NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2019 November (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2019

☐   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________________ to __________________

Commission File Number: 001-11038

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NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(763) 225-6600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐   NO ☒

As of January 6, 2020, there were 9,097,236 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

November 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements that are within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. For more information, see “Part I. Financial Information – Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Forward-Looking Statements.”

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As used in this report, references to “NTIC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us,” unless the context otherwise requires, refer to Northern Technologies International Corporation and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, all of which are consolidated on NTIC’s consolidated financial statements.

As used in this report, references to: (1) “NTIC China” refer to NTIC’s wholly-owned subsidiary in China, NTIC (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; (2) “NTI Europe” refer to NTIC’s wholly-owned subsidiary in Germany, NTIC Europe GmbH; (3) “Zerust Mexico” refer to NTIC’s wholly-owned subsidiary in Mexico, ZERUST-EXCOR MEXICO, S. de R.L. de C.V; and (4)“NTI Asean” refer to NTIC’s majority-owned holding company subsidiary, NTI Asean LLC, which holds investments in certain entities that operate in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, including the following countries: Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

NTIC’s consolidated financial statements do not include the accounts of any of its joint ventures. Except as otherwise indicated, references in this report to NTIC’s joint ventures do not include any of NTIC’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries.

As used in this report, references to “EXCOR” refer to NTIC’s joint venture in Germany, Excor Korrosionsschutz – Technologien und Produkte GmbH.

As used in this report, references to “Tianjin Zerust” refer to NTIC’s former joint venture in China, Tianjin-Zerust Anticorrosion Co., Ltd.

All trademarks, trade names or service marks referred to in this report are the property of their respective owners.

On June 3, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a two-for-one stock split of the Company’s common stock effected in the form of a 100% share dividend distributed on June 28, 2019 to record holders as of June 17, 2019. All share and per share values in this report have been adjusted to retroactively reflect the effect of the two-for-one stock split.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF NOVEMBER 30, 2019 (UNAUDITED) AND AUGUST 31, 2019 (AUDITED)

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

*Share and per share data have been adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the two-for-one stock split effective June 28, 2019.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

*Share and per share data have been adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the two-for-one stock split effective June 28, 2019.

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis provides material historical and prospective disclosures intended to enable investors and other users to assess NTIC’s financial condition and results of operations. Statements that are not historical are forward-looking and involve risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Forward-Looking Statements” in this report and under “Part 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019. The following discussion of the results of the operations and financial condition of NTIC should be read in conjunction with NTIC’s consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included under the heading “Part I. Item 1. Financial Statements.”

Business Overview

NTIC develops and markets proprietary, environmentally beneficial products and services in over 60 countries either directly or via a network of subsidiaries, joint ventures, independent distributors and agents. NTIC’s primary business is corrosion prevention, marketed mainly under the ZERUST^® brand. NTIC has been selling its proprietary ZERUST^® products and services to the automotive, electronics, electrical, mechanical, military and retail consumer markets for over 40 years and, in recent years, has targeted and expanded into the oil and gas industry. NTIC also markets and sells a portfolio of bio-based and certified compostable (fully biodegradable) polymer resin compounds and finished products under the Natur-Tec^® brand. These products are intended to reduce NTIC’s customers’ carbon footprint and provide environmentally sound waste disposal options.

NTIC’s ZERUST^® rust and corrosion inhibiting products include plastic and paper packaging, liquids, coatings, rust removers, cleaners, and diffusers as well as engineered solutions designed specifically for the oil and gas industry. NTIC also offers worldwide, on-site technical consulting for rust and corrosion prevention issues. NTIC’s technical service consultants work directly with the end users of NTIC’s ZERUST^® rust and corrosion inhibiting products to analyze their specific needs and develop systems to meet their performance requirements. In North America, NTIC sells its ZERUST^® corrosion prevention solutions through a network of independent distributors and agents supported by a direct sales force. Internationally, NTIC sells its ZERUST^® corrosion prevention solutions through its wholly-owned subsidiary in China, NTIC (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (NTIC China), its majority-owned joint venture holding company for NTIC’s joint venture investments in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, NTI Asean LLC (NTI Asean), certain other wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, and joint venture arrangements in North America, Europe and Asia. NTIC also sells products directly to its joint venture partners through its wholly-owned subsidiary in Germany, NTIC Europe GmbH (NTI Europe).

