NEPHROS INC - Quarter Report: 2023 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 001-32288

NEPHROS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(201) 343-5202

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ YES ☐ NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ YES ☒ NO

As of May 3, 2023, 10,484,932 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

NEPHROS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Operations

Nephros, Inc. (“Nephros” or the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on April 3, 1997. The Company was founded by health professionals, scientists and engineers affiliated with Columbia University to develop advanced end stage renal disease (“ESRD”) therapy technology and products.

Beginning in 2009, Nephros introduced high performance liquid purification filters to meet the demand for water purification in certain medical markets. The Company’s filters, generally classified as ultrafilters, are primarily used in hospitals for the prevention of infection from waterborne pathogens, such as legionella and pseudomonas, and in dialysis centers for the removal of biological contaminants from water and bicarbonate concentrate. The Company also develops and sells water filtration products for commercial applications, focusing on the hospitality and food service markets. The water filtration business is a reportable segment, referred to as the Water Filtration segment.

On October 4, 2022, the Company entered into a definitive asset purchase agreement with a third party for the sale of substantially all of the Company’s Pathogen Detection Systems (“PDS”) business, which had been previously reported as a separate reportable operating segment. As a result of the sale of the PDS business, we completely exited the PDS business. As a result, we determined that our PDS business had met the criteria for discontinued operations as of September 30, 2022. We no longer separately report the PDS business as a separate reportable segment in our financial statements including in this Quarterly Report for any of the periods presented.

In July 2018, the Company formed a subsidiary, Specialty Renal Products, Inc. (“SRP”), to drive the development of its second-generation hemodiafiltration system and other products focused on improving therapies for patients with renal disease. After SRP’s formation, the Company assigned to SRP all of the Company’s rights to three patents relating to the Company’s hemodiafiltration technology, which were carried at zero book value. On March 9, 2023, the SRP Stockholders approved a plan of dissolution to wind down SRP’s operations, liquidate SRP’s remaining assets and dissolve SRP, and SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware on April 13, 2023. As a result of the SRP Stockholders’ approval of the plan of dissolution and provisions therein, there were no assets remaining to be paid to the Series A Preferred Stockholders. As such, the value of the Series A Preferred Stock was written to zero and the impact recorded to the Company's additional paid in capital as the Company retained control of SRP.

The Company’s primary U.S. facilities are located at 380 Lackawanna Place, South Orange, New Jersey 07079 and 3221 Polaris Avenue, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102. These locations house the Company’s corporate headquarters, research, manufacturing, and distribution facilities. In addition, the Company maintains small administrative offices in various locations in the United States.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 was derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. Results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

The consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in only one business segment from which the Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the financial performance of the Company.

Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Nephros, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary Nephros International, which was dissolved during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, and SRP, for which a plan of dissolution was approved by its stockholders on March 9, 2023. All intercompany accounts and transactions were eliminated in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses, during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Included in these estimates are assumptions about the collection of accounts receivable, value of inventories, useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets, the assessment of expected cash flows used in evaluating goodwill and other long-lived assets, and assumptions used in determining stock compensation such as expected volatility and risk-free interest rate.

Liquidity

In February 2022, pursuant to a First Amendment to Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Amendment”) among SRP and the holders of SRP’s outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, SRP issued and sold an additional 100,003 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock at a price of $5.00 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds of $500,015. See “Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity – Noncontrolling Interest,” below. In addition to the funds provided by the sale of these additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the Company and SRP continue to maintain a loan agreement under which the Company agreed to lend up to $1.3 million to SRP, including the $1.0 million borrowed during the year ended December 31, 2020. These loaned funds were used to fund SRP’s operating activities through the FDA 510(k) clearance process of SRP’s second-generation hemodiafiltration system, which was initially submitted to the FDA on February 24, 2021 and which received 510(k) clearance on May 13, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding balance of this loan, including accrued interest, was approximately $1.5 million. It is not expected that this $1.5 million will be repaid, given SRP’s March 2023 plan to dissolve and wind down its business. In lieu of repayment of the loan, the Company expects to take assignment of all of SRP’s remaining assets following the satisfaction of SRP’s other indebtedness.

The Company has sustained operating losses and expects such losses to continue over the next several quarters. In addition, net cash from operations has been mostly negative since inception, generating an accumulated deficit of $143.1 million as of March 31, 2023. These operating losses and negative cash flows raise substantial doubt of the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. However, during the second half of 2022, the Company took certain actions to mitigate these conditions, including headcount and other expense reductions, the sale of PDS assets and discontinuance of PDS operations, the wind down of SRP, customer price increases, and the recruiting and acquisition of additional sales staff to grow revenues. The Company believes these actions, when fully implemented, will alleviate the substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, based on these actions, as well as the cash that is available for the Company’s operations and projections of future Company operations, the Company believes that its cash balances will be sufficient to fund its current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In the event that operations do not meet expectations, the Company may need to further reduce discretionary expenditures such as headcount, R&D projects, and other variable costs, to alleviate any remaining substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers,” which requires that an entity recognize contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 and should be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2023 and the guidance did not have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company deposits its cash in financial institutions. At times, such deposits may be in excess of insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any impairment losses on its cash. The Company also limits its credit risk with respect to accounts receivable by performing credit evaluations when deemed necessary.

Major Customers

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s revenues, respectively:

Schedule of Revenues and Accounts Receivable Percentage of Major Customers

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the following customers accounted for the following percentages of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively:

Accounts Receivable

The Company recognizes an allowance that reflects a current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of a financial asset, including trade receivables. The Company continuously monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains a provision for estimated credit losses. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering a number of factors, including the length of time balances are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligations to the Company and the expected condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they are determined to be uncollectible. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts as of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Depreciation Expense

Depreciation related to equipment utilized in the manufacturing process is recognized in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022, depreciation expense was approximately $1,000 and $4,000, respectively.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue related to product sales when product is shipped via external logistics providers and the other criteria of ASC 606 are met. Product revenue is recorded net of returns and allowances. There was no allowance for sales returns for the three months ended March 31, 2023, or 2022. In addition to product revenue, the Company recognizes revenue related to royalty and other agreements in accordance with the five-step model in ASC 606. Other revenues recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and 2022 was approximately $35,000 and $8,000, respectively.

Other Revenue – Other revenues are derived from sales of services to customers, which primarily include installation, training and testing on products and equipment sold to certain customers.

Note 4 – Discontinued Operations

In accordance with ASC 205-20, Presentation of Financial Statements: Discontinued Operations, a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity (disposal group) is required to be reported as discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale. The consolidated statements of operations reported for current and prior periods report the results of operations of the discontinued operations, including the impairment loss recognized as a component of net income (loss) separate from the net income (loss) from continuing operations.

All discontinued operations relate to the Company’s previously reported PDS segment, for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities of Discontinued Operations

Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures certain financial instruments and other items at fair value.

To determine the fair value, the Company uses the fair value hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use to value an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs based on assumptions about the factors market participants would use to value an asset or liability.

To measure fair value, the Company uses the following fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques and also includes instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification for each reporting period.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s cash equivalents consisted of money market funds. The Company values its cash equivalents using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for securities with identical characteristics and classify the valuation techniques that use these inputs as Level 1.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value measurements of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis were as follows:

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The carrying amounts of the secured long-term note payable, lease liabilities and equipment financing approximate fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 because those financial instruments bear interest at rates that approximate current market rates for similar agreements with similar maturities and credit.

Note 6 – Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out method and consists of raw materials and finished goods. The Company’s inventory components as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, were as follows:

Schedule of Inventory, Net 

Note 7 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are set forth in the table below. Gross carrying values and accumulated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets by type are as follows:

Schedule of Intangible Assets

The Company recognized amortization expense of approximately $11,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. All were recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of March 31, 2023, future amortization expense for each of the next five years is (in thousands):

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

Goodwill

Goodwill has a carrying value on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets of $0.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Note 8 – License and Supply Agreement, net

On April 23, 2012, the Company entered into a License and Supply Agreement (as thereafter amended, the “License and Supply Agreement”) with Medica S.p.A. (“Medica”), an Italy-based medical product manufacturing company, for the marketing and sale of certain filtration products based upon Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology in conjunction with the Company’s filtration products, and for an exclusive supply arrangement for the filtration products. Under the License and Supply Agreement, Medica granted to the Company an exclusive license, with right of sublicense, to market, promote, distribute, offer for sale and sell the filtration products worldwide, with certain limitations on territory, during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. In addition, the Company granted to Medica an exclusive license under the Company’s intellectual property to make the filtration products during the term of the License and Supply Agreement. The filtration products covered under the License and Supply Agreement includes both certain products based on Medica’s proprietary Versatile microfiber technology and certain filtration products based on Medica’s proprietary Medisulfone ultrafiltration technology. The term of the License Agreement with Medica expires on December 31, 2025, unless earlier terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the License and Supply Agreement.

In exchange for the license, the gross value of the intangible asset capitalized was $2.3 million. License and supply agreement, net, on the consolidated balance sheet is $0.4 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accumulated amortization is $1.9 million and $1.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The intangible asset is being amortized as an expense over the life of the License and Supply Agreement. Amortization expense of approximately $33,000 was recognized in each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of September 2013, the Company has an understanding with Medica whereby the Company has agreed to pay interest to Medica at a 12% annual rate calculated on the principal amount of any outstanding invoices that are not paid pursuant to the original payment terms. There was no interest recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or March 31, 2022.

In addition, for the period beginning April 23, 2014 through December 31, 2025, the Company will pay Medica a royalty rate of 3% of net sales of the filtration products sold, subject to reduction as a result of a supply interruption pursuant to the terms of the License and Supply Agreement. Approximately $96,000 and $59,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was recognized as royalty expense and is included in cost of goods sold on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Approximately $96,000 and $71,000 of this royalty expense was included in accounts payable as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 9 – Secured Note Payable

On March 27, 2018, the Company entered into a Secured Promissory Note Agreement (the “Secured Note”) with Tech Capital for a principal amount of $1.2 million. As of March 31, 2023, the principal balance of the Secured Note was paid off.

The Secured Note has a maturity date of April 1, 2023. The unpaid principal balance accrued interest at a rate of 8% per annum. Principal and interest payments were due on the first day of each month commencing on May 1, 2018. The Secured Note was subject to terms and conditions of and was secured by security interests granted by the Company in favor of Tech Capital under the Loan and Security Agreement entered into on August 17, 2017 and subsequently amended on December 20, 2019 (the “Loan Agreement”). An event of default under such Loan Agreement was an event of default under the Secured Note and vice versa.

During each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company made payments under the Secured Note of approximately $71,000. Included in the total payments made, approximately $1,000 and $6,000, respectively, was recognized as interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively.

Note 10 – Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices, an automobile and office equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 5 years.

Lease cost, as presented below, includes costs associated with leases for which right-of-use (“ROU”) assets have been recognized as well as short-term leases.

The components of total lease costs were as follows:

Schedule of Components of Lease Cost

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases

As of March 31, 2023, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities

Note 11 – Stock Plans and Share-Based Payments

The fair value of stock options and restricted stock is recognized as stock-based compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company calculates stock-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718. The fair value of stock-based awards is amortized over the vesting period of the award.

Stock Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company granted stock options to purchase 89,900 shares of common stock to employees. These stock options are being expensed over the respective vesting period, which is based on a service condition. The fair value of the stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $67,000.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The below assumptions for the risk-free interest rates, expected dividend yield, expected lives and expected stock price volatility were utilized for the stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $179,000 and $236,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, approximately $159,000 and $20,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, approximately $223,000 and $13,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

There was no tax benefit related to expense recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as the Company is in a net operating loss position. As of March 31, 2023, there was $780,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of 1.1 years.

Restricted Stock

Total stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations was approximately $13,000 and $41,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, approximately $13,000 and $41,000 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, 23,781 shares of restricted stock were issued to employees, 133,722 shares of restricted stock were issued to board members all related to services rendered during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, 30,000 shares of restricted stock were issued to contractors during the period ended March 31, 2023. All restricted shares issued during the three months ended March 31, 2023, have a vesting period of six months. There was no restricted stock issued in the period ended March 31, 2022.

As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $36,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted under the equity compensation plans, which will be amortized over the weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 0.4 years.

The aggregate shares of common stock legally issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 is greater than the aggregate shares of common stock outstanding for accounting purposes by the amount of unvested restricted shares.

SRP Equity Incentive Plan

SRP’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan was approved on May 7, 2019 under which 150,000 shares of SRP’s common stock are reserved for the issuance of options and other awards. This plan is no longer operational, due to the March 9, 2023 wind down of SRP operations.

