NEW PEOPLES BANKSHARES INC - Annual Report: 2012 (Form 10-K)

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United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

Commission File Number 000-33411

New Peoples Bankshares, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (276) 873-7000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock – $2 Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15 (d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K Section 229.405 is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” , “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates, based on the last reported sales prices of $1.05 per share on the last business day of the second quarter of 2012 was $9,451,132.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 21,870,843 as of March 18, 2013.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

The Proxy Statement for New Peoples Bankshares, Inc’s 2013 Annual Meeting to Shareholders, is incorporated into Items 10 through 14 of this form 10-K.

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PART I

General

New Peoples Bankshares, Inc. (New Peoples) is a Virginia bank holding company headquartered in Honaker, Virginia. Prior to January 1, 2009, New Peoples was a financial holding company. Our business is conducted primarily through New Peoples Bank, Inc., a Virginia banking corporation (the Bank). The Bank has a division doing business as New Peoples Bank Financial Services which offers investment services through its broker dealer relationship with LPL Financial Services, Inc. NPB Insurance Services, Inc. (NPB Insurance) is a subsidiary of the Bank and offers insurance services only.

The Bank offers a range of banking and related financial services focused primarily on serving individuals, small to medium size businesses, and the professional community. We strive to serve the banking needs of our customers while developing personal, hometown relationships with them. Our board of directors believes that marketing customized banking services enables us to establish a niche in the financial services marketplace where we do business.

The Bank is headquartered in Honaker, Virginia and operates 23 full service offices in the southwestern Virginia counties of Russell, Scott, Washington, Tazewell, Buchanan, Dickenson, Wise, Lee, Smyth, and Bland; Mercer County in southern West Virginia and the eastern Tennessee county of Sullivan. The close proximity and mobile nature of individuals and businesses in adjoining counties and nearby cities in Virginia, West Virginia and Tennessee places these markets within our Bank’s targeted trade area, as well.

We provide professionals and small and medium size businesses in our market area with responsive and technologically enabled banking services. These services include loans that are priced on a deposit relationship basis, easy access to our decision makers, and quick and innovative action necessary to meet a customer’s banking needs. Our capitalization and lending limit enable us to satisfy the credit needs of a large portion of the targeted market segment. When a customer needs a loan that exceeds our lending limit, we try to find other financial institutions to participate in the loan with us.

Our History

The Bank was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia on December 9, 1997 and began operations on October 28, 1998. On September 27, 2001, the shareholders of the Bank approved a plan of reorganization under which they exchanged their shares of Bank common stock for shares of New Peoples common stock. On November 30, 2001, the reorganization was completed and the Bank became New Peoples’ wholly owned subsidiary.

In June 2003, New Peoples formed two new wholly-owned subsidiaries, NPB Financial Services, Inc. (currently named NPB Insurance Services, Inc.) and NPB Web Services, Inc. (NPB Web), a web design and hosting company.

NPB Insurance is a full-service insurance agency, dealing in personal and group life, health, and disability products. However, the Bank, through its division New Peoples Bank Financial services, offers fixed and variable annuities, fee based asset management and other investment products through a broker/dealer relationship with LPL Financial Services, Inc.

NPB Web is inactive.

In July 2004, NPB Capital Trust I was formed to issue $11.3 million in trust preferred securities.

In September 2006, NPB Capital Trust 2 was formed to issue $5.2 million in trust preferred securities.

Branch Locations

After a period of significant branch expansion between 2000 and 2008, we have consolidated some of our branch operations to improve efficiency. Currently, in addition to our headquarters in Honaker, Virginia we have 22 branches located in Abingdon, Virginia; Big Stone Gap, Virginia; Bland, Virginia; Bluefield, Virginia; Bristol, Virginia; Castlewood, Virginia; Chilhowie, Virginia; Clintwood, Virginia; Gate City, Virginia; Grundy, Virginia; Haysi, Virginia; Jonesville, Virginia; Lebanon, Virginia; Norton, Virginia; Pound, Virginia; Pounding Mill, Virginia; Tazewell, Virginia; Weber City, Virginia; Wise, Virginia; Bluewell, West Virginia; Princeton, West Virginia; and Kingsport, Tennessee.

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Our Market Areas

Our primary market area consists of southwestern Virginia, southern West Virginia and northeastern Tennessee. Specifically, we operate in the southwestern Virginia counties of Russell, Scott, Washington, Tazewell, Buchanan, Dickenson, Wise, Lee, Smyth, and Bland; Mercer County in southern West Virginia and the eastern Tennessee counties of Sullivan and Washington (collectively, the “Tri-State Area”). The close proximity and transient nature of individuals and businesses in adjoining counties and nearby cities in Virginia, West Virginia and Tennessee place these markets within our bank’s targeted trade area, as well.

Accessibility to Interstates I-77, I-81, I-26, I-64 and I-75 as well as major state and U.S. highways including US 19, US 23, US 58, US 460 and US 421 make the area an ideal location to serve markets in both the East and Mid-America. The area is strategically located midway between Atlanta-Pittsburgh, Charlotte-Cincinnati, and Richmond-Louisville, and is within a day’s drive of more than half of the U.S. population. A regional airport located in Bristol, Tennessee serves the area for commercial flights to and from major cities in the United States. General aviation airports accommodating small jet service include Lonesome Pine Regional Airport, Wise, VA; Lee County Airport, Jonesville, VA; Tazewell County Airport, Claypool Hill, VA; Virginia Highlands Airport, Abingdon, VA; and Mercer County Airport, Bluefield, WV. Rail service providers include CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railways.

The Tri-State Area has a diversified economy supported by natural resources, which include coal, natural gas, limestone, and timber; agriculture; healthcare; education; technology; manufacturing and services industries. Predominantly, the market is comprised of locally owned and operated small businesses. The area has also been named a technology corridor. Considerable investments in high-technology communications, high-speed broadband network and infrastructure have been made which has opened the area to large technology companies and future business development potential for new and existing businesses. The area is becoming known as one of the East Coast’s new centers for electronic information technology, energy, education and emerging specialty manufacturing. Leaders in their industries are taking advantage of the low cost of doing business, training opportunities, available workforce and an exceptional quality of life experience for employers and employees alike.

Internet Site

We have our internet banking site at www.newpeoplesbank.com. The site includes a customer service area that contains branch and ATM locations, product descriptions and current interest rates offered on deposit accounts. Customers with internet access can access account balances, make transfers between accounts, enter stop payment orders, order checks, and use an optional bill paying service.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Our SEC filings are filed electronically and are available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, any document we file with the SEC can be read and copied at the SEC’s public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of documents can be obtained at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. We also provide a link to our filings on the SEC website, free of charge, through our internet website www.npbankshares.com under “Investor Relations.”

Banking Services

General. We accept deposits, make consumer and commercial loans, issue drafts, and provide other services customarily offered by a commercial bank, such as business and personal checking and savings accounts, walk-up tellers, drive-in windows, and 24-hour automated teller machines. The Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System and its deposits are insured under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to the maximum limit.

Loans. Generally, we offer a full range of short-to-medium term commercial, 1-4 family residential mortgages and personal loans. Commercial loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital (including inventory and receivables), business expansion (including acquisition of real estate and improvements) and purchase of equipment and machinery. Consumer loans may include secured and unsecured loans for financing automobiles, home improvements, education, personal investments and other purposes.

Our lending activities are subject to a variety of lending limits imposed by state law. While differing limits apply in certain circumstances based on the type of loan or the nature of the borrower (including the borrower’s relationship to the Bank), in general, the Bank is subject to a loan-to-one borrower limit of an amount equal to 15% of its capital and surplus in the case of loans which are not fully secured by readily marketable or other permissible types of collateral. The Bank voluntarily may choose to impose a policy limit on loans to a single borrower that is less than the legal lending limit.

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We obtain short-to-medium term commercial and personal loans through direct solicitation of business owners and continued business from existing customers. Completed loan applications are reviewed by our loan officers. As part of the application process, information is obtained concerning the income, financial condition, employment and credit history of the applicant. If commercial real estate is involved, information is also obtained concerning cash flow after debt service. Loan quality is analyzed based on the Bank’s experience and its credit underwriting guidelines.

Loans by type as a percentage of total loans are as follows:

Commercial Loans. We make commercial loans to qualified businesses in our market area. Our commercial lending consists primarily of commercial and industrial loans to finance accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment. Commercial business loans generally have a higher degree of risk than residential mortgage loans, but have commensurately higher yields. Residential mortgage loans are generally made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be easily ascertainable. In contrast, commercial business loans typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from cash flow from its business and are secured by business assets, such as commercial real estate, accounts receivable, equipment and inventory. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself.

Further, the collateral for commercial business loans may depreciate over time and cannot be appraised with as much precision as residential real estate. To manage these risks, our underwriting guidelines require us to secure commercial loans with both the assets of the borrowing business and other additional collateral and guarantees that may be available. In addition, we actively monitor certain measures of the borrower, including advance rate, cash flow, collateral value and other appropriate credit factors.

Residential Mortgage Loans. Our residential mortgage loans consist of residential first and second mortgage loans, residential construction loans, home equity lines of credit and term loans secured by first and second mortgages on the residences of borrowers for home improvements, education and other personal expenditures. We make mortgage loans with a variety of terms, including fixed and floating or variable rates and a variety of maturities.

Under our underwriting guidelines, residential mortgage loans are generally made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from employment and other income and are secured by real estate whose value tends to be easily ascertainable. These loans are made consistent with our appraisal policies and real estate lending policies, which detail maximum loan-to-value ratios and maturities.

Construction Loans. Construction lending entails significant additional risks, compared to residential mortgage lending. Construction loans often involve larger loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Construction loans also involve additional risks attributable to the fact that loan funds are advanced upon the security of property under construction, which is of uncertain value prior to the completion of construction. Thus, it is more difficult to evaluate the total loan funds required to complete a project and related loan-to-value ratios accurately. To minimize the risks associated with construction lending, loan-to-value limitations for residential, multi-family and non-residential construction loans are in place. These are in addition to the usual credit analysis of borrowers. Management feels that the loan-to-value ratios help to minimize the risk of loss and to compensate for normal fluctuations in the real estate market. Maturities for construction loans generally range from 4 to 12 months for residential property and from 6 to 18 months for non-residential and multi-family properties.

Consumer Loans. Our consumer loans consist primarily of installment loans to individuals for personal, family and household purposes. The specific types of consumer loans that we make include home improvement loans, debt consolidation loans and general consumer lending. Consumer loans entail greater risk than residential mortgage loans do, particularly in the case of consumer loans that are unsecured, such as lines of credit, or secured by rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles. In such cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance as a result of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial

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collection efforts against the borrower. In addition, consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered on such loans. A borrower may also be able to assert against the Bank as an assignee any claims and defenses that it has against the seller of the underlying collateral.

Our underwriting policy for consumer loans seeks to limit risk and minimize losses, primarily through a careful analysis of the borrower. In evaluating consumer loans, we require our lending officers to review the borrower’s level and stability of income, past credit history and the impact of these factors on the ability of the borrower to repay the loan in a timely manner. In addition, we maintain an appropriate margin between the loan amount and collateral value.

Deposits. We offer a variety of deposit products for both individual and business customers. These include demand deposit, interest-bearing demand deposit, savings deposit, and money market deposit accounts. In addition, we offer certificates of deposit with terms ranging from 7 days to 60 months and individual retirement accounts with terms ranging from 12 months to 60 months.

Investment Services. We offer a variety of investment services for both individual and business customers. These services include fixed income products, variable annuities, mutual funds, indexed certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts, long term care insurance, employee group benefit plans, college savings plans, financial planning, managed money accounts, and estate planning. We offer these services through our broker-dealer relationship with LPL Financial Services, Inc.

Other Bank Services. Other bank services include safe deposit boxes, cashier’s checks, certain cash management services, direct deposit of payroll and social security checks and automatic drafts for various accounts. We offer ATM card services that can be used by our customers throughout Virginia and other regions. We also offer MasterCard and VISA credit card services through an intermediary. Electronic banking services include debit cards, internet banking, telephone banking and wire transfers.

We do not presently anticipate exercising trust powers, but we are able to provide similar services through our affiliation with LPL Financial Services, Inc.

Competition

The banking business is highly competitive. We compete as a financial intermediary with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market mutual funds and other financial institutions operating in the southwestern Virginia, southern West Virginia, and eastern Tennessee market area and elsewhere. Our market area is a highly competitive, highly branched banking market.

Competition in the market area for loans to small businesses and professionals, the Bank’s target market, is intense, and pricing is important. Many of our larger competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than we have. They offer certain services, such as extensive and established branch networks and trust services that we do not expect to provide or will not provide in the near future. Moreover, larger institutions operating in the market area have access to borrowed funds at lower costs than are available to us. Deposit competition among institutions in the market area also is strong. As a result, it is possible that we may pay above-market rates to attract deposits.

While pricing is important, our principal method of competition is service. As a community banking organization, we strive to serve the banking needs of our customers while developing personal, hometown relationships with them. As a result, we provide a significant amount of service and a range of products without the fees that customers can expect from larger banking institutions.

According to a market share report prepared by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC), as of June 30, 2012, the most recent date for which market share information is available, the Bank’s deposits as a percentage of total deposits in its major market areas were as follows: Russell County, VA – 27.98%, Scott County, VA – 35.52%, Dickenson County, VA – 27.93%, Tazewell County, VA – 8.52%, Smyth County, VA – 2.83%, Lee County, VA – 5.24%, Buchanan County, VA – 8.24%, Wise County, VA – 7.90%, City of Norton, VA – 14.15%, Bland County, VA – 24.58%, Washington County, VA – 2.65%, and the City of Bristol, VA – 2.33%, Mercer County, WV – 8.38%, and City of Kingsport, TN – 1.37%.

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Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we had 293 total employees, of which 278 were full-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we consider relations with employees to be excellent.

Supervision and Regulation

General. As a bank holding company, we are subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”), and the examination and reporting requirements of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). We are also subject to Chapter 13 of the Virginia Banking Act, as amended (“Virginia Act”). As a state-chartered commercial bank, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Virginia State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Financial Institutions (“BFI”). As a member of the Federal Reserve system, the Bank is also subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve. Other federal and state laws, including various consumer protection and compliance laws, govern the activities of the Bank, such as the investments that it makes and the aggregate amount of loans that it may grant to one borrower.

The following description summarizes the most significant federal and state laws applicable to New Peoples and its subsidiaries. To the extent that statutory or regulatory provisions are described, the description is qualified in its entirety by reference to that particular statutory or regulatory provision.

The Bank Holding Company Act. Under the BHCA, the Federal Reserve examines New Peoples periodically. New Peoples is also required to file periodic reports and provide any additional information that the Federal Reserve may require. Activities at the bank holding company level are generally limited to:

Thus, the activities we can engage in are restricted as a matter of law.

With some limited exceptions, the BHCA requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before:

As a result, our ability to engage in certain strategic activities is conditioned on regulatory approval.

In addition, and subject to some exceptions, the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring “control” of a bank holding company as defined in the statutes and regulations. These requirements make it more difficult for control of our company to change.

The Virginia Act. As a bank holding company registered with the BFI, we must provide the BFI with information concerning our financial condition, operations and management, among other reports required by the BFI. New Peoples is also examined by the BFI in addition to its Federal Reserve examinations. Similar to the BHCA, the Virginia Act requires that the BFI approve the acquisition of direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any Virginia bank or bank holding company like us.

Payment of Dividends. New Peoples is a separate legal entity that derives the majority of its revenues from dividends paid to it by its subsidiaries. The Bank is subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of dividends it can pay. In addition, both New Peoples and the Bank are subject to various regulatory restrictions relating to the

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payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain capital at or above regulatory minimums. Banking regulators have indicated that banking organizations should generally pay dividends only if the organization’s net income available to common shareholders over the past year has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The FDIC has the general authority to limit the dividends paid by FDIC insured banks if the FDIC deems the payment to be an unsafe and unsound practice. The FDIC has indicated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsound and unsafe banking practice. In October 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (“Richmond FRB”) restricted the Company from paying dividends without prior approval. It is therefore highly unlikely that the Company will pay any dividends at least until the Richmond FRB’s restriction is removed.

As the recession continues to impact asset quality and earnings at financial institutions as the above discussion states, the regulatory authorities have broad discretion to, and may, further restrict the payment of dividends by affected financial institutions and this could impact us.

Capital Requirements. The Federal Reserve has issued risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to banking organizations that it supervises. Under the risk-based capital requirements, the Bank and the Company are each generally required to maintain a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets (including certain off-balance sheet activities, such as standby letters of credit) of 8%. At least half of the total capital must be composed of “Tier 1 Capital”, which is defined as common equity, retained earnings and qualifying perpetual preferred stock, less certain intangibles. The remainder may consist of “Tier 2 Capital”, which is defined as specific subordinated debt, some hybrid capital instruments and other qualifying preferred stock and a limited amount of the loan loss allowance. These risk-based capital standards attempt to measure capital adequacy relative to the institution’s risk profiles. In addition, each of the federal banking regulatory agencies has established minimum leverage capital requirements for banking organizations. Under these requirements, banking organizations must maintain a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to adjusted average quarterly assets of between 3% and 5%, subject to federal bank regulatory evaluation of an organization’s overall safety and soundness. The principal objective of the leverage ratio is to constrain the degree to which an institution may leverage its equity capital base. In sum, the capital measures used by the federal banking regulators are:

Under these regulations, a bank will be:

The risk-based capital standards of the Federal Reserve explicitly identify concentrations of credit risk and the risk arising from non-traditional activities, as well as an institution’s ability to manage these risks, as important factors to be taken into account by the agency in assessing an institution’s overall capital adequacy. The capital guidelines also provide that an institution’s exposure to a decline in the economic value of its capital due to changes in interest rates be considered as a factor in evaluating a banking organization’s capital adequacy. Thus, the capital level of a bank can be of regulatory concern even if it is “well-capitalized” under the regulatory formula and a “well-capitalized” bank can be required to maintain even higher capital levels based on its asset quality or other regulatory concerns.

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The regulators may take various corrective actions with respect to a financial institution considered to be capital deficient. These powers include, but are not limited to, requiring the institution to be recapitalized, prohibiting asset growth, restricting interest rates paid or dividends, requiring prior approval of capital distributions by any bank holding company that controls the institution, requiring divestiture by the institution of its subsidiaries or by the holding company of the institution itself, requiring new election of directors, and requiring the dismissal of directors and officers. As discussed above, in October 2009 the Richmond FRB imposed a prohibition on the Bank paying dividends to preserve capital. Bank holding companies can be called upon to boost their subsidiary bank’s capital and to partially guarantee the institution’s performance under its capital restoration plan. If this occurs, capital which otherwise would be available for holding company purposes, including possible distributions to shareholders, would be required to be downstreamed to one or more subsidiary bank. In this respect, the Richmond FRB also notified New Peoples that we must defer dividends on our trust preferred issuances which we did as of October 2009. As of December 31, 2012, the Bank was “well capitalized,” with a Total Capital ratio of 12.88%; a Tier 1 Capital ratio of 11.60%; and a leverage ratio 7.08%.

In addition, under the terms of the Written Agreement, both the Company and the Bank have agreed to submit capital plans to maintain sufficient capital at the Company, on a consolidated basis, and the Bank, on a stand-alone basis, and to refrain from declaring or paying dividends without prior regulatory approval. The Company has agreed that it will not take any other form of payment representing a reduction in the Bank’s capital or make any distributions of interest, principal, or other sums on subordinated debentures or trust preferred securities without prior regulatory approval. The Company may not incur, increase or guarantee any debt without prior regulatory approval and has agreed not to purchase or redeem any shares of its stock without prior regulatory approval.

In December 2010, the Basel Committee released its final framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, now officially identified by the Basel Committee as “Basel III”. Basel III, when implemented by the U.S. banking agencies and fully phased-in, will require bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries to maintain substantially more capital, with a greater emphasis on common equity and more complex risk-weightings of assets. In addition, these requirements are likely to substantially increase the Company’s compliance costs and cause the Company’s capital accounts to become more variable. At this point, the U.S. banking regulators have not decided whether, or to what extent, the Basel III requirements will apply to community banks like the Company.

Other Safety and Soundness Regulations. There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries by federal law and regulatory policy that are designed to reduce potential loss exposure to the depositors of such depository institutions and to the FDIC insurance funds in the event that the depository institution is insolvent or is in danger of becoming insolvent. For example, the Federal Reserve requires a bank holding company to serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary depository institutions and to commit resources to support such institutions in circumstances where it might not do so otherwise. These requirements can restrict the ability of bank holding companies to deploy their capital as they otherwise might.

Interstate Banking and Branching. Banks in Virginia may branch without geographic restriction. Current federal law authorizes interstate acquisitions of banks and bank holding companies without geographic limitation. Bank holding companies may acquire banks in any state without regard to state law except for state laws requiring a minimum time a bank must be in existence to be acquired. The Virginia Act generally permits out of state bank holding companies or banks to acquire Virginia banks or bank holding companies subject to regulatory approval. These laws have the effect of increasing competition in banking markets.

Monetary Policy. The commercial banking business is affected not only by general economic conditions but also by the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve’s monetary policies have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. In view of unsettled conditions in the national and international economy and money markets, as well as governmental fiscal and monetary policies their impact on interest rates, deposit levels, loan demand or the business and earnings of the Bank is unpredictable.

Federal Reserve System. Depository institutions that maintain transaction accounts or nonpersonal time deposits are subject to reserve requirements. These reserve requirements are subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve. Because required reserves must be maintained in the form of vault cash or in a non-interest-bearing account at, or on behalf of, a Federal Reserve Bank, the effect of the reserve requirement is to reduce the amount of the institution’s interest-earning assets.

Transactions with Affiliates. Transactions between banks and their affiliates are governed by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. These provisions restrict the amount and provide conditions with respect to loans, investments, transfers of assets and other transactions between New Peoples and the Bank.

Loans to Insiders. The Bank is subject to rules on the amount, terms and risks associated with loans to executive officers, directors, principal shareholders and their related interests.

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Community Reinvestment Act. Under the Community Reinvestment Act, depository institutions have an affirmative obligation to assist in meeting the credit needs of their market areas, including low and moderate-income areas, consistent with safe and sound banking practice. The Community Reinvestment Act emphasizes the delivery of bank products and services through branch locations in its market areas and requires banks to keep data reflecting their efforts to assist in its community’s credit needs. Depository institutions are periodically examined for compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act and are periodically assigned ratings in this regard. Banking regulators consider a depository institution’s Community Reinvestment Act rating when reviewing applications to establish new branches, undertake new lines of business, and/or acquire part or all of another depository institution. An unsatisfactory rating can significantly delay or even prohibit regulatory approval of a proposed transaction by a bank holding company or its depository institution subsidiaries. A bank holding company will not be permitted to become a financial holding company and no new activities authorized under the GLBA (see below) may be commenced by a holding company or by a bank financial subsidiary if any of its bank subsidiaries received less than a “satisfactory” rating in its latest Community Reinvestment Act examination. The Bank received a rating of “Satisfactory” at its last Community Reinvestment Act performance evaluation, as of August 8, 2011.

Other Laws. Banks and other depository institutions also are subject to numerous consumer-oriented laws and regulations. These laws, which include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 and the Fair Housing Act, require compliance by depository institutions with various disclosure and consumer information handling requirements. These and other similar laws result in significant costs to financial institutions and create potential liability for financial institutions, including the imposition of regulatory penalties for inadequate compliance.

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLBA”) covers a broad range of issues, including a repeal of most of the restrictions on affiliations among depository institutions, securities firms and insurance companies.

For example, the GLBA permits unrestricted affiliations between banks and securities firms. It also permits bank holding companies to elect to become financial holding companies, which can engage in a broad range of financial services, including securities activities such as underwriting, dealing, investment, merchant banking, insurance underwriting, sales and brokerage activities. In order to become a financial holding company, a bank holding company and all of its affiliated depository institutions must be well-capitalized, well-managed and have at least a satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act rating. We converted to bank holding company status on January 1, 2009 from “financial holding company.” We believe we adequately provide the products and services our customers currently need or want as a bank holding company.

Essentially GLBA removed many of the limitations on affiliations between commercial banks and their holding companies and other financially related business that had been in place since the Depression. Recently, this effect of GLBA has been the subject of controversy and cited as one of the causes of the financial services crisis. As a result, The Dodd-Frank Act (as discussed later) addressed some of the criticized aspects of GLBA, but not in a way that would materially affect us.

The GLBA also provides that the states continue to have the authority to regulate insurance activities, but prohibits the states in most instances from preventing or significantly interfering with the ability of a bank, directly or through an affiliate, to engage in insurance sales, solicitations or cross-marketing activities.

USA Patriot Act. The USA Patriot Act provides for the facilitation of information sharing among governmental entities and financial institutions for the purpose of combating terrorism and money laundering. Regulatory authorities must consider the effectiveness of a financial institution’s anti-money laundering activities, for example, its procedures for effective customer identification, when reviewing bank mergers and acquisitions. Various other laws and regulations require the Bank to cooperate with governmental authorities in respect to counter-terrorism activities. Although it does create a reporting obligation and cost of compliance for the Bank, the USA Patriot Act has not materially affected New Peoples’ products, services or other business activities.

Privacy and Fair Credit Reporting. Financial institutions, such as the Bank, are required to disclose their privacy policies to customers and consumers and require that such customers or consumers be given a choice (through an opt-out notice) to forbid the sharing of nonpublic personal information about them with nonaffiliated third persons. The Bank also requires business partners with whom it shares such information to assure the Bank that they have adequate security safeguards and to abide by the redisclosure and reuse provisions of applicable law. In addition to adopting federal requirements regarding privacy, individual states are authorized to enact more stringent laws relating to the use of customer information. To date, Virginia has not done so. These privacy laws create compliance obligations and potential liability for the Bank.

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) is intended to increase corporate responsibility, provide enhanced penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties by publicly traded companies and to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities law. The changes required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its implementing regulations are intended to allow shareholders to monitor the performance of companies and their directors more easily and effectively.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act generally applies to all domestic companies, such as New Peoples, that file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act includes significant additional disclosure requirements and expanded corporate governance rules and the SEC has adopted extensive additional disclosures, corporate governance provisions and other related rules pursuant to it. New Peoples has expended, and will continue to expend, considerable time and money in complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. EESA was enacted in response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets.

Pursuant to EESA, the Department of the Treasury implemented the Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program (the “TARP Capital Purchase Program”) under which the Treasury agreed to make $250 billion of capital available to U.S. financial institutions in the form of preferred stock (from the $700 billion authorized by the EESA). Numerous requirements have been imposed on TARP participating financial institutions, particularly requirements related to executive compensation. We did not elect to apply to participate in TARP.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Deposit insurance Fund, as administered by the FDIC, to the maximum amount permitted by law. In October 2008, deposits at FDIC-insured institutions temporarily became insured up to at least $250,000 per depositor. The Dodd-Frank Act passed in 2010 made this increase permanent. In addition, it provides for unlimited federal deposit insurance until December 31, 2012 for non-interest bearing transaction accounts at all insured depository institutions. Due to the increased number of bank failures resulting from the credit crisis and severe recession, FDIC premiums have materially increased and are likely to increase further. This is a significant expense for us and is likely to continue to be.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law on July 21, 2010. Its wide ranging provisions affect all federal financial regulatory agencies and nearly every aspect of the American financial services industry. Among the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that directly impact the Company is the creation of an independent Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which has the ability to write rules for consumer protections governing all financial institutions. All consumer protection responsibility formerly handled by other banking regulators is consolidated in the CFPB. It will also oversee the enforcement of all federal laws intended to ensure fair access to credit. For smaller financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank, the CFPB will coordinate its examination activities through their primary regulators.

The Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions designed to reform mortgage lending, which includes the requirement of additional disclosures for consumer mortgages. In addition, the Federal Reserve has issued new rules that have the effect of limiting the fees charged to merchants for debit card transactions. The result of these rules will be to limit the amount of interchange fee income available explicitly to larger banks and indirectly to us. The Dodd-Frank Act also contains provisions that affect corporate governance and executive compensation.

Although the Dodd-Frank Act provisions themselves are extensive, the ultimate impact on the Company of this massive legislation is unknown. The Act provides that several federal agencies, including the Federal Reserve and the Securities and Exchange Commission, shall issue regulations implementing major portions of the legislation, and this process is ongoing.

Future Regulatory Uncertainty. Because federal and state regulation of financial institutions changes regularly and is the subject of constant legislative debate, New Peoples cannot forecast how regulation of financial institutions may change in the future and impact its operations. New Peoples fully expects that the financial institution industry will remain heavily regulated and that additional laws or regulations may be adopted further regulating specific banking practices.

Subsequent Events

We have considered subsequent events through the date of the financial statements in this Form 10-K.

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Not applicable.

Not applicable.

At December 31, 2012, the Company’s net investment in premises and equipment in service was $31.2 million. Our main office and operations center is located in Honaker, Virginia. This location contains a full service branch, and our administration and operations center.

The Bank owns all of its 23 full service branches, including its headquarter office. The location of these branches are described in Item 1.

The Bank owns a location in Dungannon, Virginia that half of the location was used for a branch location until its closure during 2010. The other half of the location is currently being leased. The Bank owns additional property in Princeton, West Virginia that is being developed for a future full service branch location, and currently serves as a loan administration office. The Princeton location is anticipated to operate as a full service branch in the distant future. During 2012, the Bank closed offices in Bristol, Pennington Gap, and Richlands, Virginia and Jonesborough, Tennessee. The Bristol office will be leased to the Bank’s subsidiary NPB Insurance Services, Inc. in 2013. The Pennington Gap property was sold in January 2013. The other two offices are vacant and may be used for future banking offices again in the future when the economy recovers.

We believe that all of our properties are maintained in good operating condition and are suitable and adequate for our operational needs.

In the course of operations, we may become a party to legal proceedings. We became aware of a lawsuit against the Bank in April 2010. This case involves a claim against the Bank by a joint venture between Bank customers, some of whom are former members of senior management, and three investors. The allegation is that the joint venture, VFI, should have priority over the Bank’s deed of trust in order for VFI’s unrecorded and unrecordable ground lease to be enforceable for its full ten year term. There are also additional claims for damages resulting from allegations that the Bank’s representatives imputed liability to the Bank based upon breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and collaboration. The parties agreed to litigate the ground lease issue first and are now in negotiations to resolve all pending issues due to the fact that the business associated with the building has ceased and the building is vacant. Attempts to mediate this matter have been unsuccessful and a pretrial hearing is set for April 2013. Management and Bank’s counsel believe VFI’s position is not supported by law or the facts presented.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Registrar and Transfer Company is the stock transfer agent for New Peoples Bankshares, Inc. The common stock of New Peoples is quoted on the Over The Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) under the symbol “NWPP”. The volume of trading of shares of common stock is very limited. Trades in our common stock occur sporadically on a local basis and typically small volumes of stock is traded.

The high and low prices at which our common stock has traded known to us for each quarter in the past two years are set forth in the table below. These prices are obtained through inquiry of shareholders transferring stock and by our listing on the OTCBB. Other transactions may have occurred at prices about which we are not aware.

The most recent sales price of which management is aware was $1.51 per share on March 8, 2013.

On March 18, 2013, there were approximately 4,476 shareholders of record.

In order to preserve capital to support our growth in the past we have not paid cash dividends. The declaration of dividends in the future will depend on our earnings and capital requirements and compliance with regulatory mandates. We are subject to certain restrictions imposed by the reserve and capital requirements of federal and Virginia banking statutes and regulations. Moreover, the Written Agreement we have with the banking regulators prohibits the Company from paying any cash dividends and the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. So long as these restrictions remain in place the Company will not pay any cash dividends. Thereafter, the Company may or may not pay cash dividends depending on various factors including capital needs, earnings, and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant. As a result, we do not anticipate paying a dividend on our common stock in 2013. See Note 3, Note 16 and Note 22 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of dividend limitations and capital requirements.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Caution About Forward Looking Statements

We make forward looking statements in this annual report that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward looking statements include statements regarding our profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy, and financial and other goals. The words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” or other similar words or terms are intended to identify forward looking statements. The forward-looking information is based on various factors and was derived using numerous assumptions. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ from projections include:

Because of these uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our future results. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

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General

The following commentary discusses major components of our business and presents an overview of our consolidated financial position at December 31, 2012 and 2011 as well as results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. This discussion should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and other statistical information presented elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

New Peoples generates a significant amount of its income from the net interest income earned by the Bank. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense. Interest income depends on the amount of interest-earning assets outstanding during the period and the interest rates earned thereon. The Bank’s interest expense is a function of the average amount of deposits and borrowed money outstanding during the period and the interest rates paid thereon. The quality of the assets further influences the amount of interest income lost on nonaccrual loans and the amount of additions to the allowance for loan losses. The Bank also generates noninterest income from service charges on deposit accounts and commissions on insurance and investment products sold.

Written Agreement

The Company and the Bank entered into a written agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and the Virginia Bureau of Financial Institutions. Under this Agreement, the Bank has agreed to develop and submit for approval within specified time periods written plans to: (a) strengthen board oversight of management and the Bank’s operation; (b) if appropriate after review, to strengthen the Bank’s management and board governance; (c) strengthen credit risk management policies; (d) enhance lending and credit administration; (e) enhance the Bank’s management of commercial real estate concentrations; (f) conduct ongoing review and grading of the Bank’s loan portfolio; (g) improve the Bank’s position with respect to loans, relationships, or other assets in excess of $1 million which are now or in the future become past due more than 90 days, which are on the Bank’s problem loan list, or which are adversely classified in any report of examination of the Bank; (h) review and revise, as appropriate, current policy and maintain sound processes for maintaining an adequate allowance for loan and lease losses; (i) enhance management of the Bank’s liquidity position and funds management practices; (j) revise its contingency funding plan; (k) revise its strategic plan; and (l) enhance the Bank’s anti-money laundering and related activities.

In addition, the Bank has agreed that it will: (a) not extend, renew, or restructure any credit that has been criticized by the Reserve Bank or the Bureau absent prior board of directors approval in accordance with the restrictions in the Agreement; (b) eliminate all assets or portions of assets classified as “loss” and thereafter charge off all assets classified as “loss” in a federal or state report of examination, which has been done.

The Company and the Bank have agreed to submit capital plans to maintain sufficient capital at the Company, on a consolidated basis, and the Bank, on a stand-alone basis, and to refrain from declaring or paying dividends without prior regulatory approval. The Company has agreed that it will not take any other form of payment representing a reduction in the Bank’s capital or make any distributions of interest, principal, or other sums on subordinated debentures or trust preferred securities without prior regulatory approval. The Company may not incur, increase or guarantee any debt without prior regulatory approval and has agreed not to purchase or redeem any shares of its stock without prior regulatory approval.

Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company and the Bank have appointed a committee to monitor compliance. The directors of the Company and the Bank have recognized and unanimously agree with the common goal of financial soundness represented by the Agreement and have confirmed the intent of the directors and executive management to diligently seek to comply with all requirements of the Written Agreement.

Written Agreement Progress Report

At December 31, 2012, we believe we have not yet achieved full compliance with the Agreement but we have made progress in our compliance efforts under the Agreement. We are aggressively working to comply with the Agreement and have timely submitted each required plan by its respective deadline. We have hired an independent consultant to assist us in these efforts and the following actions have taken place:

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In addition, training is a key initiative of both the Board of Directors and employees. Further training of the Board and employees has been implemented and will be ongoing.

A formal management succession plan has been developed and approved by the Board of Directors.

A newly revised strategic plan for the years 2013 through 2015 was completed and submitted to the regulators in January 2013.

In September 2012, we converted notes payable to two of our directors totaling $5.5 million plus accrued interest of $272 thousand to common stock. As a result of the conversion, New Peoples returned to well capitalized status at September 30, 2012.

In accordance with our capital plan, we began a common stock offering in July 2012 to existing shareholders followed by an offering to the public during the third and fourth quarters of 2012. The offering was closed on December 20, 2012 and proceeds of $12,061,257 were received on December 28, 2012. Upon receipt of the proceeds we injected $7.0 million of capital into the Bank. The remaining net proceeds are held at the Company and will be used for payment of operating expenses and, when permitted by regulatory authorities, the payment of deferred trust preferred interest. The remaining additional cash may be used for future capital injections, if needed; thus, providing a source of strength at the holding company level for the Bank. In addition, the conversion of the director notes to common stock and the recent stock offering included common stock warrants that may be exercised in the next five years and potentially provide additional capital if, and when, they are exercised. A total of 2,370,900 common stock warrants were outstanding as of December 31, 2012 with an exercise price of $1.75. Assuming all of these warrants are exercised before expiration, then an additional $4.1 million in capital would be provided by their exercise.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, a Senior Vice President and Senior Credit Officer was added to the credit administration function providing additional management experience to the credit function. Karen Wimmer reports directly to Chief Credit Officer Trescot and oversees the credit administration area of the Bank

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The credit analysis function has been restructured and is a part of credit administration. The credit analysis function is led by a Vice President/Senior Analyst, who supervises three analysts, of which, two analysts are CPA’s, the third has an MBA. The function reports directly to the Senior Vice President and Senior Credit Officer and is responsible for analyzing new and renewed loan relationships of $250 thousand or more prior to approval and conducting annual financial reviews of loan relationships of $500 thousand or more.

The appraisal review function, consisting of two Vice Presidents, one of which is an experienced licensed appraiser, and one administrative assistant, also reports directly to the Senior Credit Officer. The appraisal review function reviews the quality of appraisals on behalf of the Bank by reviewing the methods, assumptions, and value conclusions of internal and external appraisals. In addition, this data is used to determine whether an external appraiser should be utilized for future work.

Overview

At December 31, 2012, total assets were $719.0 million, total loans were $522.4 million, and total deposits were $652.9 million at December 31, 2012. The Company had a total net loss after tax of $6.3 million or $0.57 per basic share and per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to a net loss of $8.9 million, or $0.89 per basic and per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2011. The annualized return on average assets for the fiscal year 2012 was (0.86)% as compared to (1.07)% for the same period in 2011. The annualized return on average equity was (23.62)% for the fiscal year 2012 and (24.35)% for the same period in 2011. We did have a profitable fourth quarter in 2012 in which we made $212 thousand, the first profitable quarter since March 31, 2011.

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During the year 2012, we strategically decreased total assets, total loans and higher cost deposits to improve our capital position. In December 2012, the Company successfully completed a public offering of its common stock, which resulted in net proceeds of $11.4 million after $624 thousand of expenses related to the offering. Upon completion of the offering and receipt of proceeds, $7.0 million was injected in the Bank’s capital. As a result of this shrinking and capital injection, the Bank improved its capital position and maintained a well-capitalized status throughout 2012. The following Bank ratios existed at December 31, 2012 as compared to December 31, 2011, respectively: Tier 1 leverage ratio of 7.08% versus 5.99%; Tier 1 risk based capital ratio of 11.60% versus 9.28%; and total risk based capital ratio of 12.88% versus 10.56%.

Total assets decreased $61.4 million in 2012, or 7.86%, from $780.4 million at December 31, 2011. Total loans decreased $75.4 million in 2012, or 12.62%, from $597.8 million at December 31, 2011. This is the result of charge offs of $6.8 million during 2012, resolution of problem loans, slow economic recovery in our market area, decreased loan demand, tighter underwriting guidelines, and the intentional shrinking of the loan portfolio to increase regulatory capital ratios. Total deposits decreased $55.4 million, or 7.83%, from $708.3 million at December 31, 2011. The largest decrease in deposits has taken place in time deposits which have decreased from $445.7 million at December 31, 2011 to $372.5 million at December 31, 2011. This $73.2 million decrease in time deposits, or 16.42%, is the result of decreased interest rates offered in this very low interest rate environment.

For the year ending December 31, 2012, we experienced a net loss of $6.3 million as compared to a $8.9 million loss for the same period in 2011. In the year 2012, the net loss was primarily related to four areas: lower net interest income, provisions for loan losses, other real estate related expenses and a valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset. We maintained a strong net interest margin of 4.13% in 2012 as compared to 4.29% in 2011. However, the decreased volume of earning assets in 2012 and high levels of nonperforming assets decreased net interest income to $27.3 million in 2012 from $32.2 million in 2011. In 2012, we made $4.8 million in provisions for loan losses. Although lower than 2011’s total of $8.0 million, the level remains high. Expenses related to other real estate owned properties were $4.5 million in 2012. This category of expenses was less than the $5.6 million in 2011, but it remained a negative impact on earnings. We also incurred a valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset totaling $4.1 million during which has a direct impact on the net loss in 2012. We may be able to reverse the valuation allowance in the future as earnings improve resulting in taxable income to offset net loss tax carryforwards.

In May 2012, we closed four offices and merged them into existing nearby offices as a cost savings measure. This was the result of thorough branch analysis and performance evaluation. We continue to evaluate our branch network and operations to improve earnings.

The ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets lowered to 6.67% at December 31, 2012 as compared to 7.55% at December 31, 2011. Nonperforming assets, which include nonaccrual loans, other real estate owned and past due loans greater than 90 days still accruing interest, decreased during 2012. At December 31, 2012, nonperforming assets totaled $48.0 million as compared to $58.9 million at December 31, 2011 a reduction of $10.9 million, or 18.60%. The majority of these assets are commercial real estate and farmland real estate secured loans and other real estate owned properties. We still have some real estate development projects both inside and outside of our market area, but at reduced levels than in the past. These loans outside our market area are primarily in the coastal Carolinas; which amount to only $1.8 million at December 31, 2012 as compared to $2.5 million at December 31, 2011. In addition, there are also some similar projects located in Northeastern Tennessee and one in eastern West Virginia. We are undertaking extensive efforts to work out these credits and liquidate foreclosed properties. This will take some time, but overall we believe we are making progress.

During 2012, we have continued our progress in identifying the risks in our loan portfolio. In addition, we have continued to improve our lending policies and train our lending staff on these policies and procedures. Each of these steps are critical to minimize future losses and to strengthen asset quality of the Bank. Our allowance for loan loss at December 31, 2012 is $16.8 million, or 3.22% as compared to $18.4 million, or 3.07% at December 31, 2011. The provision for loan losses decreased to $4.8 million in 2012 as compared to $8.0 million in 2011. We continue to maintain a higher level in the allowance for loan loss in light of the current economic circumstances, including the anemic recovery and believe that this level is adequate. Future provisions may be deemed necessary, however. Net charge-offs year-to-date for 2012 as a percentage of total average loans improved to 1.14% as compared to 2.24% in 2011. Impaired loans decreased $26.6 million, or 28.98%, in 2012 to $65.2 million with an estimated allowance of $5.9 million for potential losses at December 31, 2012 as compared to $91.8 million in impaired loans with an estimated allowance of $6.0 million at the end of 2011.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Certain critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. Our most critical accounting policies relate to our provision for loan losses and the calculation of our deferred tax asset and valuation allowance.

The provision for loan losses reflects the estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our borrowers were to further deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, our estimates would be updated, and additional provisions could be required. For further discussion of the estimates used in determining the allowance for loan losses, we refer you to the section on “Provision for Loan Losses” in this discussion.

Our deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. If all or a portion of the net deferred tax asset is determined to be unlikely to be realized, a valuation allowance is established to reduce the net deferred tax asset to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. For further discussion of the deferred tax asset and valuation allowance, we refer you to the section on “Deferred Tax Asset and Income Taxes” in this discussion.

For further discussion of our other critical accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our Consolidated Financial Statements, found in Item 8 to this annual report on Form 10-K.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin

The Company’s primary source of income, net interest income, decreased $4.9 million, or 15.20% from 2011 to 2012. The decrease in net interest income is due primarily to a reduction in loans during 2012 and the level of nonearning assets, i.e. nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned properties. Loan interest income decreased $8.6 million, or 20.85%, from $41.2 million in 2011 to $32.6 million in 2012. Interest expense decreased $3.1 million, or 32.75%, from $9.6 million for the year ending 2011 to $6.5 million in 2012 as a result of deposits re-pricing at lower interest rates at maturity, and a shift in the deposit mix whereby our higher cost time deposits were replaced with lower cost deposit products. The net interest margin for the year ending December 31, 2012 was 4.13% as compared to 4.29% for the same period in 2011. We are trying to preserve the net interest margin, but we may experience some further decrease in the net interest margin as new and renewed loans are sometimes priced at lower market interest rates. Because of the tightening of our underwriting, loan pricing may be lower than historically; however, typically more conservative underwriting reduces the likelihood of future loan losses. Loan losses negatively impact earnings through various related expenses, for example, loan loss provisions, collection expenses, etc.

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The following table shows the rates paid on earning assets and deposit liabilities for the periods indicated.

Net interest income is affected by changes in both average interest rates and average volumes of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The following table sets forth the amounts of the total changes in interest income and expense which can be attributed to rate (change in rate multiplied by old volume) and volume (change in volume multiplied by old rate) for the periods indicated.

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Loans

Our primary source of income comes from interest earned on loans. Loan production slowed in 2012 as evidenced by total loans decreasing $75.4 million, or 12.62%, including net charge offs of $6.4 million. This is due to the resolution of problem loans, decreased loan demand, tighter underwriting guidelines, and the intentional shrinking of the loan portfolio to increase regulatory capital ratios. We continue to serve our customers, and although the total loan portfolio has been reduced, we continue to renew existing credits and make new loans to qualified borrowers as well. We anticipate some further decreases in the loan portfolio in the near future primarily as we reduce our exposure to certain credit and market risks and decrease nonperforming loans. Lending personnel are focused on developing new and existing lending relationships which should slow the pace of the reduction in total loans subject to the impact of the underperforming economy and heightened competition in the banking industry. Total loans decreased $75.4 million in 2012 from 2011. A schedule of loans by type is set forth immediately below. Approximately 81.75% of the loan portfolio is secured by real estate at the end of 2012.

Loans receivable outstanding are summarized as follows:

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Our loan maturities as of December 31, 2012 are shown in the following table:

The above table reflects the earlier of the maturity or re-pricing dates for loans at December 31, 2012. In preparing this table, no assumptions are made with respect to loan prepayments. Loan principal payments are included in the earliest period in which the loan matures or can be re-priced. Principal payments on installment loans scheduled prior to maturity are included in the period of maturity or re-pricing.

Provision for Loan Losses

The calculation of the allowance for loan losses is considered a critical accounting policy. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based upon management’s judgment and analysis. The following factors are included in our evaluation of determining the adequacy of the allowance: risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, current and historical loss experience, concentrations and internal and external factors such as general economic conditions.

The allowance for loan losses decreased to $16.8 million at December 31, 2012 as compared to $18.4 million at December 31, 2011. Even so, the allowance for loan losses at the end of 2012 was approximately 3.22% of total loans as compared to 3.07% at the end of 2011. Net loans charged off decreased in 2012 as they were $6.4 million, or 1.14% of average loans, compared to $14.7 million, or 2.24% of average loans, in 2011. The provision for loan losses also decreased to $4.8 million for 2012 as compared with $8.0 million for 2011.

We have experienced a decrease in loan delinquencies and nonaccrual loans in 2012. However, loans delinquent greater than 90 days still accruing interest and loans in non-accrual status present higher risks of default and loan losses. At December 31, 2012, there were 112 loans in non-accrual status totaling $33.5 million, or 6.42% of total loans down from the levels at December 31, 2011, in which there were 170 loans in non-accrual status totaling $42.3 million, or 7.08% of total loans. The amounts of interest that would have been recognized on these loans were $1.4 million and $1.3 million in the years 2012 and 2011, respectively. There were 15 loans past due 90 days or greater and still accruing interest totaling $511 thousand, or 0.10% of total loans at December 31, 2012 down from 47 loans past due 90 days or greater and still accruing interest totaling $1.5 million at year end 2011. It is our policy to stop accruing interest on a loan, and to classify that loan as non-accrual, under the following circumstances: (a) whenever we are advised by the borrower that scheduled payment or interest payments cannot be met, (b) when our best judgment indicates that payment in full of principal and interest can no longer be expected, or (c) when any such loan or obligation becomes delinquent for 90 days unless it is both well secured and in the process of collection. There were $20.0 million in loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2012, also an improvement, as compared to $29.1 million in loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2011. Of the loans classified as troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2012, $5.4 million were in non-accrual status, compared to $8.2 million at December 31, 2011. We do not have any commitments to lend additional funds to non-performing debtors.

Certain risks exist in the Bank’s loan portfolio. A majority of our loans are collateralized by real estate located in our market area. It is our policy to sufficiently collateralize loans to help minimize loss exposures in case of default. With the exception of real estate development type properties which have experienced more deterioration in market values, the local residential and commercial real estate market values have shown some deterioration but remain relatively stable. It is uncertain as to when or if local real estate values will be more significantly impacted. We do not believe that there will be a severely negative effect in our market area, but because of the uncertainty we deem it prudent to assign more of the allowance to these types of loans. Our market area is somewhat diverse, but certain areas are more reliant upon agriculture, coal mining and natural gas. As a result, increased risk of loan impairments is possible as the coal mining and natural gas industry have been negatively affected in the past year due to layoffs and environmental legislation. We do not foresee a major impact upon the Bank unless a severe downturn occurs which we believe is not highly likely. We are monitoring these industries. We consider these factors to be the primary higher risk characteristics of the loan portfolio.

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Commercial loans are initially risk rated by the originating loan officer. If deteriorations in the financial condition of the borrower and the capacity to repay the debt occur, along with other factors, the loan may be downgraded. This is to be determined by the loan officer. Guidance for the evaluation is established by the regulatory authorities who periodically review the Bank’s loan portfolio for compliance. Classifications used by the Bank are exceptional, very good, standard, acceptable, transitory risk, other assets especially mentioned, substandard, doubtful and loss. For the year 2012, we engaged a third party loan review firm to conduct semiannual loan reviews and have engaged them to perform this function in 2013 on a semiannual basis. Upon their review, loans risk ratings may change from the rating assigned by the respective lender. We have experienced fewer rating changes in more recent reviews indicating better risk identification for the loan portfolio in light of the experience from the severe recession.

In regards to its consumer loans and consumer real estate loan portfolio, the Company uses a conservative approach for its risk grading and timing of charge offs on these loans. This approach is based on the guidance found in the Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy and as a result affects our estimate of the allowance for loan losses. Under this approach when a consumer loan or consumer real estate loan is originated, it must possess qualities of a credit risk grade of Pass for approval and will remain with the initial risk rating through maturity unless there is a deterioration in the credit quality of the loan. Subsequently, if the loan becomes contractually 90 days past due or the borrower files for bankruptcy protection, it is downgraded to Substandard. At 90 days past due, or earlier if the customer has filed bankruptcy, the collateral value less estimated liquidation costs is compared to the loan balance to calculate any potential deficiency. If there is sufficient collateral, no charge-off is necessary. If there is a deficiency, then within 30 days of the loan becoming 90 days past due, or within 60 days of bankruptcy notice, the deficiency is charged-off against the allowance for loan loss. If the loan is unsecured, upon being deemed Substandard, the entire loan amount is charged off. Collection efforts continue by means of repossessions or foreclosures, and upon bank ownership, liquidation ensues.

All loans classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss are individually reviewed for impairment. In determining impairment, collateral for loans classified as substandard, doubtful and loss is reviewed to determine if the collateral is sufficient for each of these credits, generally through the review of the appraisal. If the appraisal is current, less than twelve months old, and has been reviewed, then if no negative information regarding the appraised value is obtained, the value is accepted, and impairment, if required is made. If the appraisal is not current, we perform a useful life review of the appraisal to determine if it is reasonable. If this review determines that the appraisal is not reasonable, then a new appraisal is ordered, in most cases. In determining the component of our allowance in accordance with the Contingencies topic of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC 450), we do not directly consider the potential for outdated appraisals since that portion of our allowance is based on the analysis of the performance of loans with similar characteristics, external and internal risk factors. We consider the overall quality of our underwriting process in our internal risk factors, but the need to update appraisals is associated with loans identified as impaired under the Receivables topic of the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC 310). If an appraisal is older than one year, a new external certified appraisal may be obtained and used to determine impairment. If an exposure exists, a specific allowance is directly made for the amount of the potential loss in addition to estimated liquidation and disposal costs. The evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. Impaired loans decreased to $65.2 million with $28.1 million requiring a valuation allowance of $5.9 million at December 31, 2012 as compared to $91.8 million with $30.0 million requiring a valuation allowance of $6.0 million at December 31, 2011. Of the $65.2 million recorded as impaired loans, $30.6 million were nonperforming loans, which includes nonaccrual loans and past due 90 days or more. Management is aggressively working to reduce the impaired credits at minimal loss.

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Following is a summary of non-accrual and past due loans greater than 90 days still accruing interest:

The above table includes $5.4 million and $8.2 million in nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, that have been classified as troubled debt restructurings. No troubled debt restructurings were past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. There were $20.0 million in loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2012, as compared to $29.1 million in loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of December 31, 2011.

In addition to impaired loans, the remaining loan portfolio is evaluated based on past due history, economic conditions, and internal processes. During 2011, we changed methodology of determining historical loss factors by applying our historical loss rates instead of a weighted approach that was based on the greater of Virginia peers or our own historical loss rates. Previously, we did not have sufficient historical loss rates for certain types of loans, but a loss trend has now developed and provides better support than previous data. Economic data currently used includes national and local regional unemployment information, local housing price changes, gross domestic product growth, and interest rates are external factors. Lastly, we also evaluate our internal processes of underwriting and consider the inherent risks present in the portfolio due to past and present lending practices. In the past, these factors were not directly allocated to a particular loan category and were considered unallocated in the breakdown data in the table below. During 2011, however, we further analyzed our loan portfolio and the various unallocated internal and external factors. From our analysis, we determined that certain unallocated factors were relevant to certain sectors of the loan portfolio and some to each sector. These factors were allocated accordingly. As economic conditions, performance of our loans and internal processes change, it is possible that future increases may be needed to the allowance for loan losses. The following table provides a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses.