NeuBase Therapeutics, Inc. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to

Commission File No: 333-88480

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

800 Third Ave, 11th Floor

New York, NY 10022

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

212-682-8452

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share 

Name of each exchange on which registered: NASDAQ Capital Market
Securities registered under to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐  No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

(Check One): Large accelerated filer  ☐ Accelerated filer  ☐  Non-accelerated ☐  Smaller reporting company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates at March 31, 2017, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $25,253,227 (based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on such date). Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of the registrant have been excluded in that such person might be deemed to be an affiliate. This determination of affiliate status might not be conclusive for other purposes.

At December 13, 2017, the registrant had 56,196,428 shares of common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I

Our discussion and analysis of the business and subsequent discussion of financial conditions may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements that are not historical in nature, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “intends” and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and competitive information and are subject to various risks and uncertainties as described in greater detail in our “Risk Factors” on page 8 of this Annual Report. You are cautioned that these forward-looking statements reflect management’s estimates only as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update these statements, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future, except as required by law. Actual future results, events and trends may differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such statements depending on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Specifically, and not in limitation of these factors, we may alter our plans, strategies, objectives or business.

ITEM 1

BUSINESS

GENERAL AND HISTORICAL

Company Overview

We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for ophthalmic diseases. Our lead clinical asset, topical Squalamine (also known as squalamine lactate ophthalmic solution, 0.2%, or OHR-102), is a novel therapeutic product which could provide a non-invasive therapy to improve vision outcomes beyond that achieved with current standard of care. We are evaluating Squalamine in combination with Lucentis® injections for the treatment of wet-AMD. This is based on the data from a Phase 2 clinical trial in wet-AMD where a positive and clinically meaningful vision benefit was seen with Squalamine combination therapy in classic containing choroidal neovascularization (classic CNV) as well as those subjects with occult neovascularization (occult CNV) less than 10mm². We also have a sustained release platform technology which we acquired in May 2014.

Corporate and Historical Information

We are a Delaware corporation that was organized on August 4, 2009, as successor to BBM Holdings, Inc. (formerly Prime Resource, Inc., which was organized March 29, 2002 as a Utah corporation) pursuant to a reincorporation merger. On August 4, 2009, we reincorporated in Delaware as Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc.

On May 30, 2014, we completed the ophthalmology assets acquisition (the “SKS Acquisition”) of the privately held SKS Ocular LLC and its affiliate, SKS Ocular 1 LLC (“SKS”). Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, in exchange for substantially all the assets of SKS, Ohr made an upfront payment of $3.5 million in cash and issued 1,194,862 shares of Ohr common stock to SKS. In addition, SKS is eligible to receive up to an aggregate of 1,493,577 additional shares of Ohr common stock in three contingent milestone payments, each milestone resulting in the issuance of 497,859 shares of Ohr common stock. Milestone 1 required Ohr to demonstrate a consistent long-term release of a therapeutic agent above threshold therapeutic levels in the targeted ocular tissues of an animal model. Ohr met this milestone in December 2015. Milestone 2 required the completion of a pharmacodynamic study in an animal model showing clinically relevant efficacy from a drug substance released from SKS microparticles within 24 months of the date of the closing of the SKS Acquisition. Ohr achieved the study results in May 2016, and the Board reviewed and approved Milestone 2 in July 2016. Milestone 3 requires, among other things, the approval of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) within three years of the date of the closing of the SKS Acquisition. We did not achieve Milestone 3.

Simultaneous with the SKS Acquisition, Ohr completed a holding company reorganization in which Ohr merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary and a new parent corporation succeeded Ohr as a public holding company under the same name. The business operations of Ohr did not change as a result of the reorganization. The new holding company retained the name “Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc.” Outstanding shares of the capital stock of the former Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc. were automatically converted, on a share for share basis, into identical shares of common stock of the new holding company.

PRODUCT PIPELINE

(a)     SQUALAMINE LACTATE OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION 0.2%

Squalamine Lactate Ophthalmic Solution 0.2% (“Squalamine”, also known as OHR-102)

Squalamine lactate is a small molecule anti-angiogenic drug with a novel intracellular mechanism of action. The drug acts against the development of aberrant neovascularization by inhibiting multiple protein growth factors of angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor (“VEGF”), platelet-derived growth factor (“PDGF”) and basic fibroblast growth factor (“bFGF”). Scientific evidence has shown PDGF to be an additional target for the treatment of wet-AMD and bFGF levels have been shown to be elevated in retinal vein occlusion and wet-AMD patients.

Ohr formulated squalamine lactate as a topical solution for ophthalmic indications and optimized the formulation for enhanced uptake into the back of the eye, and to potentially provide increased comfort in an elderly patient population. The Company is advancing its clinical wet-AMD program with this topical formulation. Unlike other combination therapy approaches being evaluated in clinical studies, Squalamine does not require direct injection into the eye.

We believe that Squalamine used in combination with an anti-VEGF agent may provide several potential advantages over other combination therapy approaches currently being investigated in clinical studies including: 

The Company has conducted a preclinical program which consisted of pharmacology, pharmacokinetic, and toxicology studies which support the ongoing clinical development of Squalamine.

 Completed Phase 2 Trial in wet-AMD: the IMPACT Study (formerly OHR-002)

We commenced a clinical study, Study OHR-002 (or IMPACT Study), which began enrolling patients in late 2012. The IMPACT Study was a multi-center, randomized, double masked, placebo controlled Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Squalamine combination therapy for the treatment of wet-AMD. The study enrolled treatment naïve wet-AMD patients at more than 20 clinical sites in the U.S. who were randomly assigned to treatment with Squalamine lactate ophthalmic solution 0.2% (“Squalamine”), or placebo eye drops for a nine month period, along with Lucentis® injections, as necessary, following an initial baseline Lucentis® injection. Full enrollment was completed in April 2014. In March 2015, we completed the IMPACT Study and announced topline results. The final data from the IMPACT Study was presented at multiple scientific conferences and forums in 2015 and 2016. In a prespecified analysis, data from the IMPACT study demonstrated that, in the intent-to-treat (ITT-LOCF) population with lesions containing classic choroidal neovascularization (“classic CNV”) (Squalamine combination treatment n=38, Lucentis® monotherapy n=32), 42% of the patients receiving Squalamine achieved a ≥3 line gain at nine months, as compared to 28% in the Lucentis® monotherapy group. In patients with classic CNV (ITT-LOCF), mean gains in visual acuity were +10.5 letters for the Squalamine combination arm and +5.4 letters with Lucentis® monotherapy, a clinically meaningful benefit of +5.1 letters. The positive effect on visual acuity in classic CNV was seen early in the course of treatment and continued to increase through the end of the study. Less of a visual acuity benefit was seen in the overall population (all lesion types). The mean number of injections between the treatment arms, the primary endpoint of the study, was not meaningfully different.

Further analyses were conducted to determine the patient population most likely to benefit from combination treatment. Patients with lesions containing classic CNV are a heterogeneous population and, within the enrollment criteria of our study, could have encompassed small classic lesions with no occult component as well as lesions up to 12 disc areas (~30mm²) in size made up almost entirely of occult CNV. These diverse lesions would both fall under the same category of “classic containing lesion” even though they would be expected to respond differently to treatment. Correlation analyses determined that the occult CNV size at baseline, regardless of whether there was a classic CNV component present, directly correlated with improved visual acuity outcomes in the Squalamine combination group (p=<0.0001), which was not seen in the Lucentis® monotherapy group. This suggests that the occult CNV size was a more important predictor of success for combination therapy than the presence of classic CNV, and a cutoff less than 10mm² of occult size at baseline was determined to be the optimal size to include in future clinical studies. In those patients with occult CNV less than 10mm² in area (n=94 of 128 completing the phase 2 study), 40% of those treated with Squalamine combination therapy achieved a gain of 3 or more lines of vision, compared with 26% of patients in the Lucentis® monotherapy arm, a 54% additional benefit. In addition, mean gains in visual acuity compared to baseline were +11.0 letters for the Squalamine combination arm and +5.7 letters with Lucentis® monotherapy, a clinically meaningful benefit of +5.3 letters (exploratory p-value, p=.033). Subjects with occult CNV <10mm² achieved a final mean visual acuity outcome of 71.7 letters with Squalamine combination therapy compared to 67.4 letters with Lucentis® monotherapy. The final mean visual acuity outcomes in the combination therapy group translates to approximately 20/40 vision (snellen equivalent), an important level of visual function. Importantly, this group of patients represents a larger proportion of the subjects enrolled in the IMPACT study than the classic containing group.

Ongoing Squalamine Program in Wet-AMD (the MAKO Study)

The results of the Phase 2 clinical trial supported conducting additional clinical trials for Squalamine with enrollment criteria for a targeted population, based on the complete analysis of the Phase 2 clinical trial. We reached an agreement on a SPA with the FDA on the design of a Phase 3 program in March 2016, initiated a clinical trial and began enrolling this optimized patient population in April 2016. In February 2017, the Company announced the pause of new enrollment in its ongoing clinical trial evaluating Squalamine for the treatment of wet-AMD. At the time, more than 200 patients had been enrolled. The study remained double masked and no interim or futility analyses were conducted.

In April 2017, the Company amended the ongoing clinical trial from the original agreed upon design to enable efficacy analyses at an earlier date and with less patients than originally anticipated. The study remained a multi-center, randomized, double masked, placebo controlled clinical trial. Subjects enrolled in the study received their assigned study treatment of monthly Lucentis® and either Squalamine or placebo twice daily, and underwent scheduled visits and assessments through nine months. The Data Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) has confirmed that there were no safety concerns and recommended the enrolled patients continue to completion of the nine month study. The primary endpoint is an assessment of visual acuity at nine months. We expect to receive and report topline data from the study in early calendar 2018.

OHR–1501 Study

OHR-1501 was designed as an exploratory, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled study designed to assess safety and efficacy of treatment with squalamine lactate ophthalmic solution in combination with monthly anti-VEGF (both Lucentis® and Eylea®) injections in patients with wet-AMD. The study has not enrolled any subjects and we do not expect to enroll any subjects in the near term as resources have been reallocated.

Completed Trial in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (“PDR”) - Study 003

Study 003 was an open-label monotherapy investigator sponsored trial (“IST”) evaluating Squalamine in five patients with PDR. Patients enrolled in the study received Squalamine for a six month treatment period and were then followed for an additional two months. The endpoints included regression of neovascularization, anatomical measurements, visual acuity, and safety parameters. The principal investigator of Study 003 presented a case report from the first patient to complete the protocol in February 2014. In this case report, the oral presentation discussed the case of a treatment naïve patient diagnosed with PDR. The data demonstrated that topical application of Squalamine in a monotherapy regimen, twice daily and then four times daily, was associated with regression of retinal neovascularization within two months. The retinal neovascularization remained regressed throughout the six months of four times daily Squalamine therapy. One month after cessation of treatment, the abnormal blood vessels returned in this patient’s retina in the absence of Squalamine treatment, and continued to grow through the second month, the latest time point measured. Final data may be disseminated by the investigator, at his discretion, in a scientific publication.  

