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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒     QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2023

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 000-55522

NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware									47-3339380
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)									(IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

10801 N. Mopac Expy Bldg 3

Austin,

Texas

78759

(512)

836-1010

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(Telephone Number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

Title of each class to be so registered:

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which each class is to be registered:

Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value

NWLI

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:   Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). : Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definition of "accelerated filer." "large accelerated filer," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐  Accelerated filer ☒    Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  ☐  Smaller reporting company ☐  Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐    No ☒

As of August 7, 2023, the number of shares of Registrant's common stock outstanding was: Class A – 3,436,020 and  Class B - 200,000.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
			Page
Part I.  Financial Information:			3
Item 1.  Financial Statements			3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (Unaudited)			3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			8
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			9
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			11
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)			13
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)			15
Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			101
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			144
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures			144
Part II.  Other Information:			146
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings			146
Item 1A.  Risk Factors			146
Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			146
Item 4.  Removed and Reserved			146
Item 6.  Exhibits			146
Signatures			147

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

ASSETS			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Investments:
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value (cost: $8,083,487 and $8,438,760)			$	7,324,100					7,611,633
Debt securities trading, at fair value (cost: $1,254,993 and $1,269,597)			1,069,625						1,065,993
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for credit losses ($3,736 and $3,575), ($19,422 and $19,334 at fair value)			495,411						505,730
Policy loans			69,123						70,495
Derivatives, index options			72,863						23,669
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: $13,986 and $14,547)			23,157						22,076
Other long-term investments			300,466						262,106
Short-term investments			7,821						3,937
Total investments			9,362,566						9,565,639
Cash and cash equivalents			291,820						295,270
Deferred policy acquisition costs (Note 1)			644,933						663,882
Deferred sales inducements (Note 1)			78,209						85,303
Value of business acquired (Note 1)			134,097						138,495
Cost of reinsurance (Note 1)			72,276						78,328
Market risk benefits asset (Note 1)			40,073						48,759
Accrued investment income			90,607						92,250
Federal income tax receivable			5,489						6,508
Deferred Federal income tax asset (Note 1)			13,822						9,032
Amounts recoverable from reinsurer, net of allowance for credit losses ($800 and $450) (Note 1)			1,611,143						1,688,788
Other assets			109,351						110,691
Total assets			$	12,454,386					12,782,945

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
LIABILITIES:
Future policyholder obligations:
Liability for policyholder account balances (Note 1)			$	7,285,129					7,661,785
Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance (Note 1)			151,787						148,708
Liability for future policy benefits (Note 1)			908,212						900,146
Market risk benefits liability (Note 1)			248,876						215,777
Other policyholder liabilities			148,113						175,089
Funds withheld liability			1,243,314						1,333,036
Other liabilities			190,755						157,482
Total liabilities			10,176,186						10,592,023
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 11)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock:
Class A - $0.01 par value; 7,500,000 shares authorized; 3,436,020 issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022			34						34
Class B - $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized, issued, and outstanding in 2023 and 2022			2						2
Additional paid-in capital			41,716						41,716
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 1)			(432,879)						(478,219)
Retained earnings (Note 1)			2,669,327						2,627,389
Total stockholders’ equity			2,278,200						2,190,922
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity			$	12,454,386					12,782,945

Note:  The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of that date.

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

			2023						2022
Premiums and other revenues:
Universal life and annuity contract charges (Note 1)			$	37,124					32,821
Traditional life and single premium immediate annuity with life contingency (SPIAWLC) premiums (Note 1)			21,228						22,641
Net investment income			122,514						55,474
Other revenues			5,285						5,578
Net realized investment gains			26						1,766
Total revenues			186,177						118,280
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits (Note 1)			32,688						26,201
Market risk benefits expense (Note 1)			(788)						(55,492)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs (Note 1)			22,000						22,500
Universal life and annuity contract interest (Note 1)			32,947						(26,198)
Other operating expenses			62,443						30,322
Total benefits and expenses			149,290						(2,667)
Earnings before Federal income taxes			36,887						120,947
Federal income taxes			7,253						24,420
Net earnings			$	29,634					96,527
Basic earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			$	8.38					27.30
Class B (Note 4)			$	4.19					13.65
Diluted earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			$	8.38					27.30
Class B (Note 4)			$	4.19					13.65

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

			2023						2022
Premiums and other revenues:
Universal life and annuity contract charges (Note 1)			$	72,481					65,618
Traditional life and single premium immediate annuity with life contingency (SPIAWLC) premiums (Note 1)			42,804						48,782
Net investment income			212,423						125,198
Other revenues			10,990						11,375
Net realized investment gains			93						5,560
Total revenues			338,791						256,533
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits (Note 1)			56,878						59,713
Market risk benefits expense (Note 1)			36,172						(116,498)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs (Note 1)			43,274						45,936
Universal life and annuity contract interest (Note 1)			63,159						(39,769)
Other operating expenses			87,126						62,903
Total benefits and expenses			286,609						12,285
Earnings before Federal income taxes			52,182						244,248
Federal income taxes			10,244						50,159
Net earnings			$	41,938					194,089
Basic earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			$	11.86					$	54.89
Class B (Note 4)			$	5.93					$	27.44
Diluted earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			$	11.86					$	54.89
Class B (Note 4)			$	5.93					$	27.44

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

			2023						2022
Net earnings			$	29,634					96,527
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of effects of taxes:
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period (Note 1)			(71,596)						(368,775)
Reclassification adjustment for net amounts included in net earnings			(36)						(1,395)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities			(71,632)						(370,170)
Effect of discount rate changes on liability for future policy benefits (Note 1)			14,344						76,256
Foreign currency translation adjustments (Note 1)			22						(20)
Benefit plans:
Amortization of net prior service cost and net gain (loss)			(399)						1,134
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(57,665)						(292,800)
Comprehensive income (loss)			$	(28,031)					(196,273)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

			2023						2022
Net earnings			$	41,938					194,089
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of effects of taxes:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period (Note 1)			53,605						(807,191)
Reclassification adjustment for net amounts included in net earnings			(89)						(4,127)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities			53,516						(811,318)
Effect of discount rate changes on liability for future policy benefits (Note 1)			(7,370)						156,288
Foreign currency translation adjustments (Note 1)			(8)						295
Benefit plans:
Amortization of net prior service cost and net gain (loss)			(798)						2,268
Other comprehensive income (loss)			45,340						(652,467)
Comprehensive income (loss)			$	87,278					(458,378)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

			2023						2022
Common stock:
Balance at beginning of period			$	36					36
Balance at end of period			36						36
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance at beginning of period			41,716						41,716
Balance at end of period			41,716						41,716
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale: (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			(528,283)						(74,039)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) during period, net of tax			(71,632)						(370,170)
Balance at end of period			(599,915)						(444,209)
Changes in the Liability for future policy benefits related to changing discount rates (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			148,987						19,911
Change in liability for future policy benefits during period, net of tax			14,344						76,256
Balance at end of period			163,331						96,167
			Continued on Next Page

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued) For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) (In thousands)
			2023						2022
Foreign currency translation adjustments: (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			6,420						6,343
Change in translation adjustments during period			22						(20)
Balance at end of period			6,442						6,323
Benefit plan liability adjustment:
Balance at beginning of period			(2,338)						(14,233)
Amortization of net prior service cost and net gain (loss), net of tax			(399)						1,134
Balance at end of period			(2,737)						(13,099)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period			(432,879)						(354,818)
Retained earnings:
Balance at beginning of period (Note 1)			2,639,693						2,479,714
Net earnings (Note 1)			29,634						96,527
Balance at end of period			2,669,327						2,576,241
Total stockholders' equity			$	2,278,200					2,263,175

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) (In thousands)
			2023						2022
Common stock:
Balance at beginning of period			$	36					36
Balance at end of period			36						36
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance at beginning of period			41,716						41,716
Balance at end of period			41,716						41,716
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available-for-sale: (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			(653,431)						367,109
Change in unrealized gains (losses) during period, net of tax			53,516						(811,318)
Balance at end of period			(599,915)						(444,209)
Changes in the Liability for future policy benefits related to changing discount rates (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			170,701						(60,121)
Change in liability for future policy benefits during period, net of tax			(7,370)						156,288
Balance at end of period			163,331						96,167
Foreign currency translation adjustments: (Note 1)
Balance at beginning of period			6,450						6,028
Change in translation adjustments during period			(8)						295
Balance at end of period			6,442						6,323
			Continued on Next Page

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (continued) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) (In thousands)
			2023						2022
Benefit plan liability adjustment:
Balance at beginning of period			(1,939)						(15,367)
Amortization of net prior service cost and net gain (loss), net of tax			(798)						2,268
Balance at end of period			(2,737)						(13,099)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period			(432,879)						(354,818)
Retained earnings:
Balance at beginning of period (Note 1)			2,627,389						2,382,152
Net earnings (Note 1)			41,938						194,089
Balance at end of period			2,669,327						2,576,241
Total stockholders' equity			$	2,278,200					2,263,175

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

			2023						2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings			$	41,938					194,089
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities:
Universal life and annuity contract interest (Note 1)			63,159						(39,769)
Surrender charges and other policy revenues			(12,506)						(9,761)
Realized (gains) losses on investments			(93)						(5,560)
Accretion/amortization of discounts and premiums, investments			(1,756)						(1,734)
Depreciation and amortization			5,107						6,896
Increase (decrease) in estimated credit losses on investments			161						(413)
(Increase) decrease in value of debt securities trading			(18,236)						156,791
(Increase) decrease in value of equity securities			(2,357)						4,600
(Increase) decrease in value of derivative options			(23,854)						76,624
(Increase) decrease in deferred policy acquisition and sales inducement costs, and value of business acquired (Note 1)			30,441						11,852
(Increase) decrease in accrued investment income			1,643						(526)
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance recoverable (Note 1)			77,645						131,373
(Increase) decrease in cost of reinsurance			6,052						5,511
(Increase) decrease in other assets (Note 1)			(14,493)						443
Increase (decrease) in liabilities for future policy benefits (Note 1)			21,730						(15,654)
Increase (decrease) in market risk benefits liability (Note 1)			41,785						(123,075)
Increase (decrease) in other policyholder liabilities			(26,966)						7,843
Increase (decrease) in Federal income tax liability			1,019						(19,186)
Increase (decrease) in deferred Federal income tax (Note 1)			(16,844)						47,245
Increase (decrease) in funds withheld liability			(89,722)						(277,048)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities (Note 1)			34,486						(12,478)
Net cash provided by operating activities			118,339						138,063
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of:
Debt securities available-for-sale			22,307						39,254
Debt securities trading			38,725						17,183
Other investments			1,287						2,804
Proceeds from maturities, redemptions, and prepayments of:
Debt securities available-for-sale			437,489						565,415
Debt securities trading			33,996						69,983
Other investments			15,264						16,138
Derivatives, index options			270						46,412
Purchases of:
Debt securities available-for-sale			(104,253)						(690,390)
			Continued on Next Page

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued) For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited) (In thousands)
			2023						2022
Debt securities trading			(63,624)						(75,581)
Equity securities			(12)						(890)
Derivatives, index options			(25,925)						(26,377)
Other investments			(41,016)						(33,704)
Property, equipment, and other productive assets			(1,593)						(764)
Net change in short-term investments			(3,884)						—
Principal payments on mortgage loans			12,141						18,872
Cost of mortgage loans acquired			(1,800)						(44,139)
Decrease (increase) in policy loans			1,004						(157)
Other (increases) decreases to funds withheld			5,247						(424)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			325,623						(96,365)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deposits to account balances for universal life and annuity contracts (Note 1)			52,142						205,775
Return of account balances on universal life and annuity contracts (Note 1)			(499,374)						(431,743)
Principal payments under finance lease obligation			(170)						(169)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			(447,402)						(226,137)
Effect of foreign exchange (Note 1)			(10)						374
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			(3,450)						(184,065)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period			295,270						714,624
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period			$	291,820					530,559
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest			$	38					37
Income taxes			26,052						22,138
Noncash operating activities:
Net deferral and amortization of sales inducements (Note 1)			$	(7,094)					(523)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(1) CONSOLIDATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. Except for the retroactive adoption of a required change in accounting standard as discussed below and as further described in Note (2) New Accounting Pronouncements, in the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations of National Western Life Group, Inc. ("NWLGI") and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), on a basis consistent with the prior audited consolidated financial statements, as of June 30, 2023, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022. Certain reclasses of prior year balances have been made for comparison. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. It is recommended that these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, excluding balances affected by the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-12 noted below, be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 which is accessible free of charge through the Company's internet site at www.nwlgi.com or the Securities and Exchange Commission internet site at www.sec.gov. Except for balances affected by the adoption of ASU 2018-12 noted below, the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of NWLGI and its wholly owned subsidiaries: National Western Life Insurance Company ("NWLIC" or "National Western"), Regent Care San Marcos Holdings, LLC, NWL Services, Inc., and N.I.S. Financial Services, Inc. ("NIS"). National Western's wholly owned subsidiaries include The Westcap Corporation, NWL Financial, Inc., NWLSM, Inc., Braker P III, LLC, and Ozark National Life Insurance Company ("Ozark National"). All significant intercorporate transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include: (1) liabilities for future policy obligations and market risk benefits, (2) valuation of derivative instruments, (3) recoverability and amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs ("DPAC"), deferred sales inducements ("DSI"), the value of business acquired ("VOBA"), and the cost of reinsurance ("COR"), (4) valuation allowances for deferred tax assets, (5) goodwill, (6) allowances for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities, (7) allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans and reinsurance recoverables, and (8) commitments and contingencies.

As a result of executing a funds withheld coinsurance agreement at December 31, 2020, the Company implemented accounting policies related to trading debt securities and the embedded derivative on reinsurance in its financial statements. Trading securities represent debt securities that are included in the fund assets withheld as part of the funds withheld coinsurance agreements to support the policyholder liability obligations ceded to the reinsurer. Trading debt securities are reported in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at their fair values with changes in their fair values reflected as a component of Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Since these trading debt securities pertain to investment activities related to coinsurance agreements rather than as an income strategy based on active trading, they are classified as investing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Under the terms of a coinsurance funds withheld agreement, while the assets are withheld, the associated interest and credit risk of these assets are transferred to the reinsurer creating an embedded derivative on reinsurance in the funds withheld liability. Accordingly, the Company is required to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the host contract in accordance with ASC 815-15. The bifurcated embedded derivative on reinsurance is computed as the fair value unrealized gain (loss) on the underlying funds withheld assets. This amount is included as a component of the funds withheld liability balance reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in the embedded derivative on reinsurance reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

On July 27, 2022, National Western entered into a Funds Withheld Coinsurance Agreement with Aspida Life Re Ltd. (“Aspida"), a reinsurer organized under the Laws of Bermuda. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company agreed to cede, on a coinsurance with funds withheld basis, a specified quota share of certain liabilities pertaining to an in-force block of annuity contracts issued by the Company before July 1, 2022. The initial amount of statutory reserve liabilities ceded by the Company to Aspida under the agreement approximated $250.0 million. In addition, pursuant to the agreement, the Company agreed to cede, on a coinsurance with funds withheld basis, a specified quota share of certain annuity contracts issued or to be issued by the Company on or after July 1, 2022.

As consideration for Aspida’s agreement to provide reinsurance pursuant to the agreement, the Company transferred into a funds withheld account permitted assets approximating the initial statutory reserve liabilities ceded to Aspida. In accordance with the agreement and in order to provide additional security for Aspida’s obligations under the agreement, the parties established a trust account for the benefit of the Company in which Aspida maintains certain assets and grants the Company a first priority security interest in such assets.

The table below shows the net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities that were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

Affected Line Item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings						Amount Reclassified From Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
						Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
						2023						2022						2023						2022
						(In thousands)
Other net investment gains						$	46					1,766						113						5,224
Earnings before Federal income taxes						46						1,766						113						5,224
Federal income taxes						10						371						24						1,097
Net earnings						$	36					1,395						89						4,127

Restatement of prior period consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting ASU 2018-12

As a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944) - Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts ("LDTI" or "ASU 2018-12), the results and related disclosures for the comparative 2022 periods presented in this Form 10-Q were recast to be presented as if the requirements of LDTI had been in effect during those periods. Implementation of LDTI affected various line items in each condensed consolidated financial statement. Refer to Note (2) New Accounting Policies for more details about the new guidance and a summary of the restated balances.

The Company adopted ASU 2018-12 guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective transaction method, where permitted, for changes in the liability for future policy benefits and deferred policy acquisition costs and related balances, and the retrospective transition method for market risk benefits. The transition date for restatement was January 1, 2021 and amounts previously reported were retroactively restated, including those amounts shown for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, and as of December 31, 2022.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present amounts as previously reported, the effect of adoption of the guidance under ASU 2018-12, and the resulting adjusted amounts reported in interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. The tables include only those line items impacted by restatement.

Restated Lines of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:

			December 31, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands)
Assets:
Deferred policy acquisition costs			$	909,786					(245,904)						663,882
Deferred sales inducements			114,399						(29,096)						85,303
Value of business acquired			146,494						(7,999)						138,495
Market risk benefits asset			—						48,759						48,759
Deferred federal income tax asset			57,867						(48,835)						9,032
Amounts recoverable from reinsurer, net of allowance for credit losses			1,723,347						(34,559)						1,688,788
Other assets			110,339						352						110,691
Total Assets			13,100,227						(317,282)						12,782,945
Liabilities:
Future policy benefits:
Universal life and annuity contracts			8,498,684						(8,498,684)						—
Traditional life reserves			919,650						(919,650)						—
Liability for policyholder account balances			—						7,661,785						7,661,785
Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance			—						148,708						148,708
Liability for future policy benefits			—						900,146						900,146
Market risk benefits liability			—						215,777						215,777
Other liabilities			166,557						(9,075)						157,482
Total liabilities			11,093,016						(500,993)						10,592,023
Stockholders' Equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(416,397)						(61,822)						(478,219)
Retained earnings			2,381,856						245,533						2,627,389
Total stockholders' equity			2,007,211						183,711						2,190,922
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity			13,100,227						(317,282)						12,782,945

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Premiums and other revenues:
Universal life and annuity contract charges			$	32,692					129						32,821
Traditional life and SPIAWLC premiums			21,647						994						22,641
Total Revenues			117,157						1,123						118,280
Benefits and Expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			35,177						(8,976)						26,201
Market risk benefits expense			—						(55,492)						(55,492)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			27,756						(5,256)						22,500
Universal life and annuity contract interest			(13,801)						(12,397)						(26,198)
Total benefit and expenses			79,453						(82,120)						(2,667)
Federal income taxes			6,939						17,481						24,420
Net earnings			30,765						65,762						96,527
Basic earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			8.70						18.60						27.30
Class B (Note 4)			4.35						9.30						13.65
Diluted earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			8.70						18.60						27.30
Class B (Note 4)			4.35						9.30						13.65

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Premiums and other revenues:
Universal life and annuity contract charges			$	65,343					275						65,618
Traditional life and SPIAWLC premiums			43,980						4,802						48,782
Total Revenues			251,456						5,077						256,533
Benefits and Expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			77,076						(17,363)						59,713
Market risk benefits expense			—						(116,498)						(116,498)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			56,772						(10,836)						45,936
Universal life and annuity contract interest			(28,606)						(11,163)						(39,769)
Total benefit and expenses			168,145						(155,860)						12,285
Federal income taxes			16,362						33,797						50,159
Net earnings			66,949						127,140						194,089
Basic earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			18.93						35.96						54.89
Class B (Note 4)			9.47						17.97						27.44
Diluted earnings per share:
Class A (Note 4)			18.93						35.96						54.89
Class B (Note 4)			9.47						17.97						27.44

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands)
Retained Earnings:
Balance at March 31, 2022			$	2,318,170					161,544						2,479,714
Net earnings (loss)			30,765						65,762						96,527
Balance at June 30, 2022			2,348,935						227,306						2,576,241
Balance at December 31, 2022			2,381,856						245,533						2,627,389
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on non-impaired securities:
Balance at March 31, 2022			(53,121)						(20,918)						(74,039)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax			(234,309)						(135,861)						(370,170)
Balance at June 30, 2022			(287,430)						(156,779)						(444,209)
Balance at December 31, 2022			(419,965)						(233,466)						(653,431)
Change in LFPB due to discount rate changes:
Balance at March 31, 2022			—						19,911						19,911
Impact of discount rate changes during the period			—						76,256						76,256
Balance at June 30, 2022			—						96,167						96,167
Balance at December 31, 2022			—						170,701						170,701
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at March 31, 2022			5,413						930						6,343
Change in translation adjustments during period			(22)						2						(20)
Balance at June 30, 2022			5,391						932						6,323
Balance at December 31, 2022			5,507						943						6,450
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Balance at March 31, 2022			(61,941)						(77)						(62,018)
Change during period			(233,197)						(59,603)						(292,800)
Balance at June 30, 2022			(295,138)						(59,680)						(354,818)
Balance at December 31, 2022			(416,397)						(61,822)						(478,219)
Total stockholders' equity:
Balance at March 31, 2022			2,297,981						161,467						2,459,448
Balance at June 30, 2022			2,095,549						167,626						2,263,175
Balance at December 31, 2022			2,007,211						183,711						2,190,922

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands)
Retained Earnings:
Balance at December 31, 2021			$	2,281,986					100,166						2,382,152
Net earnings			66,949						127,140						194,089
Balance at June 30, 2022			2,348,935						227,306						2,576,241
Balance at December 31, 2022			2,381,856						245,533						2,627,389
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on non-impaired securities:
Balance at December 31, 2021			226,220						140,889						367,109
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax			(513,650)						(297,668)						(811,318)
Balance at June 30, 2022			(287,430)						(156,779)						(444,209)
Balance at December 31, 2022			(419,965)						(233,466)						(653,431)
Change in LFPB due to discount rate changes:
Balance at December 31, 2021			—						(60,121)						(60,121)
Impact of discount rate changes during the period			—						156,288						156,288
Balance at June 30, 2022			—						96,167						96,167
Balance at December 31, 2022			—						170,701						170,701
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Balance at December 31, 2021			5,100						928						6,028
Change in translation adjustments during period			291						4						295
Balance at June 30, 2022			5,391						932						6,323
Balance at December 31, 2022			5,507						943						6,450
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss):
Balance at December 31, 2021			215,953						81,696						297,649
Change during period			(511,091)						(141,376)						(652,467)
Balance at June 30, 2022			(295,138)						(59,680)						(354,818)
Balance at December 31, 2022			(416,397)						(61,822)						(478,219)
Total stockholders' equity:
Balance at December 31, 2021			2,539,691						181,862						2,721,553
Balance at June 30, 2022			2,095,549						167,626						2,263,175
Balance at December 31, 2022			2,007,211						183,711						2,190,922

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As previously Reported						Effect of Change						As Currently Reported
			(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings			$	66,949					127,140						194,089
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash from operating activities:
Universal life and annuity contract interest			(28,606)						(11,163)						(39,769)
(Increase) decrease in deferred policy acquisition and sales inducement costs, and value of business acquired			24,380						(12,528)						11,852
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance recoverable			87,357						44,016						131,373
(Increase) decrease in other assets			434						9						443
Increase (decrease) in liabilities for future policy benefits			43,768						(59,422)						(15,654)
Increase (decrease) in market risk benefits liability			—						(123,075)						(123,075)
Increase (decrease) in deferred Federal income tax			13,449						33,796						47,245
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities			(12,479)						1						(12,478)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			139,289						(1,226)						138,063
Cash flows from financing activities:
Deposits to account balances for universal life and annuity contracts			210,438						(4,663)						205,775
Return of account balances on universal life and annuity contracts			(437,626)						5,883						(431,743)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			(227,357)						1,220						(226,137)
Effect of foreign exchange			368						6						374

(2) NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

None noted.

Accounting pronouncements adopted

Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12 Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944) - Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts ("LDTI" or "ASU 2018-12"). This update pertains to long-duration contracts and improving the timeliness of recognizing changes in the liability for future policy benefits, simplifying accounting for certain market-based options, simplifying the amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs, and improving the effectiveness of required disclosures. Amendments include the following:

A. Require an insurance entity to (1) review and update assumptions used to measure cash flows at least annually (with changes recognized in net income) and (2) update discount rate assumptions at each quarterly reporting date with the impact recognized in Other comprehensive income ("OCI").

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

B. Require an insurance entity to measure all market risk benefits, which are contracts or contract features that provide protection to the policyholder from capital market risk, associated with deposit (i.e. account balance) contracts at fair value. The periodic change in fair value attributable to change in instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in OCI.

C. Simplify amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and other balances amortized in proportion to premiums, gross profits, or gross margins and require those balances be amortized on a constant basis over the expected term of the related contracts. Deferred policy acquisition costs are required to be written off for unexpected contract terminations but are not subject to impairment testing.

D. Require an insurance entity to add disclosures of disaggregated rollforwards of significant insurance liabilities and other account balances (i.e. beginning to ending balances of the liability for future policy benefits, policyholder account balances, market risk benefits, separate account liabilities, and deferred acquisition costs). The insurance entity must also disclose information about significant inputs, judgments, assumptions, and methods used in measurement, including changes in those inputs, judgments, and assumptions, and the effect of those changes on measurement.

In November 2020, the FASB released ASU 2020-11 Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944). The amendments in this update deferred the effective date of adoption of ASU 2018-12 for all entities by one year. In particular, for publicly traded business entities, adoption of LDTI was made effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years.

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the requirements of the new standard, using the modified retrospective approach for market risk benefits, the liability for future policy benefits, and deferred policy acquisition costs and related balances, such that those balances were adjusted to conform to ASU 2018-12 as of January 1, 2021, the transition date.

The following table summarizes the restated Deferred policy acquisition costs (DPAC) and Deferred sales inducements (DSI) balances as of the transition date, January 1, 2021, due to the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Deferred policy acquisition costs:
Balance, December 31, 2020			$	4,014					96,513						13,399						157,186												103,179						7,789
Removal of shadow balances in Accumulated other comprehensive income			—						47,620						—						27,076												239,099						—
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	4,014					144,133						13,399						184,262												342,278						7,789

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Deferred sales inducements:
Balance, December 31, 2020			$	—					—						—						—												43,845						—
Removal of shadow balances in Accumulated other comprehensive income			—						—						—						—												52,533						—
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	—					—						—						—												96,378						—

The following table summarizes restated DPAC and DSI balances by product line in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2021.

			DPAC Balances						DSI Balances
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	4,014					—
Domestic universal life			144,133						—
International traditional life			13,399						—
International universal life			184,262						—
Annuities, excluding SPIAs with life contingencies			342,278						96,378
ONL & Affiliates			7,789						—
Balance Sheet balance as of January 1, 2021			$	695,875					96,378

A table presenting the change in Value of business acquired (VOBA) between December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2021 for the adoption of ASU 2018-12 is not included as VOBA is not impacted by shadow balance accounting. However, the method of recognizing amortization expense of VOBA in the Condensed Statements of Earnings subsequent to January 1, 2021 has changed consistent with the method of determining amortization expense for DPAC and DSI balances. Refer to Note (5) Deferred Transaction Costs for further information concerning amortization of Deferred Transaction Costs balances effected by the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the restated Liability for policyholder account balances as of January 1, 2021 for the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Universal life and annuity contracts balance, December 31, 2020			$	1,267,764					740,839						7,026,713
Transfer of balances to Additional liabilities in excess of account balance			(45,136)						(63,046)						(11,192)
Transfer of balances to Liability for future policy benefits			66						107						(200,894)
Transfer of balances to Market risk benefits			—						—						(205,611)
Change in embedded derivative on reserves			—						—						(131,573)
Liability for policyholder account balances, January 1, 2021			1,222,694						677,900						6,477,443
Less reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(1,677,898)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance			$	1,222,694					677,900						4,799,545

The following table summarizes the Additional liability in excess of account balances as of January 1, 2021 for the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2020			$	—					—						—
Transfer of balances from universal life ("UL") and annuity contracts			45,136						63,046						11,192
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			45,136						63,046						11,192
Less reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(11,192)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance			$	45,136					63,046						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the restated Liability for future policy benefits balance as of January 1, 2021 for the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

			Domestic Traditional Life						International Traditional Life						SPIAs With Life Contingencies						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Traditional life reserve balance, December 31, 2020			$	56,894					70,426						2,350						768,433
Transfer of balances from UL and annuity contracts			(66)						(107)						200,894						—
Change in discount rate assumptions			36,479						26,131						37,390						86,016
Change in cash flow assumptions, effect of net premiums exceeding gross premiums			7,937						—						—						—
Change in cash flow assumptions, effect of decrease (increase) of the deferred profit liability			—						—						(3,160)						—
Other Adjustments			1,163						(1,048)						653						12,403
Adjustment for removal of related balances in accumulated other comprehensive income			—						—						—						—
Liability for future policy benefit balance, January 1, 2021			102,407						95,402						238,127						866,852
Less reinsurance recoverable			(13,680)						(607)						(238,127)						(33,731)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance			$	88,727					94,795						—						833,121

Refer to Note (6) Policyholder Obligations for further information.

The following table summarizes the Market risk benefits liability balance as of January 1, 2021 for the adoption of ASU 2018-12.

			(In thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2020			$	—
Transfer of balances from UL and annuity contracts			205,611
Adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value, except for the difference due to instrument-specific credit risk			95,990
Adjustment for the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk			—
Total adjustment for the difference between carrying amount and fair value			95,990
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			301,601
Less reinsurance recoverable			(73,651)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021, net of reinsurance			$	227,950

Refer to Note (7) Market Risk Benefits for further information.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes restated Future policyholder obligations liability and the Market risk benefits liability balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2021.

			Policyholder Account Balances						Additional Liability for Benefits						Liability for Future Policy Benefits						Market Risk Benefits Liability
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	—					—						102,407						—
Domestic universal life			1,222,694						45,136						—						—
International traditional life			—						—						95,402						—
International universal life			677,900						63,046						—						—
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						—						238,127						—
Annuities, excluding SPIAs with life contingencies			6,477,443						11,192						—						301,601
ONL & Affiliates			—						—						866,852						—
Balance Sheet balances as of January 1, 2021			$	8,378,037					119,374						1,302,788						301,601

The following table presents the effect of the transition adjustment, net of foreign exchange and deferred tax adjustments, on total equity for the adoption of ASU 2018-12 as of January 1, 2021.

			January 1, 2021
			Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income						Total
			(In thousands)
Liability for future policy benefits			$	(9,650)					(112,734)						(122,384)
Liability for policyholder account balances			303,503						—						303,503
Additional liability for excess death/annuitization benefits			(85,463)						—						(85,463)
Deferred policy acquisition costs			—						247,897						247,897
Deferred sales inducements			—						41,501						41,501
Market risk benefits			(180,080)						—						(180,080)
Total			$	28,310					176,664						204,974

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The net transition adjustment for the Liability for future policy benefits is due to the difference in the discount rate used previously and the discount rate used for the adoption of ASU 2018-12 at January 1, 2021. The transition adjustment for DPAC and DSI removed the shadow adjustments pertaining to unrealized investment gains/(losses) previously required to be allocated from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The transition adjustment for Market risk benefits is the difference between reporting certain contracts and contract features at fair value under ASU 2018-12 as opposed to the carrying amount previously required under GAAP.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2018-12, VOBA and Cost of Reinsurance (COR) balances were amortized consistent with the methodologies employed for amortizing DPAC and DSI balances. Although not otherwise impacted by ASU 2018-12, the Company elected to continue using the amortization method consistent with that used for amortizing DPAC and DSI balances after the adoption of the new accounting standard. VOBA and COR balances did not have shadow accounting requirements under GAAP prior to the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and consequently did not have a transition adjustment.

The following tables summarize restated DPAC, DSI, and VOBA balances as of December 31, 2021 and the changes in these balances subsequent to the January 1, 2021 transition date. The balances as of December 31, 2021 establish the beginning balances for reporting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs:
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	4,014					144,133						13,399						184,262												342,278						7,789
Capitalization additions			19						33,447						—						1,072												38,836						4,176
Amortization			(585)						(9,265)						(984)						(17,666)												(40,187)						(676)
Experience adjustment			—						(567)						—						(112)												970						—
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			$	3,448					167,748						12,415						167,556												341,897						11,289

			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Deferred Sales Inducements:
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	—					—						—						—												96,378						—
Capitalization additions			—						—						—						—												18,117						—
Amortization			—						—						—						—												(11,775)						—
Experience adjustment			—						—						—						—												256						—
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			$	—					—						—						—												102,976						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Value of Business Acquired:
Balance, January 1, 2021			$	162,968
Capitalization additions			—
Amortization			(13,560)
Experience adjustment			—
Balance, December 31, 2021			$	149,408

The following table summarizes restated DPAC, DSI, and VOBA balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.

			DPAC						DSI						VOBA
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	3,448					—						—
Domestic universal life			167,748						—						—
International traditional life			12,415						—						—
International universal life			167,556						—						—
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						—						—
Annuities, excluding SPIAs with life contingencies			341,897						102,976						—
ONL & Affiliates			11,289						—						149,408
Balance Sheet balances as of December 31, 2021			$	704,353					102,976						149,408

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the restated Liability for policyholder account balances as of December 31, 2021 and the changes in this balance subsequent to the January 1, 2021 transition date. The balance as of December 31, 2021 establishes the beginning balance for reporting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	1,222,694					677,900						6,477,443
Issuances			—						—						—
Premiums received			225,349						46,147						430,846
Policy charges			(76,147)						(68,800)						(28,643)
Surrenders and withdrawals			(47,483)						(47,644)						(580,269)
Benefit payments			(25,418)						(2,040)						(207,302)
Interest credited			89,508						36,902						155,783
Other			23,555						5,121						(86,558)
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			1,412,058						647,586						6,161,300
Less reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(1,458,076)
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021 net of reinsurance			$	1,412,058					647,586						4,703,224

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the restated Additional liability in excess of account balances as of December 31, 2021 and the changes in this balance subsequent to the January 1, 2021 transition date. The balance as of December 31, 2021 establishes the beginning balance for reporting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021 net of reinsurance			$	45,136					63,046						—
Beginning balance before shadow reserve adjustments			45,136						63,046						11,192
Effect of changes in cash flow ("CF") assumptions			7,061						(14,524)						—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience			—						—						1,512
Adjusted beginning of year balance:			52,197						48,522						12,704
Issuances			—						—						—
Interest accrual			4,767						3,264						459
Assessments collected			14,775						8,304						749
Benefit payments			(17,687)						(10,565)						(1,198)
Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			45						(1,189)						4
Ending balance before shadow reserve adjustments			54,097						48,336						12,718
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments			—						—						—
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			54,097						48,336						12,718
Less: Reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(12,718)
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021 net of reinsurance			$	54,097					48,336						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the restated Liability for future policy benefits balance as of December 31, 2021 and the changes in this balance subsequent to the January 1, 2021 transition date. The balance as of December 31, 2021 establishes the beginning balance for reporting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

			Domestic Traditional Life						International Traditional Life						SPIAs With Life Contingencies						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	102,407					95,402						238,127						866,852
Beginning balance at original discount rate			65,928						69,270						200,737						780,836
Effect of changes in CF assumptions			—						—						(316)						—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience			(525)						(252)						5,724						114
Adjusted beginning of year balance:			65,403						69,018						206,145						780,950
Issuances			—						—						39,338						227
Interest accrual			4,058						4,391						7,076						23,801
Net premium collected			16						5,602						—						35,640
Benefit payments			(6,538)						(17,221)						(22,173)						(56,616)
Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			—						—						(6,840)						—
Other			597						2,608						358						(770)
Ending balance at original discount rate			63,536						64,398						223,904						783,232
Effect of changes in discount rate			26,933						17,186						20,646						34,913
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			90,469						81,584						244,550						818,145
Less reinsurance recoverable			(13,841)						(578)						(211,912)						(31,476)
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021 net of reinsurance			$	76,628					81,006						32,638						786,669

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the net Market risk benefit liability balance as of December 31, 2021 and the changes in this net balance subsequent to the January 1, 2021 transition date. The net balance as of December 31, 2021 establishes the beginning net balance for reporting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

			(In thousands)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2021			$	301,601
Balance, beginning of year, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk:			301,601
Issuances			3,184
Interest accrual			—
Attributed fees collected			38,182
Benefit payments			—
Effect of changes in interest rates			(36,112)
Effect of changes in equity markets			—
Effect of changes in equity index volatility			—
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior			(7,022)
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior			—
Effect of changes in other future expected assumptions			—
Balance, end of year, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			299,833
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk			—
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021			299,833
Less reinsurance recoverable, end of year			(68,238)
Adjusted balance, December 31, 2021 net of reinsurance			$	231,595

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes restated Future policyholder obligations liability and the Market risk benefits liability balances in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021.

			Policyholder Account Balances						Additional Liability for Benefits						Liability for Future Policy Benefits						Market Risk Benefits Liability
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	—					—						90,469						—
Domestic universal life			1,412,058						54,097						—						—
International traditional life			—						—						81,584						—
International universal life			647,586						48,336						—						—
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						—						244,550						—
Annuities, excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			6,161,300						12,718						—						299,833
ONL & Affiliates			—						—						818,145						—
Balances as of December 31, 2021			$	8,220,944					115,151						1,234,748						299,833

Other Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2022, the FASB released ASU 2022-02 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this Update eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled-debt restructurings by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, but enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan modifications in which the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. Additionally, the amendments in this Update require public business entities to disclose current-period gross write offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Cost. The updates are required to be applied prospectively beginning in fiscal years after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company elected to adopt the requirements of this update in its Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the results of operations or financial position of the Company.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the AICPA, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on the Company’s present or future Consolidated Financial Statements.

(3) STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Robert L. Moody, Sr., through the Robert L. Moody Revocable Trust, controls 99.0% of the total outstanding shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock as of June 30, 2023. Holders of the Company's Class A Common Stock elect one-third of the Board of Directors of the Company, and holders of the Class B Common Stock elect the remainder. Any cash or in-kind dividends paid on each share of Class B Common Stock are limited to one-half of the cash or in-kind dividends paid on each share of Class A Common Stock. In the event of liquidation of the Company by dissolution, the holders of Class A Common Stock will receive the par value of their shares; then the holders of Class B Common Stock will receive the par value of their shares; and the remaining net assets of the Company shall be divided between the stockholders of both Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock based upon the number of shares held.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

As the sole owner of National Western, all dividends declared by National Western are payable entirely to NWLGI and are eliminated in consolidation. National Western is restricted by state insurance laws as to dividend amounts which may be paid to stockholders without prior approval from the Colorado Division of Insurance. The restrictions are based on the lesser of statutory earnings from operations, excluding capital gains, or 10% of statutory surplus of National Western as of the previous year-end. Under these guidelines, the maximum dividend payment which may be made without prior approval in 2023 is $66.5 million. National Western did not declare or pay cash dividends to NWLGI during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Dividends in the amount of $2.0 million were paid to NWLGI in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Ozark National is similarly restricted under the state insurance laws of Missouri as to dividend amounts which may be paid to stockholders without prior approval to the greater of 10.0% of the statutory surplus of the company from the preceding year-end or the company's net gain from operations, excluding capital gains, from the prior calendar year. Based upon this restriction, the maximum dividend payment which may be made in 2023 without prior approval is $21.6 million. All dividends declared by Ozark National are payable entirely to NWLIC as the sole owner and are eliminated in consolidation. Ozark National did not declare or pay cash dividends to NWLIC during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

NIS is restricted under FINRA rules as to the maximum dividend amounts that can be paid out to stockholders. Maximum allowable dividend amounts are determined based on calculations which require that certain net capital thresholds be maintained after dividends are paid out. Under these guidelines, the maximum dividend payment amount at December 31, 2022 was $13.6 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, NIS declared and paid a $12.0 million dividend to NWLGI as its sole stock owner. No dividends were declared or paid in the six months ended June 30, 2022. All dividends declared and paid by NIS are eliminated in consolidation.

NWLGI did not declare or pay cash dividends on its common shares during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

(4) EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share of common stock are computed by dividing net earnings available to each class of common stockholders on an as if distributed basis by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share, by definition, reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock, that then shared in the distributed earnings of each class of common stock. U.S. GAAP requires a two-class presentation for the Company's two classes of common stock. The Company currently has no share-based compensation awards outstanding that could be redeemed for shares of common stock.

As previously described in Note (1) Consolidation and Basis of Presentation and Note (2) New Accounting Pronouncements, the results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 have been restated for the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944) - Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts. Accordingly, the earnings per share information presented in the following table for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 has been updated and differs from that previously reported.

Net earnings for the periods shown below are allocated between Class A shares and Class B shares based upon (1) the proportionate number of shares issued and outstanding as of the end of the period, and (2) the per share dividend rights of the two classes under the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the Class B dividend per share is equal to one-half the Class A dividend per share).

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended June 30,
			2023												2022
			Class A						Class B						Class A						Class B
			(In thousands except per share amounts)
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Net earnings			$	29,634											96,527
Dividends - Class A shares			—												—
Dividends - Class B shares			—												—
Undistributed earnings			$	29,634											96,527
Allocation of net earnings:
Dividends			$	—					—						—						—
Allocation of undistributed earnings			28,796						838						93,797						2,730
Net earnings			$	28,796					838						93,797						2,730
Denominator:
Basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares			3,436						200						3,436						200
Effect of dilutive stock options			—						—						—						—
Diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted-average shares for assumed conversions			3,436						200						3,436						200
Basic earnings per share			$	8.38					4.19						27.30						13.65
Diluted earnings per share			$	8.38					4.19						27.30						13.65

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023												2022
			Class A						Class B						Class A						Class B
			(In thousands except per share amounts)
Numerator for Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Net earnings			$	41,938											194,089
Dividends - Class A shares			—												—
Dividends - Class B shares			—												—
Undistributed earnings			$	41,938											194,089
Allocation of net earnings:
Dividends			$	—					—						—						—
Allocation of undistributed earnings			40,752						1,186						188,600						5,489
Net earnings			$	40,752					1,186						188,600						5,489
Denominator:
Basic earnings per share - weighted-average shares			3,436						200						3,436						200
Effect of dilutive stock options			—						—						—						—
Diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted-average shares for assumed conversions			3,436						200						3,436						200
Basic earnings per share			$	11.86					5.93						54.89						27.44
Diluted earnings per share			$	11.86					5.93						54.89						27.44

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(5) DEFERRED TRANSACTION COSTS

Deferred transaction costs include deferred policy acquisition costs (DPAC), deferred sales inducements (DSI), value of business acquired (VOBA), and cost of reinsurance (COR).

Deferred policy acquisition costs ("DPAC") include certain costs of successfully acquiring new insurance business, including commissions and other expenses related directly to the production of new business (indirect or unsuccessful acquisition costs, maintenance, product development and overhead expenses are charged to expenses as incurred). Also included are premium bonuses and bonus interest credited to contracts during the first contract year only which are recorded as deferred sales inducements ("DSI").

Prior to the adoption of LDTI, DPAC and DSI balances were amortized in relation to the present value of expected gross profits for interest sensitive universal life and annuity products, and over the premium paying period for nonparticipating traditional life products proportional to the ratio of annual premium revenues to total anticipated premium revenues. Under LDTI guidance, deferred policy acquisition costs and deferred sales inducements are amortized on a constant level cohort basis over the expected term of the contracts approximating a straight-line amortization on an individual contract basis. Contracts are grouped consistent with the groupings used to estimate the liability for future policy benefits. The constant-level basis for amortizing DAC is generally in proportion to the initial face amount of life insurance in force for life insurance policies, in proportion to deposits for deferred annuity contracts, and in proportion to annual benefit payments for annuity contracts in payout mode.

The Company is required to write off deferred policy acquisition costs and unearned revenue liabilities upon internal replacement of certain contracts as well as annuitizations of deferred annuities. All insurance and investment contract modifications and replacements are reviewed to determine if the internal replacement results in a substantially changed contract. If so, the acquisition costs, sales inducements and unearned revenue associated with the new contract are deferred and amortized over the lifetime of the new contract. In addition, the existing deferred policy acquisition costs, sales inducement costs and unearned revenue balances associated with the replaced contract are written off. If an internal replacement results in a substantially unchanged contract, the acquisition costs, sales inducements and unearned revenue associated with the new contract are immediately recognized in the period incurred. In addition, the existing deferred policy acquisition costs, sales inducement costs or unearned revenue balance associated with the replaced contract are not written off, but instead are carried over to the new contract.

Current period amortization of DPAC and DSI is impacted by changes in actual insurance in force during the period as well as changes in future assumptions as of the end of each reporting period, where applicable. Assumptions used for DPAC are consistent with those used in estimating the liability for future policy benefits (or any other related balance) for the corresponding contracts. Determining the level of aggregation and actuarial assumptions used in projecting in force terminations requires judgment.

The value of insurance in force business acquired ("VOBA") is a purchase accounting convention for life insurance companies in business combinations based upon an actuarial determination of the difference between the fair value of policy liabilities acquired and the same policyholder liabilities measured in accordance with the acquiring company's accounting policies. The difference, referred to as VOBA, is an intangible asset subject to periodic amortization. It represents the portion of the purchase price allocated to the value of the rights to receive future cash flows from the business in force at the acquisition date. The Company performs recoverability testing of VOBA consistent with the recoverability analysis performed for DPAC and DSI balances. Under LDTI guidance, VOBA is amortized on the same basis used for DPAC and DSI balances.

The Cost of Reinsurance ("COR") asset represents the amount of assets transferred at the closing date of a funds withheld agreement (debt securities, policy loans, and cash) in excess of the GAAP liability ceded plus a $48.0 million ceding commission paid to the reinsurer. The original COR balance of $102.8 million is amortized commensurate with the runoff of the ceded block of funds withheld business and the amortization expense is reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs - A summary of information related to DPAC is provided in the following table.

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	3,159					176,034						11,151						152,287												306,489						14,762
Capitalization additions			7						7,224						—						305												4,186						2,153
Amortization			(143)						(6,232)						(558)						(7,519)												(17,954)						(418)
Experience adjustment			—						—						—						—												—						—
Balance, end of period			$	3,023					177,026						10,593						145,073												292,721						16,497

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	3,448					167,748						12,415						167,556												341,897						11,289
Capitalization additions			9						12,684						—						427												13,762						2,214
Amortization			(157)						(6,384)						(666)						(8,173)												(18,208)						(429)
Experience adjustment			—						—						—						—												—						—
Balance, end of period			$	3,300					174,048						11,749						159,810												337,451						13,074

The following table summarizes DPAC balances by product line as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	3,023					3,300
Domestic universal life			177,026						174,048
International traditional life			10,593						11,749
International universal life			145,073						159,810
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						—
Annuities, excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			292,721						337,451
ONL & Affiliates			16,497						13,074
Total			$	644,933					699,432

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Deferred Sales Inducements - A summary of information related to DSI is provided in the following tables.

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	—					—						—						—												85,303						—
Capitalization additions			—						—						—						—												(2,829)						—
Amortization			—						—						—						—												(4,265)						—
Experience adjustment			—						—						—						—												—						—
Balance, end of period			$	—					—						—						—												78,209						—

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Traditional Life						Domestic Universal Life						International Traditional Life						International Universal Life												Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						ONL & Affiliates
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	—					—						—						—												102,976						—
Capitalization additions			—						—						—						—												5,040						—
Amortization			—						—						—						—												(5,563)						—
Experience adjustment			—						—						—						—												—						—
Balance, end of period			$	—					—						—						—												102,453						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes DSI balances by product line as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	—					—
Domestic universal life			—						—
International traditional life			—						—
International universal life			—						—
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						—
Annuities, excluding SPIAs with life contingencies			78,209						102,453
ONL & Affiliates			—						—
Total			$	78,209					102,453

Value of Business Acquired - A summary of information related to VOBA is provided in the following table.

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	138,495					149,408
Amortization			(4,398)						(6,408)
Experience adjustment			—						—
Balance as of end of period			$	134,097					143,000

Estimated future amortization of VOBA, net of interest, is as follows as of June 30, 2023:

			(In thousands)
Remainder of 2023			$	4,284
2024			8,230
2025			7,792
2026			7,352
2027			6,937

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Cost of Reinsurance - A summary of information related to COR is provided in the following table.

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023												2022
			SPIAs WLC						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC						SPIAs WLC						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	11,897					66,431						12,591						77,095
Additions			—						—						—						—
Amortization			(522)						(5,530)						(284)						(5,227)
Experience Adjustment			—						—						—						—
Balance as of end of period			$	11,375					60,901						12,307						71,868

The following table summarizes the COR balance by product line as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
SPIAs with life contingencies			$	11,375					12,307
Annuities, excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			60,901						71,868
Total			$	72,276					84,175

(6) POLICYHOLDER OBLIGATIONS

For universal life and annuity contracts, the liability for future policy benefits represents the account balance. Fixed-index products combine features associated with traditional fixed annuities and universal life contracts, with the option to have interest rates linked in part to an equity index. In accordance with GAAP guidance, the equity return component of such policy contracts must be identified separately and accounted for as embedded derivatives. The remaining portions of these policy contracts are considered the host contracts and are recorded separately as fixed annuity or universal life contracts. The host contracts are accounted for under GAAP guidance provisions that require debt instrument type accounting. The host contracts are recorded as discounted debt instruments that are accreted, using the effective yield method, to their minimum account values at their projected maturities or termination dates.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

A liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. Under GAAP, the liability for future policy benefits on traditional life products has been calculated using assumptions as to future mortality and withdrawals based on Company experience. Contracts are grouped into cohorts by product features and issue year. The liability is adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. With the exception of the expense assumption, the Company reviews its historical and future cash flow assumptions quarterly and updates the net premium ratio used to calculate the liability each time the assumptions are changed. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of cash flows expected over the entire life of a group of contracts using actual historical experience and current future cash flow assumptions. These updated cash flows are used to calculate the revised net premiums and net premium ratio, which are used to derive an updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the current reporting period, discounted at the original contract issuance discount rate. This amount is then compared to the carrying amount of the liability as of that same date, before the updating of cash flow assumptions, to determine the current period change in liability estimate. This current period change in the liability is the liability remeasurement gain or loss and is presented as a separate component of benefit expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. In subsequent periods, the revised net premiums are used to measure the liability for future policy benefits, subject to future revisions.

The discount rate assumption is an equivalent single rate that is derived based on A-credit-rated fixed-income instruments with similar duration to the liability. The Company selects fixed-income instruments that have been A-rated by one of the major credit rating agencies, such as Moody's, Standard & Poor's, or Fitch. The discount rate assumption is updated quarterly and used to remeasure the liability at the reporting date, with the resulting change reflected in other comprehensive income. For liability cash flows that are projected beyond the duration of market-observable A-credit-rated fixed-income instruments, the Company uses the last market-observable yield level, and uses linear interpolation to determine yield assumptions for durations that do not have market-observable yields.

The embedded derivatives are recorded at fair value. The fair value of the embedded derivative component of policy benefit reserves is estimated at each valuation date by (a) projecting policy and contract values and minimum guaranteed values over the expected lives of the policies and contracts and (b) discounting the excess of the projected value amounts at the applicable risk free interest rates adjusted for nonperformance risk related to those liabilities. The projections of policy and contract values are based upon best estimate assumptions for future policy growth and future policy decrements. Best estimate assumptions for future policy growth includes assumptions for the expected index credit on the next policy anniversary date which are derived from the fair values of the underlying call options purchased to fund such index credits and the expected costs of annual cost options purchased in the future to fund index credits beyond the next policy anniversary. The projections of minimum guaranteed contract values include the same best estimate assumptions for policy decrements as were used to project policy contract values.

Other policy claims and benefits - Unearned revenue reserves are maintained that reflect the unamortized balance of charges assessed to interest sensitive contract holders which serve as compensation for services to be performed over future periods (policy premium loads). These charges have been deferred and are being recognized in income over the period benefited using the same assumptions and factors used to amortize deferred acquisition costs.

In both 2022 and 2023, the Company updated the net premium ratio for actual historical experience each quarter. Future cash flow assumptions are reviewed each quarter and are updated in the third quarter.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Liability for Policyholder Account Balances - The Company recognizes a liability for policyholder account balances, which includes universal life products and annuities other than single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies. The following tables summarize balances and changes in the Liability for policyholder account balances.

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	1,409,471					575,096						5,677,218
Issuances			—						—						—
Premiums received			55,055						18,980						59,452
Policy charges			(32,866)						(38,394)						(15,217)
Surrenders and withdrawals			(33,563)						(23,348)						(312,852)
Benefit payments			(15,861)						(1,260)						(97,989)
Interest credited			6,628						4,517						27,409
Other			39,526						5,755						(22,628)
Balance, end of period			1,428,390						541,346						5,315,393
Less reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(1,166,059)
Ending balance, net of reinsurance			$	1,428,390					541,346						4,149,334
Weighted-average crediting rate			1.02		%				1.59		%				0.96		%
Net amount at risk			$	1,617					6,680						1,182,728
Cash surrender value			$	1,202,093					504,514						5,013,919

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities excl. SPIAs WLC
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	1,412,058					647,586						6,161,300
Issuances			—						—						—
Premiums received			86,575						21,676						159,345
Policy charges			(36,088)						(34,508)						(14,960)
Surrenders and withdrawals			(27,144)						(21,929)						(252,724)
Benefit payments			(10,188)						(1,208)						(106,952)
Interest credited			34,698						11,472						43,263
Other			(51,847)						(14,050)						(41,766)
Balance, end of period			1,408,064						609,039						5,947,506
Less reinsurance recoverable			—						—						(1,088,633)
Ending balance, net of reinsurance			$	1,408,064					609,039						4,858,873
Weighted-average crediting rate			4.45		%				2.18		%				1.24		%
Net amount at risk			$	1,645					7,492						1,079,378
Cash surrender value			$	1,225,897					570,260						5,571,711

The following table summarizes the Liability for policyholder account balances by line of business as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic universal life			$	1,428,390					1,408,064
International universal life			541,346						609,039
Annuities excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			5,315,393						5,947,506
Total			$	7,285,129					7,964,609

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums.

			June 30, 2023
			At Guaranteed Minimum						1-50 Basis Points Above						51-150 Basis Points Above						Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above						Total
			(In thousands)
Range of guaranteed minimum crediting rate:
Less than 2.00%			$	1,888,289					2,188						18,015						133,448						2,041,940
2.00% - 2.99%			497,623						7,832						87,993						35,364						628,812
3.00% - 3.99%			437,887						38,944						2,680						27						479,538
4.00% and greater			392,336						—						—						37						392,373
Total			$	3,216,135					48,964						108,688						168,876						3,542,663

			June 30, 2022
			At Guaranteed Minimum						1-50 Basis Points Above						51-150 Basis Points Above						Greater Than 150 Basis Points Above						Total
			(In thousands)
Range of guaranteed minimum crediting rate:
Less than 2.00%			$	2,035,514					2,369						113,538						109,546						2,260,967
2.00% - 2.99%			536,308						8,109						109,825						—						654,242
3.00% - 3.99%			530,052						45,966						2,848						26						578,892
4.00% and greater			414,481						1						—						34						414,516
Total			$	3,516,355					56,445						226,211						109,606						3,908,617

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Additional Liability for Benefits in Excess of Account Balances And Liability for Future Policy Benefits - The following table provides the balances and changes in insurance liabilities related to universal life and annuities that are in addition to the account balance, including annuitization benefits and death or other insurance benefits.

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	63,804					46,402						38,502
Beginning balance before shadow reserve adjustments			63,804						46,402						38,502
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			—						—						—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience			5,695						(1,283)						652
Adjusted beginning of period balance			69,499						45,119						39,154
Issuances			—						—						—
Interest accrual			362						193						742
Assessments collected			10,713						4,996						(30)
Benefit payments			(13,595)						(3,351)						(1,056)
Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			(3)						(937)						(19)
Ending balance before shadow reserve adjustments			66,976						46,020						38,791
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments			—						—						—
Balance, end of period			66,976						46,020						38,791
Less reinsurance recoverable, end of period			—						—						(38,791)
Net additional liability, after reinsurance recoverable			$	66,976					46,020						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Universal Life						International Universal Life						Annuities
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	54,097					48,336						12,718
Beginning balance before shadow reserve adjustments			54,097						48,336						12,718
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			—						—						—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience			2,328						3,479						1,202
Adjusted beginning of period balance			56,425						51,815						13,920
Issuances			—						—						—
Interest accrual			1,833						1,048						396
Assessments collected			7,909						3,769						(53)
Benefit payments			(8,806)						(8,643)						(758)
Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			(17)						(184)						(9)
Ending balance before shadow reserve adjustments			57,344						47,805						13,496
Effect of shadow reserve adjustments			—						—						—
Balance, end of period			57,344						47,805						13,496
Less reinsurance recoverable, end of period			—						—						(13,496)
Net additional liability, after reinsurance recoverable			$	57,344					47,805						—

The following table summarizes the Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance by line of business as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic universal life			$	66,976					57,344
International universal life			46,020						47,805
Annuities			38,791						13,496
Total			$	151,787					118,645

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides the amount of gross assessments and interest expense related to annuitization and death or other insurance benefits recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to additional insurance liabilities.

			Gross Assessments												Interest Expenses
			Six Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic universal life			$	10,713					7,909						362						1,833
International universal life			4,996						3,769						193						1,048
Annuities			(30)						(53)						742						396
Total			$	15,679					11,625						1,297						3,277

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables summarize balances and changes in the Liability for future policy benefits balance for traditional life contracts and single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies.

						Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
						Domestic Traditional Life						International Traditional Life						SPIAs With Life Contingency						ONL & Affiliates
						(In thousands)
Present value of expected net premiums			Balance, beginning of period			$	260					33,998						—						402,744
			Beginning balance at original discount rate			660						35,906						—						494,961
			Effect of actual variances from expected experience			(122)						(821)						—						(1,736)
			Adjusted beginning of period balance			538						35,085						—						493,225
			Issuances			—						—						—						5,468
			Interest accrual			(9)						728						—						7,973
			Net premium collected			(116)						(2,385)						—						(19,404)
			Ending balance at original discount rate			413						33,428						—						487,262
			Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			(419)						(1,694)						—						(85,891)
			Balance, end of period			(6)						31,734						—						401,371
Present value of expected future policy benefits			Balance, beginning of period			70,165						99,167						191,817						975,999
			Beginning balance at original discount rate			62,839						100,976						215,637						1,293,523
			Effect of actual variances from expected experience			(250)						(3,296)						2,045						(1,247)
			Adjusted beginning of period balance			62,589						97,680						217,682						1,292,276
			Issuances			—						—						5,181						5,342
			Interest accrual			1,917						2,721						3,503						20,177
			Benefit payments			(2,463)						(2,644)						(11,310)						(30,178)
			Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			—						—						(3,452)						—
			Other			63						572						(135)						(1,694)
			Ending balance at original discount rate			62,106						98,329						211,469						1,285,923
			Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			7,276						(1,442)						(22,039)						(300,311)
			Balance, end of period			69,382						96,887						189,430						985,612
			Net liability for future policy benefits			69,388						65,153						189,430						584,241
			Less reinsurance recoverable			(13,168)						(532)						(159,656)						(25,937)
			Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance			$	56,220					64,621						29,774						558,304

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

						Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
						Domestic Traditional Life						International Traditional Life						SPIAs With Life Contingencies						ONL & Affiliates
						(In thousands)
Present value of expected net premiums			Balance, beginning of period			$	395					50,123						—						340,287
			Beginning balance at original discount rate			706						40,670						—						330,854
			Effect of actual variances from expected experience			167						372						—						7,946
			Adjusted beginning of period			873						41,042						—						338,800
			Issuances			—						—						—						4,684
			Interest accrual			2						858						—						5,340
			Net premium collected			(52)						(2,673)						—						(18,242)
			Ending balance at original discount rate			823						39,227						—						330,582
			Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			(352)						510						—						(40,539)
			Balance, end of period			471						39,737						—						290,043
Present value of expected future policy benefits			Balance, beginning of period			90,864						131,707						244,551						1,158,431
			Beginning balance at original discount rate			64,242						105,103						223,904						1,114,085
			Effect of actual variances from expected experience			4						(970)						1,991						8,718
			Adjusted beginning of year balance			64,246						104,133						225,895						1,122,803
			Issuances			—						—						7,639						4,471
			Interest accrual			1,970						2,893						3,612						17,310
			Benefit payments			(2,626)						(3,207)						(11,855)						(29,815)
			Derecognition (lapses and withdrawals)			—						—						(3,766)						—
			Other			109						(346)						—						(51)
			Ending balance at original discount rate			63,699						103,473						221,525						1,114,718
			Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions			11,708						4,657						(13,866)						(177,060)
			Balance, end of period			75,407						108,130						207,659						937,658
			Net liability for future policy benefits			74,936						68,393						207,659						647,615
			Less reinsurance recoverable			(12,859)						(553)						(176,231)						(27,911)
			Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance			$	62,077					67,840						31,428						619,704

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes the net Liability for future policy benefits by product line as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	69,388					74,936
International traditional life			65,153						68,393
SPIAs with life contingencies			189,430						207,659
ONL & Affiliates			584,241						647,615
Total			$	908,212					998,603

The following tables summarize the amount of revenue and interest related to traditional life contracts and single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

			Gross Premiums or Assessments												Interest Expense
			Six Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	1,535					1,673						1,926						1,968
International traditional life			6,288						6,774						1,993						2,035
SPIAs with life contingencies			411						4,650						3,503						3,612
ONL & Affiliates			38,146						38,746						12,204						11,970
Total			$	46,380					51,843						19,626						19,585

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides the amount of undiscounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefits and expenses for traditional life contracts and single premium immediate annuities with life contingencies.

			June 30,
			2023												2022
			Expected Future Gross Premiums						Expected Future Benefit Payments						Expected Future Gross Premiums						Expected Future Benefit Payments
			(In thousands)
Domestic traditional life			$	31,238					103,905						34,104						108,933
International traditional life			155,925						214,147						165,694						226,901
SPIAs with life contingencies			—						281,717						—						294,358
ONL & Affiliates			1,408,619						2,259,107						959,373						1,701,586
Total			$	1,595,782					2,858,876						1,159,171						2,331,778

The following tables summarize the annualized actual experience and expected experience for mortality and lapses of the Liability for future policy benefits and the Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance.

			2023												2022
			Actual Experience						Expected Experience						Actual Experience						Expected Experience
Mortality:
Domestic traditional life			1.90%						2.07%						1.39%						1.84%
International traditional life			0.15%						0.39%						0.33%						0.36%
Domestic universal life			1.89%						1.91%						1.01%						1.69%
International universal life			0.21%						0.26%						0.21%						0.24%
SPIAs with life contingencies			3.29%						3.10%						3.40%						3.26%
Annuities excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			3.12%						2.64%						2.99%						2.71%
ONL & Affiliates			0.75%						0.74%						0.74%						0.70%

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			2023												2022
			Actual Experience						Expected Experience						Actual Experience						Expected Experience
Lapses:
Domestic traditional life			4.32%						6.11%						7.03%						6.38%
International traditional life			8.23%						7.72%						8.74%						8.06%
Domestic universal life			5.43%						3.38%						4.45%						4.67%
International universal life			11.77%						6.98%						8.27%						7.21%
SPIAs with life contingencies			N/A						N/A						N/A						N/A
Annuities excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			6.61%						4.21%						4.10%						4.22%
ONL & Affiliates			4.18%						4.72%						3.90%						7.95%

The following table provides the weighted-average durations in years of the Liability for future policy benefits and the Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance.

			June 30,
			2023						2022
Domestic traditional life			8.00						8.00
Domestic universal life			8.10						8.10
International traditional life			8.00						8.00
International universal life			8.10						8.10
SPIAs with life contingencies			8.00						8.00
Annuities excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			6.60						6.60
ONL & Affiliates			22.00						22.00

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table provides the weighted-average interest rates for the Liability for future policy benefits and the Additional liability for benefits in excess of account balance.

			Interest Accretion Rate												Current Discount Rate
			June 30,												June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Domestic traditional life			6.80%						6.77%						5.00%						4.25%
Domestic universal life			1.02%						4.45%						1.02%						4.45%
International traditional life			5.21%						5.24%						5.00%						4.25%
International universal life			1.59%						2.18%						1.59%						2.18%
SPIAs with life contingencies			3.37%						3.31%						5.00%						4.25%
Annuities excl. SPIAs with life contingencies			0.96%						1.24%						0.96%						1.24%
ONL & Affiliates			3.24%						3.23%						5.40%						4.95%

The Company realized actual-expected experience variances but made no changes to assumptions for the periods shown other than the interest rates employed for purposes of calculating discounted values.

(7) MARKET RISK BENEFITS

Market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contract holder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include certain contract features on annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders, such as guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, guaranteed annuitization benefits, and guaranteed minimum death benefits. Market risk benefits are measured at fair value using a risk-neutral valuation model based on current net amounts at risk, benefit utilization rates, market data, Company experience, and other factors. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income each period, with the exception of the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in Other comprehensive income.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present the balances of and changes in market risk benefits associated with guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, guaranteed annuitization benefits, and guaranteed minimum death benefits.

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits						Guaranteed Annuitization Benefits						Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	97,552					69,466						—
Balance, beginning of period, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			97,552						69,466						—
Issuances			87						—						—
Interest accrual			—						—						—
Attributed fees collected			20,641						—						—
Benefit payments			—						—						—
Effect of changes in interest rates			22,661						(533)						—
Effect of changes in equity markets			—						—						—
Effect of changes in equity index volatility			—						—						—
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior			(1,071)						—						—
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior			—						—						—
Effect of changes in other future expected assumptions			—						—						—
Balance, end of period, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			139,870						68,933						—
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk			—						—						—
Balance, end of period			139,870						68,933						—
Less reinsurance recoverable, end of period			(5,032)						(69,314)						—
Balance, end of period, net of reinsurance			$	134,838					(381)						—
Net amount at risk			$	1,056,494					126,234						—
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders			69.4						67.6						0.0

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits						Guaranteed Annuitization Benefits						Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits
			(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period			$	231,859					67,974						—
Balance, beginning of period, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			231,859						67,974						—
Issuances			412						—						—
Interest accrual			—						—						—
Attributed fees collected			21,099						—						—
Benefit payments			—						—						—
Effect of changes in interest rates			(135,140)						(6,537)						—
Effect of changes in equity markets			—						—						—
Effect of changes in equity index volatility			—						—						—
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior			(2,909)						—						—
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior			—						—						—
Effect of changes in other future expected assumptions			—						—						—
Balance, end of period, before effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk			115,321						61,437						—
Effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk			—						—						—
Balance, end of period			115,321						61,437						—
Less reinsurance recoverable, end of period			(1)						(61,659)						—
Balance, end of period, net of reinsurance			$	115,320					(222)						—
Net amount at risk			$	950,843					128,535						—
Weighted-average attained age of contract holders			68.8						66.8						0.0

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes Market risk benefits liability balances separately by amounts in an asset position and amounts in a liability position to the Market risk benefits liability amounts as of the end of the following periods.

			June 30, 2023																		June 30, 2022
			Asset						Liability						Net liability						Asset						Liability						Net liability
			(In thousands)
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit			$	40,073					179,943						139,870						42,358						157,679						115,321
Guaranteed annuitization benefits			—						68,933						68,933						—						61,437						61,437
Balance, end of period			$	40,073					248,876						208,803						42,358						219,116						176,758

For the periods shown, there were no notable changes made to the inputs to the fair value estimates of market risk benefit calculations other than the interest rates employed for purposes of calculating fair value.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(8) PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

(A)Defined Benefit Pension Plans

National Western sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan covering employees enrolled prior to 2008. The plan provides benefits based on the participants' years of service and compensation. The Company makes annual contributions to the plan that comply with the minimum funding provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"). On October 19, 2007, National Western's Board of Directors approved an amendment to freeze the pension plan as of December 31, 2007. The freeze ceased future benefit accruals to all participants and closed the plan to any new participants. In addition, all participants became immediately 100% vested in their accrued benefits as of that date. As participants are no longer earning a credit for service, future qualified defined benefit plan expense is projected to be minimal. Fair values of plan assets and liabilities are measured as of the prior December 31 for each year. The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit cost.

			Three Months Ended												Six Months Ended
			June 30,												June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Service cost			$	27					33						54						66
Interest cost			200						145						399						290
Expected return on plan assets			(310)						(393)						(620)						(787)
Amortization of net loss			69						33						139						67
Net periodic benefit cost			$	(14)					(182)						(28)						(364)

The service cost shown above for each period represents plan expenses expected to be paid out of plan assets. Under the clarified rules of the Pension Protection Act, plan expenses paid from plan assets are to be included in the plan's service cost component.

The Company's minimum required contribution for the 2023 plan year is $0.0 million. There were no planned contributions remaining for the 2022 plan year as of June 30, 2023. There were no planned contributions remaining for the 2023 plan year as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has made no contributions to the plan for the 2022 plan year and no contributions to the plan for the 2023 plan year.

The components of net periodic benefit cost including service cost are reported in the line item “Other operating expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

National Western also sponsors three non-qualified defined benefit pension plans. The first plan covers certain senior officers and provides benefits based on the participants' years of service and compensation. The primary pension obligations and administrative responsibilities of the plan are maintained by a pension administration firm, which is a subsidiary of American National Group, Inc. ("American National"), previously a related party. In the second quarter of 2022, American National was acquired by Brookfield Asset Management Reinsurance Partners Ltd. (subsequently renamed Brookfield Reinsurance Ltd.) and is therefore no longer a related party of National Western. American National (subsequently reorganized as a Limited Liability Corporation) has guaranteed the payment of pension obligations under the plan. However, the Company has a contingent liability with respect to the plan should these entities be unable to meet their obligations under the existing agreements. Also, the Company has a contingent liability with respect to the plan in the event that a plan participant continues employment with National Western beyond age seventy, the aggregate average annual participant salary increases exceed 10% per year, or any additional employees become eligible to participate in the plan. If any of these conditions are met, NWLGI would be responsible for any additional pension obligations resulting from these items. Amendments were made to the plan to allow an additional employee to participate and to change the benefit formula for Robert L. Moody, Sr., who was then Chairman of the Company. As previously mentioned, these additional obligations are a liability to the Company. Effective December 31, 2004, this plan was frozen with respect to the continued accrual of benefits of the then Chairman and Ross R. Moody (then President of the Company) in order to comply with law changes under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 ("Act").

Effective July 1, 2005, National Western established a second non-qualified defined benefit plan for the benefit of Robert L. Moody, Sr., who was then Chairman of the Company. This plan is intended to provide for post-2004 benefit accruals that mirror and supplement the pre-2005 benefit accruals under the previously discussed non-qualified plan, while complying with the requirements of the Act.

Effective November 1, 2005, National Western established a third non-qualified defined benefit plan for the benefit of Ross R. Moody, who was then President of the Company. This plan is intended to provide for post-2004 benefit accruals that supplement the pre-2005 benefit accruals under the first non-qualified plan as previously discussed, while complying with the requirements of the Act.

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit costs for the non-qualified defined benefit plans.

			Three Months Ended												Six Months Ended
			June 30,												June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Service cost			$	204					259						408						519
Interest cost			409						279						817						557
Amortization of prior service cost			15						15						30						30
Amortization of net loss			—						585						—						1,169
Net periodic benefit cost			$	628					1,138						1,255						2,275

As the plans are not funded, there is no expected return on plan assets shown in the net periodic benefit cost table above. The Company expects to contribute $2.0 million to these plans in 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had contributed $0.9 million to the plans.

The components of net periodic benefit cost including service cost are reported in the line item “Other operating expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Ozark National and NIS have no defined benefit plans.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(B)Postretirement Employment Plans Other Than Pension

National Western sponsors two healthcare plans that were amended in 2004 to provide postretirement benefits to certain fully-vested individuals. The plans are unfunded. The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit costs.

			Three Months Ended												Six Months Ended
			June 30,												June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Interest cost			$	61					43						122						86
Amortization of net loss			—						52						—						104
Net periodic benefit cost			$	61					95						122						190

As the plans are not funded, there is no expected return on plan assets shown in the net periodic benefit cost table above. The Company expects to contribute minimal amounts to the plans in 2023. Ozark National and NIS do not offer postemployment benefits.

The components of net periodic benefit cost including service cost are reported in the line item “Other operating expenses” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

(9) SEGMENT AND OTHER OPERATING INFORMATION

The Company defines its reportable operating segments as domestic life insurance, international life insurance, annuities, and ONL & Affiliates. These segments are organized based on product types, geographic marketing areas, and business groupings. Ozark National and NIS have been combined into a separate segment given its inter-related marketing and sales approach which consists of a coordinated sale of a non-participating whole life insurance product (Ozark National) and a mutual fund investment product (NIS). A fifth category "All Others" primarily includes investments and earnings of non-operating subsidiaries as well as other remaining investments and assets not otherwise supporting specific segment operations. In accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, the Company excludes or segregates realized investment gains and losses.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

A summary of segment information as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet items and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 for the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings is provided below.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Items:

			June 30, 2023
			Domestic Life Insurance						International  Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All  Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Deferred transaction costs			$	180,049					155,665						443,207						150,594						—						929,515
Market risk benefits asset			—						—						40,073						—						—						40,073
Total segment assets			1,868,280						869,799						7,919,330						962,050						349,006						11,968,465
Future policyholder obligations			1,574,178						643,096						5,543,613						584,241						—						8,345,128
Market risk benefits liability			—						—						248,876						—						—						248,876
Other policyholder liabilities			25,080						12,490						96,355						14,188						—						148,113
Funds withheld liability			—						—						1,243,314						—						—						1,243,314

			December 31, 2022
			Domestic Life Insurance						International  Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All  Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Deferred transaction costs			$	179,193					163,438						470,120						153,257						—						966,008
Market risk benefits asset			—						—						48,759						—						—						48,759
Total segment assets			1,803,876						889,022						8,270,315						994,318						335,343						12,292,874
Future policyholder obligations			1,553,624						675,786						5,907,974						573,255						—						8,710,639
Market risk benefits liability			—						—						215,777						—						—						215,777
Other policyholder liabilities			25,596						15,560						118,615						15,318						—						175,089
Funds withheld liability			—						—						1,333,036						—						—						1,333,036

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings:

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Life Insurance						International  Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All  Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Premiums and contract revenues			$	11,946					21,540						6,362						18,504						—						58,352
Net investment income			29,825						8,669						61,189						8,243						14,588						122,514
Other revenues			14						2						1,786						2,636						847						5,285
Total revenues			41,785						30,211						69,337						29,383						15,435						186,151
Life and other policy benefits			4,880						3,652						9,736						14,420						—						32,688
Market risk benefits expense			—						—						(788)						—						—						(788)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			3,209						3,993						12,399						2,399						—						22,000
Universal life and annuity contract interest			26,209						7,134						(396)						—						—						32,947
Other operating expenses			14,001						11,182						30,067						5,715						1,478						62,443
Federal income taxes			(1,198)						912						3,407						1,390						2,737						7,248
Total expenses			47,101						26,873						54,425						23,924						4,215						156,538
Segment earnings (loss)			$	(5,316)					3,338						14,912						5,459						11,220						29,613

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Life Insurance						International  Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All  Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Premiums and contract revenues			$	12,902					19,073						4,656						18,831						—						55,462
Net investment income (loss)			(5,955)						(2,983)						55,549						7,209						1,654						55,474
Other revenues			26						17						1,369						2,873						1,293						5,578
Total revenues			6,973						16,107						61,574						28,913						2,947						116,514
Life and other policy benefits			3,109						2,725						7,335						13,032						—						26,201
Policy benefit remeasurement (gain)/loss			—						—						—						—						—						—
Market risk benefits expense			—						—						(55,492)						—						—						(55,492)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			3,048						4,347						11,740						3,365						—						22,500
Universal life and annuity contract interest			(9,804)						(4,622)						(11,772)						—						—						(26,198)
Other operating expenses			6,327						4,377						12,809						5,090						1,719						30,322
Federal income taxes			875						1,880						19,566						1,509						219						24,049
Total expenses			3,555						8,707						(15,814)						22,996						1,938						21,382
Segment earnings			$	3,418					7,400						77,388						5,917						1,009						95,132

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Domestic Life Insurance						International Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Premiums and contract revenues			$	25,422					41,605						10,602						37,656						—						115,285
Net investment income			47,804						14,067						114,270						16,161						20,121						212,423
Other revenues			14						4						3,802						5,325						1,845						10,990
Total revenues			73,240						55,676						128,674						59,142						21,966						338,698
Life and other policy benefits			7,389						5,530						14,736						29,223						—						56,878
Market risk benefits expense			—						—						36,172						—						—						36,172
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			6,375						8,077						24,006						4,816						—						43,274
Universal life and annuity contract interest			39,347						10,946						12,866						—						—						63,159
Other operating expenses			18,422						14,908						40,651						10,218						2,927						87,126
Federal income taxes			330						3,135						47						3,030						3,682						10,224
Total expenses			71,863						42,596						128,478						47,287						6,609						296,833
Segment earnings			$	1,377					13,080						196						11,855						15,357						41,865

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Domestic Life Insurance						International Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Premiums and contract revenues			$	25,812					38,309						11,962						38,317						—						114,400
Net investment income			(8,942)						(7,037)						116,210						14,137						10,830						125,198
Other revenues			51						39						2,598						6,088						2,599						11,375
Total revenues			16,921						31,311						130,770						58,542						13,429						250,973
Life and other policy benefits			7,778						6,629						17,625						27,681						—						59,713
Market risk benefits expense			—						—						(116,498)						—						—						(116,498)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			6,541						8,839						23,719						6,837						—						45,936
Universal life and annuity contract interest			(16,577)						(10,343)						(12,849)						—						—						(39,769)
Other operating expenses			12,880						9,737						26,978						10,071						3,237						62,903
Federal income taxes			1,294						3,379						39,395						2,830						2,093						48,991
Total expenses			11,916						18,241						(21,630)						47,419						5,330						61,276
Segment earnings			$	5,005					13,070						152,400						11,123						8,099						189,697

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Reconciliations of segment information to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Premiums and Other Revenues:
Premiums and contract revenues			$	58,352					55,462						115,285						114,400
Net investment income			122,514						55,474						212,423						125,198
Other revenues			5,285						5,578						10,990						11,375
Realized gains on investments			26						1,766						93						5,560
Total condensed consolidated premiums and other revenues			$	186,177					118,280						338,791						256,533

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Federal Income Taxes:
Total segment Federal income taxes			$	7,248					24,049						10,224						48,991
Taxes on realized gains on investments			5						371						20						1,168
Total condensed consolidated Federal income taxes			$	7,253					24,420						10,244						50,159

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Net Earnings:
Total segment earnings			$	29,613					95,132						41,865						189,697
Realized gains on investments, net of taxes			21						1,395						73						4,392
Total condensed consolidated net earnings			$	29,634					96,527						41,938						194,089

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			June 30,						December 31,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Assets:
Total segment assets			$	11,968,465					12,292,874
Other unallocated assets			485,921						490,071
Total condensed consolidated assets			$	12,454,386					12,782,945

 (10) SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS

The Company's stockholders approved an Incentive Plan in 2016 which provides for the grant of any or all of the following types of awards to eligible employees: (1) stock options, including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options; (2) stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), in tandem with stock options or freestanding; (3) restricted stock or restricted stock units; and (4) performance awards. The number of shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, allowed to be issued under the Incentive Plan, cannot exceed 300,000. The Incentive Plan includes additional provisions, most notably regarding the definition of performance objectives which can be used in the issuance of the fourth type of award noted above (performance awards). The term of the Incentive Plan is for ten years from the date of stockholder approval.

All of the employees of the Company and its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the Incentive Plan. In addition, directors of the Company are eligible to receive the same types of awards as employees except that they are not eligible to receive incentive stock options. Company directors, including members of the Compensation and Stock Option Committee, are eligible for nondiscretionary stock options. SARs granted prior to 2016 vest 20% annually following three years of service following the grant date. Employee SARs granted 2016 and thereafter vest 33.3% annually following one year of service from the date of the grant. Directors' SARs grants vest 20% annually following one year of service from the date of grant.

The Incentive Plan allows for certain other share or unit awards which are solely paid out in cash based on the value of the Company's shares, or changes therein, as well as the financial performance of the Company under pre-determined target performance metrics. Certain awards, such as restricted stock units ("RSUs") provide solely for cash settlement based upon the market price of the Company's Class A Common Stock, often referred to as "phantom stock-based awards" in equity compensation plans. Unlike share-settled awards, which have a fixed grant-date fair value, the fair value of unsettled or unvested liability awards is remeasured at the end of each reporting period based on the change in fair value of a share. The liability and corresponding expense are adjusted accordingly until the award is settled. For employees, the vesting period for RSUs is 100% at the end of three years from the grant date. RSUs granted prior to 2019 were paid in cash at the vesting date equal to the closing price of the Company's Class A Common Stock on the three year anniversary date. RSUs granted in 2019 and after are payable in cash at the three year vesting date equal to the 20-day moving average closing price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at that time.

Other awards may involve performance share units ("PSUs") which are units granted at a specified dollar amount per unit, typically linked to the share price of the Class A Common Stock, that are subsequently multiplied by an attained performance factor to derive the number of PSUs to be paid as cash compensation at the vesting date. PSUs also vest three years from the date of grant. For PSUs, the performance period begins the first day of the calendar year for which the PSUs are granted and runs three calendar years. At that time, the three-year performance outcome is measured against the pre-defined target amounts to determine the number of PSUs earned as compensation. PSUs granted prior to 2019 were paid at the closing price of the Class A Common Stock on the vesting date. PSUs granted in 2019 and forward are payable at the 20-day moving average closing price of the Class A Common Stock at the vesting date.

PSU awards covering the three year measurement period ended December 31, 2022 were paid out in the first four months of 2023. The performance factor during the measurement period used to determine compensation payouts was 74.54% of the pre-defined metric target.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

PSU awards covering the three year measurement period ended December 31, 2021 were paid out in the first quarter of 2022. The performance factor during the measurement period used to determine compensation payouts was 110.19% of the pre-defined metric target.

Directors of the Company are eligible to receive RSUs under the Incentive Plan. Unlike RSUs granted to officers, the RSUs granted to directors vest one year from the date of grant and are payable in cash at the vesting date equal to the 20-day moving average closing price of the Class A Common Stock at that time.

The following table shows all grants issued to officers and directors during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. These grants were made based upon the 20-day moving average closing market price of the Company's Class A common share at the grant date.

			Three Months Ended
			June 30, 2023												June 30, 2022
			Officers						Directors						Officers						Directors
SARs			—						—						—						—
RSUs			—						2,170						—						3,710
PSUs			—						—						—						—

			Six Months Ended
			June 30, 2023												June 30, 2022
			Officers						Directors						Officers						Directors
SARs			—						—						—						—
RSUs			—						2,170						—						3,710
PSUs			—						—						—						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company uses the current fair value method to measure compensation costs for awards granted under the share-based plans. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the liability balance was $50.3 million and $20.5 million, respectively. A summary of awards by type and related activity is detailed below.

									Options Outstanding
			Shares Available for Issuance Pursuant to Grants						Shares						Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Stock Options:
Balance at January 1, 2023			291,000						—						$	—
Exercised			—						—						$	—
Forfeited			—						—						$	—
Expired			—						—						$	—
Stock options granted			—						—						$	—
Balance at June 30, 2023			291,000						—						$	—

			Liability Awards
			SARs						RSUs						PSUs
Other Share/Unit Awards:
Balance at January 1, 2023			286,589						21,861						24,845
Exercised			(1,908)						(3,710)						(6,066)
Forfeited			(2,861)						(248)						(335)
Granted			—						2,170						—
Balance at June 30, 2023			281,820						20,073						18,444

SARs, RSUs, and PSUs shown as forfeited in the above tables represent vested and unvested awards not exercised by plan participants upon their termination from the Company in accordance with the expiration provisions of the awards. Furthermore, under the terms of all outstanding SARs, RSUs and PSUs, all such awards may be settled only in cash. Accordingly, no shares of Class A Common Stock are issuable under the terms of such awards.

The total intrinsic value of share-based compensation exercised and paid was $1.6 million and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total fair value of SARs, RSUs, and PSUs vested during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $1.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. No cash amounts were received from the exercise of stock options under the Plans during the periods reported on.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table summarizes information about SARs outstanding at June 30, 2023.

						SARs Outstanding
						Number Outstanding						Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life						Number Exercisable
Exercise prices:
$210.22						21,750						0.4 years						21,750
$216.48						10,342						2.6 years						10,342
$311.16						7,881						3.6 years						7,881
$334.34						7,443						4.5 years						7,443
$303.77						9,357						5.5 years						9,357
$252.91						16,958						6.5 years						16,958
$192.10						36,503						7.4 years						24,327
$218.44						59,802						8.5 years						19,923
$220.61						111,784						9.5 years						—
Totals						281,820												117,981
Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)						$	53,494											$	21,120

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is based on the closing Class A Common Stock price of $415.56 per share on June 30, 2023.

The SARs shown above with an exercise price of $210.22 have a remaining contractual life of less than one year. The holders for this grant have until December 11, 2023, the end of the contractual term of the award grant, to exercise these holdings or otherwise forfeit the SAR grants held.

In estimating the fair value of the SARs outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company employed the Black-Scholes option pricing model with assumptions detailed below.

			June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
Expected term			0.4 to 9.5 years						0.9 to 10.0 years
Expected volatility weighted-average			39.94		%				36.18		%
Expected dividend yield			0.09		%				0.13		%
Risk-free rate weighted-average			4.48		%				4.19		%

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company reviewed the contractual term relative to the SARs as well as perceived future behavior patterns of exercise. Volatility is based on the Company’s historical volatility over the expected term of the SARs by expected exercise date.

The pre-tax compensation cost/(benefit) recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements related to these plans was $34.6 million and $32.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, and $1.0 million and $2.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The related tax expense/(benefit) recognized was $(7.3) million and $(6.8) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and $(0.2) million and $(0.5) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 is indicative of the Class A Common Stock price increasing from $281.00 per share at December 31, 2022 and $242.62 per share at March 31, 2023 to $415.56 per share at June 30, 2023.

As of June 30, 2023, the total pre-tax compensation expense related to non-vested share-based awards not yet recognized was $34.2 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years. The Company recognizes compensation cost over the graded vesting periods.

(11) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

(A)  Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved or may become involved in various legal actions in which claims for alleged economic and punitive damages have been or may be asserted, some for substantial amounts. In recent years, carriers offering life insurance and annuity products have faced litigation, including class action lawsuits, alleging improper product design, improper sales practices, and similar claims. As previously disclosed, the Company has been a defendant in prior years in such class action lawsuits. Given the uncertainty involved in these types of actions, the ability to make a reliable evaluation of the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or an estimate of the amount of or range of potential loss is endemic to the particular circumstances and evolving developments of each individual matter on its own merits.

In April of 2019, National Western defended a two-week jury trial in which it was alleged that the Company committed actionable Financial Elder Abuse in its issuance of a $100,000 equity indexed annuity to the Plaintiff in the case of Williams v Pantaleoni et al, Case No. 17CV03462, Butte County California Superior Court. The Court entered an Amended Judgment on the Jury Verdict on July 27, 2019 against National Western in the amount of $14,949 for economic damages and $2.9 million in non-economic and punitive damages. National Western vigorously disputed the verdicts and the amounts awarded, and in furtherance of such, filed a Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding Jury Verdict and a Motion for New Trial, both of which were rejected by the Court. On September 9, 2019, NWLIC filed its Notice of Appeal. On November 11, 2019, the judge awarded the Plaintiff attorney’s fees in the amount of $1.26 million. Both the Plaintiff and NWLIC appealed this ruling. On June 11, 2021, the appellate court reversed the judgment and directed the trial court to enter judgment in favor of NWLIC. Plaintiff then filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of California. On September 22, 2021, the California Supreme Court granted review and transferred the case back to the appellate court with instructions to vacate its decision and reconsider its finding that Mr. Pantaleoni did not have an agency relationship with NWLIC. On March 4, 2022, the appellate court filed an opinion completely striking the award of punitive damages that had been in the amount of $2.5 million, affirming economic damages of $14,949 and non-economic damages of $420,000, and awarding Plaintiff costs on appeal. The appellate court remanded the case to the trial court to reconsider the attorney fee award of $1.26 million in light of the reversal of punitive damages. Upon petitions for rehearing separately filed by both parties, the appellate court vacated its March 4th decision. On May 10, 2022, the appellate court filed its new opinion once again completely striking the award of punitive damages that had been in the amount of $2.5 million, affirming economic damages of $14,949 and non-economic damages of $420,000, and awarding Plaintiff costs on appeal. The appellate court again remanded the case to the trial court to reconsider the attorney fee award of $1.26 million in light of the reversal of punitive damages. The California Supreme Court denied National Western’s appeal while ordering the appellate decision depublished. This denial made the appellate court’s decision final, which was to strike the award of punitive damages, to affirm the award of economic damages of $14,949 and non-economic damages of $420,000, and to award Plaintiff costs on appeal. The trial court subsequently awarded Plaintiff appellate costs of $538,461, and reduced Plaintiff's trial fees to $842,380. The parties agreed to a judgment, and final payment of fees was tendered by the Company in January 2023. The amount was accrued for and included in the Company's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

In the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company reported that it experienced a data event in which an intruder accessed and exfiltrated certain data from the Company's network and that it was aware of two proposed class actions filed against National Western: Mildred Baldwin, on behalf of herself and others similarly situated vs. National Western Life Insurance Company, Missouri Circuit Court for the 18th Judicial Circuit (Pettis County) filed February 16, 2021, and Douglas Dyrssen Sr., individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated vs. National Western Life Insurance Company and National Western Life Group, Inc., United States District Court for the Eastern District of California filed March 8, 2021. The parties subsequently agreed to consolidate those two proposed class actions into a single proposed class action, Mildred Baldwin, on behalf of herself and others similarly situated vs. National Western Life Insurance Company, United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri. Baldwin was seeking an undetermined amount of damages, attorneys' fees and costs, injunctive relief, declaratory and other equitable relief, and enjoinment. National Western filed a Motion to Dismiss on July 16, 2021. On July 26, 2021, the parties filed a Joint Motion to Stay Pending Mediation, which the court denied. On September 15, 2021, the court granted in part and denied in part National Western’s Motion to Dismiss. At a mediation held on October 12, 2021, the parties agreed on preliminary terms to settle the litigation. The parties filed a Joint Notice of Settlement and Motion to Stay Deadlines with the court on October 20, 2021. The Company accrued $4.4 million for this matter at December 31, 2021. The Court issued an order preliminarily approving the settlement on January 19, 2022. The Court issued an order granting final approval of the settlement on June 16, 2022. The ultimate payments due under the settlement terms were paid in 2022.

The Company was informed by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) that it had countersigned a previously negotiated closing agreement effective February 11, 2022 (“Agreement”) by and between National Western and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue pertaining to an open matter regarding the tax status of certain of the Company’s international life insurance products. Under terms of the Agreement, the Company was to remit to the IRS a payment in the amount of $4.9 million within sixty days of the effective date of the Agreement and to make stipulated adjustments to the policies covered under the Agreement within ninety days of the effective date. The Company had previously accrued for this contingency in a financial statement period predating the financial statements for the three years ended December 31, 2022.

(B) Financial Instruments

In order to meet the financing needs of its customers in the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments are commitments to extend credit which involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amounts, assuming that the amounts are fully advanced and that collateral or other security is of no value. Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to a customer that generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Commitments do not necessarily represent future liquidity requirements, as some could expire without being drawn upon. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The Company controls the credit risk of these transactions through credit approvals, limits, and monitoring procedures.

The Company had $5.0 million commitments to fund new loans and $31.9 million commitments to extend credit relating to existing loans at June 30, 2023. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The Company also had open commitments to make capital contributions to alternative investment debt and equity funds of $196.0 million as of June 30, 2023. The Company had unfunded commitments on private placements of $0.0 million and unfunded commitments on revolver loans of $1.2 million as of June 30, 2023.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(12) INVESTMENTS

(A)Investment Gains and Losses

The Company uses the specific identification method in computing realized gains and losses. The table below presents realized gains and losses for the periods indicated.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Realized gains on disposal			$	46					1,766						113						5,224
Realized losses on disposal			—						—						—						—
Real estate gains (losses)			(20)						—						(20)						336
Totals			$	26					1,766						93						5,560

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the percentage of total gains (losses) on bonds due to the call of securities was 100.0% and 77.7%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 the percentage of total gains on bonds due to the call of securities was 44.0% and 92.5%, respectively.

(B)Debt Securities

The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2023.

			Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
			Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Allowance for Credit Losses
			(In thousands)
U.S. agencies			$	25,563					—						(258)						25,305						—
U.S. Treasury			2,817						—						(97)						2,720						—
States and political subdivisions			459,815						535						(54,711)						405,639						—
Foreign governments			62,956						—						(15,056)						47,900						—
Public utilities			618,638						113						(63,324)						555,427						—
Corporate			5,711,727						1,680						(523,221)						5,190,186						—
Commercial mortgage-backed			26,950						—						(2,081)						24,869						—
Residential mortgage-backed			284,705						179						(15,441)						269,443						—
Asset-backed			890,316						1,507						(89,212)						802,611						—
Totals			$	8,083,487					4,014						(763,401)						7,324,100						—

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The table below presents amortized costs and fair values of debt securities available-for-sale at December 31, 2022.

			Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
			Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Allowance for Credit Losses
			(In thousands)
U.S. agencies			$	21,003					—						(377)						20,626						—
U.S. Treasury			2,813						6						(90)						2,729						—
States and political subdivisions			476,338						668						(65,507)						411,499						—
Foreign governments			62,964						—						(17,076)						45,888						—
Public utilities			681,785						117						(66,765)						615,137						—
Corporate			6,199,886						1,940						(570,255)						5,631,571						—
Commercial mortgage-backed			21,965						—						(1,680)						20,285						—
Residential mortgage-backed			337,186						183						(16,338)						321,031						—
Asset-backed			634,820						168						(92,121)						542,867						—
Totals			$	8,438,760					3,082						(830,209)						7,611,633						—

Unrealized losses for debt securities available-for-sale decreased at June 30, 2023 from comparable balances at December 31, 2022 primarily due to decreases in interest rate levels during the period. The ten-year U.S. Treasury bond decreased 4 basis points during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Debt securities balances at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 include Ozark National holdings of $707.2 million and $674.8 million, respectively, in available-for-sale.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale debt securities by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023.

			Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or Greater												Total
			Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses
			(In thousands)
U.S. agencies			$	4,812					(23)						20,493						(235)						25,305						(258)
U.S. Treasury			1,005						(6)						1,715						(91)						2,720						(97)
States and political subdivisions			73,667						(1,552)						298,198						(53,159)						371,865						(54,711)
Foreign governments			1,027						(38)						46,873						(15,018)						47,900						(15,056)
Public utilities			71,438						(483)						481,425						(62,841)						552,863						(63,324)
Corporate			620,229						(11,013)						4,457,994						(512,208)						5,078,223						(523,221)
Commercial mortgage-backed			4,964						(37)						19,905						(2,044)						24,869						(2,081)
Residential mortgage-backed			77,817						(2,094)						186,047						(13,347)						263,864						(15,441)
Asset-backed			149,310						(3,840)						555,168						(85,372)						704,478						(89,212)
Totals			$	1,004,269					(19,086)						6,067,818						(744,315)						7,072,087						(763,401)

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair values of the Company's available-for-sale debt securities by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2022.

			Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
			Less than 12 Months												12 Months or Greater												Total
			Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses						Fair Value						Unrealized Losses
			(In thousands)
U.S. agencies			$	20,626					(377)						—						—						20,626						(377)
U.S. Treasury			1,749						(90)						—						—						1,749						(90)
States and political subdivisions			346,009						(55,014)						28,420						(10,493)						374,429						(65,507)
Foreign governments			22,591						(7,658)						23,296						(9,420)						45,887						(17,078)
Public utilities			601,824						(61,970)						10,747						(4,795)						612,571						(66,765)
Corporate			4,985,075						(432,492)						434,625						(137,763)						5,419,700						(570,255)
Commercial mortgage-backed			20,285						(1,680)						—						—						20,285						(1,680)
Residential mortgage-backed			307,410						(16,338)						—						—						307,410						(16,338)
Asset-backed			368,132						(59,936)						156,719						(32,185)						524,851						(92,121)
Totals			$	6,673,701					(635,555)						653,807						(194,656)						7,327,508						(830,211)

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Debt securities. The gross unrealized losses for debt securities are made up of 1,054 individual issues, or 94.9% of the total debt securities held available-for-sale by the Company at June 30, 2023. The market value of these bonds as a percent of amortized cost approximates 90.3%. Of the 1,054 securities, 857, or 81.3%, fall in the 12 months or greater aging category and 1,038 were rated investment grade at June 30, 2023.

The amortized cost and fair value of investments in debt securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

			Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
			(In thousands)
Due in 1 year or less			$	780,067					768,583
Due after 1 year through 5 years			2,777,128						2,644,309
Due after 5 years through 10 years			1,351,777						1,205,281
Due after 10 years			1,972,544						1,609,004
			6,881,516						6,227,177
Mortgage and asset-backed securities			1,201,971						1,096,923
Totals before allowance for credit losses			8,083,487						7,324,100
Allowance for credit losses			—						—
Totals			$	8,083,487					7,324,100

The Company determines current expected credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities when fair value is less than amortized cost, interest payments are missed, and the security is experiencing credit issues. Provisions to and releases from the allowance for credit losses are recorded in net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Based on its review, the Company determined none of these investments required an allowance for credit loss at June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022. The Company's operating procedures include monitoring the investment portfolio on an ongoing basis for any changes in issuer facts and circumstances that might lead to future need for a credit loss allowance.

(C)Transfer of Securities

During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company made no transfers between debt securities available-for-sale and trading. The Company does not classify any debt securities as held-to-maturity.

(D) Mortgage Loans and Real Estate

A financing receivable is a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that is recognized as an asset in a company’s statement of financial position. The Company’s mortgage, participation and mezzanine loans on real estate are the only financing receivables included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

In general, the Company originates loans on high quality, income-producing properties such as shopping centers, freestanding retail stores, office buildings, storage units, industrial and sales or service facilities, selected apartment buildings, hotels, and health care facilities. The location of these properties are typically in major metropolitan areas that offer a potential for property value appreciation. Credit and default risk are minimized through strict underwriting guidelines and diversification of underlying property types and geographic locations. In addition to being secured by the property, mortgage loans with leases on the underlying property are supported by the lease payments.  This approach has proven to result in quality mortgage loans with few defaults. Mortgage loan interest income is recognized on an accrual basis with any premium or discount amortized over the life of the loan. Prepayment and late fees are recorded on the date of collection.

The Company targets a minimum specified yield on mortgage loan investments determined by reference to currently available debt security instrument yields plus a desired amount of incremental basis points. A low interest rate environment and a competitive marketplace, have resulted in fewer loan opportunities being available meeting the Company's required rate of return. The subsequent rapid rise in interest rate levels beginning in 2022 caused potential mortgage loan opportunities to fall outside the Company's underwriting criteria further causing a lower level of originations. Mortgage loans originated by the Company totaled $1.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared with $44.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2022 and $47.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Loans in foreclosure, loans considered impaired or loans past due 90 days or more are placed on a non-accrual status. If a mortgage loan is determined to be on non-accrual status, the mortgage loan does not accrue any revenue into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan is independently monitored and evaluated as to potential impairment or foreclosure. If delinquent payments are made and the loan is brought current, then the Company returns the loan to active status and accrues income accordingly. The Company had no mortgage loans past due 90 days or more at June 30, 2023 or 2022 and as a result all interest income was recognized at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Included in the mortgage loan investment balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were three mortgage loan investments made by Prosperity under the funds withheld reinsurance agreement totaling $19.4 million and $19.3 million, respectively. The Company has elected fair value measurement for these mortgage loans, and similar to trading debt securities, these loans are reported at fair market values in order to allow the market value fluctuation to be recorded directly in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and to offset the embedded derivative liability change due to market value fluctuations.

The following table represents the mortgage loan portfolio by loan-to-value ratio.

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Amount						%						Amount						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Mortgage Loans by Loan-to-Value Ratio (1):
Less than 50%			$	117,452					23.5						$	100,757					19.7
50% to 60%			142,526						28.5						145,093						28.4
60% to 70%			198,138						39.6						217,445						42.6
70% to 80%			42,169						8.4						47,300						9.3
Gross balance			500,285						100.0						510,595						100.0
Market value adjustment			(1,138)						(0.2)						(1,290)						(0.3)
Allowance for credit losses			(3,736)						(0.8)						(3,575)						(0.7)
Totals			$	495,411					99.0						$	505,730					99.0

(1) Loan-to-Value Ratio is determined using the most recent appraised value. Appraisals are required at the time of funding and may be updated if a material change occurs from the original loan agreement.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

All mortgage loans, excluding mortgage loans carried at fair value, are analyzed on an ongoing basis in order to monitor the financial quality of these assets. Mortgage loans with a likelihood of becoming delinquent are identified and placed on an internal “watch list.” Among the criteria that would indicate a potential problem include: major tenant vacancies or bankruptcies, late payments, and loan relief/restructuring requests. Specific mortgage loans on the internal watch list are analyzed to determine whether an impairment has occurred on any loan that would require a write down of its carrying value in the financial statements.

The Company maintains a general valuation allowance following the GAAP standard for current expected credit losses ("CECL"). The objective of the CECL model is for the reporting entity to recognize its estimate of current expected credit losses for affected financial assets in a valuation allowance deducted from the amortized cost basis of the related financial assets that results in presenting the net carrying value of financial assets at the amount expected to be collected. For mortgage loan investments the Company employs the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity ("WARM") method in estimating current expected losses with respect to mortgage loan investments. The WARM method applies publicly available data of default incidence of commercial real estate properties by several defined segmentations combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. Changes in the allowance for current expected credit losses are reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

The following table represents the mortgage loan allowance for credit losses.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Mortgage Loans Allowance for Credit Losses:
Balance, beginning of the period			$	3,703					2,816						3,575						2,987
Provision during the period			33						(243)						161						(414)
Total ending allowance for credit losses			$	3,736					2,573						3,736						2,573

The Company's direct investments in real estate are reported in Other long-term investments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts are not a significant portion of the total investment portfolio and totaled approximately $27.4 million and $27.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These investments consist primarily of a half-dozen income-producing properties which are being operated by a wholly owned subsidiary of National Western. The Company recognized operating income on real estate properties of approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold land located in Freeport, Texas and Houston, Texas for a net realized gain of $0.3 million.

(13) FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

For financial instruments the FASB provides guidance which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP, and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. In compliance with this GAAP guidance, the Company has categorized its financial instruments, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three level hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities ("Level 1") and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs ("Level 3"). If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized as follows:

Level 1: Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Company for identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. These generally provide the most reliable evidence and are used to measure fair value whenever available. The Company's Level 1 assets are equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets.

Level 2:  Fair value is based upon significant inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability through corroboration with observable market data as of the reporting date. Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable and other observable inputs. The Company’s Level 2 assets include fixed maturity debt securities (corporate and private bonds, government or agency securities, asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities). The Company's Level 2 liabilities include the embedded derivative on reinsurance. Valuations are generally obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or determined through use of valuation methodologies using observable market inputs.

Level 3:  Fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs which reflect the entity’s or third party pricing service’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company’s Level 3 assets include private debt securities available-for-sale, private trading securities, over-the-counter derivative contracts, mortgage loans, and market risk benefits assets. The Company’s Level 3 liabilities consist of share-based compensation obligations, certain equity-index product-related embedded derivatives, market risk benefits liabilities and an embedded derivative on reinsurance. Valuations are estimated based on non-binding broker prices or internally developed valuation models or methodologies, discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables set forth the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the date indicated.

			June 30, 2023
			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale			$	7,324,100					—						6,840,120						483,980
Debt securities, trading			1,069,625						—						928,001						141,624
Equity securities			23,157						19,697						3,460						—
Mortgage loans			19,422						—						—						19,422
Derivatives, index options			72,863						—						—						72,863
Short-term investments			7,821						—						7,821						—
Total assets			$	8,516,988					19,697						7,779,402						717,889
Policyholder account balances (a)			$	430,320					—						—						430,320
Market risk benefits liabilities, net (b)			208,803						—						—						208,803
Embedded derivative contra-liability (c)			(313,744)						—						(304,318)						(9,426)
Other liabilities (d)			50,295						—						—						50,295
Total liabilities			$	375,674					—						(304,318)						679,992

(a)  Represents the fair value of certain product-related embedded derivatives that were recorded at fair value.

(b)  Represents the fair value of the market risk benefits liability which is recorded at fair value.

(c)  Represents the embedded derivative for funds withheld which is recorded at fair value.

(d)  Represents the liability for share-based compensation which is recorded at fair value.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company made no transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 for debt securities available-for-sale. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, a portion of the funds withheld embedded derivative liability was reclassified from Level 2 into Level 3 due to the presence of unobservable inputs in its valuation.

			December 31, 2022
			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale			$	7,611,633					—						7,148,838						462,795
Debt security, trading			1,065,993						—						942,756						123,237
Equity securities			22,076						18,407						3,669						—
Mortgage loans			19,334						—						—						19,334
Derivatives, index options			23,669						—						—						23,669
Market risk benefits assets			—						—						—						—
Short-term investments			3,937						—						3,937						—
Total assets			$	8,746,642					18,407						8,099,200						629,035
Policyholder account balances (a)			$	387,686					—						—						387,686
Market risk benefits liabilities, net (b)			167,018						—						—						167,018
Embedded derivative contra-liability (c)			(334,955)						—						(324,712)						(10,243)
Other liabilities (d)			20,542						—						—						20,542
Total liabilities			$	240,291					—						(324,712)						565,003

(a)  Represents the fair value of certain product-related embedded derivatives that were recorded at fair value.

(b)  Represents the fair value of the market risk benefits liability which is recorded at fair value.

(c)  Represents the embedded derivative for funds withheld which is recorded at fair value.

(d)  Represents the liability for share-based compensation which is recorded at fair value.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present, by pricing source and fair value hierarchy level, the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

			June 30, 2023
			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale:
Priced by third-party vendors			$	7,210,694					—						6,840,120						370,574
Priced internally			113,406						—						—						113,406
Subtotal			7,324,100						—						6,840,120						483,980
Debt securities, trading:
Priced by third-party vendors			1,069,625						—						928,001						141,624
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			1,069,625						—						928,001						141,624
Equity securities:
Priced by third-party vendors			23,157						19,697						3,460						—
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			23,157						19,697						3,460						—
Mortgage loans:
Priced by third-party vendors			—						—						—						—
Priced internally			19,422						—						—						19,422
Subtotal			19,422						—						—						19,422
Derivatives, index options:
Priced by third-party vendors			72,863						—						—						72,863
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			72,863						—						—						72,863
Short-term Investments:
Priced by third-party vendors			7,821						—						7,821						—
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			7,821						—						7,821						—
Total			$	8,516,988					19,697						7,779,402						717,889
Percent of total			100.0		%				0.2		%				91.4		%				8.4		%

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			December 31, 2022
			Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
Debt securities, available-for-sale:
Priced by third-party vendors			$	7,535,630					—						7,148,838						386,792
Priced internally			76,003						—						—						76,003
Subtotal			7,611,633						—						7,148,838						462,795
Debt securities, trading:
Priced by third-party vendors			1,065,993						—						942,756						123,237
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			1,065,993						—						942,756						123,237
Equity securities:
Priced by third-party vendors			22,076						18,407						3,669						—
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			22,076						18,407						3,669						—
Mortgage loans:
Priced by third-party vendors			—						—						—						—
Priced internally			19,334						—						—						19,334
Subtotal			19,334						—						—						19,334
Derivatives, index options:
Priced by third-party vendors			23,669						—						—						23,669
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			23,669						—						—						23,669
Short-term investments:
Priced by third-party vendors			3,937						—						3,937						—
Priced internally			—						—						—						—
Subtotal			3,937						—						3,937						—
Total			$	8,746,642					18,407						8,099,200						629,035
Percent of total			100.0		%				0.2		%				92.6		%				7.2		%

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables provide additional information about fair value measurements for Level 3 for which significant unobservable inputs were utilized to determine fair value.

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Assets
			Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale						Trading Securities						Derivatives, Index Options						Mortgage Loans						Total Assets
			(In thousands)
Beginning balance, April 1, 2023			$	488,349					145,899						39,233						19,555						693,036
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			—						(861)						20,921						(102)						19,958
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			(1,751)						—						—						—						(1,751)
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			13,124						4,405						12,979						—						30,508
Sales			—						—						—						—						—
Issuances			—						—						—						—						—
Settlements			(15,742)						(7,819)						(270)						(31)						(23,862)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—						—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2023			$	483,980					141,624						72,863						19,422						717,889
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	—					(861)						21,841						(102)						20,878
Benefits and expenses			—						—						—						—						—
Total			$	—					(861)						21,841						(102)						20,878

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Total Liabilities
			Embedded Derivative on Funds Withheld Liability						Policyholder Account Balances						Other Liabilities						Market Risk Benefits Liabilities, net												Total Liabilities
Beginning balance, April 1, 2023			$	(8,464)					394,153						17,244						211,357												614,290
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			(962)						23,458						34,582						(2,619)												54,459
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—												—
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			—						12,979						—						—												12,979
Sales			—						—						—						—												—
Issuances			—						—						22						65												87
Settlements			—						(270)						(1,553)						—												(1,823)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—						—						—						—												—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2023			$	(9,426)					430,320						50,295						208,803												679,992
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	(962)					—						—						—												(962)
Benefits and expenses			—						21,841						34,582						(2,619)												53,804
Total			$	(962)					21,841						34,582						(2,619)												52,842

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Assets
			Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale																		Trading Securities						Derivatives, Index Options						Mortgage Loans						Total Assets
			(In thousands)
Beginning balance, April 1, 2022			$	338,201																	101,504						44,861						11,120						495,686
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			—																		(3,235)						(38,425)						(670)						(42,330)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			(15,689)																		—						—						—						(15,689)
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			57,979																		1,500						13,800						8,319						81,598
Sales			—																		—						—						—						—
Issuances			—																		—						—						—						—
Settlements			(6,534)																		—						(14,165)						(31)						(20,730)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—																		—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2022			$	373,957																	99,769						6,071						18,738						498,535
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	—																	(3,235)						(26,975)						(670)						(30,880)
Benefits and expenses			—																		—						—						—						—
Total			$	—																	(3,235)						(26,975)						(670)						(30,880)

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Total Liabilities
			Embedded Derivative on Funds Withheld Liability						Policyholder Account Balances						Other Liabilities						Market Risk Benefits Liabilities												Total Liabilities
Beginning balance, April 1, 2022			$	(2,636)					444,582						8,444						234,844												685,234
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			(3,898)						(61,496)						936						(58,130)												(122,588)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			—						—						—						—												—
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			—						13,800						—						—												13,800
Sales			—						—						—						—												—
Issuances			—						—						29						44												73
Settlements			—						(14,165)						(77)						—												(14,242)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—						—						—						—												—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2022			$	(6,534)					382,721						9,332						176,758												562,277
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	(3,898)					—						—						—												(3,898)
Benefits and expenses			—						(26,975)						936						(58,130)												(84,169)
Total			$	(3,898)					(26,975)						936						(58,130)												(88,067)

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Assets
			Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale						Trading Securities						Derivatives, Index Options						Mortgage Loans						Total Assets
			(In thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023			$	462,796					123,236						23,669						19,334						629,035
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			—						664						23,854						152						24,670
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			4,855						—						—						—						4,855
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			35,657						28,762						25,610						—						90,029
Sales			—						—						—						—						—
Issuances			—						—						—						—						—
Settlements			(19,328)						(11,038)						(270)						(64)						(30,700)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—						—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2023			$	483,980					141,624						72,863						19,422						717,889
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	—					664						25,074						152						25,890
Benefits and expenses			—						—						—						—						—
Total			$	—					664						25,074						152						25,890

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

																																	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
									Liabilities
																																	Embedded Derivative on Funds Withheld Liability						Policyholder Account Balances						Other Liabilities						Market Risk Benefits Liabilities						Total Liabilities
																																	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023																																	$	(10,243)					387,686						20,542						167,018						565,003
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings																																	817						17,294						32,268						41,698						92,077
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)																																	—						—						—						—						—
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases																																	—						25,610						—						—						25,610
Sales																																	—						—						—						—						—
Issuances																																	—						—						22						87						109
Settlements																																	—						(270)						(2,537)						—						(2,807)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3																																	—						—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2023																																	$	(9,426)					430,320						50,295						208,803						679,992
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income																																	$	817					—						—						—						817
Benefits and expenses																																	—						25,074						32,268						41,698						99,040
Total																																	$	817					25,074						32,268						41,698						99,857

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Assets
			Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale						Trading Securities						Derivatives, Index Options						Mortgage Loans						Total Assets
			(In thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022			$	326,962					74,822						101,622						8,469						511,875
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings			—						(6,603)						(76,624)						(1,128)						(84,355)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)			(30,693)						—						—						—						(30,693)
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases			95,984						31,550						26,257						11,459						165,250
Sales			—						—						—						—						—
Issuances			—						—						—						—						—
Settlements			(18,296)						—						(45,184)						(62)						(63,542)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3			—						—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period June 30, 2022			$	373,957					99,769						6,071						18,738						498,535
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income			$	—					(6,603)						(59,382)						(1,128)						(67,113)
Benefits and expenses			—						—						—						—						—
Total			$	—					(6,603)						(59,382)						(1,128)						(67,113)

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

																																	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
									Liabilities
																																	Embedded Derivative on Funds Withheld Liability						Policyholder Account Balances						Other Liabilities						Market Risk Benefits Liabilities						Total Liabilities
																																	(In thousands)
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022																																	$	—					550,596						7,869						299,833						858,298
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in net earnings																																	(7,703)						(148,948)						2,511						(123,487)						(277,627)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)																																	—						—						—						—						—
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net:
Purchases																																	—						26,257						—						—						26,257
Sales																																	—						—						—						—						—
Issuances																																	—						—						29						412						441
Settlements																																	—						(45,184)						(1,077)						—						(46,261)
Transfers into (out of) Level 3																																	1,169						—						—						—						1,169
Balance at end of period June 30, 2022																																	$	(6,534)					382,721						9,332						176,758						562,277
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) for assets/liabilities held at the end of the reporting period:
Net investment income																																	$	(7,703)					—						—						—						(7,703)
Benefits and expenses																																	—						(59,382)						2,511						(123,487)						(180,358)
Total																																	$	(7,703)					(59,382)						2,511						(123,487)						(188,061)

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents the valuation method for financial assets and liabilities priced internally and categorized as level 3, as well as the unobservable inputs used in the valuation of those financial instruments:

June 30, 2023

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(In thousands)

Assets:

Debt securities available-for-sale

$

113,406

Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

4.32% - 7.37% (5.62%)

Mortgage loans

19,422

Discounted cash flows

Spread

175 - 300 bps

Total assets

$

132,828

Liabilities:

Policyholder account balances

$

430,320

Deterministic cash flow model

Projected option cost

0.00% - 8.91% (3.48%)

Share-based compensation

50,295

Black-Scholes model

Expected term

0.4 to 9.5 years

Expected volatility

39.94%

Market risk benefits liabilities, net

208,803

Risk-neutral valuation

Benefit utilization rates

5% - 20% (5%)

Total liabilities

$

689,418

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

December 31, 2022

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Input

Range (Weighted Average)

(In thousands)

Assets:

Debt securities available-for-sale

$

76,003

Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

4.32% - 7.28% (5.79%)

Mortgage loans

19,334

Discounted cash flows

Spread

150 - 300 bps

Total assets

$

95,337

Liabilities:

Policyholder account balances

$

387,686

Deterministic cash flow model

Projected option cost

0.00% - 5.7% (2.92%)

Share-based compensation

20,542

Black-Scholes model

Expected term

0.9 to 10.0 years

Expected volatility

36.18%

Market risk benefits liabilities, net

167,018

Risk-neutral valuation

Benefit utilization rates

5% - 20% (5%)

Total liabilities

$

575,246

The tables above exclude certain securities for which fair values are obtained and unadjusted from third party vendors, including the funds withheld trading debt securities supporting the embedded derivative liability. Realized gains (losses) on debt securities are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings as Net realized investment gains (losses) with liabilities reported as expenses. Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities are reported as Other comprehensive income (loss) within the stockholders' equity section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized gains (losses) on trading debt securities are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings as Net investment income.

The fair value hierarchy classifications are reviewed each reporting period. Reclassification of certain financial assets and liabilities may result based on changes in the observability of valuation attributes. Reclassifications are reported as transfers into and out of Level 3 at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company's financial instruments are as follows:

			June 30, 2023
															Fair Value Hierarchy Level
			Carrying Values						Fair Values						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
ASSETS
Debt securities, available-for-sale			$	7,324,100					7,324,100						—						6,840,120						483,980
Debt securities, trading			1,069,625						1,069,625						—						928,001						141,624
Cash and cash equivalents			291,820						291,820						291,820						—						—
Mortgage loans			495,411						448,594						—						—						448,594
Real estate			27,413						47,867						—						—						47,867
Policy loans			69,123						88,368						—						—						88,368
Other loans			38,991						39,052						—						—						39,052
Derivatives, index options			72,863						72,863						—						—						72,863
Equity securities			23,157						23,157						19,697						3,460						—
Short-term investments			7,821						7,821						—						7,821						—
Life interest in Libbie Shearn Moody Trust			7,100						12,775						—						—						12,775
Other investments			4,513						30,323						—						—						30,323
LIABILITIES
Deferred annuity contracts			$	5,228,773					3,626,023						—						—						3,626,023
Immediate annuity and supplemental contracts			356,181						363,023						—						—						363,023
Market risk benefits liabilities, net			208,803						208,803						—						—						208,803

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

			December 31, 2022
															Fair Value Hierarchy Level
			Carrying Values						Fair Values						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3
			(In thousands)
ASSETS
Debt securities, available-for-sale			$	7,611,633					7,611,633						—						7,148,837						462,796
Debt securities, trading			1,065,993						1,065,993						—						942,756						123,237
Cash and cash equivalents			295,270						295,270						295,270						—						—
Mortgage loans			505,730						457,873						—						—						457,873
Real estate			27,712						47,867						—						—						47,867
Policy loans			70,495						87,478						—						—						87,478
Other loans			31,586						31,915						—						—						31,915
Derivatives, index options			23,669						23,669						—						—						23,669
Equity securities			22,076						22,076						18,407						3,669						—
Short-term investments			3,937						3,937						—						3,937						—
Life interest in Libbie Shearn Moody Trust			7,100						12,775						—						—						12,775
Other investments			4,513						26,230						—						—						26,230
LIABILITIES
Deferred annuity contracts			$	5,583,038					3,934,517						—						—						3,934,517
Immediate annuity and supplemental contracts			367,128						373,346						—						—						373,346
Market risk benefits liabilities, net			167,018						167,018						—						—						167,018

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

(14) DERIVATIVES

Fixed-index products provide traditional fixed annuities and universal life contracts with the option to have credited interest rates linked in part to an underlying equity index or a combination of equity indices. The equity return component of such policy contracts is identified separately and accounted for in future policy benefits as embedded derivatives on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The remaining portions of these policy contracts are considered the host contracts and are recorded separately as fixed annuity or universal life contracts. The host contracts are accounted for under debt instrument type accounting in which future policy benefits are recorded as discounted debt instruments and accreted, using the effective yield method, to their minimum account values at their projected maturities or termination dates.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The Company purchases over-the-counter index options, which are derivative financial instruments, to hedge the equity return component of its fixed-index annuity and life products. The index options act as hedges to match closely the returns on the underlying index or indices. The amounts which may be credited to policyholders are linked, in part, to the returns of the underlying index or indices. As a result, changes to policyholders' liabilities are substantially offset by changes in the value of the options. Cash is exchanged upon purchase of the index options and no principal or interest payments are made by either party during the option periods. Upon maturity or expiration of the options, cash may be paid to the Company depending on the performance of the underlying index or indices and terms of the contract.

The Company does not elect hedge accounting relative to these derivative instruments. The index options are reported at fair value in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The changes in the values of the index options and the changes in the policyholder liabilities are both reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Any changes relative to the embedded derivatives associated with policy contracts are reflected in contract interest in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Any gains or losses from the sale or expiration of the options, as well as period-to-period changes in values, are reflected as net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Although there is credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to the index options, the Company does not expect any of its counterparties to fail to meet their obligations, given their high credit ratings. In addition, credit support agreements are in place with all counterparties for option holdings in excess of specific limits, which may further reduce the Company's credit exposure.

The Company maintains two coinsurance funds withheld reinsurance agreements under which identified assets with underlying unrealized gains (losses) are maintained in a funds withheld account. While the assets are withheld, the associated interest and credit risk of these assets are transferred to the reinsurer, creating an embedded derivative on reinsurance in the funds withheld liability. Accordingly, the Company is required to bifurcate the embedded derivative from the host contract in accordance with GAAP. The fair value of the embedded derivative on reinsurance is computed as the unrealized gain (loss) on the underlying funds withheld assets. This amount is included as a component of the funds withheld liability balance on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with changes in the embedded derivative on reinsurance reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Changes in the funds withheld liability are reported in operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The tables below present the fair value of derivative instruments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

June 30, 2023

Asset Derivatives

Liability Derivatives

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Equity index options

Derivatives, Index Options

$

72,863

Fixed-index products

Universal life and annuity contracts

$

430,320

Embedded derivative on reinsurance contract

Funds withheld liability

(313,744)

Total

$

72,863

$

116,576

December 31, 2022

Asset Derivatives

Liability Derivatives

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

Balance Sheet Location

Fair Value

(In thousands)

(In thousands)

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

Equity index options

Derivatives, Index Options

$

23,669

Fixed-index products

Universal life and annuity contracts

$

387,686

Embedded derivative on reinsurance contract

Funds withheld liability

(334,955)

Total

$

23,669

$

52,731

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

The table below presents the effect of derivative instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

												June 30, 2023						June 30, 2022
Derivatives Not Designated  As Hedging Instruments						Location of Gain  or (Loss) Recognized In Income on Derivatives						Amount of Gain or  (Loss) Recognized in  Income on Derivatives
												(In thousands)
Equity index options						Net investment income						$	21,968					(38,425)
Fixed-index products						Universal life and annuity contract interest						(24,505)						61,496
Embedded derivative on reinsurance contract						Net investment income						7,656						94,984
												$	5,119					118,055

The table below presents the effect of derivative instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

												June 30, 2023						June 30, 2022
Derivatives Not Designated  As Hedging Instruments						Location of Gain  or (Loss) Recognized In Income on Derivatives						Amount of Gain or  (Loss) Recognized in  Income on Derivatives
												(In thousands)
Equity index options						Net investment income						$	24,901					(76,623)
Fixed-index products						Universal life and annuity contract interest						(18,341)						148,947
Embedded derivative on reinsurance contract						Net investment income						(21,211)						185,889
												$	(14,651)					258,213

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(15) INTANGIBLES AND GOODWILL

Identifiable Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization for each specifically identifiable intangible asset were as follows.

									June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Weighted-Average Amortization Period						Gross Carrying Amount						Accumulated Amortization						Gross Carrying Amount						Accumulated Amortization
									(In thousands)
Trademarks/trade names			15						$	2,800					(824)						2,800						(731)
Internally developed software			7						3,800						(2,398)						3,800						(2,126)
Insurance licenses			N/A						3,000						—						3,000						—
									$	9,600					(3,222)						9,600						(2,857)

The value of trademarks was estimated using the relief from royalty method, based on the assumption that in lieu of ownership, an organization would be willing to pay a royalty in order to receive the related benefits of using the brand. The value of insurance licenses was estimated using the market approach to value, based on values paid for licenses in recent shell company transactions. The value of internally developed software was estimated using the replacement cost method. Trademarks, trade names and internally developed software are amortized using a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives. These intangible assets are evaluated for impairment if indicators of impairment arise. Insurance licenses were determined to have an indefinite useful life. The Company evaluates the useful life of the insurance licenses at each reporting period to determine whether the useful life remains indefinite.

As of June 30, 2023, expected amortization expense relating to purchased intangible assets for each of the next 5 years and thereafter is as follows:

			Expected Amortization
			(In thousands)
Remainder of 2023			$	365
2024			730
2025			730
2026			232
2027			187
Thereafter			1,134

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NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

			June 30,						December 31,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Gross goodwill as of beginning of year			$	13,864					13,864
Goodwill resulting from business acquisition			—						—
Gross goodwill, before impairments			13,864						13,864
Accumulated impairment as of beginning of year			—						—
Current year impairments			—						—
Net goodwill as of end of period			$	13,864					13,864

The Company periodically evaluates the goodwill balance for potential impairment and, as of the dates presented, determined that there was sufficient evidence to support not impairing the balance.

(16) SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent events have been evaluated through the date of filing and no reportable items were identified.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain information contained herein or in other written or oral statements made by or on behalf of National Western Life Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") are or may be viewed as forward-looking. For example, on May 16, 2023, the Company issued a press release (the "Press Release") disclosing that its Board of Directors is exploring strategic alternatives in order to maximize value for the Company's stockholders (the "Strategic Review").

Although the Company has taken appropriate care in developing any such information, forward-looking information involves risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact actual results. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, matters described in the Company's Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings such as exposure to market risks, anticipated cash flows or operating performance, future capital needs, and statutory or regulatory related issues. These risks and uncertainties also include (1) the timing of the Strategic Review Release, (2) the outcome of the Strategic Review, including whether any transaction occurs at all, (3) if a transaction does occur, the form (cash, securities or other consideration) and the amount of the consideration, if any, paid to the Company's stockholders, and (4) if a definitive agreement for a tranaction is signed with another party, whether the conditions to closing are satisfied, including any necessary insurance regulatory or other approvals.

As a matter of policy, the Company does not make any specific projections as to future earnings, nor does it endorse any projections regarding future performance that may be made by others. Whether or not actual results differ materially from forward-looking statements may depend on numerous foreseeable and unforeseeable events or developments. Also, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Similarly, the Press Release stated that no decision has been made by the Company's Board of Directors to enter into a sales, merger or other strategic transaction, and there can be no assurance regarding the timing or outcome of the Strategic Review. It also stated that the Company does not intend to disclose further developments with respect to the Strategic Review, unless and until it approves a specific course of action or determines that further disclosure is appropriate or required.

Management's discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) of National Western Life Group, Inc. ("NWLGI") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 follows. Where appropriate, discussion specific to the insurance operations of National Western Life Insurance Company is denoted by "National Western" or "NWLIC". This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes beginning on page 3 of this report and with the 2022 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K.

Overview

National Western provides life insurance products on a global basis for the savings and protection needs of policyholders and issues annuity contracts for the asset accumulation and retirement needs of contract holders. Historically, it has done so for both domestic and international residents. However, the Company discontinued accepting applications for its international life insurance products from foreign nationals outside the U.S. in 2018.

The Company, National Western and Ozark National Life Insurance Company ("Ozark National"), accepts funds from policyholders or contract holders and establishes a liability representing future obligations to pay the policy or contract holders and their beneficiaries. To ensure the Company will be able to pay these future commitments, the funds received as premium payments and deposits are invested in high quality investments, primarily fixed income securities. National Western maintains its home office in Austin, Texas where substantially all of its 278 employees at June 30, 2023 are located. Ozark National maintains its home office facility in Kansas City, Missouri along with NIS where most of their combined employees are located.

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Due to the business of accepting funds to pay future obligations in later years and the underlying economics, the relevant factors affecting the Company’s overall business and profitability include the following:

●			the level of sales and premium revenues collected
●			the volume of life insurance and annuity business in force
●			persistency of policies and contracts
●			the ability to price products to earn acceptable margins over benefit costs and expenses
●			return on investments sufficient to produce acceptable spread margins over interest crediting rates
●			investment credit quality which minimizes the risk of default or impairment
●			levels of policy benefits and costs to acquire business
●			the ability to manage the level of operating expenses
●			effect of interest rate changes on revenues and investments including asset and liability matching
●			maintaining adequate levels of capital and surplus
●			corporate tax rates and the treatment of financial statement items under tax rules and accounting
●			actual levels of surrenders, withdrawals, claims and interest spreads
●			changes in assumptions for amortization of deferred policy acquisition expenses and deferred sales inducements
●			changes in the fair value of derivative index options and embedded derivatives pertaining to fixed-index life and annuity products
●			pricing and availability of adequate counterparties for reinsurance and index option contracts
●			litigation subject to unfavorable judicial development, including the time and expense of litigation

The Company monitors these factors continually as key business indicators. The discussion that follows in this Item 2 includes these indicators and presents information useful to an overall understanding of the Company's business performance for the six months ended June 30, 2023, incorporating required disclosures in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Insurance Operations - Domestic

National Western is currently licensed to do business in all states (except New York) and the District of Columbia. Products marketed are annuities, universal life insurance, fixed-index universal life, and traditional life insurance, which include both term and whole life products. Domestic sales in terms of premium levels have historically been more heavily weighted toward annuities. Most of these annuities can be sold either as tax qualified or non-qualified products. More recently, a greater proportion of sales activity has been derived from single premium life insurance products, predominantly those with an equity-index crediting mechanism. Presently, nearly 100% of National Western's life premium sales come from single premium life products. At June 30, 2023, National Western maintained 94,343 annuity contracts in force representing account balances of $5.8 billion and 43,600 domestic life insurance policies in force representing nearly $3.6 billion in face amount of coverage.

National Western markets and distributes its domestic products primarily through independent national marketing organizations ("NMOs"). These NMOs assist the Company in recruiting, contracting, and managing independent agents. These agents are independent contractors who are compensated on a commission basis. At June 30, 2023, approximately 29,440 domestic independent agent contracts were in place.

Although reported separately for segment disclosure purposes, domestic insurance operations include the activities of Ozark National. Ozark National is a Missouri domiciled, stock life insurance company currently licensed to conduct business in thirty states. Organized and incorporated in 1964, its largest markets by state are Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas. Ozark National utilizes a unique distribution system to market its flagship Balanced Program which consists of a coordinated sale of a non-participating whole life insurance product with a mutual fund investment product offered through N.I.S. Financial Services, Inc. ("NIS'), its affiliated broker-dealer. Due to Ozark National's coordinated sale of a non-participating whole life insurance policy with a mutual fund investment product, its agents hold a securities license in addition to an insurance license. At June 30, 2023, Ozark National maintained 169,957 life insurance policies in force representing in excess of $5.6 billion in face amount of coverage.

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Insurance Operations - International

National Western's international operations consists solely of a closed block of in force policies. At June 30, 2023, National Western had 35,166 international life insurance policies in force representing $9.7 billion in face amount of coverage. The Company previously did not conduct business or maintain offices or employees in any other country, but until the fourth quarter of 2018, did accept applications at its home office in Austin, Texas, and issued policies from there to non-U.S. residents. Insurance products issued were primarily to residents of countries in South America consisting of product offerings not available in the local markets.

Issuing policies to residents of countries in these different regions had provided diversification that helped to minimize large fluctuations that could arise due to various economic, political, and competitive pressures that could occur from one country to another. These policies also provided diversification of earnings relative to the Company's domestic life insurance segment. International life insurance products issued to international residents were almost entirely universal life and traditional life products.

There were some inherent risks of accepting international applications which are not present within the domestic market that were reduced substantially by the Company in several ways. National Western accepted applications from foreign nationals of other countries in upper socioeconomic classes who had substantial financial resources. This targeted customer base, coupled with National Western's conservative underwriting practices, historically resulted in claims experience, due to natural causes, similar to that in the United States. The Company minimized exposure to foreign currency risks by requiring payment of premiums and claims in United States dollars. In addition, the Company adopted an extensive anti-money laundering compliance program in order to fully comply with all applicable U.S. monitoring and reporting requirements pertaining to anti-money laundering and other illegal activities. All of the above served to minimize risks.

SALES

Life Insurance

The following table sets forth information regarding life insurance sales activity as measured by total premium for single premium life insurance products and annualized first year premiums for all other universal life and traditional life insurance products. While the figures shown below are in accordance with industry practice and represent the amount of new business sold during the periods indicated, they are considered a non-GAAP financial measure. The Company believes sales are a measure of distribution productivity and are an indicator of future revenue trends. However, revenues are driven by sales in prior periods as well as in the current period and therefore, a reconciliation of sales to revenues is not meaningful or determinable.

			Three Months Ended												Six Months Ended
			June 30,												June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Single premium life			$	22,572					37,515						45,542						75,219
Traditional life			959						1,007						2,036						1,941
Universal life			—						1						—						1
Totals			$	23,531					38,523						47,578						77,161

Life insurance sales, as measured by total and annualized first year premiums, decreased 39% in the second quarter of 2023 as compared to the second quarter of 2022 reflecting a decline in activity in the Company's single premium equity-index product sales. Sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023, included nearly $1.0 million from Ozark National, slightly below the $1.0 million reported in the second quarter of 2022, representing their traditional life sales activity. Ozark National's business model, which is heavily dependent upon in person contact for agent recruiting and obtaining applications for coverage from prospective policyholders, has been attempting to recover from the disruption of the pandemic effects upon its business. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, total life insurance sales decreased 38% from the level in 2022. Included in these six-month amounts were $2.0 million and $1.9 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively, from Ozark National.

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National Western's life insurance product portfolio includes single premium universal life ("SPUL") and equity-index universal life ("EIUL") products as well as hybrids of the EIUL and SPUL products, combining features of these core products. Equity-index universal life products have been the predominant product sold in the domestic life market for a number of years. Most of these sales are single premium mode products (one year, five year, or ten year) designed for transferring accumulated wealth tax efficiently into life insurance policies with limited underwriting due to lesser net insurance amounts at risk (face amount of the insurance policy less cash premium contributed). These products were designed targeting the accumulated savings of the segment of the population entering their retirement years. The wealth transfer life products have been valuable offerings for the Company's distributors as evidenced by their comprising 100% of total National Western life sales in the first six months of 2023. With the meaningful increase in market interest rates during the past year, industry sales have gravitated away from single premium life products toward fixed interest rate annuity products, particularly multi-year guaranteed annuity products.

The average new policy face amounts, excluding insurance riders, since 2019 are as shown in the following table.

			Average New Policy Face Amount
			NWLIC Domestic						Ozark National
Year ended December 31, 2019			179,900						45,200
Year ended December 31, 2020			209,900						46,230
Year ended December 31, 2021			221,300						47,620
Year ended December 31, 2022			219,600						45,920
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023			225,600						50,630

The average face amount of insurance coverage per policy for domestic life insurance contracts reflects the sales of single premium life products, primarily fixed-index, as part of its wealth transfer strategy for domestic life sales.

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The table below sets forth information regarding life insurance in force for each date presented.

			Insurance In Force as of
			June 30,						December 31,
			2023						2022
			($ in thousands)
National Western
Universal life:
Number of policies			25,153						26,378
Face amounts			$	3,419,037					3,621,812
Traditional life:
Number of policies			22,030						22,751
Face amounts			$	2,033,387					2,103,366
Fixed-index life:
Number of policies			31,583						32,788
Face amounts			$	7,795,095					8,224,415
Total life insurance:
Number of policies			78,766						81,917
Face amounts			$	13,247,519					13,949,593
Ozark National
Total life insurance (all traditional):
Number of policies			169,957						171,915
Face amounts			$	5,624,552					5,718,817

At June 30, 2023, National Western’s face amount of life insurance in force was comprised of $9.7 billion from the international line of business and $3.6 billion from the domestic line of business. At December 31, 2022, these amounts were $10.3 billion and $3.6 billion for the international and domestic lines of business, respectively.

Annuities

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's annuity sales activity as measured by single and annualized first year premiums. Similar to life insurance sales, these figures are considered a non-GAAP financial measure but are shown in accordance with industry practice and depict the Company's sales productivity.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Fixed-index annuities			$	28,285					70,481						59,646						155,965
Other deferred annuities			175						228						953						1,353
Immediate annuities			34						652						327						2,398
Totals			$	28,494					71,361						60,926						159,716

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Annuity sales decreased 60% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 2022 and were 62% lower in the six months ended June 30, 2023 relative to the comparable period of 2022. With the sharp rise in interest rate levels, industry annuity sales have gravitated toward multi-year guaranteed annuity products. These products guarantee a stated fixed interest rate for an extended term, typically three or five years. The Company does not offer this type of product in its annuity portfolio. In recent years, the Company's annuity product portfolio has consisted principally of offerings that emphasize income features. The change in consumer preference, prompted by higher interest rate levels, redirected annuity sales toward products emphasizing accumulation in value, resulting in decreased sales activity for the Company. During this time period, the Company has endeavored to introduce new annuity products with accumulation features that are suitable for sale through financial institutions such as banks. These products were made available for sale towards the end of 2022 and began exhibiting introductory sales activity in the first six months of 2023.

The Company's mix of annuity sales has historically shifted with interest rate levels and the relative performance of the equity market. Since the decline in secular interest rates subsequent to the subprime crisis, the Company's fixed-index products have comprised the majority of annuity sales, generally accounting for 90% or more of all annuity sales. During the first six months of 2023, this percentage approximated 98% reflecting the ongoing popularity of products with crediting rates linked to equity market performance in combination with the Company's limited fixed interest rate product offerings. For all fixed-index products, the Company purchases over the counter call options to hedge the equity return feature. The options are purchased relative to the issuance of the annuity contracts in such a manner to minimize timing risk. Generally, the index return during the indexing period (if the underlying index increases) becomes a component in a formula (set forth in the annuity), the result of which is credited as interest to contract holders electing the index formula crediting method at the beginning of the indexing period. The formula result can never be less than zero with these products. The Company does not deliberately mismatch or under hedge for the equity feature of the products. Fixed-index products also provide the contract holder the alternative to elect a fixed interest rate crediting option.

While National Western does not subsidize its interest crediting rates on new policies in order to obtain market share, until 2022, the Company faced a scenario of declining yields on its investment portfolio as securities backing annuity policies and investment portfolio cash proceeds were subsequently reinvested at substantially lower yields. The resulting compression on interest rate margins caused decrements to fixed interest rate renewal rates provided to annuity contractholders often to the minimum interest rate guarantee levels prescribed by state insurance regulators under non-forfeiture laws.

To address this situation, the Company entered into a coinsurance funds withheld reinsurance arrangement at December 31, 2020 with Prosperity Life Assurance Limited ("Prosperity") under which 100% of the policyholder obligations associated with its fixed interest rate and payout annuity block of policies at that time, approximating $1.7 billion, were reinsured with Prosperity. The Company then redirected its attention toward rebuilding annuity sales momentum by developing products, targeting new channels of distribution to supplement its current partnerships with national marketing organizations, and focusing its offerings away from fixed interest rate products. Effective July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a second funds withheld coinsurance agreement with Aspida Life Re Ltd. ("Aspida"), another third party reinsurer. At the inception of this agreement, annuity policy obligations approximating $250.0 million were reinsured with Aspida. In addition, for specified new annuity product sales, the Company is reinsuring an agreed upon quota share of this business in a flow reinsurance structure. The objective is to be able to more competitively price these annuity products utilizing the investment expertise of Aspida and their ability to obtain higher investment yields.

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The following table sets forth information regarding annuities in force for each date presented. These amounts include the policies and reserves associated with the funds withheld reinsurance transactions discussed above.

			Annuities In Force as of
			June 30,						December 31,
			2023						2022
			($ in thousands)
Fixed-index annuities:
Number of policies			58,555						61,292
GAAP annuity reserves			$	4,484,751					4,723,558
Other deferred annuities:
Number of policies			25,894						27,526
GAAP annuity reserves			$	952,826					1,026,497
Immediate annuities:
Number of policies			9,894						10,223
GAAP annuity reserves			$	314,840					324,499
Total annuities:
Number of policies			94,343						99,041
GAAP annuity reserves			$	5,752,417					6,074,554

Impact of Recent Business Environment

The Company's business is generally aided by an economic environment experiencing growth, whether moderate or vibrant, characterized by improving employment data and increases in personal income. Important metrics indicating sustained economic growth over the longer term principally revolve around employment and confidence, both consumer and business sentiment. Changing economic conditions have caused policies and decisions made by central banks to be more crucial to business outlooks for insurers. The insurance market has gone from a low inflation, low interest rate environment to a rising inflation, higher interest rates environment in a relatively short period of time. Central bankers have been focused on corralling inflation consistent with their stated mission. Consequently, global activity is subject to slowing and has caused the outlook to be more uncertain.

In the past sixteen months, the U.S. Federal Reserve has stepped up short-term interest rates from near zero to 5.5%. Inflation statistics have been steadily coming in better than expected. The resiliency of the U.S. economy was evidenced by the recently announced 2.4% quarterly growth in GDP. Market uncertainty remains present as observers and investors consider whether Federal Reserve policymakers will continue to exercise caution in their efforts to subdue inflation or ease up at the risk of inducing a crippling recession. The Federal Reserve recently changed their outlook no longer predicting a recession but anticipating the soft landing hoped for by the market. There is a view that the Federal Reserve may have overstepped with their laddering up of interest rate levels and that a potential outcome is impairment to economic growth and employment.

Higher interest rates generally soften the compression of interest rate spreads on interest-sensitive products for life insurers. Conversely, higher interest rates may also serve to induce annuity surrender activity as policyholders seek the greater interest rates offered on new policies backed by higher investment yields. The Company's overall profitability is enhanced by increased interest rate spread margins and with the retention and persistency of policies in force.

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In an environment such as this, the need for a strong capital position that can cushion against unexpected bumps is critical for stability and ongoing business activity. The Company's operating strategy continues to be focused on maintaining capital levels substantially above regulatory requirements and rating agency standards. In addition, its business model is predicated upon steady growth in invested assets while managing the block of business within profitability objectives. A key premise of the Company's financial management is maintaining a high quality investment portfolio, well matched in terms of duration with policyholder obligations, that continues to outperform the industry with respect to adverse impairment experience. This discipline helps provide the Company with resources to fund future growth and cushion the Company in periods of abnormal cash outflows.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In addition, the Company regularly evaluates operating performance using non-GAAP financial measures which exclude or segregate derivative and realized investment gains and losses from operating revenues. Similar measures are commonly used in the insurance industry in order to assess profitability and results from ongoing operations. The Company believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures enhances the understanding of the Company's results of operations by highlighting the results from ongoing operations and the underlying profitability factors of the Company's business. The Company excludes or segregates derivative and realized investment gains and losses because such items are often the result of events which may or may not be at the Company's discretion and the fluctuating effects of these items could distort trends in the underlying profitability of the Company's business. Therefore, in the following sections discussing condensed consolidated operations and segment operations, appropriate reconciliations have been included to report information management considers useful in enhancing an understanding of the Company's operations to reportable GAAP balances reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Operations

Premiums and other revenues. The following details Company revenues.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Universal life and annuity contract charges			$	37,124					32,821						72,481						65,618
Traditional life and SPIA WLC premiums			21,228						22,641						42,804						48,782
Net investment income (excluding index option derivatives)			100,546						93,899						187,522						201,821
Other revenues			5,285						5,578						10,990						11,375
Index option derivative gain (loss)			21,968						(38,425)						24,901						(76,623)
Net realized investment gains			26						1,766						93						5,560
Total revenues			$	186,177					118,280						338,791						256,533

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Universal life and annuity contract charges - Revenues for universal life and annuity contracts were higher for the first six months in 2023 compared to 2022 with the component sources shown below. Revenues for universal life and annuity products consist of policy charges for the cost of insurance, administration charges, surrender charges assessed against policyholder account balances, and other charges less reinsurance premiums, as shown in the following table.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Contract Charges:
Cost of insurance and administrative charges			$	32,448					31,421						65,814						62,102
Surrender charges			7,190						4,551						11,703						9,562
Other charges			2,324						1,886						4,657						3,860
Gross contract revenues			41,962						37,858						82,174						75,524
Reinsurance premiums			(4,838)						(5,037)						(9,693)						(9,906)
Net contract charges			$	37,124					32,821						72,481						65,618

Cost of insurance charges were $26.0 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2023 compared to $24.6 million in the second quarter of 2022, and were $52.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $48.5 million for the same period in 2022. Cost of insurance charges typically trend with the size of the universal life insurance block in force and the amount of new business issued during the period. The volume of universal life insurance in force at June 30, 2023 declined to $11.2 billion from approximately $11.8 billion at December 31, 2022 and $12.7 billion at December 31, 2021. Countering the downward trend in the level of life insurance in force are higher cost of insurance charges that National Western implemented on its International Life insurance products in accordance with policy contract provisions. Administrative charges pertaining to new business issued decreased to $6.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $6.9 million for the same period in 2022, and to $13.0 million for the first six months of 2023 compared to $13.6 million for the first six months of 2022.

Surrender charges assessed against policyholder account balances upon withdrawal increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 versus the comparable prior year periods. While the Company earns surrender charge income that is assessed upon policy terminations, the Company's overall profitability is enhanced when policies remain in force and additional contract revenues are realized and the Company continues to make an interest rate spread equivalent to the difference it earns on its investments and the amount that it credits to policyholders. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, lapse rates on annuity products were higher compared to prior year periods and a larger increase in lapsations were notable toward the latter part of the second quarter of 2023. Surrender charge income recognized is also dependent upon the duration of policies at the time of surrender (i.e. later duration policy surrenders have lower surrender charges assessed and earlier policy surrenders having a higher surrender charge assessed).

Other charges include the net amount of current period premium load amounts on new sales of single premium life insurance products which are deferred (recorded as negative revenue) and the subsequent amortization into income of these deferred premium loads. These products comprise substantially all of domestic life insurance sales. The increase in Other charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 versus the comparable 2022 periods reflect lower current period premium loads deferred due to decreased sales levels relative to the amounts currently being amortized into income.

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Traditional life premiums - Ozark National's principal product is a non-participating whole life insurance policy with premiums remitted primarily on a monthly basis. The product is sold in tandem with a mutual fund investment product offered through its broker-dealer affiliate, NIS. Traditional life insurance premiums for products such as whole life and term life are recognized as revenues over the premium-paying period. A sizable portion of National Western's traditional life business resided in the International Life insurance segment. However, National Western's overall life insurance sales focus has historically been centered around universal life products. The addition of Ozark National's business of repetitive paying permanent life insurance adds an important complement to National Western's life insurance sales. Included in the amount for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 is $17.6 million of life insurance renewal premium from Ozark National compared to $17.8 million in the second quarter of 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, Ozark National life insurance renewal premium amounts were $35.7 million and $36.2 million, respectively. Universal life products, especially National Western's equity indexed universal life products, which offer the opportunity for consumers to acquire life insurance protection and receive credited interest linked in part to an outside market index, have been the more popular product offerings in the Company's markets.

Net investment income (with and without derivatives) - A detail of net investment income is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Gross investment income:
Debt and equities			$	73,594					69,278						151,489						144,217
Mortgage loans			5,002						6,811						10,398						11,751
Policy loans			643						585						1,330						1,246
Short-term investments			2,882						625						5,654						683
Other invested assets			17,438						6,126						23,013						16,201
Total investment income			99,559						83,425						191,884						174,098
Less investment expenses			571						664						1,387						1,375
Net investment income (excluding derivatives and trading securities)			98,988						82,761						190,497						172,723
Index option derivative gain (loss)			21,968						(38,425)						24,901						(76,623)
Embedded derivative on reinsurance			7,657						94,984						(21,211)						185,889
Trading securities market adjustments			(6,099)						(83,846)						18,236						(156,791)
Net investment income			$	122,514					55,474						212,423						125,198

The Company's strategy has been to invest a substantial portion of its cash flows in fixed debt securities within its guidelines for credit quality, duration, and diversification. As a result of an asset allocation strategy study that was conducted, an increase in allocations toward mortgage loans and alternative investments was identified as a strategic objective. Investment yields on new bond purchases during the first six months of 2023 approximated 6.40% as compared to the 4.21% yield achieved during the full year 2022. National Western's weighted average bond portfolio yield was 3.82% at June 30, 2023 increasing from 3.76% at December 31, 2022. Ozark National's weighted average portfolio yield at June 30, 2023 was 3.86%.

Changes in fair values of equity securities are included in net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrealized gains/(losses) of $1.2 million and $(5.2) million, respectively, are included in investment income reflecting the change in fair value of equity securities during the periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, unrealized gains/(losses) were $1.5 million and $(5.9) million, respectively. The carrying value of the Company's portfolio of equity securities was $23.2 million at June 30, 2023.

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During 2022 and thus far into 2023, the Company's new mortgage loan activity has been challenged as interest rate levels have appreciated considerably. The increase in interest rates has resulted in fewer mortgage loan opportunities meeting the Company's underwriting standards. Consequently, the mortgage loan portfolio balance declined to $495.4 million at June 30, 2023 from $505.7 million at December 31, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 the Company originated new mortgage loans of $1.8 million compared to $44.1 million in the comparable period of 2022.

The increase in short-term investment income reflects the rapid increase in short-term interest rates over the past year in tandem with the Federal Reserve interest rate increases implemented to counter inflationary pressures. Short-term investment fund interest rates averaged approximately 0.35% in the first half of 2022. In the first half of 2023, interest rates ranged from 4.0% to 4.9% for the same short-term investment vehicles.

In order to obtain incremental investment yield, the Company expanded its invested asset portfolio to include alternative investments. These assets are typically capital pools with specific investment objectives managed by investment firms having specific expertise in designated asset opportunities. The Company held balances of $218.2 million, $186.9 million, and $67.7 million at June 30, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, in this investment category, excluding any associated structured note amounts. Other invested assets investment income in the first half of 2022 includes a non-recurring $6.8 million profit participation payment on a mezzanine loan.

The Company's net investment income is reduced for amounts ceded to reinsurers under the funds withheld reinsurance agreements associated with funds withheld assets. In the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company ceded net investment income of $19.2 million and $14.9 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, these amounts were $39.0 million and $27.6 million, respectively.

The Company is required to maintain an allowance pertaining to current expected credit losses on financial instruments ("CECL") under GAAP. Remeasurement of the CECL allowance for mortgage loans is performed quarterly and for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 resulted in an increase/(decrease) in the allowance of $33 thousand and $(0.2) million, respectively, which is applied against gross investment income. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the change in the CECL allowance included in gross investment income for mortgage loans was an increase/(decrease) of $0.2 million and $(0.4) million respectively.

Credit loss allowances for available-for-sale debt securities are recorded when unrealized losses and missed payments indicate a credit loss has occurred and a full recovery of the investment principal is not expected. Credit loss allowances are recorded through net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. No credit loss allowances for available-for-sale debt securities were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

In order to evaluate underlying profitability and results from ongoing operations, net investment income performance is analyzed excluding index option derivative gain (loss), the embedded derivative on reinsurance, and trading securities market value adjustments, which is a common practice in the insurance industry. Although this is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, Company management believes this financial measure provides useful supplemental information by removing the swings associated with fair value changes in derivative instruments. Net investment income and average invested assets shown below includes cash and cash equivalents. Net investment income performance is summarized as follows:

			Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Excluding derivatives and funds withheld securities:
Net investment income			$	190,497					172,723
Average invested assets, at amortized cost			$	9,102,465					9,435,503
Annual yield on average invested assets			4.19		%				3.66		%
Including derivatives and funds withheld securities:
Net investment income			$	212,423					125,198
Average invested assets, at amortized cost			$	10,746,606					11,098,111
Annual yield on average invested assets			3.95		%				2.26		%

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The average invested asset yield, excluding derivatives and trading securities, for the first six months of 2023 increased compared to 2022 due to the incremental yield on newly invested cash flows into debt securities and alternative investments as well as the increase in short-term investment yields. Net investment income in the first six months of 2023 and 2022 includes a $0.5 million and $6.8 million non-recurring profit participation payment related to mezzanine loans, respectively.

The average yield on bond purchases during the six months ended June 30, 2023 to fund National Western insurance operations was 6.40% representing a 2.63% spread over treasury rates. The weighted average quality of new purchases during the first six months of 2023 was "A+" which was higher than the "A-" weighted average quality of purchases during 2022. The composite duration of purchases during the first six months of 2023 was 5.3 years, which is significantly less than National Western's historical duration of purchases, indicative of the inverted yield curve during the first half of 2023. The Company's general investment strategy is to purchase debt securities with maturity dates approximating ten years in the future.

The pattern in average invested asset yield, including derivatives and funds withheld securities, incorporates increases and decreases in the fair value of index options purchased by National Western to support its fixed-index products as well as net investment income from the embedded derivative funds withheld liability. Fair values of purchased call options recorded a net gain during the first six months of 2023 and a net loss during the first six months of 2022, corresponding to the movement in the S&P 500 Index® during these periods (the primary index the fixed-index products employ). Refer to the derivatives discussion below for a more detailed explanation.

With the execution of a funds withheld reinsurance agreement with Prosperity at the end of 2020, the Company initiated embedded derivative accounting with respect to the policyholder obligations reinsured. The Company entered into a second funds withheld reinsurance agreement with Aspida during 2022 which follows the same embedded derivative accounting treatment. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the embedded derivative contra-liability for reinsurance decreased by $21.2 million while in the six months ended June 30, 2022 the embedded derivative contra-liability increased by $185.9 million. These amounts are included in net investment income and served to decrease net investment income in the first half of 2023 and increase net investment income in the first half of 2022. Debt securities supporting the funds withheld policyholder obligations classified as trading incurred unrealized gains/(losses) of $18.2 million in the first half of 2023 and $(156.8) million in the corresponding period for 2022, which were also recorded as a component of net investment income. The combination/net of these two amounts increased/(decreased) net investment income during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 by $(3.0) million and $29.1 million, respectively.

Other revenues - Other revenues pertain to NIS, the broker-dealer affiliate of Ozark National; the operations of Braker P III, LLC ("BP III"), a subsidiary which owns and manages a commercial office building which includes the home office operations of National Western; and allowances earned by National Western for administering the funds withheld policies ceded to third party reinsurers.

NIS revenues were $2.6 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, NIS revenues were $5.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively. NIS revenues typically move in tandem with equity market performance.

Revenues associated with BP III were $0.8 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, revenues were $1.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Rental income received from National Western is eliminated in reporting consolidated results. The decreased rental income in 2023 compared with 2022 amounts reflects a $3.8 million buyout of the remaining lease term from a tenant at the end of 2022. The space vacated is currently not leased.

Under terms of the Prosperity funds withheld reinsurance contract, National Western earns a monthly expense allowance equal to the average policy count of the funds withheld reinsured block of business multiplied by a stated amount per policy. The Company reported maintenance expense allowance revenue of $1.1 million and $1.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and $2.3 million and $2.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As the block that was reinsured is a closed block of business, maintenance expense allowance revenue declines over time with the run off of the in force block.

Under the terms of the Aspida funds withheld reinsurance contract, National Western also earns a monthly expense allowance based upon the average policy count of the funds withheld reinsurance block of policies. In addition, National Western earns a ceding commission and certain policy acquisition allowance based upon new policies issued and coinsured with Aspida. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company reported $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to these revenue sources.

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Effective July 27, 2022, the Company recorded as a liability (deferred revenue) on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet a deferred Cost of Reinsurance ("COR") amount of $21.2 million associated with the funds withheld reinsurance transaction with Aspida (original COR amount reported of $30.8 million has been restated for the adoption of ASU 2018-12). This represents the net amount of GAAP reserves, deferred policy acquisition costs and sales inducements reinsured at the closing date, plus a $68.2 million ceding commission payable by the reinsurer, which in the aggregate was in excess of the Statutory Reserves ceded to Aspida (reflected as funds held assets). This COR balance is amortized and included in Other revenues. For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023, COR amortization revenue of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, is included in Other revenues.

Index option derivative gain (loss) - Index options are derivative financial instruments used to hedge the equity return component of National Western's fixed-index products. Derivative gain or loss includes the amounts realized from the sale or expiration of the options. Since the index options do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting under GAAP, they are marked to fair value on each reporting date and the resulting unrealized gain or loss is reflected as a component of net investment income. The options hedging the notional amount of policyholder contract obligations are purchased as close as possible to like amounts resulting in the amount of the option returns correlating closely with indexed interest credited.

Gains and losses from index options are substantially due to changes in equity market conditions. Index options are intended to act as hedges to match the returns on the product's underlying reference index and the rise or decline in the index relative to the index level at the time of the option purchase which causes option values to likewise rise or decline. As income from index options fluctuates with the underlying index, the contract interest expense to policyholder accounts for the Company's fixed-index products also fluctuates in a similar manner and direction. The Company recorded realized and unrealized gains/(losses) from index options as shown below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Index option derivatives:
Unrealized gain (loss)			$	34,401					(41,616)						49,755						(99,624)
Realized gain (loss)			(12,433)						3,191						(24,854)						23,001
Total gain (loss) included in net investment income			$	21,968					(38,425)						24,901						(76,623)
Total contract interest			$	32,947					(26,198)						63,159						(39,769)

The economic impact of option performance in the Company's financial statements is not generally determined solely by the option gain or loss included in net investment income as there is a corresponding amount recorded in the contract interest expense line. The Company's profitability with respect to these options is largely dependent upon the purchase cost of the option remaining within the financial budget for acquiring options embedded in the product pricing. Option prices vary with interest rates, volatility, and dividend yields among other things. As option prices vary, the Company manages for the variability by making offsetting adjustments to product caps, participation rates, and management fees. For the periods shown, the Company's option costs have been close to or within the product pricing budgets.

Net realized investment gains (losses) - Realized gains (losses) on investments generally include proceeds from bond calls, sales and impairment write-downs, as well as gains and losses on the sale of real estate property. Net gains reported for the six months ended June 30, 2023 consisted of gross gains of $0.1 million, primarily related to bond calls of debt securities in the available-for-sale category, offset by gross losses of $0.0 million. The net gains reported for the six months ended June 30, 2022 consisted of gross gains of $5.6 million offset by gross losses of $0.0 million.

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Benefits and Expenses. The following table details benefits and expenses.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Life and other policy benefits			$	32,688					26,201						56,878						59,713
Market risk benefits expense			(788)						(55,492)						36,172						(116,498)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			22,000						22,500						43,274						45,936
Universal life and annuity contract interest			32,947						(26,198)						63,159						(39,769)
Other operating expenses			62,443						30,322						87,126						62,903
Totals			$	149,290					(2,667)						286,609						12,285

Life and other policy benefits - Death claim benefits, the largest component of policy benefits, were $38.6 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to $37.9 million for the first six months of 2022. Of the amount included in the six months ended June 30, 2023, $19.5 million was associated with National Western business and $19.1 million pertained to Ozark National. In the first six months of 2022, these amounts were $18.9 million and $19.0 million for National Western and Ozark National, respectively. Death claim amounts are subject to variation from period to period. For the first quarter of 2023, the number of National Western life insurance claims increased 16% versus the comparable period in 2022 while the average dollar amount per net claim declined to $55,700 from approximately $62,600. National Western's overall mortality experience has generally been consistent with or better than its product pricing assumptions. The average net claim for Ozark National during the 2023 and 2022 six-month periods was $16,500 and $15,700, respectively. Mortality exposure is managed through reinsurance treaties under which National Western's retained maximum net amount at risk on any one life is capped at $500,000. Ozark National's retained maximum net amount at risk is capped at $200,000 under its reinsurance treaties with limited exceptions related to the conversion of child protection and guaranteed insurability riders.

With the inception of the pandemic, both National Western and Ozark National established specific coding to track the death claim experience associated with COVID-19. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, National Western incurred 19 death claims on life insurance policies in which the reported cause of death was due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) totaling a net claim amount (after reinsurance) of $1.1 million. For the comparable six-month period in 2022, National Western incurred 55 COVID-19 related death claims on life insurance policies totaling a net amount after reinsurance of $3.4 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, Ozark National incurred 17 confirmed COVID-19 death claims aggregating to a net claim amount of approximately $0.4 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, Ozark National reported 90 COVID-19 death claims totaling to a net amount of $2.3 million. The COVID-19 claim activity is included in the claim disclosures made in the preceding paragraph. Subsequent to 2021, the incidence of COVID-19 death claim reporting has dropped substantially.

Life and other policy benefits also includes other policy liabilities held associated with the Company's traditional life products and policies with life contingencies. The changes in other policy liabilities for National Western were $8.2 million and $13.1 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Life and other policy benefits in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 includes changes in traditional life reserves and miscellaneous benefit payments associated with Ozark National's operations of $10.1 million and $8.6 million, respectively.

Market risk benefits expense - Market risk benefits expense is a new income statement line item emanating from the adoption of the LDTI accounting standard. The Market risk benefits liability represents the reserve pertaining to certain contract features on annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders, such as guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, that provide protection to contractholders from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits are measured at fair value with changes in fair value not caused by credit risk recognized in net income each period. The change in fair value of the Market risk benefits liability reported in the Condensed Statements of Earnings is impacted by interest rate movements. For the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the change in the Market risk benefits liability due to interest rates was an expense/(benefit) of $(16.1) million and $(74.4) million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 the change was an expense/(benefit) of $22.1 million and ($141.7) million, respectively. Refer to Note (7) Market Risk Benefits Liability in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Statements for further discussion.

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Amortization of deferred transaction costs - Life insurance companies are required to defer certain expenses directly related to the successful acquisition of new business. The majority of these acquisition expenses consist of commissions paid to agents, underwriting costs, costs of policy issuance, and certain other expenses directly related to the successfully acquired policies. Recognition of these deferred policy acquisition costs (“DPAC”) as an expense in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements occurs over future periods. Under LDTI guidance, deferred policy acquisition costs are amortized on a constant-level cohort basis over the expected term of the underlying contracts approximating a straight-line amortization on an individual contract basis. In accordance with GAAP guidance, the Company must also write-off deferred acquisition costs and unearned revenue liabilities upon internal replacement of certain contracts as well as annuitizations of deferred annuities.

The Company's practice is to annually review during the third quarter its actuarial assumptions pertaining to its blocks of businesses and to update those assumptions which deviate significantly from actual experience. The Company records these adjustments whenever necessary. The following table identifies the current effect of actuarial assumption adjustments on DPAC balances recorded through amortization expense separate from recurring amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Amortization of DPAC:
Actuarial assumption adjustments			$	—					—						—						—
Recurring amortization			16,788						16,929						32,824						34,017
Totals			$	16,788					16,929						32,824						34,017

Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was comprised of DPAC amortization by National Western of $16.6 million and $32.4 million, respectively, and by Ozark National of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was comprised of DPAC amortization by National Western of $16.7 million and $33.6 million, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.4 million by Ozark National, respectively. Amortization expense for National Western for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was reduced by $0.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for amounts pertaining to the policies ceded under the funds withheld reinsurance agreements. Ceded amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was similarly reduced by $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

As part of the purchase accounting required with the acquisition of Ozark National, the Company recorded an intangible asset of $180.9 million referred to as the value of business acquired ("VOBA"). VOBA represents the difference between the acquired assets and liabilities of Ozark National measured in accordance with the Company's accounting policies and the fair value of these same assets and liabilities. The VOBA balance sheet amount is amortized following a methodology similar to that used for amortizing deferred policy acquisition costs. In the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company's VOBA amortization expense was $2.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, and for the six months then ended $4.4 million and $6.4 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2020, the Company recorded as an asset on its Consolidated Balance Sheet a deferred Cost of Reinsurance ("COR") amount of $102.8 million associated with the funds withheld reinsurance transaction with Prosperity. This original balance represents the amount of assets transferred at the closing date of funds withheld agreement (debt securities, policy loans, and cash) in excess of the GAAP liability ceded plus a $48 million ceding commission paid to the reinsurer. The COR balance is amortized commensurate with the runoff of the ceded block of funds withheld business. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, COR amortization expense of $3.0 million and $2.4 million, respectively, is included in Amortization of deferred transaction costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, COR amortization expense of $6.1 million and $5.5 million, respectively, is included in Amortization of deferred transaction costs.

Universal life and annuity contract interest - The Company closely monitors its credited interest rates on interest sensitive policies (National Western products), taking into consideration such factors as profitability goals, policyholder benefits, product marketability, and economic market conditions. As long term interest rates change, the Company's credited interest rates are often adjusted accordingly, taking into consideration the factors described above. The difference between yields earned on investments over policy credited rates is often referred to as the "interest spread" within the industry.

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Contract interest expense includes other items which increase or decrease reported contract interest in a particular reporting period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, these other items include the amounts shown in the table below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Contract Interest Expense:
Gross reserve changes			$	9,750					11,419						22,140						21,153
Withdrawal benefit rider charges			(7,647)						(7,448)						(15,066)						(14,770)
Ceded fixed interest and reserve changes			(11,908)						(15,079)						(24,533)						(28,875)
Index option embedded derivative reserve changes			22,649						(51,164)						41,141						(106,700)
Totals			$	12,844					(62,272)						23,682						(129,192)

Contract interest expense includes gross reserve changes for immediate annuities, two tier annuities, excess death benefit reserves, excess annuitizations, and changes in deferred sales inducement balances. These gross reserve items are offset by policy charges assessed for policies having the withdrawal benefit rider (WBR).

Contract interest expense is reduced for amounts pertaining to funds withheld annuity policies ceded to the reinsurers. As a result, contract interest expense is adjusted to remove fixed interest ceded and reserve change items ceded which are shown in the above table for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The amount of ceded fixed interest credited on the funds withheld annuity policies included these amounts for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, was $6.3 million and $8.8 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the fixed interest credited ceded was $12.8 million and $16.8 million, respectively.

Generally, the impact of the market value change of index options on asset values aligns closely with the movement of the embedded derivative liability held for the Company's fixed-index products such that the net effect upon pretax earnings is not significant. The market value changes of these index options for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, offsetting the index option embedded derivative reserve changes shown above, were $33.6 million and $(38.8) million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, these amounts were $49.2 million and $(95.6) million, respectively. Policyholders of equity-indexed products cannot receive an interest credit below 0% according to the policy contract terms.

Another contract interest expense component is the amortization of deferred sales inducements (included in Gross reserve changes above). Similar to deferred policy acquisition costs, the Company defers sales inducements in the form of first year credited interest bonuses on annuity products that are directly related to the production of new business. These bonus interest charges are deferred and amortized using the same methodology and assumptions used to amortize other capitalized acquisition costs and the amortization is included in contract interest. Deferred sales inducement balances ("DSI") are reviewed periodically to ascertain whether actual experience has deviated significantly from that assumed (unlock) and are adjusted to reflect current policy lapse or termination rates, expense levels and credited rates on policies compared to anticipated experience (true-up). These unlocking adjustments, plus or minus, are included in contract interest expense. No unlocking adjustments were made in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

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Other operating expenses - Other operating expenses consist of general administrative expenses, licenses and fees, commissions not subject to deferral, real estate expenses, brokerage expenses, compensation costs, and reinsurance ceded commission expense. These expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are summarized in the table that follows.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
General administrative expenses			$	13,105					11,746						24,328						25,756
Compensation expenses			43,015						9,497						49,224						19,012
Commission expenses			1,534						2,632						4,034						5,427
Real estate expenses			1,468						1,697						2,897						3,203
Brokerage expenses (NIS)			1,257						1,442						2,475						3,012
Reinsurance ceded commission expense			(169)						2						(107)						3
Taxes, licenses and fees			2,233						3,306						4,275						6,490
Totals			$	62,443					30,322						87,126						62,903

General administrative expenses include software amortization expense associated with National Western's proprietary policy administration systems as well as other acquired software. Expenses pertaining to these items were $2.4 million and $3.8 million in the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $5.3 million and $7.3 million in the first half of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The lesser amount in the 2023 period reflects legacy internally developed operating systems reaching their full amortization. IT expenditures for consulting costs and contractor resources to fill IT staffing shortages declined to $3.5 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2023 from $7.2 million in the comparable quarter of 2022, and $6.0 million in the first half of 2023 from $11.4 million in the first half of 2022. This category of expenses also includes legal fees and expenses which were $1.8 million and $1.0 million in the quarters June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively and $1.4 million and $2.1 million in the first half of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The lower legal fees and expense amount in the first half of 2023 represents amounts previously accrued for pending litigation that were in excess of the ultimate expenses incurred. In addition, expenses associated with litigation and lawsuits are included in this category. During 2022, excess accruals on settled matters were released creating negative expenses of $(5.4) million and $(5.5) million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Compensation expenses include share-based compensation costs related to outstanding vested and nonvested stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance share units ("PSUs"). The related share-based compensation costs move in tandem not only with the number of awards outstanding but also with the movement in the market price of the Company's Class A Common Stock as a result of marking the SARs, RSUs, and PSUs to fair value under the liability method of accounting. Consequently, the related expense amount varies positively or negatively in any given period. In the Compensation expenses amounts shown above, share-based compensation expense totaled $34.6 million and $1.0 million in the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the six month periods shown share-based compensation expense was $32.3 million in 2023 and $2.5 million in 2022. The share-based compensation amount in the six months ended June 30, 2023 reflects the change in the Company's Class A common share price which increased from $281.00 at December 31, 2022 to $415.56 at June 30, 2023. No performance share awards were granted in the first six months of 2023 nor in 2022. Ozark National compensation expenses were $2.0 million and $1.0 million in the second quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively and $2.9 million and $2.0 million in the six months ended 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Taxes, licenses and fees include premium taxes and licensing fees paid to state insurance departments, the company portion of social security and Medicare taxes, state income taxes, and other state and municipal taxes. Taxes, licenses and fees in the six months ended June 30, 2023 include premium tax expenses of $1.9 million compared to $3.8 million in the comparable period of 2022 which reflects credits received in the first half of 2023 for 2022 tax premium overpayments which were the result of prescribed payment methods in certain states requiring estimated payments during the year to be based upon prior year obligations.

Federal Income Taxes. Federal income taxes on earnings reflect an effective tax rate of 19.6% for the first six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to 20.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Federal corporate tax rate was set at 21% under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Act"). The Company's effective tax rate is typically slightly lower than the Federal statutory rate due to tax-exempt investment income related to municipal securities and dividends-received deductions on income from stocks, absent other permanent tax items.

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While the Company's overall effective tax rate remains close to the statutory rate level, the Company's current tax expense is elevated due to a provision of the Tax Act which imposed a limitation on the amount of tax reserves a life insurer is able to deduct in arriving at its taxable income. The limitation is the greater of net surrender value or 92.81% of the reserve method prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Implementation of this provision was required as of January 1, 2018 and the Company ultimately determined that the resultant tax reserve adjustment was a decrease of $332.9 million. The Tax Act provided that this tax reserve adjustment could be brought into taxable income ratably over a period of eight (8) years. Based upon the tax reserve adjustment derived, the effect of the Tax Act limiting the tax reserve deductible in the current tax computation serves to increase the Company's taxable income by approximately $41.6 million per year through 2025. At the Federal statutory rate of 21%, the impact upon current tax expense is an increase of approximately $8.7 million per year or approximately $2.2 million each quarter.

Segment Operations

Summary of Segment Earnings

A summary of segment earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is provided below. The segment earnings exclude realized gains and losses on investments, net of taxes.

			Domestic Life Insurance						International Life Insurance						Annuities						ONL & Affiliates						All Others						Totals
			(In thousands)
Segment earnings:
Three months ended:
June 30, 2023			$	(5,316)					3,338						14,912						5,459						11,220						29,613
June 30, 2022			$	3,418					7,400						77,388						5,917						1,009						95,132
Six months ended:
June 30, 2023			$	1,377					13,080						196						11,855						15,357						41,865
June 30, 2022			$	5,005					13,070						152,400						11,123						8,099						189,697

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Domestic Life Insurance Operations

A comparative analysis of results of operations for the Company's domestic life insurance segment is detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Premiums and other revenues:
Premiums and contract revenues			$	11,946					12,902						25,422						25,812
Net investment income			29,825						(5,955)						47,804						(8,942)
Other revenues			14						26						14						51
Total premiums and other revenues			41,785						6,973						73,240						16,921
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			4,880						3,109						7,389						7,778
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			3,209						3,048						6,375						6,541
Universal life insurance contract interest			26,209						(9,804)						39,347						(16,577)
Other operating expenses			14,001						6,327						18,422						12,880
Total benefits and expenses			48,299						2,680						71,533						10,622
Segment earnings (loss) before Federal income taxes			(6,514)						4,293						1,707						6,299
Provision for Federal income taxes			(1,198)						875						330						1,294
Segment earnings (loss)			$	(5,316)					3,418						1,377						5,005

Revenues from domestic life insurance operations include life insurance premiums on traditional type products and contract revenues from universal life insurance. Revenues from traditional products are simply premiums collected, while revenues from universal life insurance consist of policy charges for the cost of insurance, policy administration fees, and surrender charges assessed during the period. A comparative detail of premiums and contract revenues is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Universal life insurance revenues			$	14,856					15,532						30,687						30,480
Traditional life insurance premiums			549						832						1,435						2,048
Reinsurance premiums			(3,459)						(3,462)						(6,700)						(6,716)
Totals			$	11,946					12,902						25,422						25,812

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Universal life insurance revenues are predominantly earned based upon the amount of life insurance policies that are in force. National Western's pace of new policies issued has lagged the number of policies terminated from death or surrender causing a declining level of policies in force from which contract revenue is received. Consequently, the number of domestic life insurance policies in force has declined from 46,060 at December 31, 2021 to 44,560 at December 31, 2022, and to 43,600 at June 30, 2023. Policy lapse rates in the first six months of 2023 approximated 6.2% compared to 5.8% and 6.0% in the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The face amount of life insurance in force has decreased from $3.65 billion at December 31, 2021 to $3.61 billion at December 31, 2022 and to $3.56 billion at June 30, 2023.

Universal life insurance revenues are also generated with the issuance of new business based upon amounts per application and percentages of the face amount (volume) of insurance issued. The number of domestic life policies issued in the first six months of 2023 was 44% lower than in the comparable period for 2022 and the volume of insurance issued was 41% lower than that in 2022.

Universal life insurance revenues also include surrender charge income realized on terminating policies and, in the case of domestic universal life, amortization into income of the premium load on single premium policies which is deferred. The net premium load amortization was $4.7 million and $3.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Premiums collected on universal life products are not reflected as revenues in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings in accordance with GAAP. Actual domestic universal life premiums collected are detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Universal life insurance:
First year and single premiums			$	22,685					37,497						45,433						75,137
Renewal premiums			3,698						4,429						7,654						9,080
Totals			$	26,383					41,926						53,087						84,217

Domestic life insurance sales for some time have consisted substantially of single premium policies which do not have much in the way of recurring premium payments. These products utilize wealth transfer strategies involving the movement of accumulated wealth in alternative investment vehicles, including annuities, into life insurance products. As a result, renewal premium levels have generally not been exhibiting substantial increases.

Net investment income for this segment of business, excluding derivative gain/(loss), has been gradually increasing due to the new business activity described above (single premium policies) and a higher level of investments needed to support the corresponding growth in policy obligations, especially those for single premium policies. The increase in net investment income has been partially muted by lower investment yields from debt security investment purchases. Net investment income also includes the gains and losses on index options purchased to back the index crediting mechanism on fixed-index universal products.

A detail of net investment income for domestic life insurance operations is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Net investment income (excluding derivatives)			$	12,959					13,615						25,684						26,278
Index option derivative gain (loss)			16,866						(19,570)						22,120						(35,220)
Net investment income (loss)			$	29,825					(5,955)						47,804						(8,942)

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As seen in the above table, reported net investment income includes the gains and losses on index options purchased to back the index crediting mechanism on fixed-index universal life products. The gain or loss on index options follows the movement of the S&P 500 Index (the primary index for the Company's fixed-index products) with realized gains or losses being recognized on the anniversary of each index option based upon the S&P 500 Index level at each expiration date relative to the index level at the time the index option was purchased, and unrealized gains and losses being recorded for index options outstanding based upon the S&P 500 Index at the balance sheet reporting date as compared to the index level at the time each respective option was purchased.

Life and policy benefits for a smaller block of business are more exposed to variation from period to period. Claim count activity during the first six months of 2023 increased 21% compared to the first six months of 2022 while the average net claim amount (after reinsurance) increased to $43,900 from $36,500. GAAP reporting requires that claims be recorded net of any cash value amounts that have been accumulated in the policies. Claims in the first quarter of 2023 were skewed toward single premium universal life policies which typically have very high accounts value and very low net amounts as risk (face amount of policies less accumulated account values). The Company's overall mortality experience for this segment has been consistent with pricing assumptions.

Included in amortization of deferred transaction costs is DPAC amortization. The Company's practice is to annually review during the third quarter its actuarial assumptions pertaining to its blocks of businesses and to update those assumptions which deviate significantly from actual experience. The Company records these adjustments whenever necessary. The following table identifies the current effect of actuarial assumption adjustments on domestic life insurance DPAC balances recorded through amortization expense separate from recurring amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Amortization of DPAC:
Actuarial assumption adjustments			$	—					—						—						—
Recurring amortization			3,209						3,048						6,375						6,541
Totals			$	3,209					3,048						6,375						6,541

Contract interest expense includes the fluctuations that are the result of the effect upon the embedded derivative for the performance of underlying equity indices associated with fixed-index universal life products. For liability purposes, the embedded option in the Company's policyholder obligations for this feature is bifurcated and reserved for separately. Accordingly, the impact for the embedded derivative component in the equity-index universal life product is reflected in contract interest expense for approximately the same amounts as in net investment income for each respective period.

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International Life Insurance Operations

A comparative analysis of results of operations for the Company's international life insurance segment is detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Premiums and other revenues:
Premiums and contract revenues			$	21,540					19,073						41,605						38,309
Net investment income (loss)			8,669						(2,983)						14,067						(7,037)
Other revenues			2						17						4						39
Total premiums and other revenues			30,211						16,107						55,676						31,311
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			3,652						2,725						5,530						6,629
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			3,993						4,347						8,077						8,839
Universal life insurance contract interest			7,134						(4,622)						10,946						(10,343)
Other operating expenses			11,182						4,377						14,908						9,737
Total benefits and expenses			25,961						6,827						39,461						14,862
Segment earnings before Federal income taxes			4,250						9,280						16,215						16,449
Provision for Federal income taxes			912						1,880						3,135						3,379
Segment earnings			$	3,338					7,400						13,080						13,070

As with domestic life operations, revenues from the international life insurance segment include both premiums on traditional type products and contract revenues from universal life insurance. A comparative detail of premiums and contract revenues is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Universal life insurance revenues			$	21,262					18,728						41,486						37,893
Traditional life insurance premiums			1,656						1,920						3,112						3,606
Reinsurance premiums			(1,378)						(1,575)						(2,993)						(3,190)
Totals			$	21,540					19,073						41,605						38,309

Universal life revenues and operating earnings are largely generated from the amount of life insurance in force. The volume of in force for this segment, primarily universal life, has contracted from $11.3 billion at December 31, 2021 to $10.3 billion at December 31, 2022 and to $9.7 billion at June 30, 2023. The international life insurance block of business is a closed book that is expected to run off over a number of years.

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Another component of international universal life revenues includes surrender charges assessed upon surrender of contracts by policyholders. In addition to termination rates trending lower, the resulting surrender charge fee revenue has been less due to policy contract provisions which provide for lower surrender charge fees to be assessed later in the contract term. The following table illustrates National Western's recent international life termination experience.

			Amount in $'s						Annualized Termination Rate
			(millions)
Volume In Force Terminations:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023			$	618.0					12.0		%
Year ended December 31, 2022			1,018.8						9.0		%
Year ended December 31, 2021			1,080.1						8.7		%
Year ended December 31, 2020			1,295.2						9.5		%
Year ended December 31, 2019			1,671.5						10.9		%
Year ended December 31, 2018			1,706.3						10.0		%

As noted previously, premiums collected on universal life products are not reflected as revenues in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings in accordance with GAAP. Actual international universal life premiums collected are detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Universal life insurance:
First year and single premiums			$	—					—						—						—
Renewal premiums			9,565						11,603						20,649						23,603
Totals			$	9,565					11,603						20,649						23,603

National Western's most popular international products were its fixed-index universal life products in which the policyholder could elect to have the interest rate credited to their policy account values linked in part to the performance of an outside equity index. These products issued were not generally available in the local markets when sold. Included in the totals in the above table are collected renewal premiums for fixed-index universal life products of approximately $11.7 million and $13.3 million for the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. The declining trend in renewal premiums during these periods corresponds with the decline in policies in force due to elimination of new sales and the termination activity as discussed above.

As previously noted, net investment income and contract interest include period-to-period changes in fair values pertaining to call options purchased to hedge the interest crediting feature on the fixed-index universal life products. With the relatively large size of the fixed-index universal life block of business, the period-to-period changes in fair values of the underlying options have a significant effect on net investment income and universal life contract interest. A detail of net investment income (loss) for international life insurance operations is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Net investment income (excluding index option derivatives)			$	5,306					5,582						10,685						11,189
Index option derivative gain (loss)			3,363						(8,565)						3,382						(18,226)
Net investment income (loss)			$	8,669					(2,983)						14,067						(7,037)

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The gain or loss on index options follows the movement of the reference indice with realized gains or losses being recognized on the anniversary of each index option based upon the reference indice level at expiration date relative to the index level at the time the index option was purchased. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded for index options outstanding based upon their fair values, largely determined by the reference indice level, at the balance sheet reporting date as compared to the original purchase cost of each respective option.

Life and policy benefits primarily consist of death claims on policies. National Western's clientèle for international products are generally wealthy individuals with access to U.S. dollars and quality medical care. Consequently, the amounts of coverage purchased historically tended to be larger amounts. Life and policy benefit expense for the international life segment reflects the larger policies historically purchased, however mortality due to natural causes is comparable to that in the United States. The Company's maximum risk exposure per insured life is capped at $500,000 through reinsurance. The average international life net claim amount (after reinsurance) in the first six months of 2023 decreased to $180,000 from $299,400 in the first six months of 2022 while the number of claims incurred decreased 18%. Net claims, after reinsurance, associated with COVID-19 were $0.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $2.2 million reported in the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Included in amortization of deferred transaction costs is DPAC amortization. The Company's practice is to annually review during the third quarter its actuarial assumptions pertaining to its blocks of businesses and to update those assumptions which deviate significantly from actual experience. The Company records these adjustments whenever necessary. The following table identifies the current effect of actuarial assumption adjustments on international life insurance DPAC balances recorded through amortization expense separate from recurring amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Amortization of DPAC:
Actuarial assumption adjustments			$	—					—						—						—
Recurring amortization			3,993						4,347						8,077						8,839
Totals			$	3,993					4,347						8,077						8,839

Contract interest expense includes fluctuations that are the result of the effect upon the embedded derivative for the performance of underlying equity indices associated with fixed-index universal life products. For liability purposes, the embedded option in the Company's policyholder obligations for this feature is bifurcated and reserved for separately. Accordingly, the impact of the embedded derivative component in the equity-index universal life product is reflected in the contract interest expense for approximately the same amounts as the purchased call options are reported in net investment income for each respective period. Amounts realized on purchase call options generally approximate the amounts credited to policyholders.

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Annuity Operations

A comparative analysis of results of operations for National Western's annuity segment is detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Premiums and other revenues:
Premiums and contract revenues			$	6,362					4,656						10,602						11,962
Net investment income			61,189						55,549						114,270						116,210
Other revenues			1,786						1,369						3,802						2,598
Total premiums and other revenues			69,337						61,574						128,674						130,770
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			9,736						7,335						14,736						17,625
Market risk benefits expense			(788)						(55,492)						36,172						(116,498)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			12,399						11,740						24,006						23,719
Annuity contract interest			(396)						(11,772)						12,866						(12,849)
Other operating expenses			30,067						12,809						40,651						26,978
Total benefits and expenses			51,018						(35,380)						128,431						(61,025)
Segment earnings before Federal income taxes			18,319						96,954						243						191,795
Provision for Federal income taxes			3,407						19,566						47						39,395
Segment earnings			$	14,912					77,388						196						152,400

Premiums and contract charges primarily consist of surrender charge income recognized on terminated policies. The amount of the surrender charge income recognized is determined by the volume of surrendered contracts as well as the duration of each contract at the time of surrender given the pattern of declining surrender charge rates over time that is common to most annuity contracts. The Company's lapse rate for annuity contracts in the first six months of 2023 was 10.6% which was elevated compared to historical measures and was higher than the 8.3% rate during the same period in 2022. An outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis was the movement by consumers toward fortifying liquidity positions. This has manifested in greater withdrawal and surrender activity. In addition, annuity contracts with fixed interest rates are more prone to terminate as contracts approach the end of their surrender charge period and in periods of rising interest rates.

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Deposits collected on annuity contracts are not reflected as revenues in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings in accordance with GAAP. Actual annuity deposits collected for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Fixed-index annuities			$	18,284					71,500						43,574						157,032
Other deferred annuities			192						530						987						1,662
Immediate annuities			(1,154)						50						(712)						715
Totals			$	17,322					72,080						43,849						159,409

Fixed-index products are attractive for consumers when interest rate levels remain low and equity markets produce positive returns. Since National Western does not offer variable products or mutual funds, fixed-index products provide an important alternative to the Company's existing fixed interest rate annuity products. Fixed-index annuity deposits as a percentage of total annuity deposits were 99% and 99% for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The percentage of fixed-index products to total annuity sales reflects the historically low interest rate environment and the preference for credited interest linked in part to outside equity market indices given the overall positive performance in the equities market.

Some of the Company's deferred products, including fixed-index annuity products, contain a first year interest bonus, in addition to the base first year interest rate, which is credited to the account balance when premiums are applied. These sales inducements are deferred in conjunction with other capitalized policy acquisition costs. The amounts currently deferred to be amortized over future periods amounted to approximately $(2.8) million and $5.0 million during the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization of deferred sales inducements is included as a component of annuity contract interest as described later in this discussion of Annuity Operations.

A detail of net investment income for annuity operations is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Net investment income (excluding derivatives and trading securities)			$	57,892					54,701						117,846						110,289
Index option derivative gain (loss)			1,739						(10,290)						(601)						(23,177)
Embedded derivative on reinsurance			7,657						94,984						(21,211)						185,889
Trading securities market adjustment			(6,099)						(83,846)						18,236						(156,791)
Net investment income			$	61,189					55,549						114,270						116,210

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, net investment income was reduced by $19.2 million and $14.9 million, respectively for amounts ceded to the reinsurers under the funds withheld reinsurance agreements. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, these amounts were $39.0 million and $27.6 million, respectively.

As seen in the above table, net investment income also includes the derivative gains and losses on index options purchased to back the index crediting mechanism on fixed-index products. The derivative gain or loss on index options follows the movement of the reference indice with realized gains or losses being recognized on the anniversary of each index option based upon the reference indice at the expiration date relative to the index level at the time the index option was purchased. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded for index options outstanding based upon their fair value, largely determined by the reference indice level, at the balance sheet reporting date as compared to the original purchase cost of each respective option.

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The funds withheld reinsurance agreement with Prosperity executed December 31, 2020 introduced embedded derivative accounting with respect to the annuity policyholder obligations reinsured. The funds withheld reinsurance agreement with Aspida executed during the third quarter of 2022 follows the same embedded derivative accounting treatment. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the embedded derivative contra-liability decreased by $7.7 million, which was recorded as a component of net investment income. Debt securities supporting the funds withheld policyholder obligations classified as trading securities incurred a $(6.1) million market value decrease in the three months ended June 30, 2023, which was also recorded as a component of net investment income. The net of these two amounts, the embedded liability decrease and the change in market value of trading securities, increased net investment income in the Annuity segment by $1.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023. For the three months ended June 30, 2022, net investment income increased $11.1 million as the embedded derivative liability decreased $95.0 million and the corresponding trading securities incurred a market value decrease of $83.8 million.

Other revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 include $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of maintenance expense allowance revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, $2.7 million and $2.5 million are included in Other revenues, respectively. Under terms of the funds withheld reinsurance contracts with reinsurers, National Western earns a monthly expense allowance equal to the average policy count of the funds withheld reinsured block of business multiplied by a stated amount per policy.

Market risk benefits expense is a new income statement line item emanating from the adoption of the LDTI accounting standard. The Market risk benefits liability represents the reserve pertaining to certain contract features on annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to policyholders, such as guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits, that provide protection to contractholders from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits are measured at fair value with changes in fair value not caused by credit risk recognized in net income each period. The change in fair value of the Market risk benefits liability reported in the Condensed Statements of Earnings is impacted by interest rate movements. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the change in the Market risk benefits liability due to interest rates was an expense/(benefit) of $22.1 million and $(141.7) million, respectively. Refer to Note (7) Market Risk Benefits Liability in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Statements for further discussion. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the change in the Market risk benefits liability due to interest rates was an expense/(benefit) of $(16.1) million and $(74.4) million, respectively.

Included in amortization of deferred transaction costs is DPAC amortization. The Company's practice is to annually review during the third quarter its actuarial assumptions pertaining to its blocks of businesses and to update those assumptions which deviate significantly from actual experience. The Company records these adjustments whenever necessary. The following table identifies the current effect of actuarial assumption adjustments on annuity DPAC balances recorded through amortization expense separate from recurring amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs:
Actuarial assumption adjustments			$	—					—						—						—
DPAC recurring amortization			9,372						9,343						17,954						18,208
COR amortization expense			3,027						2,397						6,052						5,511
Totals			$	12,399					11,740						24,006						23,719

In the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, amortization expense was reduced by $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for DPAC ceded to reinsurers under the funds withheld reinsurance agreements. These amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $1.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

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Amortization of deferred transaction costs includes amortization of the cost of reinsurance recorded at year-end 2020 associated with the funds withheld reinsurance agreement with Prosperity. At December 31, 2020, the Company recorded as an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet a deferred Cost of Reinsurance ("COR") amount of $102.8 million associated with the funds withheld reinsurance transaction. This represents the amount of assets transferred at the closing date of the funds withheld agreement (debt securities, policy loans, and cash) in excess of the GAAP liability ceded plus a $48.0 million ceding commission paid to the reinsurer. The COR balance is amortized commensurate with the runoff of the ceded block of funds withheld business. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, COR amortization expense of $3.0 million and $6.1 million, respectively, is included in Amortization of deferred transaction costs, as compared to $2.4 million and $5.5 million for three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Annuity contract interest includes the equity component return associated with the call options purchased to hedge National Western's fixed-index annuities. The detail of fixed-index annuity contract interest as compared to contract interest for all other annuities is as follows:

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Fixed-index annuities			$	(2,709)					(12,650)						8,152						(12,570)
All other annuities			(1,482)						60						(2,380)						(803)
Gross contract interest			(4,191)						(12,590)						5,772						(13,373)
Bonus interest deferred and capitalized			1,890						(999)						2,829						(5,039)
Bonus interest amortization			1,905						1,817						4,265						5,563
Total contract interest			$	(396)					(11,772)						12,866						(12,849)

The fluctuation in reported contract interest amounts for fixed-index annuities is driven by sales levels, the level of the business in force and the movement of the embedded derivative liability associated with the index options. As noted in the net investment income discussion, the amounts shown for contract interest for fixed-index annuities generally align with the derivative gains/(losses) included in net investment income due to the market change of index options aligning closely with the movement of the embedded derivative liability held for these products.

Annuity contract interest includes adjustments to the deferred sales inducement balance which are done similar to that of DPAC balances with the adjustment reflected in current period contract interest expense. To the extent required, the Company records actuarial assumption adjustments to deferred sales inducement balances in conjunction with DPAC balance adjustments. No actuarial assumption adjustments were made in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

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ONL & Affiliates

Ozark National and NIS are combined into a separate segment "ONL & Affiliates" given their inter-related marketing and sales approach which consists of a coordinated sale of a non-participating whole life insurance product (Ozark National) and a mutual fund investment product (NIS). An analysis of results of operations for the ONL & Affiliates segment is detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Premiums and other revenues:
Premiums and contract charges			$	18,504					18,831						37,656						38,317
Net investment income			8,243						7,209						16,161						14,137
Other revenues			2,636						2,873						5,325						6,088
Total premiums and other revenues			29,383						28,913						59,142						58,542
Benefits and expenses:
Life and other policy benefits			14,420						13,032						29,223						27,681
Amortization of deferred transaction costs			2,399						3,365						4,816						6,837
Other operating expenses			5,715						5,090						10,218						10,071
Total benefits and expenses			22,534						21,487						44,257						44,589
Segment earnings before Federal income taxes			6,849						7,426						14,885						13,953
Provision for Federal income taxes			1,390						1,509						3,030						2,830
Segment earnings			$	5,459					5,917						11,855						11,123

Revenues from ONL & Affiliates principally include life insurance premiums on traditional type products. Unlike universal life, revenues from traditional products are simply life premiums recognized as income over the premium-paying period of the related policies. The detail of premiums is provided below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Traditional life insurance premiums			$	19,303					19,598						38,946						39,575
Other insurance premiums and considerations			88						97						181						200
Reinsurance premiums			(887)						(864)						(1,471)						(1,458)
Totals			$	18,504					18,831						37,656						38,317

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Ozark National's traditional life block of business at June 30, 2023 included 169,957 policies in force representing in excess of $5.6 billion of life insurance coverage. The repetitive pay nature of Ozark National's business generally promotes a higher level of persistency with an annualized lapse rate of 4.35% through June 30, 2023 slightly higher than the 4.3% rate experienced in the first six months of 2022. Traditional life premiums by first year and renewal are detailed below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Traditional life insurance premiums:
First year premiums			$	958					1,028						1,853						2,000
Renewal premiums			18,345						18,570						37,093						37,575
Totals			$	19,303					19,598						38,946						39,575

Other revenues consist primarily of brokerage revenue of NIS. Brokerage revenues of $5.3 million and $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, had associated brokerage expense of $2.5 million and $3.0 million which is included in Other operating expenses. Brokerage revenues of $2.6 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, had associated broker expenses of $1.3 million and $1.4 million.

The average face value of Ozark National's policies in force at June 30, 2023 was approximately $33,100. Life and policy benefits are subject to variation from quarter to quarter. Incurred net death claims, after reinsurance, for the first six months of 2023 were $19.1 million representing an average net claim of $16,500. Incurred net death claims in the six month period ended June 30, 2022 were $19.0 million representing a net average claim of $15,700. Ozark National's maximum retention on any single insured life is $200,000 with limited exceptions related to the conversion of child protection and guaranteed insurability riders. The balance of life and policy benefits during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of increases in insurance reserves and payments of other policy benefits.

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Amortization of deferred transaction costs for this segment includes amortization of DPAC and the value of business acquired ("VOBA"). VOBA represents the difference between the acquired assets and liabilities of Ozark National at the acquisition date measured in accordance with the Company's accounting policies and the fair value of these same assets and liabilities. The VOBA balance sheet amount is amortized following a methodology similar to that used for amortizing deferred policy acquisition costs. Subsequent to its acquisition effective January 31, 2019, Ozark National began deferring policy acquisition costs and amortizing these deferrals similar to the methodology employed by National Western. The following table identifies the amortization expense of Ozark National's DPAC and VOBA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Amortization of deferred transaction costs:
Actuarial assumption adjustments			$	—					—						—						—
VOBA amortization expense			2,185						3,174						4,398						6,408
DPAC recurring amortization			214						191						418						429
Totals			$	2,399					3,365						4,816						6,837

Other Operations

The Company's primary business encompasses its domestic and international life insurance operations, its annuity operations, and ONL & Affiliates. However, the Company also has real estate and other investment operations through its wholly owned subsidiaries.

Pre-tax operating amounts include the results of BP III, the entity owning and operating the Company's home office facility in Austin, Texas. BP III incurred pre-tax losses of $(1.1) million and $(0.6) million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. National Western maintains its home office in this facility leasing approximately 40% of the space available. The lease payments made by National Western to BP III have been eliminated in consolidation. The increase in pre-tax loss during the first six months of 2023 represents unleased space during the period due to a previous tenant paying an early termination fee at the end of 2022.

The remaining pre-tax earnings of $20.1 million and $10.8 million in Other Operations during the six-month periods includes investment income from real estate, municipal bonds, and common and preferred equities held in subsidiary company portfolios principally for tax-advantage purposes. Included in these amounts are semi-annual distributions from a life interest in the Libbie

Shearn Moody Trust ("LSM Trust") which is held in NWLSM, Inc. Pre-tax distributions from the LSM Trust were $6.1 million and $2.3 million in the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increased distribution in the 2023 period is due to the LSM Trust reinvesting the proceeds received from the sale of American National Group, Inc. in 2022 in yields exceeding the dividend previously earned on the shares held of American Nation Group, Inc.

Included in the pre-tax earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2022, is a $6.8 million non-recurring profits participation payment received on a mezzanine loan. The Company holds a modest portfolio of equity securities, primarily in NWL Financial, Inc., whose fair value changes are recorded in net investment income. For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the market value changes for these securities were $1.2 million and $(5.2) million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the market value changes were $1.5 million and $(5.9) million, respectively.

INVESTMENTS

General

The Company's investment philosophy emphasizes the careful handling of policyowners' and stockholders' funds to achieve security of principal, to obtain the maximum possible yield while maintaining security of principal, and to maintain liquidity in a measure consistent with current and long-term requirements of the Company.

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The Company's overall conservative investment philosophy is reflected in the allocation of its investments, which is detailed below. The Company emphasizes investment grade debt securities.

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Carrying Value						%						Carrying Value						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Debt securities available-for-sale			$	7,324,100					78.3						$	7,611,633					79.7
Debt securities trading			1,069,625						11.4						1,065,993						11.1
Mortgage loans			495,411						5.3						505,730						5.3
Policy loans			69,123						0.7						70,495						0.7
Derivatives, index options			72,863						0.8						23,669						0.2
Real estate			27,413						0.3						27,712						0.3
Equity securities			23,157						0.2						22,076						0.2
Other			273,053						2.9						234,394						2.5
Short-term investments			7,821						0.1						3,937						—
Totals			$	9,362,566					100.0						$	9,565,639					100.0

Invested assets at June 30, 2023 include Ozark National and NIS amounts as follows: Debt securities of $707.2 million and Policy loans of $21.4 million. These invested asset amounts at December 31, 2022 were: Debt securities of $674.8 million and Policy loans of $22.2 million.

The Company's available-for-sale debt securities and trading debt securities portfolios in aggregate had an exposure to regional bank bonds totaling $168.9 million at June 30, 2023. This represents 1.8% of the Company's total invested assets as of that date. Of this amount, $5.0 million of bank debt securities were held in the trading debt securities portfolio which is managed by reinsurers under funds withheld reinsurance agreements who bear the financial risk of any credit loss with respect to these securities. Neither debt securities portfolio had exposure to Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, or First Republic Bank. The Company carefully monitors its credit exposures to this sector and did not maintain a credit loss allowance with respect to its holdings at June 30, 2023.

Debt Securities

GAAP accounting requires investments in debt securities to be classified into one of three categories: (a) trading securities; (b) securities available-for-sale; or (c) securities held-to-maturity. Although the Company's investment philosophy calls for purchases of securities with the intent to hold to maturity, the introduction of funds withheld coinsurance arrangements precludes the Company from utilizing the held-to-maturity category when classifying its debt securities. Consequently, the Company has designated its debt securities holdings as available-for-sale and any funds-held acquisitions as trading securities. The discussion that follows reflects this category classification.

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The Company maintains a diversified debt securities portfolio which consists mostly of corporate, mortgage-backed, and public utility fixed income securities. Investments in mortgage-backed securities primarily include U.S. Government agency pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMO"). The Company's investment guidelines prescribe limitations by type of security as a percent of the total investment portfolio and all holdings were within these threshold limits. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company's available-for-sale debt securities portfolio consisted of the following classes of securities:

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Carrying Value						%						Carrying Value						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Corporate			$	5,190,186					70.9						$	5,631,572					74.0
Residential mortgage-backed securities			269,443						3.7						321,032						4.2
Public utilities			555,427						7.6						615,137						8.1
State and political subdivisions			405,639						5.5						411,499						5.4
U.S. agencies			25,305						0.3						20,626						0.3
Asset-backed securities			802,611						11.0						542,866						7.1
Commercial mortgage-backed			24,869						0.3						20,285						0.3
Foreign governments			47,900						0.7						45,887						0.6
U.S. Treasury			2,720						—						2,729						—
Totals			$	7,324,100					100.0						$	7,611,633					100.0

The Company holds minimal levels of U.S. Treasury securities due to their low yields and deposits most of these holdings with various state insurance departments in order to meet security deposit on hand requirements in these jurisdictions.

A substantial portion of the Company's investable cash flows are directed toward the purchase of long-term debt securities. The Company's investment policy calls for investing in debt securities that are investment grade, meet quality and yield objectives, and provide adequate liquidity for obligations to policyholders. Particular attention is paid to avoiding concentration in any one industry classification or in large singular credit exposures. Debt securities with intermediate maturities are typically targeted by the Company as they more closely match the intermediate nature of the Company's policy liabilities and provide an appropriate strategy for managing cash flows. Long-term debt securities purchased to fund National Western insurance company operations are summarized below.

			Six Months Ended June 30,						Year Ended December 31,
			2023						2022
			($ In thousands)
Cost of acquisitions			$	43,291					$	697,489
Average credit quality			A+						A-
Effective annual yield			6.40		%				4.21		%
Spread to treasuries			2.63		%				1.76		%
Effective duration			5.3 years						8.0 years

Prior to 2022, the Company had been purchasing a higher proportion of longer maturity debt securities to match the increased duration of its growing life insurance policy liabilities. With the inversion of the yield curve beginning in 2022, longer duration debt securities have not provided sufficient incremental yield and value to warrant extending maturities on new purchases.

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In addition to diversification, an important aspect of the Company's investment approach is managing the credit quality of its investment in debt securities. Thorough credit analysis is performed on potential corporate investments including examination of a company's credit and industry outlook, financial ratios and trends, and event risks. This emphasis is reflected in the high average credit rating of the Company's available-for-sale debt securities portfolio with 98.3%, as of June 30, 2023, held in investment grade securities. In the table below, investments in available-for-sale debt securities are classified according to credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations.

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Carrying Value						%						Carrying Value						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
AAA			$	170,381					2.3						$	152,934					2.0
AA			987,687						13.5						1,047,929						13.8
A			2,546,282						34.8						2,625,189						34.5
BBB			3,498,697						47.7						3,673,096						48.2
BB and other below investment grade			121,053						1.7						112,485						1.5
Totals			$	7,324,100					100.0						$	7,611,633					100.0

Historically, the Company's investment guidelines have not permitted the purchase of below investment grade securities. Recently, these guidelines were amended to allow for purchases of below investment grade securities that are part of an alternative investment ("Schedule BA assets"). The Company continues its longstanding practice of not purchasing any other below investment grade securities. Investments held in available-for-sale debt securities may become below investment grade as a result of subsequent downgrades of the securities. These below investment grade holdings, including structured notes associated with the Schedule BA assets category, are further summarized below.

			Available-for-Sale Below Investment Grade Debt Securities
			Amortized Cost						Carrying Value						Fair Value						% of Invested Assets
			(In thousands, except percentages)
June 30, 2023			$	129,613					121,053						121,053						1.3		%
December 31, 2022			$	121,676					112,485						112,485						1.2		%

The Company's percentage of below investment grade securities to total invested assets at June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 remained level in the first six months of 2023. The Company's holdings of below investment grade securities as a percentage of total invested assets continue to remain low compared to industry averages.

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Holdings in below investment grade securities as of June 30, 2023 are summarized below by category, including their comparable fair value as of December 31, 2022 for those debt securities rated below investment grade at June 30, 2023. The Company continually monitors developments in these industries for issues that may affect security valuation.

						Available-for-Sale Below Investment Grade Debt Securities
						Amortized Cost						Carrying Value						Fair Value						Fair Value
Industry Category						June 30, 2023						June 30, 2023						June 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
						(In thousands)
Asset-backed securities						$	72					69						69						73
Oil & gas						81,372						75,295						75,295						74,949
Manufacturing						11,995						10,850						10,850						10,585
Other						36,174						34,839						34,839						28,832
Total before allowance for credit losses						129,613						121,053						121,053						114,439
Allowance for credit losses						—						—						—						—
Totals						$	129,613					121,053						121,053						114,439

The Company evaluates its below investment grade holdings by reviewing investment performance indicators, including information such as issuer operating performance, debt ratings, analyst reports and other economic factors that may affect these specific investments. While additional losses are not currently anticipated, based on the existing status and condition of these securities, credit deterioration of some securities or the markets in general is possible, which may result in future allowances or write-downs. The Company has no direct holdings of debt securities with operations in Russia, Ukraine or Belarus, nor does it hold any investments with significant exposure to these regions.

The Company's holdings in the available-for-sale category provide flexibility to the Company to react to market opportunities and conditions and to practice active management within the portfolio to provide adequate liquidity to meet policyholder obligations and other cash needs. Available-for-sale debt securities are reported at their fair market values with any change reported through Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) in the Stockholders' Equity section of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Debt securities classified as trading securities represent debt security investments made by reinsurers in the funds withheld asset accounts in accordance with their respective reinsurance agreements. The designation as trading securities allows the market value fluctuation of these securities to be recorded directly in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. This results in offsetting the embedded derivative liability change due to market value fluctuations which is also recorded directly in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Debt securities available-for-sale and debt securities trading are summarized as follows at June 30, 2023.

			June 30, 2023
			Fair Value						Amortized Cost						Allowance for Credit Losses						Unrealized Gains (Losses)
			(In thousands)
Debt securities available-for-sale			$	7,324,100					8,083,487						—						(759,387)
Debt securities trading			1,069,625						1,254,993						—						(185,368)
Totals			$	8,393,725					9,338,480						—						(944,755)

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The unrealized loss position of the Company's debt securities holdings reflects the effect of rising interest rate levels on fair market values. At December 31, 2022, the Company's available-for-sale and trading debt securities were in an unrealized loss position of $(1.0) billion. At June 30, 2023, this position had decreased slightly to an unrealized loss of $(944.8) million reflecting a marginal decrease in interest rate levels during the first half of 2023.

The Company's trading debt securities portfolio consisted of the following classes of securities:

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Carrying Value						%						Carrying Value						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Corporate			$	436,530					40.8						$	450,135					42.3
Residential mortgage-backed securities			9,776						0.9						16,857						1.6
Public utilities			26,154						2.4						26,030						2.4
State and political subdivisions			12,681						1.2						12,126						1.1
Asset-backed securities			338,303						31.6						313,588						29.4
Commercial mortgage-backed			215,694						20.2						221,096						20.7
Collateralized loan obligations			30,487						2.9						26,161						2.5
Totals			$	1,069,625					100.0						$	1,065,993					100.0

In the table below, investments in trading debt securities are classified according to credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations.

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Carrying Value						%						Carrying Value						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
AAA			$	9,781					0.9						$	13,645					1.3
AA			88,059						8.2						54,650						5.1
A			368,617						34.5						365,770						34.3
BBB			545,293						51.0						577,424						54.2
BB and other below investment grade			57,875						5.4						54,504						5.1
Totals			$	1,069,625					100.0						$	1,065,993					100.0

The investments in the trading debt securities below investment grade are summarized below.

			Below Investment Grade Trading Debt Securities
			Amortized Cost						Carrying Value						Fair Value						% of Invested Assets
			(In thousands, except percentages)
June 30, 2023			$	63,205					57,875						57,875						0.6		%
December 31, 2022			62,232						54,504						54,504						0.6		%

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Mortgage Loans and Real Estate

The Company originates loans on high quality, income-producing properties such as shopping centers, freestanding retail stores, office buildings, industrial and sales or service facilities, selected apartment buildings, hotels, and health care facilities. The locations of these properties are typically in major metropolitan areas that offer a potential for property value appreciation. Credit and default risk is minimized through strict underwriting guidelines and diversification of underlying property types and geographic locations. In addition to being secured by the property, mortgage loans with leases on the underlying property are often secured by the lease payments. This approach has proved over time to result in quality mortgage loans with few defaults. Mortgage loan interest income is recognized on an accrual basis with any premium or discount amortized over the life of the loan.  Prepayment and late fees are recorded on the date of collection.

The Company targets a minimum specified yield on mortgage loan investments determined by reference to currently available debt security instrument yields, plus a desired amount of incremental basis points. A low interest rate environment, along with a competitive marketplace, have resulted in fewer loan opportunities being available meeting the Company's required rate of return. The subsequent rapid rise in interest rate levels beginning in 2022 caused potential mortgage loan opportunities to fall outside the Company's underwriting criteria further causing a lower level of originations. Mortgage loans originated by the Company totaled $1.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $44.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and $47.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Loans in foreclosure, loans considered impaired or loans past due 90 days or more are placed on a non-accrual status. If a mortgage loan is determined to be on non-accrual status, the mortgage loan does not accrue any revenue into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The loan is independently monitored and evaluated as to potential impairment or foreclosure. If delinquent payments are made and the loan is brought current, then the Company returns the loan to active status and accrues income accordingly. The Company currently has no loans past due 90 days which are accruing interest.

The Company held net investments in mortgage loans, after allowances for possible losses, totaling $495.4 million and $505.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The diversification of the portfolio by geographic region and property type was as follows.

			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Amount						%						Amount						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Mortgage Loans by Geographic Region:
West South Central			$	212,718					42.5						$	220,357					43.2
South Atlantic			103,444						20.7						104,334						20.4
East North Central			59,849						12.0						60,520						11.9
West North Central			11,802						2.4						11,942						2.3
East South Central			18,459						3.7						18,753						3.7
Pacific			11,660						2.3						11,924						2.3
Middle Atlantic			40,628						8.1						40,742						8.0
Mountain			41,725						8.3						42,023						8.2
Gross balance			500,285						100.0						510,595						100.0
Market value adjustment			(1,138)						(0.2)						(1,290)						(0.3)
Allowance for credit losses			(3,736)						(0.8)						(3,575)						(0.7)
Totals			$	495,411					99.0						$	505,730					99.0

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			June 30, 2023												December 31, 2022
			Amount						%						Amount						%
			(In thousands)												(In thousands)
Mortgage Loans by Property Type:
Retail			$	163,186					32.6						$	169,618					33.2
Office			138,684						27.7						140,092						27.4
Storage facility			78,992						15.9						79,853						15.7
Apartments			38,092						7.6						38,377						7.5
Industrial			35,382						7.1						35,896						7.0
Hotel			23,222						4.6						23,431						4.6
Land/Lots			4,173						0.8						4,605						0.9
Residential			14,599						2.9						14,599						2.9
All other			3,955						0.8						4,124						0.8
Gross balance			500,285						100.0						510,595						100.0
Market value adjustment			(1,138)						(0.2)						(1,290)						(0.3)
Allowance for credit losses			(3,736)						(0.8)						(3,575)						(0.7)
Totals			$	495,411					99.0						$	505,730					99.0

Included in the mortgage loan investment balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were mortgage loan investments made by Prosperity under the funds withheld reinsurance agreement totaling $19.4 million and $19.3 million, respectively. Similar to trading debt securities, these loans are reported at fair market values in order to allow the market value fluctuation to be recorded directly in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and to offset the embedded derivative liability change due to market value fluctuations.

The Company employs the Weighted Average Remaining Maturity ("WARM") method in estimating current expected credit losses with respect to mortgage loan investments. The WARM method applies publicly available data of default incidence of commercial real estate properties by several defined segmentations combined with future assumptions regarding economic conditions (i.e. GDP forecasts) both in the near term and the long term. Changes in the allowance for current expected credit losses are reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Mortgage Loans Allowance for Credit Losses:
Balance, beginning of the period			$	3,703					2,816						3,575						2,987
Provision (release) during the period			33						(243)						161						(414)
Balance, end of period			$	3,736					2,573						3,736						2,573

The Company's direct investments in real estate consist primarily of a half-dozen income-producing properties which are being operated by a wholly owned subsidiary of National Western. The Company's real estate investments totaled approximately $27.4 million and $27.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

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The Company recognized operating income of approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million on real estate properties in the first six months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold land located in Freeport, Texas and Houston, Texas for a net realized gain of $0.3 million. The Company monitors the conditions and market values of these properties on a regular basis and makes repairs and capital improvements to keep the properties in good condition.

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of change in market values of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity prices, or equity prices. The most significant market risk exposure for the Company is interest rate risk. Substantial and sustained increases and decreases in market interest rates can affect the profitability of insurance products and fair value of investments. The yield realized on new investments generally increases or decreases in direct relationship with interest rate changes. The fair values of fixed income debt securities correlate to external market interest rate conditions as market values typically increase when market interest rates decline and decrease when market interest rates rise. However, market values may fluctuate for other reasons, such as changing economic conditions, market dislocations, declination in credit quality, or increasing event-risk concerns.

Interest Rate Risk

A gradual increase in interest rates is generally a positive development for the Company. Rate increases would be expected to provide incremental net investment income, produce increased sales of fixed rate products, and limit the potential erosion of the Company's interest rate spread on products due to minimum guaranteed crediting rates in products. Conversely, a rise in interest rates reduces the fair value of the Company's investment portfolio and if long-term rates rise dramatically within a relatively short time period the Company could be exposed to disintermediation risk. Disintermediation risk is the risk that policyholders will surrender their policies in a rising interest rate environment forcing the Company to liquidate assets when they are in an unrealized loss position. The Company seeks to minimize the impact of interest rate risk, at least with respect to some of its products, through surrender charges that are imposed to discourage policy surrenders and to offset unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs.

A decline in interest rates could cause certain mortgage-backed securities in the Company's portfolio to be more likely to pay down or prepay. In this situation, the Company typically would not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable yields. Lower interest rates cause lower net investment income, subject the Company to reinvestment rate risks, and possibly reduce profitability through reduced interest rate margins associated with products having minimum guaranteed crediting rates. Conversely, the fair value of the Company's investment portfolio increases when interest rates decline.

The correlation between fair values and interest rates of available-for-sale debt securities for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023, and for the year ended December 31, 2022 is reflected in the tables below.

			June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
			(In thousands except percentages)
Available-for-Sale Debt securities - fair value			$	7,324,100					7,586,306						7,611,633
Available-for-Sale Debt securities - amortized cost			$	8,083,487					8,255,018						8,438,761
Fair value as a percentage of amortized cost			90.61		%				91.90		%				90.20		%
Net unrealized gain (loss) balance			$	(759,387)					(668,712)						(827,128)
Ten-year U.S. Treasury bond – increase (decrease) in yield for the period			0.37		%				(0.41)		%				2.37		%

The Company's trading debt securities, which are exclusively in funds withheld assets managed by reinsurers, are recorded at fair value upon purchase. While the recorded value of these trading debt securities subsequently fluctuates with market prices, the fair value movement of the securities is entirely offset by an identical fair value movement of the associated funds withheld liabilities.

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The Company's unrealized gain (loss) balance for available-for-sale debt securities and trading debt securities held at June 30, 2023, March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 is shown in the following table.

			Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) Balance
			At June 30, 2023						At March 31, 2023						At December 31, 2022						Quarter Change in Unrealized Balance						Year-to-date Change in Unrealized Balance
			(In thousands)
Debt securities available-for-sale			$	(759,387)					(668,712)						(827,129)						(90,675)						67,742
Debt securities trading			(185,368)						(179,269)						(203,604)						(6,099)						18,236
Totals			$	(944,755)					(847,981)						(1,030,733)						(96,774)						85,978

Changes in interest rates typically have a sizable effect on the fair values of the Company's debt securities. The market interest rate of the ten-year U.S. Treasury bond decreased 4 basis points from 3.88% at year-end 2022 to 3.84% by the end of the first six months of 2023. Therefore, the decrease in the unrealized loss balance position from that at December 31, 2022 is the expected portfolio value movement.

The Company manages interest rate risk principally through ongoing cash flow testing as required for insurance regulatory purposes. Computer models are used to perform cash flow testing under various commonly used stress test interest rate scenarios to determine if existing assets would be sufficient to meet projected liability outflows. Sensitivity analysis allows the Company to measure the potential gain or loss in fair value of its interest-sensitive instruments and to protect its economic value and achieve a predictable spread between what is earned on invested assets and what is paid on liabilities. The Company seeks to minimize the impact of interest risk through surrender charges that are imposed to discourage policy surrenders. Interest rate changes can be anticipated in computer models and the corresponding risk addressed by management actions affecting asset and liability instruments. However, potential changes in the values of financial instruments indicated by hypothetical interest rate changes will likely be different from actual changes experienced, and the differences could be significant.

The Company has the ability to adjust interest rates, participation rates, and asset management fees and caps, as applicable, in response to changes in investment portfolio yields for a substantial portion of its business in force. The ability to adjust these rates is subject to competitive forces in the market for the Company’s products. Surrender rates could increase and new sales could be negatively affected if crediting rates are not competitive with the rates on competing products offered by other insurance companies and financial service entities. The Company designs its interest sensitive and annuity products with features encouraging persistency, such as surrender and withdrawal penalty provisions. Typically, surrender charge rates gradually decrease each year the contract is in force.

The Company performed detailed sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2022, for its interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities. The changes in market values of the Company's debt securities in the first six months of 2023 were reasonable given the expected range of results of this analysis.

Credit Risk

The Company is exposed to credit risk through counterparties and within its investment portfolio. Credit risk relates to the uncertainty associated with an obligor's continued ability to make timely payments of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of an instrument or contract. As previously discussed, the Company manages credit risk through established investment credit policies and guidelines which address the quality of creditors and counterparties, concentration limits, diversification practices and acceptable risk levels. These policies and guidelines are regularly reviewed and approved by senior management and the Company's Board of Directors.

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In connection with the Company’s use of call options to hedge the equity return component of its fixed-indexed annuity and life products, the Company is exposed to the risk that a counterparty fails to perform under terms of the option contract. The Company purchases primarily one-year option contracts from multiple counterparties and evaluates the creditworthiness of all counterparties prior to the purchase of the contracts. For consideration in contracting with a counterparty, the rating required by the Company is a credit rating of “A” or higher. Accordingly, all options are purchased from nationally recognized financial institutions with a demonstrated performance for honoring their financial obligations and possessing substantial financial capacity. In addition, each counterparty is required to execute a credit support agreement obligating the counterparty to provide collateral to the Company when the fair value of the Company’s exposure to the counterparty exceeds specified amounts. Counterparty credit ratings and credit exposure are monitored continuously by National Western’s Investment Department with adjustments to collateral levels managed as incurred under the credit support agreements.

The Company follows the industry practice of reinsuring (ceding) portions of its insurance risks with a variety of reinsurance companies on either a coinsurance or a modified coinsurance basis in order to limit risk. Use of reinsurance does not relieve the Company of its primary liability to pay the full amount of the insurance benefit in the event the reinsurer (counterparty) fails to honor its contractual obligation. Consequently, the Company avoids concentrating reinsurance counterparty credit risk with any one reinsurer and only maintains reinsurance agreements with reputable carriers which are well-capitalized and highly rated by independent rating agencies. With respect to the funds withheld coinsurance arrangements entered into by National Western, assets backing the reserves for the policyholder obligations under the agreement are retained by the Company and are available to meet benefit payment commitments. In addition, National Western is the beneficiary of an incremental collateral trust account provided by the reinsurer providing additional security for the payment of all amounts due under the reinsurance agreement.

The Company is also exposed to credit spread risk related to market prices of investment securities and cash flows associated with changes in credit spreads. Credit spread tightening will reduce net investment income associated with new purchases of fixed debt securities and will increase the fair value of the investment portfolio. Credit spread widening will reduce the fair value of the investment portfolio and will increase net investment income on new purchases.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity

Liquidity requirements are met primarily by funds provided from operations. Premium deposits and annuity considerations, investment income, and investment maturities and prepayments are the primary sources of funds while investment purchases, policy benefits in the form of claims, and payments to policyholders and contract holders in connection with surrenders and withdrawals as well as operating expenses are the primary uses of funds. To ensure the Company will be able to pay future commitments, the funds received as premium payments and deposits are invested in high quality investments, primarily fixed income securities. Funds are invested with the intent that the income from investments, plus proceeds from maturities, will meet the ongoing cash flow needs of the Company. The approach of matching asset and liability durations and yields requires an appropriate mix of investments. Although the Company historically has not been put in the position of having to liquidate invested assets to provide cash flow, its investments consist primarily of marketable debt securities that could be readily converted to cash for liquidity needs. National Western maintains a line of credit facility in the amount of $75 million which it may access for short-term cash needs. There were no borrowings under the line of credit as of June 30, 2023.

In addition, National Western is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (FHLB) through an initial minimum required stock investment of $4.3 million. Through this membership, National Western is able to create a specified borrowing capacity based upon the amount of collateral it elects to establish. At June 30, 2023, securities and commercial loans with amortized values of $341.3 million (fair value of $323.4 million) were pledged as collateral to the FHLB.

A primary liquidity concern for life insurers is the risk of an extraordinary level of early policyholder withdrawals, particularly with respect to annuity products which can move more rapidly with interest rate changes. The Company includes provisions within its annuity and universal life insurance policies, such as surrender and market value adjustments, that help limit and discourage early withdrawals.

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The actual amounts paid by product line in connection with surrenders and withdrawals, before reinsurance, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, are noted in the table below.

			Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
			2023						2022						2023						2022
			(In thousands)
Product Line:
Traditional Life			$	4,140					4,335						8,382						8,056
Universal Life			32,287						25,459						57,814						47,923
Annuities			206,413						142,332						355,832						292,304
Total			$	242,840					172,126						422,028						348,283

The above contractual withdrawals, as well as the level of surrenders experienced, and the associated cash outflows did not have a material adverse impact on overall liquidity. The amounts shown includes funds withheld policyholder obligations and Ozark National cash outflows. Individual life insurance policies are typically less susceptible to withdrawal than annuity reserves and deposit liabilities because policyholders may need to undergo a new underwriting process in order to obtain a new insurance policy elsewhere. Annuity dollar outflows are generally more sensitive to economic conditions, interest rate levels, and the level of surrender charges assessed upon withdrawal or termination. Annuity outflows during 2023 have increased, particularly during the second quarter, with higher interest rate offerings on competing financial products. Cash flow projections and tests under various market interest rate scenarios and assumptions are performed to assist in evaluating liquidity needs and adequacy. The Company continues to augment and enhance its level of liquidity analysis given ongoing changes in the economic environment and related market conditions. Accordingly, the Company currently expects available liquidity sources and future cash flows to be adequate to meet the demand for funds.

Cash flows from the Company's insurance operations have historically been sufficient to meet current needs. Cash flows from operating activities were $118.3 million and $138.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company also has significant cash flows from both scheduled and unscheduled investment security maturities, redemptions, and prepayments. These cash flows totaled $471.5 million and $635.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's scheduled investment security maturities beginning in the third quarter of 2023 are significantly higher than that experienced in the first six months of the year. Net cash inflows/(outflows) from the Company's universal life and investment annuity deposit product operations totaled $(447.2) million and $(226.0) million during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The higher negative net outflow in the first six months of 2023 reflects lower levels of fixed-index annuity and life sales in tandem with higher surrender activity.

Capital Resources

The Company relies on stockholders' equity for its capital resources as there is no long-term debt outstanding and the Company does not anticipate the need for any long-term debt in the near future. As of June 30, 2023, the Company maintained commitments for its normal operating and investment activities.

The Company has declared and paid an annual dividend on its common shares since 2005. The Company's practice has been to take a conservative approach to dividends, and the Board of Directors has adopted a strategic position to substantially reinvest earnings internally. This conservative approach yields the following benefits: (1) providing capital to finance the development of new business; (2) enabling the Company to take advantage of potential acquisitions and other competitive situations as they arise; (3) building a strong capital base to support the Company's financial strength ratings; (4) maintaining the Company's liquidity and solvency during difficult economic and market conditions; and (5) enhancing the Company's regulatory capital position. For similar reasons, despite the fact the market price of the Class A Common Stock has been trading at a discount to the book value per share for an extended period of time, there are no imminent plans for the Company to repurchase its shares.

As the largest subsidiary of NWLGI, National Western serves as the primary funding source for NWLGI. The capacity of National Western to pay dividends to NWLGI is limited by law in the state of Colorado to earned profits (statutory unassigned surplus). At December 31, 2022, the maximum amount legally available for distribution during 2023 without further regulatory approval was $66.5 million. National Western did not pay any dividends during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

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It is Company practice to not enter into off-balance sheet arrangements or to issue guarantees to third parties, other than in the normal course of issuing insurance contracts. Commitments related to insurance products sold are reflected as liabilities for future policy benefits. Insurance contracts guarantee certain performances by National Western and Ozark National.

Insurance reserves are the means by which life insurance companies determine the liabilities that must be established to assure that future policy benefits are provided for and can be paid. These reserves are required by law and based upon standard actuarial methodologies to ensure fulfillment of commitments guaranteed to policyholders and their beneficiaries, even though the obligations may not be due for many years.

The table below summarizes future estimated cash payments under existing contractual obligations.

			Payment Due by Period
			Total						Less Than 1 Year						1 Year or More
			(In thousands)
Loan commitments			$	36,900					36,900						—
Commitments for investment capital funding (3)			197,160						52,382						144,778
Lease obligations			832						343						489
Claims payable (1)			92,441						92,441						—
Other long-term reserve liabilities reflected on the balance sheet (2)			12,161,343						957,493						11,203,850
Total			$	12,488,676					1,139,559						11,349,117

(1) Claims payable include benefit and claim liabilities for life, accident and health policies which the Company believes the amount and timing of the payment is essentially fixed and determinable. Such amounts generally relate to incurred and reported death, critical illness, accident and health claims including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported.

(2)  Other long-term liabilities include estimated life and annuity obligations related to death claims, policy surrenders, policy withdrawals, maturities and annuity payments based on mortality, lapse, annuitization, and withdrawal assumptions consistent with the Company's historical experience. These estimated life and annuity obligations are undiscounted projected cash outflows that assume interest crediting and market growth consistent with assumptions used in amortizing deferred acquisition costs. They do not include any offsets for future premiums or deposits. Other long-term liabilities also include determinable payout patterns related to immediate annuities. Due to the significance of the assumptions used, the actual cash outflows will differ both in amount and timing, possibly materially, from these estimates.

(3) Represents commitments for investment capital requirements that have not been funded as of the current balance sheet date.

The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Braker P III, LLC ("BP III"), owns a commercial office building for which it has entered into lease agreements with various tenants for space not occupied by the Company. Total revenues recorded pertaining to these non-Company leases for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $0.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and for the six months there ended amounted to $1.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Under their respective terms these leases expire at various dates from 2025 through 2029.

The table below summarizes future estimated cash receipts under all existing lease agreements, including those in addition to the BP III lease agreements discussed above.

			Estimated Cash Receipts by Period
			Total						Less Than 1 Year						1 - 3 Years						3 - 5 Years						More Than 5 Years
			(In thousands)
Real estate revenue			$	34,876					6,082						10,882						7,038						10,874

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CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Changes in Accounting Principles

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the required LDTI accounting standard employing a modified retrospective transition method, which requires that the accounting guidance be applied as of the beginning of the earliest period in which it is presented in reported financial statements, which for the Company is the year ended December 31, 2021. Accordingly, the Company's transition date for purposes of LDTI is January 1, 2021. The impact from adoption of LDTI resulted in an increase to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and an increase to Retained Earnings of $176.7 million and $28.3 million, respectively, net of tax.

REGULATORY AND OTHER ISSUES

Statutory Accounting Practices

Regulations that affect the Company and the insurance industry are often the result of actions taken by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"). The NAIC routinely publishes new regulations as model acts or laws which states subsequently adopt as part of their insurance regulations. Currently, the Company is not aware of any NAIC regulatory matter material to its operations or reporting of financial results.

Risk-Based Capital Requirements

The NAIC established risk-based capital ("RBC") standards for U.S. life insurers as well as a risk-based capital model act ("RBC Model Act"). The RBC Model Act requires that life insurers annually submit a report to state regulators regarding their RBC amounts based upon four categories of risk which are: (i) asset risk, which primarily focuses on the quality of investments; (ii) insurance risk, which encompasses mortality and morbidity risk; (iii) interest rate risk, which involves asset/liability matching issues; and (iv) other business risks. The capital requirement for each is determined by applying factors that vary based upon the degree of risk to various asset, premium, insurance in force, and policy benefit reserve items. The formula is an early warning tool used by regulators to identify potential weakly capitalized companies for purposes of initiating further regulatory action. Independent rating agencies utilize proprietary versions similar to the NAIC RBC model incorporating additional risk factors identified in their respective rating methodologies. National Western and Ozark National's current statutory capital and surplus are each substantially in excess of applicable statutory RBC requirements.

ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES

ABOUT MARKET RISK

This information is included in Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in the Investments section.

ITEM 4.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company implemented internal controls associated with new processes supporting the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 for long-duration insurance contracts, which the Company adopted on January 1, 2023 using a modified retrospective method. For additional information, please refer to Note (1) Consolidation and Basis of Presentation in the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Except for the change in controls over the Company's adoption of LDTI, there have not been any changes in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal controls over financial reporting.

Internal controls over financial reporting change as the Company modifies or enhances its systems and processes to meet business needs. Any significant changes in controls are evaluated prior to implementation to help ensure continued effectiveness of internal controls and the control environment.

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PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 11(A) "Legal Proceedings" of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The risk factors disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 included a discussion of the potential ramifications of natural or man-made disasters and catastrophes including pandemic disease. There have been no substantial changes relative to the risk factors disclosed in the Company's Annual Report.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The Company maintains a limited stock buy-back program associated with its Incentive Plan which provides Option Holders the ability to elect to sell acquired shares back to the Company at any time within ninety (90) days after the exercise of options at the prevailing market price as of the date of notice of election. Purchased shares, if any, are reported in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as authorized and unissued. As of June 30, 2023, there are no stock options outstanding under the Incentive Plan. More broadly, there are no immediate plans to repurchase any of its shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock.

Period

Total Number of Shares Purchased

Average Price Paid Per Share

Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs

Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs

April 1, 2023 through April 30, 2023

—

$

—

N/A

N/A

May 1, 2023 through May 31, 2023

—

$

—

N/A

N/A

June 1, 2023 through June 30, 2023

—

$

—

N/A

N/A

Total

—

$

—

N/A

N/A

ITEM 4.  Removed and Reserved.

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits

Exhibit 31(a)			-			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 31(b)			-			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Exhibit 32(a)			-			Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

NATIONAL WESTERN LIFE GROUP, INC.

(Registrant)

Date:

August 9, 2023

/S/ Ross R. Moody

Ross R. Moody

Chairman of the Board, President and

Chief Executive Officer

(Authorized Officer)

Date:

August 9, 2023

/S/ Brian M. Pribyl

Brian M. Pribyl

Senior Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Principal Financial Officer)

(Principal Accounting Officer)

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