One of NTIC’s strategic initiatives is to expand into and penetrate other markets for its ZERUST^® corrosion prevention technologies. Consequently, for the past several years, NTIC has focused significant sales and marketing efforts on the oil and gas industry, as the infrastructure that supports that industry is typically constructed using metals that are highly susceptible to corrosion. NTIC believes that its ZERUST^® corrosion prevention solutions will minimize maintenance downtime on critical oil and gas industry infrastructure, extend the life of such infrastructure and reduce the risk of environmental pollution due to leaks caused by corrosion.

NTIC markets and sells its ZERUST^® rust and corrosion prevention solutions to customers in the oil and gas industry across several countries either directly, through its subsidiaries or through its joint venture partners and other strategic partners. The sale of ZERUST^® corrosion prevention solutions to customers in the oil and gas industry typically involves long sales cycles, often including multi-year trial periods with each customer and a slow integration process thereafter.

Natur-Tec^® biobased and compostable plastics are manufactured using NTIC’s patented and/or proprietary technologies and are intended to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics. The Natur-Tec^® biopolymer resin compound portfolio includes formulations that have been optimized for a variety of applications, including blown-film extrusion, extrusion coating, injection molding, and engineered plastics. These resin compounds are certified to be fully biodegradable in a composting environment and are currently being used to produce finished products, including can liners, shopping and grocery bags, lawn and leaf bags, pet waste collection bags, cutlery and coated paper products. In North America, NTIC markets its Natur-Tec^® resin compounds and finished products primarily through a network of regional and national distributors as well as independent agents. NTIC continues to see significant opportunities for finished bioplastic products and, therefore, continues to strengthen and expand its North American distribution network for finished Natur-Tec^® bioplastic products.

Internationally, NTIC sells its Natur-Tec^® resin compounds and finished products both directly and through its wholly-owned subsidiary in China, its majority-owned subsidiaries in India and Sri Lanka, and through distributors and certain joint ventures.

NTIC’s Subsidiaries and Joint Venture Network

NTIC has ownership interests in nine operating subsidiaries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. The following table sets forth a list of NTIC’s operating subsidiaries as of November 30, 2019, the country in which the subsidiary is organized and NTIC’s ownership percentage in each subsidiary:

The results of these subsidiaries are fully consolidated in NTIC’s consolidated financial statements.

NTIC participates in 19 active joint venture arrangements in North America, Europe and Asia. Each of these joint ventures generally manufactures and markets products in the geographic territory to which it is assigned. While most of NTIC’s joint ventures exclusively sell rust and corrosion inhibiting products, some of the joint ventures also sell NTIC’s Natur-Tec^® resin compounds. NTIC has historically funded its investments in joint ventures with cash generated from operations.

The following table sets forth a list of NTIC’s operating joint ventures as of November 30, 2019, the country in which the joint venture is organized and NTIC’s ownership percentage in each joint venture:

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NTIC receives funds from its joint ventures as fees for services that NTIC provides to its joint ventures and as dividend distributions. The fees for services provided to joint ventures are determined based on either a flat fee or a percentage of sales depending on local laws and tax regulations. With respect to NTIC’s joint venture in Germany (EXCOR), NTIC recognizes an agreed upon quarterly fee for such services. NTIC recognizes equity income from each joint venture based on the overall profitability of the joint venture. Such profitability is subject to variability from quarter to quarter, which, in turn, subjects NTIC’s earnings to variability from quarter to quarter. The profits of each joint venture are shared by the respective joint venture owners in accordance with their respective ownership percentages. NTIC typically directly or indirectly owns 50% or less of each of its joint venture entities and, thus, does not control the decisions of these entities regarding whether to pay dividends and, if paid, how much they should be in a given year. The payment of a dividend by an entity is determined by a joint vote of the owners and is not at the sole discretion of NTIC.

NTIC accounts for the investments and financial results of its joint ventures in its financial statements utilizing the equity method of accounting.

NTIC considers EXCOR to be individually significant to NTIC’s consolidated assets and income and, therefore, provides certain additional information regarding EXCOR in the notes to NTIC’s consolidated financial statements and in this section of this report.

Financial Overview

NTIC’s management, including its chief executive officer, who is NTIC’s chief operating decision maker, reports and manages NTIC’s operations in two reportable business segments based on products sold, customer base and distribution center: ZERUST^® products and services and Natur-Tec^® products. All share and per share data have been adjusted for all periods presented to reflect the two-for-one stock split effective June 28, 2019.

NTIC’s consolidated net sales increased 3.8% during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018. This increase was primarily a result of an increase in sales of Natur-Tec^® products.

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, 68.0% of NTIC’s consolidated net sales were derived from sales of ZERUST^® products and services, which decreased 1.1% to $9,949,512 compared to $10,065,174 for the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was due to lower sales from existing customers for products as a result of decreased demand. NTIC has focused its sales efforts of ZERUST^® products and services by strategically targeting customers with specific corrosion issues in new market areas, including the oil and gas industry and other industrial sectors that offer sizable growth opportunities. NTIC’s consolidated net sales for the three months ended November 30, 2019 included $520,844 of sales made to customers in the oil and gas industry compared to $986,173 for the three months ended November 30, 2018. Overall demand for ZERUST^® products and services depends heavily on the overall health of the markets in which NTIC sells its products, including the automotive, oil and gas, agriculture, and mining markets in particular.

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, 32.0% of NTIC’s consolidated net sales were derived from sales of Natur-Tec^® products compared to 28.6% during the three months ended November 30, 2018. Net sales of Natur-Tec^® products increased 16.2% during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018 primarily due to an increase in finished product sales in North America and finished product sales at NTIC’s majority-owned subsidiary in India.

Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly to 67.0% during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to 67.1% during the three months ended November 30, 2018.

NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures decreased 35.4% to $1,293,990 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $2,004,162 during the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily due to a corresponding decrease in net sales at the joint ventures, which decreased 16.5% to $25,460,294 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $30,479,926 for the three months ended November 30, 2018. The decrease in the net sales of NTIC’s joint ventures was due primarily to decreased sales from existing customers for existing products as a result of decreased demand. The decrease in net sales of NTIC’s joint ventures resulted in a corresponding decrease in fees for services provided to joint ventures, as such fees are a function of net sales of NTIC’s joint ventures.

NTIC’s total operating expenses decreased 4.5% to $5,898,620 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $6,179,048 for the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in NTIC’s personnel expenses and achievement of various cost control actions undertaken by management.

NTIC spent $961,641 and $872,157 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, in connection with its research and development activities. NTIC anticipates that it will spend between $3,600,000 and $3,900,000 in fiscal 2020 on research and development activities.

Net income attributable to NTIC decreased $284,509 to $1,212,550, or $0.13 per diluted common share, for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $1,497,059, or $0.16 per diluted common share, for the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of the decrease in joint venture operations during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018.

NTIC anticipates that its quarterly net income or loss will continue to be subject to significant volatility primarily due to the financial performance of its subsidiaries and joint ventures, sales of its ZERUST^® products and services into the oil and gas industry, and sales of its Natur-Tec^® bioplastics products, which sales fluctuate more on a quarterly basis than the traditional ZERUST^® business.

NTIC’s working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, was $25,253,374 at November 30, 2019, including $4,106,796 in cash and cash equivalents and $2,987,095 in available for sale securities, compared to $25,460,569 at August 31, 2019, including $5,856,758 in cash and cash equivalents and $3,565,258 in available for sale securities.

On October 22, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors announced a quarterly cash dividend of $0.065 per share of NTIC’s common stock, payable on November 20, 2019 to stockholders of record on November 6, 2019. During fiscal 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared four quarterly cash dividends of $0.06 per share each. Although NTIC’s Board of Directors intends to continue to declare regular quarterly cash dividends, the declaration of future dividends is not guaranteed and will be determined by NTIC’s Board of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including NTIC’s net income, financial condition, cash requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth NTIC’s results of operations for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018.

Net Sales. NTIC’s consolidated net sales increased 3.8% to $14,631,400 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018. NTIC’s consolidated net sales to unaffiliated customers excluding NTIC’s joint ventures increased 3.2% to $14,045,784 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019. These increases were primarily a result of an increase in sales of Natur-Tec^® products. Net sales to joint ventures increased 21.2% to $585,616 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019. This increase was primarily a result of timing differences on various shipments to joint ventures.

The following table sets forth NTIC’s net sales by product segment for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018 by segment:

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, 68.0% of NTIC’s consolidated net sales were derived from sales of ZERUST^® products and services, which decreased 1.1% to $9,949,512 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $10,065,174 during the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of decreased ZERUST^® oil and gas net sales due to decreased demand. NTIC has strategically focused its sales efforts for ZERUST^® products and services on customers with sizeable corrosion problems in industry sectors that offer sizable growth opportunities, including the oil and gas sector. Overall demand for ZERUST^® products and services depends heavily on the overall health of the market segments to which NTIC sells its products, including the automotive, oil and gas, agriculture, and mining markets in particular.

The following table sets forth NTIC’s net sales of ZERUST^® products for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and 2018:

NTIC’s net sales to the oil and gas industry sector decreased during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the prior fiscal year period, primarily due to decreased demand for ZERUST^® oil and gas products and services. NTIC anticipates that its sales of ZERUST^® products and services into the oil and gas industry will continue to remain subject to significant volatility from quarter to quarter as sales are recognized, specifically due to the volatility of oil prices. Demand for oil and gas products around the world depends primarily on market acceptance and the reach of NTIC’s distribution network. Because of the typical size of individual orders and overall size of NTIC’s net sales derived from sales of oil and gas products, the timing of one or more orders can materially affect NTIC’s quarterly sales compared to prior fiscal year quarters.

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, 32.0% of NTIC’s consolidated net sales were derived from sales of Natur-Tec^® products, which increased 16.2% to $4,681,888 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018. This increase was primarily due to an increase in finished product sales in North America and finished product sales at NTIC’s majority-owned subsidiary in India.

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased 3.6% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended November 30, 2018. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly to 67.0% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to 67.1% for the three months ended November 30, 2018.

Equity in Income from Joint Ventures. NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures decreased 35.4% to $1,293,990 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $2,004,162 during the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily a result of changing profitability of the joint ventures, which fluctuates based on net sales, during the respective periods. Of the total equity in income from joint ventures, NTIC had equity in income from joint ventures of $821,164 attributable to EXCOR during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $1,519,901 during the three months ended November 30, 2018.

Fees for Services Provided to Joint Ventures. NTIC recognized fee income for services provided to joint ventures of $1,358,325 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $1,428,435 during the three months ended November 30, 2018, representing a decrease of $70,110, or 4.9%. Fee income for services provided to joint ventures is traditionally a function of the sales made by NTIC’s joint ventures. Total net sales of NTIC’s joint ventures decreased 16.5% to $25,460,294 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $30,479,926 for the three months ended November 30, 2018. Net sales of NTIC’s joint ventures are not included in NTIC’s consolidated financial statements. Of the total fee income for services provided to joint ventures, fees of $212,101 were attributable to EXCOR during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $214,992 attributable to EXCOR during the three months ended November 30, 2018.

Selling Expenses. NTIC’s selling expenses increased 2.7% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019 due primarily to increases in operating expenses associated with ZERUST^® sales efforts, consisting primarily of selling and personnel expenses. Selling expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased slightly to 19.7% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 from 19.9% during the three months ended November 30, 2018 primarily due to the decrease in net sales, as previously described.

General and Administrative Expenses. NTIC’s general and administrative expenses decreased 17.9% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019 primarily due to decreased personnel costs and the implementation of various cost control initiatives. As a percentage of net sales, general and administrative expenses decreased to 14.0% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 from 17.7% for the three months ended November 30, 2018 due primarily to the decreases in expenses in North America and NTIC’s subsidiary in India, and the slight increase in net sales, as previously described.

Research and Development Expenses. NTIC’s research and development expenses increased 10.3% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019 primarily due to increases in research and development efforts.

Interest Income. NTIC’s interest income increased to $49,038 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $12,787 during the three months ended November 30, 2018 due to changing levels of invested cash.

Interest Expense. NTIC’s interest expense increased to $5,444 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $2,357 during the three months ended November 30, 2018.

Income Before Income Tax Expense. NTIC incurred income before income tax expense equal to $1,623,605 for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $1,896,894 for the three months ended November 30, 2018.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense was $264,066 during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $255,703 during the three months ended November 30, 2018. Income tax expense was calculated based on management’s estimate of NTIC’s annual effective income tax rate.

NTIC considers the earnings of certain foreign joint ventures to be indefinitely invested outside the United States on the basis of estimates that NTIC’s future domestic cash generation will be sufficient to meet future domestic cash needs. As a result, U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the cumulative undistributed earnings of $23,373,721 and $22,178,126 at November 30, 2019 and August 31, 2019, respectively. To the extent undistributed earnings of NTIC’s joint ventures are distributed in the future, they are not expected to result in any material additional income tax liability after the application of foreign tax credits.

Net Income Attributable to NTIC. Net income attributable to NTIC decreased $284,509 to $1,212,550, or $0.13 per diluted common share, for the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to $1,497,059, or $0.16 per diluted common share, for the three months ended November 30, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of the decrease in operating expenses and decrease in joint venture operations during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the prior year period, partially offset by the increase in gross profit.

Other Comprehensive Income - Foreign Currency Translations Adjustment. The changes in the foreign currency translations adjustment were due to the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar compared to the Euro and other foreign currencies during the three months ended November 30, 2019 compared to the same period in fiscal 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Cash and Working Capital. NTIC’s working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, was $25,253,374 at November 30, 2019, including $4,106,796 in cash and cash equivalents and $2,987,095 in available for sale securities, compared to $25,460,569 at August 31, 2019, including $5,856,758 in cash and cash equivalents and $3,565,258 in available for sale securities.

As of November 30, 2019, NTIC had a revolving line of credit with PNC Bank of $3,000,000 with no amounts outstanding. At the option of the Company, outstanding advances under the line of credit bear interest at either (a) an annual rate based on LIBOR plus 2.15% for the applicable LIBOR interest period selected by the Company or (b) at the rate publicly announced by PNC Bank from time to time as its prime rate. On December 16, 2019, the Company and PNC Bank extended the maturity date of the line of credit from January 7, 2020 to January 7, 2021. All other terms of the line of credit and the loan agreement and other documents evidencing the line of credit remain the same. It is anticipated that, as historically has been the practice, the line of credit will be renewed each year for one additional year for the immediate foreseeable future.

The line of credit is evidenced by an amended and restated committed line of credit note in the principal amount of up to $3,000,000. The line of credit has a $1,200,000 standby letter of credit sub-facility, with any standby letters of credit issued thereunder being at the sole discretion of PNC Bank. Any lines of credit issued by PNC Bank would decrease the availability under the revolving line of credit.

The line of credit is subject to standard covenants, including affirmative financial covenants, such as the maintenance of a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and negative covenants, which, among other things, limit the incurrence of additional indebtedness, loans and equity investments, disposition of assets, mergers and consolidations and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements. Under the loan agreement, NTIC is subject to a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.10:1.00. As of November 30, 2019, NTIC was in compliance with all debt covenants.

NTIC believes that a combination of its existing cash and cash equivalents, available for sale securities, forecasted cash flows from future operations, anticipated distributions of earnings, anticipated fees to NTIC for services provided to its joint ventures, and funds available through existing or anticipated financing arrangements will be adequate to fund its existing operations, investments in new or existing joint ventures or subsidiaries, capital expenditures, debt repayments, cash dividends and any stock repurchases for at least the next 12 months. During the remainder of fiscal 2020, NTIC expects to continue to invest directly and through its use of working capital in NTIC China, Zerust Mexico, NTI Europe, research and development, marketing efforts, resources for the application of its corrosion prevention technology in the oil and gas industry, and its Natur-Tec^® bio-plastics business, although the amounts of these various investments are not known at this time. In order to take advantage of such new product and market opportunities to expand its business and increase its revenues, NTIC may decide to finance such opportunities by borrowing under its revolving line of credit or raising additional financing through the issuance of debt or equity securities. There is no assurance that any financing transaction will be available on terms acceptable to NTIC or at all or that any financing transaction will not be dilutive to NTIC’s current stockholders.

NTIC traditionally has used the cash generated from its operations, distributions of earnings from joint ventures and fees for services provided to its joint ventures to fund NTIC’s new technology investments and capital contributions to new and existing subsidiaries and joint ventures. NTIC’s joint ventures traditionally have operated with little or no debt and have been self-financed with minimal initial capital investment and minimal additional capital investment from their respective owners. Therefore, NTIC believes there is limited exposure by NTIC’s joint ventures that could materially impact their respective operations and/or liquidity.

Uses of Cash and Cash Flow. Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended November 30, 2019 was $1,567,156, which resulted principally from NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures, an increase in inventory and increases in trade receivables excluding joint ventures, and income tax payable, partially offset by NTIC’s net income, depreciation and amortization and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended November 30, 2018 was $738,606, which resulted principally from NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures, an increase in inventory and increases in trade receivables excluding joint ventures, and income tax payable, partially offset by NTIC’s net income, depreciation and amortization and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

NTIC’s cash flows from operations are impacted by significant changes in certain components of NTIC’s working capital, including inventory turnover and changes in receivables. NTIC considers internal and external factors when assessing the use of its available working capital, specifically when determining inventory levels and credit terms of customers. Key internal factors include existing inventory levels, stock reorder points, customer forecasts and customer requested payment terms. Key external factors include the availability of primary raw materials and sub-contractor production lead times. NTIC’s typical contractual terms for trade receivables excluding joint ventures are 30 days and 90 days for trade receivables from its joint ventures. Before extending unsecured credit to customers, excluding NTIC’s joint ventures, NTIC reviews customers’ credit histories and will establish an allowance for uncollectible accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers and other information. Accounts receivable over 30 days are considered past due for most customers. NTIC does not accrue interest on past due accounts receivable. If accounts receivable in excess of the provided allowance are determined uncollectible, they are charged to selling expense in the period that the determination is made. Accounts receivable are deemed uncollectible based on NTIC exhausting reasonable efforts to collect. NTIC’s typical contractual terms for receivables for services provided to its joint ventures are 90 days. NTIC records receivables for services provided to its joint ventures on an accrual basis, unless circumstances exist that make the collection of the balance uncertain, in which case the fee income will be recorded on a cash basis until there is consistency in payments. This determination is handled on a case by case basis.

NTIC experienced an increase in trade receivables and inventory as of November 30, 2019 compared to August 31, 2019. Trade receivables excluding joint ventures as of November 30, 2019 increased $581,248 compared to August 31, 2019, primarily related to the timing of collections and the increase in sales.

Outstanding trade receivables excluding joint ventures balances as of November 30, 2019 decreased 1 day to an average of 67 days from balances outstanding from these customers as of August 31, 2019.

Outstanding trade receivables from joint ventures as of November 30, 2019 decreased $182,798 compared to August 31, 2019 primarily due to the timing of payments. Outstanding balances from trade receivables from joint ventures decreased an average of 15 days from an average of 115 days from balances outstanding from these customers compared to August 31, 2019. The average days outstanding of trade receivables from joint ventures as of November 30, 2019 were primarily due to the receivables balances at NTIC’s joint ventures in South Korea, India and Thailand.

Outstanding receivables for services provided to joint ventures as of November 30, 2019 increased $97,864 compared to August 31, 2019 and the average days to pay increased an average of 10 days from an average of 81 days compared to August 31, 2019.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended November 30, 2019 was $353,300, which was primarily the result of cash provided by the sale of available for sale securities, partially offset by additions to property and equipment and additions to patents. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended November 30, 2018 was $1,463,950, which was primarily the result of cash provided by the sale of available for sale securities, partially offset by additions to property and equipment and additions to patents.

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended November 30, 2019 was $555,271, which resulted from dividends paid on NTIC common stock, partially offset by proceeds from NTIC’s employee stock purchase plan and the exercise of stock options. Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended November 30, 2018 was $393,346, which resulted from dividends paid on NTIC common stock, partially offset by an investment by non-controlling interest and proceeds from NTIC’s employee stock purchase plan.

Share Repurchase Plan. On January 15, 2015, NTIC’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $3,000,000 in shares of NTIC common stock through open market purchases or unsolicited or solicited privately negotiated transactions. This program has no expiration date but may be terminated by NTIC’s Board of Directors at any time. No repurchases occurred during the three months ended November 30, 2019. As of November 30, 2019, up to $2,640,548 in shares of NTIC common stock remained available for repurchase under NTIC’s stock repurchase program.

Cash Dividends. On October 22, 2019, NTIC’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.065 per share of NTIC’s common stock, payable on November 20, 2019 to stockholders of record on November 6, 2019. Although NTIC’s Board of Directors intends to continue to declare regular quarterly cash dividends, the declaration of future dividends is not guaranteed and will be determined by NTIC’s Board of Directors in light of conditions then existing, including NTIC’s net income, financial condition, cash requirements, restrictions in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors.

Stock Split. On June 3, 2019, NTIC’s Board of Directors declared a two-for-one stock split of NTIC’s common stock effected in the form of a 100% share dividend distributed on June 28, 2019 to record holders as of June 17, 2019. As a result of this action, approximately 4.5 million shares were issued to stockholders of record as of June 17, 2019. The par value of the common stock remains at $0.02 per share, and, accordingly, approximately $90,900 was transferred from additional paid-in capital to common stock. Net income and dividends declared per share and weighted average shares outstanding presented in this report reflect the 100 percent stock dividend. The two-for-one stock split is reflected in the share amounts in all periods presented in this report.

Capital Expenditures and Commitments. NTIC spent $197,370 on capital expenditures during the three months ended November 30, 2019, which related primarily to the purchase of new equipment. NTIC expects to spend an aggregate of approximately $600,000 to $900,000 on capital expenditures during fiscal 2020, which it expects will relate primarily to the purchase of new equipment.

Contractual Obligations

There has been no material change to NTIC’s contractual obligations as provided in “Part II. Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations,” included in NTIC’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

NTIC does not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet financial arrangements. As such, NTIC is not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if NTIC had engaged in such arrangements.

Inflation and Seasonality

Inflation in the United States and abroad historically has had little effect on NTIC. Although NTIC’s business historically has not been seasonal, NTIC believes there is some seasonality in its business. NTIC anticipates its net sales in the second fiscal quarter may be adversely affected by the long Chinese New Year, the North American holiday season and overall less corrosion taking place at lower winter temperatures worldwide.

Market Risk

NTIC is exposed to some market risk stemming from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates.

Because the functional currency of NTIC’s foreign operations and investments in its foreign joint ventures is the applicable local currency, NTIC is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business. NTIC’s principal exchange rate exposure is with the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Indian Rupee, the Chinese Renminbi, the South Korean Won and the English Pound against the U.S. Dollar. NTIC’s fees for services provided to joint ventures and dividend distributions from these foreign entities are paid in foreign currencies and, thus, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could result in declines in NTIC’s reported net income. Since NTIC’s investments in its joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, any changes in foreign currency exchange rates would be reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment and would not change NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures reflected in its consolidated statements of operations. NTIC does not hedge against its foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Some raw materials used in NTIC’s products are exposed to commodity price changes. The primary commodity price exposures are with a variety of plastic resins.

At the option of NTIC, outstanding advances under NTIC’s $3,000,000 revolving line of credit with PNC Bank bear interest at either (a) an annual rate based on LIBOR plus 2.15% for the applicable LIBOR interest period selected by NTIC or (b) at the rate publicly announced by PNC Bank from time to time as its prime rate and, thus, may subject NTIC to some market risk on interest rates. As of November 30, 2019, NTIC had no borrowings under the line of credit.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to NTIC’s critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in “Part II. Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies,” included in NTIC’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to NTIC’s consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements that are within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. In addition, NTIC or others on NTIC’s behalf may make forward-looking statements from time to time in oral presentations, including telephone conferences and/or web casts open to the public, in press releases or reports, on NTIC’s Internet web site or otherwise. All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this report or expressed by NTIC orally from time to time that address activities, events or developments that NTIC expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements, including, in particular, the statements about NTIC’s plans, objectives, strategies and prospects regarding, among other things, NTIC’s financial condition, results of operations and business, the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings and the effect of the liquidation of Tianjin Zerust, and the operations of NTIC China. NTIC has identified some of these forward-looking statements in this report with words like “believe,” “can,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “might,” “forecast,” “possible,” “potential,” “project,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximate,” “outlook” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other words and terms of similar meaning. The use of future dates is also an indication of a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements may be contained in the notes to NTIC’s consolidated financial statements and elsewhere in this report, including under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations about future events affecting NTIC and are subject to uncertainties and factors that affect all businesses operating in a global market as well as matters specific to NTIC. These uncertainties and factors are difficult to predict, and many of them are beyond NTIC’s control. The following are some of the uncertainties and factors known to us that could cause NTIC’s actual results to differ materially from what NTIC has anticipated in its forward-looking statements:

For more information regarding these and other uncertainties and factors that could cause NTIC’s actual results to differ materially from what NTIC has anticipated in its forward-looking statements or otherwise could materially adversely affect NTIC’s business, financial condition or operating results, see NTIC’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019 under the heading “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

All forward-looking statements included in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. NTIC wishes to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement that speaks only as of the date made and to recognize that forward-looking statements are predictions of future results, which may not occur as anticipated. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and from historical results, due to the uncertainties and factors described above, as well as others that NTIC may consider immaterial or does not anticipate at this time. Although NTIC believes that the expectations reflected in its forward-looking statements are reasonable, NTIC does not know whether its expectations will prove correct. NTIC’s expectations reflected in its forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions NTIC might make or by known or unknown uncertainties and factors, including those described above. The risks and uncertainties described above are not exclusive, and further information concerning NTIC and its business, including factors that potentially could materially affect its financial results or condition, may emerge from time to time. NTIC assumes no obligation to update, amend or clarify forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting such forward-looking statements. NTIC advises you, however, to consult any further disclosures NTIC makes on related subjects in the annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K NTIC files with or furnishes to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

NTIC is exposed to some market risk stemming from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates.

Because the functional currency of NTIC’s foreign operations and investments in its foreign joint ventures is the applicable local currency, NTIC is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk arising from transactions in the normal course of business. NTIC’s principal exchange rate exposure is with the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Indian Rupee, the Chinese Renminbi, the South Korean Won and the English Pound against the U.S. Dollar. NTIC’s fees for services provided to joint ventures and dividend distributions from these foreign entities are paid in foreign currencies, and, thus, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could result in declines in NTIC’s reported net income. Since NTIC’s investments in its joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method, any changes in foreign currency exchange rates would be reflected as a foreign currency translation adjustment and would not change NTIC’s equity in income from joint ventures reflected in its consolidated statements of operations. NTIC does not hedge against its foreign currency exchange rate risk.

Some raw materials used in NTIC’s products are exposed to commodity price changes. The primary commodity price exposures are with a variety of plastic resins.

At the option of NTIC, outstanding advances under NTIC’s $3,000,000 revolving line of credit with PNC Bank bear interest at either (a) an annual rate based on LIBOR plus 2.15% for the applicable LIBOR interest period selected by NTIC or (b) at the rate publicly announced by PNC Bank from time to time as its prime rate and, thus, may subject NTIC to some market risk on interest rates. As of November 30, 2019, NTIC had no borrowings under the line of credit.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

NTIC maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by NTIC in the reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to NTIC’s management, including NTIC’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. NTIC’s management evaluated, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of NTIC’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered in this report. Based on that evaluation, NTIC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that NTIC’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of such period to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that NTIC files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to NTIC’s management, including NTIC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the implementation of certain internal controls related to the adoption of the new lease standard (Topic 842), there was no change in NTIC’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended November 30, 2019 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect NTIC’s internal control over financial reporting.

On March 23, 2015, NTIC and NTI Asean LLC (NTI Asean) filed a lawsuit in Tianjin No 1 Intermediate People’s Court against two individuals, Tao Meng and Xu Hui, related to breaches of duties and contractual commitments owed to NTI Asean under certain agreements related to NTIC’s former joint venture in China, Tianjin Zerust Anti-Corrosion Technologies Ltd. (Tianjin Zerust). The lawsuit alleges, among other things, that Mr. Tao Meng and Mr. Xu Hui have engaged in self-dealing, usurped business opportunities, and received economic benefits that were required to go to Tianjin Zerust. As of November 30, 2019, NTIC is not able to reasonably estimate the amount of any recovery to NTI Asean, if any.

This Item 1A is inapplicable to NTIC as a smaller reporting company.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

During the three months ended November 30, 2019, NTIC did not issue any shares of its common stock or other equity securities of NTIC that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table shows NTIC’s first quarter of fiscal 2020 stock repurchase activity.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The following exhibits are being filed or furnished with this quarterly report on Form 10-Q:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		NORTHERN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Date: January 8, 2020
		Matthew C. Wolsfeld, CPA
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and
		Duly Authorized to Sign on Behalf of the Registrant)

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