Completed Trial in Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion - Study 004

Study 004 was an IST evaluating squalamine lactate ophthalmic solution, 0.2%, in 20 patients with branch and central retinal vein occlusion. All patients in the study received Squalamine for 10 weeks, with injections of Lucentis® at weeks two and six, and a data readout at week 10. At week 10, the patients entered into the extension phase and were randomized 1:1 to either continue or discontinue taking Squalamine through week 38 (“extension phase”). During the extension phase, the patients received Lucentis® injections on a PRN basis as determined by fluid based OCT criteria. The principal investigator presented the 10 week data from the study in August 2014. The data demonstrated that, at week 10 (1) the mean gain in visual acuity was 20.3 letters for all 20 patients using the combination therapy, (2) the mean visual acuity for all 20 patients at was 20/32, (3) the average central foveal thickness for all 20 patients was reduced to 270u, and (4) only one of 20 patients qualified for an injection of Lucentis®, indicating dryness of the retina and a 95% macular deturgescence rate.

In July 2015, final data was presented demonstrating that at week 38, (1) the mean gain in visual acuity from baseline for patients randomized (at week 10) to treatment with Squalamine + Lucentis® PRN was +27.8 letters compared with +23.3 for patients randomized to treatment with Lucentis® plus PRN alone (control group), a clinically meaningful difference of +4.5 letters, (2) 80% of patients in the Squalamine + Lucentis® treated group had a gain in visual acuity, compared with 50% of patients treated with Lucentis® alone, and (3) none of the patients in the Squalamine + Lucentis® treated group lost any vision as compared to 50% of the patients receiving Lucentis® alone. After the initial combination therapy phase, the mean gain in visual acuity from week 10 to week 38 was +7.4 letters for patients who continued treatment with Squalamine + Lucentis® PRN compared with +3.1 letters in those receiving Lucentis® PRN alone. The Study was published by the investigator in the Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers, and Imaging Retina (OSLI) journal in October 2016.

(b)     SKS SUSTAINED RELEASE OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY

The SKS sustained release technology was designed to develop best-in-class drug formulations for ocular disease. The technology employs micro fabrication techniques to create nano, micro and macroparticle drug formulations that can provide sustained and predictable release of a therapeutic drug over a 3-6 month period. The versatility of this delivery technology makes it well suited to potentially deliver hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecules, as well as proteins with complex structures.

In February 2017, the Company suspended activities at its lab facility in San Diego, CA where research regarding the SKS sustained release technology had been conducted. However, the Company continues to explore applications of its sustained release technology and potential avenues to monetize it.

(c)     CEP PRODUCT AND ANIMAL MODEL FOR DRY-AMD

As part of the SKS Acquisition, we acquired the exclusive rights to an animal model for dry-AMD whereby mice are immunized with a carboxyethylpyrrole (“CEP”) which is bound to mouse serum albumin (“MSA”) as well as the rights to produce and use CEP for research and clinical applications. CEP is produced following the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid, which is abundant in the photoreceptor outer segments that are phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium (“RPE”). A number of CEP-adducted proteins have been identified in proteomic studies examining the composition of drusen and other subretinal deposits found in the eyes of patients with dry-AMD. Studies have shown that immunization of CEP-MSA can lead to an ophthalmic phenotype very similar to dry-AMD, including deposition of complement in the RPE, thickening of the Bruch’s membrane, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell influx into the eye. Upon immunization with CEP, a marked decrease in contrast sensitivity which precedes a loss of visual acuity, was observed, similar to what occurs in many patients with dry AMD. A collaborator of the Company is currently conducting research on the CEP target to understand its role in undisclosed ocular diseases and potential for use as a diagnostic agent. The Company has not yet monetized this technology.

(d)     NON-OPHTHALMOLOGY ASSETS

Ohr also owns various other compounds in earlier stages of development, including the PTP1b inhibitor Trodusquemine and related analogs. See “Corporate Strategy” concerning the Trodusquemine joint venture.

Competitive Factors

Competition in General

Competition in the area of biomedical and pharmaceutical research and development is intense and significantly depends on scientific and technological factors. These factors include the availability of patent and other protection for technology and products, the ability to commercialize technological developments and the ability to obtain regulatory approval for testing, manufacturing and marketing. Our competitors include major pharmaceutical and specialized biotechnology companies, many of which have financial, technical and marketing resources significantly greater than ours. In addition, many biotechnology companies have formed collaborations with large, established companies to support research, development and commercialization of products that may be competitive with ours. Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations are also conducting research activities and seeking patent protection and may commercialize products on their own or through joint ventures. We are aware of certain other products manufactured or under development by competitors that are used for the treatment of the health conditions that we have targeted for product development. We can provide no assurance that developments by others will not render our technology obsolete, noncompetitive or harm our development strategy, that we will be able to keep pace with new technological developments or that our technology will be able to supplant established products and methodologies in the therapeutic areas that are targeted by us. The foregoing factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. These companies, as well as academic institutions, governmental agencies and private research organizations, also compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel and consultants.

We will encounter competition from existing firms that offer competitive solutions in ocular diseases. These competitive companies could develop products that are superior to, or have greater market acceptance, than the products being developed by us. We will have to compete against other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies with greater market recognition and greater financial, marketing and other resources.

Wet-AMD Market

Age-related macular degeneration (“AMD”) is a medical condition which usually affects older adults and generally results in a loss of vision. AMD occurs in “dry” (non-exudative) and “wet” (exudative) forms. Wet-AMD is the advanced form of macular degeneration that involves the formation of abnormal and leaky blood vessels in the back of the eye behind the retina, through a process known as choroidal neovascularization (“CNV”). The wet form accounts for approximately 15 percent of all AMD cases, yet is responsible for 90 percent of severe vision loss associated with AMD. According to the National Eye Institute (NEI), the prevalence of wet-AMD among adults 40 years or older in the U.S. is estimated at 1.75 million people. In addition, more than 200,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the U.S.

Competitive Landscape in Wet-AMD

The current FDA approved market leaders for the treatment of wet-AMD are VEGF inhibitors, including Lucentis®, Eylea® and (off-label) Avastin®. In 2016, annual revenue (worldwide) was more than $8 billion for Lucentis® and Eylea® combined, despite significant off-label use of Avastin® (estimated to be 45-60% of the overall market). Lucentis®, Eylea®, and Avastin® are administered via frequent intravitreal injections directly into the eye. We are developing Squalamine for use in combination with Lucentis® and other anti-VEGF agents to improve visual function beyond that achieved with anti-VEGF therapy alone. There is no assurance that we will receive FDA approval for Squalamine for the treatment of wet-AMD, and if we receive it, there is no assurance we will be able to penetrate the market as a treatment in a significant percentage of patients.

There are various other companies with drugs in Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials for the treatment of wet-AMD. We cannot assure that none of them will get to market before us or that Squalamine will be a better treatment. Programs currently in Phase 2 or Phase 3 trials include, but are not limited to: 

All of these products in clinical development, with the exception of X-82 and PAN-90806, use an intravitreal route of administration much like the current standards of care. We believe that Squalamine has potential competitive advantages through its intracellular mechanism of action, multiple growth factor inhibition, and non invasive delivery. We also believe we have reduced the risk in our clinical program by utilizing our exploratory Phase 2 trial to identify and enroll a patient population in the MAKO study that we believe has the greatest potential for visual acuity benefits with combination therapy. However, clinical trial data from other clinical programs may negatively impact our ability to garner future financing or business collaborations, combinations or transactions with other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Competitive Landscape in Sustained Release Drug Delivery

There are a number of companies developing various forms of sustained release drug delivery platforms for ophthalmic applications. These include, but are not limited to:

Some of these programs are in a more advanced clinical stage than us. Each of these may prove to be effective means to deliver drugs in a sustained manner and we cannot assure that none of them will get to market before us or that our technology will be a better drug delivery approach.

Corporate Strategy

We are in an ongoing business development process to seek and implement strategic alternatives with respect to Squalamine, based on the visual acuity benefit of Squalamine combination therapy seen in the Phase 2 study, including licenses, business collaborations or transactions with other pharmaceutical companies. Several third parties with whom we have been in discussions have expressed interest in a potential transaction for the Squalamine program. There can be no assurance, however, that any such discussions will result in an agreement.

As part of the Company’s core ophthalmology strategy, on February 26, 2014, we entered into a Joint Venture Agreement and related agreements with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (“CSHL”) pursuant to which a joint venture, DepYmed Inc. (“DepYmed”), was formed to further preclinical and clinical development of Ohr’s Trodusquemine and analogues as PTP1B inhibitors for oncology and other undisclosed indications. DepYmed licenses research from CSHL and intellectual property from us. Ohr is a passive joint venturer in DepYmed.

Patents and Other Proprietary Rights

Patents and other proprietary rights are important to our business. It is our policy to seek patent protection for our assets, and also to rely upon trade secrets, know-how and licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our competitive position.

We generally seek worldwide patent protection for our products and have foreign patent rights corresponding to most of our U.S. patents. We currently own or have exclusively licensed several issued U.S. patents and non-US patents and have additional U.S. and non U.S. pending patent applications. U.S. patents and U.S. patent applications 7981876, 8716270, 7728157, 20130281420 and 20150342874 cover the Squalamine formulations, composition of matter, combination therapy with other agents, methods of manufacture, and uses. Additional patent applications covering Squalamine have been filed.

Under an agreement with Akina, Inc (“Akina”), we license patents, with an estimated expiration date of May 28, 2029, relating to nano/micro/macro particle fabrication technology for sustained release of molecules. The worldwide, exclusive, sub-licensable license was granted to SKS (now Ohr) for use in developing ocular products. Under the agreement with Akina, the parties will collaborate on at least three nano/micro particulate products and SKS (now Ohr) agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to either develop the licensed technology by means of a partnership with a third party or by the filing of an investigational new drug application. Additional patent applications have been filed that expand on this platform technology and that are specific to our active development programs using the sustained release technology.

Pursuant to the terms of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, the term of a U.S. patent is 20 years and is measured from the effective date that the patent application was filed rather than the prior calculation of term which was 17 years from the date that the patent issued. Patent term may be extended beyond the 20-year period by patent term adjustment when the U.S. Patent Office fails to examine the patent application in a timely manner before issuance of the patent. We take advantage of patent term adjustment whenever available and expect to seek patent term extensions following marketing approval. Under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (the “Hatch-Waxman Act”) and the Generic Animal Drug and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1988 (the “GADPTR Act”), a patent that claims a product, use or method of manufacture covering a drug may be extended for up to five years to compensate the patent holder for a portion of the time required for FDA review. Our issued U.S. patents expire between 2017 and 2029, excluding any extensions available under the Hatch-Waxman Act and the GADPTR Act.

While we file and prosecute patent applications to protect our inventions, our pending patent applications might not result in the issuance of patents or our issued patents might not provide competitive advantages. Also, our patent protection might not prevent others from developing competitive products using related or other technology.

In addition to seeking intellectual property protection via patents and licenses, we also rely upon trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological innovation, which we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, suppliers and licensees.

The scope, enforceability and effective term of issued patents can be highly uncertain and often involve complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy has emerged regarding the breadth of claims in pharmaceutical patents, so that even issued patents might later be modified or revoked by the relevant patent authorities or courts. Moreover, the issuance of a patent in one country does not assure the issuance of a patent with a similar claim scope in another country, and claim interpretation and infringement laws vary among countries, so we are unable to predict the extent of patent protection in any country. The patents we obtain and the unpatented proprietary technology we hold might not afford us significant commercial protection. Additional information regarding risks associated with our patents and other proprietary rights that affect our business is contained under the heading “Intellectual property litigation is increasingly common and increasingly expensive and may result in restrictions on our business and substantial costs, even if we prevail” and under the heading “Risk Factors”.

There are no contested proceedings and/or third-party claims over any of our patents or patent applications.

NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED

At September 30, 2017, we had 4 full-time employees. In addition, we use numerous high level scientific, administrative, operations, and financial consultants, as well as Contract Research Organizations, on an as needed basis, to provide a cost efficient alternative to a large infrastructure build out to support our ongoing preclinical and clinical development programs. The Company anticipates hiring additional staff during fiscal 2018 to support the Phase 3 program for Squalamine and continued development of the sustained release platform programs.

GOVERNMENT COMPLIANCE

The Drug Development Process

Regulation by government authorities in the United States and foreign countries is a significant factor in the research, development, manufacture, and marketing of our product candidates. All of our product candidates will require regulatory approval before they can be commercialized. In particular, human therapeutic products are subject to rigorous preclinical and clinical trials and other premarket approval requirements by the FDA and foreign authorities. Many aspects of the structure and substance of the FDA and foreign pharmaceutical regulatory practices have been reformed during recent years, and continued reform is under consideration in a number of jurisdictions. The ultimate outcome and impact of such reforms and potential reforms cannot be predicted.

The activities required before a product candidate may be marketed in the United States begin with preclinical tests. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations and animal studies to assess the potential safety and efficacy of the product candidate and its formulations. The results of these studies must be submitted to the FDA as part of an IND, which must be reviewed by the FDA before proposed clinical testing can begin. Typically, clinical testing involves a three-phase process. In Phase 1, trials are conducted with a small number of subjects to determine the early safety profile of the product candidate. In Phase 2, clinical trials are conducted with subjects afflicted with a specific disease or disorder to provide enough data to evaluate the preliminary safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the product candidate. In Phase 3, large-scale clinical trials are conducted with patients afflicted with the specific disease or disorder in order to provide enough data to understand the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate, as required by the FDA. The results of the preclinical and clinical testing of a therapeutic product candidate are then submitted to the FDA in the form of an NDA for evaluation to determine whether the product candidate may be approved for commercial sale. In responding to an NDA, the FDA may grant marketing approval, request additional information, or deny the application.

Any approval required by the FDA for any of our product candidates may not be obtained on a timely basis, or at all. The designation of a clinical trial as being of a particular phase is not necessarily indicative that such a trial will be sufficient to satisfy the parameters of a particular phase, and a clinical trial may contain elements of more than one phase notwithstanding the designation of the trial as being of a particular phase. The results of preclinical studies or early stage clinical trials may not predict long-term safety or efficacy of our compounds when they are tested or used more broadly in humans.

Approval of a product candidate by comparable regulatory authorities in foreign countries is generally required prior to commencement of marketing of the product in those countries. The approval procedure varies among countries and may involve additional testing, and the time required to obtain such approval may differ from that required for FDA approval.

Other Regulations

Various federal, state and local laws, regulations, and recommendations relating to safe working conditions, laboratory practices, the experimental use of animals, the environment and the purchase, storage, movement, import, export, use, and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, including radioactive compounds and infectious disease agents, used in connection with our research are applicable to our activities. They include, among others, the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, national restrictions on technology transfer, import, export, and customs regulations, and other present and possible future local, state, or federal regulation. The compliance with these and other laws, regulations and recommendations can be time consuming and involve substantial costs. In addition, the extent of governmental regulation which might result from future legislation or administrative action cannot be accurately predicted and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments thereto, are filed with the SEC. The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and files or furnishes reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge on the Company’s website at http://ir.ohrpharmaceutical.com/all-sec-filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing. Further, the Company’s references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.

The Company is subject to various risks and uncertainties, including those described below, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and the value of the Company’s common stock. The risks described below are not the only risks faced by the Company. Additional risks not presently known to the Company or other factors that the Company does not presently perceive to present significant risks to the Company at this time may also impair the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the value of the Company’s common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We currently do not have, and may never have, any products that generate revenues.

We are a development stage pharmaceutical company and currently do not have, and may never have, any products that generate revenues. Investment in pharmaceutical product development is highly speculative because it entails substantial upfront capital expenditures and significant risk that any potential product candidate will fail to demonstrate adequate effect or an acceptable safety profile, gain regulatory approval and become commercially viable. To date, we have not generated any product revenues from our product candidates currently in development. We cannot guarantee that any of our product candidates currently in development will ever become marketable products.

We must demonstrate that our drug candidates satisfy rigorous standards of safety and efficacy for their intended uses before the FDA, and other regulatory authorities in the European Union and elsewhere approve our product for commercialization. Based on the modifications made to the MAKO study, more than one additional clinical trial will likely be required for marketing approval. There is also a material risk the FDA will rescind the current SPA. Significant additional research, preclinical testing and clinical testing is required before we can file applications with the FDA or other regulatory authorities for premarket approval of our drug candidates. In addition, to compete effectively, our drugs must be easy to administer, cost-effective and economical to manufacture on a commercial scale. We may not achieve any of these objectives. We cannot be certain that the clinical development of this or any other drug candidates in preclinical testing or clinical development will be successful, that we will receive the regulatory approvals required to commercialize them or that any of our other research and drug discovery programs will yield a drug candidate suitable for investigation through clinical trials. Our commercial revenues from our product candidates currently in development, if any, will be derived from sales of drugs that will not become marketable for several years, if at all.

We have incurred significant losses and anticipate that we will incur additional losses. We might never achieve or sustain revenues.

We have experienced significant net losses since our inception. As of September 30, 2017, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $108.1 million. We expect to incur net losses over the next several years. We have no products approved for commercial sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales to date, and we continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. We do not expect to receive, for at least the next several years, any revenues from the commercialization of our product candidates.

We will need to raise substantial additional capital to further our clinical program for Squalamine in wet-AMD as well as future trials and may not be able to raise additional capital on favorable terms, if at all. If additional capital is not available, we may not be able to continue operations or complete the necessary clinical and preclinical trials to complete the development of Squalamine or any other products.

We will need substantial additional capital to further our drug and delivery platform development programs. Specifically, we will require significant additional funds to complete our clinical development program. In our capital-raising efforts, we may seek to sell equity or debt securities, or seek a strategic commercial partner or do a combination. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also result in covenants that would restrict our operations. However, we may not be able to raise additional funds on acceptable terms, or at all. If we raise capital through a strategic commercial partner, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to secure sufficient capital to fund our research and development activities, we may have to delay, reduce or cease operations. As of September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.8 million. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents should be sufficient to fund our operating expenses into April 2018. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our capital resources sooner than we currently expect. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the remaining costs necessary to complete development of any product candidate. As a result of our financial condition and other factors described herein, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The report of our independent registered public accounting firm expresses substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Our auditors, MaloneBailey, LLP, have indicated in their report on the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 that conditions exist that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern due to our recurring losses from operations. A “going concern” opinion could impair our ability to finance our operations through the sale of equity, incurring debt, or other financing alternatives. Our ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon the availability and terms of future funding. If we are unable to achieve this goal, our business would be jeopardized and the Company may not be able to continue. If we ceased operations, it is likely that all of our investors would lose their investment.

We are highly dependent upon our ability to raise additional capital. Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, and strategic partnerships. We do not have any committed external source of funds. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, our stockholders’ ownership interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights as holders of our common stock. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends.

Our strategy with respect to Squalamine is to seek a strategic commercial partner, or partners, such as large pharmaceutical companies, with extensive experience in the development, commercialization, and marketing of ophthalmic products. Several third parties with whom we have been in discussions have expressed interest in a potential licensing or partnering transaction for the Squalamine program, but, to date, such discussions have not resulted in any transactions. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the Company will enter into an agreement with respect to such a transaction. If we do raise capital through such strategic commercial partner, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market products or product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves, or cease operations and liquidate.

We are highly dependent upon our ability to enter into agreements with collaborative partners to develop, commercialize, and market our products.

Our strategy is to seek a strategic commercial partner, or partners, such as large pharmaceutical companies, with extensive experience in the development, commercialization, and marketing of ophthalmic products. To date, we have not entered into any strategic partnerships for any of our products. We face significant competition in seeking appropriate strategic partners, and these strategic partnerships can be intricate and time consuming to negotiate and document. We may not be able to negotiate strategic partnerships on acceptable terms, or at all. We are unable to predict when, if ever, we will enter into any strategic partnerships because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with establishing strategic partnerships.

While our strategy is to partner with an appropriate party, no assurance can be given that any third party would be interested in partnering with us. We currently lack the resources to complete our clinical trials, or to manufacture any of our product candidates on a large scale and we have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. In the event we are not able to enter into a collaborative agreement with a partner or partners, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, we may be unable to complete our clinical trials, or to commercialize our products, which would have a material adverse effect upon our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.  

Even if we succeed in securing a partner, the partner collaborators may fail to develop or effectively commercialize products using our product candidates or technologies. A partnership involving our product candidates pose a number of risks, including the following:

Thus, should the Company be successful in entering into a partnership agreement, the agreements may not lead to development or commercialization of product candidates in the most efficient manner or at all. Partnership agreements are generally terminable without cause on short notice. We also face competition in seeking out collaborators. If we are unable to secure new partners that achieve the partner’s objectives and meet our expectations, we may be unable to advance our product candidates and may not generate meaningful revenues.

If we are ever in a position to commercialize our product candidates, of which there can be no assurance, we have no experience selling, marketing or distributing products and no internal capability to do so.

We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and no experience in building a sales force and distribution capabilities. If we are ever in a position to commercialize our product candidates, of which there can be no assurance, we must develop internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, which will be expensive and time consuming, or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. If we decide to market any of our products directly, we must commit significant financial and managerial resources to develop a marketing and sales force with technical expertise and with supporting distribution capabilities. Building an in-house marketing and sales force with technical expertise and distribution capabilities will require significant expenditures, management resources and time. Factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our products directly and without strategic partners include:

We may not be successful in recruiting the sales and marketing personnel necessary to sell our products and even if we do build a sales force, they may not be successful in marketing our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may be unsuccessful in monetizing existing assets, acquiring additional assets or entering into joint development programs.

We are seeking development partners for our existing products. Several third parties with whom we have been in discussions have expressed interest in a potential licensing or partnering transaction for the Squalamine program. However, there is no assurance that the Company will enter into a definitive agreement with respect to such a transaction.

We are substantially dependent on the success of our lead product candidate Squalamine in wet-AMD, which is in a later stage of development than our other product candidates. There is no guarantee that clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD will be completed, completed in the anticipated timeframe or that they will be successful.

The results of the Phase 2 clinical trial supported conducting additional clinical trials for Squalamine with enrollment criteria for a targeted population, based on the complete analysis of the Phase 2 clinical trial. We reached an agreement on a SPA with the FDA on the design of a Phase 3 trial in March 2016, initiated the clinical program and began enrolling patients in April 2016. In February 2017 we paused enrollment, and in April 2017 we modified the trial to enable a top-line efficacy data readout by early 2018. Based on the modifications made to the MAKO study, more than one additional clinical trial will likely be required for marketing approval. There is also a material risk that the FDA will rescind the current SPA. Our business and future success is substantially dependent on our ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and successfully commercialize our lead product candidate Squalamine in wet-AMD. Any delay or setback in the development or regulatory approval of any of our product candidates, but particularly Squalamine in wet-AMD, would likely adversely affect our business and cause our stock price to decline. Should the on-going or planned Squalamine clinical development program not be completed or be delayed or be insufficient for any reason, including inconclusive or negative results, to support regulatory approval, we may be forced to rely on other product candidates, or to cease operations. We cannot assure you that our on-going or planned clinical development program for Squalamine will be completed in a timely manner, or at all, or that we will be able to obtain approval for Squalamine in wet-AMD from the FDA or any foreign regulatory authority.