Due to the Company’s acquisition of the non-controlling interest in SRP during the three months ended March 31, 2023, all remaining equity-based awards have been forfeited and no further expense will be incurred related to these awards. There were no SRP stock options or other equity awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, a credit of approximately ($27,000) was recognized for expense related to the SRP equity based awards. There was no stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the SRP equity based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Stock-based compensation expense related to the SRP equity based awards is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Stock-based compensation expense related to the SRP stock options is presented by the Company as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022.

Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity

Noncontrolling Interest

Pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated September 9, 2018, among SRP and the purchasers identified therein (the “SRP Purchase Agreement”), SRP sold to such purchasers an aggregate of 600,000 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred”) at a price of $5.00 per share resulting in total gross proceeds of $3.0 million. On February 1, 2022, SRP and such purchasers amended the SRP Purchase Agreement to allow for the sale of an additional 100,003 shares of Series A Preferred, all of which were sold on February 4, 2022, for aggregate gross proceeds of $500,015 and otherwise on the same terms and conditions as set forth in the SRP Purchase Agreement. Approximately $188,000 of the proceeds from the February 2022 sale were recorded as an increase to the equity of the non-controlling interests. The Company purchased 62,500 shares of SRP’s Series A Preferred at such closing and, as a result, maintained its 62.5% stock ownership position in SRP. The other purchasers at the February 2022 closing included the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who purchased 313 shares, and Lambda Investors LLC (“Lambda”), an affiliate of Wexford Capital, which together with its affiliates owns approximately 36% of the Company’s common stock, which purchased 25,938 shares of the Series A Preferred in February 2022. Such purchases were made on the same terms as all other purchasers. In addition to the funds provided by the SRP Purchase Agreement, the Company loaned to SRP to the principal amount of $1.3 million, $1.0 million of which was advanced during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding balance, including accrued interest, was $1.5 million.

As of December 31, 2022, the non-controlling interest in SRP held by holders of the Series A Preferred has been classified as equity on the accompanying consolidated interim balance sheet, as the non-controlling interest is redeemable only upon the occurrence of events that are within the control of the Company. As a result of the SRP Stockholders’ approval of the plan of dissolution and provisions therein, the redemption feature related to the Series A Preferred Stock expired. As such, the value of the Series A Preferred Stock previously presented in non-controlling interest was reclassified to additional paid in capital as the Company retained control of SRP.

In March 2023, the board of directors of SRP adopted, and the stockholders of SRP approved, a plan to wind down SRP’s operations and dissolve, and in April 2023, SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware. In accordance with its plan of dissolution, after SRP has satisfied its other outstanding liabilities, the Company expects that SRP will assign to the Company all of its remaining assets, including its intellectual property rights, in partial satisfaction of outstanding indebtedness owed to the Company in the approximate amount of $1.5 million. The Company does not expect that there will be any proceeds from SRP’s liquidation available for distribution to any of SRP’s stockholders, including the Company, in respect of their shares of SRP capital stock, including the Series A Preferred. As a result of the dissolution described above, it was determined approximately $24,000 of inventory likely had no value, and was written off in the period ended March 31, 2023.

Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were exercised and no warrants were outstanding.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 60,374 shares of the Company’s common stock were exercised, resulting in proceeds of $0.2 million and the issuance of 60,374 shares of the Company’s common stock. Of the warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 14,815 shares of the Company’s common stock were exercised by members of management, resulting in proceeds of approximately $40,000.

Note 13 – Net Loss per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the number of weighted average common shares issued and outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding for the period, plus amounts representing the dilutive effect from the exercise of stock options and warrants and unvested restricted stock, as applicable. The Company calculates dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method, which assumes the Company will use the proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants to repurchase shares of common stock to hold in its treasury stock reserves.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as they would be antidilutive:

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitments

In exchange for the rights granted under the License and Supply Agreement with Medica (see Note 8 – License and Supply Agreement, net), the Company agreed to make certain minimum annual aggregate purchases from Medica over the term of the License and Supply Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company has agreed to make minimum annual aggregate purchases from Medica of €3.8 million (approximately $4.1 million). As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s aggregate purchase commitments totaled €2 million (approximately $2.2 million).

Contractual Obligations

See Note 10 – Leases for a discussion of the Company’s contractual obligations.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion includes forward-looking statements about our business, financial condition and results of operations including discussions about management’s expectations for our business. These statements represent projections, beliefs and expectations based on current circumstances and conditions and in light of recent events and trends, and these statements should not be construed either as assurances of performances or as promises of a given course of action. Instead, various known and unknown factors are likely to cause our actual performance and management’s actions to vary, and the results of these variances may be both material and adverse.

Business Overview

We are a commercial-stage company that develops and sells high performance water solutions to the medical and commercial markets.

Our medical water filters, mostly classified as ultrafilters, are used primarily by hospitals for the prevention of infection from waterborne pathogens, such as legionella and pseudomonas, and in dialysis centers for the removal of biological contaminants from water and bicarbonate concentrate. Because our ultrafilters capture contaminants as small as 0.005 microns in size, they minimize exposure to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and endotoxins.

Our commercial water filters improve the taste and odor of water and reduce biofilm, cysts, particulates, and scale build-up in downstream equipment. Our products are marketed primarily to the food service, hospitality, convenience store, and health care markets, and also sold into medical institutions to supplement.

We also own a majority stake in Specialty Renal Products, Inc. (“SRP”), a development-stage medical device company that is focused primarily on developing hemodiafiltration (“HDF”) technology. On May 13, 2022, the FDA gave 510(k) clearance to SRP’s second-generation model of the OLpūrH2H Hemodiafiltration System, which enables nephrologists to provide HDF treatment to patients with end stage renal disease. In January 2023, SRP management began exploring strategic partnerships to support a commercial launch of the HDF product but was unsuccessful in identifying a partner. By late February 2023, SRP had nearly exhausted its capital resources. Due to its limited capital and lack of prospects for securing a strategic partnership or additional financing, the board of directors of SRP adopted a plan on March 6, 2023 to wind down SRP operations, liquidate its remaining assets and dissolve the company. That plan was approved by SRP’s stockholders on March 9, 2023, and on April 11, 2023, SRP filed a certificate of dissolution with the State of Delaware. We anticipate that SRP’s cash resources will be sufficient to satisfy all of its outstanding liabilities other than its obligations to us under a loan with an outstanding balance of approximately $1.5 million. Accordingly, we expect that SRP will assign all of its remaining assets, including its intellectual property rights in the HDF2 device, to us in partial satisfaction of its outstanding loan balance. Although we have no current plans to do so, we may re-evaluate opportunities for HDF in the future.

Our Products

Water Filtration Products

We develop and sell water filtration products used in both medical and commercial applications. Our water filtration products employ multiple filtration technologies, as described below.

In medical markets, our primary filtration mechanism is to pass liquids through the pores of polysulfone hollow fiber. Our filters’ pores are significantly smaller than those of competing products, resulting in highly effective elimination of waterborne pathogens, including legionella bacteria (the cause of Legionnaires disease) and viruses, which are not eliminated by most other microbiological filters on the market. Additionally, the fiber structure and pore density in our hollow fiber enables significantly higher flow rates than in other polysulfone hollow fiber.

Our primary sales strategy in medical markets is to sell through value-added resellers (“VARs”). Leveraging VARs has enabled us to expand rapidly our access to target customers with limited sales staff expansion. In addition, while we are currently focused on medical markets, the VARs that support these customers also support a wide variety of commercial and industrial customers. We believe that our VAR relationships have and will continue to facilitate growth in filter sales outside of the medical industry.

In commercial markets, we develop and sell our filters, for which carbon-based absorption is the primary filtration mechanism. These products allow us to improve water’s odor and taste, to reduce scale and heavy metals, and to reduce other water contaminants for customers who are primarily in the food service, convenience store, and hospitality industries. These commercial products are also sold into medical markets, as supplemental filtration to our medical filters.

In commercial markets, our model combines both direct and indirect sales. Our sales staff have sold products directly to a number of convenience stores, hotels, casinos, and restaurants. We are also pursuing large corporate contracts through partnerships.

Target Markets

Our ultrafiltration products currently target the following markets:

Hospitals and Other Healthcare Facilities. Nephros filters are a leading tool used to provide proactive protection to patients in high-risk areas (e.g., ice machines, surgical rooms, NICUs) and reactive protection to patients in broader areas during periods of water pathogen outbreaks. Our products are used in hundreds of medical facilities to aid in infection control, both proactively and reactively.

As of 2022, according to the American Hospital Association, there are approximately 6,100 hospitals in the U.S., with approximately 921,000 beds. Over 33 million patients were admitted to these hospitals. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) estimates that healthcare associated infections (“HAI”) occur in approximately 1 out of every 31 hospital patients, which calculates to over one million patients in 2022. HAIs affect patients in hospitals or other healthcare facilities and are not present or incubating at the time of admission. They also include infections acquired by patients in the hospital or facility, but appearing after discharge, and occupational infections among staff. Many HAIs are caused by waterborne bacteria and viruses that can thrive in aging or complex plumbing systems often found in healthcare facilities.

In January 2022, the Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) expanded its requirements – originally implemented in 2017 – for facilities to develop policies and procedures that inhibit the growth and spread of legionella and other opportunistic pathogens in building water systems. In this 2022 update, CMS requires teams to be assigned to the development of formal water management plans (“WMPs”), as well as detailed documentation regarding the development of the WMPs and their execution. CMS surveyors regularly review policies, procedures, and reports documenting water management implementation results to verify that facilities are compliant with these requirements. We believe that these CMS regulations may have a positive impact on the sale of our HAI-inhibiting ultrafilters.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the hospital setting to aid in infection control:

Our complete hospital infection control product line, including in-line, and point-of-use can be viewed on our website at https://www.nephros.com/infection-control/. We are not including the information on our website as a part of, nor incorporating it by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Dialysis Centers - Water/Bicarbonate. In the dialysis water market, Nephros ultrafiltration products are among the highest performing products on the market. The DSU-D, SSU-D and the SSUmini have become the standard endotoxin filter in many portable reverse osmosis systems. The EndoPur^®, our large-format ultrafilter targeted at dialysis clinic water systems, provides the smallest pore size available.

To perform hemodialysis, all dialysis clinics have dedicated water purification systems to produce water and bicarbonate concentrate, two essential ingredients for making dialysate, the liquid that removes waste material from the blood. According to the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, there are approximately 6,500 dialysis clinics in the United States servicing approximately 468,000 patients annually. We estimate that there are over 100,000 hemodialysis machines in operation in the United States.

Medicare is the main payer for dialysis treatment in the United States. To be eligible for Medicare reimbursement, dialysis centers must meet the minimum standards for water and bicarbonate concentrate quality set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (“AAMI”), the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) and the International Standards Organization (“ISO”). We anticipate that the stricter standards approved by these organizations in 2009 will be adopted by Medicare in the future.

We currently have FDA 510(k) clearance on the following portfolio of medical device products for use in the dialysis setting to aid in bacteria, virus, and endotoxin retention:

Commercial and Industrial Facilities. Our commercial NanoGuard^® product line accomplishes ultrafiltration via small pore size (0.005 micron) technology, filtering bacteria and viruses from water. In addition, our commercial filtration offerings include technologies that are primarily focused on improving odor and taste and on reducing scale from filtered water. Our commercial market focus includes the hospitality and food and beverage markets, in which we partner with Donastar Enterprises LLC as our master distributor. We also sell commercial filters into medical and non-medical facilities through our other distribution partners.

Over time, we believe that the same water safety management programs currently underway at medical facilities may migrate to commercial markets. As the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens expands, links to contamination sources will become more efficient and the data more readily available. In cases where those sources are linked to restaurants, hotels, office buildings and residential complexes, the corporate owners of those facilities will likely face increasing liability exposure. We expect that building owners will come to understand ASHRAE-188, which outlines risk factors for buildings and their occupants, and provides water safety management guidelines. We believe, in time, most commercial buildings will need to follow the basic requirements of ASHRAE-188: create a water management plan, perform routine testing, and establish a plan to treat the building in the event of a positive test.

As demand for water testing and microbiological filtration grows, we will be ready to deploy our expertise and solutions based on years of experience servicing the medical market. We believe that we have an opportunity to offer unique expertise and products to the commercial market, and that our future revenue from the commercial market could even surpass our infection control revenue.

We currently market the following portfolio of proprietary products for use in the commercial, industrial, and food service settings:

Nephros commercial products combine effectively with NanoGuard ultrafiltration technologies to offer full-featured solutions to the commercial water market, including to existing users of Everpure filter manifolds.

Pathogen Detection Systems

In 2019, we expanded our portfolio of water solutions with the introduction of pathogen detection system (“PDS”) products and services, including our PluraPath pathogen detection system, which we developed to provide real-time data regarding the existence of a broad array of waterborne pathogens to the infection control teams responsible executing a building or other facility’s water management plans. In the third quarter of 2021, we acquired the business of GenArraytion, Inc. (“GenArraytion” ), including GenArraytion’s many proprietary assays, multiplexing technology, and selection methods for detecting waterborne pathogens and other microorganisms using Polymerase Chain Reaction technology. GenArraytion’s assets was integrated into our PDS segment. In November 2022, we sold substantially all of our assets used in our PDS business to BWSI, LLC pursuant to the terms of an Agreement for Purchase and Sale of Assets with BWSI (the “PDS Purchase Agreement”). Under the terms of the PDS Purchase Agreement, BWSI made a nominal cash payment at the closing of the transaction and assumed certain continuing liabilities of the PDS business. Additionally, for a period of seven years commencing January 1, 2023, and ending December 31, 2029, BWSI will pay us an annual royalty equal to a specified percentage of gross margin received by BWSI from each of the sale and licensing of products developed by the PDS Business.

Hemodiafiltration (HDF) Systems and Specialty Renal Products, Inc.

The current standard of care in the United States for patients with chronic renal failure is hemodialysis (“HD”), a process in which toxins are cleared via diffusion. Patients typically receive HD treatments at least 3 times weekly for 3-4 hours per treatment. HD is most effective in removing smaller, easily diffusible toxins. For patients with acute renal failure, the current standard of care in the United States is hemofiltration (“HF”), a process where toxins are cleared via convection. HF offers a much better removal of larger sized toxins when compared to HD; however, HF treatment is more challenging for patients, as it is performed daily, and typically takes 12-24 hours per treatment.

Our company was originally founded to develop and commercialize a hemodiafiltration (“HDF”) medical device. HDF is an alternative dialysis modality that combines the benefits of HD and HF into a single therapy by clearing toxins using both diffusion and convection. Though not widely used in the United States, HDF is prevalent in Europe and is performed for a growing number of patients. Clinical experience and literature demonstrate that HDF’s benefits, among other factors, include enhanced clearance of middle and large molecular weight toxins, improved patient survival, reduced incidence of dialysis-related amyloidosis, improved patient quality of life and reduced hospitalizations and overall length of stays.

Our original HDF device (“HDF1”) was cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure in 2012, but did not gain market acceptance due to, among other reasons, the feeling that it was too difficult to use. Accordingly, since 2018, we have undertaken to redesign and dramatically simplify our HDF device. We believe our updates have made the system significantly easier to use.

In 2018, we spun-off the development of the second-generation HDF device (“HDF2”) into SRP, a newly-formed subsidiary, and shortly thereafter SRP raised $3 million of outside equity capital directly to fund the second-generation development described above. After such financing, our ownership stake was reduced to 62.5%. In February 2022, SRP raised an additional $0.5 million of equity capital, including an investment by the Company of $0.3 million, which was sufficient to maintain our 62.5% ownership stake in SRP. In addition to the equity capital raised by SRP, in December 2020, we entered into a loan agreement with SRP under which we loaned $1.3 million to SRP. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of this loan, including accrued interest, was approximately $1.4 million.

In May 2022, the FDA cleared HDF2 for patient use, which enables nephrologists to provide HDF treatment to patients with end stage renal disease. To date, our and SRP’s HDF1 and HDF2 systems are the only HDF systems cleared by the FDA. Following FDA clearance of HDF2, SRP’s management began exploring strategic partnerships and/or potential additional sources of financing to support a commercial launch of the HDF2 device but has been unsuccessful in identifying any interested strategic partner or investor. By late February 2023, SRP had nearly exhausted its capital resources.

In March 2023, SRP’s board of directors and stockholders determined to wind down SRP operations and liquidate its remaining assets, due to capital constraints. We believe SRP’s remaining cash resources are sufficient to satisfy all of its outstanding liabilities other than its outstanding loan to us. Accordingly, we expect that SRP will assign all of its remaining assets, including its intellectual property rights in the HDF2 device, to us in partial satisfaction of its outstanding loan balance of approximately $1.5 million. Although we have no current plans to do so, we may re-evaluate opportunities for the HDF2 device in the future

Critical Accounting Policies

For the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies as identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We are subject to recently issued accounting standards, accounting guidance and disclosure requirements. For a description of these new accounting standards, see Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Liquidity,” of the Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Results of Operations

Fluctuations in Operating Results

Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past, including recently, and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our annual results of operations will be impacted for the foreseeable future by several factors, including revenue growth rates, expense management, and maintaining positive operating cash flow. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a good indication of our future performance.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

The following table sets forth our summarized, consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

The increase in net revenues of $1.5 million, or 71%, was driven by two factors. First, we invested in our sales organization, increasing medical sales headcount significantly and partnering with a master distributor for much of our commercial business. These investments generated approximately 40% growth in our core, programmatic business. Second, we received an unusually large emergency response order, which generated approximately $600,000 of additional, unexpected revenue.

Gross Profit Margin

Consolidated gross profit margin was approximately 57% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to approximately 49% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase of approximately 8%, reflecting a return to target gross margins of 55-60%, was driven by price increases implemented in the second and third quarters of 2022, reductions in shipping expenses, and improved inventory management.

Research and Development Expenses

Consolidated research and development expenses decreased approximately $133,000 due to the wind down of SRP and slightly decreased investment in water filter research and development.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expenses were approximately $54,000 and $51,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $53,000, or 2%, primarily due to broad-based expense management efforts.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was approximately $1,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. It is comprised primarily of interest on our secured note payable. Interest expense was approximately $7,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, comprised primarily of interest on our secured note payable.

Interest Income

Interest income was approximately $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to approximately $2,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other expense was approximately $11,000 and $9,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 primarily as a result of losses on foreign currency transactions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our liquidity and capital resources as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and is intended to supplement the more detailed discussion that follows. The amounts stated are expressed in thousands.

As of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $143.1 million and we expect to incur additional operating losses from operations until such time, if ever, that we are able to increase product sales and/or licensing revenue to achieve profitability.

Based on cash that is available for our operations and projections of our future operations, as well as our significantly reduced cash burn rates over the past nine months, we believe that our cash balances will be sufficient to fund our current operating plan through at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, our operating plans are designed to help control operating costs, to increase revenue, and to raise additional capital until such time as we generate sufficient cash flows to fund operations. If there were a decrease in the demand for our products due to either economic or competitive conditions, or if we are otherwise unable to achieve our plan or achieve our anticipated operating results, there could be a significant reduction in liquidity due to our possible inability to cut costs sufficiently. In such event, the Company may need to take further actions to reduce its discretionary expenditures, including further reducing headcount, reducing spending on R&D projects, and reducing other variable costs.

Our future liquidity sources and requirements will depend on many other factors, including:

We expect to put our current capital resources toward the development, marketing, and sales of our water filtration products and working capital purposes.

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net cash used in operating activities of approximately $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $2.1 million due primarily to a decrease of $1.7 million in net loss as a result of increased revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2022, increased gross margins, and decreased research and development costs. In addition, a reduction in inventory provided approximately $0.8 million in cash, which was partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable used approximately $0.7 million in cash, both as a result of the large increase in sales for the period.

The company had no investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $34,000, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash used in financing activities was approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to principal payments on debt. Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to proceeds from the sale of subsidiary preferred shares to a noncontrolling interest of $0.2 million and proceeds from the exercise of warrants of $0.2 million partially offset by payments of $0.1 million on our secured note.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2023.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements”. Such statements include statements regarding the efficacy and intended use of our technologies under development, the timelines and strategy for bringing such products to market, the timeline for regulatory review and approval of our products, the availability of funding sources for continued development of such products, and other statements that are not historical facts, including statements which may be preceded by the words “intends,” “may,” “will,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “aims,” “believes,” “hopes,” “potential” or similar words. Forward-looking statements are not guaranties of future performance, are based on certain assumptions and are subject to various known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Actual results may differ materially from the expectations contained in the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the risks that:

More detailed information about us and the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements, including the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is set forth in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and our other reports filed with the SEC. We urge investors and security holders to read those documents free of charge at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a system of disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which is designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely manner. Management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Because there are inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud have been or will be detected.

At the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item. However, in addition to other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the important information in the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial might materially adversely affect our actual business, financial condition and/or operating results

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX