NewHydrogen, Inc. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒      ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

☐      TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO __________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-54819

BIOSOLAR, INC.

(Name of registrant in its charter)

27936 Lost Canyon Road, Suite 202, Santa Clarita, California 91387

 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Issuer’s telephone Number: (661) 251-0001

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None.

Securities registered under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: common stock, par value $0.0001 per share

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☐   No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ☐   No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐   No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock of the issuer held by non-affiliates, computed by reference to the price at which the common stock was sold on June 30, 2017, was approximately $1,519,382.

The number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding, as of March 12, 2018 was 46,508,334. 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Overview

We are developing innovative technologies to increase the capacity and reduce the cost of storing electrical energy. We have previously developed an innovative material technology to reduce the cost per watt of electricity produced by Photovoltaic, or PV, solar modules.

We are currently working on a silicon anode additive material technology intended to drastically increase the storage capacity of current and future generation of lithium-ion batteries while lowering the cost of storing electrical energy. The lower cost of electrical energy storage will result in reduced cost per watt of electricity produced by PV solar modules as well.

Industry Overview

The solar industry relies on two distinctly different solar energy technologies. Solar energy can be converted directly into electricity using PV devices or into heat by solar thermal devices. PV devices convert sunlight directly into electricity through a photovoltaic cell, commonly called a solar cell, a non-mechanical device usually made from silicon alloys. Solar thermal devices, on the other hand, are typically used for directly heating swimming pools, heating water for domestic use, and space heating of buildings.

Our product development focus had been based on PV technology, thus we are currently a part of the PV segment of the industry. Photovoltaics is derived from the words photo, meaning light, and voltaic, meaning voltage producing. Sunlight, not heat, fuels photovoltaic cells. The cells, made mostly of the semiconductor silicon, convert sunlight directly into electricity.

With all of these PV panels being installed, there is still one major challenge that prevents solar from being a primary and reliable source of power – the sun does not shine at night. As a result, solar users will switch to using electricity from the local power company during the evening hours. This switch causes sudden spikes in power demand on the grid and creates havoc at the local power company because the grid is not designed to respond to rapid demand changes. The key to solving this problem is efficient electrical energy storage systems that can be charged and discharged rapidly, day in and day out. This will time-shift daytime solar energy for nighttime use with minimal reliance on the power grid.

According to a 2015 report by Solar Energy Industries Association, the demand for rooftop solar paired with energy storage systems will reach $1 billion in the U.S. by 2020, and will create pent up demand for cost effective solar energy storage solutions. Pairing solar panels with batteries means users can store power during the day and use it at night, reducing electricity bills. Those savings can be more significant for customers who pay higher rates for electricity during peak periods.

With a modern world running on electricity, the need for battery storage has never been greater. The ability to store energy, take it on the go, and use it later, has opened up a new world of “Killer Apps” such as long range electric vehicles, iPhones, and storage of renewable wind and solar energy for later use. The key to enabling these Killer Apps is better and lower cost batteries.

According to a 2014 report from Lux Research, the global energy storage market will rise to $50 billion by the year 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 8%. Much of the growth will be in electric vehicles, which will rise to $21 billion, followed by the incumbent consumer electronics segment such as iPhones, which will rise to $27 billion, with the remainder of $2.8 billion in stationary applications such as solar, backup power, and grid storage.

Research and Development

We developed robust bio-based components that meet the stringent thermal and durability requirements of current PV module manufacturing processes. We identified certain bio-based materials that are inherently durable, and we then applied proprietary material processes to enhance the desirable characteristics of these bio-based materials – turning them into robust and durable materials to be used as solar panel components.  Based on long term environmental testing performed by the Company, we believe our BioBacksheet^R is more durable than conventional petroleum based back sheets available in the market today.

The BioBacksheet^R successfully obtained Underwriters Laboratories’ (UL) material certification in February 2011.  This version of our back sheet is designed for conventional c-Si solar modules, which currently represents over 75 percent of solar modules produced in the world, as well as for certain thin film solar modules.  The relative thermal index (RTI) rating of 130° C by UL was issued during the 3rd quarter of 2012, and a number of PV panel manufacturers obtained certifications on their PV panels incorporating BioBacksheet^R for UL/IEC.  

A key ingredient of BioBacksheet^R is Nylon 11 derived from castor bean oil. We do not currently have an agreement with Arkema, Inc, a global producer of high performance materials including Nylon 11, for the supply of Nylon 11 and there is currently no other known supplier of Nylon 11. If Nylon 11 becomes unavailable in the future, alternative materials such as Nylon 1010 or Nylon 12 can be substituted, for which there are many known suppliers. The Company currently does not manufacture BioBacksheet^R, but the product is available for licensing.

We initially focused our energy storage development effort on high capacity cathode materials since most of today’s Li-ion batteries are “cathode limited.” With the goal of creating the company’s next generation super battery technology, we are currently investigating high capacity anode materials recognizing the fact that the overall battery capacity is determined by a combination of both cathode and anode. 

Silicon (Si) is one of the most promising anode materials being considered for next generation, high energy and high power lithium ion batteries (Li-Bs). However, Si anodes suffer from large capacity fading and tremendous volume changes during lithium-ion charge-discharge cycling. The strains due to the huge volume changes actually pulverizes the Si material and eventually lead to electrode shattering and delamination, which adversely affect the battery performance and cycle life. These are the primary challenges to the commercial use of Si for battery anodes, which the Company intends to overcome.

We are currently sponsoring a research program at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University to strengthen the engineering development efforts of its battery technology. Dr. Sung-Jin Cho, Assistant Professor in the Nanoengineering Department at the university, is the lead investigator of the sponsored research program.

Marketing Strategy

We will begin marketing our energy storage component material technology as soon as demonstration prototypes become available. Our marketing plan includes engaging with large Lithium-ion battery manufacturers, as well as identifying potential licensing partners in the following industries: electric vehicles, consumer electronics and grid electrical storage.

We are currently outsourcing our promotion efforts to a public relations firm that is assisting us with comprehensive advertising and promotion of the Company and its super cathode technology.

Backlog of Orders

We do not have any backlog of orders.

Government Contracts

We do not have any government contracts at this time.

Compliance with Environmental Laws and Regulations

Our operations are subject to local, state and federal laws and regulations governing environmental quality and pollution control. To date, our compliance with these regulations has had no material effect on our operations, capital, earnings, or competitive position, and the cost of such compliance has not been material. We are unable to assess or predict at this time what effect additional regulations or legislation could have on our activities.

Manufacturing and Distribution

We currently do not have any mechanism for the manufacture and distribution of our BioBacksheet^R, nor do we have adequate financing to undertake these efforts on our own. BioBacksheet^R is currently available for licensing.

Intellectual Property

On May 19, 2011, we filed a U.S. patent to protect the intellectual property rights for “Photovoltaic Module Backsheet, Materials for Use in Module Backsheet and Process for Making the Same,” application number 13/093,549.  The inventor listed on the patent application is Stanley Levy, our Chief Technology Officer.  The Company is listed as assignee. This patent was issued on July 14, 2015.

On June 23, 2015, we filed a provisional U.S. patent to protect the intellectual property rights for “High Capacity Cathode for Use in Supercapacitors and Batteries and Method for Manufacturing Such Cathodes”, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62-175,912. The inventors listed on the patent application are David Vonlanthen, Alan J. Heeger, David Lee, our Chief Executive Officer, and Stanley Levy, our Chief Technology Officer. The University of California, Santa Barbara (“UCSB”) and the Company are listed as assignees. In June 2016, we followed up by filing a joint international patent application (PCT) with UCSB.

On March 20, 2017, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University filed a provisional U.S. patent application U.S. Serial No. 62/473,772 titled “Silicon Iron Lithium Nanocomposite for Lithium Ion Batteries, and we signed an Exclusive License Agreement for the use of the technology on September 25, 2017.

We rely upon confidentiality agreements signed by our employees, consultants and third parties to protect our intellectual property.

Competition

There are a number of companies manufacturing lithium-ion batteries including: Panasonic, Samsung, LG Chem, and Tesla. We plan to seek licensing arrangements for our lithium-ion battery technology with a select group of companies such as the ones listed above, and do not expect to be their direct competition.

Technology Development Partners

The Company has entered into a research agreement, effective August 17, 2016 (the “Agreement”), with North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, a constituent member of the University of North Carolina system (the “University”), pursuant to which the Company sponsors the University’s project which includes the research, testing and evaluation of a proposal. Total costs to the Company are not to exceed the sum of $123,993. The Agreement shall continue for the contract period, which is from September 12, 2016 through September 11, 2017. The Agreement may be extended upon mutual agreement by the parties and may be terminated due to the inability of the principal investigator to continue the project, and a mutually acceptable substitute is not available, or upon thirty (30) days prior written notice by either party to the other. On September 11, 2017, the Company and the University extended the initial term of the Agreement for another twelve months, through September 11, 2018.

On September 28, 2017, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with the University related to the use of the University’s intellectual property in the Company’s business of developing, producing and marketing lithium-ion batteries.

Within thirty (30) days after entering into the License Agreement, the Company paid to the University a one-time, non-refundable license fee in the sum of $15,000. Pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay all costs of preparing, filing, prosecution, issuance and maintenance related to the patents underlying the intellectual property licensed by the Company. In addition, the Company is obligated to make certain royalty payments and sub-licensing fees.

To assist us in the development of our technology, we intend to seek out and enter into technology development agreements with other entities with battery testing and materials expertise.

Corporate Information and History

We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on April 24, 2006, as BioSolar Labs, Inc. Our name was changed to BioSolar, Inc. on June 8, 2006. Our principal executive offices are located at 27936 Lost Canyon Road, Suite 202, Santa Clarita, California 91387, and our telephone number is (661) 251-0001. Our fiscal year end is December 31.

EMPLOYEES

As of March 12, 2018, we had one (1) full time employee. We have not experienced any work stoppages and we consider relations with our employees to be good. 

WE HAVE A LIMITED HISTORY OF LOSSES AND HAVE NEVER REALIZED REVENUES TO DATE.

Since inception, we have incurred losses and have negative cash flows from operations and have realized only minimal revenues. From inception through December 31, 2017, we have an accumulated deficit of approximately $7,654,535. These factors, among others discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements included in this Annual Report, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We expect to continue to incur net losses until we are able to realize revenues to fund our continuing operations. We may fail to achieve any or significant revenues from sales or achieve or sustain profitability. Accordingly, there can be no assurance of when, if ever, we will be profitable or be able to maintain profitability.

WE ARE A DEVELOPMENT STAGE COMPANY AND MAY BE UNABLE TO MANAGE OUR GROWTH OR IMPLEMENT OUR EXPANSION STRATEGY IF WE ARE ABLE TO LAUNCH OUR PRODUCT AND SERVICE OFFERINGS.

We are a development stage company that was formed on April 24, 2006 and may not be able to launch our product and service offerings or implement the other features of our business strategy at the rate or to the extent presently planned. If we are able to launch our product and service offerings, our projected growth will place a significant strain on our administrative, operational and financial resources. If we are unable to successfully manage our future growth, establish and upgrade our operating and financial control systems, recruit and hire necessary personnel or effectively manage unexpected expansion difficulties, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP AND COMMERCIALIZE OUR TECHNOLOGIES WHICH WOULD RESULT IN CONTINUED LOSSES.

While we have made progress in the development of our products, we have generated only minimal revenues and are unable to project when we will achieve profitability, if at all. As is the case with any new technology, we are a development stage company and expect the development process to continue. We may not be able to develop our product offering, develop a customer base and markets, or implement the other features of our business strategy at the rate or to the extent presently planned. Growth beyond the product development stage will place a significant strain on our administrative, operational and financial resources. In addition, our operations will not be able to move out of the development stage without additional funding.

OUR REVENUES ARE DEPENDENT UPON ACCEPTANCE OF OUR PRODUCTS BY THE MARKET; THE FAILURE OF WHICH WOULD CAUSE TO CURTAIL OR CEASE OPERATIONS.

We believe that virtually all of our revenues will come from the sale or license of our products. As a result, we will continue to incur substantial operating losses until such time as we are able to sell and license our products from the sale or license of our products. There can be no assurance that businesses and customers will adopt our technology and products, or that businesses and prospective customers will agree to pay for or license our products. In the event that we are not able to significantly increase the number of customers that purchase or license our products, or if we are unable to charge the necessary prices or license fees, our financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

WE DO NOT MAINTAIN THEFT OR CASUALTY INSURANCE, AND ONLY MAINTAIN MODEST LIABILITY AND PROPERTY INSURANCE COVERAGE AND THEREFORE WE COULD INCUR LOSSES AS A RESULT OF AN UNINSURED LOSS.

We do not maintain theft or casualty insurance and we have modest liability and property insurance coverage. We cannot assure you that we will not incur uninsured liabilities and losses as a result of the conduct of our business. Any such uninsured or insured loss or liability could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

IF WE LOSE KEY EMPLOYEES AND CONSULTANTS OR ARE UNABLE TO ATTRACT OR RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER.

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified scientific, engineering and management personnel. We are highly dependent on our sole officer, Dr. David Lee, who has been critical to the development of our technologies and business. The loss of the services of Dr. Lee could have a material adverse effect on our operations. We do not have an employment agreement with Dr. Lee and do not maintain key man insurance with respect to Dr. Lee. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that he will remain associated with us. His efforts will be critical to us as we continue to develop our technology and as we attempt to transition from a development stage company to a company with commercialized products and services. If we were to lose Dr. Lee, or any other key employees or consultants, we may experience difficulties in competing effectively, developing our technology and implementing our business strategies.

THE LOSS OF STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS USED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY COULD IMPEDE OUR ABILITY TO COMPLETE OUR PRODUCT.

We may rely on strategic relationships with technology development partners to provide personnel, and expertise in the research and development of our technology and manufacturing process underlying our product. A loss of these relationships for any reason could cause us to experience difficulties in completing the development of our product and implementing our business strategy. There can be no assurance that we could establish other relationships of adequate expertise in a timely manner or at all.

OUR PATENT APPLICATION FOR OUR TECHNOLOGY IS PENDING AND THERE IS NO ASSURANCE THAT THIS APPLICATION WILL BE GRANTED. FAILURE TO OBTAIN THE PATENT FOR OUR APPLICATION COULD PREVENT US FROM SECURING ROYALTY PAYMENTS IN THE FUTURE, IF APPROPRIATE.

We have filed a US patent to protect our intellectual property rights on BioBacksheet, “Photovoltaic Laminated Module Backsheet, Material for Use In Module Backsheet and Process for Making the Same,” and this patent application was granted on July 14, 2015.

We have filed a patent to protect the intellectual property rights on our battery technology, “A Multicomponent Approach to Enhance Stability and Capacitance in Polymer-Hybrid Supercapacitors.”  To date this patent application has not been granted. We cannot be certain that this will be granted nor can we be certain that other companies have not filed for patent protection for this technology before us. Even if we are granted patent protection for our technology, there is no assurance that we will be in a position to enforce our patent rights. Failure to be granted patent protection for our technology could result in greater competition or in limited royalty payments. This could result in inadequate revenue and cause us to cease operations.

OUR CURRENT AND POTENTIAL COMPETITORS, SOME OF WHOM HAVE GREATER RESOURCES THAN WE DO, MAY DEVELOP PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAY CAUSE DEMAND FOR, AND THE PRICES OF, OUR PRODUCTS TO DECLINE.

While there are a number of companies manufacturing components for PV devices and electrical energy storage devices, we do not know of any employing the use of bio-based materials or polymer-based supercapacitor designs. We may face competition from these companies as they may expand or combine with other combines to extend their product offering to incorporate bio-based materials. In addition, other companies may enter our markets by acquiring or entering into strategic relationships with our competitors. Current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the abilities of their PV components to address the needs of our prospective customers.

Many of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, product development and marketing resources, greater name recognition and larger customer bases than we do. Our present or future competitors may be able to develop products comparable or superior to those we offer, adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies, evolving industry trends and standards or customer requirements, or devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than we do. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete effectively in our markets, competition may intensify and future competition may harm our business.

WE ARE CONTROLLED BY CURRENT OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS.

Our directors, executive officers and principal stockholders and their affiliates beneficially own approximately 38.9% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2017. Accordingly, our executive officers, directors, principal stockholders and certain of their affiliates will have the ability to control the election of our Board of Directors and the outcome of matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

BECAUSE THERE IS A LIMITED MARKET IN OUR COMMON STOCK, STOCKHOLDERS MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY IN SELLING OUR COMMON STOCK AND OUR COMMON STOCK MAY BE SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT PRICE SWINGS.

There is a very limited market for our common stock. Since trading commenced in February 2007, there has been little activity in our common stock and on some days there is no trading in our common stock. Because of the limited market for our common stock, the purchase or sale of a relatively small number of shares may have an exaggerated effect on the market price for our common stock. We cannot assure stockholders that they will be able to sell common stock or, that if they are able to sell their shares, that they will be able to sell the shares in any significant quantity at the quoted price.

IF WE FAIL TO REMAIN CURRENT ON OUR REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, WE COULD BE REMOVED FROM THE OTC BULLETIN BOARD WHICH WOULD LIMIT THE ABILITY OF BROKER-DEALERS TO SELL OUR SECURITIES AND THE ABILITY OF STOCKHOLDERS TO SELL THEIR SECURITIES IN THE SECONDARY MARKET.

Securities traded on the OTCQB must be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the issuer must be current with its filings pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended in order to maintain price quotation privileges on the OTCQB. If we fail to remain current in our reporting requirements, we could be removed from the OTCQB. As a result, the market liquidity for our securities could be severely adversely affected by limiting the ability of broker-dealers to sell our securities and the ability of stockholders to sell their securities in the secondary market. In addition, we may be unable to get re-listed on the OTCQB, which may have an adverse material effect on our Company.

OUR COMMON STOCK IS SUBJECT TO THE “PENNY STOCK” RULES OF THE SEC AND THE TRADING MARKET IN OUR SECURITIES IS LIMITED, WHICH MAKES TRANSACTIONS IN OUR STOCK CUMBERSOME AND MAY REDUCE THE VALUE OF AN INVESTMENT IN OUR STOCK.

The Securities and Exchange Commission has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require:

In order to approve a person’s account for transactions in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must:

The broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the Commission relating to the penny stock market, which, in highlight form:

Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.

Disclosure also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.

WE DO NOT EXPECT TO PAY DIVIDENDS IN THE FUTURE; ANY RETURN ON INVESTMENT MAY BE LIMITED TO THE VALUE OF OUR COMMON STOCK.

We do not currently anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our Common Stock will depend on earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting it at such time as the board of directors may consider relevant. Our current intention is to apply net earnings, if any, in the foreseeable future to increasing our capital base and development and marketing efforts. There can be no assurance that the Company will ever have sufficient earnings to declare and pay dividends to the holders of our Common Stock, and in any event, a decision to declare and pay dividends is at the sole discretion of the our Board of Directors. If we do not pay dividends, our Common Stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if its stock price appreciates. 

Our headquarters are located at 27936 Lost Canyon Road, Suite 202, Santa Clarita, California 91387. We lease our facility under a month to month lease without an expiration date. Our monthly lease payment is $550. The size of our office is 144 square feet.

We are not currently a party to, nor are any of our property currently the subject of, any pending legal proceeding that will have a material adverse effect on our business.

N/A

PART II

On February 22, 2007, our common stock became eligible for quotation on the OTC Bulletin Board under the ticker symbol “BSRC” and is currently quoted on the OTCQB maintained by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. under the ticker symbol “BSRC”.

For the periods indicated, the following table sets forth the high and low bid prices per share of common stock. These high and low bid prices represent prices quoted by broker-dealers on the OTCQB. These prices represent inter-dealer quotations without retail markup, markdown, or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

Common Stock

As of March 12, 2018, our common stock was held by 76 stockholders of record and we had 46,508,334 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. We believe that the number of beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a significant portion of our outstanding common stock is held of record in broker street names for the benefit of individual investors.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deem relevant. There are no restrictions in our articles of incorporation or bylaws that restrict us from declaring dividends.

Transfer Agent

The Company’s registrar and transfer agent is Computershare Trust Company N.A., P.O. Box 43070, Providence, RI 02940-3070.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plan

We currently do not have an equity compensation plan.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

N/A

Special Note on Forward-Looking Statements.

Certain statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation” below, and elsewhere in this annual report, are not related to historical results, and are forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements present our expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements frequently are accompanied by such words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other words and terms of similar meaning. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements, or timeliness of such results. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such forward-looking statements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this annual report. Subsequent written and oral forward looking statements attributable to us or to persons acting in our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements and risk factors set forth below and elsewhere in this annual report, and in other reports filed by us with the SEC.

You should read the following description of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Annual Report beginning on page F-1.

Overview

We are engaged in the development of innovative technologies and materials that we believe will reduce the cost per watt of electricity generated by Photovoltaic (PV) solar modules and the cost per watt of storing electrical energy.

Our current focus is on developing technologies and materials for storing electrical energy.  We are currently investigating high capacity silicon alloy anode materials recognizing the fact that the overall battery capacity is determined by combination of both cathode and anode. We are focusing our research and product development efforts on increasing the storage capacity as well as lowering the cost of storage compared to existing electrical storage devices.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses decreased by $432,380 to $1,663,058 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $2,095,438 for the prior period December 31, 2016. This decrease in G&A expenses was the result of an decrease in non-cash stock compensation expense of $306,533, decrease in investor relations of $48,713, decrease in professional fees of $22,907, decrease in salaries of $35,200, decrease in insurance expense of $18,050, with an overall decrease of $975 in other G&A expenses.

Research and Development

Research and Development (“R&D”) expenses decreased by $50,575 to $176,306 for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $226,881 for the prior period ended December 31, 2016. This overall decrease in R&D expenses was the result of a decrease in corporate outside services, with an increase in consultant fees.

Other Income/(Expenses)

Other income and (expenses) decreased by $3,461,495 to $(936,292)) for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $2,525,203 for the year period ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was the result of an decrease in non-cash gain on change in fair value of the derivative instruments of $3,721,294, interest expense in the amount of $259,819, which includes amortization of debt discount in the amount of $297,700, and interest income of $20. The decrease in other income and (expenses) was primarily due to the non-cash net change in derivatives for our outstanding convertible promissory notes.

Net Income/(Loss)

Our net income (loss) increased by $(2,984,823) to $(2,785,024) for the year ended December 31, 2017, compared to $199,799 for the prior period ended December 31, 2016. The increase in net loss was due to an decrease in non-cash other income (expenses) associated with the net change in derivatives, and an overall decrease in operating expenses due to the non-cash stock compensation expense.  The Company has not generated any revenues.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of December 31, 2017, we had $5,941,190 in working capital deficit as compared to $5,396,611 for the prior year ended December 31, 2016. The increase of $544,579 in working capital deficit was due primarily to an decrease in cash, and prepaid expenses, with an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses, convertible debt, and derivative liability.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company used $560,483 of cash for operating activities, as compared to $671,864 for the prior year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in the use of cash for operating activities was a result of a decrease in net loss from operations, which included a decrease in office salaries, research and development, and professional fees comparing December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2016. The Company is focused on development of its Photovoltaic solar cells technology.

Cash used in investing activities was $700 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to cash used in investing activities of $7,117 for the prior year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in cash used in investing activities was due to the cost of patents and the purchase of office equipment in the prior year.

Cash provided from financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $472,000 as compared to $685,000 for the prior year ended December 31, 2016. Our capital needs have primarily been met from the proceeds of private placements, as we are currently in the development stage and have no revenues.

Our financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern. Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued their report dated March 19, 2018 that included an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt in our ability to continue as a going concern without additional capital becoming available. Our ability to continue as a going concern ultimately is dependent on our ability to generate a profit which is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional equity or debt financing, attain further operating efficiencies and, ultimately, to achieve profitable operations. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

PLAN OF OPERATION AND FINANCING NEEDS

We are engaged in the development of innovative technologies that we believe will reduce the cost per watt of electricity generated by Photovoltaic solar modules.  We have previously developed BioBacksheet^R, our first commercial product, and we are currently focusing on developing a silicon anode additive material technology for lithium-ion batteries by 2019.

Our plan of operation within the next six months is to utilize our cash balances to finish developing our silicon anode additive material technology for high capacity and low cost Lithium-ion batteries.  We believe that our current cash and investment balances will be sufficient to support development activity and general and administrative expenses for the next four months. Management estimates that it will require additional cash resources during 2018, based upon its current operating plan and condition. We expect increased expenses during the third quarter of 2018 as we ramp up prototyping efforts for Lithium-ion batteries incorporating our silicon-based anode material.  We will be investigating additional financing alternatives, including equity and/or debt financing. There is no assurance that capital in any form would be available to us, and if available, on terms and conditions that are acceptable. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funds during the next fifteen months, we may be forced to reduce the size of our organization, which could have a material adverse impact on, or cause us to curtail and/or cease the development of our products.

All financial information required by this Item is attached hereto at the end of this report beginning on page F-1 and is hereby incorporated by reference.

None. 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

As of December 31, 2017, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in our periodic reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified for each report and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a - 15(f). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and the Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework - Guidance for Smaller Public Companies (the COSO criteria). Based on our assessment we believe that, as of December 31, 2017, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

This annual report does not include an attestation report by Liggett & Webb P.A., our independent registered public accounting firm, regarding internal control over financial reporting.  Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permits the Company to only provide management’s report in this Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

PART III

The following table sets forth information about our executive officers, key employees and directors.

The Directors of the Company are elected by the vote of a majority in interest of the holders of the voting stock of the Company and hold office until the expiration of the term for which he or she was elected and until a successor has been elected and qualified.

A majority of the authorized number of directors constitutes a quorum of the Board for the transaction of business. The directors must be present at the meeting to constitute a quorum. However, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board individually or collectively consent in writing to the action.

Directors receive compensation for their services and reimbursement for their expenses as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. Currently, our directors do not receive monetary compensation for their service on the Board of Directors.

Officers are appointed to serve for one year until the meeting of the board of directors following the annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors have been elected and qualified.

The principal occupations for the past five years (and, in some instances, for prior years) of each of our executive officers and directors, followed by our key employees, are as follows:

David Lee - Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chief Financial Officer and Director of the Company since inception (April 24, 2006). Dr. Lee has over 30 years of engineering, marketing, sales, and corporate management experience in the areas of military and consumer communication systems, automotive electronics, software development and consulting.  From 2004 to 2006, he was with Ramsey-Shilling Co. in the business of Commercial Real Estate Investment and Brokerage.  From 2000 to 2004, he served as Chief Operating Officer for Applied Reasoning, Inc., a Delaware company engaged in the business of Internet Software Development. From 1994 to 2000, he served as Vice Present and General Manager for RF-Link Technology, Inc., a California company engaged in the business of Wireless Technology Development and Manufacturing. Dr. Lee received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University in 1989, a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from University of Michigan in 1986 and a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1984. The Board of Directors has concluded that Dr. Lee is qualified to serve as a director of the Company because of his diverse experience in technology, marketing, and executive management.

Stanley Levy - Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of the Company since August 2007. Dr. Levy has over 50 years of engineering and technical experience in the areas of plastics and film development. Dr. Levy spent 27 years at DuPont working on many of their premiere films, including Teflon, Mylar and Kapton. He holds 12 patents, his work has been published in numerous technical publications and he has received several awards for technical excellence. Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Levy was a consultant on module packaging for photovoltaic manufacturing companies including Global Solar, MiaSole, and Solar Integrated Technologies. In addition, he is a member of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Thin Film PV Module Reliability Team. Dr. Levy holds a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Connecticut, a Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Connecticut and a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Rhode Island.

Steven C. Bartling – Director since May 11, 2006. Steven C. Bartling has over 30 years of engineering and corporate management experience in the areas of ultra-high performance digital CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) circuit design, high performance microprocessor architecture/design, systems on a chip, packaging, and testing. From 2002 to the present, Mr. Bartling has been employed by Texas Instruments, Inc. in advanced research and development activities for various TI internal businesses and is currently serving as MCU Technology Development Manager for TI’s Micro-Controller Division. From 2001 to 2002, he served as Director of Custom Design for Celerence, an Oregon company engaged in the business of Optical Communication Networking. Mr. Bartling received a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1987 and a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1985.  We concluded that Mr. Bartling’s wealth of technical and business experience he gained through his successful technical and corporate management career made him qualified to serve on the Board of Directors.  Mr. Bartling does not currently hold any other directorship. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. Bartling is qualified to serve as a director of the Company because of his extensive experience in technology and business development.

Dennis LePon – Director since May 11, 2006. Dennis LePon has over 45 years of financial, managerial, and business experience working for a bank, real estate finance companies, as well as a startup high tech company. From 1992 to the present, Mr. LePon has served as Chief Financial officer of Catalyst Resource Group, Inc., a real estate finance and consulting firm offering specialized financing for healthcare, C-Store, gasoline station and other varied commercial properties nationwide.  From 2002 to 2004, he served as Chief Financial Officer for FoodMarket Place.com, a California company engaged in the business of Web Based marketing for food and restaurant industry partnered with Hewlett Packard. Mr. LePon received a Bachelor of Arts from California State University at Northridge in 1969 and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Southern California in 1977.  We concluded that Mr. LePon’s strong financial and business experience he gained throughout his successful financial and corporate management career made him qualified to serve on the Board of Directors.  Mr. LePon does not currently hold any other directorship. The Board of Directors has concluded that Mr. LePon is qualified to serve as a director of the Company because of his extensive experience in corporate and finance management.

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

We currently do not maintain any committees of the Board of Directors. Given our size and the development of our business to date, we believe that the board through its meetings can perform all of the duties and responsibilities which might be performed by a committee. We do not currently have an audit committee financial expert.

INDEBTEDNESS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

No executive officer, director or any member of these individuals’ immediate families or any corporation or organization with whom any of these individuals is an affiliate is or has been indebted to us since the beginning of our last fiscal year.

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

There are no family relationships among our executive officers and directors.

CODE OF ETHICS

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. The text of the Code of Ethics is filed as an exhibit to this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2008.  The Company will provide to any person without charge, upon request to the Company at its office, a copy of the Code of Ethics. Any waiver of the provisions of the Code of Ethics for executive officers and directors may be made only by the Audit Committee and, in the case of a waiver for members of the Audit Committee, by the Board of Directors.  Any such waivers will be promptly disclosed to our shareholders.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

During the past ten years, none of our directors, executive officers, promoters, control persons, or nominees has been:

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Although we have not adopted a formal policy on whether the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions should be separate or combined, we have traditionally determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders to combine these roles.   Due to the small size and early stage of the Company, we believe it is currently most effective to have the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions combined. In addition, having one person serve as both Chairman and Chief Executive Officer eliminates potential for confusion and provides clear leadership for the Company, with a single person setting the tone and managing our operations. The Board oversees specific risks, including, but not limited to:

Board of Directors Meetings and Attendance

We have no formal policy regarding director attendance at the annual meeting of stockholders. The Board of Directors held 1 meeting in 2017 including 3 meetings prior to filing our quarterly reports and 1 meeting prior to filing this Annual Report.  All Board members were present at all of the meetings.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s directors, executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of the Company’s stock (collectively, “Reporting Persons”) to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and changes in ownership of the Company’s common stock. Reporting Persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. To the Company’s knowledge, based solely on its review of the copies of such reports received or written representations from certain Reporting Persons that no other reports were required, the Company believes that during its fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 all Reporting Persons timely complied with all applicable filing requirements.

The following table summarizes all compensation recorded by us in each of the last two completed fiscal years for the named executive officers.

Employment Agreements

The Company currently has no employment agreements with its executive officers.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company currently has no benefit plans in place for its employees.

Stock Option Plan

The Company has no stock option plan.

Director Compensation

Directors receive compensation for their services and reimbursement for their expenses as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. Currently, our directors do not receive monetary compensation for their service on the Board of Directors.

The following table sets forth, as of March 12, 2018, the number of and percent of our common stock beneficially owned by:

We believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.

A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of securities that can be acquired by him within 60 days from March 12, 2018 upon the exercise of options, warrants or convertible securities. Each beneficial owner’s percentage ownership is determined by assuming that options, warrants or convertible securities that are held by him, but not those held by any other person, and which are exercisable within 60 days of March 12, 2018 have been exercised and converted. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the following beneficial owner is c/o Biosolar, Inc., 27936 Lost Canyon Road, Suite 202, Santa Clarita, CA 91387 

*Less than one percent.  

There were no material related party transactions which we entered into during the last two fiscal years.

Director Independence

Steven C. Bartling is independent as the term “independent” is defined under the NASDAQ Marketplace Rules.

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees billable to us by Liggett & Webb P.A. during 2017 and 2016 for the audit of our annual financial statements for the fiscal year totaled approximately $23,000 and $23,000, respectively.

Audit-Related Fees

We did not incur assurance and audit-related fees during 2017 and 2016, to Liggett & Webb P.A. nor in connection with the audit of our financial statements for the reviews of registration statements and issuance of related consents and assistance with SEC comment letters.

Tax Fees

We did not incur fees for tax compliance, tax advice, or tax planning for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

All Other Fees

There were no fees billed to us by Liggett & Webb P.A. for services rendered to us during the last two fiscal years, other than the services described above under “Audit Fees” and “Audit-Related Fees.”

As of the date of this filing, our current policy is to not engage Liggett & Webb P.A. to provide, among other things, bookkeeping services, appraisal or valuation services, or international audit services. The policy provides that we engage Liggett & Webb P.A. to provide audit and other assurance services, such as review of SEC reports or filings.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Santa Clarita, State of California, on March 19, 2018.

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

BIOSOLAR, INC.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONTENTS

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

BioSolar, Inc.

Santa Clarita, California

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of BioSolar. Inc. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related statements of operations, shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based upon our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of BioSolar, Inc. as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company does not generate revenue and has negative cash flows from operations.  This raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.

March 19, 2018

New York, New York

BIOSOLAR, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited financial statements

BIOSOLAR, INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited financial statements

BIOSOLAR, INC.

STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMB ER 31, 2017 AND 2016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited financial statements

BIOSOLAR, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these audited financial statements

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Organization

BioSolar, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in the state of Nevada on April 24, 2006.  The Company, based in Santa Clarita, California, began operations on April 25, 2006 to develop and market Photovoltaic solar technology products.

Line of Business

We are engaged in the development of innovative technologies and materials that will reduce the cost per watt of storing electrical energy. We previously developed BioBacksheet^R, a high performance green back sheet for Photovoltaic solar modules. We are currently developing technologies and materials for storing electrical energy produced by Photovoltaic solar modules as well as other means.  We are focusing our research and product development efforts on silicon anode additive material for next generation high capacity lithium-ion batteries.   

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis of accounting, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.  The accompanying financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company did not generate any revenue, incurred a net loss of $2,785,024 and used cash in operations of $560,483.  As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a working capital deficiency of $5,941,190 and a shareholders’ deficit of $7,654,535. These factors, among others raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  Our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern and appropriateness of using the going concern basis is dependent upon, among other things, achieving a level of profitable operations and receiving additional cash infusions. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company obtained funds from the issuance of convertible note agreements. Management believes this funding will continue from its’ current investors and from new investors. Management believes the existing shareholders, and the prospective new investors will provide the additional cash needed to meet the Company’s obligations as they become due, and will allow the development of its core business operations. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stock holders, in case of equity financing.

This summary of significant accounting policies of the Company is presented to assist in understanding the Company’s financial statements. The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company will recognize revenue when services are performed, and at the time of shipment of products, provided that evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, fees are fixed or determinable, and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. To date, the Company has not had significant revenues and is in the development stage.

Cash and Cash Equivalent

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying financial statements. Significant estimates made in preparing these financial statements, include the estimate of useful lives of property and equipment, the deferred tax valuation allowance, derivative liabilities and the fair value of stock options. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.  Total research and development costs were $176,306 and $226,881 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Intangible Assets

The Company has patent applications to protect the inventions and processes behind its proprietary bio-based back-sheet, a protective covering for the back of photovoltaic solar modules traditionally made from petroleum-based film. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company reviewed the capitalized patents for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, and determined there was no impairment. Intangible assets that have finite useful lives continue to be amortized over their useful lives

The Company recognized amortization expense of $6,045 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, and are depreciated using straight line over its estimated useful lives:

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $3,323 and $3,085, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an equity award based on the grant-date fair value of the award. All grants under our stock-based compensation programs are accounted for at fair value and that cost is recognized over the period during which an employee, consultant, or director are required to provide service in exchange for the award (the vesting period). Compensation expense for options granted to employees and non-employees is determined in accordance with the standard as the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured. Compensation expense for awards granted is re-measured each period.

Determining the appropriate fair value of the stock-based compensation requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based payment and stock price volatility.  The Company uses the Black Scholes pricing model to value its stock option awards which incorporate the Company’s stock price, volatility, U.S. risk-free rate, dividend rate, and estimated life. On March 24, 2015, the Company granted 2,450,000 stock options with an exercise price of $0.09 per share, and on September 2, 2015 the Company granted an additional 13,500,000 stock options with an exercise price of $0.26 per share. The options will vest 1/25 on monthly basis, starting April 24, 2015 and October 1, 2015, respectively, and terminate seven (7) years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.  Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of the changes in tax laws and rates of the date of enactment.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained.  The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any.  Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions.  Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority.  The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Net Earnings (Loss) per Share Calculations 

Net earnings (Loss) per share dictates the calculation of basic earnings (loss) per share and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the effect of stock options and stock based awards (Note 4), plus the assumed conversion of convertible debt (Note 5).   

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company’s diluted loss per share is the same as the basic loss per share, and the inclusion of any potential shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect due to the Company generating a loss. The Company excluded 15,975,000 stock options, and the shares issuable from the convertible debt of $2,193,630, because their impact was antidilutive.  

For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company calculated the dilutive impact of the outstanding stock options of 1,650,000, warrants of 150,000, and the convertible debt of $1,800,000, which is convertible into shares of common stock. The stock options and warrants were included in the calculation of net earnings per share, because their impact was dilutive.  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value information, whether recognized in the balance sheet, where it is practicable to estimate that value. As of December 31, 2017, the amounts reported for cash, inventory, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, approximate the fair value because of their short maturities.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 established a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

We measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows at December 31, 2017 and 2016:

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

The following is a reconciliation of the derivative liability for which Level 3 inputs were used in determining the approximate fair value:

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, FASB issued accounting standards update ASU-2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (Topic 718) –Modification Accounting”, to provide clarity and reduce both (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period for public entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued, and all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-09 on the Company’s financial statements.

In August 2017, FASB issued accounting standards update ASU-2017-12, “D” (Topic 815) – “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”, to require an entity to present the earnings effect of the hedging instrument in the same statement line item in which the earnings effect of the hedged item is reported. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods with the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the update. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-12 on the Company’s financial statements.

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying condensed financial statements.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 11,965,646 shares of common stock upon conversion of convertible promissory notes in the amount of $78,370, plus accrued interest of $22,939, with an aggregate fair value loss of $408,144 at prices ranging from $0.0350 and $0.0549 per share upon conversion

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 8,437,636 shares of common stock at prices of $0.00847 and $0.01333 per share upon conversion of $84,500 in convertible promissory notes, including $17,934 in accrued interest and issued 3,085,816 shares of common stock at a price of $0.056 to $0.115 per share upon conversion of related party convertible promissory notes with a fair value of $185,000, plus accrued interest of $21,507.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Stock Options

The Company did not grant any stock options during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 was as follows:

Stock Options

The stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement of operations during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, related to the granting of these options was $1,265,236 and $1,571,769, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, there was no intrinsic value with regards to the outstanding options.

Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2017, 150,000 purchase warrants expired in October 2017. The Company granted no warrants during the year ended December 31, 2017. The were no warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding convertible promissory notes are summarized as follows:

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

Maturities of long-term debt for the next three years are as follows:

At December 31, 2017, the $2,193,630 in convertible promissory notes had a remaining debt discount of $5,691, leaving a net balance of $2,187,939.

On May 2, 2014, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, providing for the sale by the Company of a 10% unsecured convertible note (the “May Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000, to be advanced in amounts at the lender’s discretion. Upon execution of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received a tranche in the amount of $50,000. On various dates, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $450,000, for a total aggregate sum of $500,000. As of December 31, 2015, the remaining principal balance was $467,500. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 11,965,646 shares of common stock for principal in the amount of $78,370, plus accrued interest of $22,939, leaving a principal balance of $306,630. Each tranche matures eighteen (18) months from the effective date of each tranche, which was extended on January 12, 2016 to sixty (60) months, with maturity dates ranging from June 12, 2019 to December 21, 2019. The May Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.25 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the average three (3) lowest trading prices of three (3) separate trading days recorded after the effective date, or c) the lowest effective price granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock. The fair value of the May Note has been determined by using the Binomial lattice formula with an expected life of sixty (60) months from the effective date of each tranche.

On January 30, 2015, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, providing for the sale by the Company of a 10% unsecured convertible note (the “January Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000, to be advanced in amounts at the lender’s discretion. Upon execution of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received a tranche in the amount of $50,000. On various dates, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $450,000. The principal balance at December 31, 2017 was $500,000. Each tranche matured eighteen (18) months from the effective date of each tranche, which was extended on January 12, 2016 to sixty (60) months from the effective date of each tranche, with maturity dates ranging from January 29, 2020 to August 25, 2020. The January Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.15 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded since the original effective date of the January Note, or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock. The fair value of the January Note has been determined by using the Binomial lattice formula with an expected life of sixty (60) months from the effective date of each tranche. The Company recorded amortization of debt discount, which was recognized as interest expense in the amount of $25,898 during the year ended December 31, 2017.

On October 1, 2015, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, providing for the sale by the Company of a 10% unsecured convertible note (the “October Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000, to be advanced in amounts at the lender’s discretion. Upon execution of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received a tranche in the amount of $90,000. On various dates, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $395,000. The principal balance at December 31, 2017 was $485,000. Each tranche matures twelve (12) months from the effective date of each tranche, which was extended on October 13, 2016 to sixty (60) months from the effective date of each tranche, with maturity dates ranging from October 1, 2020 to March 9, 2021. The October Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.25 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded since the original effective date of the October Note, or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock. The fair value of the October Note has been determined by using the Binomial lattice formula with an expected life of sixty (60) months. The Company recorded amortization of debt discount, which was recognized as interest expense in the amount of $9,912 during the year ended December 31, 2017.

On April 5, 2016, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, providing for the sale by the Company of a 10% unsecured convertible note (the “April Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000, to be advanced in amounts at the lender’s discretion. Upon execution of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received a tranche in the amount of $48,000. On various dates, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $452,000. The principal balance at December 31, 2017 was $500,000. Each tranche matures twelve (12) months from the effective date of each tranche through November 15, 2017. The April Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.13 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded since the original effective date of the April Note, or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock. The fair value of the April Note has been determined by using the Binomial lattice formula with an expected life of sixty (60) months. The Company recorded amortization of debt discount, which was recognized as interest expense in the amount of $104,524 during the year ended December 31, 2017.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

On March 20, 2017, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, providing for the sale by the Company of a 10% unsecured convertible note (the “March Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000, to be advanced in amounts at the lender’s discretion. Upon execution of the securities purchase agreement, the Company received a tranche in the amount of $25,000. On various dates during the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company received additional tranches in the aggregate sum of $377,000. The principal balance as of December 31, 2017 was $402,000. Each tranche matures twelve (12) months from the effective date of each tranche, with an extension of sixty (60) months from each tranche. The March Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.13 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded since the original effective date of the March Note, or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock. The fair value of the March Note has been determined by using the Binomial lattice formula with an expected life of twelve (12) months. The Company recorded amortization of debt discount, which was recognized as interest expense in the amount of $5,945 during the year ended December 31, 2017.

We evaluated the financing transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and determined that the conversion feature of the convertible promissory note was not afforded the exemption for conventional convertible instruments due to its variable conversion rate. The note has no explicit limit on the number of shares issuable so they did not meet the conditions set forth in current accounting standards for equity classification. The Company elected to recognize the note under paragraph 815-15-25-4, whereby, there would be a separation into a host contract and derivative instrument. The Company elected to initially and subsequently measure the note in its entirety at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company recorded a derivative liability representing the imputed interest associated with the embedded derivative. The derivative liability is adjusted periodically per the stock price fluctuations.

The convertible notes issued and described in Note 5 do not have fixed settlement provisions because their conversion prices are not fixed. The conversion feature has been characterized as derivative liabilities to be re-measured at the end of every reporting period with the change in value reported in the statement of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, as a result of the convertible notes (“Notes”) issued that were accounted for as derivative liabilities, we determined that the fair value of the conversion feature of the convertible notes at issuance was $15,840, based upon a Binomial-Model calculation. We recorded the full value of the derivative as a liability at issuance with an offset to valuation discount, which will be amortized over the life of the Notes.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company converted $78,370 in principal of convertible notes, plus accrued interest of $22,939. As a result of the conversion of these notes and the change in fair value of the remaining notes, the Company recorded a loss on net change in derivative and conversion of debt in the amount of $586,481 in the statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017, the fair value of the derivative liability was $5,239,073.

For purpose of determining the fair market value of the derivative liability for the embedded conversion, the Company used the Binomial lattice valuation model. The significant assumptions used in the Binomial lattice valuation model for the derivative are as follows:

7. DEFERRED TAXES

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. Federal jurisdiction, and the state of California. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.

Deferred income taxes have been provided by temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for tax purposes. To the extent allowed by GAAP, we provide valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets for amount when the realization is uncertain. Included in the balance at December 31, 2017 and 2016, are no tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain, but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.

The Company's policy is to recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. During the periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not recognize interest or penalties.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately $7,925,000, which expires 20 years after the NOL year. No tax benefit has been reported in the December 31, 2017 and 2016 financial statements, since the potential tax benefit is offset by a valuation allowance of the same amount.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 due to the following:

Deferred taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible differences and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the difference between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Net deferred tax liabilities consist of the following components as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Due to the change in ownership provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, net operating loss carry-forwards for Federal income tax reporting purposes are subject to annual limitations. Should a change in ownership occur, net operating loss carry-forwards may be limited as to use in future years.

The Company’s tax returns for the previous three years remain open for audit by the respective tax jurisdictions.

BIOSOLAR, INC.

NOTES TO FINANICAL STATEMENTS – AUDITED

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

On October 2, 2017, the Company amended its lease for office space by extending the lease to October 31, 2018.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, we have a new material commitment for capital expenditures in the form of a sponsored research agreement with North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University during the next twelve months. On August 24, 2017, the Company extended its contract for a period of September 12, 2017 through September 11, 2018, and the total cost shall not exceed the sum of $159,610. The commitment is financed by the issuance of equity or debt securities of the Company.

Management has evaluated subsequent events according to the requirements of ASC TOPIC 855 and has determined that there are the following subsequent events:

In January and February 2018, the Company received two tranches for an aggregate amount of $98,000 pursuant to the securities purchase agreement entered into on March 20, 2017. The securities purchase agreement provided for the issuance of the March Note in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000. The March Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.13 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded on any trade day after the effective date or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock.

During the month of January and February 2018, the Company issued 5,023,283 shares of common stock upon conversion of a convertible promissory note for principal in the amount of $28,190, plus accrued interest of $9,734.

On February 26, 2018, the Company received $15,000 in consideration upon the execution of a securities purchase agreement for the issuance of a 10% unsecured convertible note (“February Note”) in the aggregate principal amount of up to $500,000. The February Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at a price equal to a variable conversion price of a) the lesser of $0.03 per share of common stock, b) fifty percent (50%) of the lowest trade price recorded on any trade day after the effective date or c) the lowest effective price per share granted to any person or entity after the effective date to acquire common stock.