; and/or valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, we are subject to regular examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service and state, local and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of favorable or unfavorable outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any final determination will not be materially different from the treatment reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Key personnel may be difficult to attract and retain.

Our success depends to a large extent upon the efforts and abilities of a number of key employees and officers, particularly those with expertise in the semiconductor manufacturing and similar industrial manufacturing industries. The loss of key employees or officers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical, financial, managerial and sales and marketing personnel. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel.

A breach of our operational or security systems could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on various information technology networks and systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information, including confidential data, and to carry out and support a variety of business activities, including manufacturing, research and development, supply chain management, sales and accounting. A failure in or a breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our suppliers and other service providers, including as a result of cyber attacks, could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, damage our reputation, cause losses and increase our costs.

Our proprietary technology is important to the continued success of our business. Our failure to protect this proprietary technology may significantly impair our competitive position.

As of December 31, 2014, we owned 376 U.S. patents and 696 foreign patents, that expire at various dates through 2034. As of December 31, 2014, we had 77 pending U.S. patent applications. Although we seek to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other measures, we cannot be certain that:

Protection of our intellectual property rights may result in costly litigation.

Litigation may be necessary in order to enforce our patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement. We are, from time to time, involved in lawsuits enforcing or defending our intellectual property rights. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

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We may need to expend significant time and expense to protect our intellectual property regardless of the validity or successful outcome of such intellectual property claims. If we lose any litigation, we may be required to seek licenses from others, pay royalties, change, stop manufacturing or stop selling some of our products.

The market price of our Common Stock has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate for reasons over which we have no control.

The stock market has from time to time experienced, and is likely to continue to experience, extreme price and volume fluctuations. Prices of securities of technology companies have been especially volatile and have often fluctuated for reasons that are unrelated to the operating performance of the companies. Historically, the market price of shares of our Common Stock has fluctuated greatly and could continue to fluctuate due to a variety of factors. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been the objects of securities class action litigation. If we were the object of securities class action litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

We may not pay dividends on our Common Stock.

Holders of our Common Stock are only entitled to receive such dividends when and if they are declared by our board of directors. Although we have declared cash dividends on our Common Stock since 2011, we are not required to do so and may reduce or eliminate our cash dividend in the future. This could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

Our dependence on sole, limited source suppliers, and international suppliers, could affect our ability to manufacture products and systems.

We rely on sole, limited source suppliers and international suppliers for a few of our components and subassemblies that are critical to the manufacturing of our products. This reliance involves several risks, including the following:

We believe we could obtain and qualify alternative sources for most sole, limited source and international supplier parts however, the transition time may be long. Seeking alternative sources for these parts could require us to redesign our systems, resulting in increased costs and likely shipping delays. We may be unable to redesign our systems, which could result in further costs and shipping delays. These increased costs would decrease our profit margins if we could not pass the costs to our customers. Further, shipping delays could damage our relationships with current and potential customers and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are subject to governmental regulations. If we fail to comply with these regulations, our business could be harmed.

We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign regulations, including environmental regulations and regulations relating to the design and operation of our products. We must ensure that the affected products meet a variety of standards, many of which vary across the countries in which our systems are used. For example, the European Union has published directives specifically relating to power supplies. In addition, the European Union has issued directives relating to regulation of recycling and hazardous substances, which may be applicable to our products, or to which some customers may voluntarily elect to adhere to. China has adopted, and certain other Asian countries have indicated, an intention to adopt, similar regulations. We must comply with any applicable regulation adopted in connection with these types of directives in order to ship affected products into countries that adopt these types of regulations. We believe we are in compliance with current applicable

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regulations, directives and standards and have obtained all necessary permits, approvals and authorizations to conduct our business. However, compliance with future regulations, directives and standards, or customer demands beyond such requirements, could require us to modify or redesign certain systems, make capital expenditures or incur substantial costs. If we do not comply with current or future regulations, directives and standards:

Regulations and customer demands related to conflict minerals and hazardous materials may adversely affect us.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act imposes disclosure requirements regarding the use in our products of “conflict minerals” mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries, whether or not the components of our products are manufactured by us or third parties. In addition, several of our customers have requested that we disclose to them our use of numerous hazardous materials in our products. Our supply chain is very complex and the implementation of these requirements could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of minerals used in the manufacture of our products. In addition, there are additional costs associated with complying with the disclosure requirements and customer requests, such as costs related to our due diligence to determine the source of any “conflict minerals” or the identity of any hazardous materials used in our products. We face the additional challenge that many of our suppliers, both domestic and foreign, are not obligated by the new “conflict minerals” law to investigate their own supply chain. Despite our due diligence efforts, we may be unable to verify the origin of all “conflict minerals” used in our products and/or the use of one or more hazardous materials in our products. As a result, we may be unable to certify that our products are “conflict-free” and/or free of certain hazardous materials. If we are unable to meet our customer requirements, customers may discontinue purchasing from us, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition or operating results.

Some provisions of our restated articles of organization, as amended, our amended and restated by-laws and Massachusetts law could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control.

Anti-takeover provisions could diminish the opportunities for stockholders to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then current market price of the Common Stock. Such provisions may also inhibit increases in the market price of the Common Stock that could result from takeover attempts. For example, while we have no present plans to issue any preferred stock, our board of directors, without further stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of us. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our Common Stock, including the loss of voting control to others. In addition, our amended and restated by-laws provide for a classified board of directors consisting of three classes. The classified board could also have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of our Company.

Changes in financial accounting standards may adversely affect our reported results of operations.

A change in accounting standards or practices could have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change was effective. New accounting pronouncements and varying interpretations of existing accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. Such changes may adversely affect our reported financial results or may impact our related business practice.

None.

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The following table provides information concerning MKS’ principal and certain other owned and leased facilities as of December 31, 2014:

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In addition to manufacturing and other operations conducted at the foregoing leased or owned facilities, MKS provides worldwide sales, customer support and services from various other leased facilities throughout the world not listed in the table above. See “Business—Sales, Marketing, Service and Support.”

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, which have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Price Range of Common Stock

Our Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol MKSI. On February 18, 2015, the closing price of our Common Stock, as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, was $35.44 per share. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our Common Stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

On February 18, 2015, we had approximately 117 stockholders of record.

Dividend Policy and Cash Dividends

Holders of our Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by our board of directors. During 2014, our board of directors declared one quarterly dividend of $0.16 per share and three quarterly dividends of $0.165 per share, which totaled $34.9 million or $0.655 per share. During 2013, our board of directors declared four quarterly dividends of $0.16 per share, which totaled $34.0 million or $0.64 per share.

Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of our board of directors. The board of directors intends to declare and pay cash dividends on our Common Stock based on the financial conditions and results of operations of the Company, although it has no obligation to do so.

On February 9, 2015, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.165 per share to be paid on March 13, 2015 to shareholders of record as of March 2, 2015.

Purchase of Equity Shares

On July 25, 2011, our board of directors approved and on July 27, 2011, we publicly announced, a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 million of our outstanding Common Stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means (the “Program”). The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased will depend upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2014, we repurchased approximately 728,000 shares of our common stock for $20.8 million at an average price of $28.59 per share. No repurchases occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2014.

We have repurchased approximately 1.4 million shares of our common stock for approximately $37.2 million pursuant to the Program since its adoption.

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Comparative Stock Performance

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return (assuming reinvestment of dividends) from investing $100 on December 31, 2009, and plotted at the last trading day of each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014, in each of MKS’ Common Stock; an industry group index of semiconductor equipment/material manufacturers (the “Morningstar Semiconductor Equipment & Materials Industry Group”), compiled by Morningstar, Inc.; and the NASDAQ Market Index of companies. The stock price performance on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance. Our Common Stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol MKSI.

Performance Graph

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Selected Consolidated Financial Data

Net income for 2013 includes charges, net of tax, of $1.6 million of costs and other benefits related to the retirement of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and $0.9 million of restructuring costs and a benefit, net of tax, of $0.7 million from an insurance reimbursement related to a 2012 litigation settlement. Net income for 2012 includes charges, net of tax, of $3.3 million for a litigation settlement and $0.8 million of acquisition related costs.

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Overview

We are a global provider of instruments, subsystems and process control solutions that measure, control, power, monitor and analyze critical parameters of advanced manufacturing processes to improve process performance and productivity. We also provide services relating to the maintenance and repair of our products, software maintenance, installation services and training.

Our products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, materials delivery, gas composition analysis, control and information technology, power and reactive gas generation and vacuum technology. Our products are used in diverse markets, applications and processes. Our primary service markets are manufacturers of capital equipment for semiconductor devices, and for other thin film applications including flat panel displays, solar cells and light emitting diodes (“LEDs”), data storage media and other advanced coatings. We also leverage our technology into other markets with advanced manufacturing applications including medical equipment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, energy generation and environmental monitoring.

We have a diverse base of customers that includes manufacturers of semiconductor capital equipment and semiconductor devices; thin film capital equipment used in the manufacture of flat panel displays; LEDs, solar cells, data storage media and other coating applications; and other industrial, medical, energy generation, environmental monitoring and manufacturing companies, and university, government and industrial research laboratories. During the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, approximately 70%, 68% and 62% of our net revenues, respectively, were to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. We expect that sales to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers will continue to account for a substantial portion of our sales.

We have four reportable segments: Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment; Analytical Solutions Group; Europe Region Sales & Service; and Asia Region Sales & Service. The Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment segment includes the development, manufacture, sales and servicing of instruments and control products, power and reactive gas products, materials delivery products and vacuum products, all of which are utilized in semiconductor processing and other similar advanced manufacturing processes. Sales in this segment include both external sales and intercompany sales (which are recorded at agreed upon transfer prices). External sales of these products made in Europe or Asia are reported as sales in the Europe Region Sales & Service or Asia Region Sales & Service segments. The Analytical Solutions Group includes, gas composition analysis, information technology products and custom fabrication services. The Europe and Asia Region Sales and Service segments mainly resell and service the Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment and Analytical Solutions Group products sold into their respective regions.

We group our products into three product groups, based upon the similarity of the product function, type of product and manufacturing processes. These three groups of products are: Instruments, Control and Vacuum Products; Power and Reactive Gas Products; and Analytical Solutions Group Products.

Net revenues to semiconductor capital equipment manufacture and semiconductor device manufacture customers increased by 19% in 2014 compared to the prior year, after increasing by 14% in 2013 compared to 2012. We had sequential revenue increases in each quarter of 2013 and into the first quarter of 2014. Semiconductor revenues increased from $90 million in the first quarter of 2013 to $150 million in the first quarter of 2014. In the second and third quarters of 2014, there was a pause in spending in the semiconductor market, and we saw a decrease in our semiconductor revenues to $127 million and $126 million, respectively. However, in the fourth quarter of 2014, we saw an increase in semiconductor revenues to $142 million. The semiconductor capital equipment industry is subject to rapid demand shifts, which are difficult to predict, and we are uncertain as to the timing or extent of future demand or any future weakness in the semiconductor capital equipment industry.

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Our net revenues from other advanced markets, which exclude semiconductor capital equipment and semiconductor device product applications, increased 12% in 2014 compared to the prior year after decreasing 13% in 2013, mainly as a result of decrease in the solar markets. We saw five consecutive quarters of growth in our other advanced markets starting in the quarter ended December 31, 2013. Revenues from customers in other advanced markets are made up of many different markets including general industrial, solar, film, medical, analysis metrology and other markets. The increase is primarily attributed to the general industrial market which increased 38% in 2014 compared to the prior year. Approximately 30% of our net revenues for 2014 were to other advanced markets and we anticipate that these markets will grow and could represent a larger portion of our revenue.

A significant portion of our net revenues is in international markets. During the years 2014, 2013 and 2012, international net revenues accounted for approximately 43%, 46% and 49% of our net revenues, respectively. A significant portion of our international net revenues were sales in Korea and Japan. We expect that international net revenues will continue to represent a significant percentage of our total net revenues.

On May 30, 2014, we acquired Granville-Phillips (“GP”), a division of Brooks Automation, Inc. (“Brooks”), for $87 million. GP is a leading global provider of vacuum measurement and control instruments to the semiconductor, thin film and general industrial markets. The acquisition aligns with our current strategy to grow our semiconductor business, while diversifying into other high growth markets.

On March 12, 2013, we acquired Alter S.r.l. (“Alter”), located in Reggio Emilia, Italy. Alter develops advanced microwave power generators, components and systems for industrial microwave heating, microwave plasma coating and semiconductor applications. The purchase price net of cash acquired and after final debt and working capital post-close adjustments, was $2.4 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory, warranty costs, stock-based compensation expense, intangible assets, goodwill and other long-lived assets, in-process research and development and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the most significant judgments, assumptions and estimates we use in preparing our consolidated financial statements:

Revenue Recognition and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.    Revenue from product sales is recorded upon transfer of title and risk of loss to the customer provided that there is evidence of an arrangement, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. In most transactions, we have no obligations to our customers after the date products are shipped other than pursuant to warranty obligations. We do not frequently enter into arrangements with multiple deliverables; however, for those revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables, we allocate revenue to each element based upon its relative selling price using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), or third-party evidence (“TPE”) or based upon the relative selling price using estimated prices if VSOE or TPE does not exist. We then recognize revenue on each deliverable in accordance with our policies for product and service revenue recognition. We defer the fair value

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of any undelivered elements until the undelivered element is delivered. Fair value is the price charged when the element is sold separately. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers, if any, are recognized as revenue. The related shipping and handling costs are recognized in cost of sales.

We monitor and track the amount of product returns, provide for sales return allowances and reduce revenue at the time of shipment for the estimated amount of such future returns, based on historical experience. While product returns have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, there is no assurance that we will continue to experience the same return rates that we have in the past. Any significant increase in product return rates could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such returns materialize.

While we maintain a credit approval process, significant judgments are made by management in connection with assessing our customers’ ability to pay at the time of shipment. Despite this assessment, from time to time, our customers are unable to meet their payment obligations. We continuously monitor our customers’ credit worthiness, and use our judgment in establishing a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience and any specific customer collection issues that we have identified. While such credit losses have historically been within our expectations and the provisions established, there is no assurance that we will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that we have in the past. A significant change in the liquidity or financial position of our customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of accounts receivable and our future operating results.

Inventory.    We value our inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and record a provision to write-down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value, if less than cost, based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand. Once our inventory value is written-down and a new cost basis has been established, the inventory value is not increased due to demand increases. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. A significant increase in the demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of inventory purchases as a result of supply shortages or a decrease in the cost of inventory purchases as a result of volume discounts, while a significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the charges for excess inventory quantities on hand. In addition, our industry is subject to technological change, new product development and product technological obsolescence that could result in an increase in the amount of obsolete inventory quantities on hand. Therefore, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results. For 2014, 2013 and 2012, our total charges for excess and obsolete inventory totaled $12.1 million, $21.7 million and $15.0 million, respectively. Included in our total charges for excess and obsolete inventory in 2013 is $6.4 million of special charges for obsolete inventory related to a unique product in a solar application as a result of slowing market conditions, which provided uncertainty as to the net realizable value of this inventory.

Warranty Costs.    We provide for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition of the related revenue. We provide warranty coverage for our products ranging from 12 to 36 months, with the majority of our products ranging from 12 to 24 months. We estimate the anticipated costs of repairing our products under such warranties based on the historical costs of the repairs and any known specific product issues. The assumptions we use to estimate warranty accruals are re-evaluated periodically in light of actual experience and, when appropriate, the accruals are adjusted. Our determination of the appropriate level of warranty accrual is based upon estimates. Should product failure rates differ from our estimates, actual costs could vary significantly from our expectations.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense.    We record compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to employees and directors based upon the estimated fair market value of the underlying instrument. Accordingly, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based upon the fair value of the award.

We typically issue restricted stock units (“RSUs”) as stock-based compensation. We also provide employees the opportunity to purchase shares through an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). For RSUs, the fair value

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is the stock price on the date of grant. For shares issued under our ESPP, we have estimated the fair value on the date of grant using the Black Scholes pricing model, which is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, expected life, risk free interest rate and expected dividends. Management determined that blended volatility, a combination of historical and implied volatility, is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than historical or implied volatility alone. We are also required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Certain RSUs involve stock to be issued upon the achievement of performance conditions (performance shares) under our stock incentive plans. Such performance shares become available subject to time-based vesting conditions if, and to the extent that, financial or operational performance criteria for the applicable period are achieved. Accordingly, the number of performance shares earned will vary based on the level of achievement of financial or operational performance objectives for the applicable period. Until such time that our performance can ultimately be determined, each quarter we estimate the number of performance shares more likely than not to be earned based on an evaluation of the probability of achieving the performance objectives. Such estimates are revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods when the underlying factors change our evaluation of the probability of achieving the performance objectives. Accordingly, share-based compensation expense associated with performance shares may differ significantly from the amount recorded in the current period.

The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represents management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets.    As a result of our acquisitions, we have identified intangible assets and generated significant goodwill. Definite-lived intangible assets are valued based on estimates of future cash flows and amortized over their estimated useful life. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to annual impairment testing as well as testing upon the occurrence of any event that indicates a potential impairment. Intangible assets and other long-lived assets are also subject to an impairment test if there is an indicator of impairment. The carrying value and ultimate realization of these assets is dependent upon estimates of future earnings and benefits that we expect to generate from their use. If our expectations of future results and cash flows are significantly diminished, intangible assets and goodwill may be impaired and the resulting charge to operations may be material. When we determine that the carrying value of intangibles or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we use the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists, and then measure the impairment using discounted cash flows. To measure impairment for goodwill, we compare the fair value of our reporting units by measuring discounted cash flows to the book value of the reporting units. Goodwill would be impaired if the resulting implied fair value was less than the recorded book value of the goodwill.

The estimation of useful lives and expected cash flows require us to make significant judgments regarding future periods that are subject to some factors outside of our control. Changes in these estimates can result in significant revisions to the carrying value of these assets and may result in material charges to the results of operations.

We have elected to perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year, or more often if events or circumstances indicate that there may be impairment. Goodwill is the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets exceeded the fair value of those net assets on the date of acquisition. We allocate goodwill to reporting units at the time of acquisition or when there is a change in the reporting structure and base that allocation on which reporting units will benefit from the acquired assets and liabilities. Reporting units are defined as operating segments or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. The estimated fair value of our reporting units was based on discounted cash flow models derived from internal

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earnings and internal and external market forecasts. Determining fair value requires the exercise of significant judgment, including judgments about appropriate discount rates, perpetual growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows. Discount rates are based on a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which represents the average rate a business must pay its providers of debt and equity. The WACC used to test goodwill is derived from a group of comparable companies. Assumptions in estimating future cash flows are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. We make every effort to forecast these future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information available at the time the forecast is developed.

We have the option of first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step impairment test or we can perform the two-step impairment test without performing the qualitative assessment. For the reporting units that did not experience any significant adverse changes in their business or reporting structures or any other adverse changes, and the reporting unit’s fair value substantially exceeded its carrying value from when the previous Step 1 analysis was performed, we performed the qualitative “Step 0” assessment. In performing the qualitative Step 0 assessment, we considered certain events and circumstances specific to the reporting unit and to the entity as a whole, such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and cost factors when evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. For the remaining reporting units that did not meet these criteria we performed the two-step goodwill impairment test. Under the two-step goodwill impairment test, we compared the fair value of each reporting unit to its respective carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test must be completed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying value of goodwill. The implied fair value is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit, the excess of the fair value over amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the difference.

As of October 31, 2014, we performed our annual impairment assessment of goodwill and determined that it is more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units exceed their carrying amount. We will continue to monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill. If market and economic conditions or business performance deteriorate, this could increase the likelihood of us recording an impairment charge. However, management believes it is not reasonably likely that an impairment will occur at any of its reporting units over the next twelve months.

In-Process Research and Development.    We value tangible and intangible assets acquired through our business acquisitions, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”), at fair value. We determine IPR&D through established valuation techniques for various projects for the development of new products and technologies and capitalize IPR&D as an intangible asset. If the projects are completed, the intangible asset will be amortized to earnings over the expected life of the completed product. If the R&D projects are abandoned, we will write-off the related intangible asset.

The value of IPR&D is determined using the income approach, which discounts expected future cash flows from projects under development to their net present value. Each project is analyzed and estimates and judgments are made to determine the technological innovations included in the utilization of core technology, the complexity, cost, time to complete development, any alternative future use or current technological feasibility and the stage of completion.

Income Taxes.    We evaluate the realizability of our net deferred tax assets and assess the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The future benefit to be derived from our deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in each jurisdiction of the right type to realize the assets. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets to the amount that may be more likely than not to be realized. To the extent we established a valuation allowance an expense is recorded within the provision for income taxes line in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive

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income. In future periods, if we were to determine that it was more likely than not that we would not be able to realize the recorded amount of our remaining net deferred tax assets, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be recorded as an increase to income tax expense in the period such determination was made.

Accounting for income taxes requires a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if, based on the technical merits, it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon audit, including resolutions of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We re-evaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit and new audit activity. Any change in these factors could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total net revenues of certain line items included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income data:

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Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to 2013 and 2012

Net Revenues

Product revenues increased $105.5 million during 2014 compared to 2013. Product revenues related to our semiconductor capital equipment manufacturer and semiconductor device manufacturer customers increased by $83.5 million in 2014 compared to 2013, mainly the result of volume increases in the first quarter of 2014. There was a pause in spending in the semiconductor market in the second and third quarters of 2014 and we saw a decrease in our product semiconductor revenues. However, we then saw an increase in semiconductor product revenues in the fourth quarter of 2014. In the fourth quarter of 2014, our product revenues for other advanced markets, which exclude semiconductor capital equipment and semiconductor device product applications, increased by $22.0 million. The increase in our non-semiconductor markets was primarily caused by volume increases of $15.4 million in our general industrial markets.

Product revenues increased $31.5 million during 2013 compared to 2012. Product revenues related to our semiconductor capital equipment manufacturer and semiconductor device manufacturer customers increased by $59.4 million in 2013 compared to 2012, mainly as a result of volume increases for four consecutive quarters in 2013 in product revenues to the semiconductor markets. Our product revenues for other advanced markets, which exclude semiconductor capital equipment and semiconductor device product applications, decreased by $27.8 million in 2013 compared to 2012, primarily due to volume decreases of $21.0 million in our solar market and $9.9 million in our general industrial market. The solar market has decreased over the past few years due to overcapacity. The industrial market decrease relates to specific projects.

Service revenues consisted mainly of fees for services related to the repair of our products, software license and maintenance, installation services and training. Service revenues increased $6 million during 2014 compared to 2013. This increase was primarily attributed to increases in the semiconductor markets. Service revenues decreased $5.6 million during 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease was primarily attributed to the timing and fulfillment of service orders as we transitioned and merged one of our service locations into an existing service site.

Total international net revenues, including product and service, were $332.4 million for 2014 or 42.6% of net revenues, compared to $305.5 million for 2013, or 45.6% of net revenues, and $316.6 million, or 49.2% of net revenues for 2012. The majority of our foreign revenues are to customers in Korea and Japan.

The following table sets forth our net revenues by reportable segment:

Net Revenues

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Net revenues for the Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment segment increased by 21.6% in 2014 compared to 2013 and 9.6% in 2013 compared to 2012. These increases were mainly due to volume increases of 27.4% and 23.8%, respectively, in revenues from our top two customers, which represented approximately 32% and 29% of our total revenues in 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net revenues for the Analytical Solutions Group segment increased by 8.6% in 2014 compared to 2013 and decreased 10.3% in 2013 compared to 2012. Net revenues increased for our Europe Region Sales & Service segment by 13.6% in 2014 compared to the prior year and decreased 5.7% in 2013 compared to 2012. For these segments, we sell to customers making up many different markets including general industrial solar, film, medical, analysis metrology and other markets, which are included in our other advanced markets. Revenues from other advanced markets increased by 11.5% in 2014 compared to 2013, which was mainly attributed to volume increases, particularly in the general industrial markets, which increased 37.6%. Revenues from other advanced markets decreased by 12.7% in 2013 compared to 2012, which was mainly due to volume decreases in our solar and general and industrial markets.

Net revenues for the Asia Region Sales & Service segment increased by 10.4% in 2014 compared to 2013 and decreased 5.1% in 2013 compared to 2012. The increase in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily driven by increases in sales in Korea and Japan, where we mainly sell into the semiconductor markets. The decrease in 2013 compared to 2012 is primarily the result of decreases in sales in the solar markets, which decreased by 73.3%, mainly due to a decrease in orders from a customer in China. In addition, foreign exchange rates, primarily related to the Japanese Yen decreased by approximately 22% in 2013 compared to 2012, which had an unfavorable impact on revenues for the Asia Region Sales & Service segment. Excluding the impact of solar and unfavorable foreign exchange revenues, the Asia Region Sales & Service segment increased by 2.9% in 2013 compared to 2012.

The following is gross profit as a percentage of net revenues by product and service:

Gross Profit

Gross profit on product revenues increased by 3.9 percentage points during 2014 compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to an increase of 2.8 percentage points due to higher revenue volumes and 1.4 percentage points due to lower excess and obsolete inventory charges.

Gross profit on product revenues decreased by 1.6 percentage points during 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of 2.7 percentage points due to unfavorable product mix, a decrease of 0.9 percentage points due to higher excess and obsolete inventory charges related to a unique product in a solar application as a result of slowing market conditions, which provided uncertainty as to the net realizable value of this inventory and 0.5 percentage points from unfavorable foreign exchange. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of 1.2 percentage points due to favorable revenue volumes and 1.1 percentage points due to lower overhead expenses.

Cost of service revenues consists primarily of costs for providing services for repair and training which includes salaries, related expenses and other overhead costs. Service gross profit for 2014 remained relatively flat compared to 2013.

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Service gross profit for 2013 decreased by 5.2 percentage points compared to 2012. The decrease was primarily attributed to a decrease of 2.3 percentage points due to unfavorable product mix, a decrease of 1.1 percentage points due to unfavorable foreign exchange, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points due to higher overhead charges, a decrease of 0.5 percentage points due to unfavorable revenue volumes and a decrease of 0.4 percentage points due to higher warranty charges.

The following is gross profit as a percentage of net revenues by reportable segment:

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment segment increased 5.1 percentage points in 2014 compared to 2013. The increase was primarily due to higher revenue volumes, favorable product mix and lower excess and obsolete inventory charges, partially offset by lower material costs. Gross profit for the Advanced Manufacturing Capital Equipment segment in 2013 compared with 2012 was relatively flat.

Gross profit for the Analytical Solutions Group segment decreased 2.0 percentage points in 2014 compared to 2013. Gross profit for the Analytical Solutions Group segment remained flat in 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease of 2.0 percentage points in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily attributable to unfavorable product mix and higher overhead charges, partially offset by lower material costs and higher revenue volumes.

Gross profit for the Europe Region Sales & Service segment remained flat in 2014 compared to 2013. Gross profit for the Europe Region Sales & Service segment decreased 1.5 percentage points in 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease of 1.5 percentage points in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily related to unfavorable product mix.

Gross profit for the Asia Region Sales & Service segment decreased 2.8 percentage points in 2014 compared to 2013 and increased 3.6 percentage in 2013 compared to 2012. The decrease of 2.8 percentage points in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to unfavorable product mix and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange. The increase of 3.6 percentage points in 2013 compared to 2012 was primarily due to favorable product mix, lower excess and obsolete inventory charges and lower overhead spending, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased $0.7 million during 2014 compared to 2013. The decrease was primarily attributed to a decrease of $0.7 million in consulting and professional fees and a decrease of $0.5 million in project materials, partially offset by an increase of $0.5 million in compensation related costs, including variable compensation and fringe benefits.

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Research and development expenses increased $3.5 million during 2013 compared to 2012. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase of $3.4 million in compensation related costs, including variable compensation and fringe benefits and an increase of $0.4 million in project materials. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $0.6 million in consulting costs.

Our research and development is primarily focused on developing and improving our instruments, components, subsystems and process control solutions to improve process performance and productivity.

We have thousands of products and our research and development efforts primarily consist of a large number of projects related to these products, none of which is individually material to us. Current projects typically have durations of 3 to 30 months depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing technology or a new product. Our current initiatives include projects to enhance the performance characteristics of older products, to develop new products and to integrate various technologies into subsystems. These projects support in large part, the transition in the semiconductor industry to smaller integrated circuit geometries and in the flat panel display and solar markets to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced process control technology. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in research and development, fees paid to consultants, material costs for prototypes and other expenses related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products.

We believe that the continued investment in research and development and ongoing development of new products are essential to the expansion of our markets, and we expect to continue to make significant investment in research and development activities. We are subject to risks if products are not developed in a timely manner, due to rapidly changing customer requirements and competitive threats from other companies and technologies. Our success primarily depends on our products being designed into new generations of equipment for the semiconductor industry and other advanced technology markets. We develop products that are technologically advanced so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of semiconductor capital equipment. If our products are not chosen to be designed into our customers’ products, our net revenues may be reduced during the lifespan of those products.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $10.2 million during 2014 compared to 2013. The decrease was primarily attributed to a $7.1 million decrease in compensation related costs primarily related to headcount reductions, variable compensation and lower fringe benefits, a $2.6 million decrease due to executive retirement costs recorded in the fourth quarter of 2013 as a result of the retirement of our Chief Executive Officer in December 2013 and a $1.2 million decrease related to favorable foreign exchange. These decreases were partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in volume related commission expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $14.8 million during 2013 compared to 2012. The increase was primarily attributed to a $10.0 million increase in compensation related costs primarily related to variable compensation and higher fringe benefit costs, a $2.6 million increase related to executive retirement costs recorded in the fourth quarter of 2013 as a result of the retirement of our Chief Executive Officer and a $1.6 million increase in consulting costs.

Litigation

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Litigation with shareholders of one of our former subsidiaries was settled for $5.3 million during the third quarter of 2012. The complaint alleged certain claims against us including breach of contract, implied covenants and statutory violations. The claims sought unspecified damages and equitable relief. This litigation was long standing and we made the decision to reach a settlement primarily to eliminate future legal expenses related to the suit.

Insurance Reimbursement

In 2013, we recovered $1.1 million from our insurance company relating to the 2012 litigation settlement with certain former shareholders that we settled in 2012.

Acquisition Costs

We incurred $0.5 million of legal and filing fees in 2014 related to our June 2014 acquisition of GP. We incurred $0.2 million of legal fees in 2013 related to our 2013 acquisition of Alter. We incurred $1.3 million of investment banking fees, legal fees and due diligence costs in 2012 related to our 2012 acquisition of Plasmart, Inc.

Restructuring

During 2014, we recorded $2.5 million of restructuring charges primarily for severance related costs related to a reduction in workforce of approximately 131 people throughout our Company. This restructuring was substantially complete at December 31, 2014. During 2013, we recorded $1.4 million of restructuring charges primarily related to the consolidation of certain facilities. The majority of these costs were related to severance expenses and these programs were substantially completed by December 31, 2013. The plans included a small reduction in headcount. During the fourth quarter of 2012, we implemented a workforce reduction plan as a result of a slowdown in our business. We reduced our worldwide workforce by 84 people and recorded a restructuring charge of $0.3 million. This restructuring was substantially complete at December 31, 2012.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization increased by $2.8 million during 2014 compared to 2013. This increase was primarily attributed to an increase of $3.2 million of amortization related to intangible assets from our May 2014 acquisition of GP. This increase was offset by intangible assets that became fully amortized during the year. Amortization increased by $1.1 million during 2013 compared to 2012. This increase was primarily attributed to an increase in intangible assets from our August 2012 acquisition of Plasmart and our March 2013 acquisition of Alter, partially offset by intangible assets that became fully amortized.

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Interest Income, Net

Net interest income for 2014 increased $0.4 million compared to 2013. The increase was attributable to a change in the mix of our investment portfolio. Net interest income for 2013 remained flat compared to 2012.

Provision for Income Taxes