NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORP /DC/ - Quarter Report: 2023 February (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023


¨			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-7102

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NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES

COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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District of Columbia						52-0891669
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)


20701 Cooperative Way,	Dulles,	Virginia,	20166
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 467-1800

__________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
7.35% Collateral Trust Bonds, due 2026	NRUC 26	New York Stock Exchange
5.50% Subordinated Notes, due 2064	NRUC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer x Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transaction period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

The Registrant is a tax-exempt cooperative and therefore does not issue capital stock.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1.	Financial Statements	55
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	56
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)	57
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	58
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)	59
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	60
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	61
	Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	61
	Note 2 — Interest Income and Interest Expense	63
	Note 3 — Investment Securities	63
	Note 4 — Loans	65
	Note 5 — Allowance for Credit Losses	76
	Note 6 — Short-Term Borrowings	79
	Note 7 — Long-Term Debt	80
	Note 8 — Subordinated Deferrable Debt	82
	Note 9 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities	82
	Note 10 — Equity	86
	Note 11 — Guarantees	87
	Note 12 — Fair Value Measurement	89
	Note 13 — Variable Interest Entities	91
	Note 14 — Business Segments	93

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)	1
	Forward-Looking Statements	1
	Introduction	1
	Summary of Selected Financial Data	2
	Executive Summary	5
	Critical Accounting Estimates	11
	Recent Accounting Changes and Other Developments	12
	Consolidated Results of Operations	13
	Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis	24
	Enterprise Risk Management	30
	Credit Risk	30
	Liquidity Risk	39
	Market Risk	48
	Non-GAAP Financial Measures	51
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	98
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	98

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION		98
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	98
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	98
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	98
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	98
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	98
Item 5.	Other Information	98
Item 6.	Exhibits	99

SIGNATURES		100

CROSS REFERENCE INDEX OF MD&A TABLES


Table	Description	Page
1	Summary of Selected Financial Data	3
2	Average Balances, Interest Income/Interest Expense and Average Yield/Cost	14
3	Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Interest Income/Interest Expense	17
4	Non-Interest Income	20
5	Derivative Gains (Losses)	21
6	Derivatives—Average Notional Amounts and Interest Rates	22
7	Comparative Swap Curves	23
8	Non-Interest Expense	24
9	Debt—Total Debt Outstanding	26
10	Debt—Member Investments	28
11	Equity	29
12	Loans—Loan Portfolio Security Profile	31
13	Loans—Loan Exposure to 20 Largest Borrowers	33
14	Loans—Loan Exposure to Texas-Based Borrowers	34
15	Allowance for Credit Losses by Borrower Member Class and Evaluation Methodology	37
16	Available Liquidity	39
17	Liquidity Coverage Ratios	40
18	Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements	41
19	Short-Term Borrowings—Funding Sources	43
20	Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Issuances and Repayments	44
21	Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Scheduled Principal Maturities and Amortization	44
22	Collateral Pledged	45
23	Loans—Unencumbered Loans	45
24	Liquidity—Projected Long-Term Sources and Uses of Funds	46
25	Credit Ratings	47
26	Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis	49
27	LIBOR-Indexed Financial Instruments	50
28	Adjusted Net Income	51
29	TIER and Adjusted TIER	52
30	Adjusted Liabilities and Equity	53
31	Debt-to-Equity Ratio and Adjusted Debt-to-Equity Ratio	53
32	Members’ Equity	54

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023 (“this Report”) contains certain statements that are considered “forward-looking statements” as defined in and within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements do not represent historical facts or statements of current conditions. Instead, forward-looking statements represent management’s current beliefs and expectations, based on certain assumptions and estimates made by, and information available to, management at the time the statements are made, regarding our future plans, strategies, operations, financial results or other events and developments, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and outside our control. Forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of words such as “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “potential,” “opportunity” and similar expressions, whether in the negative or affirmative. All statements about future expectations or projections, including statements about loan volume, the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, operating income and expenses, leverage and debt-to-equity ratios, borrower financial performance, impaired loans, and sources and uses of liquidity, are forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, actual results and performance may differ materially from our forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the risks and uncertainties that could cause our current expectations to vary from our forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, legislative changes that could affect our tax status and other matters, demand for our loan products, lending competition, changes in the quality or composition of our loan portfolio, changes in our ability to access external financing, changes in the credit ratings on our debt, valuation of collateral supporting impaired loans, charges associated with our operation or disposition of foreclosed assets, nonperformance of counterparties to our derivative agreements, economic conditions and regulatory or technological changes within the rural electric industry, the costs and impact of legal or governmental proceedings involving us or our members, general economic conditions, governmental monetary and fiscal policies, the occurrence and effect of natural disasters, including severe weather events or public health emergencies, such as the emergence and spread since 2019 of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) and the factors listed and described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”), as well as any risk factors identified under “Part II—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Report. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of events, circumstances or changes in expectations that arise after the date any forward-looking statement is made.


INTRODUCTION

Our financial statements include the consolidated accounts of National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation (“CFC”), National Cooperative Services Corporation (“NCSC”) and Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC.”) Our principal operations are currently organized for management reporting purposes into three business segments, which are based on the accounts of each of the legal entities included in our consolidated financial statements: CFC, NCSC and RTFC.

CFC is a member-owned, nonprofit finance cooperative association with a principal purpose of providing financing to its members to supplement the loan programs of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”) of the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). CFC extends loans to its rural electric members for construction, acquisitions, system and facility repairs and maintenance, enhancements and ongoing operations to support the goal of electric distribution and generation and transmission (“power supply”) systems of providing reliable, affordable power to the customers they service. CFC also provides its members with credit enhancements in the form of letters of credit and guarantees of debt obligations. As a Section 501(c)(4) tax-exempt, member-owned cooperative, CFC’s objective is not to maximize profit, but rather to offer members cost-based financial products and services. Because CFC is a tax-exempt cooperative, we cannot issue equity securities as a source of funding. CFC’s primary funding sources consist of a combination of public and private issuances of debt securities, member investments and retained equity. NCSC is a member-owned taxable cooperative that is permitted to provide financing to members of CFC, government or quasi-government entities which own electric utility systems that

meet the Rural Electrification Act definition of “rural,” and for-profit and nonprofit entities that are owned, operated or controlled by, or provide significant benefits to certain members of CFC. RTFC is a taxable Subchapter T member-owned cooperative association. RTFC’s principal purpose is to provide financing to its rural telecommunications members and their affiliates. See “Item 1. Business” in our 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the business structure, principal purpose, members and core business activities of each of these entities. Unless stated otherwise, references to “we,” “our” or “us” relate to CFC and its consolidated entities. All references to members within this document include members, associates and affiliates of CFC and its consolidated entities, except where indicated otherwise.

The following MD&A is intended to enhance the understanding of our consolidated financial statements by providing material information that we believe is relevant in evaluating our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the potential impact of material known events or uncertainties that, based on management’s assessment, are reasonably likely to cause the financial information included in this Report not to be necessarily indicative of our future financial performance. Management monitors a variety of key indicators and metrics to evaluate our business performance. We discuss these key measures and factors influencing changes from period to period. Our MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Report, our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 (“fiscal year 2022”) included in our 2022 Form 10-K and additional information, including the risk factors discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” contained in our 2022 Form 10-K, as well as additional information contained elsewhere in this Report.


SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

In addition to financial measures determined in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), management also evaluates performance based on certain non-GAAP measures and metrics, which we refer to as “adjusted” measures. Our key non-GAAP financial measures are adjusted net income, adjusted net interest income, adjusted interest expense, adjusted net interest yield, adjusted times interest earned ratio (“TIER”) and adjusted debt-to-equity ratio. The most comparable U.S. GAAP measures are net income, net interest income, interest expense, net interest yield, TIER and debt-to-equity ratio, respectively. The primary adjustments we make to calculate these non-GAAP measures consist of (i) adjusting interest expense and net interest income to include the impact of net periodic derivative cash settlements income (expense) amounts; (ii) adjusting net income, total liabilities and total equity to exclude the non-cash impact of the accounting for derivative financial instruments; (iii) adjusting total liabilities to exclude the amount that funds CFC member loans guaranteed by RUS, subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates; and (iv) adjusting total equity to include subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates and exclude cumulative derivative forward value gains and losses and accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”).

We believe our non-GAAP adjusted measures, which should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures determined in conformity with U.S. GAAP, provide meaningful information and are useful to investors because management evaluates performance based on these metrics for purposes of (i) establishing short- and long-term performance goals; (ii) budgeting and forecasting; (iii) comparing period-to-period operating results, analyzing changes in results and identifying potential trends; and (iv) making compensation decisions. In addition, certain of the financial covenants in our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and debt indentures are based on non-GAAP adjusted measures, as the forward fair value gains and losses related to our interest rate swaps that are excluded from our non-GAAP measures do not affect our cash flows, liquidity or ability to service our debt. Our non-GAAP adjusted measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies due to differences in the way that these measures are calculated. We provide a reconciliation of our non-GAAP adjusted measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Table 1 provides a summary of selected financial data and key metrics used by management in evaluating performance for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, and as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 1: Summary of Selected Financial Data(1)


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	February 28,						February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		Change		2023		2022		Change
Statements of operations
Net interest income:
Interest income	$	353,292	$	285,206	24	%	$	984,464	$	851,626	16	%
Interest expense	(281,709)		(173,654)		62		(736,621)		(522,027)		41
Net interest income	71,583		111,552		(36)			247,843		329,599	(25)
Fee and other income	5,326		4,270		25		13,548		13,042		4
Total revenue	76,909		115,822		(34)			261,391		342,641	(24)
Benefit (provision) for credit losses	11,318		12,749		(11)		(3,806)		12,146		**
Derivative gains:
Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)(2)	18,634		(26,212)		**		12,650		(79,727)		**
Derivative forward value gains(3)	83,674		195,492		(57)		330,035		122,930		168
Derivative gains	102,308		169,280		(40)			342,685	43,203		693
Investment securities losses	(1,402)		(11,621)		(88)		(5,574)		(18,190)		(69)
Operating expenses(4)	(25,315)		(23,079)		10		(78,081)		(70,384)		11
Other non-interest expense	(298)		(843)		(65)		(975)		(1,530)		(36)
Income before income taxes	163,520		262,308		(38)		515,640		307,886		67
Income tax provision	(303)		(343)		(12)		(785)		(524)		50
Net income	$	163,217	$	261,965	(38)		$	514,855	$	307,362	68

Adjusted statements of operations measures
Interest income	$	353,292	$	285,206	24	%	$	984,464	$	851,626	16	%
Interest expense	(281,709)		(173,654)		62		(736,621)		(522,027)		41
Include: Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)(2)	18,634		(26,212)		**		12,650		(79,727)		**
Adjusted interest expense(5)	(263,075)		(199,866)		32		(723,971)		(601,754)		20
Adjusted net interest income(5)	$	90,217	$	85,340	6		$	260,493	$	249,872	4

Net income	$	163,217	$	261,965	(38)		$	514,855	$	307,362	68
Exclude: Derivative forward value gains(3)	83,674		195,492		(57)		330,035		122,930		168
Adjusted net income(5)	$	79,543	$	66,473	20		$	184,820	$	184,432	—


Profitability ratios
Times interest earned ratio (“TIER”)(6)	1.58		2.51		(37)	%	1.70		1.59		7	%
Adjusted TIER(5)	1.30		1.33		(2)		1.26		1.31		(4)
Net interest yield(7)	0.88	%	1.50	%	(62)	bps	1.04	%	1.48	%	(44)	bps
Adjusted net interest yield(5)(8)	1.11		1.15		(4)		1.09		1.13		(4)

Credit quality ratios
Net charge-off rate(9)	—		—		—		0.06	%	—		6	bps


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022		Change
Balance sheet
Assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	180,260	$	161,114	12	%
Investment securities	587,126		599,904		(2)
Loans to members(10)	32,381,829		30,063,386		8
Allowance for credit losses	(56,297)		(67,560)		(17)
Loans to members, net	32,325,532		29,995,826		8
Total assets	34,001,512		31,251,382		9
Liabilities and equity:
Short-term borrowings	4,899,631		4,981,167		(2)
Long-term debt	23,831,978		21,545,440		11
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		986,518		—
Members’ subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,234,161		(1)
Total debt outstanding	30,941,702		28,747,286		8
Total liabilities	31,398,086		29,109,413		8
Total equity	2,603,426		2,141,969		22

Adjusted balance sheet measures
Adjusted total liabilities(5)	$	28,932,057	$	26,629,324	9	%
Adjusted total equity(5)	4,391,572		4,270,476		3
Members’ equity(5)	2,147,204		2,019,952		6

Debt ratios
Debt-to-equity ratio(11)	12.06		13.59		(11)	%
Adjusted debt-to-equity ratio(5)	6.59		6.24		6
Liquidity coverage ratio(12)	0.95		0.99		(4)


Credit quality ratios
Nonperforming loans ratio(13)	0.33	%	0.76	%	(43)	bps
Criticized loans ratio(14)	1.04		1.65		(61)
Allowance coverage ratio(15)	0.17		0.22		(5)

____________________________

**Calculation of percentage change is not meaningful.

(1)Certain reclassifications may have been made for prior periods to conform to the current-period presentation.

(2)Consists of net periodic contractual interest amounts on our interest rate swaps, which we refer to as derivatives cash settlements interest income (expense).

(3)Consists of derivative forward value gains (losses), which represent changes in fair value during the period, excluding net periodic contractual interest settlement amounts, attributable to derivatives not designated for hedge accounting.

(4)Consists of the total non-interest expense components (i) salaries and employee benefits and (ii) other general and administrative expenses, each of which is presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations.

(5)See “Item 7. MD&A—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in our 2022 Form 10-K for a description of each of our non-GAAP measures. See the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures presented in this Report to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

(6)Calculated based on net income (loss) plus interest expense for the period divided by interest expense for the period.

(7)Calculated based on annualized net interest income for the period divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

(8)Calculated based on annualized adjusted net interest income for the period divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

(9)Calculated based on annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) for the period divided by average total loans outstanding for the period.

(10)Consists of the unpaid principal balance of member loans plus unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $13 million and $12 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

(11)Calculated based on total liabilities at period end divided by total equity at period end.

(12)Calculated based on available liquidity at period end, divided by the amount of maturing debt obligations over the next 12 months at period end, as of each respective date.

(13)Calculated based on total nonperforming loans at period end divided by total loans outstanding at period end.

(14)Calculated based on loans outstanding at period end to borrowers with a risk rating that falls within the criticized risk rating category, which consists of special mention, substandard and doubtful, divided by total loans outstanding at period end.

(15)Calculated based on the allowance for credit losses at period end divided by total loans outstanding at period end.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As a member-owned, nonprofit finance cooperative, our primary objective is to provide our rural electric utility members with access to affordable, flexible financing products while also maintaining a sound, stable financial position and adequate liquidity to meet our financial obligations and maintain ongoing investment-grade credit ratings. Because maximizing profit is not our primary objective, the interest rates on lending products offered to our member borrowers reflect our funding costs plus a spread to cover operating expenses and estimated credit losses and generate sufficient earnings to cover interest owed on our debt obligations and achieve certain financial target goals. Our financial goals focus on earning an annual minimum adjusted TIER of 1.10 and maintaining an adjusted debt-to-equity ratio at approximately 6.00-to-1 or below.

We are subject to period-to-period volatility in our reported U.S. GAAP results due to changes in market conditions and differences in the way our financial assets and liabilities are accounted for under U.S. GAAP. Our financial assets and liabilities expose us to interest-rate risk. We use derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps, as part of our strategy in managing this risk. Our derivatives are intended to economically hedge and manage the interest-rate sensitivity mismatch between our financial assets and liabilities. We are required under U.S. GAAP to carry derivatives at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets; however, the financial assets and liabilities for which we use derivatives to economically hedge are carried at amortized cost. Changes in interest rates and the shape of the swap curve result in periodic fluctuations in the fair value of our derivatives, which may cause volatility in our earnings because we do not apply hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps. As a result, the mark-to-market changes in our interest rate swaps are recorded in earnings. Because our derivative portfolio consists of a higher proportion of pay-fixed swaps, the majority of which are longer dated, than receive-fixed swaps, the majority of which are shorter dated, we generally record derivative losses when interest rates decline and derivative gains when interest rates rise. This earnings volatility generally is not indicative of the underlying economics of our business, as the derivative forward fair value gains or losses recorded each period may or may not be realized over time, depending on the terms of our derivative instruments and future changes in market conditions that impact the periodic cash settlement amounts of our interest rate swaps. Therefore, as discussed above under “Summary of Selected Financial Data,” management uses our non-GAAP adjusted measures to evaluate financial performance. Our adjusted financial results include the realized net periodic contractual interest expense amounts on our interest rate swaps but exclude the unrealized forward fair value gains and losses.

Financial Performance

Reported Results

We reported net income of $163 million and TIER of 1.58 for the three months ended February 28, 2023 (“current quarter”), compared with net income of $262 million and TIER of 2.51 for the three months ended February 28, 2022 (“same prior-year quarter”). We reported net income of $515 million and TIER of 1.70 for the nine months ended February 28, 2023 (“current year-to-date period”), compared with net income of $307 million and TIER of 1.59 for the nine months ended February 28, 2022 (“same prior year-to-date period”). The significant variances between our reported results for the current quarter and year-to-date period and the same prior-year quarter and year-to-date period are attributable to mark-to-market changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments. Our debt-to-equity ratio decreased to 12.06 as of February 28, 2023, from 13.59 as of May 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in equity resulting from our reported net income of $515 million for the current year-to-date period, which was partially offset by a decrease in equity attributable to the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million.

Current Quarter Reported Results

The decrease in our reported net income of $99 million to $163 million for the current quarter from $262 million for the same prior-year quarter was driven primarily by a reduction in derivative gains of $67 million and a decrease in net interest income of $40 million. We recorded derivative gains of $102 million for the current quarter, attributable to increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve. In comparison, we recorded derivative gains of $169 million for the same prior-year quarter, attributable to more pronounced increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve relative to the current-quarter increases. As noted above, the substantial majority of our swap portfolio consists of longer-dated, pay-fixed swaps. Therefore, increases and decreases in medium- and longer-term swap rates generally have a more pronounced corresponding impact on the change in the net fair value of our swap portfolio.

The decrease in net interest income of $40 million, or 36%, to $72 million for the current quarter was attributable to a decrease in the net interest yield of 62 basis points, or 41%, to 0.88%, partially offset by an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,768 million, or 9%. The decrease in the net interest yield reflected the combined impact of an increase in our average cost of borrowings of 121 basis points to 3.71%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on our interest-earning assets of 51 basis points to 4.35% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 8 basis points to 0.24%. The increase in our average cost of borrowings and average yield on interest-earning assets were driven by the continued increase in the federal funds rate. The increase in average interest-earning assets was primarily driven by growth in average total loans.

Other factors affecting the variance between our reported results for the current quarter and the same prior-year quarter include the impact of a decrease in losses recorded on our investment securities of $10 million, primarily due to period-to-period market fluctuations in fair value, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $2 million, attributable to higher expenses recorded for salaries, information technology, business travel and in-person corporate meetings and events, and a reduction in the benefit for credit losses of $2 million.

We recorded a benefit for credit losses of $11 million for the current quarter, compared with a benefit for credit losses of $13 million for the same prior-year quarter. The current quarter benefit for credit losses stemmed primarily from a reduction in the asset-specific allowance for a nonperforming CFC power supply loan, attributable to an increase in the expected payments on this loan. The benefit for credit losses recorded in the same prior-year quarter was primarily attributable to a decrease in the collective allowance, stemming largely from positive developments during the same prior-year quarter related to Rayburn Country Electric Cooperative, Inc. (“Rayburn”) that resulted in an improvement in Rayburn’s credit risk profile and also a significant reduction in our loans outstanding to Rayburn.

Year-to-Date Reported Results

The increase in our reported net income of $208 million to $515 million for the current year-to-date period from $307 million for the same prior year-to-date period was driven primarily by an increase in derivative gains of $300 million, partially offset by a decrease in net interest income of $82 million. We recorded derivative gains of $343 million for the current year-to-date period, attributable to pronounced increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve. In comparison, we recorded derivative gains of $43 million for the same prior year-to-date period, driven by the combined impact of increases in short- and medium-term swap rates.

The decrease in net interest income of $82 million, or 25%, to $248 million for the current year-to-date period was attributable to a decrease in the net interest yield of 44 basis points, or 30%, to 1.04%, partially offset by an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,269 million, or 8%. The decrease in the net interest yield reflected the combined impact of an increase in our average cost of borrowings of 79 basis points to 3.30%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on our interest-earning assets of 28 basis points to 4.12% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 7 basis points to 0.22%. The increase in average interest-earning assets was primarily driven by growth in average total loans.

As mentioned above under “Current Quarter Reported Results,” the increases in the average cost of borrowings and average yield on interest-earning assets were driven by the continued increase in the federal funds rate, which resulted in increases in the average cost of our short-term and variable-rate borrowings and the average yield earned on our line of credit and variable-rate loans. On March 16, 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) of the Federal Reserve raised the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.25% to a range of 0.25% to 0.50%, the first rate increase since December 2018. The FOMC further raised the target range for the federal funds rate at each of its subsequent meetings held through February 2023, with the federal funds rate reaching a target range of 4.50% to 4.75% as of February 28, 2023.

Other factors affecting the variance between our reported results for the current year-to-date period and the same prior year-to-date period include the impact of an increase in operating expenses of $8 million, attributable to higher expenses recorded for salaries, information technology, business travel and in-person corporate meetings and events, and an unfavorable shift of $16 million in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by a decrease in losses recorded on our investment securities of $13 million, primarily due to period-to-period market fluctuations in fair value.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $4 million for the current year-to-date period. In contrast, we recorded a benefit for credit losses of $12 million for the same prior year-to-date period. The current year-to-date period provision for credit losses stemmed from an increase in the collective allowance, primarily due to loan portfolio growth, and in the asset-specific allowance for loans to Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. (“Brazos”), its wholly-owned subsidiary Brazos Sandy Creek Electric Cooperative Inc. (“Brazos Sandy Creek”), and for a nonperforming CFC power supply loan, attributable to a reduction and timing change in the expected payments on this loan. The benefit for credit losses for the same prior year-to-date period was primarily driven by a decrease in the collective allowance due to an improvement in Rayburn’s credit risk profile and a significant reduction in loans outstanding to Rayburn.

Non-GAAP Adjusted Results

Adjusted net income totaled $80 million and adjusted TIER was 1.30 for the current quarter, compared with adjusted net income of $66 million and adjusted TIER of 1.33 for the same prior-year quarter. Adjusted net income totaled $185 million and adjusted TIER was 1.26 for the current year-to-date period, compared with adjusted net income of $184 million and adjusted TIER of 1.31 for the same prior year-to-date period. The adjusted TIER for the current periods and the same prior-year periods was well above our target of 1.10. While our goal is to maintain an adjusted debt-to-equity ratio of approximately 6.00-to-1, the adjusted debt-to-equity ratio increased to 6.59 as of February 28, 2023 from 6.24 as of May 31, 2022, and was above our targeted goal, largely due to an increase in adjusted liabilities resulting from additional borrowings to fund growth in our loan portfolio and the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million, partially offset by our current year-to-date period adjusted net income.

Current Quarter Adjusted Results

The increase in adjusted net income of $14 million to $80 million for the current quarter, from $66 million for the same prior-year quarter was due primarily to an increase in adjusted net interest income of $5 million and a reduction in losses recorded on our investment securities of $10 million, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses of $2 million and a reduction in the benefit for credit losses of $2 million, as discussed above under “Current Quarter Reported Results.”

The increase in adjusted net interest income of $5 million, or 6%, to $90 million, was attributable primarily to an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,768 million, or 9%, primarily due to growth in average total loans, partially offset by the decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis points, or 3%, to 1.11%. The decrease in the adjusted net interest yield reflected the combined impact of an increase in our adjusted average cost of borrowings of 58 basis points to 3.46%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 51 basis points to 4.35% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 3 basis points to 0.22%.

Year-to-Date Adjusted Results

The slight increase in adjusted net income of less than $1 million to $185 million for the current year-to-date period, from $184 million for the same prior year-to-date period was due primarily to an increase in adjusted net interest income of $11 million and a reduction in losses recorded on our investment securities of $13 million, partially offset by an unfavorable shift in the provision for credit losses of $16 million and an increase in operating expenses of $8 million. See above under “Year-to-Date Reported Results” for a discussion on the drivers of the current year-to-date period unfavorable shift in the provision for credit losses, increase in operating expenses and reduction in the losses recorded on our investment securities.

The increase in adjusted net interest income of $11 million, or 4%, to $260 million, was attributable primarily to an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,269 million, or 8%, due to growth in average total loans, partially offset by the decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis points, or 4%, to 1.09%. The decrease in the adjusted net interest yield reflected the combined impact of an increase in our adjusted average cost of borrowings of 34 basis points to 3.24%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 28 basis points to 4.12% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 2 basis points to 0.21%.

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information on our adjusted measures, including a reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

Lending Activity

Loans to members totaled $32,382 million as of February 28, 2023, an increase of $2,319 million, or 8%, from May 31, 2022, reflecting net increases in long-term and line of credit loans of $1,182 million and $1,136 million, respectively. The $1,136 million increase in line of credit loans was largely attributable to funding provided for higher operating costs that our members experienced, bridge loans due to delays in RUS financing and broadband bridge loan financing. We experienced increases in CFC distribution loans, CFC power supply loans, CFC statewide and associate loans, NCSC loans and RTFC loans of $1,580 million, $417 million, $29 million, $278 million and $14 million, respectively.

Long-term loan advances totaled $2,460 million during the current year-to-date period, of which approximately 94% was provided to members for capital expenditures and approximately 2% was provided for the refinancing of loans made by other lenders. In comparison, long-term loan advances totaled $2,384 million during the same prior year-to-date period, of which approximately 79% was provided to members for capital expenditures and approximately 20% was provided to members for operating expenses and also to refinance advances that were drawn under line of credit facilities to meet elevated power cost obligations incurred during the February 2021 polar vortex. Of the $2,460 million total long-term loans advanced during the current year-to-date period, $2,135 million were fixed-rate loan advances with a weighted average fixed-rate term of 18 years.

Of the total long-term loans advanced for capital expenditures during the current year-to-date period, approximately $605 million was to provide funding for CFC electric distribution cooperative members’ infrastructure investments in broadband projects. Our aggregate loans outstanding to CFC electric distribution cooperative members relating to broadband projects, which we started tracking in October 2017, increased to an estimated $2,127 million as of February 28, 2023, from approximately $1,647 million as of May 31, 2022.

Credit Quality

We believe the overall credit quality of our loan portfolio remained strong as of February 28, 2023. Historically, we have had limited defaults and losses on loans in our electric utility loan portfolio largely because of the essential nature of the service provided by electric utility cooperatives as well as other factors, such as limited rate regulation and competition, which we discuss further in the section “Credit Risk—Loan Portfolio Credit Risk.” In addition, we generally lend to members on a senior secured basis, which reduces the risk of loss in the event of a borrower default. Loans outstanding to electric utility organizations of $31,887 million and $29,584 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, represented approximately 98% of total loans outstanding as of each respective date. Of our total loans outstanding, 91% and 93% were secured as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

We had loans to two CFC electric power supply borrowers totaling $108 million classified as nonperforming as of February 28, 2023. In comparison we had loans to three CFC electric power supply borrowers totaling $228 million classified as nonperforming as of May 31, 2022. The reduction in nonperforming loans of $120 million during the current year-to-date period was due to the receipt of loan principal payments, the partial charge-offs related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans, and the classification of Brazos nonperforming loans to TDR loans during the current quarter. Loans outstanding to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek totaled $27 million and $114 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

We had no charge-offs during the three months ended February 28, 2023. We experienced charge-offs totaling $15 million for the CFC electric power supply loan portfolio related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans during the current year-to-date period, which resulted in an annualized net charge-off rate of 0.06% for the current year-to-date period. In comparison we had no loan charge-offs during the same prior-year periods. Prior to Brazos’ and Brazos Sandy Creek’s bankruptcy filings, we had not experienced any defaults or charge-offs in our electric utility and telecommunications loan portfolios since fiscal year 2013 and 2017, respectively.

See section “Credit Risk—Credit Quality Indicators” below for additional information on Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek.

allowance for credit losses reflected a reduction in the asset-specific allowance of $13 million, partially offset by an increase in the collective allowance of $1 million, primarily due to loan portfolio growth.

We provide additional information on the credit quality of our loan portfolio and the allowance for credit losses in the sections “Critical Accounting Estimates,” “Credit Risk—Credit Quality Indicators” and “Credit Risk—Allowance for Credit Losses,” and in “Note 4—Loans” and “Note 5—Allowance for Credit Losses” of this Report.

Financing Activity

We issue debt primarily to fund growth in our loan portfolio. As such, our debt outstanding generally increases and decreases in response to member loan demand. Total debt outstanding increased $2,194 million, or 8%, to $30,942 million as of February 28, 2023, due to borrowings to fund the increase in loans to members. Outstanding dealer commercial paper of $1,214 million as of February 28, 2023 was within our quarter-end target range. We provide additional information on our financing activities under the “Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis—Debt” section of this Report.

During the current quarter, Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Inc. (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) affirmed CFC’s credit ratings and stable outlook. Table 25 presents our credit ratings for each CFC debt product type as of February 28, 2023, which remain unchanged as of the date of this Report, in the “Liquidity Risk—Credit Ratings” section of this Report.

Liquidity

In addition to cash on hand, our primary sources of funds include member loan principal repayments, securities held in our investment portfolio, committed bank revolving lines of credit, committed loan facilities under the USDA Guaranteed Underwriter Program (“Guaranteed Underwriter Program”), revolving note purchase agreements with the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac”) and proceeds from debt issuances to our members and in the public capital markets. Although as a non-bank financial institution we are not subject to regulatory liquidity requirements, we monitor our liquidity and funding positions on an ongoing basis and assess our ability to meet our scheduled debt obligations and other cash flow requirements based on point-in-time metrics as well as forward-looking projections. Our liquidity and funding assessment takes into consideration amounts available under existing liquidity sources, the expected rollover of member short-term investments and scheduled loan principal repayment amounts, as well as our continued ability to access the public capital markets and other non-capital market related funding sources.

As of February 28, 2023, our available liquidity totaled $6,816 million, consisting of: (i) cash and cash equivalents of $173 million; (ii) investments in debt securities with an aggregate fair value of $549 million, which is subject to change based on market fluctuations; (iii) up to $2,593 million available under committed bank revolving line of credit agreements; (iv) up to $1,025 million available under committed loan facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program; and (v) up to $2,476 million available under a Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement, subject to market conditions. In addition to our existing available liquidity of $6,816 million as of February 28, 2023, we expect to receive $1,494 million from scheduled long-term loan principal payments over the next 12 months.

Debt scheduled to mature over the next 12 months totaled $7,155 million as of February 28, 2023, consisting of short-term borrowings of $4,900 million and long-term and subordinated debt of $2,255 million. The short-term borrowings scheduled maturity amount of $4,900 million consists of member investments of $3,186 million, dealer commercial paper of $1,214 million and Farmer Mac notes payable of $500 million. The long-term and subordinated scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months of $2,255 million consist of debt maturities and scheduled debt payment amounts.

Our available liquidity of $6,816 million as of February 28, 2023 was $339 million under our total scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months of $7,155 million. We believe we can continue to roll over our member short-term investments of $3,186 million as of February 28, 2023, based on our expectation that our members will continue to reinvest their excess cash in short-term investment products offered by CFC. Our members historically have maintained a relatively stable level of short-term investments in CFC in the form of commercial paper, select notes, daily liquidity fund notes and medium-term notes. Member short-term investments in CFC have averaged $3,685 million over the last 12 fiscal quarter-end reporting periods. In addition, we expect to receive $1,494 million from scheduled long-term loan principal payments over the next 12 months. Our available liquidity of $6,816 million as of February 28, 2023 was $2,847 million in excess of,

or 1.7 times over, our total scheduled debt obligations, excluding member short-term investments, over the next 12 months of $3,969 million.

We expect to continue accessing the dealer commercial paper market as a cost-effective means of satisfying our incremental short-term liquidity needs. Although the intra-period amount of dealer commercial paper outstanding may fluctuate based on our liquidity requirements, our intent is to manage our short-term wholesale funding risk by maintaining dealer commercial paper outstanding at each quarter-end within a range of $1,000 million and $1,500 million. To mitigate commercial paper rollover risk, we expect to continue to maintain our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and be in compliance with the covenants of these agreements as we can draw on these facilities, if necessary, to repay dealer or member commercial paper that cannot be refinanced with similar debt. In addition, under master repurchase agreements we have with our bank counterparties, we can obtain short-term funding in secured borrowing transactions by selling investment-grade corporate debt securities from our investment securities portfolio subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities at an agreed-upon price and date.

The issuance of long-term debt, which represents the most significant component of our funding, allows us to reduce our reliance on short-term borrowings, as well as effectively manage our refinancing and interest rate risk. We expect to continue to issue long-term debt in the public capital markets and under our other non-capital market debt arrangements to meet our funding needs and believe that we have sufficient sources of liquidity to meet our debt obligations and support our operations over the next 12 months.

We provide additional information on our liquidity profile and our primary sources and uses of funds, including projected amounts, by quarter, over each of the next six fiscal quarters through the quarter ending August 31, 2024, in the “Liquidity Risk” section of this Report.

COVID-19

We believe that the COVID-19 pandemic has not adversely affected our primary objective of providing our members with the credit products they need to fund their operations and that we have been able to successfully navigate the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic to date. To date, we believe that the pandemic has not had a significant negative impact on the overall financial performance and credit quality of our members. CFC has been able to maintain business continuity throughout the pandemic and has experienced no pandemic-related employee furloughs or layoffs. We provide additional information on actions taken in response to the pandemic to protect the safety and health of our employees under “Item 1. Business—Human Capital Management” and “Item 7. MD&A—Executive Summary” in our 2022 Form 10-K. We discuss the potential adverse impact of natural disasters, including weather-related events such as the February 2021 polar vortex, and widespread health emergencies, such as COVID-19, on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity under “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Operations and Business Risks” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Electric Cooperative Industry Trends and Developments

We believe there are emerging developments and trends in the electric cooperative sector that continue to present opportunities as well as challenges for our electric cooperative members. These trends include: (i) expanded investments by many electric cooperatives to deploy broadband services to their members; (ii) inflation and supply chain challenges; (iii) an increased focus on enhancing electric system resiliency and reliability; (iv) increased interest in renewable energy investments; and (v) growing support of beneficial electrification strategies to reduce overall carbon emissions, while also providing benefits to cooperative members. We provide additional information on these emerging developments and trends in the electric cooperative sector in “Item 7. MD&A—Executive Summary” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

On August 16, 2022, the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”) was signed into law and it includes opportunities for electric cooperatives to fund clean energy projects such as solar, wind, stand-alone energy storage, carbon capture, and nuclear energy by allowing these entities to treat certain credits as direct payment rather than as a credit against their federal income tax liabilities. The IRA also provides nearly $10 billion in grants and loans specifically for electric cooperatives to invest in clean energy projects and related infrastructure.

Outlook

As further described below in the “Liquidity Risk—Projected Near-Term Sources and Uses of Funds” section, we currently anticipate net long-term loan growth of $1,378 million over the next 12 months. The consensus market outlook for interest rates as of March 2023 pointed to a decrease in the short-term interest rates, resulting in a less inverted yield curve. The yield curve inversion is expected to remain until mid-calendar year 2024, however the interest rate market has experienced extreme volatility in March 2023, which is expected to continue. Based on this yield curve forecast, we anticipate a decrease in our reported net interest income and reported net interest yield over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023. However, we expect a modest increase in our adjusted net interest income over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023, due to an anticipated significant reduction in our derivative net periodic cash settlements expense, which reduce our adjusted cost of borrowings, and loan portfolio growth. Additionally, we anticipate a slight decrease in our adjusted net interest yield over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023, due to the current yield curve assumptions and our balance sheet position.

We expect that our adjusted net income will increase slightly over the next 12 months, primarily attributable to our projected modest increase in adjusted net interest income. However, we believe that our adjusted TIER will decrease slightly over the next 12 months, primarily attributable to our projected increase in adjusted interest expense. We believe that our adjusted debt-to-equity ratio will remain elevated above our target of 6.00-to-1 due to a projected increase in total debt outstanding to fund anticipated growth in our loan portfolio. As discussed above, we are subject to earnings volatility, often significant, because we do not apply hedge accounting to our interest rate swaps. Therefore, the periodic unrealized fluctuations in the fair value of our interest rate swaps are recorded in our earnings. The variances in our earnings between periods are generally attributable to significant shifts in recorded unrealized derivative forward value gain and loss amounts. We exclude the impact of unrealized derivative forward fair value gains and losses from our non-GAAP adjusted measures.

We are unable to provide a reconciliation of our projected adjusted net income, adjusted TIER and adjusted debt-to-equity ratio to the most directly comparable GAAP measures or directional guidance for the most directly comparable GAAP measures on a forward-looking basis without unreasonable effort due to the significant shifts in the unrealized derivative forward value gains and losses recorded each period. The majority of our swaps are long-term, with an average remaining life of approximately 15 years as of February 28, 2023. We can reasonably estimate the realized net periodic derivative cash settlement amounts over the next 12 months for our interest rate swaps, which are typically based on the 3-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) that will transition to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) after June 30, 2023, and the fixed rate of the swap. In contrast, the unrealized periodic derivative forward value gains and losses are largely based on future expected changes in longer-term interest rates, which we are unable to accurately predict for each reporting period over the next 12 months. Because unrealized periodic derivative forward value gain and loss amounts are a key driver of changes in our earnings between periods, this unavailable information is likely to have a significant impact on our reported net income, TIER and debt-to-equity ratio, which represent the most directly comparable GAAP measures. We provide reconciliations of our non-GAAP adjusted net income, adjusted TIER and adjusted debt-to-equity ratio to the most directly comparable GAAP measures for each reporting period included in this Report in the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” These reconciliations illustrate the potential significant impact that unrealized derivative forward value gains and losses could have on our future reported net income, reported TIER and reported adjusted debt-to-equity ratio.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in our consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management’s judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We provide a discussion of our significant accounting policies in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Certain accounting estimates are considered critical because they involve significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex and inherently uncertain matters, and the use of reasonably different estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition. The determination of the allowance for expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the loans in our loan portfolio involves a significant degree of management

judgment and level of estimation uncertainty. As such, we have identified our accounting policy governing the estimation of the allowance for credit losses as a critical accounting estimate. We describe our allowance methodology and process for estimating the allowance for credit losses under “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Allowance for Credit Losses–Loan Portfolio—Current Methodology” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

We identify the key inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses, discuss the assumptions that require the most significant management judgment and contribute to the estimation uncertainty and disclose the sensitivity of our allowance to hypothetical changes in the assumptions underlying the calculation of our reported allowance for credit losses under “Item 7. MD&A—Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 2022 Form 10-K. Management established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that the methodology used for determining our allowance for credit losses, including any judgments and assumptions made as part of such method, are well-controlled and applied consistently from period to period. We regularly evaluate the key inputs and assumptions used in determining the allowance for credit losses and update them, as necessary, to better reflect present conditions, including current trends in credit performance and borrower risk profile, portfolio concentration risk, changes in risk-management practices, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors relevant to our loan portfolio segments. We did not change our allowance methodology or the nature of the underlying key inputs and assumptions used in measuring our allowance for credit losses during the current quarter.

We discuss the risks and uncertainties related to management’s judgments and estimates in applying accounting policies that have been identified as a critical accounting estimates under “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Regulatory and Compliance Risks” in our 2022 Form 10-K. We provide additional information on the allowance for credit losses under the section “Credit Risk—Allowance for Credit Losses” and in “Note 5—Allowance for Credit Losses” of this Report.


RECENT ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS

Recent Accounting Changes

We provide information on recently adopted accounting standards and the adoption impact on CFC’s consolidated financial statements and recently issued accounting standards not yet required to be adopted and the expected adoption impact in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.” To the extent we believe the adoption of new accounting standards has had or will have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, we discuss the impact in the applicable section(s) of this MD&A.


CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This section provides a comparative discussion of our consolidated results of operations between the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 and between the nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 . Following this section, we provide a discussion and analysis of material changes between amounts reported on our consolidated balance sheet as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. You should read these sections together with our “Executive Summary—Outlook” where we discuss trends and other factors that we expect will affect our future results of operations.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, represents the difference between the interest income earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense on our interest-bearing liabilities. Our net interest yield represents the difference between the yield on our interest-earning assets and the cost of our interest-bearing liabilities plus the impact of non-interest bearing funding. We expect net interest income and our net interest yield to fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and changes in the amount and composition of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We do not fund each individual loan with specific debt. Rather, we attempt to minimize costs and maximize efficiency by proportionately funding large aggregated amounts of loans.

Table 2 presents average balances for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, and for each major category of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the interest income earned or interest expense incurred, and the average yield or cost. Table 2 also presents non-GAAP adjusted interest expense, adjusted net interest income and adjusted net interest yield, which reflect the inclusion of net accrued periodic derivative cash settlements expense in interest expense. We provide reconciliations of our non-GAAP adjusted measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures under “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Table 2: Average Balances, Interest Income/Interest Expense and Average Yield/Cost



	Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Cost	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Cost
Assets:
Long-term fixed-rate loans(1)	$	27,839,825	$	288,016	4.20%	$	26,141,256	$	265,493	4.12%
Long-term variable-rate loans	916,868		13,648		6.04	695,401		3,790		2.21
Line of credit loans	3,153,392		45,653		5.87	2,282,758		12,262		2.18
Troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) loans	32,074		184		2.33	9,387		181		7.82
Nonperforming loans	125,757		—		—	217,837		—		—
Other, net(2)	—		(389)		—	—		(365)		—
Total loans	32,067,916		347,112		4.39	29,346,639		281,361		3.89
Cash and investment securities	833,024		6,180		3.01	786,608		3,845		1.98
Total interest-earning assets	$	32,900,940	$	353,292	4.35%	$	30,133,247	$	285,206	3.84%
Other assets, less allowance for credit losses(3)	1,041,947					439,629
Total assets(3)	$	33,942,887				$	30,572,876

Liabilities:
Commercial paper	$	2,901,375	$	31,943	4.47%	$	2,990,565	$	2,574	0.35%
Other short-term borrowings	2,047,112		18,696		3.70	1,835,473		1,228		0.27
Short-term borrowings(4)	4,948,487		50,639		4.15	4,826,038		3,802		0.32
Medium-term notes	6,423,373		57,056		3.60	5,006,411		26,928		2.18
Collateral trust bonds	7,614,181		70,859		3.77	6,917,753		61,003		3.58
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	6,378,600		46,477		2.96	6,121,837		41,496		2.75
Farmer Mac notes payable	3,225,962		30,469		3.83	3,068,924		14,181		1.87
Other notes payable	2,557		15		2.38	5,890		31		2.13
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,642		12,881		5.29	986,433		12,885		5.30
Subordinated certificates	1,228,253		13,313		4.40	1,239,044		13,328		4.36
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	30,808,055	$	281,709	3.71%	$	28,172,330	$	173,654	2.50%
Other liabilities(3)	614,711					899,953
Total liabilities(3)	31,422,766					29,072,283
Total equity(3)	2,520,121					1,500,593
Total liabilities and equity(3)	$	33,942,887				$	30,572,876
Net interest spread(5)					0.64%					1.34%
Impact of non-interest bearing funding(6)					0.24					0.16
Net interest income/net interest yield(7)			$	71,583	0.88%			$	111,552	1.50%

Adjusted net interest income/adjusted net interest yield:
Interest income			$	353,292	4.35%			$	285,206	3.84%
Interest expense			281,709		3.71			173,654		2.50
Add: Net periodic derivative cash settlements interest (income) expense(8)			(18,634)		(1.00)			26,212		1.28
Adjusted interest expense/adjusted average cost(9)			$	263,075	3.46%			$	199,866	2.88%
Adjusted net interest spread(7)					0.89					0.96
Impact of non-interest bearing funding(6)					0.22					0.19
Adjusted net interest income/adjusted net interest yield(10)			$	90,217	1.11%			$	85,340	1.15%


	Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2023					2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Cost	Average Balance		Interest Income/Expense		Average Yield/Cost
Assets:
Long-term fixed-rate loans(1)	$	27,447,941	$	844,731	4.11%	$	25,752,324	$	792,147	4.11%
Long-term variable-rate loans	833,137		29,965		4.81	747,450		12,402		2.22
Line of credit loans	2,656,726		94,533		4.76	2,182,527		35,523		2.18
TDR loans..	16,505		539		4.37	9,617		555		7.72
Nonperforming loans	189,756		—		—	226,503		—		—
Other, net(2)	—		(1,139)		—	—		(1,079)		—
Total loans	31,144,065		968,629		4.16	28,918,421		839,548		3.88
Cash and investment securities	803,120		15,835		2.64	759,648		12,078		2.13
Total interest-earning assets	$	31,947,185	$	984,464	4.12%	$	29,678,069	$	851,626	3.84%
Other assets, less allowance for credit losses(3)	938,222					459,785
Total assets(3)	$	32,885,407				$	30,137,854

Liabilities:
Commercial paper	$	2,886,202	$	70,735	3.28%	$	2,594,386	$	6,531	0.34%
Other short-term borrowings	2,160,816		45,299		2.80	1,994,307		3,740		0.25
Short-term borrowings(4)	5,047,018		116,034		3.07	4,588,693		$	10,271	0.30
Medium-term notes	5,991,902		134,477		3.00	4,606,393		78,815		2.29
Collateral trust bonds	7,295,834		199,421		3.65	7,079,926		186,833		3.53
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	6,236,285		133,107		2.85	6,178,128		127,536		2.76
Farmer Mac notes payable	3,086,668		74,601		3.23	3,070,396		39,297		1.71
Other notes payable	4,015		72		2.40	7,470		127		2.27
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,589		38,656		5.24	986,382		38,657		5.24
Subordinated certificates	1,233,109		40,253		4.36	1,248,834		40,491		4.33
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	29,881,420	$	736,621	3.30%	$	27,766,222	$	522,027	2.51%
Other liabilities(3)	663,999					981,342
Total liabilities(3)	30,545,419					28,747,564
Total equity(3)	2,339,988					1,390,290
Total liabilities and equity(3)	$	32,885,407				$	30,137,854
Net interest spread(5)					0.82%					1.33%
Impact of non-interest bearing funding(6)					0.22					0.15
Net interest income/net interest yield(7)			$	247,843	1.04%			$	329,599	1.48%

Adjusted net interest income/adjusted net interest yield:
Interest income			$	984,464	4.12%			$	851,626	3.84%
Interest expense			736,621		3.30			522,027		2.51
Add: Net periodic derivative cash settlements interest (income) expense(8)			(12,650)		(0.22)			79,727		1.25
Adjusted interest expense/adjusted average cost(9)			$	723,971	3.24%			$	601,754	2.90%
Adjusted net interest spread(7)					0.88					0.94
Impact of non-interest bearing funding(6)					0.21					0.19
Adjusted net interest income/adjusted net interest yield(10)			$	260,493	1.09%			$	249,872	1.13%

___________________________

(1)Interest income on long-term, fixed-rate loans includes loan conversion fees, which are generally deferred and recognized as interest income using the effective interest method.

(2)Consists of late payment fees and net amortization of deferred loan fees and loan origination costs.

(3)The average balance represents average monthly balances, which is calculated based on the month-end balance as of the beginning of the reporting period and the balances as of the end of each month included in the specified reporting period.

(4)Short-term borrowings reported on our consolidated balance sheets consist of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less. However, short-term borrowings presented in Table 2 consist of commercial paper, select notes, daily liquidity fund notes and secured borrowings under repurchase agreements. Short-term borrowings presented on our consolidated balance sheets related to medium-term notes, Farmer Mac notes payable and other notes payable are reported in the respective category for presentation purposes in Table 2. The period-end amounts reported as short-term borrowings on our consolidated balances sheets, which are excluded from the calculation of average short-term borrowings presented in Table 2, totaled $853 million and $416 million as of February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(5)Net interest spread represents the difference between the average yield on total average interest-earning assets and the average cost of total average interest-bearing liabilities. Adjusted net interest spread represents the difference between the average yield on total average interest-earning assets and the adjusted average cost of total average interest-bearing liabilities.

(6)Includes other liabilities and equity.

(7)Net interest yield is calculated based on annualized net interest income for the period divided by total average interest-earning assets for the period.

(8)Represents the impact of net periodic contractual interest amounts on our interest rate swaps during the period. This amount is added to interest expense to derive non-GAAP adjusted interest expense. The average (benefit)/cost associated with derivatives is calculated based on the annualized net periodic swap settlement interest amount during the period divided by the average outstanding notional amount of derivatives during the period. The average outstanding notional amount of interest rate swaps was $7,555 million and $8,308 million for the three months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The average outstanding notional amount of interest rate swaps was $7,762 million and $8,540 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(9)Adjusted interest expense consists of interest expense plus net periodic derivative cash settlements interest expense during the period. Net periodic derivative cash settlement interest amounts are reported on our consolidated statements of operations as a component of derivative gains (losses). Adjusted average cost is calculated based on annualized adjusted interest expense for the period divided by total average interest-bearing liabilities during the period.

(10)Adjusted net interest yield is calculated based on annualized adjusted net interest income for the period divided by total average interest-earning assets for the period.

Table 3 displays the change in net interest income between periods and the extent to which the variance for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is attributable to: (i) changes in volume, which represents the change in the average balances of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities or volume and (ii) changes in the rate, which represents the change in the average interest rates of these assets and liabilities. The table also presents the change in adjusted net interest income between periods.

Table 3: Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Interest Income/Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended February 28,						Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2023 versus 2022						2023 versus 2022
	Total		Variance Due To:(1)				Total		Variance Due To:(1)
(Dollars in thousands)	Variance		Volume		Rate		Variance		Volume		Rate
Interest income:
Long-term fixed-rate loans	$	22,523	$	17,251	$	5,272	$	52,584	$	52,158	$	426
Long-term variable-rate loans	9,858		1,207		8,651		17,563		1,422		16,141
Line of credit loans	33,391		4,677		28,714		59,010		7,718		51,292
TDR loans	3		437		(434)		(16)		398		(414)

Other, net	(24)		—		(24)		(60)		—		(60)
Total loans	65,751		23,572		42,179		129,081		61,696		67,385
Cash and investment securities	2,335		227		2,108		3,757		691		3,066
Total interest income	68,086		23,799		44,287		132,838		62,387		70,451

Interest expense:
Commercial paper	29,369		(77)		29,446		64,204		735		63,469
Other short-term borrowings	17,468		142		17,326		41,559		312		41,247
Short-term borrowings	46,837		65		46,772		105,763		1,047		104,716
Medium-term notes	30,128		7,621		22,507		55,662		23,706		31,956
Collateral trust bonds	9,856		6,141		3,715		12,588		5,698		6,890
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	4,981		1,740		3,241		5,571		1,201		4,370
Farmer Mac notes payable	16,288		726		15,562		35,304		208		35,096
Other notes payable	(16)		(18)		2		(55)		(59)		4
Subordinated deferrable debt	(4)		3		(7)		(1)		8		(9)
Subordinated certificates	(15)		(116)		101		(238)		(510)		272
Total interest expense	108,055		16,162		91,893		214,594		31,299		183,295
Net interest income	$	(39,969)	$	7,637	$	(47,606)	$	(81,756)	$	31,088	$	(112,844)

Adjusted net interest income:
Interest income	$	68,086	$	23,799	$	44,287	$	132,838	$	62,387	$	70,451
Interest expense	108,055		16,162		91,893		214,594		31,299		183,295
Net periodic derivative cash settlements interest expense(2)	(44,846)		(2,374)		(42,472)		(92,377)		(7,265)		(85,112)
Adjusted interest expense(3)	63,209		13,788		49,421		122,217		24,034		98,183
Adjusted net interest income	$	4,877	$	10,011	$	(5,134)	$	10,621	$	38,353	$	(27,732)

____________________________

(1)The changes for each category of interest income and interest expense represent changes in either average balances (volume) or average rates for both interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We allocate the amount attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate to the rate variance.

(2)For the net periodic derivative cash settlements interest amount, the variance due to average volume represents the change in the net periodic derivative cash settlements interest expense amount resulting from the change in the average notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding. The variance due to average rate represents the change in the net periodic derivative cash settlements amount resulting from the net difference between the average rate paid and the average rate received for interest rate swaps during the period.

(3)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information on our adjusted non-GAAP measures.

Reported Net Interest Income

Reported net interest income of $72 million for the current quarter decreased $40 million, or 36%, from the same prior-year-quarter, driven by a decrease in the net interest yield of 62 basis points, or 41%, to 0.88%, partially offset by an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,768 million, or 9%.

•Average Interest-Earning Assets: The increase in average interest-earning assets of 9% was attributable to growth in average total loans of $2,721 million, or 9%, driven primarily by an increase in average long-term fixed-rate loans of $1,699 million and an increase in average line of credit loans of $871 million, as members continued to advance loans to fund capital expenditures and for working capital.

•Net Interest Yield: The decrease in the net interest yield of 62 basis points, or 41%, was primarily attributable to the combined impact of an increase in our average cost of borrowings of 121 basis points to 3.71%, which was partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 51 basis points to 4.35% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 8 basis points to 0.24%. The increase in our average cost of borrowings and average yield on interest-earning assets were driven by the continued increase in the federal funds rate.

Reported net interest income of $248 million for the current year-to-date period decreased $82 million, or 25%, from the same prior year-to-date period, driven by a decrease in the net interest yield of 44 basis points, or 30%, to 1.04%, partially offset by an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,269 million, or 8%.

•Average Interest-Earning Assets: The increase in average interest-earning assets of 8% was attributable to growth in average total loans of $2,226 million, or 8%, driven primarily by an increase in average long-term fixed-rate loans of $1,696 million and an increase in average line of credit loans of $474 million, as members continued to advance loans to fund capital expenditures and for working capital.

•Net Interest Yield: The decrease in the net interest yield of 44 basis points, or 30%, was primarily attributable to the combined impact of an increase in our average cost of borrowings of 79 basis points to 3.30%, which was partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 28 basis points to 4.12% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 7 basis points to 0.22%. As mentioned above, the increases in the average cost of borrowings and average yield on interest-earning assets were driven by the continued increase in the federal funds rate. Specifically, we experienced an increase in our average cost of short-term and variable-rate borrowings and average yield on line of credit and variable-rate loans attributable to an overall increase in the federal funds rate of 450 basis points since February 28, 2022.

Adjusted Net Interest Income

Adjusted net interest income of $90 million for the current quarter, increased $5 million, or 6%, from the same prior-year quarter, driven by an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,768 million, or 9%, partially offset by a decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis point, or 3%, to 1.11%.

•Average Interest-Earning Assets: The increase in average interest-earning assets of 9% during the current quarter was driven by the growth in average total loans of $2,721 million, or 9%, attributable primarily to the increase in average long-term fixed-rate and line of credit loans as discussed above.

•Adjusted Net Interest Yield: The decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis point, or 3%, reflected the combined impact of an increase in our adjusted average cost of borrowings of 58 basis points to 3.46%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 51 basis points to 4.35% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 3 basis points to 0.22%. Our average yield on interest-earning assets and adjusted average cost of borrowings rose mainly due to the sustained increase in the federal funds rate. The increase in average yields on line of credit and variable-rate loans was the primary driver for the increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets. Meanwhile, our adjusted average cost of borrowings increased due to higher interest rates on our short-term and variable-rate borrowings.

Adjusted net interest income of $260 million for the current year-to-date period increased $11 million, or 4%, from the same prior year-to-date period driven by the combined impact of an increase in average interest-earning assets of $2,269 million, or 8%, partially offset by a decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis point, or 4%, to 1.09%.

•Average Interest-Earning Assets: The increase in average interest-earning assets of 8% during the current year-to-date period was driven by the growth in average total loans of $2,226 million, or 8%, attributable primarily to the increase in average long-term fixed-rate and line of credit loans as discussed above.

•Adjusted Net Interest Yield: The decrease in the adjusted net interest yield of 4 basis point, or 4%, reflected the combined impact of an increase in our adjusted average cost of borrowings of 34 basis points to 3.24%, partially offset by an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets of 28 basis points to 4.12% and an increase in the benefit from non-interest bearing funding of 2 basis points to 0.21%. We discuss above the primary drivers for the increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets and adjusted average cost of borrowings.

We include the net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income (expense) amounts on our interest rate swaps in the calculation of our adjusted average cost of borrowings, which, as a result, also impacts the calculation of adjusted net interest income and adjusted net interest yield. We recorded net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income of $19 million for the current quarter, compared with derivative cash settlements interest expense of $26 million for the same prior-year quarter. We recorded net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income of $13 million for the current year-to-date period, compared with derivative cash settlements interest expense of $80 million for the same prior year-to-date period.

The floating-rate payments on our interest rate swaps are typically based on 3-month LIBOR. Because our derivative portfolio consists of a higher proportion of pay-fixed swaps than receive-fixed swaps, the net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income (expense) amounts generally change based on changes in the floating interest amount received each period. When the 3-month LIBOR rate increases during the period, the received floating interest amounts on our pay-fixed swaps increase and, conversely, when the 3-month LIBOR swap rate decreases, the received floating interest amounts on our pay-fixed swaps decrease. The 3-month LIBOR rate increased during the current quarter and year-to-date period, resulting in an increase in received floating interest amounts and contributing to a net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income in the current quarter and year-to-date period. In contrast, the 3-month LIBOR rate increase was more modest during the same prior-year periods, resulting in a lower increase in received floating interest amounts and contributing to a modest reduction in net periodic derivative cash settlements interest expense amounts in the same prior-year periods, when compared to the current-year periods.

See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information on our adjusted measures, including a reconciliation of these measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

Provision for Credit Losses

Our provision for credit losses each period is driven by changes in our measurement of lifetime expected credit losses for our loan portfolio recorded in the allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses and allowance coverage ratio was $56 million and 0.17%, respectively, as of February 28, 2023. In comparison, our allowance for credit losses and allowance coverage ratio was with $68 million and 0.22%, respectively, as of May 31, 2022.

We recorded a benefit for credit losses of $11 million for the current quarter, compared with a benefit for credit losses of $13 million for the same prior-year quarter. The current quarter benefit stemmed primarily from a reduction in the asset-specific allowance for a nonperforming CFC power supply loan, attributable to an increase in the expected payments on this loan. The benefit for credit losses recorded in the same prior-year quarter was primarily attributable to a decrease in the collective allowance, stemming largely from positive developments during the same prior-year quarter related to Rayburn that resulted in an improvement in Rayburn’s credit risk profile and also a significant reduction in our loans outstanding to Rayburn.

attributable to a reduction and timing change in the expected payments on this loan. The benefit for credit losses for the same prior year-to-date period was primarily driven by a decrease in the collective allowance due to an improvement in Rayburn’s credit risk profile and a significant reduction in loans outstanding to Rayburn.

We discuss our methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Allowance for Credit Losses—Current Methodology” in our 2022 Form 10-K and provide additional information on our allowance for credit losses under the “Credit Risk—Allowance for Credit Losses” section and in “Note 5—Allowance for Credit Losses” of this Report.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income consists of fee and other income, gains and losses on derivatives not accounted for in hedge accounting relationships and gains and losses on equity and debt investment securities, which consists of both unrealized and realized gains and losses.

Table 4 presents the components of non-interest income (loss) recorded in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 4: Non-Interest Income


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Non-interest income components:
Fee and other income	$	5,326	$	4,270	$	13,548	$	13,042
Derivative gains	102,308		169,280		342,685		43,203
Investment securities losses	(1,402)		(11,621)		(5,574)		(18,190)
Total non-interest income	$	106,232	$	161,929	$	350,659	$	38,055

The significant variance in non-interest income between the current-year periods and the same prior-year periods was primarily attributable to changes in the derivative gains recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, we experienced a decrease in the losses recorded on our debt and equity investment securities of $10 million and $13 million for the current quarter and year-to-date period, respectively, compared with the same prior-year periods. We expect period-to-period market fluctuations in the fair value of our equity and debt investment securities, which we report together with realized gains and losses from the sale of investment securities on our consolidated statements of operations.

Derivative Gains (Losses)

Our derivative instruments are an integral part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Our principal purpose in using derivatives is to manage our aggregate interest rate risk profile within prescribed risk parameters. The derivative instruments we use primarily include interest rate swaps, which we typically hold to maturity. In addition, we may use treasury locks to manage the interest rate risk associated with future debt issuance or debt that is scheduled to reprice in the future. The primary factors affecting the fair value of our derivatives and derivative gains (losses) recorded in our results of operations include changes in interest rates, the shape of the swap curve and the composition of our derivative portfolio. We generally do not designate our interest rate swaps, which currently account for all our derivatives, for hedge accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of interest rate swaps are reported in our consolidated statements of operations under derivative gains (losses). However, if we execute a treasury lock, we typically designate the treasury lock as a cash flow hedge.

We currently use two types of interest rate swap agreements: (i) we pay a fixed rate of interest and receive a variable rate of interest (“pay-fixed swaps”), and (ii) we pay a variable rate of interest and receive a fixed rate of interest (“receive-fixed swaps”). The interest amounts are based on a specified notional balance, which is used for calculation purposes only. The benchmark variable rate for the substantial majority of the floating-rate payments under our swap agreements is 3-month LIBOR. As interest rates decline, pay-fixed swaps generally decrease in value and result in the recognition of derivative losses, as the amount of interest we pay remains fixed, while the amount of interest we receive declines. In contrast, as interest rates rise, pay-fixed swaps generally increase in value and result in the recognition of derivative gains, as the amount of interest we pay remains fixed, but the amount we receive increases. With a receive-fixed swap, the opposite results occur

as interest rates decline or rise. Our derivative portfolio consists of a higher proportion of pay-fixed swaps than receive-fixed swaps; therefore, we generally record derivative losses when interest rates decline and derivative gains when interest rates rise. Because our pay-fixed and receive-fixed swaps are referenced to different maturity terms along the swap curve, different changes in the swap curve—parallel, flattening, inversion or steepening—will also impact the fair value of our derivatives.

During the nine months ended February 28, 2023, we executed three treasury lock agreements with a total aggregate notional amount of $400 million to hedge interest rate risk by locking in the underlying U.S. Treasury interest rate component of interest rate payments on anticipated debt issuances. The treasury locks were designated and qualified as cash flow hedges. We terminated these treasury locks in February 2023 and we recorded a net settlement gain of $7 million in AOCI, which will be reclassified into interest expense over the term that the hedged debt transaction affects earnings. We did not have any derivatives designated as accounting hedges as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 5 presents the components of net derivative gains (losses) recorded in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022. Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense) represents the net periodic contractual interest amount for our interest-rate swaps during the reporting period. Derivative forward value gains (losses) represent the change in fair value of our interest rate swaps during the applicable reporting period due to changes in expected future interest rates over the remaining life of our derivative contracts.

Table 5: Derivative Gains (Losses)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivative gains attributable to:
Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)	$	18,634	$	(26,212)	$	12,650	$	(79,727)
Derivative forward value gains	83,674		195,492		330,035		122,930
Derivative gains	$	102,308	$	169,280	$	342,685	$	43,203

We recorded derivative gains of $102 million for the current quarter, attributable to increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve during the period. In comparison, we recorded derivatives gains of $169 million for the same prior-year quarter, attributable to more pronounced increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve relative to the current-quarter increases.

We recorded derivative gains of $343 million for the current year-to-date period, attributable to pronounced increases in interest rates across the entire swap curve during the period. In comparison, we recorded derivative gains of $43 million for the same prior year-to-date period, driven by the combined impact of increases in short- and medium-term swap rates, namely the 3-month LIBOR to 10-year swap rates.

As noted above, the substantial majority of our swap portfolio consists of longer-dated, pay-fixed swaps. Therefore, increases and decreases in medium- and longer-term swap rates generally have a more pronounced corresponding impact on the change in the net fair value of our swap portfolio. We present comparative swap curves, which depict the relationship between swap rates at varying maturities, for our reported periods in Table 7 below.

Table 6 displays, by interest rate swap agreement type, the average notional amount and the weighted-average interest rate paid and received for the net periodic derivative cash settlements interest income (expense) during each respective period. As discussed above, our derivative portfolio consists of a higher proportion of pay-fixed swaps than receive-fixed swaps, with pay-fixed swaps accounting for approximately 77% and 75% of the outstanding notional amount of our derivative portfolio as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Table 6: Derivatives—Average Notional Amounts and Interest Rates



	Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023				2022
	Average		Weighted-		Average		Weighted-
	Notional		Average Rate		Notional		Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Paid	Received	Amount		Paid	Received
Interest rate swap type:
Pay-fixed swaps	$	5,855,424	2.59%	4.70%	$	6,076,233	2.61%	0.25%
Receive-fixed swaps	1,700,000		5.36	2.97	2,231,779		0.94	2.82
Total	$	7,555,424	3.22%	4.31%	$	8,308,012	2.15%	0.95%


	Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2023				2022
	Average		Weighted-		Average		Weighted-
	Notional		Average Rate		Notional		Average Rate
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Paid	Received	Amount		Paid	Received
Interest rate swap type:
Pay-fixed swaps	$	5,939,056	2.60%	3.50%	$	6,196,383	2.62%	0.18%
Receive-fixed swaps	1,823,004		4.04	2.91	2,343,872		0.90	2.81
Total	$	7,762,060	2.94%	3.36%	$	8,540,255	2.14%	0.91%

The average remaining maturity of our pay-fixed and receive-fixed swaps was 19 years and three years, respectively, as of both February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022.

Comparative Swap Curves

Table 7 below provides comparative swap curves as of February 28, 2023, November 30, 2022, May 31, 2022, February 28, 2022, November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021.

Table 7: Comparative Swap Curves

____________________________

Benchmark rates obtained from Bloomberg.

See “Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” for additional information on our derivative instruments. Also refer to “Note 14—Fair Value Measurement” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Form 10-K for information on how we measure the fair value of our derivative instruments.

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense consists of salaries and employee benefit expense, general and administrative expenses, gains and losses on the early extinguishment of debt and other miscellaneous expenses. Table 8 presents the components of non-interest expense recorded in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 8: Non-Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Non-interest expense components:
Salaries and employee benefits	$	(14,808)	$	(13,181)	$	(42,792)	$	(38,871)
Other general and administrative expenses	(10,507)		(9,898)		(35,289)		(31,513)
Operating expenses	(25,315)		(23,079)		(78,081)		(70,384)

Other non-interest expense	(298)		(843)		(975)		(1,530)
Total non-interest expense	$	(25,613)	$	(23,922)	$	(79,056)	$	(71,914)

Non-interest expense of $26 million and $79 million for current quarter and year-to-date period, respectively, increased $2 million, or 7%, and $7 million, or 10%, respectively, from the same prior-year periods, primarily attributable to an increase in operating expenses, driven by higher expenses recorded for salaries, information technology, business travel and in-person corporate meetings and events.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests represents 100% of the results of operations of NCSC and RTFC, as the members of NCSC and RTFC own or control 100% of the interest in their respective companies. The fluctuations in net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests are primarily due to changes in the fair value of NCSC’s derivative instruments recognized in NCSC’s earnings.

We recorded net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of less than $1 million and $1 million for the current quarter and current year-to-date period, respectively. In comparison, we recorded a net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $1 million for both the same prior-year quarter and prior year-to-date period.


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS

Total assets increased $2,750 million, or 9%, to $34,002 million as of February 28, 2023, primarily due to growth in our loan portfolio. We experienced an increase in total liabilities of $2,289 million, or 8%, to $31,398 million as of February 28, 2023, largely due to the issuances of debt to fund the growth in our loan portfolio. Total equity increased $461 million to $2,603 million as of February 28, 2023, attributable to our reported net income of $515 million for the current year-to-date period, which was partially offset by the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million.

Below is a discussion of changes in the major components of our assets and liabilities during the current year-to-date period. Period-end balance sheet amounts may vary from average balance sheet amounts due to liquidity and balance sheet management activities that are intended to manage our liquidity requirements and market risk exposure in accordance with our risk appetite framework.

Loan Portfolio

We segregate our loan portfolio into segments, by legal entity, based on the borrower member class, which consists of CFC distribution, CFC power supply, CFC statewide and associate, NCSC and RTFC. We offer both long-term and line of credit loans to our borrowers. Under our long-term loan facilities, a borrower may select a fixed interest rate or a variable interest rate at the time of each loan advance. Line of credit loans are revolving loan facilities and generally have a variable interest rate. We describe and provide additional information on our member classes under “Item 1. Business—Members” and information about our loan programs and loan product types under “Item 1. Business—Loan and Guarantee Programs” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Loans Outstanding

Loans to members totaled $32,382 million and $30,063 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Loans to CFC distribution and power supply borrowers accounted for 95% and 96% of total loans to members as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in loans to members of $2,319 million, or 8%, from May 31, 2022, was primarily attributable to net increases in long-term and line of credit loans of $1,182 million and $1,136 million, respectively. The $1,136 million increase in line of credit loans was primarily attributable to funding provided for higher operating costs that our members experienced, bridge loans due to delays in RUS financing and broadband bridge loan financing. We experienced increases in CFC distribution loans, CFC power supply loans, CFC statewide and associate loans, NCSC loans and RTFC loans of $1,580 million, $417 million, $29 million, $278 million and $14 million, respectively.

Of the total long-term loans advanced for capital expenditures during the current year-to-date period, approximately $605 million was to provide funding for members’ infrastructure investments in broadband projects. Our aggregate loans outstanding to CFC electric distribution cooperative members relating to broadband projects, which we started tracking in October 2017, increased to an estimated $2,127 million as of February 28, 2023, from approximately $1,647 million as of May 31, 2022.

We provide information on the credit performance and risk profile of our loan portfolio below under the section “Credit Risk—Loan Portfolio Credit Risk.” Also refer to “Note 4—Loans” for addition information on our loans to members.

Debt

We utilize both short-term borrowings and long-term debt as part of our funding strategy and asset/liability interest rate risk management. We seek to maintain diversified funding sources, including our members, affiliates, the capital markets and other funding sources, across products, programs and markets to manage funding concentrations and reduce our liquidity or debt rollover risk. Our funding sources include a variety of secured and unsecured debt securities, in a wide range of maturities, to our members, affiliates, the capital markets and other funding sources.

Debt Outstanding

Table 9 displays the composition, by product type, of our outstanding debt as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. Table 9 also displays the composition of our debt based on several additional selected attributes.

Table 9: Debt—Total Debt Outstanding


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022		Change
Debt product type:
Commercial paper:
Members, at par	$	932,880	$	1,358,069	$	(425,189)
Dealer, net of discounts	1,213,653		1,024,813		188,840
Total commercial paper	2,146,533		2,382,882		(236,349)
Select notes, members	1,601,165		1,753,441		(152,276)
Daily liquidity fund notes, members	298,502		427,790		(129,288)

Medium-term notes:
Members, at par	664,908		667,451		(2,543)
Dealer, net of discounts	6,150,600		5,241,687		908,913
Total medium-term notes	6,815,508		5,909,138		906,370
Collateral trust bonds	7,573,869		6,848,490		725,379
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	6,771,125		6,105,473		665,652
Farmer Mac notes payable	3,523,742		3,094,679		429,063
Other notes payable	1,165		4,714		(3,549)
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		986,518		160
Members’ subordinated certificates:
Membership subordinated certificates	628,609		628,603		6
Loan and guarantee subordinated certificates	348,643		365,388		(16,745)
Member capital securities	246,163		240,170		5,993
Total members’ subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,234,161		(10,746)
Total debt outstanding	$	30,941,702	$	28,747,286	$	2,194,416


Security type:
Secured debt	58%	56%
Unsecured debt	42	44
Total	100%	100%

Funding source:
Members	15%	19%
Other non-capital market:
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	22	21
Farmer Mac notes payable	11	11

Total other non-capital market	33	32
Capital markets	52	49
Total	100%	100%

Interest rate type:
Fixed-rate debt	80%	77%
Variable-rate debt	20	23
Total	100%	100%

Interest rate type, including the impact of swaps:
Fixed-rate debt(1)	93%	91%
Variable-rate debt(2)	7	9
Total	100%	100%

Maturity classification:(3)
Short-term borrowings	16%	17%
Long-term and subordinated debt(4)	84	83
Total	100%	100%

____________________________

(1) Includes variable-rate debt that has been swapped to a fixed rate, net of any fixed-rate debt that has been swapped to a variable rate.

(2) Includes fixed-rate debt that has been swapped to a variable rate, net of any variable-rate debt that has been swapped to a fixed rate. Also includes

commercial paper notes, which generally have maturities of less than 90 days. The interest rate on commercial paper notes does not change once the note has been issued; however, the interest rate for new commercial paper issuances changes daily.

(3) Borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less are classified as short-term borrowings. Borrowings with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year are classified as long-term debt.

(4) Consists of long-term debt, subordinated deferrable debt and total members’ subordinated debt reported on our consolidated balance sheets. Maturity classification is based on the original contractual maturity as of the date of issuance of the debt.

Below is a summary of significant financing activities during the current year-to-date period:

•On June 15, 2022, we amended the revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac to increase the maximum borrowing availability to $6,000 million from $5,500 million, and extend the draw period from June 30, 2026 to June 30, 2027.

•On August 17, 2022, we issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 4.15% sustainability collateral trust bonds due December 15, 2032. On October 31, 2022, we issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.80% collateral trust bonds due January 15, 2033. On February 9, 2023, we issued a total of $300 million aggregate principal amount of collateral trust bonds at 5.80% due January 15, 2033.

•On August 22, 2022, October 4, 2022, and January 26, 2023, we borrowed $200 million, $200 million and $500 million, respectively, under the Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement.

•On August 29, 2022, October 13, 2022, and February 14, 2023, we borrowed $100 million, $200 million and $500 million, respectively, under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program.

•On October 20, 2022, we amended the three-year and four-year revolving credit agreements to extend the maturity dates to November 28, 2025 and November 28, 2026, respectively, and to replace LIBOR with SOFR index.

•On October 31, 2022, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes at a fixed rate of 5.45% due on October 30, 2025. On December 16, 2022, we issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes at a fixed rate of 4.80% due on March 15, 2028. On February 9, 2023, we issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes at a fixed rate of 4.45% due on March 13, 2026 and $200 million aggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes at a fixed rate of 4.80% due on March 15, 2028.

•On November 29, 2022, we borrowed $390 million under repurchase agreements that we have with counterparties and we repurchased the securities underlying these transactions on December 2, 2022.

•On December 15, 2022, we closed on a $750 million committed loan facility (“Series T”) from the Federal Financing Bank under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program. Pursuant to this facility, we may borrow any time before July 15, 2027. Each advance is subject to quarterly amortization and a final maturity not longer than 30 years from the date of the advance.

Member Investments

Debt securities issued to our members represent an important, stable source of funding. Table 10 displays member debt outstanding, by product type, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 10: Debt—Member Investments


	February 28, 2023			May 31, 2022			Change
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total (1)	Amount		% of Total (1)
Member investment product type:
Commercial paper	$	932,880	43%	$	1,358,069	57%	$	(425,189)
Select notes	1,601,165		100	1,753,441		100	(152,276)
Daily liquidity fund notes	298,502		100	427,790		100	(129,288)
Medium-term notes	664,908		10	667,451		11	(2,543)
Members’ subordinated certificates	1,223,415		100	1,234,161		100	(10,746)
Total member investments	$	4,720,870		$	5,440,912		$	(720,042)

Percentage of total debt outstanding	15%			19%

____________________________

(1) Represents outstanding debt attributable to members for each debt product type as a percentage of the total outstanding debt for each debt product type.

Member investments accounted for 15% and 19% of total debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Over the last twelve fiscal quarters, our member investments have averaged $5,211 million, calculated based on outstanding member investments as of the end of each fiscal quarter during the period.

Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings consist of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and do not include the current portion of long-term debt. Short-term borrowings decreased to $4,900 million as of February 28, 2023, from $4,981 million as of May 31, 2022, primarily driven by a decrease in short-term member investments, partially offset by increase in outstanding dealer commercial paper and short-term notes payable advanced under the Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement. Short-term borrowings accounted for 16% and 17% of total debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

See “Liquidity Risk” below and “Note 6—Short-Term Borrowings” for information on the composition of our short-term borrowings.

Long-Term and Subordinated Debt

Long-term debt, defined as debt with an original contractual maturity term of greater than one year, primarily consists of medium-term notes, collateral trust bonds, notes payable under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and notes payable under the Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement. Subordinated debt consists of subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates. Our subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates have original contractual maturity terms of greater than one year.

Long-term and subordinated debt increased to $26,042 million as of February 28, 2023, from $23,766 million as of May 31, 2022, primarily due to a net increase of $910 million in dealer medium term notes, $725 million in collateral trust bonds and $666 million in notes payable under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program to fund loan portfolio growth during the current year-to-date period. Long-term and subordinated debt accounted for 84% and 83% of total debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

We provide additional information on our long-term debt below under the “Liquidity Risk” section and in “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” and “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt” of this Report.

Equity

Table 11 presents the components of total CFC equity and total equity as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 11: Equity


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Equity components:
Membership fees and educational fund:
Membership fees	$	969	$	970
Educational fund	1,780		2,417
Total membership fees and educational fund	2,749		3,387
Patronage capital allocated	896,096		954,988
Members’ capital reserve	1,062,286		1,062,286
Total allocated equity	1,961,131		2,020,661
Unallocated net income (loss):
Prior fiscal year-end cumulative derivative forward value gains (losses)(1)	92,363		(461,162)
Year-to-date derivative forward value gains (1)	327,532		553,525
Period-end cumulative derivative forward value gains(1)	419,895		92,363
Other unallocated net income (loss)	186,073		(709)
Unallocated net income	605,968		91,654
CFC retained equity	2,567,099		2,112,315
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8,694		2,258
Total CFC equity	2,575,793		2,114,573
Noncontrolling interests	27,633		27,396
Total equity	$	2,603,426	$	2,141,969

____________________________

(1)Represents derivative forward value gains (losses) for CFC only, as total CFC equity does not include the noncontrolling interests of the variable interest entities NCSC and RTFC, which we are required to consolidate. We present the consolidated total derivative forward value gains (losses) in Table 30 in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below. Also, see “Note 14—Business Segments” for the statements of operations for CFC.

The increase in total equity of $461 million to $2,603 million as of February 28, 2023 was attributable to our reported net income of $515 million for the current year-to-date period, partially offset by the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million.

Allocation and Retirement of Patronage Capital

We are subject to District of Columbia law governing cooperatives, under which CFC is required to make annual allocations of net earnings, if any, in accordance with the provisions of the District of Columbia statutes. We describe the allocation requirements under “Item 7. MD&A—Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis—Equity—Allocation and Retirement of Patronage Capital” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

In May 2022, the CFC Board of Directors authorized the allocation of $1 million of net earnings for fiscal year 2022 to the cooperative educational fund. In July 2022, the CFC Board of Directors authorized the allocation of fiscal year 2022 adjusted net income as follows: $89 million to members in the form of patronage capital and $153 million to the members’ capital reserve. The amount of patronage capital allocated each year by CFC’s Board of Directors is based on non-GAAP adjusted net income, which excludes the impact of derivative forward value gains (losses). We provide a reconciliation of our adjusted net income to our reported net income and an explanation of the adjustments below in “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

In July 2022, the CFC Board of Directors also authorized the retirement of patronage capital totaling $59 million, of which $44 million represented 50% of the patronage capital allocation for fiscal year 2022, and $15 million represented the portion of the allocation from fiscal year 1997 net earnings that has been held for 25 years pursuant to the CFC Board of Directors’

policy. This amount was returned to members in cash in September 2022. The remaining portion of the patronage capital allocation for fiscal year 2022 will be retained by CFC for 25 years pursuant to the guidelines adopted by the CFC Board of Directors in June 2009.


ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT

Overview

We face a variety of risks that can significantly affect our financial performance, liquidity, reputation and ability to meet the expectations of our members, investors and other stakeholders. As a financial services company, the major categories of risk exposures inherent in our business activities include credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk and operational risk. These risk categories are summarized below.

•Credit risk is the risk that a borrower or other counterparty will be unable to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed-upon terms.

•Liquidity risk is the risk that we will be unable to fund our operations and meet our contractual obligations or that we will be unable to fund new loans to borrowers at a reasonable cost and tenor in a timely manner.

•Market risk is the risk that changes in market variables, such as movements in interest rates, may adversely affect the match between the timing of the contractual maturities, re-pricing and prepayments of our financial assets and the related financial liabilities funding those assets.

•Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal controls, processes, systems, human error or external events, including natural disasters or public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Operational risk also includes cybersecurity risk, compliance risk, fiduciary risk, reputational risk and litigation risk.

Effective risk management is critical to our overall operations and to achieving our primary objective of providing cost-based financial products to our rural electric members while maintaining the sound financial results required for investment-grade credit ratings on our rated debt instruments. Accordingly, we have a risk-management framework that is intended to govern the principal risks we face in conducting our business and the aggregate amount of risk we are willing to accept, referred to as risk appetite and risk guidelines, in the context of CFC’s mission and strategic objectives and initiatives. We provide a discussion of our risk management framework in our 2022 Form 10-K under “Item 7. MD&A—Enterprise Risk Management” and describe how we manage these risks under each respective MD&A section in our 2022 Form 10-K.


CREDIT RISK

Our loan portfolio, which represents the largest component of assets on our balance sheet, accounts for the substantial majority of our credit risk exposure. We also engage in certain non-lending activities that may give rise to counterparty credit risk, such as entering into derivative transactions to manage interest rate risk and purchasing investment securities. We provide additional information on our credit risk-management framework under “Item 7. MD&A—Credit Risk—Credit Risk Management” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Loan Portfolio Credit Risk

Our primary credit exposure is loans to rural electric cooperatives, which provide essential electric services to end-users, the majority of which are residential customers. We also have a limited portfolio of loans to not-for-profit and for-profit telecommunication companies. Loans outstanding to electric utility organizations totaled $31,887 million and $29,584 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, representing 98% of our total loans outstanding as of each respective date. The remaining loans outstanding in our loan portfolio were to RTFC members, affiliates and associates in the telecommunications industry sector. The substantial majority of loans to our borrowers are long-term fixed-rate loans with terms of up to 35 years. Long-term fixed-rate loans accounted for 86% and 90% of total loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Because we lend primarily to our rural electric utility cooperative members, we have had a loan portfolio inherently subject to single-industry and single-obligor credit concentration risk since our inception in 1969. We historically, however, have experienced limited defaults and losses in our electric utility loan portfolio due to several factors. First, the majority of our electric cooperative borrowers operate in states where electric cooperatives are not subject to rate regulation. Thus, they are able to make rate adjustments to pass along increased costs to the end customer without first obtaining state regulatory approval, allowing them to cover operating costs and generate sufficient earnings and cash flows to service their debt obligations. Second, electric cooperatives face limited competition, as they tend to operate in exclusive territories not serviced by public investor-owned utilities. Third, electric cooperatives typically are consumer-owned, not-for-profit entities that provide an essential service to end-users, the majority of which are residential customers. As not-for-profit entities, rural electric cooperatives, unlike investor-owned utilities, generally are eligible to apply for assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) and states to help recover from major disasters or emergencies. Fourth, electric cooperatives tend to adhere to a conservative core business strategy model that has historically resulted in a relatively stable, resilient operating environment and overall strong financial performance and credit strength for the electric cooperative network. Finally, we generally lend to our members on a senior secured basis, which reduces the risk of loss in the event of a borrower default.

Below we provide information on the credit risk profile of our loan portfolio, including security provisions, credit concentration, credit quality indicators and our allowance for credit losses.

Security Provisions

Except when providing line of credit loans, we generally lend to our members on a senior secured basis. Table 12 presents, by legal entity and member class and by loan type, secured and unsecured loans in our loan portfolio as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. Of our total loans outstanding, 91% and 93% were secured as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Table 12: Loans—Loan Portfolio Security Profile


	February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Secured		% of Total	Unsecured		% of Total	Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	23,331,069	92%	$	2,093,559	8%	$	25,424,628
Power supply	4,578,367		86	740,198		14	5,318,565
Statewide and associate	107,910		69	47,968		31	155,878
Total CFC	28,017,346		91	2,881,725		9	$	30,899,071
NCSC	956,116		97	32,255		3	988,371
RTFC	461,347		96	20,442		4	481,789
Total loans outstanding(1)	$	29,434,809	91	$	2,934,422	9	$	32,369,231

Loan type:
Long-term loans:
Fixed rate	$	27,853,993	99%	$	185,815	1%	$	28,039,808
Variable rate	913,152		100	1,943		—	915,095
Total long-term loans	28,767,145		99	187,758		1	28,954,903
Line of credit loans	667,664		20	2,746,664		80	3,414,328
Total loans outstanding(1)	$	29,434,809	91	$	2,934,422	9	$	32,369,231



	May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Secured		% of Total	Unsecured		% of Total	Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	22,405,486	94%	$	1,438,756	6%	$	23,844,242
Power supply	4,455,098		91	446,672		9	4,901,770
Statewide and associate	83,759		66	43,104		34	126,863
Total CFC	$	26,944,343	93	1,928,532		7	28,872,875
NCSC	689,887		97	20,991		3	710,878
RTFC	454,985		97	12,616		3	467,601
Total loans outstanding(1)	$	28,089,215	93	$	1,962,139	7	$	30,051,354

Loan type:
Long-term loans:
Fixed rate	$	26,731,763	99%	$	220,609	1%	$	26,952,372
Variable rate	817,866		100	2,335		—	820,201

Total long-term loans	27,549,629		99	222,944		1	27,772,573
Line of credit loans	539,586		24	1,739,195		76	2,278,781
Total loans outstanding(1)	$	28,089,215	93	$	1,962,139	7	$	30,051,354

____________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance, net of discounts, charge-offs and recoveries, of loans as of the end of each period. Excludes unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $13 million and $12 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Credit Concentration

Concentrations of credit may exist when a lender has large credit exposures to single borrowers, large credit exposures to borrowers in the same industry sector or engaged in similar activities or large credit exposures to borrowers in a geographic region that would cause the borrowers to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions in the region. As discussed above under “Credit Risk—Loan Portfolio Credit Risk,” because we lend primarily to our rural electric utility cooperative members, our loan portfolio is inherently subject to single-industry and single-obligor credit concentration risk. Loans outstanding to electric utility organizations totaled $31,887 million and $29,584 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and represented approximately 98% of our total loans outstanding as of each respective date. Our credit exposure is partially mitigated by long-term loans guaranteed by RUS, which totaled $125 million and $131 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Single-Obligor Concentration

Table 13 displays the outstanding loan exposure for our 20 largest borrowers, by legal entity and member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. Our 20 largest borrowers consisted of 10 distribution systems and 10 power supply systems as of February 28, 2023 and 12 distribution systems and eight power supply systems as of May 31, 2022. The largest total exposure to a single borrower or controlled group represented 1% of total loans outstanding as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 13: Loans—Loan Exposure to 20 Largest Borrowers


	February 28, 2023			May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	3,594,611	11%	$	3,929,160	13%
Power supply	2,755,117		8	2,095,640		7
Total CFC	6,349,728		19	6,024,800		20
NCSC	207,778		1	195,001		1
Total loan exposure to 20 largest borrowers	6,557,506		20	6,219,801		21
Less: Loans covered under Farmer Mac standby purchase commitment	(269,909)		(1)	(316,367)		(1)
Net loan exposure to 20 largest borrowers	$	6,287,597	19%	$	5,903,434	20%

We entered into a long-term standby purchase commitment agreement with Farmer Mac during fiscal year 2016. Under this agreement, we may designate certain long-term loans to be covered under the commitment, subject to approval by Farmer Mac, and in the event any such loan later goes into payment default for at least 90 days, upon request by us, Farmer Mac must purchase such loan at par value. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of designated and Farmer Mac approved loans was $443 million and $493 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Loan exposure to our 20 largest borrowers covered under the Farmer Mac agreement totaled $270 million and $316 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, which reduced our exposure to the 20 largest borrowers to 19% and 20% as of each respective date. No loans have been put to Farmer Mac for purchase pursuant to this agreement.

Geographic Concentration

Although our organizational structure and mission results in single-industry concentration, we serve a geographically diverse group of electric and telecommunications borrowers throughout the U.S. The consolidated number of borrowers with loans outstanding totaled 880 and 883 as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, located in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Of the 880 and 883 borrowers with loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, 51 and 49 were electric power supply borrowers as of each respective date. Electric power supply borrowers generally require significantly more capital than electric distribution and telecommunications borrowers.

Texas accounted for the largest number of borrowers with loans outstanding in any one state as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, as well as the largest concentration of loan exposure in any one state. Table 14 presents the Texas-based number of borrowers and loans outstanding by legal entity and member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 14: Loans—Loan Exposure to Texas-Based Borrowers


	February 28, 2023					May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Borrowers	Amount		% of Total		Number of Borrowers	Amount		% of Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	57	$	4,284,930	13	%	57	$	3,984,887	13	%
Power supply	8	1,128,456		4		8	1,089,896		4
Statewide and associate	1	38,428		—		1	29,335		—
Total CFC	66	5,451,814		17		66	5,104,118		17
NCSC	1	16,400		—		1	378		—

RTFC	2	12,313		—		1	5,853		—
Total loan exposure to Texas-based borrowers	69	5,480,527		17		68	5,110,349		17
Less: Loans covered under Farmer Mac standby purchase commitment		(157,098)		(1)			(163,369)		(1)
Net loan exposure to Texas-based borrowers		$	5,323,429	16	%		$	4,946,980	16	%

Credit Quality Indicators

Assessing the overall credit quality of our loan portfolio and measuring our credit risk is an ongoing process that involves tracking payment status, troubled debt restructurings, nonperforming loans, charge-offs, the internal risk ratings of our borrowers and other indicators of credit risk. We monitor and subject each borrower and loan facility in our loan portfolio to an individual risk assessment based on quantitative and qualitative factors. Payment status trends and internal risk ratings are indicators, among others, of the probability of borrower default and overall credit quality of our loan portfolio. We believe the overall credit quality of our loan portfolio remained strong as of February 28, 2023.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

We actively monitor problem loans and, from time to time, attempt to work with borrowers to manage such exposures through loan workouts or modifications that better align with the borrower’s current ability to pay. A loan restructuring or modification of terms is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, a concession is granted to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider.

We had TDR loans outstanding to three borrowers, a CFC electric distribution borrower, Brazos and a RTFC telecommunications borrower, which together totaled $31 million as of February 28, 2023. In comparison, we had TDR loans outstanding to two borrowers, a CFC electric distribution borrower and a RTFC telecommunications borrower, which together totaled $9 million as of May 31, 2022. TDR loans outstanding represented 0.10% and 0.03% of total loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Two borrowers had TDR loans totaling $8 million and $9 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, that were classified as performing and on accrual status as of each respective date, as these loans have been performing in accordance with the terms of their respective restructured loan agreement for an extended period of time since their modification dates.

We had TDR loans to Brazos totaling $23 million as of February 28, 2023, which were classified as nonperforming TDR loans during the current quarter, and were on non-accrual status as of February 28, 2023. Brazos, a CFC Texas-based electric power supply borrower, filed for bankruptcy in March 2021 due to its exposure to elevated wholesale electric power costs during the February 2021 polar vortex. On November 14, 2022, Brazos’ plan of reorganization was confirmed by the bankruptcy court and it became effective on December 15, 2022. Due to Brazos experiencing financial difficulty and the principal loan concession provided to Brazos by the bankruptcy court as part of its approval of Brazos’ plan of reorganization, which was effective on December 15, 2022, the remaining Brazos loans outstanding were moved from nonperforming loans and classified as nonperforming TDR loans during the current quarter. We did not have any TDR loan classified as nonperforming as of May 31, 2022. Prior to the Brazos loan restructuring, we have not had any loan modifications that were required to be accounted for as TDRs since fiscal year 2016.

We provide additional information on TDR loans under “Note 4—Loans—Credit Quality Indicators—Troubled Debt Restructurings.”

Nonperforming Loans

In addition to TDR loans that may be classified as nonperforming, we also may have nonperforming loans that have not been modified as a TDR. We classify such loans as nonperforming at the earlier of the date when we determine: (i) interest or principal payments on the loan is past due 90 days or more; (ii) as a result of court proceedings, the collection of interest or principal payments based on the original contractual terms is not expected; or (iii) the full and timely collection of interest or principal is otherwise uncertain. Once a loan is classified as nonperforming, we generally place the loan on nonaccrual status. Interest accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against earnings.

We had loans to two CFC electric power supply borrowers totaling $108 million classified as nonperforming as of February 28, 2023. In comparison, we had loans to three CFC electric power supply borrowers totaling $228 million classified as nonperforming as of May 31, 2022. Nonperforming loans represented 0.33% and 0.76% of total loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The reduction in nonperforming loans of $120 million during the nine months ended February 28, 2023 was due to the receipt of loan principal payments, the partial charge-offs related to the Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans, and the classification of Brazos nonperforming loans to TDR loans during the current quarter, as discussed above. Brazos’ loans outstanding accounted for $86 million of our total nonperforming loans as of May 31, 2022 and was delinquent and on nonaccrual as of this date.

Brazos Sandy Creek, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Brazos and a CFC Texas-based electric power supply borrower, filed for bankruptcy in March 2022 following the filing of a motion by Brazos to reject its power purchase agreement with Brazos Sandy Creek as part of Brazos’ bankruptcy proceedings. Brazos Sandy Creek’s loan outstanding accounted for $4 million

and $28 million of our total nonperforming loans as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and was delinquent and on nonaccrual as of each date. The loan is secured by Brazos Sandy Creek’s 25% tenant-in-common (“TIC”) ownership interest in the Brazos Sandy Creek Energy Station (“the Plant”), and its rights under a power purchase agreement (“PPA”) with Brazos for the output of the Brazos Sandy Creek Energy Station attributable to the TIC interest. On December 20, 2022, the Brazos Sandy Creek’s 25% TIC ownership interest in the Plant was sold for a credit bid of $105 million to Riesel HoldCo, LLC (“HoldCo,”) an entity formed by the Brazos Sandy Creek noteholders. CFC was allocated ownership shares in HoldCo based on its 7.41% share in the $105 million credit bid, which totaled $8 million that was recorded as an investment in HoldCo during the current quarter in the other assets line of our consolidated balance sheets and reduced the Brazos Sandy Creek loan balance by the same amount. HoldCo intends to manage its ownership interest in the Plant directly and potentially sell it at a future date; however, HoldCo has no current timeline for its disposition.

We provide additional information on nonperforming loans in “Note 4—Loans—Credit Quality Indicators—Nonperforming Loans.”

Net Charge-Offs

We had no charge-offs during the three months ended February 28, 2023. We experienced charge-offs totaling $15 million for the CFC electric power supply loan portfolio related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans during the nine months ended February 28, 2023, which resulted in an annualized net charge-off rate of 0.06% for the nine months ended February 28, 2023. In comparison we had no loan charge-offs during the same prior-year periods. Prior to Brazos’ and Brazos Sandy Creek’s bankruptcy filings, we had not experienced any defaults or charge-offs in our electric utility and telecommunications loan portfolios since fiscal year 2013 and 2017, respectively.

Borrower Risk Ratings

As part of our management of credit risk, we maintain a credit risk rating framework under which we employ a consistent process for assessing the credit quality of our loan portfolio. We evaluate each borrower and loan facility in our loan portfolio and assign internal borrower and loan facility risk ratings based on consideration of a number of quantitative and qualitative factors. We categorize loans in our portfolio based on our internally assigned borrower risk ratings, which are intended to assess the general creditworthiness of the borrower and probability of default. Our borrower risk ratings align with the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies’ credit risk definitions of pass and criticized categories, with the criticized

category further segmented among special mention, substandard and doubtful. Pass ratings reflect relatively low probability of default, while criticized ratings have a higher probability of default. Our internally assigned borrower risk ratings serve as the primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Because our internal borrower risk ratings provide important information on the probability of default, they are a key input in determining our allowance for credit losses.

Criticized loans totaled $337 million and $494 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and represented approximately 1% and 2% of total loans outstanding as of each respective date. The decrease of $157 million in criticized loans was due to loan payments received from a CFC electric distribution borrower in the special mention loans category and from Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, and the partial charge-offs related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek loans during the nine months ended February 28, 2023. Each of the borrowers with loans outstanding in the criticized category, with the exception of Brazos Sandy Creek was current with regard to all principal and interest amounts due to us as of February 28, 2023. In contrast, each of the borrowers with loans outstanding in the criticized category, with the exception of Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, which filed for bankruptcy in March 2021 and March 2022, respectively, was current with regard to all principal and interest amounts due to us as of May 31, 2022. See “Trouble Debt Restructurings” and “Nonperforming Loans” above for additional information on Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, respectively.

We provide additional information on our borrower risk rating framework in our 2022 Form 10-K under “Item 7. MD&A Credit Risk—Loan Portfolio Credit Risk—Credit Quality Indicators.” See “Note 4—Loans” of this Report for detail, by member class, on loans outstanding in each borrower risk rating category.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We are required to maintain an allowance based on a current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining contractual term of the loans in our portfolio. Our allowance for credit losses consists of a collective allowance and an asset-specific allowance. The collective allowance is established for loans in our portfolio that share similar risk characteristics and are therefore evaluated on a collective, or pool, basis in measuring expected credit losses. The asset-specific allowance is established for loans in our portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans in our portfolio and are therefore evaluated on an individual basis in measuring expected credit losses.

Table 15 presents, by legal entity and member class, loans outstanding and the related allowance for credit losses and allowance coverage ratio as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022 and the allowance components as of each date.

Table 15: Allowance for Credit Losses by Borrower Member Class and Evaluation Methodology


	February 28, 2023					May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Loans Outstanding(1)		Allowance for Credit Losses		Allowance Coverage Ratio (2)	Loans Outstanding (1)		Allowance for Credit Losses		Allowance Coverage Ratio(2)
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	25,424,628	$	16,654	0.07%	$	23,844,242	$	15,781	0.07%
Power supply	5,318,565		34,355		0.65	4,901,770		47,793		0.98
Statewide and associate	155,878		1,257		0.81	126,863		1,251		0.99
Total CFC	30,899,071		52,266		0.17	28,872,875		64,825		0.22
NCSC	988,371		2,627		0.27	710,878		1,449		0.20
RTFC	481,789		1,404		0.29	467,601		1,286		0.28
Total	$	32,369,231	$	56,297	0.17	$	30,051,354	$	67,560	0.22

Allowance components:
Collective allowance	$	32,229,833	$	29,858	0.09%	$	29,814,380	$	28,876	0.10%
Asset-specific allowance	139,398		26,439		18.97	236,974		38,684		16.32
Total allowance for credit losses	$	32,369,231	$	56,297	0.17	$	30,051,354	$	67,560	0.22

Allowance coverage ratios:
Nonperforming and nonaccrual loans (3)	$	131,043			42.96%	227,790				29.66%

___________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance, net of discounts, charge-offs and recoveries, of loans as of each period end. Excludes unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $13 million and $12 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

(2)Calculated based on the allowance for credit losses attributable to each member class and allowance components at period end divided by the related loans outstanding at period end.

(3)Calculated based on the total allowance for credit losses at period end divided by loans outstanding classified as nonperforming and on nonaccrual status at period end.

Our allowance for credit losses and allowance coverage ratio decreased to $56 million and 0.17%, respectively, as of February 28, 2023, from $68 million and 0.22%, respectively, as of May 31, 2022. The $12 million decrease in the allowance for credit losses reflected a reduction in the asset-specific allowance of $13 million, partially offset by an increase in the collective allowance of $1 million. The asset-specific allowance decrease was attributable primarily to charge-offs totaling $15 million related to the Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans, partially offset by an increase in the asset-specific allowance for a nonperforming CFC power supply loan, due to a reduction and timing change in the expected payments on this loan. The collective allowance increase was primarily due to the loan portfolio growth.

We discuss our methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses under the CECL model in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Allowance for Credit Losses” and provide information on the management judgment and uncertainties involved in our determining the allowance for credit losses in “MD&A—Critical Accounting Estimates—Allowance for Credit Losses” in our 2022 Form 10-K. We provide additional information on our loans and allowance for credit losses under “Note 4—Loans” and “Note 5—Allowance for Credit Losses” of this Report.

Counterparty Credit Risk

In addition to credit exposure from our borrowers, we enter into other types of financial transactions in the ordinary course of business that expose us to counterparty credit risk, primarily related to transactions involving our cash and cash equivalents, securities held in our investment securities portfolio and derivatives. We mitigate our risk by only entering into these transactions with counterparties with investment-grade ratings, establishing operational guidelines and counterparty exposure limits and monitoring our counterparty credit risk position. We evaluate our counterparties based on certain quantitative and qualitative factors and periodically assign internal risk rating grades to our counterparties.

Cash and Investments Securities Counterparty Credit Exposure

Our cash and cash equivalents and investment securities totaled $173 million and $587 million, respectively, as of February 28, 2023. The primary credit exposure associated with investments held in our other investments portfolio is that issuers will not repay principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms. Our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions generally have an original maturity of less than one year and pursuant to our investment policy guidelines, all fixed-income debt securities, at the time of purchase, must be rated at least investment grade based on external credit ratings from at least two of the leading global credit rating agencies, when available, or the corresponding equivalent, when not available. We therefore believe that the risk of default by these counterparties is low.

We provide additional information on the holdings in our investment securities portfolio below under “Liquidity Risk—Investment Securities Portfolio” and in “Note 3—Investment Securities.”

Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure

Our derivative counterparty credit exposure relates principally to interest-rate swap contracts. We generally engage in over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions, which expose us to individual counterparty credit risk because these transactions are executed and settled directly between us and each counterparty. We are exposed to the risk that an individual derivative counterparty defaults on payments due to us, which we may not be able to collect or which may require us to seek a replacement derivative from a different counterparty. This replacement may be at a higher cost, or we may be unable to find a suitable replacement.

We manage our derivative counterparty credit exposure by executing derivative transactions with financial institutions that have investment-grade credit ratings and maintaining enforceable master netting arrangements with these counterparties, which allow us to net derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty. We had 12 active derivative counterparties with credit ratings ranging from Aa1 to Baa1 by Moody’s as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and from AA- to A- by S&P as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The total outstanding notional amount of derivatives with these counterparties was $7,451 million and $8,062 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The highest single derivative counterparty concentration, by outstanding notional amount, accounted for approximately 25% and 24% of the total outstanding notional amount of our derivatives as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

While our derivative agreements include netting provisions that allow for offsetting of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event of default by one of the two parties, we report the fair value of our derivatives on a gross basis by individual contract as either a derivative asset or derivative liability on our consolidated balance sheets. However, we estimate our exposure to credit loss on our derivatives by calculating the replacement cost to settle at current market prices, as defined in our derivative agreements, all outstanding derivatives in a net gain position at the counterparty level where a right of legal offset exists. We provide information on the impact of netting provisions under our master swap agreements and collateral pledged, if any, in “Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Balance Sheets.” We believe our exposure to derivative counterparty risk, at any point in time, is equal to the amount of our outstanding derivatives in a net gain position, at the individual counterparty level, which totaled $426 million and $119 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

We provide additional detail on our derivative agreements, including a discussion of derivative contracts with credit rating triggers and settlement amounts that would be required in the event of a ratings trigger, in “Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”

See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2022 Form 10-K and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Report for additional information about credit risks related to our business.


LIQUIDITY RISK

We define liquidity as the ability to convert assets into cash quickly and efficiently, maintain access to available funding and roll-over or issue new debt under normal operating conditions and periods of CFC-specific and/or market stress, to ensure that we can meet borrower loan requests, pay current and future obligations and fund our operations in a cost-effective manner. We provide additional information on our liquidity risk-management framework under “Item 7. MD&A—Liquidity Risk—Liquidity Risk Management” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

In addition to cash on hand, our primary sources of funds include member loan principal repayments, securities held in our investment portfolio, committed bank revolving lines of credit, committed loan facilities under Guaranteed Underwriter Program, revolving note purchase agreements with Farmer Mac and proceeds from debt issuances to members and in the public capital markets. Our primary uses of funds include loan advances to members, principal and interest payments on borrowings, periodic interest settlement payments related to our derivative contracts and operating expenses.

Available Liquidity

As part of our strategy in managing liquidity risk and meeting our liquidity objectives, we seek to maintain various committed sources of funding that are available to meet our near-term liquidity needs. Table 16 presents a comparison between our available liquidity, which consists of cash and cash equivalents, our debt securities investment portfolio and amounts under committed credit facilities, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 16: Available Liquidity


	February 28, 2023						May 31, 2022
(Dollars in millions)	Total		Accessed		Available		Total		Accessed		Available
Liquidity sources:
Cash and investment debt securities:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	173	$	—	$	173	$	154	$	—	$	154
Debt securities investment portfolio(1)	549		—		549		566		—		566
Total cash and investment debt securities	722		—		722		720		—		720
Committed credit facilities:
Committed bank revolving line of credit agreements—unsecured(2)	2,600		7		2,593		2,600		3		2,597
Guaranteed Underwriter Program committed facilities—secured(3)	9,473		8,448		1,025		8,723		7,648		1,075
Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement—secured(4)	6,000		3,524		2,476		5,500		3,095		2,405
Total committed credit facilities	18,073		11,979		6,094		16,823		10,746		6,077
Total available liquidity	$	18,795	$	11,979	$	6,816	$	17,543	$	10,746	$	6,797

____________________________

(1)Represents the aggregate fair value of our portfolio of debt securities as of period end. Our portfolio of equity securities consists primarily of preferred stock securities that are not as readily redeemable; therefore, we exclude our portfolio of equity securities from our available liquidity.

(2)The committed bank revolving line of credit agreements consist of a three-year and a four-year revolving line of credit agreement. The accessed amount of $7 million and $3 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, relates to letters of credit issued pursuant to the four-year revolving line of credit agreement.

(3)The committed facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program are not revolving.

(4)Availability subject to market conditions.

Although as a non-bank financial institution we are not subject to regulatory liquidity requirements, our liquidity management framework includes monitoring our liquidity and funding positions on an ongoing basis and assessing our ability to meet our scheduled debt obligations and other cash flow requirements based on point-in-time metrics as well as forward-looking projections. Our liquidity and funding assessment takes into consideration amounts available under existing liquidity sources, the expected rollover of member short-term investments and scheduled loan principal payment amounts, as well as our continued ability to access the capital markets and other non-capital market related funding sources.

Liquidity Risk Assessment

We utilize several measures to assess our liquidity risk and ensure we have adequate coverage to meet our liquidity needs. Our primary liquidity measures indicate the extent to which we have sufficient liquidity to cover the payment of scheduled debt obligations over the next 12 months. We calculate our liquidity coverage ratios under several scenarios that take into consideration various assumptions about our near-term sources and uses of liquidity, including the assumption that maturities of member short-term investments will not have a significant impact on our anticipated cash outflows. Our members have historically maintained a relatively stable level of short-term investments in CFC in the form of daily liquidity fund notes, commercial paper, select notes and medium-term notes. As such, we expect that our members will continue to reinvest their excess cash in short-term investment products offered by CFC.

Table 17 presents our primary liquidity coverage ratios as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022 and displays the calculation of each ratio as of these respective dates based on the assumptions discussed above.

Table 17: Liquidity Coverage Ratios


(Dollars in millions)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Liquidity coverage ratio:(1)
Total available liquidity(2)	$	6,816	$	6,797
Debt scheduled to mature over next 12 months:
Short-term borrowings	4,900		4,981
Long-term and subordinated debt scheduled to mature over next 12 months	2,255		1,913
Total debt scheduled to mature over next 12 months	7,155		6,894
Excess (deficit) in available liquidity over debt scheduled to mature over next 12 months	$	(339)	$	(97)

Liquidity coverage ratio	0.95		0.99

Liquidity coverage ratio, excluding expected maturities of member short-term investments(3)
Total available liquidity(2)	$	6,816	$	6,797
Total debt scheduled to mature over next 12 months	7,155		6,894
Exclude: Member short-term investments	(3,186)		(3,956)
Total debt, excluding member short-term investments, scheduled to mature over next 12 months	3,969		2,938
Excess in available liquidity over total debt, excluding member short-term investments, scheduled to mature over next 12 months	$	2,847	$	3,859

Liquidity coverage ratio, excluding expected maturities of member short-term investments	1.72		2.31

___________________________

(1)Calculated based on available liquidity at period end divided by total debt scheduled to mature over the next 12 months at period end.

(2)Total available liquidity is presented above in Table 16.

(3)Calculated based on available liquidity at period end divided by debt, excluding member short-term investments, scheduled to mature over the next 12 months.

Investment Securities Portfolio

We have an investment portfolio of debt securities classified as trading and equity securities, both of which are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The aggregate fair value of the securities in our investment portfolio was $587 million as of February 28, 2023, consisting of debt securities with a fair value of $549 million and equity securities with a fair value of $38 million. In comparison, the aggregate fair value of the securities in our investment portfolio was $600 million as of May 31, 2022, consisting of debt securities with a fair value of $566 million and equity securities with a fair value of $34 million. Subsequent to the quarter ended February 28, 2023, we sold debt securities at fair value totaling $36 million and realized gains on the sale of these securities of $1 million.

Our debt securities investment portfolio is intended to serve as an additional source of liquidity. Under master repurchase agreements that we have with counterparties, we can obtain short-term funding by selling investment-grade corporate debt securities from our investment portfolio subject to an obligation to repurchase the same or similar securities at an agreed-upon price and date. Because we retain effective control over the transferred securities, transactions under these repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing agreements (i.e., secured borrowings) and not as a sale and subsequent repurchase of securities. The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a component of our short-term borrowings on our consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate fair value of debt securities underlying repurchase transactions is parenthetically disclosed on our consolidated balance sheets. We had no borrowings under repurchase agreements outstanding as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022; therefore, we had no debt securities pledged as collateral as of each respective date.

We provide additional information on our investment securities portfolio in “Note 3—Investment Securities” of this Report.

Borrowing Capacity Under Various Credit Facilities

The aggregate borrowing capacity under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, committed loan facilities under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac totaled $18,073 million and $16,823 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and the aggregate amount available for access totaled $6,094 million and $6,077 million as of each respective date. The following is a discussion of our borrowing capacity and key terms and conditions under each of these credit facilities.

Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements—Unsecured

Our committed bank revolving lines of credit may be used for general corporate purposes; however, we generally rely on them as a backup source of liquidity for our member and dealer commercial paper. On October 20, 2022, we amended the three-year and four-year committed bank revolving line of credit agreements to extend the maturity dates to November 28, 2025 and November 28, 2026, respectively, and to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR. The total commitment amount under the three-year facility and the four-year facility is $1,245 million and $1,355 million, respectively, resulting in a combined total commitment amount under the two facilities of $2,600 million. Under our current committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, we have the ability to request up to $300 million of letters of credit, which would result in a reduction in the remaining available amount under the facilities.

Table 18 presents the total commitment amount under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, outstanding letters of credit and the amount available for access as of February 28, 2023.

Table 18: Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements


	February 28, 2023
(Dollars in millions)	Total Commitment		Letters of Credit Outstanding		Amount Available for Access		Maturity	Annual Facility Fee (1)
Bank revolving line of credit term:
3-year agreement	$	1,245	$	—	$	1,245	November 28, 2025	7.5 bps
4-year agreement	1,355		7		1,348		November 28, 2026	10.0 bps
Total	$	2,600	$	7	$	2,593

____________________________

(1)Facility fee based on CFC’s senior unsecured credit ratings in accordance with the established pricing schedules at the inception of the related agreement.

We did not have any outstanding borrowings under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements as of February 28, 2023; however, we had letters of credit outstanding of $7 million under the four-year committed bank revolving agreement as of this date.

Although our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements do not contain a material adverse change clause or rating triggers that would limit the banks’ obligations to provide funding under the terms of the agreements, we must be in compliance with the covenants to draw on the facilities. We have been and expect to continue to be in compliance with the

covenants under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements. As such, we could draw on these facilities to repay dealer or member commercial paper that cannot be rolled over.

Guaranteed Underwriter Program Committed Facilities—Secured

Under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program, we can borrow from the Federal Financing Bank and use the proceeds to extend new loans to our members and refinance existing member debt. As part of the program, we pay fees, based on our outstanding borrowings, that are intended to help fund the USDA Rural Economic Development Loan and Grant program and thereby support additional investment in rural economic development projects. The borrowings under this program are guaranteed by RUS. Each advance is subject to quarterly amortization and a final maturity not longer than 30 years from the date of the advance.

On December 15, 2022, we closed on a $750 million committed loan facility (“Series T”) from the Federal Financing Bank under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program. Pursuant to this facility, we may borrow any time before July 15, 2027. Each advance is subject to quarterly amortization and a final maturity not longer than 30 years from the date of the advance.

As displayed in Table 16, we had accessed $8,448 million under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and up to $1,025 million was available for borrowing as of February 28, 2023. Of the $1,025 million available borrowing amount, $275 million is available for advance through July 15, 2026 and $750 million is available for advance through July 15, 2027. We are required to pledge eligible distribution system loans or power supply system loans as collateral in an amount at least equal to our total outstanding borrowings under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program committed loan facilities, which totaled $6,771 million as of February 28, 2023.

Farmer Mac Revolving Note Purchase Agreement—Secured

Under this agreement, we had outstanding secured notes payable totaling $3,524 million and $3,095 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. We borrowed $500 million in short-term notes payable and $400 million in long-term notes payable under this note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac during the current year-to-date period. As displayed in Table 16, the amount available for borrowing under this agreement was $2,476 million as of February 28, 2023. We are required to pledge eligible electric distribution system or electric power supply system loans as collateral in an amount at least equal to the total principal amount of notes outstanding under this agreement.

We provide additional information on pledged collateral below under “Pledged Collateral” in this section and in “Note 3—Investment Securities” and “Note 4—Loans.”

Short-Term Borrowings

Our short-term borrowings, which we rely on to meet our daily, near-term funding needs, consist of commercial paper, which we offer to members and dealers, select notes and daily liquidity fund notes offered to members, medium-term notes offered to members and dealers and funds from repurchase secured borrowing transactions.

Short-term borrowings decreased $81 million to $4,900 million as of February 28, 2023, from $4,981 million as of May 31, 2022, and accounted for 16% and 17% of total debt outstanding as of each respective period. The decrease in short-term borrowings was primarily driven by a decrease in short-term member investments, partially offset by increases in outstanding dealer commercial paper and short-term notes payable advanced under the Farmer Mac revolving note purchase agreement.

Member investments have historically been our primary source of short-term borrowings. Table 19 displays the composition, by funding source, of our short-term borrowings as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. As indicated in Table 19, members’ investments represented 65% and 79% of our outstanding short-term borrowings as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Table 19: Short-Term Borrowings—Funding Sources


	February 28, 2023				May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount Outstanding		% of Total Short-Term Borrowings		Amount Outstanding		% of Total Short-Term Borrowings
Funding source:
Members	$	3,185,978	65	%	$	3,956,354	79	%
Farmer Mac notes payable	500,000		10		—		—
Capital markets	1,213,653		25		1,024,813		21
Total	$	4,899,631	100	%	$	4,981,167	100	%

Our intent is to manage our short-term wholesale funding risk by maintaining dealer commercial paper outstanding at each quarter-end within a range of $1,000 million and $1,500 million, although the intra-period amount of dealer commercial paper outstanding may fluctuate based on our liquidity requirements. Dealer commercial paper outstanding of $1,214 million and $1,025 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, was within our quarter-end target range of $1,000 million and $1,500 million.

See “Note 6—Short-Term Borrowing” for additional information on our short-term borrowings.

Long-Term and Subordinated Debt

Long-term and subordinated debt, which represents the most significant source of our funding, totaled $26,042 million and $23,766 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and accounted for 84% and 83% of total debt outstanding as of each respective date. The increase in long-term and subordinated debt was primarily due to a net increase of $910 million in dealer medium term notes, $725 million in collateral trust bonds and $666 million in notes payable under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program to fund loan portfolio growth during the current year-to-date period. Subsequent to the quarter ended February 28, 2023, we borrowed $150 million in long-term notes payable under the Farmer Mac note purchase agreement.

The issuance of long-term debt allows us to reduce our reliance on short-term borrowings and effectively manage our refinancing and interest rate risk, due in part to the multi-year contractual maturity structure of long-term debt. In addition to access to private debt facilities, we also issue debt in the public capital markets. Pursuant to Rule 405 of the Securities Act, we are classified as a “well-known seasoned issuer.” Under our effective shelf registration statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we may offer and issue the following debt securities:

•an unlimited amount of collateral trust bonds and senior and subordinated debt securities, including medium-term notes, member capital securities and subordinated deferrable debt, until October 2023; and

•daily liquidity fund notes up to $20,000 million in the aggregate—with a $3,000 million limit on the aggregate principal amount outstanding at any time—until March 2025.

Although we register member capital securities and the daily liquidity fund notes with the SEC, these securities are not available for sale to the general public. Medium-term notes are available for sale to both the general public and members. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we have contractual limitations with respect to the amount of senior indebtedness we may incur.

Long-Term Debt and Subordinated Debt—Issuances and Repayments

Table 20 summarizes long-term and subordinated debt issuances and repayments during the nine months ended February 28, 2023.

Table 20: Long-Term and Subordinated Debt— Issuances and Repayments


	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Issuances		Repayments(1)
Debt product type:
Collateral trust bonds	$	1,050,000	$	355,000

Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	800,000		134,349
Farmer Mac notes payable	400,000		470,938
Medium-term notes sold to members	100,907		39,827
Medium-term notes sold to dealers	1,708,085		798,225
Other notes payable	—		3,565
Members’ subordinated certificates	6,127		4,315
Total	$	4,065,119	$	1,806,219

____________________________

(1) Repayments include principal maturities, scheduled amortization payments, repurchases and redemptions.

Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Principal Maturity and Amortization

Table 21 summarizes scheduled principal maturity and amortization of our long-term debt, subordinated deferrable debt and members’ subordinated certificates outstanding of as of February 28, 2023, in each fiscal year during the five-year period ending May 31, 2027, and thereafter.

Table 21: Long-Term and Subordinated Debt—Scheduled Principal Maturities and Amortization(1)


(Dollars in thousands)	Scheduled Amortization(2)		% of Total
Fiscal year ending May 31:
2023	$	112,554	—	%
2024	2,235,236		8
2025	2,276,183		9
2026	3,585,232		14
2027	1,639,656		6
Thereafter	16,448,078		63
Total	$	26,296,939	100	%

____________________________

(1) Amounts presented are based on the face amount of debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023, and therefore does not include related debt issuance costs and discounts.

(2) Member loan subordinated certificates totaling $159 million amortize annually based on the unpaid principal balance of the related loan.

We provide additional information on our financing activities above under “Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis—Debt” and in “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” and “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt.”

Pledged Collateral

Under our secured borrowing agreements we are required to pledge loans, investment debt securities or other collateral and maintain certain pledged collateral ratios. Of our total debt outstanding of $30,942 million as of February 28, 2023, $17,870 million, or 58%, was secured by pledged loans totaling $20,799 million. In comparison, of our total debt outstanding of $28,747 million as of May 31, 2022, $16,051 million, or 56%, was secured by pledged loans totaling $19,062 million. Following is additional information on the collateral pledging requirements for our secured borrowing agreements.

Secured Borrowing Agreements—Pledged Loan Requirements

We are required to pledge loans or other collateral in transactions under our collateral trust bond indentures, bond agreements under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program and note purchase agreements with Farmer Mac. Total debt outstanding is presented on our consolidated balance sheets net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs. Our collateral pledging requirements are based, however, on the face amount of secured outstanding debt, which excludes net unamortized discounts and issuance costs. However, as discussed below, we typically maintain pledged collateral in excess of the required percentage. Under the provisions of our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements, the excess collateral that we are allowed to pledge cannot exceed 150% of the outstanding borrowings under our collateral trust bond indentures, the Guaranteed Underwriter Program or the Farmer Mac note purchase agreements.

Table 22 displays the collateral coverage ratios pursuant to these secured borrowing agreements as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 22: Collateral Pledged


	Requirement Coverage Ratios
		Maximum Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements	Actual Coverage Ratios(1)
	Minimum Debt Indentures		February 28, 2023	May 31, 2022
Secured borrowing agreement type:
Collateral trust bonds 1994 indenture	100%	150%	118%	118%
Collateral trust bonds 2007 indenture	100	150	115	123
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	100	150	110	113
Farmer Mac notes payable	100	150	124	111
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds Series 2009A(2)	100	150	110	128

___________________________

(1) Calculated based on the amount of collateral pledged divided by the face amount of outstanding secured debt.

(2) Collateral includes cash pledged.

Table 23 displays the unpaid principal balance of loans pledged for secured debt, the excess collateral pledged and unencumbered loans as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 23: Loans—Unencumbered Loans


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Total loans outstanding(1)	$	32,369,231	$	30,051,354
Less: Loans required pledged under secured debt agreements(2)	(18,088,676)		(16,300,618)
Loans pledged in excess of required amount(2)(3)	(2,710,483)		(2,761,335)
Total pledged loans	(20,799,159)		(19,061,953)
Unencumbered loans	$	11,570,072	$	10,989,401

Unencumbered loans as a percentage of total loans outstanding

36%

37%

____________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance of loans as of the end of each period. Excludes unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $13 million and $12 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

(2) Reflects unpaid principal balance of pledged loans.

(3) Excludes cash collateral pledged to secure debt. If there is an event of default under most of our indentures, we can only withdraw the excess collateral if we substitute cash or permitted investments of equal value.

As displayed above in Table 23, we had excess loans pledged as collateral totaling $2,710 million and $2,761 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. We typically pledge loans in excess of the required amount for the following reasons: (i) our distribution and power supply loans are typically amortizing loans that require scheduled principal payments over the life of the loan, whereas the debt securities issued under secured indentures and agreements typically

have bullet maturities; (ii) distribution and power supply borrowers have the option to prepay their loans; and (iii) individual loans may become ineligible for various reasons, some of which may be temporary.

We provide additional information on our borrowings, including the maturity profile, below in the “Liquidity Risk” section and additional information on pledged loans in “Note 4—Loans” of this Report. For additional detail on each of our debt product types, refer to “Note 5—Short-Term Borrowings,” “Note 7—Long-Term Debt,” “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt” and “Note 9—Members’ Subordinated Certificates” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we engage in financial transactions that are not presented on our consolidated balance sheets, or may be recorded on our consolidated balance sheets in amounts that are different from the full contract or notional amount of the transaction. Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist primarily of unadvanced loan commitments intended to meet the financial needs of our members and guarantees of member obligations, which may affect our liquidity and funding requirements based on the likelihood that borrowers will advance funds under the loan commitments or we will be required to perform under the guarantee obligations. We provide information on our unadvanced loan commitments in “Note 4—Loans” and information on our guarantee obligations in “Note 11—Guarantees.”

Projected Near-Term Sources and Uses of Funds

Table 24 below displays a projection of our primary long-term sources and uses of funds, by quarter, over each of the next six fiscal quarters through the quarter ending August 31, 2024. Our projection is based on the following, which includes several assumptions: (i) the estimated issuance of long-term debt, including capital markets and other non-capital market term debt, is based on our market-risk management goal of minimizing the mismatch between the cash flows from our financial assets and our financial liabilities; (ii) long-term loan scheduled amortization repayment amounts represent scheduled loan principal payments for long-term loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023, estimated loan principal payments for long-term loan advances, plus estimated prepayment amounts on long-term loans; (iii) long-term and subordinated debt maturities consist of both scheduled principal maturity and amortization amounts and projected principal maturity and amortization amounts on term debt outstanding in each period presented; and (iv) long-term loan advances are based on our current projection of member demand for loans. In addition, amounts available under our committed bank revolving lines of credit, net increases in dealer commercial paper and short-term member investments are intended to serve as a backup source of liquidity.

Table 24: Liquidity—Projected Long-Term Sources and Uses of Funds(1)


	Projected Long-Term Sources of Funds				Projected Long-Term Uses of Funds
(Dollars in millions)	Long-Term Debt Issuance		Anticipated Long-Term Loan Repayments(2)		Total Projected Long-Term Sources of Funds		Long-Term and Subordinated Debt Maturities(3)		Long-Term Loan Advances		Total Projected Long-Term Uses of Funds

4Q FY2023	$	684	$	374	$	1,058	$	151	$	865	$	1,016
1Q FY2024	617		374		991		633		728		1,361
2Q FY2024	709		361		1,070		697		616		1,313
3Q FY2024	1,456		385		1,841		1,141		663		1,804
4Q FY2024	395		374		769		396		632		1,028
1Q FY2025	—		383		383		103		633		736
Total	$	3,861	$	2,251	$	6,112	$	3,121	$	4,137	$	7,258

____________________________

(1) The dates presented represent the end of each quarterly period through the quarter ended August 31, 2024.

(2) Anticipated long-term loan repayments include scheduled long-term loan amortizations and anticipated cash repayments at repricing date.

(3) Long-term debt maturities also include medium-term notes with an original maturity of one year or less and expected early redemptions of debt.

As displayed in Table 24, we currently project long-term advances of $2,872 million over the next 12 months, which we project will exceed anticipated long-term loan repayments over the same period of $1,494 million, resulting in net loan growth of approximately $1,378 million over the next 12 months.

The estimates presented above are developed at a particular point in time based on our expected future business growth and funding. Our actual results and future estimates may vary, perhaps significantly, from the current projections, as a result of changes in market conditions, management actions or other factors.

Credit Ratings

Our funding and liquidity, borrowing capacity, ability to access capital markets and other sources of funds and the cost of these funds are partially dependent on our credit ratings.

During the current quarter, Moody’s, S&P and Fitch affirmed CFC’s credit ratings and stable outlook. Table 25 displays our credit ratings as of February 28, 2023, which remain unchanged as of the date of this Report.

Table 25: Credit Ratings

February 28, 2023

Moody’s

S&P

Fitch

CFC ratings and outlook:

Long-term issuer credit rating(1)

A-

Senior secured debt(2)

A-

A+

Senior unsecured debt(3)

A-

Subordinated debt

BBB

BBB+

Commercial paper

P-1

A-2

Outlook

Stable

Ratings and outlook confirmation date

February 16, 2023

December 7, 2022

February 6, 2023

___________________________

(1) Based on our senior unsecured debt rating.

(2)Applies to our collateral trust bonds.

(3)Applies to our medium-term notes.

See “Credit Risk—Counterparty Credit Risk—Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features” above for information on credit rating provisions related to our derivative contracts.

Financial Ratios

Our debt-to-equity ratio decreased to 12.06 as of February 28, 2023, from 13.59 as of May 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in equity from our reported net income of $515 million for the current year-to-date period, which was partially offset by a decrease in equity attributable to the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million.

While our goal is to maintain an adjusted debt-to-equity ratio of approximately 6.00-to-1, the adjusted debt-to-equity ratio increased to 6.59 as of February 28, 2023 from 6.24 as of May 31, 2022, and was above our targeted goal, largely due to an increase in adjusted liabilities resulting from additional borrowings to fund growth in our loan portfolio and the CFC Board of Directors’ authorized patronage capital retirement in July 2022 of $59 million, partially offset by our current year-to-date period adjusted net income.

Debt Covenants

As part of our short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements, we are subject to various financial and operational covenants. If we fail to maintain specified financial ratios, such failure could constitute a default by CFC of certain debt covenants under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures. We were in compliance with all covenants and conditions under our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures as of February 28, 2023.

As discussed above in “Summary of Selected Financial Data,” the financial covenants set forth in our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements and senior debt indentures are based on adjusted financial measures, including adjusted TIER. We provide a reconciliation of adjusted TIER and other non-GAAP measures disclosed in this Report to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures below in “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” See “Item 7. MD&A—Non-GAAP Measures” in our 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of each of our non-GAAP measures and an explanation of the adjustments to derive these measures.


MARKET RISK

Interest rate risk represents our primary source of market risk, as interest rate-volatility can have a significant impact on the earnings and overall financial condition of a financial institution. We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily from the differences in the timing between the maturity or repricing of our loans and the liabilities funding our loans. We seek to generate stable adjusted net interest income on a sustained and long-term basis by minimizing the mismatch between the cash flows from our financial assets and our financial liabilities. We use derivatives as a tool in matching the duration and repricing characteristics of our interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities. We provide additional information on our management of interest rate risk in our 2022 Form 10-K under “Item 7. MD&A—Market Risk—Interest Rate Risk Management.”

Below we discuss how we measure interest rate risk. We also provide a status update on actions taken to identify, assess, monitor and mitigate risks associated with the expected discontinuance or unavailability of LIBOR and facilitate an orderly transition from LIBOR as a benchmark interest reference rate to an alternative benchmark rate.

Interest Rate Risk Assessment

Our Asset Liability Management (“ALM”) framework includes the use of analytic tools and capabilities, enabling CFC to generate a comprehensive profile of our interest rate risk exposure. We routinely measure and assess our interest rate risk exposure using various methodologies through the use of ALM models that enable us to more accurately measure and monitor our interest rate risk exposure under multiple interest rate scenarios using several different techniques. Below we present two measures used to assess our interest rate risk exposure: (i) the interest rate sensitivity of projected net interest income and adjusted net interest income; and (ii) duration gap.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

We regularly evaluate the sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and the interest-bearing liabilities funding those assets and our net interest income and adjusted net interest income projections under multiple interest rate scenarios. Each month we update our ALM models to reflect our existing balance sheet position and incorporate different assumptions about forecasted changes in our balance sheet position over the next 12 months. Based on the forecasted balance sheet changes, we generate various projections of net interest income and adjusted net interest income over the next 12 months. Management reviews and assesses these projections and underlying assumptions to identify a baseline scenario of projected net interest income and adjusted net interest income over the next 12 months, which reflects what management considers, at the time, as the most likely scenario. As discussed under “Summary of Selected Financial Data,” we derive adjusted net interest income by adjusting our reported interest expense and net interest income to include the impact of net derivative cash settlements amounts.

Our interest rate sensitivity analyses take into consideration existing interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities as of the reported balance sheet date and forecasted changes to the balance sheet over the next 12 months under management’s baseline projection. As discussed in the “Executive Summary—Outlook” section, we currently anticipate net long-term loan growth of $1,378 million over the next 12 months. The consensus market outlook for interest rates as of March 2023 pointed to a decrease in the short-term interest rates, resulting in a less inverted yield curve. The yield curve inversion is expected to remain until mid-calendar year 2024, however the interest rate market has experienced extreme volatility in March 2023, which is expected to continue. Based on this yield curve forecast, we anticipate a decrease in our reported net interest income and reported net interest yield over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023. However, we expect a modest increase in our adjusted net interest income over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023, due to an anticipated significant reduction in our derivative net periodic cash settlements

expense, which reduce our adjusted cost of borrowings, and loan portfolio growth. Additionally, we anticipate a slight decrease in our adjusted net interest yield over the next 12 months relative to the 12-month period ended February 28, 2023, due to the current yield curve assumptions and our balance sheet position.

Table 26 presents the estimated percentage impact that a hypothetical instantaneous parallel shift of plus or minus 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve, relative to our base case forecast yield curve, would have on our projected baseline 12-month net interest income and adjusted net interest income as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. In instances where the hypothetical instantaneous interest rate shift of minus 100 basis points results in a negative interest rate, we assume an interest rate floor rate of 0%. We also present the estimated percentage impact on our projected baseline 12-month net interest income and adjusted net interest income assuming a hypothetical inverted yield curve under which shorter-term interest rates increase by an instantaneous 75 basis points and longer-term interest rates decrease by an instantaneous 75 basis points.

Table 26: Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis


	February 28, 2023						May 31, 2022
Estimated Impact(1)	+ 100 Basis Points		– 100 Basis Points		Inverted		+ 100 Basis Points		– 100 Basis Points		Inverted
Net interest income	(4.28)	%	4.04	%	(4.94)	%	(9.76)	%	9.68	%	(14.25)	%
Derivative cash settlements	11.02	%	(10.98)	%	8.58	%	10.49	%	(10.49)	%	7.95	%
Adjusted net interest income(2)	6.75	%	(6.93)	%	3.65	%	0.74	%	(0.81)	%	(6.31)	%

____________________________

(1)The actual impact on our reported and adjusted net interest income may differ significantly from the sensitivity analysis presented.

(2)We include net periodic derivative cash settlement interest expense amounts as a component of interest expense in deriving adjusted net interest income. See the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures presented in this Report to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

The changes in the sensitivity measures between February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022 are primarily attributable to an increase in the amount of variable rate assets being funded with fixed rate debt, changes in the size, and composition of our forecasted balance sheet, as well as changes in current interest rates and forecasted interest rates. As the interest rate sensitivity simulations displayed in Table 26 indicate, we would expect an unfavorable impact on our projected net interest income over a 12-month horizon as of February 28, 2023, under the hypothetical scenarios of an instantaneous parallel shift of plus 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve and a further inverted yield curve. However, we would expect an unfavorable impact on our adjusted net interest income over a 12-month horizon as of February 28, 2023, under the hypothetical scenarios of an instantaneous parallel shift of minus 100 basis points in the interest rate yield curve.

Duration Gap

The duration gap, which represents the difference between the estimated duration of our interest-earning assets and the estimated duration of our interest-bearing liabilities, summarizes the extent to which the cash flows for assets and liabilities are matched over time. We use derivatives in managing the differences in timing between the maturities or repricing of our interest earning assets and the debt funding those assets. A positive duration gap indicates that the duration of our interest-earning assets is greater than the duration of our debt and derivatives, and therefore an increased exposure to rising interest rates over the long term. Conversely, a negative duration gap indicates that the duration of our interest-earning assets is less than the duration of our debt and derivatives, and therefore an increased exposure to declining interest rates over the long term. While the duration gap provides a relatively concise and simple measure of the interest rate risk inherent in our consolidated balance sheet as of the reported date, it does not incorporate projected changes in our consolidated balance sheet.

The duration gap narrowed to negative 0.91 months as of February 28, 2023, from plus 5.29 months as of May 31, 2022 and was within the risk limits and guidelines established by CFC’s Asset Liability Committee as of each respective date. The narrowing of the duration gap is due primarily to the funding of loan advances and the refinancing of maturing debt during the current year-to-date period with longer duration borrowings, combined with an increase in line of credit loans outstanding of $1,136 million, which reduced the duration of interest-earning assets.

Limitations of Interest Rate Risk Measures

While we believe that the interest income sensitivities and duration gap measures provided are useful tools in assessing our interest rate risk exposure, there are inherent limitations in any methodology used to estimate the exposure to changes in market interest rates. These measures should be understood as estimates rather than as precise measurements. The interest rate sensitivity analyses only contemplate certain hypothetical movements in interest rates and are performed at a particular point in time based on the existing balance sheet and, in some cases, expected future business growth and funding mix assumptions. The strategic actions that management may take to manage our balance sheet may differ significantly from our projections, which could cause our actual interest income to differ substantially from the above sensitivity analysis. Moreover, as discussed above, we use various other methodologies to measure and monitor our interest rate risk under multiple interest rate scenarios, which, together, provide a comprehensive profile of our interest rate risk.

LIBOR Transition

In July 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates the LIBOR index, announced that it intended to stop compelling banks to submit the rates required to calculate LIBOR after December 31, 2021. Following this announcement, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York established the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) which is comprised of private-market participants and ex-officio members representing banking and financial sector regulators. The ARRC has recommended SOFR as the alternative reference rate.

In March 2021, the FCA and the Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”) Benchmark Administration, the administrator for LIBOR, concurrently confirmed the intention to stop requiring banks to submit the rates required to calculate LIBOR after December 31, 2021 for one-week and two-month LIBOR and June 30, 2023 for all remaining LIBOR tenors. Pursuant to the announcement, one-week and two-month LIBOR ceased to be published immediately after December 31, 2021, and all remaining USD LIBOR tenors will cease to be published or lose representativeness immediately after June 30, 2023.

We established a cross-functional LIBOR working group that identified CFC’s exposure, assessed the potential risks related to the transition from LIBOR to a new index and developed a strategic transition plan. Our transition effort is focused on two objectives: (i) remediation of our existing LIBOR exposures and (ii) transitioning ongoing activities away from LIBOR. The LIBOR working group has been closely monitoring and assessing developments with respect to the LIBOR transition and providing regular reports to our senior management team and the CFC Board of Directors. We have identified all of CFC’s LIBOR-based contracts and financial instruments, evaluated the impact of the LIBOR transition on our existing systems, models and processes and updated all internal systems to accommodate SOFR as a new index. CFC has made substantial efforts to remediate its LIBOR exposures that have a contractual maturity date after June 30, 2023, including incorporating hardwired fallback language in agreements to transition instruments to SOFR following the cessation of LIBOR or amending agreements to replace LIBOR with a new benchmark index. On October 20, 2022, we amended the three-year and four-year revolving credit agreements to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR. Certain legacy LIBOR instruments are subject to the Adjustable Interest Rate Act of 2021 that was signed into federal law in March 2022.

Table 27 summarizes our outstanding LIBOR-indexed financial instruments as of February 28, 2023 that have a contractual maturity date after June 30, 2023. These financial instruments are included in amounts reported on our consolidated balance sheets.

Table 27: LIBOR-Indexed Financial Instruments


(Dollars in millions)	February 28, 2023
Loans to members, performing	$	382
Investment securities(1)	46
Debt	1,610

____________________________

(1) Amount presented is based on cost of the investment securities. The aggregate fair value of these investment securities was $48 million as of February 28, 2023.

In addition to the financial instruments presented in Table 27, we have outstanding LIBOR-indexed interest rate swaps and unadvanced loan commitments that have a contractual maturity date after June 30, 2023. The aggregate notional amount of

these interest rate swaps was $6,968 million as of February 28, 2023, which represented 94% of the total notional amount of our outstanding interest rate swaps of $7,451 million as of February 28, 2023. The aggregate amount of the unadvanced loan commitments was $1,644 million as of February 28, 2023, which represented 11% of the total unadvanced loan commitments of $14,320 million as of February 28, 2023.

We ceased originating new LIBOR-based loans effective December 31, 2021. We have confirmed CFC’s adherence to the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. 2020 LIBOR Fallbacks Protocol for our derivative instruments.

We discuss the risks related to the uncertainty as to the nature of potential changes and other reforms associated with the transition away from and expected replacement of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2022 Form 10-K.


NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

As discussed above in the section “Summary of Selected Financial Data,” in addition to financial measures determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management evaluates performance based on certain non-GAAP measures, which we refer to as “adjusted” measures. Below we provide a reconciliation of our adjusted measures presented in this Report to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures. See “Item 7. MD&A—Non-GAAP Measures” in our 2022 Form 10-K for a discussion of each of our non-GAAP measures and an explanation of the adjustments to derive these measures.

Net Income and Adjusted Net Income

Table 28 provides a reconciliation of adjusted interest expense, adjusted net interest income, adjusted total revenue and adjusted net income to the comparable U.S. GAAP measures for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022. These adjusted measures are used in the calculation of our adjusted net interest yield and adjusted TIER.

Table 28: Adjusted Net Income


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Adjusted net interest income:
Interest income	$	353,292	$	285,206	$	984,464	$	851,626
Interest expense	(281,709)		(173,654)		(736,621)		(522,027)
Include: Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)(1)	18,634		(26,212)		12,650		(79,727)
Adjusted interest expense	(263,075)		(199,866)		(723,971)		(601,754)
Adjusted net interest income	$	90,217	$	85,340	$	260,493	$	249,872

Adjusted total revenue:
Net interest income	$	71,583	$	111,552	$	247,843	$	329,599
Fee and other income	5,326		4,270		13,548		13,042
Total revenue	76,909		115,822		261,391		342,641
Include: Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)(1)	18,634		(26,212)		12,650		(79,727)
Adjusted total revenue	$	95,543	$	89,610	$	274,041	$	262,914

Adjusted net income:
Net income	$	163,217	$	261,965	$	514,855	$	307,362
Exclude: Derivative forward value gains(2)	83,674		195,492		330,035		122,930
Adjusted net income	$	79,543	$	66,473	$	184,820	$	184,432

____________________________

(1)Represents the net periodic contractual interest expense amount on our interest-rate swaps during the reporting period.

(2)Represents the change in fair value of our interest rate swaps during the reporting period due to changes in expected future interest rates over the remaining life of our derivative contracts.

We primarily fund our loan portfolio through the issuance of debt. However, we use derivatives as economic hedges as part of our strategy to manage the interest rate risk associated with funding our loan portfolio. We therefore consider the interest expense incurred on our derivatives to be part of our funding cost in addition to the interest expense on our debt. As such, we add net periodic derivative cash settlements interest expense amounts to our reported interest expense to derive our adjusted interest expense and adjusted net interest income. We exclude unrealized derivative forward value gains and losses from our adjusted total revenue and adjusted net income.

TIER and Adjusted TIER

Table 29 displays the calculation of our TIER and adjusted TIER for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 29: TIER and Adjusted TIER


	Three Months Ended February 28,		Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2023	2022	2023	2022
TIER (1)	1.58	2.51	1.70	1.59

Adjusted TIER (2)	1.30	1.33	1.26	1.31

____________________________

(1) TIER is calculated based on our net income (loss) plus interest expense for the period divided by interest expense for the period.

(2) Adjusted TIER is calculated based on adjusted net income (loss) plus adjusted interest expense for the period divided by adjusted interest expense for the period.

Liabilities and Equity and Adjusted Liabilities and Equity

Table 30 provides a reconciliation between our total liabilities and total equity and the adjusted amounts used in the calculation of our adjusted debt-to-equity ratio as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. As indicated in Table 30, subordinated debt is treated in the same manner as equity in calculating our adjusted-debt-to-equity ratio.

Table 30: Adjusted Liabilities and Equity


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Adjusted total liabilities:
Total liabilities	$	31,398,086	$	29,109,413
Exclude:
Derivative liabilities	131,075		128,282
Debt used to fund loans guaranteed by RUS	124,861		131,128
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		986,518
Subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,234,161
Adjusted total liabilities	$	28,932,057	$	26,629,324

Adjusted total equity:
Total equity	$	2,603,426	$	2,141,969
Exclude:
Prior fiscal year-end cumulative derivative forward value gains (losses)(1)	90,831		(467,036)
Year-to-date derivative forward value gains(1)	330,035		557,867
Period-end cumulative derivative forward value gains(1)	420,866		90,831
AOCI attributable to derivatives(2)	1,081		1,341
Subtotal	421,947		92,172
Include:
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		986,518
Subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,234,161
Subtotal	2,210,093		2,220,679
Adjusted total equity	$	4,391,572	$	4,270,476

____________________________

(1) Represents consolidated total derivative forward value gains (losses).

(2) Represents the AOCI amount related to derivatives. See “Note 10—Equity” for the additional components of AOCI.

Debt-to-Equity and Adjusted Debt-to-Equity Ratios

Table 31 displays the calculations of our debt-to-equity and adjusted debt-to-equity ratios as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 31: Debt-to-Equity Ratio and Adjusted Debt-to-Equity Ratio


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Debt-to equity ratio:
Total liabilities	$	31,398,086	$	29,109,413
Total equity	2,603,426		2,141,969
Debt-to-equity ratio (1)	12.06		13.59

Adjusted debt-to-equity ratio:
Adjusted total liabilities(2)	$	28,932,057	$	26,629,324
Adjusted total equity(2)	4,391,572		4,270,476
Adjusted debt-to-equity ratio(3)	6.59		6.24

____________________________

(1) Calculated based on total liabilities at period end divided by total equity at period end.

(2) See Table 30 above for details on the calculation of these non-GAAP adjusted measures and the reconciliation to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measures.

(3) Calculated based on adjusted total liabilities at period end divided by adjusted total equity at period end.

Total CFC Equity and Members’ Equity

Members’ equity excludes the noncash impact of derivative forward value gains (losses) and foreign currency adjustments recorded in net income and amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Because these amounts generally have not been realized, they are not available to members and are excluded by the CFC Board of Directors in determining the annual allocation of adjusted net income to patronage capital, to the members’ capital reserve and to other member funds. Table 32 provides a reconciliation of members’ equity to total CFC equity as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. We present the components of accumulated other comprehensive income in “Note 10—Equity.”

Table 32: Members’ Equity


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Members’ equity:
Total CFC equity	$	2,575,793	$	2,114,573
Exclude:
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8,694		2,258
Period-end cumulative derivative forward value gains attributable to CFC(1)	419,895		92,363
Subtotal	428,589		94,621
Members’ equity	$	2,147,204	$	2,019,952

____________________________

(1)Represents period-end cumulative derivative forward value gains for CFC only, as total CFC equity does not include the noncontrolling interests of the variable interest entities NCSC and RTFC, which we are required to consolidate. We report the separate results of operations for CFC in “Note 14—Business Segments.” The period-end cumulative derivative forward value total gains amounts as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022 are presented above in Table 30.

Item 1. Financial Statements


									Page
			Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)						56
			Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)						57
			Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)						58
			Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)						59
			Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)						60
			Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						61
			Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies						61
			Note 2 — Interest Income and Interest Expense						63
			Note 3 — Investment Securities						63
			Note 4 — Loans						65
			Note 5 — Allowance for Credit Losses						76
			Note 6 — Short-Term Borrowings						79
			Note 7 — Long-Term Debt						80
			Note 8 — Subordinated Deferrable Debt						82
			Note 9 — Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities						82
			Note 10 — Equity						86
			Note 11 — Guarantees						87
			Note 12 — Fair Value Measurement						89
			Note 13 — Variable Interest Entities						91
			Note 14 — Business Segments						93

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest income	$	353,292	$	285,206	$	984,464	$	851,626
Interest expense	(281,709)		(173,654)		(736,621)		(522,027)
Net interest income	71,583		111,552		247,843		329,599
Benefit (provision) for credit losses	11,318		12,749		(3,806)		12,146
Net interest income after benefit (provision) for credit losses	82,901		124,301		244,037		341,745
Non-interest income:
Fee and other income	5,326		4,270		13,548		13,042
Derivative gains	102,308		169,280		342,685		43,203
Investment securities losses	(1,402)		(11,621)		(5,574)		(18,190)
Total non-interest income	106,232		161,929		350,659		38,055
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	(14,808)		(13,181)		(42,792)		(38,871)
Other general and administrative expenses	(10,507)		(9,898)		(35,289)		(31,513)

Other non-interest expense	(298)		(843)		(975)		(1,530)
Total non-interest expense	(25,613)		(23,922)		(79,056)		(71,914)
Income before income taxes	163,520		262,308		515,640		307,886
Income tax provision	(303)		(343)		(785)		(524)
Net income	163,217		261,965		514,855		307,362
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(321)		(888)		(541)		(1,081)
Net income attributable to CFC	$	162,896	$	261,077	$	514,314	$	306,281

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	163,217	$	261,965	$	514,855	$	307,362
Other comprehensive income (loss):

Changes in unrealized gains on derivative cash flow hedges	6,691		—		6,691		4,028
Reclassification to earnings of realized gains on derivatives	(177)		(192)		(555)		(432)
Defined benefit plan adjustments	100		72		300		215
Other comprehensive income (loss)	6,614		(120)		6,436		3,811
Total comprehensive income	169,831		261,845		521,291		311,173
Less: Total comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(321)		(888)		(541)		(1,081)
Total comprehensive income attributable to CFC	$	169,510	$	260,957	$	520,750	$	310,092

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,962	$	153,551
Restricted cash	7,298		7,563
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	180,260		161,114
Investment securities:
Debt securities trading, at fair value	549,124		566,146
Equity securities, at fair value	38,002		33,758
Total investment securities, at fair value	587,126		599,904
Loans to members	32,381,829		30,063,386
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(56,297)		(67,560)
Loans to members, net	32,325,532		29,995,826
Accrued interest receivable	161,856		111,418
Other receivables	39,448		35,431
Fixed assets, net	113,281		101,762

Derivative assets	554,610		222,042
Other assets	39,399		23,885
Total assets	$	34,001,512	$	31,251,382

Liabilities:
Accrued interest payable	$	233,690	$	131,950
Debt outstanding:
Short-term borrowings	4,899,631		4,981,167
Long-term debt	23,831,978		21,545,440
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		986,518
Members’ subordinated certificates:
Membership subordinated certificates	628,609		628,603
Loan and guarantee subordinated certificates	348,643		365,388
Member capital securities	246,163		240,170
Total members’ subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,234,161
Total debt outstanding	30,941,702		28,747,286

Deferred income	40,541		44,332
Derivative liabilities	131,075		128,282
Other liabilities	51,078		57,563
Total liabilities	31,398,086		29,109,413

Equity:
CFC equity:
Retained equity	2,567,099		2,112,315
Accumulated other comprehensive income	8,694		2,258
Total CFC equity	2,575,793		2,114,573
Noncontrolling interests	27,633		27,396
Total equity	2,603,426		2,141,969
Total liabilities and equity	$	34,001,512	$	31,251,382

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Membership Fees and Educational Fund		Patronage Capital Allocated		Members’ Capital Reserve		Unallocated Net Income		CFC Retained Equity		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total CFC Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Equity
Balance as of November 30, 2022	$	2,859	$	896,096	$	1,062,286	$	443,072	$	2,404,313	$	2,080	$	2,406,393	$	27,319	$	2,433,712


Net income	—		—		—		162,896		162,896		—		162,896		321		163,217
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		—		6,614		6,614		—		6,614
Patronage capital retirement	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other	(110)		—		—		—		(110)		—		(110)		(7)		(117)
Balance as of February 28, 2023	$	2,749	$	896,096	$	1,062,286	$	605,968	$	2,567,099	$	8,694	$	2,575,793	$	27,633	$	2,603,426

	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2023

Balance as of May 31, 2022	$	3,387	$	954,988	$	1,062,286	$	91,654	$	2,112,315	$	2,258	$	2,114,573	$	27,396	$	2,141,969


Net income	—		—		—		514,314		514,314		—		514,314		541		514,855
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		—		6,436		6,436		—		6,436
Patronage capital retirement	—		(58,892)		—		—		(58,892)		—		(58,892)		(2,704)		(61,596)
Other	(638)		—		—		—		(638)		—		(638)		2,400		1,762
Balance as of February 28, 2023	$	2,749	$	896,096	$	1,062,286	$	605,968	$	2,567,099	$	8,694	$	2,575,793	$	27,633	$	2,603,426



	Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Membership Fees and Educational Fund		Patronage Capital Allocated		Members’ Capital Reserve		Unallocated Net Income (Loss)		CFC Retained Equity		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total CFC Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Equity
Balance as of November 30, 2021	$	2,665	$	866,405	$	909,749	$	(416,667)	$	1,362,152	$	3,906	$	1,366,058	$	24,927	$	1,390,985
Net income	—		—		—		261,077		261,077		—		261,077		888		261,965
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		—		—		(120)		(120)		—		(120)
Patronage capital retirement	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Other	(234)		—		—		—		(234)		—		(234)		(1)		(235)
Balance as of February 28, 2022	$	2,431	$	866,405	$	909,749	$	(155,590)	$	1,622,995	$	3,786	$	1,626,781	$	25,814	$	1,652,595

	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2022

Balance as of May 31, 2021	$	3,125	$	923,970	$	909,749	$	(461,871)	$	1,374,973	$	(25)	$	1,374,948	$	24,931	$	1,399,879


Net income	—		—		—		306,281		306,281		—		306,281		1,081		307,362
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		—		3,811		3,811		—		3,811
Patronage capital retirement	—		(57,565)		—		—		(57,565)		—		(57,565)		(2,414)		(59,979)
Other	(694)		—		—		—		(694)		—		(694)		2,216		1,522
Balance as of February 28, 2022	$	2,431	$	866,405	$	909,749	$	(155,590)	$	1,622,995	$	3,786	$	1,626,781	$	25,814	$	1,652,595

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	514,855	$	307,362
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of deferred loan fees	(5,720)		(6,233)
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts	21,692		20,358
Amortization of guarantee fee	14,144		14,078
Depreciation and amortization	3,815		5,811
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	3,806		(12,146)



Unrealized losses on equity and debt securities	2,638		17,619
Derivative forward value gains	(330,035)		(122,930)
Advances on loans held for sale	(148,142)		(70,186)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	191,942		64,186
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued interest receivable	(50,438)		(2,628)

Accrued interest payable	101,740		47,734
Deferred income	1,929		787
Other	(25,648)		(13,890)
Net cash provided by operating activities	296,578		249,922

Cash flows from investing activities:
Advances on loans held for investments, net	(2,384,524)		(1,087,256)
Investments in fixed assets, net	(14,586)		(12,363)








Purchase of trading securities	(118,065)		(122,116)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of trading securities	125,268		114,419




Net cash used in investing activities	(2,391,907)		(1,107,316)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowings ≤ 90 days, net	49,287		31,983
Proceeds from short-term borrowings with original maturity > 90 days	2,141,018		1,975,416
Repayments of short-term borrowings with original maturity > 90 days	(2,271,841)		(2,161,438)
Payments for issuance costs for revolving bank lines of credit	(2,108)		(3,563)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of discount and issuance costs	4,069,959		3,395,920
Payments for retirement of long-term debt	(1,801,904)		(2,494,922)


Proceeds from issuance of members’ subordinated certificates	6,127		359
Payments for retirement of members’ subordinated certificates	(16,873)		(21,183)
Payments for retirement of patronage capital	(59,189)		(57,761)
Repayments for membership fees, net	(1)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,114,475		664,811
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	19,146		(192,583)
Beginning cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	161,114		303,361
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	180,260	$	110,778

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	619,052	$	451,179
Cash paid for income taxes	201		3
Non-cash financing and investing activities:
Equity investment, at cost, obtained in exchange for loan held for investment	$	7,778	$	—

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 1—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company

National Rural Utilities Cooperative Finance Corporation (“CFC”) is a tax-exempt, member-owned cooperative association incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia in April 1969. CFC’s principal purpose is to provide its members with financing to supplement the loan programs of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”) of the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). CFC makes loans to its rural electric members so they can acquire, construct and operate electric distribution systems, electric generation and transmission (“power supply”) systems and related facilities. CFC also provides its members with credit enhancements in the form of letters of credit and guarantees of debt obligations. As a cooperative, CFC is owned by and exclusively serves its membership, which consists of not-for-profit entities or subsidiaries or affiliates of not-for-profit entities.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CFC and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) where CFC is the primary beneficiary. National Cooperative Services Corporation (“NCSC”) and Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative (“RTFC”) are VIEs that are required to be consolidated by CFC. NCSC is a taxable member-owned cooperative that may provide financing to members of CFC, government or quasi-government entities which own electric utility systems that meet the Rural Electrification Act definition of “rural,” and for-profit and nonprofit entities that are owned, operated or controlled by, or provide significant benefits to certain members of CFC. RTFC is a taxable Subchapter T cooperative association that provides financing for its rural telecommunications members and their affiliates. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Unless stated otherwise, references to “we,” “our” or “us” relate to CFC and its consolidated entities.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosures during the period. Management’s most significant estimates and assumptions involve determining the allowance for credit losses. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. While management makes its best judgments, actual amounts or results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, these unaudited interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of results for the periods presented. The results in the interim financial statements included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2023 (“this Report”) are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full fiscal year, and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements included in CFC’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). Certain reclassifications and updates may have been made to the presentation of information in prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on prior periods’ net income (loss) or equity.

New Accounting Standards

Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) and Vintage Disclosures

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which addresses and amends areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the accounting standard that introduced the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years for entities, such as CFC, that have adopted the CECL accounting standard. Early adoption, however, is permitted if an entity has adopted the CECL accounting standard. We expect to adopt the guidance for our fiscal year beginning June 1, 2023. While the guidance will result in expanded disclosures, we do not expect an impact on our consolidated results of operation, financial condition or liquidity from adoption of this accounting standard.

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP on contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions subject to modification due to the expected discontinuance of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other reference rate reform changes to ease the potential accounting and financial burdens related to the expected transition in market reference rates. This guidance permits entities to elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by reference rate transition, if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not be required to remeasure modified contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. The guidance was effective upon issuance on March 12, 2020, and can generally be applied through December 31, 2022. On December 21, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which extends the period of time entities can utilize the reference rate reform relief guidance under ASU 2020-04 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. Upon issuance of ASU 2020-04, we elected to apply certain of the optional expedients for contract modifications to our financial instruments impacted by the LIBOR discontinuance. We expect to continue to elect various optional expedients for contract modifications to our financial instruments affected by the reference rate reform through the effective date of December 31, 2024, as extended by ASU 2022-06. The application of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 2—INTEREST INCOME AND INTEREST EXPENSE

The following table displays the components of interest income, by interest-earning asset type, and interest expense, by debt product type, presented on our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 2.1: Interest Income and Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest income:






Loans(1)	$	347,112	$	281,361	$	968,629	$	839,548
Investment securities	6,180		3,845		15,835		12,078
Total interest income	353,292		285,206		984,464		851,626

Interest expense:(2)(3)
Short-term borrowings	50,639		3,802		116,034		10,271





Long-term debt	204,876		143,639		541,678		432,608


Subordinated debt	26,194		26,213		78,909		79,148
Total interest expense	281,709		173,654		736,621		522,027

Net interest income	$	71,583	$	111,552	$	247,843	$	329,599

____________________________

(1) Includes loan conversion fees, which are generally deferred and recognized in interest income over the period to maturity using the effective interest method, late payment fees, commitment fees and net amortization of deferred loan fees and loan origination costs.

(2) Includes amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs, which are generally deferred and recognized as interest expense over the period to maturity using the effective interest method. Issuance costs related to dealer commercial paper, however, are recognized in interest expense immediately as incurred.

(3) Includes fees related to funding arrangements, such as up-front fees paid to banks participating in our committed bank revolving line of credit agreements. Based on the nature of the fees, the amount is either recognized immediately as incurred or deferred and recognized in interest expense ratably over the term of the arrangement.

Deferred income reported on our consolidated balance sheets of $41 million and $44 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, consists primarily of deferred loan conversion fees that totaled $32 million and $37 million as of each respective date.


NOTE 3—INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Our investment securities portfolio consists of debt securities classified as trading and equity securities with readily determinable fair values. We therefore record changes in the fair value of our debt and equity securities in earnings and report these unrealized changes together with realized gains and losses from the sale of securities as a component of non-interest income in our consolidated statements of operations.

Debt Securities

The following table presents the composition of our investment debt securities portfolio and the fair value as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 3.1: Investments in Debt Securities, at Fair Value


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Debt securities, at fair value:

Commercial paper	$	—	$	9,985

Corporate debt securities	467,581		487,172

Commercial agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)(1)	7,288		7,815


U.S. state and municipality debt securities	28,762		27,778
Foreign government debt securities	962		967
Other asset-backed securities(2)	44,531		32,429
Total debt securities trading, at fair value	$	549,124	$	566,146

____________________________

(1)Consists of securities backed by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”).

(2)Consists primarily of securities backed by auto lease loans, equipment-backed loans, auto loans and credit card loans.

We recognized net unrealized gains on our debt securities of $2 million and net unrealized losses of $7 million for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023, respectively. We recognized net unrealized losses on our debt securities of $9 million and $18 million for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2022, respectively.

We did not sell any debt securities during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023; therefore, no realized gains or losses were recorded during each period for sale of securities. We sold $3 million of debt securities at fair value during the three months ended February 28, 2022 and realized gains on the sale of these securities of less than $1 million. We sold $5 million of debt securities at fair value during the nine months ended February 28, 2022 and realized gains on the sale of these securities of less than $1 million. Subsequent to the quarter ended February 28, 2023, we sold debt securities at fair value totaling $36 million and realized gains on the sale of these securities of $1 million.

Equity Securities

The following table presents the composition of our equity security holdings and the fair value as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 3.2: Investments in Equity Securities, at Fair Value


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Equity securities, at fair value:
Farmer Mac—Series C non-cumulative preferred stock	$	28,140	$	25,520
Farmer Mac—Class A common stock	9,862		8,238
Total equity securities, at fair value	$	38,002	$	33,758

We recognized net unrealized losses on our equity securities of $2 million and net unrealized gains of $4 million for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023, respectively. We recognized net unrealized losses on our equity securities of $2 million and net unrealized gains of less than $1 million for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2022, respectively.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 4—LOANS

Loans to Members

Loans to members consist of loans held for investment and loans held for sale. The outstanding amount of loans held for investment is recorded based on the unpaid principal balance, net of discounts, charge-offs and recoveries, of loans and deferred loan origination costs. The outstanding amount of loans held for sale is recorded based on the lower of cost or fair value. The following table presents loans to members by legal entity, member class and loan type, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 4.1: Loans to Members by Member Class and Loan Type


	February 28, 2023			May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total	Amount		% of Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	25,424,628	79%	$	23,844,242	79%
Power supply	5,318,565		16	4,901,770		17
Statewide and associate	155,878		—	126,863		—
Total CFC	30,899,071		95	28,872,875		96
NCSC	988,371		3	710,878		2
RTFC	481,789		2	467,601		2
Total loans outstanding(1)	32,369,231		100	30,051,354		100
Deferred loan origination costs—CFC(2)	12,598		—	12,032		—
Loans to members	$	32,381,829	100%	$	30,063,386	100%

Loan type:
Long-term loans:
Fixed rate	$	28,039,808	86%	$	26,952,372	90%
Variable rate	915,095		3	820,201		2

Total long-term loans	28,954,903		89	27,772,573		92
Lines of credit	3,414,328		11	2,278,781		8
Total loans outstanding(1)	32,369,231		100	30,051,354		100
Deferred loan origination costs—CFC(2)	12,598		—	12,032		—
Loans to members	$	32,381,829	100%	$	30,063,386	100%

____________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance, net of discounts, charge-offs and recoveries, of loans as of the end of each period.

(2) Deferred loan origination costs are recorded on the books of CFC.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Loan Sales

We may transfer whole loans and participating interests to third parties. These transfers are typically made concurrently or within a short period of time with the closing of the loan sale or participation agreement at par value and meet the accounting criteria required for sale accounting.

We sold CFC and NCSC loans, at par for cash, totaling $192 million and $64 million during the nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recorded immaterial losses on the sale of these loans attributable to the unamortized deferred loan origination costs associated with the transferred loans. We had no loans held for sale as of February 28, 2023. We had loans held for sale totaling $44 million as of May 31, 2022, which were sold at par for cash during the nine months ended February 28, 2023.

Accrued Interest Receivable

We report accrued interest on loans separately on our consolidated balance sheets as a component of the line item accrued interest receivable rather than as a component of loans to members. Accrued interest on loans totaled $126 million and $94 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable amounts generally represent three months or less of accrued interest on loans outstanding. Because our policy is to write off past-due accrued interest receivable in a timely manner, we elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable on loans outstanding. We also elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the credit quality disclosures required under CECL.

Credit Concentration

Because we lend primarily to our rural electric utility cooperative members, we have had a loan portfolio subject to single-industry and single-obligor concentration risks since our inception in 1969. Loans outstanding to electric utility organizations of $31,887 million and $29,584 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, accounted for 98% of total loans outstanding as of each respective date. The remaining loans outstanding in our portfolio were to RTFC members, affiliates and associates in the telecommunications industry. Our credit exposure is partially mitigated by long-term loans guaranteed by RUS, which totaled $125 million and $131 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Single-Obligor Concentration

The outstanding loan exposure for our 20 largest borrowers totaled $6,558 million and $6,220 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, representing 20% and 21% of total loans outstanding as of each respective date. Our 20 largest borrowers consisted of 10 distribution systems and 10 power supply systems as of February 28, 2023 and 12 distribution systems and eight power supply systems as of May 31, 2022. The largest total outstanding exposure to a single borrower or controlled group represented 1% of total loans outstanding as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

balance of loans covered under the purchase commitment. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of designated and Farmer Mac approved loans was $443 million and $493 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Loan exposure to our 20 largest borrowers covered under the Farmer Mac agreement totaled $270 million and $316 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, which reduced our exposure to the 20 largest borrowers to 19% and 20% as of each respective date. We have had no loan defaults for loans covered under this agreement; therefore, no loans have been put to Farmer Mac for purchase pursuant to the standby purchase agreement as of February 28, 2023. Our credit exposure is also mitigated by long-term loans guaranteed by RUS.

Geographic Concentration

Although our organizational structure and mission results in single-industry concentration, we serve a geographically diverse group of electric and telecommunications borrowers throughout the U.S. The consolidated number of borrowers with loans outstanding totaled 880 and 883 as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, located in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Of the 880 and 883 borrowers with loans outstanding, 51 and 49 were electric power supply borrowers as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Electric power supply borrowers generally require significantly more capital than electric distribution and telecommunications borrowers.

Texas accounted for the largest number of borrowers with loans outstanding in any one state as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, as well as the largest concentration of loan exposure. The following table presents the Texas-based number of borrowers and loans outstanding by legal entity and member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 4.2: Loan Exposure to Texas-Based Borrowers


	February 28, 2023					May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Borrowers	Amount		% of Total		Number of Borrowers	Amount		% of Total
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	57	$	4,284,930	13	%	57	$	3,984,887	13	%
Power supply	8	1,128,456		4		8	1,089,896		4
Statewide and associate	1	38,428		—		1	29,335		—
Total CFC	66	5,451,814		17		66	5,104,118		17
NCSC	1	16,400		—		1	378		—

RTFC	2	12,313		—		1	5,853		—
Total loan exposure to Texas-based borrowers	69	5,480,527		17		68	5,110,349		17
Less: Loans covered under Farmer Mac standby purchase commitment		(157,098)		(1)			(163,369)		(1)
Net loan exposure to Texas-based borrowers		$	5,323,429	16	%		$	4,946,980	16	%

Credit Quality Indicators

Assessing the overall credit quality of our loan portfolio and measuring our credit risk is an ongoing process that involves tracking payment status, TDRs, nonperforming loans, charge-offs, the internal risk ratings of our borrowers and other indicators of credit risk. We monitor and subject each borrower and loan facility in our loan portfolio to an individual risk assessment based on quantitative and qualitative factors. Payment status trends and internal risk ratings are indicators, among others, of the probability of borrower default and overall credit quality of our loan portfolio.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Payment Status of Loans

Loans are considered delinquent when contractual principal or interest amounts become past due 30 days or more following the scheduled payment due date. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when payment of principal or interest is 90 days or more past due or management determines that the full collection of principal and interest is doubtful. The following table presents the payment status, by legal entity and member class, of loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 4.3: Payment Status of Loans Outstanding


	February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due			> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans Outstanding		Nonaccrual Loans
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	25,424,628	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	25,424,628	$	—
Power supply	5,314,218		—			4,347		4,347		5,318,565		131,043
Statewide and associate	155,878		—			—		—		155,878		—
CFC total	30,894,724		—			4,347		4,347		30,899,071		131,043
NCSC	988,371		—			—		—		988,371		—
RTFC	481,789		—			—		—		481,789		—
Total loans outstanding	$	32,364,884	$	—		$	4,347	$	4,347	$	32,369,231	$	131,043

Percentage of total loans	99.99%		—		%	0.01%		0.01%		100.00%		0.40%


	May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Total Loans Outstanding		Nonaccrual Loans
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	23,844,242	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	23,844,242	$	—
Power supply	4,787,832		28,389		85,549		113,938		4,901,770		227,790
Statewide and associate	126,863		—		—		—		126,863		—
CFC total	28,758,937		28,389		85,549		113,938		28,872,875		227,790
NCSC	710,878		—		—		—		710,878		—
RTFC	467,601		—		—		—		467,601		—
Total loans outstanding	$	29,937,416	$	28,389	$	85,549	$	113,938	$	30,051,354	$	227,790

Percentage of total loans	99.62%		0.09%		0.29%		0.38%		100.00%		0.76%

We had one CFC electric power supply borrower, Brazos Sandy Creek Electric Cooperative Inc. (“Brazos Sandy Creek”), with a delinquent loan of $4 million as of February 28, 2023. In comparison, we had two CFC electric power supply borrowers, Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc. (“Brazos”) and Brazos Sandy Creek with delinquent loans totaling $114 million as of May 31, 2022. The decrease in loans on nonaccrual status of $97 million to $131 million as of February 28, 2023, from $228 million as of May 31, 2022 was due to the partial charge-offs related to the Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek loans, and the receipt of loan principal payments on the outstanding nonaccrual loans. See “Troubled Debt Restructurings,” “Nonperforming Loans” and “Net Charge-Offs” below for additional information.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following table presents the outstanding balance of modified loans accounted for as TDRs and the performance status, by legal entity and member class, of these loans as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 4.4: Trouble Debt Restructurings


	February 28, 2023				May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Borrowers	Outstanding Amount (1)		% of Total Loans Outstanding	Number of Borrowers	Outstanding Amount (1)		% of Total Loans Outstanding
TDR loans:


Member class:
CFC—Distribution	1	$	4,638	0.02%	1	$	5,092	0.02%
CFC—Power Supply	1	22,875		0.07	—	—		—
RTFC	1	3,717		0.01	1	4,092		0.01
Total TDR loans	3	$	31,230	0.10%	2	$	9,184	0.03%

Performance status of TDR loans:
Performing TDR loans	2	$	8,355	0.03%	2	$	9,184	0.03%
Nonperforming TDR loans	1	22,875		0.07	—	—		—
Total TDR loans	3	$	31,230	0.10%	2	$	9,184	0.03%

____________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance net of charge-offs and recoveries as of the end of each period.

There were no unadvanced commitments related to these loans as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. We had loans outstanding to two borrowers totaling $8 million and $9 million which have been performing in accordance with the terms of their respective restructured loan agreement for an extended period of time and were classified as performing TDR loans and on accrual status as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. We had loans outstanding to Brazos totaling $23 million as of February 28, 2023, which we classified as nonperforming TDR loans during the three months ended February 28, 2023 (“current quarter,”) and were on non-accrual status as of February 28, 2023. Brazos, a CFC Texas-based electric power supply borrower, filed for bankruptcy in March 2021 due to its exposure to elevated wholesale electric power costs during the February 2021 polar vortex. On November 14, 2022, Brazos’ plan of reorganization was confirmed by the bankruptcy court and it became effective on December 15, 2022. Due to Brazos experiencing financial difficulty and the principal loan concession provided to Brazos by the bankruptcy court as part of its approval of Brazos’ plan of reorganization, which was effective on December 15, 2022, the remaining Brazos loans outstanding were moved from nonperforming loans and classified as nonperforming TDR loans during the current quarter. We did not have any TDR loans classified as nonperforming as of May 31, 2022. Prior to the Brazos loan restructuring, we have not had any loan modifications that were required to be accounted for as TDRs since fiscal year 2016.

Nonperforming Loans

In addition to TDR loans that may be classified as nonperforming, we also may have nonperforming loans that have not been modified as a TDR. The following table presents the outstanding balance of nonperforming loans, by legal entity and member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. Loans classified as nonperforming are placed on nonaccrual status.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 4.5: Nonperforming Loans


	February 28, 2023				May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Borrowers	Outstanding Amount (1)		% of Total Loans Outstanding	Number of Borrowers	Outstanding Amount (1)		% of Total Loans Outstanding
Nonperforming loans:
Member class:


CFC—Power supply	2	$	108,167	0.33%	3	$	227,790	0.76%


Total nonperforming loans	2	$	108,167	0.33%	3	$	227,790	0.76%

____________________________

(1) Represents the unpaid principal balance net of charge-offs and recoveries as of the end of each period.

We had loans to two CFC electric power supply borrowers totaling $108 million classified as nonperforming as of February 28, 2023. In comparison we had loans to three CFC electric power supply borrowers $228 million classified as nonperforming as of May 31, 2022. Nonperforming loans represented 0.33% and 0.76% of total loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The reduction in nonperforming loans of $120 million during the nine months ended February 28, 2023 was due to the receipt of loan principal payments, the partial charge-offs related to the Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek nonperforming loans, and the classification of Brazos nonperforming loans to TDR loans during the current quarter, as discussed above. Brazos’ loans outstanding accounted for $86 million of our total nonperforming loans as of May 31, 2022.

Net Charge-Offs

We had no charge-offs during the three months ended February 28, 2023. We experienced charge-offs totaling $15 million for the CFC electric power supply loan portfolio related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek loans during the nine months ended February 28, 2023, which resulted in an annualized net charge-off rate of 0.06% for the nine months ended February 28, 2023. In comparison we had no loan charge-offs during the same prior-year periods. Prior to Brazos’ and Brazos Sandy Creek’s bankruptcy filings, we had not experienced any defaults or charge-offs in our electric utility and telecommunications loan portfolios since fiscal year 2013 and 2017, respectively.

Borrower Risk Ratings

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

statements; however, interim risk-rating adjustments may occur as a result of updated information affecting a borrower’s ability to fulfill its obligations or other significant developments and trends. We categorize loans in our portfolio based on our internally assigned borrower risk ratings, which are intended to assess the general creditworthiness of the borrower and probability of default. Our borrower risk ratings align with the U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies’ credit risk definitions of pass and criticized categories, with the criticized category further segmented among special mention, substandard and doubtful. Pass ratings reflect relatively low probability of default, while criticized ratings have a higher probability of default.

The following is a description of the borrower risk rating categories.

•Pass: Borrowers that are not included in the categories of special mention, substandard or doubtful.

•Special Mention: Borrowers that may be characterized by a potential credit weakness or deteriorating financial condition that is not sufficiently serious to warrant a classification of substandard or doubtful.

•Substandard: Borrowers that display a well-defined credit weakness that may jeopardize the full collection of principal and interest.

•Doubtful: Borrowers that have a well-defined credit weakness or weaknesses that make full collection of principal and interest, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and collateral values, highly questionable and improbable.

Our internally assigned borrower risk ratings serve as the primary credit quality indicator for our loan portfolio. Because our internal borrower risk ratings provide important information on the probability of default, they are a key input in determining our allowance for credit losses.

Table 4.6 displays total loans outstanding, by borrower risk rating category and by legal entity and member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The borrower risk rating categories presented below correspond to the borrower risk rating categories used in calculating our collective allowance for credit losses. If a parent company provides a guarantee of full repayment of loans of a subsidiary borrower, we include the loans outstanding in the borrower risk-rating category of the guarantor parent company rather than the risk rating category of the subsidiary borrower for purposes of calculating the collective allowance.

We present term loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023, by fiscal year of origination for each year during the five-year annual reporting period beginning in fiscal year 2019, and in the aggregate for periods prior to fiscal year 2019. The origination period represents the date CFC advances funds to a borrower, rather than the execution date of a loan facility for a borrower. Revolving loans are presented separately due to the nature of revolving loans. The substantial majority of loans in our portfolio represent fixed-rate advances under secured long-term facilities with terms up to 35 years, and as indicated in Table 4.6 below, term loan advances made to borrowers prior to fiscal year 2019 totaled $17,381 million, representing 54% of our total loans outstanding of $32,369 million as of February 28, 2023. The average remaining maturity of our long-term loans, which accounted for 89% of total loans outstanding as of February 28, 2023, was 19 years.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 4.6: Loans Outstanding by Borrower Risk Ratings and Origination Year


	February 28, 2023
	Term Loans by Fiscal Year of Origination
(Dollars in thousands)	YTD Q3 2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total		May 31, 2022
Pass
CFC:
Distribution	$	1,800,130	$	2,431,756	$	1,660,098	$	1,836,617	$	1,162,421	$	14,049,245	$	2,295,219	$	25,235,486	$	23,596,004
Power supply	343,465		354,189		551,263		181,672		386,352		2,729,956		640,626		5,187,523		4,673,980
Statewide and associate	23,846		33,753		2,064		15,619		2,969		17,085		47,200		142,536		112,610
CFC total	2,167,441		2,819,698		2,213,425		2,033,908		1,551,742		16,796,286		2,983,045		30,565,545		28,382,594
NCSC	238,254		48,131		5,866		210,308		3,824		256,838		225,150		988,371		710,878
RTFC	48,171		86,896		77,782		40,685		8,386		195,569		20,583		478,072		463,509
Total pass	$	2,453,866	$	2,954,725	$	2,297,073	$	2,284,901	$	1,563,952	$	17,248,693	$	3,228,778	$	32,031,988	$	29,556,981

Special mention
CFC:
Distribution	$	4,240	$	—	$	4,804	$	—	$	5,028	$	12,395	$	162,675	$	189,142	$	248,238

Statewide and associate	—		—		—		—		4,844		8,498		—		13,342		14,253
CFC total	4,240		—		4,804		—		9,872		20,893		162,675		202,484		262,491
RTFC	—		—		—		—		—		3,717		—		3,717		4,092
Total special mention	$	4,240	$	—	$	4,804	$	—	$	9,872	$	24,610	$	162,675	$	206,201	$	266,583

Substandard





Total substandard	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Doubtful
CFC:
Power supply	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,167	$	22,875	$	131,042	$	227,790


Total doubtful	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,167	$	22,875	$	131,042	$	227,790

Total criticized loans	$	4,240	$	—	$	4,804	$	—	$	9,872	$	132,777	$	185,550	$	337,243	$	494,373
Total loans outstanding	$	2,458,106	$	2,954,725	$	2,301,877	$	2,284,901	$	1,573,824	$	17,381,470	$	3,414,328	$	32,369,231	$	30,051,354

Criticized loans totaled $337 million and $494 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and represented approximately 1% and 2% of total loans outstanding as of each respective date. The decrease of $157 million in criticized loans was due to loan payments received from a CFC electric distribution borrower in the special mention loans category and from Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, and the partial charge-offs related to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek loans during the nine months ended February 28, 2023. Each of the borrowers with loans outstanding in the criticized category, with the exception of Brazos Sandy Creek was current with regard to all principal and interest amounts due to us as of February 28, 2023. In contrast, each of the borrowers with loans outstanding in the criticized category, with the exception of Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, which filed for bankruptcy in March 2021 and March 2022, respectively, was current with regard to all principal and interest amounts due to us as of May 31, 2022. See “Troubled Debt Restructurings” and “Nonperforming Loans” above for additional information on Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek, respectively.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Special Mention

One CFC electric distribution borrower with loans outstanding of $189 million and $248 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, accounted for the substantial majority of loans in the special mention loan category amount of $206 million and $267 million as of each respective date. This borrower experienced an adverse financial impact from restoration costs incurred to repair damage caused by two successive hurricanes. We expect that the borrower will continue to receive grant funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the state where it is located for the full reimbursement of the hurricane damage-related restoration costs.

Substandard

We did not have any loans classified as substandard as of February 28, 2023 or May 31, 2022.

Doubtful

Loans outstanding classified as doubtful totaled $131 million and $228 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, consisting of loans outstanding to Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek totaling $27 million and $114 million as of each respective date and loans outstanding to a CFC electric power supply borrower of $104 million and $114 million as of each respective date. See “Troubled Debt Restructurings” and “Nonperforming Loans” above for additional information on these loans.

Unadvanced Loan Commitments

Unadvanced loan commitments represent approved and executed loan contracts for which funds have not been advanced to borrowers. The following table presents unadvanced loan commitments, by member class and by loan type, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 4.7: Unadvanced Commitments by Member Class and Loan Type


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	9,332,479	$	9,230,197
Power supply	3,884,174		3,835,535
Statewide and associate	152,400		183,845
Total CFC	13,369,053		13,249,577
NCSC	606,121		551,901
RTFC	345,104		309,724
Total unadvanced commitments	$	14,320,278	$	14,111,202



Loan type:(1)
Long-term loans:
Fixed rate	$	—	$	—
Variable rate	5,643,107		5,357,205

Total long-term loans	5,643,107		5,357,205
Lines of credit	8,677,171		8,753,997
Total unadvanced commitments	$	14,320,278	$	14,111,202

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

____________________________

(1)The interest rate on unadvanced loan commitments is not set until an advance is made; therefore, all unadvanced long-term loan commitments are reported as variable rate. However, the borrower may select either a fixed or a variable rate when an advance is drawn under a loan commitment.

The following table displays, by loan type, the available balance under unadvanced loan commitments as of February 28, 2023, and the related maturities in each fiscal year during the five-year period ended May 31, 2027, and thereafter.

Table 4.8: Unadvanced Loan Commitments


	Available Balance		Notional Maturities of Unadvanced Loan Commitments
(Dollars in thousands)			2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
Line of credit loans	$	8,677,171	$	250,394	$	4,017,370	$	1,404,741	$	865,242	$	1,274,004	$	865,420
Long-term loans	5,643,107		171,539		1,159,276		702,264		848,354		1,429,226		1,332,448
Total	$	14,320,278	$	421,933	$	5,176,646	$	2,107,005	$	1,713,596	$	2,703,230	$	2,197,868

Unadvanced line of credit commitments accounted for 61% of total unadvanced loan commitments as of February 28, 2023, while unadvanced long-term loan commitments accounted for 39% of total unadvanced loan commitments. Unadvanced line of credit commitments are typically revolving facilities for periods not to exceed five years and generally serve as supplemental back-up liquidity to our borrowers. Historically, borrowers have not drawn the full commitment amount for line of credit facilities, and we have experienced a very low utilization rate on line of credit loan facilities regardless of whether or not we are obligated to fund the facility where a material adverse change exists.

Our unadvanced long-term loan commitments typically have a five-year draw period under which a borrower may draw funds prior to the expiration of the commitment. We expect that the majority of the long-term unadvanced loan commitments of $5,643 million will be advanced prior to the expiration of the commitment.

Because we historically have experienced a very low utilization rate on line of credit loan facilities, which account for the majority of our total unadvanced loan commitments, we believe the unadvanced loan commitment total of $14,320 million as of February 28, 2023 is not necessarily representative of our future funding requirements.

Unadvanced Loan Commitments—Conditional

The substantial majority of our line of credit commitments and all of our unadvanced long-term loan commitments include material adverse change clauses. Unadvanced loan commitments subject to material adverse change clauses totaled $11,188 million and $10,908 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Prior to making an advance on these facilities, we confirm that there has been no material adverse change in the business or condition, financial or otherwise, of the borrower since the time the loan was approved and confirm that the borrower is currently in compliance with loan terms and conditions. In some cases, the borrower’s access to the full amount of the facility is further constrained by the designated purpose, imposition of borrower-specific restrictions or by additional conditions that must be met prior to advancing funds.

Unadvanced Loan Commitments—Unconditional

Unadvanced loan commitments not subject to material adverse change clauses at the time of each advance consisted of unadvanced committed lines of credit totaling $3,132 million and $3,203 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. As such, we are required to advance amounts on these committed facilities as long as the borrower is in compliance with the terms and conditions of the facility. The following table summarizes the available balance under unconditional committed lines of credit as of February 28, 2023, and the related maturity amounts in each fiscal year during the five-year period ending May 31, 2027, and thereafter.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 4.9: Unconditional Committed Lines of Credit—Available Balance


	Available Balance		Notional Maturities of Unconditional Committed Lines of Credit
(Dollars in thousands)	Available Balance		2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
Committed lines of credit	$	3,131,762	$	103,285	$	170,500	$	792,586	$	434,500	$	907,665	$	723,226

Pledged Collateral—Loans

We are required to pledge eligible mortgage notes or other collateral in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance of our secured debt. Table 4.10 displays the borrowing amount under each of our secured borrowing agreements and the corresponding loans outstanding pledged as collateral as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. See “Note 6—Short-Term Borrowings” and “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” for information on our secured borrowings and other borrowings.

Table 4.10: Pledged Loans


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Collateral trust bonds:
2007 indenture:
Collateral trust bonds outstanding	$	7,772,711	$	7,072,711
Pledged collateral:
Distribution system mortgage notes pledged	8,832,021		8,564,596
RUS-guaranteed loans qualifying as permitted investments pledged	109,149		114,654
Total pledged collateral	8,941,170		8,679,250

1994 indenture:
Collateral trust bonds outstanding	$	20,000	$	25,000
Pledged collateral:
Distribution system mortgage notes pledged	23,515		29,616

Guaranteed Underwriter Program:
Notes payable outstanding	$	6,771,125	$	6,105,473
Pledged collateral:
Distribution and power supply system mortgage notes pledged	7,467,744		6,904,591

Farmer Mac:
Notes payable outstanding	$	3,523,742	$	3,094,679
Pledged collateral:
Distribution and power supply system mortgage notes pledged	4,365,523		3,445,358

Clean Renewable Energy Bonds Series 2009A:
Notes payable outstanding	$	1,098	$	2,755
Pledged collateral:
Distribution and power supply system mortgage notes pledged	1,207		3,138
Cash	—		392
Total pledged collateral	1,207		3,530

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 5—ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

We are required to maintain an allowance based on a current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining term of the loans in our portfolio. Our allowance for credit losses consists of a collective allowance and an asset-specific allowance. The collective allowance is established for loans in our portfolio that share similar risk characteristics and are therefore evaluated on a collective, or pool, basis in measuring expected credit losses. The asset-specific allowance is established for loans in our portfolio that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans in our portfolio and are therefore evaluated on an individual basis in measuring expected credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses—Loan Portfolio

The following tables summarize, by legal entity and member class, changes in the allowance for credit losses for our loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 5.1: Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses


	Three Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Balance as of November 30, 2022	$	17,021	$	45,289	$	1,289	$	63,599	$	2,511	$	1,505	$	67,615


Provision (benefit) for credit losses	(367)		(10,934)		(32)		(11,333)		116		(101)		(11,318)

Balance as of February 28, 2023	$	16,654	$	34,355	$	1,257	$	52,266	$	2,627	$	1,404	$	56,297


	Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Balance as of November 30, 2021	$	16,032	$	65,467	$	1,424	$	82,923	$	1,594	$	1,618	$	86,135


Provision (benefit) for credit losses	353		(12,989)		(111)		(12,747)		135		(137)		(12,749)


Balance as of February 28, 2022	$	16,385	$	52,478	$	1,313	$	70,176	$	1,729	$	1,481	$	73,386


	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Balance as of May 31, 2022	$	15,781	$	47,793	$	1,251	$	64,825	$	1,449	$	1,286	$	67,560


Provision for credit losses	873		1,631		6		2,510		1,178		118		3,806
Charge-offs	—		(15,069)		—		(15,069)		—		—		(15,069)
Balance as of February 28, 2023	$	16,654	$	34,355	$	1,257	$	52,266	$	2,627	$	1,404	$	56,297

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Balance as of May 31, 2021	$	13,426	$	64,646	$	1,391	$	79,463	$	1,374	$	4,695	$	85,532


Provision (benefit) for credit losses	2,959		(12,168)		(78)		(9,287)		355		(3,214)		(12,146)


Balance as of February 28, 2022	$	16,385	$	52,478	$	1,313	$	70,176	$	1,729	$	1,481	$	73,386

The following tables present, by legal entity and member class, the components of our allowance for credit losses as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 5.2: Allowance for Credit Losses Components


	February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Allowance components:
Collective allowance	$	16,654	$	8,208	$	1,257	$	26,119	$	2,627	$	1,112	$	29,858
Asset-specific allowance	—		26,147		—		26,147		—		292		26,439
Total allowance for credit losses	$	16,654	$	34,355	$	1,257	$	52,266	$	2,627	$	1,404	$	56,297

Loans outstanding:(1)
Collectively evaluated loans	$	25,419,990	$	5,187,522	$	155,878	$	30,763,390	$	988,371	$	478,072	$	32,229,833
Individually evaluated loans	4,638		131,043		—		135,681		—		3,717		139,398
Total loans outstanding	$	25,424,628	$	5,318,565	$	155,878	$	30,899,071	$	988,371	$	481,789	$	32,369,231


Allowance coverage ratios:
Collective allowance coverage ratio(2)	0.07%	0.16%	0.81%	0.08%	0.27%	0.23%	0.09%
Asset-specific allowance coverage ratio(3)	—	19.95	—	19.27	—	7.86	18.97
Total allowance coverage ratio(4)	0.07	0.65	0.81	0.17	0.27	0.29	0.17

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC Distribution		CFC Power Supply		CFC Statewide & Associate		CFC Total		NCSC		RTFC		Total
Allowance components:
Collective allowance	$	15,781	$	9,355	$	1,251	$	26,387	$	1,449	$	1,040	$	28,876
Asset-specific allowance	—		38,438		—		38,438		—		246		38,684
Total allowance for credit losses	$	15,781	$	47,793	$	1,251	$	64,825	$	1,449	$	1,286	$	67,560

Loans outstanding:(1)
Collectively evaluated loans	$	23,839,150	$	4,673,980	$	126,863	$	28,639,993	$	710,878	$	463,509	$	29,814,380
Individually evaluated loans	5,092		227,790		—		232,882		—		4,092		236,974
Total loans outstanding	$	23,844,242	$	4,901,770	$	126,863	$	28,872,875	$	710,878	$	467,601	$	30,051,354


Allowance coverage ratios:
Collective allowance coverage ratio(2)	0.07%	0.20%	0.99%	0.09%	0.20%	0.22%	0.10%
Asset-specific allowance coverage ratio(3)	—	16.87	—	16.51	—	6.01	16.32
Total allowance coverage ratio(4)	0.07	0.98	0.99	0.22	0.20	0.28	0.22

____________________________

(1)Represents the unpaid principal amount of loans as of the end of each period. Excludes unamortized deferred loan origination costs of $13 million and $12 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

(2)Calculated based on the collective allowance component at period end divided by collectively evaluated loans outstanding at period end.

(3)Calculated based on the asset-specific allowance component at period end divided by individually evaluated loans outstanding at period end.

(4)Calculated based on the total allowance for credit losses at period end divided by total loans outstanding at period end.

Our allowance for credit losses and allowance coverage ratio decreased to $56 million and 0.17%, respectively, as of February 28, 2023, from $68 million and 0.22%, respectively, as of May 31, 2022. The $12 million decrease in the allowance for credit losses reflected a reduction in the asset-specific allowance of $13 million, partially offset by an increase in the collective allowance of $1 million. The decrease in asset-specific allowance was attributable primarily to charge-offs totaling $15 million related to the Brazos and Brazos Sandy Creek loans, partially offset by an increase in the asset-specific allowance for a nonperforming CFC power supply loan, due to a reduction and timing change in the expected payments on this loan. The increase in the collective allowance was primarily due to the loan portfolio growth.

Reserve for Credit Losses—Unadvanced Loan Commitments

In addition to the allowance for credit losses for our loan portfolio, we maintain an allowance for credit losses for unadvanced loan commitments, which we refer to as our reserve for credit losses because this amount is reported as a component of other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We measure the reserve for credit losses for unadvanced loan commitments based on expected credit losses over the contractual period of our exposure to credit risk arising from our obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by us. The reserve for credit losses related to our off-balance sheet exposure for unadvanced loan commitments was less than $1 million as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 6—SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

Short-term borrowings consist of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and do not include the current portion of long-term debt. Our short-term borrowings totaled $4,900 million and accounted for 16% of total debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023, compared with $4,981 million and 17% of total debt outstanding as of May 31, 2022. The following table provides comparative information on our short-term borrowings as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 6.1: Short-Term Borrowings Sources



	February 28, 2023			May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		% of Total Debt Outstanding	Amount		% of Total Debt Outstanding
Short-term borrowings:
Commercial paper:
Commercial paper dealers, net of discounts	$	1,213,653	4%	$	1,024,813	4%
Commercial paper members, at par	932,880		3	1,358,069		5
Total commercial paper	2,146,533		7	2,382,882		9
Select notes to members	1,601,165		5	1,753,441		6
Daily liquidity fund notes to members	298,502		1	427,790		1
Medium-term notes to members	353,431		1	417,054		1
Farmer Mac notes payable (1)	500,000		2	—		—

Total short-term borrowings	$	4,899,631	16%	$	4,981,167	17%

____________________________

(1) Advanced under the revolving purchase agreement with Farmer Mac dated March 24, 2011. See “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” for additional information on this revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac.

Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements

The following table presents the amount available for access under our bank revolving line of credit agreements as of February 28, 2023.

Table 6.2: Committed Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreements Available Amounts


	February 28, 2023
(Dollars in millions)	Total Commitment		Letters of Credit Outstanding		Available Amount		Maturity	Annual Facility Fee (1)
Bank revolving agreements:

3-year agreement	$	1,245	$	—	$	1,245	November 28, 2025	7.5 bps


4-year agreement	1,355		7		1,348		November 28, 2026	10.0 bps

Total	$	2,600	$	7	$	2,593

____________________________

(1) Facility fee determined by CFC’s senior unsecured credit ratings based on the pricing schedules put in place at the inception of the related agreement.

On October 20, 2022, we amended the three-year and four-year committed bank revolving line of credit agreements to extend the maturity dates to November 28, 2025 and November 28, 2026, respectively, and to replace LIBOR with Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate. The total commitment amount under the three-year facility and the four-year facility remained unchanged at $1,245 million and $1,355 million, respectively, resulting in a combined total commitment amount

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

under the two facilities of $2,600 million. These agreements allow us to request up to $300 million of letters of credit, which, if requested, results in a reduction in the total amount available for our use. We were in compliance with all covenants and conditions under the agreements as of February 28, 2023.


NOTE 7—LONG-TERM DEBT

The following table displays, by debt product type, long-term debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. Long-term debt outstanding totaled $23,832 million and accounted for 77% of total debt outstanding as of February 28, 2023, compared with $21,545 million and 75% of total debt outstanding as of May 31, 2022.

Table 7.1: Long-Term Debt by Debt Product Type


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Secured long-term debt:
Collateral trust bonds	$	7,792,711	$	7,097,711
Unamortized discount net, of premium	(181,756)		(216,608)
Debt issuance costs	(37,086)		(32,613)
Total collateral trust bonds	7,573,869		6,848,490
Guaranteed Underwriter Program notes payable	6,771,125		6,105,473
Farmer Mac notes payable	3,023,742		3,094,679
Other secured notes payable	1,098		2,755
Debt issuance costs	(3)		(9)
Total other secured notes payable	1,095		2,746
Total secured notes payable	9,795,962		9,202,898
Total secured long-term debt	17,369,831		16,051,388
Unsecured long-term debt:
Medium-term notes sold through dealers	6,173,356		5,263,496
Medium-term notes sold to members	311,477		250,397
Medium term notes sold through dealers and to members	6,484,833		5,513,893
Unamortized discount net, of premium	(113)		(2,086)
Debt issuance costs	(22,643)		(19,723)
Total unsecured medium-term notes	6,462,077		5,492,084
Unsecured notes payable	71		1,979
Unamortized discount	(1)		(10)
Debt issuance costs	—		(1)
Total unsecured notes payable	70		1,968
Total unsecured long-term debt	6,462,147		5,494,052
Total long-term debt	$	23,831,978	$	21,545,440

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Secured Debt

Long-term secured debt of $17,370 million and $16,051 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, represented 73% and 75% of total long-term debt outstanding as of each respective date. We were in compliance with all covenants and conditions under our debt indentures as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. We are required to pledge eligible mortgage notes in an amount at least equal to the outstanding balance of our secured debt. See “Note 4—Loans” for information on pledged collateral under our secured debt agreements.

Collateral Trust Bonds

Collateral trust bonds represent secured obligations sold to investors in the capital markets. Collateral trust bonds are secured by the pledge of mortgage notes or eligible securities in an amount at least equal to the principal balance of the bonds outstanding. We issued aggregate principal amount of collateral trust bonds totaling $1,050 million with an average fixed interest rate of 5.17% and an average term of 10 years during the nine months ended February 28, 2023.

Guaranteed Underwriter Program Notes Payable

We borrowed $800 million and repaid $134 million of notes payable outstanding under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program during the nine months ended February 28, 2023. We had up to $1,025 million available for access under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program as of February 28, 2023. On December 15, 2022, we closed on a $750 million committed loan facility (“Series T”) from the Federal Financing Bank under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program. Pursuant to this facility, we may borrow any time before July 15, 2027. Each advance is subject to quarterly amortization and a final maturity not longer than 30 years from the date of the advance.

The notes outstanding under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program contain a provision that if during any portion of the fiscal year, our senior secured credit ratings do not have at least two of the following ratings: (i) A3 or higher from Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), (ii) A- or higher from S&P Global Inc. (“S&P”), (iii) A- or higher from Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) or (iv) an equivalent rating from a successor rating agency to any of the above rating agencies, we may not make cash patronage capital distributions in excess of 5% of total patronage capital. We are required to pledge eligible distribution system or power supply system loans as collateral in an amount at least equal to the total principal amount of notes outstanding under the Guaranteed Underwriter Program.

Farmer Mac Notes Payable

We have a revolving note purchase agreement with Farmer Mac under which we can borrow up to $6,000 million from Farmer Mac at any time, subject to market conditions, through June 30, 2027. The agreement has successive automatic one-year renewals beginning June 30, 2026, unless Farmer Mac provides 425 days’ written notice of non-renewal. Pursuant to this revolving note purchase agreement, we can borrow, repay and re-borrow funds at any time through maturity, as market conditions permit, provided that the outstanding principal amount at any time does not exceed the total available under the agreement. Each borrowing under the revolving note purchase agreement is evidenced by a pricing agreement setting forth the interest rate, maturity date and other related terms as we may negotiate with Farmer Mac at the time of each such borrowing. We may select a fixed rate or variable rate at the time of each advance with a maturity as determined in the applicable pricing agreement. The amount outstanding under this agreement included $3,024 million of long-term debt as of February 28, 2023. We borrowed $400 million in long-term notes payable under the Farmer Mac note purchase agreement during the nine months ended February 28, 2023. The amount available for borrowing totaled $2,476 million as of February 28, 2023. Subsequent to the quarter ended February 28, 2023, we borrowed $150 million in long-term notes payable under the Farmer Mac note purchase agreement.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Unsecured Debt

Long-term unsecured debt of $6,462 million and $5,494 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, represented 27% and 25% of long-term debt outstanding as of each respective date. The increase in long-term unsecured debt of $968 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2023 was primarily attributable to dealer medium-term notes issuances, as described below, partially offset by dealer medium-term notes repayments.

Medium-Term Notes

Medium-term notes present unsecured obligations that may be issued through dealers in the capital markets or directly to our members. We issued aggregate principal amount of dealer medium-term notes totaling $1,700 million with an average fixed interest rate of 4.87% and an average term of four years during the nine months ended February 28, 2023.

See “Note 7—Long-Term Debt” in our 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on our various long-term debt product types.


NOTE 8—SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE DEBT

Subordinated deferrable debt represents long-term debt that is subordinated to all debt other than subordinated certificates held by our members. We had subordinated deferrable debt outstanding of $987 million as of February 28, 2023, unchanged from May 31, 2022. See “Note 8—Subordinated Deferrable Debt” in our 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on the terms and conditions, including maturity and call dates, of our subordinated deferrable debt outstanding.


NOTE 9—DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

We are an end user of derivative financial instruments and do not engage in derivative trading. Derivatives may be privately negotiated contracts, which are often referred to as over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, or they may be listed and traded on an exchange. We generally engage in OTC derivative transactions. Our derivative instruments are an integral part of our interest rate risk-management strategy. Our principal purpose in using derivatives is to manage our aggregate interest rate risk profile within prescribed risk parameters. The derivative instruments we use primarily consist of interest rate swaps, which we typically hold to maturity. In addition, we may use treasury locks to manage the interest rate risk associated with future debt issuance or debt that is scheduled to reprice in the future. We provide a discussion of our accounting for derivatives policy in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Notional Amount of Derivatives Not Designated as Accounting Hedges

The notional amount is used only as the basis on which interest payments are determined and is not the amount exchanged, nor recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. The following table shows, by derivative instrument type, the notional amount, the weighted-average rate paid and the weighted-average interest rate received for our interest rate swaps as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. For the substantial majority of interest rate swap agreements, a LIBOR index is currently used as the basis for determining variable interest payment amounts each period.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 9.1: Derivative Notional Amount and Weighted Average Rates


	February 28, 2023						May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Weighted- Average Rate Paid		Weighted- Average Rate Received		Notional Amount		Weighted- Average Rate Paid		Weighted- Average Rate Received
Pay-fixed swaps	$	5,589,869	2.70	%	4.81	%	$	5,957,631	2.60	%	1.24	%
Receive-fixed swaps	1,700,000		5.57		2.97		1,980,000		1.53		2.86
Total interest rate swaps	7,289,869		3.37		4.38		7,937,631		2.33		1.64
Forward pay-fixed swaps	160,845						124,000
Total interest rate swaps	$	7,450,714					$	8,061,631

Cash Flow Hedges

During the nine months ended February 28, 2023, we executed three treasury lock agreements with a total aggregate notional amount of $400 million to hedge interest rate risk by locking in the underlying U.S. Treasury interest rate component of interest rate payments on anticipated debt issuances. The treasury locks were designated and qualified as cash flow hedges. We terminated these treasury locks in February 2023 and we recorded a net settlement gain of $7 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), which will be reclassified into interest expense over the term that the hedged debt transaction affects earnings. We did not have any derivatives designated as accounting hedges as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following table displays the fair value of the derivative assets and derivative liabilities, by derivatives type, recorded on our consolidated balance sheets and the related outstanding notional amount as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 9.2: Derivative Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value


	February 28, 2023				May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Notional Amount (1)		Fair Value		Notional Amount (1)
Derivative assets:

Interest rate swaps	$	554,610	$	5,236,910	$	222,042	$	4,791,699
Total derivative assets	$	554,610	$	5,236,910	$	222,042	$	4,791,699

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate swaps	$	131,075	$	2,213,804	$	128,282	$	3,269,932
Total derivative liabilities	$	131,075	$	2,213,804	$	128,282	$	3,269,932

____________________________

(1) The notional amount includes $161 million and $124 million notional amount of forward starting swaps, as shown above in Table 9.1: Derivative Notional Amount and Weighted-Average Rates, with an effective start date subsequent to February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, outstanding as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value of these swaps as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022 is included in the above table and in our consolidated financial statements.

All of our master swap agreements include netting provisions that allow for offsetting of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event of default by one of the two parties. However, we report derivative asset and liability amounts on a gross basis by individual contract. The following table presents the gross fair value of derivative assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, and provides information on the impact of netting provisions under our master swap agreements and collateral pledged, if any.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 9.3: Derivative Gross and Net Amounts


	February 28, 2023
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets/ Liabilities		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(Dollars in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
Derivative assets:

Interest rate swaps	$	554,610	$	—	$	554,610	$	129,010	$	—	$	425,600

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate swaps	131,075		—		131,075		129,010		—		2,065


	May 31, 2022
	Gross Amount of Recognized Assets/ Liabilities		Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amount of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet		Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(Dollars in thousands)							Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	222,042	$	—	$	222,042	$	103,228	$	—	$	118,814

Derivative liabilities:

Interest rate swaps	128,282		—		128,282		103,228		—		25,054

Impact of Derivatives on Consolidated Statements of Operations

The primary factors affecting the fair value of our derivatives and the derivative gains (losses) recorded in our consolidated statements of operations include changes in interest rates, the shape of the swap curve and the composition of our derivative portfolio. We generally record derivative losses when interest rates decline and derivative gains when interest rates rise, as our derivative portfolio consists of a higher proportion of pay-fixed swaps than receive-fixed swaps.

The following table presents the components of the derivative gains (losses) reported in our consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022. Derivative cash settlements interest expense represents the net periodic contractual interest amount for our interest-rate swaps during the reporting period. Derivative forward value gains (losses) represent the change in fair value of our interest rate swaps during the reporting period due to changes in expected future interest rates over the remaining life of our derivative contracts. We classify the derivative cash settlement amounts for the net periodic contractual interest expense on our interest rate swaps as an operating activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Table 9.4: Derivative Gains (Losses)


	Three Months Ended February 28,				Nine Months Ended February 28,
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Derivative gains (losses) attributable to:
Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)	$	18,634	$	(26,212)	$	12,650	$	(79,727)
Derivative forward value gains	83,674		195,492		330,035		122,930
Derivative gains	$	102,308	$	169,280	$	342,685	$	43,203

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features

Our derivative contracts typically contain mutual early-termination provisions, generally in the form of a credit rating trigger. Under the mutual credit rating trigger provisions, either counterparty may, but is not obligated to, terminate and settle the agreement if the credit rating of the other counterparty falls below a level specified in the agreement. If a derivative contract is terminated, the amount to be received or paid by us would be equal to the prevailing fair value, as defined in the agreement, as of the termination date.

During the current quarter, Moody’s, S&P and Fitch affirmed CFC’s credit ratings and stable outlook. Our senior unsecured credit ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch were A2, A- and A, respectively, as of February 28, 2023. Moody’s, S&P and Fitch had our ratings on stable outlook as of February 28, 2023. Our credit ratings and outlook remain unchanged as of the date of this Report.

The following table displays the notional amounts of our derivative contracts with rating triggers as of February 28, 2023, and the payments that would be required if the contracts were terminated as of that date because of a downgrade of our unsecured credit ratings or the counterparty’s unsecured credit ratings below A3/A-, below Baa1/BBB+, to or below Baa2/BBB, or to or below Ba2/BB+ by Moody’s or S&P, respectively. In calculating the payment amounts that would be required upon termination of the derivative contracts, we assume that amounts for each counterparty would be netted in accordance with the provisions of the master netting agreements with the counterparty. The net payment amounts are based on the fair value of the underlying derivative instrument, excluding the credit risk valuation adjustment, plus any unpaid accrued interest amounts.

Table 9.5: Derivative Credit Rating Trigger Exposure


(Dollars in thousands)	Notional Amount		Payable Due from CFC		Receivable Due to CFC		Net Receivable (Payable)
Impact of rating downgrade trigger:
Falls below A3/A-(1)	$	30,930	$	(1,292)	$	—	$	(1,292)
Falls below Baa1/BBB+	4,992,690		(999)		273,349		272,350
Falls to or below Baa2/BBB (2)	319,439		—		22,018		22,018

Total	$	5,343,059	$	(2,291)	$	295,367	$	293,076

____________________________

(1) Rating trigger for CFC falls below A3/A-, while rating trigger for counterparty falls below Baa1/BBB+ by Moody’s or S&P, respectively.

(2) Rating trigger for CFC falls to or below Baa2/BBB, while rating trigger for counterparty falls to or below Ba2/BB+ by Moody’s or S&P, respectively.

We have interest rate swaps with one counterparty that are subject to a ratings trigger and early termination provision in the event of a downgrade of CFC’s senior unsecured credit ratings below Baa3, BBB- or BBB- by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch, respectively. The outstanding notional amount of these swaps, which is not included in the above table, totaled $229 million as of February 28, 2023. These swaps were in an unrealized gain position of $30 million as of February 28, 2023.

Our largest counterparty exposure, based on the outstanding notional amount, accounted for approximately 25% and 24% of the total outstanding notional amount of derivatives as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. The aggregate fair value amount, including the credit valuation adjustment, of all interest rate swaps with rating triggers that were in a net liability position was $2 million as of February 28, 2023.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


NOTE 10—EQUITY

Total equity increased $461 million to $2,603 million as of February 28, 2023, attributable primarily to our reported net income of $515 million for the nine months ended February 28, 2023, partially offset by the patronage capital retirement of $59 million authorized by the CFC Board of Directors in July 2022.

Allocation of Net Earnings and Retirement of Patronage Capital

In May 2022, the CFC Board of Directors authorized the allocation of $1 million of net earnings for fiscal year 2022 to the cooperative educational fund. In July 2022, the CFC Board of Directors authorized the allocation of net earnings for fiscal year 2022 as follows: $89 million to members in the form of patronage capital and $153 million to the members’ capital reserve. The amount of patronage capital allocated each year by CFC’s Board of Directors is based on adjusted net income, which excludes the impact of derivative forward value gains (losses). See “MD&A—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for information on adjusted net income.

In July 2022, the CFC Board of Directors also authorized the retirement of allocated net earnings totaling $59 million, of which $44 million represented 50% of the patronage capital allocation for fiscal year 2022 and $15 million represented the portion of the allocation from net earnings for fiscal year 1997 that has been held for 25 years pursuant to the CFC Board of Directors’ policy. The authorized patronage capital retirement amount of $59 million was returned to members in cash in September 2022. The remaining portion of the patronage capital allocation for fiscal year 2022 will be retained by CFC for 25 years pursuant to the current guidelines adopted by the CFC Board of Directors in June 2009.

See “Note 11—Equity” in our 2022 Form 10-K for additional information on our policy for allocation and retirement of patronage capital.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents, by component, changes in AOCI for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022 and the balance of each component as of the end of each respective period.

Table 10.1: Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)


	Three Months Ended February 28,
	2023						2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains on Derivative Hedges(1)		Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plans(2)		Total		Unrealized Gains on Derivative Hedges(1)		Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plans(2)		Total
Beginning balance	$	4,745	$	(2,665)	$	2,080	$	5,506	$	(1,600)	$	3,906
Changes in unrealized gains	6,691		—		6,691		—		—		—
Realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings	(177)		100		(77)		(192)		72		(120)
Ending balance	$	11,259	$	(2,565)	$	8,694	$	5,314	$	(1,528)	$	3,786

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended February 28,
	2023						2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Gains on Derivative Hedges(1)		Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plans(2)		Total		Unrealized Gains on Derivative Hedges(1)		Unrealized Losses on Defined Benefit Plans(2)		Total
Beginning balance	$	5,123	$	(2,865)	$	2,258	$	1,718	$	(1,743)	$	(25)
Changes in unrealized gains	6,691		—		6,691		4,028		—		4,028
Realized (gains) losses reclassified to earnings	(555)		300		(255)		(432)		215		(217)
Ending balance	$	11,259	$	(2,565)	$	8,694	$	5,314	$	(1,528)	$	3,786

____________________________

(1) Of the derivative gains reclassified to earnings, a portion is reclassified as a component of the derivative gains (losses) line item and the remainder is reclassified as a component of the interest expense line item on our consolidated statements of operations.

(2) Reclassified to earnings as component of the other non-interest expense line item presented on our consolidated statements of operations.

See “Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” for discussion on our derivatives designated as accounting hedges. We expect to reclassify realized gains of $1 million attributable to derivative cash flow hedges from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months.


NOTE 11—GUARANTEES

We guarantee certain contractual obligations of our members so they may obtain various forms of financing. We use the same credit policies and monitoring procedures in providing guarantees as we do for loans and commitments. If a member system defaults on its obligation to pay debt service, then we are obligated to pay any required amounts under our guarantees. Meeting our guarantee obligations satisfies the underlying obligation of our member systems and prevents the exercise of remedies by the guarantee beneficiary based upon a payment default by a member system. In general, the member system is required to repay any amount advanced by us with interest, pursuant to the documents evidencing the member system’s reimbursement obligation.

The following table displays the notional amount of our outstanding guarantee obligations, by guarantee type and by member class, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 11.1: Guarantees Outstanding by Type and Member Class


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Guarantee type:
Long-term tax-exempt bonds(1)	$	99,600	$	122,150
Letters of credit(2)(3)	516,042		450,354
Other guarantees	160,165		158,279
Total	$	775,807	$	730,783

Member class:
CFC:
Distribution	$	350,864	$	314,925
Power supply	379,834		378,516
Statewide and associate(4)	17,145		13,372
CFC total	747,843		706,813
NCSC	27,964		23,970

Total	$	775,807	$	730,783

____________________________

(1)Represents the outstanding principal amount of long-term variable-rate guaranteed bonds.

(2)Reflects our maximum potential exposure for letters of credit.

(3)Under a hybrid letter of credit facility we had $31 million of commitments that may be used for the issuance of letters of credit as of February 28, 2023.

(4)Includes CFC guarantees to NCSC and RTFC members totaling $16 million and $11 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

We had guarantees outstanding totaling $776 million and $731 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively. Guarantees under which our right of recovery from our members was not secured totaled $501 million and $466 million and represented 65% and 64% of total guarantees as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively.

Long-term tax-exempt bonds of $100 million and $122 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, consist of adjustable or variable-rate bonds that may be converted to a fixed rate as specified in the applicable indenture for each bond offering. We are unable to determine the maximum amount of interest that we may be required to pay related to the remaining adjustable and variable-rate bonds. Many of these bonds have a call provision that allows us to call the bond in the event of a default, which would limit our exposure to future interest payments on these bonds. Our maximum potential exposure generally is secured by mortgage liens on the members’ assets and future revenue. If a member’s debt is accelerated because of a determination that the interest thereon is not tax-exempt, the member’s obligation to reimburse us for any guarantee payments will be treated as a long-term loan. The maturities for long-term tax-exempt bonds and the related guarantees extend through calendar year 2037.

Of the outstanding letters of credit of $516 million and $450 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, $151 million and $118 million were secured at each respective date. The maturities for the outstanding letters of credit as of February 28, 2023 extend through calendar year 2041.

In addition to the letters of credit listed in the table above, under master letter of credit facilities in place as of February 28, 2023, we may be required to issue up to an additional $100 million in letters of credit to third parties for the benefit of our members. All of our master letter of credit facilities were subject to material adverse change clauses at the time of issuance as of February 28, 2023. Prior to issuing a letter of credit, we would confirm that there has been no material adverse change in the business or condition, financial or otherwise, of the borrower since the master letter of credit facility was approved and confirm that the borrower is currently in compliance with the terms and conditions of the agreement governing the facility.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The maximum potential exposure for other guarantees was $160 million and $158 million as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, respectively, of which $25 million was secured as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The maturities for these other guarantees listed in the table above extend through calendar year 2025.

In addition to the guarantees described above, we were also the liquidity provider for $100 million of variable-rate tax-exempt bonds as of February 28, 2023, issued for our member cooperatives. While the bonds are in variable-rate mode, in return for a fee, we have unconditionally agreed to purchase bonds tendered or put for redemption if the remarketing agents are unable to sell such bonds to other investors. We were not required to perform as liquidity provider pursuant to these obligations during the nine months ended February 28, 2023 or the prior fiscal year.

Guarantee Liability

We recorded a total guarantee liability for noncontingent and contingent exposures related to guarantees and liquidity obligations of $13 million as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The noncontingent guarantee liability, which pertains to our obligation to stand ready to perform over the term of our guarantees and liquidity obligations we have entered into or modified since January 1, 2003 and accounts for the substantial majority of our guarantee liability, totaled $12 million as of both February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The remaining amount pertains to our contingent guarantee exposures.


NOTE 12—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Fair value, also referred to as an exit price, is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value accounting guidance provides a three-level fair value hierarchy for classifying financial instruments. This hierarchy is based on the markets in which the assets or liabilities trade and whether the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. The fair value measurement of a financial asset or liability is assigned a level based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The levels, in priority order based on the extent to which observable inputs are available to measure fair value, are Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3. The accounting guidance for fair value measurements requires that we maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in determining fair value.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of all of our financial instruments, including those carried at amortized cost, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022. The table also displays the classification level within the fair value hierarchy based on the degree of observability of the inputs used in the valuation technique for estimating fair value.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 12.1: Fair Value of Financial Instruments


	February 28, 2023				Fair Value Measurement Level
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,962	$	172,962	$	172,962	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	7,298		7,298		7,298		—		—

Equity securities, at fair value	38,002		38,002		38,002		—		—
Debt securities trading, at fair value	549,124		549,124		—		549,124		—

Deferred compensation investments	6,377		6,377		6,377		—		—
Loans to members, net	32,325,532		28,703,674		—		—		28,703,674
Accrued interest receivable	161,856		161,856		—		161,856		—
Derivative assets	554,610		554,610		—		554,610		—
Total financial assets	$	33,815,761	$	30,193,903	$	224,639	$	1,265,590	$	28,703,674

Liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	4,899,631	$	4,900,240	$	—	$	4,400,240	$	500,000
Long-term debt	23,831,978		22,202,369		—		13,323,038		8,879,331
Accrued interest payable	233,690		233,690		—		233,690		—
Guarantee liability	12,628		11,940		—		—		11,940
Derivative liabilities	131,075		131,075		—		131,075		—
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,678		952,901		235,157		717,744		—
Members’ subordinated certificates	1,223,415		1,223,415		—		—		1,223,415
Total financial liabilities	$	31,319,095	$	29,655,630	$	235,157	$	18,805,787	$	10,614,686


	May 31, 2022				Fair Value Measurement Level
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	153,551	$	153,551	$	153,551	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash	7,563		7,563		7,563		—		—

Equity securities, at fair value	33,758		33,758		33,758		—		—
Debt securities trading, at fair value	566,146		566,146		—		566,146		—

Deferred compensation investments	6,710		6,710		6,710		—		—
Loans to members, net	29,995,826		28,595,111		—		—		28,595,111
Accrued interest receivable	111,418		111,418		—		111,418		—
Derivative assets	222,042		222,042		—		222,042		—
Total financial assets	$	31,097,014	$	29,696,299	$	201,582	$	899,606	$	28,595,111

Liabilities:
Short-term borrowings	$	4,981,167	$	4,978,580	$	—	$	4,978,580	$	—
Long-term debt	21,545,440		21,106,750		—		12,248,695		8,858,055
Accrued interest payable	131,950		131,950		—		131,950		—
Guarantee liability	12,764		13,083		—		—		13,083
Derivative liabilities	128,282		128,282		—		128,282		—
Subordinated deferrable debt	986,518		960,869		250,800		710,069		—
Members’ subordinated certificates	1,234,161		1,234,161		—		—		1,234,161
Total financial liabilities	$	29,020,282	$	28,553,675	$	250,800	$	18,197,576	$	10,105,299

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

For additional information regarding fair value measurements, the fair value hierarchy and a description of the methodologies we use to estimate fair value, see “Note 14—Fair Value Measurement” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Transfers Between Levels

We monitor the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy and transfer between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 accordingly. Observable market data includes but is not limited to quoted prices and market transactions. Changes in economic conditions or market liquidity generally will drive changes in availability of observable market data. Changes in availability of observable market data, which also may result in changes in the valuation technique used, are generally the cause of transfers between levels. We did not have any transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of financial instruments reported in our consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022, and the classification of the valuation technique within the fair value hierarchy. We did not have any assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs during the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022.

Table 12.2: Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis


	February 28, 2023						May 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Assets:
Equity securities, at fair value	$	38,002	$	—	$	38,002	$	33,758	$	—	$	33,758
Debt securities trading, at fair value	—		549,124		549,124		—		566,146		566,146
Deferred compensation investments	6,377		—		6,377		6,710		—		6,710
Derivative assets	—		554,610		554,610		—		222,042		222,042

Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	131,075	$	131,075	$	—	$	128,282	$	128,282

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on our consolidated balance sheets. These assets and liabilities are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as in the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or when we evaluate assets for impairment. We did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the nine months ended February 28, 2023. We had certain loans measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the nine months ended February 28, 2022, which were repaid in full in November 2021.


NOTE 13—VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

NCSC and RTFC meet the definition of a VIE because they do not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance their activities without financial support. CFC is the primary source of funding for NCSC and the sole source of funding for RTFC. Under the terms of management agreements with each company, CFC manages the business operations of NCSC and RTFC. CFC also unconditionally guarantees full indemnification for any loan losses of NCSC and RTFC pursuant to

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

guarantee agreements with each company. CFC earns management and guarantee fees from its agreements with NCSC and RTFC.

All loans that require NCSC board approval also require CFC board approval. CFC is not a member of NCSC and does not elect directors to the NCSC board. If CFC becomes a member of NCSC, it would control the nomination process for one NCSC director. NCSC members elect directors to the NCSC board based on one vote for each member. NCSC is a Class C member of CFC. All loans that require RTFC board approval also require approval by CFC for funding under RTFC’s credit facilities with CFC. CFC is not a member of RTFC and does not elect directors to the RTFC board. RTFC is a non-voting associate of CFC. RTFC members elect directors to the RTFC board based on one vote for each member.

NCSC and RTFC creditors have no recourse against CFC in the event of a default by NCSC and RTFC, unless there is a guarantee agreement under which CFC has guaranteed NCSC or RTFC debt obligations to a third party. The following table provides information on incremental consolidated assets and liabilities of VIEs included in CFC’s consolidated financial statements, after intercompany eliminations, as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 13.1: Consolidated Assets and Liabilities of Variable Interest Entities


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
Assets:
Loans outstanding	$	1,470,160	$	1,178,479
Other assets	14,588		9,672
Total assets	$	1,484,748	$	1,188,151

Liabilities:


Total liabilities	$	19,577	$	22,958

The following table provides information on CFC’s credit commitments to NCSC and RTFC and potential exposure to loss under these commitments as of February 28, 2023 and May 31, 2022.

Table 13.2: CFC Exposure Under Credit Commitments to NCSC and RTFC


(Dollars in thousands)	February 28, 2023		May 31, 2022
CFC credit commitments to NCSC and RTFC:
Total CFC credit commitments	$	5,500,000	$	5,500,000

Outstanding commitments:
Borrowings payable to CFC(1)	1,456,045		1,158,583
Credit enhancements:
CFC third-party guarantees	27,964		23,970
Other credit enhancements	1,541		4,044
Total credit enhancements(2)	29,505		28,014
Total outstanding commitments	1,485,550		1,186,597
CFC credit commitments available(3)	$	4,014,450	$	4,313,403

____________________________

(1) Intercompany borrowings payable by NCSC and RTFC to CFC are eliminated in consolidation.

(2) Excludes interest due on these instruments.

(3) Represents total CFC credit commitments less outstanding commitments as of each period end.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Under a loan and security agreement with CFC, NCSC has access to a $1,500 million revolving line of credit and a $1,500 million revolving term loan from CFC, which mature in 2067. Under a loan and security agreement with CFC, RTFC has access to a $1,000 million revolving line of credit and a $1,500 million revolving term loan from CFC, which mature in 2067. CFC loans to NCSC and RTFC are secured by all assets and revenue of NCSC and RTFC. CFC’s maximum potential exposure, including interest due, for the credit enhancements totaled $30 million as of February 28, 2023. The maturities for obligations guaranteed by CFC extend through 2031.


NOTE 14—BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our activities are conducted through three operating segments, which are based on each of the legal entities included in our consolidated financial statements: CFC, NCSC and RTFC. We report segment information for CFC separately; however, we aggregate segment information for NCSC and RTFC into one reportable segment because neither entity meets the quantitative materiality threshold for separate reporting under the accounting guidance governing segment reporting. We present the results of our business segments on the basis in which management internally evaluates operating performance to establish short- and long-term performance goals, develop budgets and forecasts, identify potential trends, allocate resources and make compensation decisions. We describe the business segment reporting methodology in “Note 16—Business Segments” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Segment Results and Reconciliation

The following tables display segment results of operations for the three and nine months ended February 28, 2023 and 2022, assets attributable to each segment as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 and a reconciliation of total segment amounts to our consolidated total amounts.

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Table 14.1: Business Segment Information


	Three Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segments Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Results of operations:
Interest income	$	350,914	$	17,915	$	368,829	$	—	$	(15,537)	$	353,292
Interest expense	(281,706)		(15,540)		(297,246)		—		15,537		(281,709)
Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)	18,680		(46)		18,634		(18,634)		—		—
Interest expense	(263,026)		(15,586)		(278,612)		(18,634)		15,537		(281,709)
Net interest income	87,888		2,329		90,217		(18,634)		—		71,583
Provision (benefit) for credit losses	11,318		(15)		11,303		—		15		11,318
Net interest income after provision (benefit) for credit losses	99,206		2,314		101,520		(18,634)		15		82,901
Non-interest income:
Fee and other income	7,004		828		7,832		—		(2,506)		5,326
Derivative gains:
Derivative cash settlements interest income	—		—		—		18,634		—		18,634
Derivative forward value gains	—		—		—		83,674		—		83,674
Derivative gains	—		—		—		102,308		—		102,308
Investment securities losses	(1,402)		—		(1,402)		—		—		(1,402)
Total non-interest income	5,602		828		6,430		102,308		(2,506)		106,232
Non-interest expense:
General and administrative expenses	(24,570)		(2,766)		(27,336)		—		2,021		(25,315)

Other non-interest expense	(297)		(471)		(768)		—		470		(298)
Total non-interest expense	(24,867)		(3,237)		(28,104)		—		2,491		(25,613)
Income (loss) before income taxes	79,941		(95)		79,846		83,674		—		163,520
Income tax provision	—		(303)		(303)		—		—		(303)
Net income (loss)	$	79,941	$	(398)	$	79,543	$	83,674	$	—	$	163,217

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended February 28, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segments Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Results of operations:
Interest income	$	283,162	$	10,817	$	293,979	$	—	$	(8,773)	$	285,206
Interest expense	(173,654)		(8,773)		(182,427)		—		8,773		(173,654)
Derivative cash settlements interest expense	(25,802)		(410)		(26,212)		26,212		—		—
Interest expense	(199,456)		(9,183)		(208,639)		26,212		8,773		(173,654)
Net interest income	83,706		1,634		85,340		26,212		—		111,552
Benefit for credit losses	12,749		2		12,751		—		(2)		12,749
Net interest income after benefit for credit losses	96,455		1,636		98,091		26,212		(2)		124,301
Non-interest income:
Fee and other income	5,590		685		6,275		—		(2,005)		4,270
Derivative gains:
Derivative cash settlements interest expense	—		—		—		(26,212)		—		(26,212)
Derivative forward value gains	—		—		—		195,492		—		195,492
Derivative gains	—		—		—		169,280		—		169,280
Investment securities losses	(11,621)		—		(11,621)		—		—		(11,621)
Total non-interest income	(6,031)		685		(5,346)		169,280		(2,005)		161,929
Non-interest expense:
General and administrative expenses	(22,690)		(1,984)		(24,674)		—		1,595		(23,079)

Other non-interest expense	(843)		(412)		(1,255)		—		412		(843)
Total non-interest expense	(23,533)		(2,396)		(25,929)		—		2,007		(23,922)
Income (loss) before income taxes	66,891		(75)		66,816		195,492		—		262,308
Income tax provision	—		(343)		(343)		—		—		(343)
Net income (loss)	$	66,891	$	(418)	$	66,473	$	195,492	$	—	$	261,965

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segments Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Results of operations:
Interest income	$	978,150	$	42,914	$	1,021,064	$	—	$	(36,600)	$	984,464
Interest expense	(736,618)		(36,603)		(773,221)		—		36,600		(736,621)
Derivative cash settlements interest income (expense)	13,090		(440)		12,650		(12,650)		—		—
Interest expense	(723,528)		(37,043)		(760,571)		(12,650)		36,600		(736,621)
Net interest income	254,622		5,871		260,493		(12,650)		—		247,843
Provision for credit losses	(3,806)		(1,296)		(5,102)		—		1,296		(3,806)
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	250,816		4,575		255,391		(12,650)		1,296		244,037
Non-interest income:
Fee and other income	18,696		3,442		22,138		—		(8,590)		13,548
Derivative gains:
Derivative cash settlements interest income	—		—		—		12,650		—		12,650
Derivative forward value gains	—		—		—		330,035		—		330,035
Derivative gains	—		—		—		342,685		—		342,685
Investment securities losses	(5,574)		—		(5,574)		—		—		(5,574)
Total non-interest income	13,122		3,442		16,564		342,685		(8,590)		350,659
Non-interest expense:
General and administrative expenses	(76,183)		(7,976)		(84,159)		—		6,078		(78,081)

Other non-interest expense	(973)		(1,218)		(2,191)		—		1,216		(975)
Total non-interest expense	(77,156)		(9,194)		(86,350)		—		7,294		(79,056)
Income (loss) before income taxes	186,782		(1,177)		185,605		330,035		—		515,640
Income tax provision	—		(785)		(785)		—		—		(785)
Net income (loss)	$	186,782	$	(1,962)	$	184,820	$	330,035	$	—	$	514,855

	February 28, 2023
	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segments Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Assets:
Total loans outstanding	$	32,355,116	$	1,470,160	$	33,825,276	$	—	$	(1,456,045)	$	32,369,231
Deferred loan origination costs	12,598		—		12,598		—		—		12,598
Loans to members	32,367,714		1,470,160		33,837,874		—		(1,456,045)		32,381,829
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(56,297)		(4,031)		(60,328)		—		4,031		(56,297)
Loans to members, net	32,311,417		1,466,129		33,777,546		—		(1,452,014)		32,325,532
Other assets	1,661,392		98,919		1,760,311		—		(84,331)		1,675,980
Total assets	$	33,972,809	$	1,565,048	$	35,537,857	$	—	$	(1,536,345)	$	34,001,512

NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)


	Nine Months Ended February 28, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segments Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Results of operations:
Interest income	$	845,600	$	32,243	$	877,843	$	—	$	(26,217)	$	851,626
Interest expense	(522,027)		(26,217)		(548,244)		—		26,217		(522,027)
Derivative cash settlements interest expense	(78,480)		(1,247)		(79,727)		79,727		—		—
Interest expense	(600,507)		(27,464)		(627,971)		79,727		26,217		(522,027)
Net interest income	245,093		4,779		249,872		79,727		—		329,599
Benefit for credit losses	12,146		2,859		15,005		—		(2,859)		12,146
Net interest income after benefit for credit losses	257,239		7,638		264,877		79,727		(2,859)		341,745
Non-interest income:
Fee and other income (expense)	17,006		(243)		16,763		—		(3,721)		13,042
Derivative gains:
Derivative cash settlements interest expense	—		—		—		(79,727)		—		(79,727)
Derivative forward value gains	—		—		—		122,930		—		122,930
Derivative gains	—		—		—		43,203		—		43,203
Investment securities losses	(18,190)		—		(18,190)		—		—		(18,190)
Total non-interest income	(1,184)		(243)		(1,427)		43,203		(3,721)		38,055
Non-interest expense:
General and administrative expenses	(69,060)		(6,110)		(75,170)		—		4,786		(70,384)

Other non-interest expense	(1,530)		(1,794)		(3,324)		—		1,794		(1,530)
Total non-interest expense	(70,590)		(7,904)		(78,494)		—		6,580		(71,914)
Income (loss) before income taxes	185,465		(509)		184,956		122,930		—		307,886
Income tax provision	—		(524)		(524)		—		—		(524)
Net income (loss)	$	185,465	$	(1,033)	$	184,432	$	122,930	$	—	$	307,362

	February 28, 2022
	CFC		NCSC and RTFC		Segment Total		Reclasses and Adjustments(1)		Intersegment Eliminations(2)		Consolidated Total
Assets:
Total loans outstanding	$	29,487,207	$	1,187,887	$	30,675,094	$	—	$	(1,166,731)	$	29,508,363
Deferred loan origination costs	12,018				12,018		—		—		12,018
Loans to members	29,499,225		1,187,887		30,687,112		—		(1,166,731)		29,520,381
Less: Allowance for credit losses	(73,386)		(3,210)		(76,596)		—		3,210		(73,386)
Loans to members, net	29,425,839		1,184,677		30,610,516		—		(1,163,521)		29,446,995
Other assets	1,027,433		96,117		1,123,550		—		(87,023)		1,036,527
Total assets	$	30,453,272	$	1,280,794	$	31,734,066	$	—	$	(1,250,544)	$	30,483,522

____________________________

(1)Consists of (i) the reclassification of net periodic derivative settlement interest expense amounts, which we report as a component of interest expense for business segment reporting purposes but is included in derivatives gains (losses) in our consolidated total results and (ii) derivative forward value gains and losses, which we exclude from our business segment results but is included in derivatives gains (losses) in our consolidated total results.

(2)Consists of intercompany borrowings payable by NCSC and RTFC to CFC and the interest related to those borrowings, management fees paid by NCSC and RTFC to CFC and other intercompany amounts, all of which are eliminated in consolidation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see “Part I—Item 2. MD&A—Market Risk” and “Note 9—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation process, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended February 28, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, CFC is subject to certain legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, including litigation with borrowers related to enforcement or collection actions. Management presently believes that the ultimate outcome of these proceedings, individually and in the aggregate, will not materially harm our financial position, liquidity or results of operations. CFC establishes reserves for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Accordingly, no reserve has been recorded with respect to any legal proceedings at this time.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are subject to various risks and uncertainties, some of which are inherent in the financial services industry and others of which are more specific to our own business. We identify and discuss the most significant risk factors of which we are currently aware that could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity in the section “Part I—Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2022 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on August 8, 2022. We are not aware of any material changes in the risk factors identified in our 2022 Form 10-K. However, other risks and uncertainties, including those not currently known to us, could also negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Therefore, the risk factors identified and discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K should not be considered a complete discussion of all the risks and uncertainties we may face. For information on how we manage our key risks, see “Item 7. MD&A—Enterprise Risk Management” in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are incorporated by reference or filed as part of this Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description
31.1*	—	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	—	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1†	—	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2†	—	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	—	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	—	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
104	—	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________________________

* Filed herewith this Report.

† Furnished with this Report, which shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


NATIONAL RURAL UTILITIES
COOPERATIVE FINANCE CORPORATION

Date: April 12, 2023


By:			/s/ YU LING WANG
			Yu Ling Wang
			Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

By:

/s/ PANKAJ SHAH

Pankaj Shah

Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)

100