The historical rate of failures for product candidates in clinical development and late-stage clinical trials is high.

There can be no assurance that we will meet the goals of our clinical trials or that we will have the same level of success in the clinical trials as we have in our prior clinical trials, or that we will be successful at all.

If we do not successfully complete clinical development of Squalamine, we will be unable to market and sell products derived from it and to generate product revenues. Even if we do successfully complete clinical trials for Squalamine in patients with wet-AMD, we may not achieve or complete the other requirements that may be needed before we may submit a New Drug Application, or NDA, to the FDA for the initial or other future indications. Of the vast number of drugs in development, only a small percentage result in the submission of an NDA to the FDA, and even fewer result in the NDA ultimately being approved by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authority for commercialization.

Results from early clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD are not necessarily predictive of the results of later clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD. If we cannot replicate the results from our earlier clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD in our later clinical trials, we may be unable to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize Squalamine in wet-AMD.

Results from our Phase 2 clinical trial for Squalamine in wet-AMD may not necessarily be predictive of the results from required later clinical trials. We may not be able to complete our ongoing clinical program for Squalamine in wet-AMD. Similarly, even if we are able to complete clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD according to our current development timeline, the results from our Phase 2 clinical trial for Squalamine in wet-AMD may not be replicated in our future clinical trial results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including companies developing combination therapies for wet-AMD, have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials after achieving positive results in early-stage development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, pre-clinical findings made while clinical trials were underway or safety or efficacy observations made in clinical trials, including previously unreported adverse events, aberrant results in the control group in earlier stage clinical trials, errors in the execution of clinical trials, and expansion of enrollment eligibility criteria from phase 2 to later studies. Moreover, pre-clinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials nonetheless failed to obtain FDA or foreign regulatory approval. If we fail to produce positive results in our clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD, the development timeline and regulatory approval and commercialization prospects for our leading product candidate, and, correspondingly, our business and financial prospects, would be materially adversely affected.

Delays, suspensions and terminations in our clinical trials could result in increased costs to us, delay our ability to generate product revenues and therefore may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and future growth prospects.

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including:

Once a clinical trial has begun, it may be delayed, suspended, modified or terminated due to a number of factors, including:

Many of these factors may also ultimately lead to the rescinding of an SPA or denial of regulatory approval of a current or potential product candidate. If we experience delays, suspensions or terminations in a clinical trial, the commercial prospects for the related product candidate will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues will be delayed and our business and financial prospects would be materially affected.

Even if we successfully complete the clinical trials of one or more of our product candidates, the product candidates may fail for other reasons.

Even if we successfully complete the clinical trials for one or more of our product candidates, the product candidates may fail for other reasons, including the possibility that the product candidates will:

In addition, our clinical trials may involve a specific patient population. Because of the small sample size, the results of these early clinical trials may not be indicative of future results. Adverse or inconclusive results may cause us to abandon a drug candidate and may delay development of other drug candidates. Any delay in, or termination of, our clinical and preclinical studies will delay the filing of our NDAs with the FDA and, ultimately, significantly impair our ability to commercialize our drug candidates and generate product revenues which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. If we are unable to receive the required U.S. and foreign regulatory approvals, secure our intellectual property rights, minimize the incidence of any adverse side effects or fail to compete with our competitors’ products, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, even if we receive FDA approval for Squalamine for the treatment of wet-AMD, there is no assurance we will be able to penetrate the market as a treatment in a significant percentage of patients.

If we find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials, it will cause significant delays in the completion of such trials and may cause us to abandon one or more clinical trials.

For the diseases or disorders that our product candidates are intended to treat, we expect only a subset of the patients with these diseases to be eligible for our clinical trials. Given that each of our product candidates is in preclinical or clinical development, we may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for each or all of our product candidates if we are unable to enroll a sufficient number of eligible subjects to participate in the clinical trials required by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities. The requirements of our clinical testing mandate that a patient cannot be involved in another clinical trial for the same indication. We are aware that our competitors have ongoing clinical trials for products that are competitive with our product candidates and subjects who would otherwise be eligible for our clinical trials may be involved in such testing, rendering them unavailable for testing of our product candidates. Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for any of our current or future clinical trials would result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or more clinical trials altogether, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. 

We rely, and expect that we will continue to rely, on third parties to conduct any future clinical trials for us. If such third parties do not successfully carry out their duties or if we lose our relationships with such third parties, our drug development efforts could be delayed.

We are dependent on contract research organizations, third-party vendors and independent investigators for preclinical testing, and clinical trials related to our drug discovery and development efforts, and we will likely continue to depend on them to assist in our future discovery and development efforts. These parties are not our employees, and we cannot control the amount or timing of resources that they devote to our programs. If they fail to devote sufficient time and resources to our drug development programs or if their performance is substandard, it will delay the development and commercialization of our product candidates. Our CRO running our clinical trial has also contracted with Jason S. Slakter, M.D., P.C., d/b/a Digital Angiography Reading Center (“DARC”), a well-known digital reading center, which is owned by Dr. Jason Slakter, our CEO, pursuant to our related party transactions policy, with the review and approval of the Audit Committee, to provide digital reading and imaging services in connection with our clinical trial. We are advised that DARC has implemented a standard operating procedure (SOP) to firewall interactions between DARC employees and Dr. Slakter. It is possible that in the future the Company may contract directly with DARC for the same or similar services. It is possible that the FDA will investigate and that this related party transaction may impact adversely on its approval of the trials. The parties with which we contract for execution of our clinical trials play a significant role in the conduct of the trials and the subsequent collection and analysis of data. Their failure to achieve their research goals or otherwise meet their obligations on a timely basis could adversely affect clinical development of our product candidates.

Communicating with outside parties can also be challenging, potentially leading to mistakes as well as difficulties in coordinating activities. Outside parties may:

These factors may materially adversely affect the willingness or ability of third parties to conduct our clinical trials and may subject us to unexpected cost increases that are beyond our control. Nevertheless, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal, regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on contract research organizations does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. We and our contract research organizations are required to comply with applicable current Good Laboratory Practice (“CGLP”), current Good Manufacturing Practice (“CGMP”), and current Good Clinical Practice (“CGCP”) regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory authorities for any products in clinical development. The FDA enforces these CGCP regulations through periodic inspections of clinical trial sponsors, principal investigators and trial sites. If we or our contract research organizations fail to comply with applicable CGCP, the clinical data generated in our clinical trials may be deemed unreliable and the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional clinical trials before approving our marketing applications. We cannot assure that, upon inspection, the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority will determine that any of our clinical trials comply with CGCP. In addition, our clinical trials must be conducted with product produced under current CGMP regulations and will require a large number of test subjects. Our failure or the failure of our contract research organizations to comply with these regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would delay the regulatory approval process and could also subject us to enforcement action up to and including civil and criminal penalties.

Although we do design our clinical trials for Squalamine in wet-AMD and other drug candidates, contract research organizations conduct all of the clinical trials. As a result, many important aspects of our drug development programs are outside of our direct control. In addition, the contract research organizations may not perform all of their obligations under arrangements with us or in compliance with regulatory requirements, but we remain responsible and are subject to enforcement action that may include civil penalties up to and including criminal prosecution for any violations of FDA or comparable foreign laws and regulations during the conduct of our clinical trials. If the contract research organizations do not perform clinical trials in a satisfactory manner, breach their obligations to us or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, the development and commercialization of Squalamine in wet-AMD and other drug candidates may be delayed or our development program materially and irreversibly harmed. We cannot control the amount and timing of resources these contract research organizations devote to our program. If we are unable to rely on clinical data collected by our contract research organizations, we could be required to repeat, extend the duration of, or increase the size of our clinical trials and this could significantly delay commercialization and require significantly greater expenditures, and have a material adverse effect on our business.

If our contract research organizations do not successfully carry out their duties or if we lose our relationships with contract research organizations, our drug development efforts could be delayed or terminated.

If we lose our relationship with any one or more of these parties, we could experience a significant delay in both identifying another comparable provider and then contracting for its services. We may be unable to retain an alternative provider on reasonable terms, if at all. Even if we locate an alternative provider, it is likely that this provider may need additional time to respond to our needs and may not provide the same type or level of service as the original provider. In addition, any provider that we retain will be subject to current CGLP and CGCP, other regulatory standards, and similar foreign standards, and we do not have control over compliance with these regulations by these providers. Consequently, if these practices and standards are not adhered to by these providers, the development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed, or terminated, and have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our product candidates may not gain acceptance among physicians, patients, or the medical community, thereby limiting our potential to generate revenues, which will undermine our future growth prospects.

Even if our product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, including foreign regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of any approved product candidate by physicians, healthcare professionals and third-party payors, and our profitability and growth will depend on a number of factors, including:

If any product candidate that we develop does not provide a treatment regimen that is at least as beneficial as the current standard of care or otherwise does not provide some additional patient benefit over the current standard of care, that product will not achieve market acceptance and we will not generate sufficient revenues to achieve profitability.

We may not be able to continue or fully exploit our partnerships with outside scientific and clinical advisors, which could impair the progress of our clinical trials and our research and development efforts.

We work with scientific and clinical advisors who are experts in the field of ocular disorders. They advise us with respect to our clinical trials. These advisors are not our employees and may have other commitments that would limit their future availability to us. If a conflict of interest arises between their work for us and their work for another entity, we may lose their services, which may impair our reputation in the industry and delay the development or commercialization of our product candidates.

We rely completely on third-party manufacturers which may result in delays in our clinical trials, regulatory approvals and product introductions.

We have no manufacturing facilities and do not have extensive experience in the manufacturing of drugs or in designing drug-manufacturing processes. We have contracted with third-party manufacturers to produce, in collaboration with us, our product candidates, including Squalamine, for clinical trials. If any of our product candidates are approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies, including foreign regulatory agencies for commercial sale, we may need to amend our contract with our current manufacturer or contract with another third party to manufacture them in larger quantities. If we need to enter into alternative arrangements, it could delay our product development activities. Our reliance on these third parties for development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of our responsibility to ensure compliance with all required regulations and study and trial protocols. If these third parties do not successfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our studies in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated study and trial plans and protocols, or if there are disagreements between us and these third parties, we will not be able to initiate, or complete, or may be delayed in completing, the clinical trials required to support future approval of our product candidates. In some such cases, we may need to locate an appropriate replacement third-party relationship, which may not be readily available or with acceptable terms, which would cause additional delay with respect to the approval of our product candidates and would thereby have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We have not entered into long-term agreements with our current third-party manufacturers or with any alternate suppliers. Although we intend to do so prior to any commercial launch of a product that is approved by the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authorities in order to ensure that we maintain adequate supplies of commercial drug product, we may be unable to enter into such agreements or do so on commercially reasonable terms, which could delay a product launch or subject our commercialization efforts to significant supply risk. In addition, reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject to if we manufactured the product candidates ourselves, including:

Any of these events could lead to clinical trial delays or failure to obtain regulatory approval, or impact our ability to successfully commercialize future product candidates. Some of these events could be the basis for FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority action, including injunction, recall, seizure or total or partial suspension of product manufacture.

Our contract manufacturers are subject to significant regulatory oversight with respect to manufacturing our products. The manufacturing facilities on which we rely may not continue to meet regulatory requirements and may have limited capacity.

The manufacturers of our product candidates are obliged to operate in accordance with FDA-mandated CGMPs. In addition, the facilities used by our contract manufacturers or other third party manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates must be approved by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authority pursuant to inspections that will be conducted after we request regulatory approval from the FDA or other foreign regulatory authority. A failure of any of our current or future contract manufacturers to establish and follow CGMPs and to document their adherence to such practices may lead to significant delays in clinical trials or in obtaining regulatory approval of product candidates or the ultimate launch of products based on our product candidates into the market. Furthermore, all of our contract manufacturers are engaged with other companies to supply and/or manufacture materials or products for such companies, which exposes our manufacturers to regulatory risks for the production of such materials and products. As a result, failure to satisfy the regulatory requirements for the production of those materials and products may affect the regulatory clearance of our contract manufacturers’ facilities generally. Failure by our current or future third-party manufacturers or us to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of the government to grant pre-market approval of drugs, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions, and criminal prosecutions. Many aspects of the clinical trial and manufacturing process are outside of our control. In addition, the third-party manufacturers may not perform all of their obligations under arrangements with us or in compliance with regulatory requirements. If a third-party manufacturer breaches its obligations to us or fails to comply with regulatory requirements, the commercialization of Squalamine in wet-AMD and other drug candidates may be delayed or irreversibly harmed.

The facilities and quality systems of some or all of our third-party contractors must pass a pre-approval inspection for compliance with the applicable regulations as a condition of regulatory approval of our product candidates. In addition, the regulatory authorities may, at any time, audit or inspect a manufacturing facility involved with the preparation of our product candidates or the associated quality systems for compliance with the regulations applicable to the activities being conducted. If these facilities do not pass a pre-approval plant inspection, FDA approval of the products will not be granted.

The regulatory authorities also may, at any time following approval of a product for sale, audit our manufacturing facilities or those of our third-party manufacturers. If any such inspection or audit identifies a failure to comply with applicable regulations or if a violation of our product specifications or applicable regulations occurs independent of such an inspection or audit, we or the relevant regulatory authority may require remedial measures that may be costly and/or time-consuming for us or our third-party manufacturers to implement and that may include the temporary or permanent suspension of a clinical trial or commercial sales or the temporary or permanent closure of a manufacturing facility. Any such remedial measures imposed upon us or third parties with whom we contract could materially harm our business.

Developments by competitors may render our products or technologies obsolete or non-competitive which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We compete against fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and smaller companies that are collaborating with larger pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations. Our drug candidates will have to compete with existing therapies and therapies under development by our competitors. In addition, our commercial opportunities may be reduced or eliminated if our competitors develop and market products that are less expensive, more effective or safer than our drug products. Other companies have drug candidates in various stages of preclinical or clinical development to treat diseases for which we are also seeking to develop drug products. Some of these potential competing drugs are further advanced in development than our drug candidates and may be commercialized earlier. Even if we are successful in developing effective drugs, our products may not compete successfully with products produced by our competitors. Most of our competitors, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, operate larger research and development programs, have larger staffing and facilities, and have substantially greater financial resources than we do, as well as significantly greater experience in:

These organizations also compete with us to attract qualified personnel, acquisitions and joint venture candidates and for other collaborations. Activities of our competitors may impose unanticipated costs on our business which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We depend upon key officers and consultants in a competitive market for skilled personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, it could adversely affect our ability to develop and market our products.

We are highly dependent upon the principal members of our management team, especially our Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Jason Slakter, and Vice President of Business Development and Chief Financial Officer, Sam Backenroth, as well as our directors and key consultants. A loss of any of these personnel may have a material adverse effect on aspects of our business and clinical development and regulatory programs.

We also depend in part on obtaining the service of scientific personnel and our ability to identify, hire and retain additional personnel. We experience intense competition for qualified personnel, and the existence of non-competition agreements between prospective employees and their former employers may prevent us from hiring those individuals or subject us to suit from their former employers. While we attempt to provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain key personnel, many of our competitors are likely to have greater resources and more experience than we have, making it difficult for us to compete successfully for key personnel.

Our employees, partners, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, vendors and contract research organizations may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.

We are exposed to the risk that our employees, partners, independent contractors, principal investigators, consultants, vendors and contract research organizations may engage in fraudulent or other illegal activity with respect to our business. Misconduct by these employees could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or unauthorized activity that violates: (1) FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority regulations, including those laws requiring the reporting of true, complete and accurate information to the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority; (2) manufacturing standards; (3) federal, state and foreign healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations; or (4) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. Activities subject to these laws also involve the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical trials, or illegal misappropriation of drug product, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm to our reputation. Any incidents or any other conduct that leads to an employee receiving an FDA or other regulatory authority debarment could result in a loss of business from our partners and severe reputational harm. We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, but it is not always possible to identify and deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. If any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, damages, monetary fines, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business, operating results and financial condition.

Any future acquisitions we make of companies or technologies may result in disruption to our business or distraction of our management, due to difficulties in assimilating acquired personnel and operations.

We may acquire or make investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products which complement our pharmaceutical operations if appropriate opportunities arise. From time to time we engage in discussions and negotiations with companies regarding our acquiring or investing in such companies’ businesses, products, services or technologies, in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot be assured that we will be able to identify future suitable acquisition or investment candidates, or if we do identify suitable candidates, that we will be able to make such acquisitions or investments on commercially acceptable terms or at all. If we acquire or invest in another company, we could have difficulty in assimilating that company’s personnel, operations, technology and software. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired company may decide not to work for us. If we make other types of acquisitions, we could have difficulty in integrating the acquired products, services or technologies into our operations. These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees, increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations. Furthermore, we may incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to pay for any future acquisitions. The issuance of equity securities would be dilutive to our existing stockholders. However, we currently do not have any agreement to enter into any material investment or acquisition transaction.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

We store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our employees, in our data centers and on our networks. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, and damage our reputation.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.

Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Such an event could cause interruption of our operations. For example, the loss of data from completed or ongoing clinical trials for our product candidates could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to our data, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability and the development of our product candidates could be delayed.

Risks Related to FDA, Comparable Foreign Regulatory Authority and Healthcare Regulations

We face heavy government regulation. FDA regulatory approval and/or comparable foreign regulatory authority’s approval of our products is uncertain.

The research, testing, manufacturing and marketing of drug products such as those that we are developing are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local government authorities, including the FDA or any comparable foreign regulatory authority. To obtain regulatory approval of a product, we must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory agency that, among other things, the product is safe and effective for its intended use. In addition, we must show that the manufacturing facilities used to produce the products are in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices regulations.

The process of obtaining FDA and other required regulatory approvals, including foreign regulatory approvals and clearances, will require us to expend substantial time and capital. Despite the time and expense expended, regulatory approval is never guaranteed. The number of preclinical and clinical trials that will be required for FDA approval, or any comparable foreign regulatory authority’s approval, varies depending on the drug candidate, the disease or condition for which the drug candidate is in development, and the requirements applicable to that particular drug candidate. The FDA or other foreign health authority can delay, limit or deny approval of a drug candidate for many reasons, including that:

For example, if certain of our methods for analyzing our trial data are not accepted by the FDA or foreign regulatory authority, we may fail to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates. Moreover, if and when our products do obtain marketing approval, the marketing, distribution and manufacture of such products would remain subject to extensive ongoing regulatory requirements. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in:

Any delay or failure by us to obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates could diminish competitive advantages that we may attain and would adversely affect the marketing of our products. We have not received regulatory approval to market any of our product candidates in any jurisdiction.

Following regulatory approval of any of our drug candidates, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and restrictions, which may result in significant expense and limit our ability to commercialize our potential products.

With regard to our drug candidates, if any, approved by the FDA or by another regulatory authority, including a foreign regulatory authority, we are held to extensive regulatory requirements over product manufacturing, labeling, packaging, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and record keeping. Regulatory approvals may also be subject to significant limitations on the indicated uses or marketing of the drug candidates. Potentially costly follow-up or post-marketing clinical studies may be required as a condition of approval to further substantiate safety or efficacy, or to investigate specific issues of interest to the regulatory authority. Previously unknown problems with the drug candidate, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, may result in restrictions on the marketing of the drug, and could include withdrawal of the drug from the market.

In addition, the law or regulatory policies governing pharmaceuticals may change. New statutory requirements may be enacted or additional regulations may be enacted that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our drug candidates. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the United States or elsewhere. If we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we might not be permitted to market our drugs and which could have a material adverse effect on our business and competitive position.

Healthcare policy changes, including pending legislation recently adopted and further proposals still pending to reform the U.S. healthcare system, may harm our future business.

Healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade. There have been and continue to be proposals by legislators, regulators and third-party payors to keep these costs down. Certain proposals, if passed, would impose limitations on the prices we will be able to charge for the products that we are developing, or the amounts of reimbursement available for these products from governmental agencies or third-party payors. These limitations could in turn reduce the amount of investment into development, and the amount of revenues that we will be able to generate in the future from sales of our products and licenses of our technology.

In March 2010, the U.S. Congress enacted healthcare reform legislation that may significantly impact the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to requiring most individuals to have health insurance and establishing new regulations on health plans, this legislation will require discounts under the Medicare drug benefit program and increased rebates on drugs covered by Medicaid. In addition, the legislation imposes an annual fee, which will increase annually, on sales by branded pharmaceutical manufacturers starting in 2011. The financial impact of these discounts, increased rebates and fees and the other provisions of the legislation on our business is unclear and there can be no assurance that our business will not be materially adversely affected. In addition, these and other ongoing initiatives in the United States have increased and will continue to increase pressure on drug pricing. While at the present time, the future of the 2010 legislation is uncertain, the announcement or adoption of any government initiatives could have an adverse effect on potential revenues from any product that we may successfully develop.

Various healthcare reform proposals have also emerged at the state level. We cannot predict what healthcare initiatives, if any, will be implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect any future legislation or regulation will have on us. However, an expansion in government’s role in the U.S. healthcare industry may lower the future revenues for the products we are developing and adversely affect our future business, possibly materially.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Our ability to compete may be undermined if we do not adequately protect our proprietary rights.

Our commercial success depends on obtaining and maintaining proprietary rights to our product candidates and technologies and their uses, as well as successfully defending these rights against third-party challenges. We will be able to most effectively protect our product candidates, technologies, and their uses from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable patents, or effectively protected trade secrets, cover them. For example, we have rights under U.S. patents and patent applications 7981876, 8716270, 7728157, 20130281420 and 20150342874 to cover the Squalamine formulations, composition of matter, use in combination with other agents, methods of manufacture, and uses. Nonetheless, the issued patents and patent applications covering our primary technology programs remain subject to uncertainty due to a number of factors, including:

Even if we have or obtain patents covering our product candidates or technologies, we may still be barred from making, using and selling one or more of our product candidates or technologies because of the patent rights of others. Others have or may have filed, and in the future are likely to file, patent applications covering compounds, assays, therapeutic products and delivery systems, including sustained release delivery, that are similar or identical to ours. Numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications owned by others exist in the area of ocular disorders. These could materially affect our ability to develop our product candidates or sell our products. Because patent applications can take years to issue, there may be currently pending applications, unknown to us, that may later result in issued patents that our product candidates or technologies may infringe. These patent applications may have priority over one or more patent applications filed by us.

If our competitors have prepared and filed patent applications in the United States that claim technology we also claim, we may have to participate in interference proceedings required by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention, which could result in substantial costs, even if we ultimately prevail. Results of interference proceedings are highly unpredictable and may result in us having to try to obtain licenses in order to continue to develop or market certain of our drug products.

Disputes may arise regarding the ownership or inventorship of our inventions. It is difficult to determine how such disputes would be resolved. Others may challenge the validity of our patents. If one or more of our patents are found to be invalid, we will lose the ability to exclude others from making, using or selling the inventions claimed therein.

Some of our research collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and information to which we have rights. Additionally, employees whose positions may be eliminated may seek future employment with our competitors. Each of our employees is required to sign a confidentiality agreement and invention assignment agreement with us at the time of hire. While such arrangements are intended to enable us to better control the use and disclosure of our proprietary property and provide for our ownership of proprietary technology developed on our behalf, they may not provide us with meaningful protection for such property and technology in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure. In addition, technology that we may in-license may become important to some aspects of our business. We generally will not control all of the patent prosecution, maintenance or enforcement of in-licensed technology.

We rely on confidentiality agreements that could be breached and may be difficult to enforce which could have a material adverse effect on our business and competitive position.

Our policy is to enter agreements relating to the non-disclosure of confidential information with third parties, including our contractors, consultants, advisors and research collaborators, as well as agreements that purport to require the disclosure and assignment to us of the rights to the ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions of our employees and consultants while we employ them. However, these agreements can be difficult and costly to enforce. Moreover, to the extent that our contractors, consultants, advisors and research collaborators apply or independently develop intellectual property in connection with any of our projects, disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to this type of information. If a dispute arises, a court may determine that the right belongs to a third party, and enforcement of our rights can be costly and unpredictable. In addition, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we will seek to protect in part by confidentiality agreements with our employees, contractors, consultants, advisors or others. In addition, courts outside the United States may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Despite the protective measures we employ, we still face the risk that:

Any breach of our confidentiality agreements or our failure to effectively enforce such agreements would have a material adverse effect on our business and competitive position.

If we infringe the rights of third parties we could be prevented from selling products, forced to pay damages and required to defend against litigation which could result in substantial costs and may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We have not received to date any claims of infringement by any third parties. However, as our product candidates progress into clinical trials and commercialization, if at all, our public profile and that of our product candidates may be raised and generate such claims. Defending against such claims, and occurrence of a judgment adverse to us, could result in unanticipated costs and may have a material adverse effect on our business and competitive position. If our products, methods, processes and other technologies infringe the proprietary rights of other parties, we could incur substantial costs and we may have to:

Any costs incurred in connection with such events or the inability to sell our products may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Intellectual property litigation is increasingly common and increasingly expensive and may result in restrictions on our business and substantial costs, even if we prevail.

Patent and other intellectual property litigation is becoming more common in the pharmaceutical industry. Litigation is sometimes necessary to defend against or assert claims of infringement, to enforce our patent rights, including those we have licensed from others, to protect trade secrets or to determine the scope and validity of proprietary rights of third parties. Currently, no third party is asserting that we are infringing upon their patent rights or other intellectual property, nor are we aware or believe that we are infringing upon any third party’s patent rights or other intellectual property. We may, however, be infringing upon a third party’s patent rights or other intellectual property, and litigation asserting such claims might be initiated in which we would not prevail, or we would not be able to obtain the necessary licenses on reasonable terms, if at all. All such litigation, whether meritorious or not, as well as litigation initiated by us against third parties, is time-consuming and very expensive to defend or prosecute and to resolve. In addition, if we infringe the intellectual property rights of others, we could lose our right to develop, manufacture or sell our products or could be required to pay monetary damages or royalties to license proprietary rights from third parties. An adverse determination in a judicial or administrative proceeding or a failure to obtain necessary licenses could prevent us from manufacturing or selling our products, which could harm our business, financial condition and prospects.

A dispute concerning the infringement or misappropriation of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of others could be time consuming and costly, and an unfavorable outcome could harm our business.

There is significant litigation in our industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. While we are not currently subject to any pending intellectual property litigation, and are not aware of any such threatened litigation, we may be exposed to future litigation by third parties based on claims that our product candidates, technologies or activities infringe the intellectual property rights of others. If our drug development activities are found to infringe any such patents, we may have to pay significant damages or seek licenses to such patents. If our products are found to infringe any such patents, we may have to pay significant damages or seek licenses to such patents. A patentee could prevent us from making, using or selling the patented compounds. We may need to resort to litigation to enforce a patent issued to us, protect our trade secrets or determine the scope and validity of third-party proprietary rights. From time to time, we may hire scientific personnel formerly employed by other companies involved in one or more areas similar to the activities conducted by us. Either we or these individuals may be subject to allegations of trade secret misappropriation or other similar claims as a result of their prior affiliations. If we become involved in litigation, it could consume a substantial portion of our managerial and financial resources, regardless of whether we win or lose. We also may not be able to afford the costs of litigation.

The patent applications of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies involve highly complex legal and factual questions, which, if determined adversely to us, could negatively impact our patent position.

The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office’s standards are uncertain and could change in the future. Consequently, the issuance and scope of patents cannot be predicted with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. U.S. patents and patent applications may also be subject to interference or derivation proceedings, and U.S. patents may be subject to inter partes review, post grant review and ex parte reexamination proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (and foreign patents may be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent office), which proceedings could result in either loss of the patent or denial of the patent application or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. Similarly, opposition or invalidity proceedings could result in loss of rights or reduction in the scope of one or more claims of a patent in foreign jurisdictions. Such interference, inter partes review, post grant review and ex parte reexamination and opposition proceedings may be costly. Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection against competitive products or processes.

Changes in or different interpretations of patent laws in the United States and foreign countries may permit others to use our discoveries or to develop and commercialize our technology and products without providing any compensation to us or may limit the number of patents or claims we can obtain. In particular, there have been proposals to shorten the exclusivity periods available under U.S. patent law that, if adopted, could substantially harm our business. The product candidates that we are developing are protected by intellectual property rights, including patents and patent applications. If any of our product candidates becomes a marketable product, we will rely on our exclusivity under patents to sell the compound and recoup our investments in the research and development of the compound. If the exclusivity period for patents is shortened, then our ability to generate revenues without competition will be reduced and our business could be materially adversely impacted. The laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws, and those countries may lack adequate rules and procedures for defending our intellectual property rights. For example, some countries, including many in Europe, do not grant patent claims directed to methods of treating humans and, in these countries, patent protection may not be available at all to protect our product candidates. In addition, U.S. patent laws may change, which could prevent or limit us from filing patent applications or patent claims to protect our products or technologies or limit the exclusivity periods that are available to patent holders. For example, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the Leahy-Smith Act, was recently signed into law and includes a number of significant changes to U.S. patent law. These include changes to transition from a “first-to-invent” system to a “first-to-file” system and to the way issued patents are challenged. These changes may favor larger and more established companies that have more resources to devote to patent application filing and prosecution. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has been in the process of implementing regulations and procedures to administer the Leahy-Smith Act, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated with the Leahy-Smith Act may affect our ability to obtain, enforce or defend our patents. Accordingly, it is not clear what, if any, impact the Leahy-Smith Act will ultimately have on the cost of prosecuting our patent applications, our ability to obtain patents based on our discoveries and our ability to enforce or defend our issued patents.

If we fail to obtain and maintain patent protection and trade secret protection of our product candidates, proprietary technologies and their uses, we could lose our competitive advantage and competition we face would increase, reducing our potential revenues and adversely affecting our ability to attain profitability.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

The market price and volume of our common stock fluctuate significantly and could result in substantial losses for individual investors.

The stock market from time to time experiences significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may cause the market price and volume of our common stock to decrease. In addition, the market price and volume of our common stock is highly volatile.

Factors that may cause the market price and volume of our common stock to decrease include:

If we fail to meet the continued listing standards of Nasdaq, our common stock may be delisted, which may adversely affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”). Nasdaq has requirements we must meet in order to remain listed on the Nasdaq, including that we maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share of our common stock. On April 6, 2017, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq indicating that the bid price of our common stock for the last 30 consecutive business days had closed below the minimum $1.00 per share required for continued listing under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a). We have been provided a period of 180 calendar days, or until October 3, 2017, to regain compliance. At the end of September 2017, the Company determined that it would not be in compliance with the minimum closing bid price requirement by October 3, 2017, which would subject the Company’s common stock to delisting from Nasdaq. As a result, the Company notified Nasdaq and applied for an extension of the cure period, as permitted under the original notification. In the application, the Company indicated that it met the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly-held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the minimum closing bid price, and provided written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period of an additional 180 days. On October 4, 2017, we received a written notice from Nasdaq that we were granted an additional 180 calendar days, or until April 2, 2018, to regain compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price per share requirement of the Listing Rules of Nasdaq. Although the Company has regained compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price requirement since the Company’s common stock closed at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the requirements for listing our common stock on the Nasdaq. The failure to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq could have an adverse effect on the market price and liquidity of our shares of common stock.

The market for our common stock is illiquid. Our stockholders may not be able to resell their shares at or above the purchase price paid by such stockholders, or at all.

Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq. The market for our securities is illiquid. This illiquidity may be caused by a variety of factors including:

There is limited trading in our common stock and our security holders may experience wide fluctuations in the market price of our securities. Such price and volume fluctuations have particularly affected the trading prices of equity securities of many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. These price and volume fluctuations often appear to have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. These fluctuations may have an extremely negative effect on the market price of our securities and may prevent a stockholder from obtaining a market price equal to the purchase price such stockholder paid when the stockholder attempts to sell our securities in the open market. In these situations, the stockholder may be required either to sell our securities at a market price which is lower than the purchase price the stockholder paid, or to hold our securities for a longer period of time than planned. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of capital stock or to recruit and retain managers with equity-based incentive plans. Additionally, under the SEC’s Tick Size Pilot program, in October 2016, shares of our common stock began trading in five cent rather than one cent increments. The change to five cent increments may result in greater fluctuations in the market price of our common stock and could result in higher trading costs for investors.

As a “smaller reporting company,” the Company may avail itself of reduced disclosure requirements, which may make the Company’s common stock less attractive to investors.

Because the market value of the Company’s common stock as of the end of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter was less than $75 million, the Company is a “smaller reporting company” under applicable SEC rules and regulations. As a “smaller reporting company,” the Company has relied on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies. The Company may continue to rely on such exemptions for so long as the Company remains a “smaller reporting company.” These exemptions include reduced financial disclosure, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation, and not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Company’s reliance on these exemptions may result in the public finding the Company’s common stock to be less attractive and adversely impact the market price of the Company’s common stock or the trading market thereof.

We are at risk of securities class action litigation or derivative action litigation.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. This risk is especially relevant for us because pharmaceutical companies have experienced significant stock price volatility in recent years and increased litigation. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business and the value of our common stock.

In the past, derivative action litigation has been brought against directors, management and companies for breaches of fiduciary duty including those relating to alleged excess compensation or strategic business decisions. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s resources and attention, which could harm our business and the value of our common stock.

If we do not raise additional funds, we will not be able to continue operations or complete the necessary clinical and preclinical trials to complete development of Squalamine and our sustained release ophthalmological platform or our other products and will not be able to sell them anywhere.

We will not be able to sell Squalamine and our sustained release ophthalmological platform products or our other products in the United States or other territories unless we submit, and the FDA or foreign regulatory authority approves, an application for approval for each such product. We must conduct clinical trials of each of our products in humans before we submit such application. We currently do not have sufficient capital to complete the necessary trials to complete the development of Squalamine and our sustained release ophthalmological platform or any of our other therapeutic drug products.

It is possible that the results of clinical and preclinical studies of Squalamine and our sustained release ophthalmological platform products or our other products will not prove that they are safe and effective. It is also possible that the FDA or foreign regulatory authority will not approve the sale of any of our products if we submit an application for such product. Even if the data show that any of our products are safe and effective, obtaining approval of the application could take years and require financing of amounts not presently available to us.

Conducting the clinical and preclinical studies of each of our products will require significant cash expenditures and we do not have the funds necessary to complete the clinical program for Squalamine and our sustained release ophthalmological platform products or any other products. Our products may never be approved for commercial distribution by any country. Because our research and development expenses and clinical and preclinical study expenses will be charged against earnings for financial reporting purposes, we expect that losses from operations will continue to be incurred for the near future. If we do not raise enough money to complete the Squalamine development program, it could significantly hurt our business and the value of our common stock.

We will not pay cash dividends and investors may have to sell their shares in order to realize their investment.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to use our cash for reinvestment in the development and marketing of our products and services. As a result, investors may have to sell their shares of common stock to realize their investment.

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

We are subject to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder (“Section 404”). Section 404 requires us to report on the design and effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. In the past, our management has identified certain “material weaknesses” in our internal controls over financial reporting which we believe have been remediated. However, any failure to maintain effective controls could result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, and cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations, or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. We may also be required to incur costs to improve our internal control system and hire additional personnel. This could negatively impact our results of operations.

Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance and public disclosure may result in additional expenses and divert management’s attention from operating our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

There have been other changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure in addition to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as new regulations promulgated by the Commission and rules promulgated by the national securities exchanges. These new or changed laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards are likely to continue to result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. Our board members, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer could face an increased risk of personal liability in connection with the performance of their duties. As a result, we may have difficulty attracting and retaining qualified board members and executive officers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, we may incur additional expenses to comply with standards set by regulatory authorities or governing bodies which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of the Company by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to stockholders.

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of the Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. Delaware law imposes conditions on certain business combination transactions with “interested stockholders.” These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares of common stock over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue Serial Preferred Stock, which could affect the rights of holders of our common stock and may delay or prevent a takeover that could be in the best interests of our stockholders.

The Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 9,416,664 shares of Serial Preferred Stock, $.0001 par value per share (the “Serial Preferred Stock”) (after giving effect to the conversion and cancellation of a previous issue of 5,583,336 shares of Series B Preferred), in one or more series and to fix the number of shares constituting any such series, the voting powers, designation, preferences and relative participation, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including the dividend rights and dividend rate, terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions), redemption price or prices, conversion rights and liquidation preferences of the shares constituting any series, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. 6,000,000 shares of the Serial Preferred Stock, designated the Series B Preferred, have been authorized, 5,583,336 were issued and, as of the date of this filing, all such shares have been converted and no Series B Preferred shares remain issued and outstanding. The issuance of additional Serial Preferred Stock could affect the rights of the holders of Common Stock. For example, such issuance could result in a class of securities outstanding that would have preferential voting, dividend, and liquidation rights over the Common Stock, and could (upon conversion or otherwise) enjoy all of the rights appurtenant to the shares of common stock. The authority possessed by the Board of Directors to issue Serial Preferred Stock could potentially be used to discourage attempts by others to obtain control of the Company through merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise by making such attempts more difficult or costly to achieve. The Board of Directors may issue the Serial Preferred Stock without stockholder approval and with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock. There are no agreements or understandings for the issuance of Serial Preferred Stock and the Board of Directors has no present intention to issue any Serial Preferred Stock.

ITEM 2

PROPERTIES

The Company’s headquarters are located in New York, New York. Our New York offices are being rented to us on a monthly basis.

We currently lease a lab facility in San Diego. The lease expires in December 2017 and we will not be renewing the lease.

ITEM 3

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not a party to any material pending legal proceedings.

ITEM 4

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

Part II

The Company’s shares of common stock are quoted on Nasdaq under the symbol “OHRP.” The following table sets forth the high and low per share sales prices of the Company’s common stock on Nasdaq for the periods reflected below.

Holders

As of December 13, 2017 there were 186 stockholders of record, which excludes stockholders whose shares were held in nominee or street name by brokers.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently expect to retain future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of the business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans

See Part III, Item 12 of this Report for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s equity compensation plan.

ITEM 6

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not Applicable

General

We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company developing novel therapies for ophthalmic diseases. Our lead clinical asset, topical Squalamine (also known as squalamine lactate ophthalmic solution, 0.2%, or OHR-102), is a novel therapeutic product which could provide a non-invasive therapy to improve vision outcomes beyond that achieved with current standard of care. We are evaluating Squalamine in combination with Lucentis® injections for the treatment of wet-AMD. This is based on the data from a Phase 2 clinical trial in wet-AMD where a positive and clinically meaningful vision benefit was seen with Squalamine combination therapy in classic containing choroidal neovascularization (classic CNV) as well as those subjects with occult neovascularization (occult CNV) less than 10mm². We also have a sustained release platform technology we acquired in May 2014.

The Company will continue to incur ongoing operating losses, which are expected to increase substantially as it funds development and clinical testing of its pharmaceutical compounds. In addition, losses will be incurred in paying ongoing reporting expenses, including legal and accounting expenses, as necessary to maintain the Company as a public entity. No projected date for potential revenues can be made, and the Company is undercapitalized at present to completely develop, test and market any pharmaceutical product.

Until the Company is able to generate significant revenue from its principal operations, it will remain classified as a development stage company. The Company can give no assurance that it will be successful in such efforts or that its limited operating funds will be adequate to support the Company’s operations, nor can there be any assurance of any additional funding being available to the Company. Management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company has limited working capital reserves with which to continue development of its pharmaceutical products and continuing operations. The Company is reliant, at present, upon its capital reserves for ongoing operations and has no revenues.

Net working capital reserves decreased from the beginning of the 2016 fiscal year to the end by $712,691 (to $8,090,451 from $8,803,142) primarily due to capital raised through the sale of common stock offset by continued costs for our research and development activities. At the end of fiscal 2017, our quarterly cash burn increased to more than $5 million, which was higher than in fiscal 2016. We expect our cash burn to stabilize and then potentially decrease in fiscal 2018 with the completion of the ongoing MAKO study. Management has concluded that due to the conditions described above, there is substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. We have evaluated the significance of the conditions in relation to our ability to meet our obligations and believe that our current cash balance will provide sufficient capital to continue operations into April 2018. At present, the Company has no bank line of credit or other fixed source of capital reserves. Should the Company need additional capital in the future, it will be primarily reliant upon private or public placement of its equity or debt securities, or a transaction with a pharmaceutical partner, for which there can be no warranty or assurance that the Company may be successful in such efforts.

Results of Operations

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, the Company had no revenues and operating expenses of approximately $23,780,073. The loss from operations was comprised of $17,406,869 in research and development costs, $5,278,272 in general and administrative expenses, and $1,165,689 in depreciation and amortization. During the same period, the Company recorded a gain on settlement of accounts payable of $70,757, and had other expense, net items totaling $30,923. The net loss for the year ended September 30, 2017 was $23,810,996.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2016, the Company had no revenues and operating expenses of approximately $24,596,053. The loss from operations was comprised of $16,460,714 in research and development costs, $7,656,327 in general and administrative expenses, and $1,189,276 in depreciation and amortization. During the same period, the Company recorded a gain on settlement of accounts payable of $710,264, a decrease in fair value of contingent consideration of $1,185,667 and had other income and expense, net items totaling $15,522. The net loss for the year ended September 30, 2016 was $25,766,198.

As noted above, the Company had no revenues for fiscal year 2017, and does not anticipate that it will have any revenues in fiscal year 2018. The operating expenses of the Company decreased from fiscal year 2016 to fiscal year 2017 by $815,980. The Company had an increase in research and development expenses as ongoing development costs and testing efforts for its pharmaceutical products continue. General and administrative decreased from 2016 to 2017. The Company anticipates it will have higher expenditures in fiscal year 2018, including clinical development costs, again with no offsetting revenues.

Results of operations for the year ended September 30, 2017 reflect the following changes from the prior year period:

Until the Company experiences an increase in revenues as it continues to implement its business plan, significant losses are expected to continue as the trend is reflected in the chart above.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In accordance with ASC 820, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and notes payable approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. ASC 820 clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs, where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own beliefs about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, based on the best information available in the circumstances.

Research and Development

The Company follows the policy of expensing its research and development costs in the period in which they are incurred in accordance with ASC 730. The Company incurred net research and development expenses of $17,406,869, and $16,460,714, during the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Share-based Compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Share-Based Payments” which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. The Company uses the BlackScholes pricing model for determining the fair value of stock options and the stock price on the date of the grant for the fair value of restricted stock awards.

In accordance with ASC 505, equity instruments issued to non-employees for goods or services are accounted for at fair value and are marked to market until service is complete or a performance commitment date is reached, whichever is earlier.

Goodwill and Intangibles

The Company evaluates goodwill and other finite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other. ” Goodwill is recorded at the time of an acquisition and is calculated as the difference between the total consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Accounting for acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”). Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite life and is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. If the assumptions and estimates used to allocate the purchase price are not correct, or if business conditions change, purchase price adjustments or future asset impairment charges could be required. The value of our goodwill could be impacted by future adverse changes such as: (I) any future declines in our operating results, (ii) a decline in the valuation of technology, including the valuation of our common stock, (iii) a significant slowdown in the worldwide economy or (iv) any failure to meet the performance projections included in our forecasts of future operating results. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, the Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Impairment evaluations involve management estimates of asset useful lives and future cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the evaluations. It is possible, however, that the plans and estimates used may be incorrect. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analysis, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges in a future period.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in September, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests for both goodwill and other finite-lived intangible assets. The Company recorded no impairment loss for the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016.

The Company’s other finite-lived intangible assets consist of license rights and patents. The Company amortizes its patents over the life of each patent and license rights over the remaining life of the patents that it has rights for. The current license rights have a remaining life of 13 years. During the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized $1,120,617, and $1,124,644, in amortization expense on the patents and license rights, respectively. The amortization expense has been included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Tabular Description of Principal Contracts

The Company is not engaged in any contract for sale or distribution of its product to date and, therefore, does not have any specific disclosure under this heading.

ITEM 7A

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 8

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Following are the financial statements prepared by Ohr and audited by its independent auditors. These financial statements constitute the formal presentation of financial information by the Company, such that all other financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be read and reviewed in light of the following financial statements and notes thereto. Should there exist any conflict between information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the following financial statements, the financial statements should be given primary definition and control. The notes attached to the financial statements constitute an integral part of the financial disclosure and should be read and reviewed in connection with the financial statements.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

OHR Pharmaceutical, Inc.

New York, NY

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of OHR Pharmaceutical, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the entity’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of OHR Pharmaceutical, Inc. and its subsidiaries as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations that raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/ MaloneBailey, LLP

www.malonebailey.com

Houston, Texas

December 15, 2017  

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. 

Consolidated Statements of Operations

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC.  

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

OHR PHARMACEUTICAL, INC. 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

September 30, 2017

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

OHR Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“we”, “our,” or the “Company”) is a pharmaceutical company focused on the development of the Company’s previously acquired compounds and technologies with a focus on the clinical and preclinical development of ophthalmology products. Our lead clinical program, topical Squalamine (also known as Squalamine Lactate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.2% or OHR-102), is being evaluated in an ongoing clinical study (The MAKO study) for the treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (“wet-AMD”). We are also developing a sustained release ocular drug delivery platform technology.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND GOING CONCERN

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates subject to change in the near term include impairment (if any) of long-lived assets and fair value of liabilities.

Accounting Basis and Principles of Consolidation

The Company prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, and they include the accounts of Ohr Pharmaceutical, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The Company has elected a September 30 fiscal year end. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company also uses the equity method to account for its joint venture. This method is used because the joint venture does not meet the variable interest entity requirements for consolidation and the Company does not have control of the entity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments purchased with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash. Our cash balances are maintained in accounts held by major banks and financial institutions located in the United States. The Company occasionally maintains amounts on deposit with a financial institution that are in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. The risk is managed by maintaining all deposits in high quality financial institutions. The Company had approximately $12,301,085 and $12,046,890 of cash balances in excess of federally insured limits at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation and amortization is calculated using the straightline method over the expected useful life of the asset, after the asset is placed in service. The Company generally uses the following depreciable lives for its major classifications of property and equipment:

Expenditures associated with upgrades and enhancements that improve, add functionality, or otherwise extend the life of property and equipment that exceed $1,000 are capitalized, while expenditures that do not, such as repairs and maintenance, are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived tangible assets and definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company uses an estimate of undiscounted future net cash flows of the assets over the remaining useful lives in determining whether the carrying value of the assets is recoverable. If the carrying values of the assets exceed the expected future cash flows of the assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying values of the assets and their estimated fair values. Impairment of long-lived assets is assessed at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows that are independent from other groups of assets. The evaluation of long-lived assets requires the Company to use estimates of future cash flows. However, actual cash flows may differ from the estimated future cash flows used in these impairment tests. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, management does not believe any of the Company’s long-lived assets were impaired.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In accordance with ASC 820, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. ASC 820 clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date.

Level 2 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs, where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. These inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own beliefs about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, based on the best information available in the circumstances.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of the contingent stock consideration (see Note 10) was based on the decision tree analysis method that considers the impact on project value of different scenarios at nominated decision points along the development path.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of the financial instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

There were no financial instruments that required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017. 

Goodwill and Intangibles

The Company evaluates goodwill and other finite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other.” Goodwill is recorded at the time of an acquisition and is calculated as the difference between the total consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Accounting for acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development (“IPR&D”). Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite life and is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. If the assumptions and estimates used to allocate the purchase price are not correct, or if business conditions change, purchase price adjustments or future asset impairment charges could be required. The value of our goodwill could be impacted by future adverse changes such as: (i) any future declines in our operating results, (ii) a decline in the valuation of technology, including the valuation of our common stock, (hi) a significant slowdown in the worldwide economy or (iv) any failure to meet the performance projections included in our forecasts of future operating results. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, the Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if the Company believes indicators of impairment exist. Impairment evaluations involve management estimates of asset useful lives and future cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the evaluations. It is possible, however, that the plans and estimates used may be incorrect. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analysis, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges in a future period.

The Company performs its annual impairment review of goodwill in September, and when a triggering event occurs between annual impairment tests for both goodwill and other finite-lived intangible assets. The Company recorded no impairment loss for the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016.

The Company’s other finite-lived intangible assets consist of license rights and patents. The Company amortizes its patents over the life of each patent and license rights over the remaining life of the patents that it has rights for. The current license rights have a remaining life of 13 years. During the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized $1,120,617, and $1,124,644, in amortization expense on the patents and license rights, respectively.

Research and Development 

Research and development expenses are expensed in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred in accordance with FASB ASC 730, Research and Development. Research and development expenses include salaries, related employee expenses, clinical trial expenses, research expenses, manufacturing expenses, consulting fees, and laboratory costs. The Company incurred net research and development expenses of $17,406,869, and $16,460,714, during the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Share-Based Compensation 

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Share-Based Payments” which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. The Company uses the BlackScholes pricing model for determining the fair value of stock options and the stock price on the date of issuance to determine the fair value of restricted stock awards.

In accordance with ASC 505, equity instruments issued to non-employees for goods or services are accounted for at fair value and are marked to market until service is complete or a performance commitment date is reached, whichever is earlier.

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the Company’s financial statements on a straight-line basis over the awards’ vesting periods. The stock-based compensation awards generally vest over a period of up to ten years.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. This method requires the reduction of deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the year as adjusted for items which are nonassessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company’s deferred tax assets relate to net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards that were derived from operating losses from prior years amounting to $62,353,148 and $40,779,002 respectively. A full valuation allowance has been applied to the Company’s deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance will be reduced when and if the Company determines it is more likely than not that the related deferred income tax assets will be realized.

In July, 2006, the FASB issued ASC 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a return. ASC 740 provides guidance on the measurement, recognition, classification and disclosure of tax positions, along with accounting for the related interest and penalties. Under this pronouncement, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that a position would more likely than not be sustained based upon its technical merit if challenged by the relevant taxing authority and taken by management to the court of the last resort. For tax positions meeting the more- likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the relevant tax authority. ASC 740 became effective for the Company as of July 1, 2008, and had no material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

The Company’s policy is to recognize both interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits expected to result in payment of cash within one year are classified as accrued liabilities, while those expected beyond one year are classified as other liabilities. The Company has not recorded any interest and penalties since its inception.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction and various state tax jurisdictions. The tax years for 2014 to 2016 remain open for examination by federal and/or state tax jurisdictions. The Company is currently not under examination by any other tax jurisdictions for any tax years.

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing losses attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing losses attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options and warrants.

For the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, all of the Company’s potentially dilutive securities (warrants and options) were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share as they were anti-dilutive. The total numbers of potentially dilutive shares that were excluded were 150,897 and 440,449 at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Going Concern

To date, the Company has no revenue from product sales and management expects continuing operating losses in the future. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had available cash and cash equivalents of $12.8 million, which it believes, is not sufficient to fund the Company’s current operating plan for twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements. Management expects to seek additional funds through equity or debt financings or through collaboration, licensing transactions or other sources. The Company may be unable to obtain equity or debt financings or enter into collaboration or licensing transactions and, if necessary, the Company will be required to implement cost reduction strategies. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued since the last audit of the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s management believes that these recent pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 3 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment at September 30, 2017 and 2016 consist of:

Depreciation expense for the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, was $45,072, and $64,632, respectively.

NOTE 4 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets at September 30, 2017 and 2016 consist of:

During the years ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, the Company recognized $1,120,617, and $1,124,644, respectively, in amortization expense on the patents.

The estimated future amortization of intangibles for the next five years is as follows:

NOTE 5 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

During the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company realized a gain of $70,757 and $710,264, respectively, related to the settlement of accounts payable balances.

NOTE 6 – NOTES PAYABLE

On February 28, 2016, the Company entered into a premium financing arrangement for its directors’ and officers’ insurance policy in the amount of $215,810. The financing arrangement bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum and is payable over a period of 10 months from issuance. The outstanding balance of the note at September 30, 2016 of $87,798 was fully paid during the year ended September 30, 2017.

On February 28, 2017, the Company entered into a premium financing arrangement for its directors’ and officers’ insurance policy in the amount of $261,326. The financing arrangement bears interest at 7.5% per annum. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had repaid $154,939 of principal and had paid interest of $7,297.

NOTE 7 – EQUITY

The Company intends to retain cash in order to continue to invest in the development and marketing of the business. Therefore, it does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

During fiscal 2017 and 2016, the Company issued 24,135,032 and 1,745,087 shares, respectively, of common stock primarily due to capital raised from sale of common stock and the issuance of restricted stock awards. Refer to Note 8 for further detail on issuances related to common stock warrants and options.

On December 11, 2015, the Board approved the achievement of Milestone 1 in connection with the SKS ophthalmology assets acquisition by the Company. As a result, the Company issued 497,859 shares of its common stock to SKS. The value of the stock issued was $2,061,136 as determined by the $4.14 per share closing sale price of the Company’s common stock on the date of Board approval. On July 12, 2016, the Board approved the achievement of Milestone 2, and as result, the Company issued an additional 497,859 shares of its common stock to SKS. The value of the stock issued was $1,364,134 as determined by the $2.74 per share closing sale price of the Company’s stock on the date of Board approval. Milestone 3 was not achieved, and thus, no shares were issued in association with this milestone.

In September 2017, an executive officer of the Company resigned. In accordance with his employment agreement, any nonvested shares of restricted stock issued in exchange for services are cancelled upon resignation. As of September 30, 2017, 15,000 shares of restricted stock were cancelled.

Public Offerings

On December 7, 2016, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with various purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the purchasers in a registered offering an aggregate of 3,885,000 shares of its common stock, together with Series A common stock purchase warrants (“Series A Warrants”) exercisable for up to an aggregate of 1,942,501 shares of common stock and Series B common stock purchase warrants (“Series B Warrants”) exercisable for up to an aggregate of 3,885,000 shares of common stock. The offering closed on December 13, 2016 and the Company received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Series A Warrants have an exercise price of $2.75 per share, are immediately exercisable, and will expire on the five year anniversary of the date of issuance. The Series B Warrants were immediately exercisable and expired on the six month anniversary of the date of issuance. No Series B Warrants were exercised prior to their expiration.

On April 5, 2017, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with various purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the purchasers in a registered offering an aggregate of 20,250,032 shares of its common stock, together with warrants (“Warrants”) exercisable for up to an aggregate of 14,175,059 shares of its common stock. The offering closed on April 10, 2017, and the Company received net proceeds of approximately $12.7 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses payable by the Company.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share. Following the one year anniversary of the date the Warrants are issued, the holders of the Warrants may exercise the Warrants through a cashless exercise, in whole or in part. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the five year anniversary of the date of the issuance.

NOTE 8 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s Consolidated 2016 Stock Plan (the “Plan”) provides for granting stock options and restricted stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company. A total of 5,833,334 shares have been authorized for issuance under the Plan. At September 30, 2017, the Company had 3,023,109 shares available for future grant. Upon share option exercise or issuance of restricted stock, the Company issues new shares to fulfill these grants. The Company previously maintained a 2014 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2009 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2016 Plan consolidated the 2014 Plan and the 2009 Plan into a new plan.

Common Stock Warrants

For all warrants included within permanent equity, the Company has determined the estimated value of the warrants granted to non-employees in exchange for services and financing expenses using the Black-Scholes pricing model. There were no warrants granted as stock based compensation during the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

During the year ended September 30, 2016, 15,278 shares of common stock were issued in connection with the exercise of warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock. The warrants were exercised at prices ranging from $1.50 through $1.95 per share for which $26,041 in cash was received by the Company. An additional 73,334 shares of common stock were also issued in connection with the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock. These warrants were exercised at a price of $1.62 per share and a receivable for $118,801 was recorded as of September 30, 2016 to account for cash proceeds not yet received at September 30, 2016. In October 2016 (during the year ended September 30, 2017), $118,801 in cash proceeds were received related to this receivable.

Below is a table summarizing the warrants issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and 2016: