NORTHWEST PIPE CO - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

Part I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY, Continued

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NORTHWEST PIPE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Northwest Pipe Company (the “Company”) is a leading manufacturer for water related infrastructure products. In addition to being the largest manufacturer of engineered steel water pipeline systems in North America, the Company produces high-quality precast and reinforced concrete products, Permalok® steel casing pipe, bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe, as well as custom linings, coatings, joints, and one of the largest offerings of fittings and specialized components. The Company provides solution-based products for a wide range of markets including water transmission and infrastructure, water and wastewater plant piping, structural stormwater and sewer systems, trenchless technology, and pipeline rehabilitation. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer, evaluates performance of the Company and makes decisions regarding allocation of resources based on total Company results. Therefore, the Company has determined that it operates in one segment, Water Infrastructure.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in United States Dollars and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control as of the financial statement date. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts from the prior year financial statements have been reclassified in order to conform to the current year presentation.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The financial information as of December 31, 2019 is derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Form 10-K”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the opinion of management, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments necessary (which are of a normal and recurring nature) for the fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K.

Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2020, particularly in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic and its effects on the domestic and global economies.

Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in governments around the world implementing increasingly stringent measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, “shelter in place” and “stay at home” orders, travel restrictions, business curtailments, school closures, and other measures. In addition, governments and central banks in several parts of the world have enacted fiscal and monetary stimulus measures to counteract the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Consistent with national guidelines and with state and local orders to date, the Company currently continues to operate its manufacturing facilities in the United States as it produces critical water infrastructure products. The Company has taken proactive and precautionary steps to ensure the safety of its employees, customers, and suppliers, including frequent cleaning and disinfection of workspaces, property and equipment, instituting social distancing measures, and mandating remote working environments for certain employees.

In early April 2020, the Company was ordered to close its water infrastructure manufacturing facility in San Luis Río Colorado, Mexico (“SLRC”) as a result of mandates made by Mexican authorities that companies that do not carry out essential activities in Mexico must suspend business operations in order to combat and eradicate the existence and transmission of COVID-19. The Company diverted orders on a case-by-case basis to its United States-based facilities during this closure. In early June 2020, the Mexican authorities determined the SLRC facility was essential, and allowed weekly increases to the workforce. By July 2020, operations at the SLRC facility were fully restored.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse effect on the Company's reported results for the first nine months of 2020, the Company is unable to predict the ultimate impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on its business, future results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The extent to which the Company's operations may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact. Furthermore, the impacts on global and domestic economic conditions, including the long-term potential to reduce or delay funding of municipal projects, and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown. The Company is closely monitoring the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on all aspects of its business.

Immaterial Correction of Error

The Company recorded revenue of $1.2 million during the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2018, which should have been recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2019. The misstatement in the timing of revenue recognition was due to an error in the measurement of costs incurred to date relative to estimated total direct costs at an acquired Ameron Water Transmission Group, LLC facility. Management concluded that this out of period adjustment was not material to the consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2019.

On January 31, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of Geneva Pipe and Precast Company (fka Geneva Pipe Company, Inc.) (“Geneva”) for a purchase price of $49.4 million in cash. Geneva is a concrete pipe and precast concrete products manufacturer based in Utah. This acquisition expanded the Company’s water infrastructure product capabilities by adding additional reinforced concrete pipe capacity and a full line of precast concrete products including storm drains and manholes, catch basins, vaults, and curb inlets as well as innovative lined products that extend the life of concrete pipe and manholes for sewer applications. Operations have continued with Geneva's previous management and workforce at the three Utah manufacturing facilities located in Salt Lake City, Orem, and St. George. Consistent with prior periods and considering the chief operating decision maker's evaluation of post-acquisition performance is based on total Company results, the Company continues to report as one segment.

The following table summarizes the purchase consideration and preliminary fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 31, 2020 (in thousands):

The purchase consideration for this business combination was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date, with the remaining unallocated purchase consideration recorded as goodwill. The asset and liability fair value measurements primarily related to inventories, property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and deferred income taxes, are preliminary and subject to change as additional information is obtained. As a result of additional information obtained during the measurement period about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments during the three months ended June 30, 2020 which resulted in a $0.1 million balance sheet reclassification between trade and other receivables and inventories. The purchase price allocation will be finalized as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date.

The following table summarizes the components of the intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives:

Goodwill arose from the acquisition of an assembled workforce, expansion of product offerings, and management’s industry know-how. The Company does not expect the goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes.

The Company incurred transaction costs associated with this acquisition of approximately $0 and $2.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. These transaction costs are included in Selling, general, and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Geneva operations contributed net sales of $12.5 million and $32.9 million to the Company’s continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and the period from January 31, 2020 to September 30, 2020, respectively. It is impracticable to determine the effect on net income as a substantial portion of Geneva has been integrated into the Company’s ongoing operations.

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of the Company as if the acquisition of Geneva had occurred on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition (in thousands):

This unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is included only for the purpose of illustration and does not necessarily indicate what the operating results would have been if the acquisition had occurred on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. Moreover, this information is not indicative of what the Company’s future operating results will be. The information prior to the acquisition is included based on prior accounting records maintained by Geneva. The pro forma amounts have been calculated after applying the Company’s accounting policies and adjusting the results of Geneva to reflect the additional depreciation and amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to property and equipment and intangible assets had been applied on January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. Adjustments also include an increase of interest expense as if the Company’s debt obtained in connection with the acquisition had been outstanding since January 1 of the year prior to the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information includes non-recurring adjustments to remove transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition. The provision for income taxes has also been adjusted for all periods, based upon the foregoing adjustments to historical results.

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the assigned fair values of the assets and liabilities assumed in conjunction with an acquisition. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually as of December 31. In testing goodwill for impairment, the Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not (more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. When performing a qualitative assessment, the Company evaluates factors such as industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, and other relevant entity specific events and changes. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if the Company chooses not to perform the qualitative assessment, then a quantitative assessment is performed to determine the reporting unit’s fair value. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the amount of the excess of the carrying amount over the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

In addition to the annual impairment test, the Company is required to regularly assess whether a triggering event has occurred which would require interim impairment testing. The Company considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the Company as well as current market capitalization and forecasts. The Company determined that a triggering event has not occurred which would require an interim impairment test to be performed.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, intangible assets increased primarily due to the acquisition of Geneva. See Note 2, “Business Combination” for additional information related to this transaction.

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from eleven months to 15 years. The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

The Company’s Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) dated October 25, 2018 (“Credit Agreement”), as amended on January 31, 2020 by the Consent and Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo (collectively the “Amended Credit Agreement”) provides for a term loan, as well as letters of credit and revolving loans in the aggregate amount of up to $74 million, subject to a borrowing base (“Revolver Commitment”). The borrowing base is calculated by applying various advance rates to eligible accounts receivable, contract assets, inventories, and equipment, subject to various exclusions, adjustments, and sublimits. The Amended Credit Agreement will expire on October 25, 2024.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default, and indemnification provisions in favor of the lender. The negative covenants include restrictions regarding the incurrence of liens and indebtedness and certain acquisitions and dispositions of assets and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. The Amended Credit Agreement also requires the Company to regularly provide financial information to Wells Fargo and to maintain a Senior Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) not greater than 3.00 and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least 1.10 to 1.00. The Company was in compliance with its financial covenants as of September 30, 2020.

The Company's obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in certain real property owned by the Company and its subsidiaries and substantially all of Company’s and its subsidiaries’ other assets.

Line of Credit

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had no outstanding revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and additional revolving loan borrowing capacity of $54.8 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement. Revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at rates related to the daily three month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1.5% to 2.0%. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the weighted-average interest rate for outstanding revolving loan borrowings was 1.74% and 3.43% respectively. The Amended Credit Agreement provides a mechanism for determining an alternative benchmark rate to the LIBOR. The Amended Credit Agreement requires the payment of an unused line fee of between 0.25% and 0.375%, based on the amount by which the Revolver Commitment exceeds the average daily balance of outstanding borrowings (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) during any month. Such fee is payable monthly in arrears.

Long-Term Debt

Pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, on March 31, 2020, the Company entered into a term loan for $15.9 million with Wells Fargo that matures on October 25, 2024 and bears interest at the daily three month LIBOR plus 2.0% to 2.5%. The term loan requires monthly principal payments of $0.3 million plus accrued interest. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding balance of the term loan was $14.6 million. The Company is obligated to prepay the term loan to the extent that the outstanding principal balance at any time exceeds 60% of the fair market value of specified real property securing the loan. The Company is also obligated to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 20% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The potential amount of prepayment from Excess Cash Flow that may be required in 2021, if any, cannot be determined until the results for the year ended December 31, 2020 are final. Subject to certain limitations, the Company may also voluntarily prepay all or a portion of the loan balance upon ten business days’ written notice.

Future scheduled principal payments of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):

The Company has entered into various equipment and property leases. Certain lease agreements include renewals and/or purchase options set to expire at various dates, and certain lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically for inflation. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; costs for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. Because most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate of return, the Company uses its asset-based lending rate in determining the present value of lease payments. Some of the Company's lease agreements contain non-lease components, which are accounted for separately.

The following table summarizes the Company’s leases recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):

Lease cost consists of the following (in thousands):

The future maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes the lease terms and discount rates for the lease liabilities:

The following table presents other information related to the leases (in thousands):

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The authoritative guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. These levels are: Level 1 (inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (inputs are other than quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data); and Level 3 (inputs are unobservable, with little or no market data that exists, such as internal financial forecasts). The Company is required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The following table summarizes information regarding the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The deferred compensation plan assets consist of cash and several publicly traded stock and bond mutual funds, valued using quoted market prices in active markets, classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, as well as guaranteed investment contracts, valued at principal plus interest credited at contract rates, classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Deferred compensation plan assets are included within Other assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are derivatives valued using various pricing models or discounted cash flow analyses that incorporate observable market parameters, such as interest rate yield curves and currency rates, and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Derivative valuations incorporate credit risk adjustments that are necessary to reflect the probability of default by the counterparty or the Company. Foreign currency forward contracts are presented at their gross fair values. Foreign currency forward contract assets are included within Prepaid expenses and other and foreign currency forward contract liabilities are included within Accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and borrowings on the line of credit approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company is obligated to repay the carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is calculated using interest rates for the Company’s existing debt arrangements which are classified as Level 2 inputs within the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt approximates the carrying value as the borrowings bear interest based on current market rates.

For each foreign currency forward contract entered into in which the Company seeks to obtain cash flow hedge accounting treatment, the Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged, how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness in offsetting the hedged risk will be assessed prospectively and retrospectively, and a description of the method of measuring ineffectiveness. This process includes linking all foreign currency forward contracts to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions and designating the foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the foreign currency forward contracts that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. The effective portion of these hedged items is reflected in Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. If it is determined that a foreign currency forward contract is not highly effective, or that it has ceased to be a highly effective hedge, the Company is required to discontinue hedge accounting with respect to that foreign currency forward contract prospectively.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total notional amount of the foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges was $16.7 million (CAD$22.3 million) and $6.1 million (CAD$7.9 million), respectively. All of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement.

As of September 30, 2020, three of the Company's foreign currency forward contracts with notional amounts totaling $11.2 million (CAD$14.9 million) had remaining maturities between 15 and 20 months, and the remaining contracts had maturities less than twelve months.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all foreign currency forward contracts were designated as cash flow hedges. Gains (losses) recognized in Net sales from foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments were $(0.2) million and approximately $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $0.1 million and approximately $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, unrealized pretax losses on outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in Accumulated other comprehensive loss was $(0.1) million, of which approximately $0 is expected to be reclassified to Net sales within the next twelve months as a result of underlying hedged transactions also being recorded in Net sales.

The Company has one active stock incentive plan for employees and directors, the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which provides for awards of stock options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance share awards (“PSAs”).

The Company recognizes the compensation cost of employee and director services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date estimated fair value of the awards. The Company estimates the fair value of RSUs and PSAs using the value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Share-based compensation cost is recognized over the period during which the employee or director is required to provide service in exchange for the award and, as forfeitures occur, the associated compensation cost recognized to date is reversed. For awards with performance-based payout conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost based on the probability of achieving the performance conditions, with changes in expectations recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of change. Any recognized compensation cost is reversed if the conditions are ultimately not met.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense recorded (in thousands):

Stock Option Awards

The Company’s stock incentive plan provides that options become exercisable according to vesting schedules, which range from immediate to ratably over a 60-month period. Options terminate ten years from the date of grant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, 24,000 stock options at a weighted-average exercise price of $24.15 were exercised. As of September 30, 2020, there were no stock options outstanding.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Awards

The Company’s stock incentive plan provides for equity instruments, such as RSUs and PSAs, which grant the right to receive a specified number of shares over a specified period of time. RSUs are service-based awards and vest according to vesting schedules, which range from immediate to ratably over a three-year period. PSAs are service-based awards that vest according to the terms of the grant and have performance-based payout conditions.

The following table summarizes the Company’s RSU and PSA activity:

The unvested balance of RSUs and PSAs as of September 30, 2020 includes approximately 91,000 PSAs at a target level of performance. The vesting of these awards is subject to the achievement of specified performance-based conditions, and the actual number of common shares that will ultimately be issued will be determined by multiplying this number of PSAs by a payout percentage ranging from 0% to 200%.

As of September 30, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to the unvested portion of the Company’s RSUs and PSAs was $2.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Stock Awards

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, stock awards of 17,442 shares and 11,924 shares, respectively, were granted to non-employee directors, which vested immediately upon issuance. The Company recorded compensation expense based on the weighted-average fair market value per share of the awards on the grant date of $25.81 in 2020 and $25.16 in 2019.

Portland Harbor Superfund Site

In December 2000, a section of the lower Willamette River known as the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was included on the National Priorities List at the request of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”). While the Company’s Portland, Oregon manufacturing facility does not border the Willamette River, an outfall from the facility’s stormwater system drains into a neighboring property’s privately owned stormwater system and slip. Also in December 2000, the Company was notified by the EPA and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (“ODEQ”) of potential liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”). A remedial investigation and feasibility study of the Portland Harbor Superfund Site was directed by a group of 14 potentially responsible parties known as the Lower Willamette Group under agreement with the EPA. The EPA finalized the remedial investigation report in February 2016, and the feasibility study in June 2016, which identified multiple remedial alternatives. In January 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision selecting the remedy for cleanup at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site, which it believes will cost approximately $1 billion and 13 years to complete. The EPA has not yet determined who is responsible for the costs of cleanup or how the cleanup costs will be allocated among the more than 150 potentially responsible parties. Because of the large number of potentially responsible parties and the variability in the range of remediation alternatives, the Company is unable to estimate an amount or an amount within a range of costs for its obligation with respect to the Portland Harbor Superfund Site matters, and no further adjustment to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements has been recorded as of the date of this filing.

The ODEQ is separately providing oversight of voluntary investigations and source control activities by the Company involving the Company's site, which are focused on controlling any current “uplands” releases of contaminants into the Willamette River. No liabilities have been established in connection with these investigations because the extent of contamination and the Company's responsibility for the contamination have not yet been determined.

Concurrent with the activities of the EPA and the ODEQ, the Portland Harbor Natural Resources Trustee Council (“Trustees”) sent some or all of the same parties, including the Company, a notice of intent to perform a Natural Resource Damage Assessment (“NRDA”) for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site to determine the nature and extent of natural resource damages under CERCLA Section 107. The Trustees for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site consist of representatives from several Northwest Indian Tribes, three federal agencies, and one state agency. The Trustees act independently of the EPA and the ODEQ. The Trustees have encouraged potentially responsible parties to voluntarily participate in the funding of their injury assessments and several of those parties have agreed to do so. In June 2014, the Company agreed to participate in the injury assessment process, which included funding $0.4 million of the assessment. The Company has not assumed any additional payment obligations or liabilities with the participation with the NRDA. It is uncertain whether the Company will enter into an early settlement for natural resource damages or what costs it may incur in any such early settlement.

In January 2017, the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, a Trustee until they withdrew from the council in 2009, filed a complaint against the potentially responsible parties including the Company to recover costs related to their own injury assessment and compensation for natural resources damages. The Company does not have sufficient information to determine the likelihood of a loss in this matter or the amount of damages that could be allocated to the Company.

The Company has insurance policies for defense costs, as well as indemnification policies it believes will provide reimbursement for the remediation assessed. However, the Company can provide no assurance that those policies will cover all of the costs which the Company may incur.

All Sites

The Company operates its facilities under numerous governmental permits and licenses relating to air emissions, stormwater runoff, and other environmental matters. The Company’s operations are also governed by many other laws and regulations, including those relating to workplace safety and worker health, principally the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations there under which, among other requirements, establish noise and dust standards. The Company believes it is in material compliance with its permits and licenses and these laws and regulations, and the Company does not believe that future compliance with such laws and regulations will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Other Contingencies and Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of its business. The Company maintains insurance coverage against potential claims in amounts that are believed to be adequate. To the extent that insurance does not cover legal, defense, and indemnification costs associated with a loss contingency, the Company records accruals when such losses are considered probable and reasonably estimable. The Company believes that it is not presently a party to litigation, the outcome of which would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Guarantees

The Company has entered into certain letters of credit that total $1.6 million as of September 30, 2020. The letters of credit relate to workers’ compensation insurance.

The Company manufactures water infrastructure steel pipe products, which are generally made to custom specifications for installation contractors serving projects funded by public water agencies, as well as precast and reinforced concrete products. Generally, each of the Company’s contracts with its customers contains a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, is not distinct.

Revenue for water infrastructure steel pipe products is recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses because of the Company’s right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit on cancellations for unique products that have no alternative use to the Company. Revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total direct costs to fulfill each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all material, labor, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligations. The cost of steel material is recognized as a contract cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs, and final contract settlements may result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs, and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts, included in Accrued liabilities, are estimated by comparing total estimated contract revenue to the total estimated contract costs and a loss is recognized during the period in which it becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Revisions in contract estimates resulted in an increase (decrease) in revenue of $0.9 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively and $0.4 million and $(1.1) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Revenue for water infrastructure precast concrete products is recognized at the time control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the products. All variable consideration that may affect the total transaction price, including contractual discounts, returns, and credits, is included in Net sales. Estimates for variable consideration are based on historical experience, anticipated performance, and management's judgment. The Company's contracts do not contain significant financing.

The Company does not recognize revenue on a contract until the contract has approval and commitment from both parties, the contract rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance, and its collectability is probable.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table disaggregates revenue by recognition over time or at a point in time, as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors (in thousands):

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets primarily represent revenue earned over time but not yet billable based on the terms of the contracts. These amounts will be billed based on the terms of the contracts, which can include certain milestones, partial shipments, or completion of the contracts. Payment terms of amounts billed vary based on the customer, but are typically due within 30 days of invoicing.

Contract liabilities represent advance billings on contracts, typically for steel. The Company recognized revenue that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of each period of $3.9 million and $11.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $6.5 million and $3.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Backlog

Backlog represents the balance of remaining performance obligations under signed contracts for water infrastructure steel pipe products. As of September 30, 2020, backlog was approximately $143 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 41% of the remaining performance obligations in 2020, 50% in 2021, and the balance thereafter.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States Federal jurisdiction, in a limited number of foreign jurisdictions, and in many state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to United States Federal, state, or foreign income tax examinations for years before 2016.

The Company recorded income tax expense at an estimated effective income tax rate of 26.6% and 27.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and 19.0% and 16.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company’s estimated effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 approximates the statutory rate, while the estimated effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was impacted primarily by costs associated with the acquisition of Geneva that are expected to be non-deductible for tax purposes. The Company’s estimated effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the estimated changes in the Company’s valuation allowance.

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including stock options, RSUs, and PSAs, to the extent dilutive. Performance-based PSAs are considered dilutive when the related performance conditions have been met assuming the end of the reporting period represents the end of the performance period. In periods with a net loss, all potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the impact would be antidilutive.

Net income per basic and diluted weighted-average common share outstanding was calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures in Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, from those disclosed in the Company’s 2019 Form 10-K, except for the following:

Accounting Changes

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements by removing, modifying, or adding certain disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020 and the impact was not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 (“2020 Q3 Form 10-Q”) contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our business, management’s beliefs, and assumptions made by management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “should,” “could,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of important factors. While it is impossible to identify all such factors, those that could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated by us include:

Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q. If we do update or correct one or more forward-looking statements, investors and others should not conclude that we will make additional updates or corrections with respect thereto or with respect to other forward-looking statements.

Overview

Northwest Pipe Company is a leading manufacturer for water related infrastructure products. In addition to being the largest manufacturer of engineered steel water pipeline systems in North America, we produce high-quality precast and reinforced concrete products, Permalok® steel casing pipe, bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe, as well as custom linings, coatings, joints, and one of the largest offerings of fittings and specialized components. Our manufacturing facilities are strategically positioned to meet growing water and wastewater infrastructure needs. Our solution-based products serve a wide range of markets including water transmission and infrastructure, water and wastewater plant piping, structural stormwater and sewer systems, trenchless technology, and pipeline rehabilitation. Our prominent position is based on a widely-recognized reputation for quality, service, and manufacturing to meet performance expectations in all categories including highly-corrosive environments. These pipeline systems are produced from several manufacturing facilities which are located in Portland, Oregon; Adelanto, California; Saginaw, Texas; Tracy, California; Parkersburg, West Virginia; Salt Lake City, Utah; Orem, Utah; St. George, Utah; St. Louis, Missouri; and San Luis Río Colorado, Mexico.

On January 31, 2020, we completed the acquisition of 100% of Geneva Pipe and Precast Company (fka Geneva Pipe Company, Inc.) for a purchase price of $49.4 million in cash. Geneva is a concrete pipe and precast concrete products manufacturer based in Utah. This acquisition expanded our water infrastructure product capabilities by adding additional reinforced concrete pipe capacity and a full line of precast concrete products including storm drains and manholes, catch basins, vaults, and curb inlets as well as innovative lined products that extend the life of concrete pipe and manholes for sewer applications. Operations have continued with Geneva's previous management and workforce at its three manufacturing facilities.

Our water infrastructure products are sold generally to installation contractors, who include our products in their bids to federal, state, and municipal agencies, privately-owned water companies, or developers for specific projects. We believe our sales are substantially driven by spending on urban growth and new water infrastructure with a recent trend towards spending on water infrastructure replacement, repair, and upgrade. Within the range of products, our precast concrete products mainly serve stormwater and sanitary sewer systems, while our steel pipe tends to fit larger-diameter, higher-pressure pipeline applications.

Our Current Economic Environment

We operate our business with a long-term time horizon. Projects are often planned for many years in advance, and are sometimes part of 50-year build-out plans. Long-term demand for water infrastructure projects in the United States appears strong. However, in the near term, we expect that strained governmental and water agency budgets and financing along with increased manufacturing capacity from competition could impact the business. Fluctuating steel costs will also be a factor, as the ability to adjust our selling prices as steel costs fluctuate depends on market conditions. Purchased steel represents a substantial portion of our cost of sales, and changes in our selling prices often correlate directly to changes in steel costs.

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in governments around the world implementing increasingly stringent measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, “shelter in place” and “stay at home” orders, travel restrictions, business curtailments, school closures, and other measures. In addition, governments and central banks in several parts of the world have enacted fiscal and monetary stimulus measures to counteract the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Consistent with national guidelines and with state and local orders to date, we currently continue to operate our manufacturing facilities in the United States as we produce critical water infrastructure products. We have taken proactive and precautionary steps to ensure the safety of our employees, customers, and suppliers, including frequent cleaning and disinfection of workspaces, property and equipment, instituting social distancing measures, and mandating remote working environments for certain employees.

In early April 2020, we were ordered to close our water infrastructure manufacturing facility in San Luis Río Colorado, Mexico (“SLRC”) as a result of mandates made by Mexican authorities that companies that do not carry out essential activities in Mexico must suspend business operations in order to combat and eradicate the existence and transmission of COVID-19. We diverted orders on a case-by-case basis to our United States-based facilities during this closure. In early June 2020, the Mexican authorities determined our SLRC facility was essential, and allowed weekly increases to our workforce. By July 2020, operations at our SLRC facility were fully restored.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse effect on our reported results for the first nine months of 2020, we are unable to predict the ultimate impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business, future results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. The extent to which our operations may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and actions by government authorities to contain the outbreak or treat its impact. Furthermore, the impacts on global and domestic economic conditions, including the long-term potential to reduce or delay funding of municipal projects, and the continued disruptions to and volatility in the financial markets remain unknown. We are closely monitoring the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, certain financial information regarding costs and expenses expressed in dollars (in thousands) and as a percentage of total Net sales.

We have one operating segment, Water Infrastructure, which produces high-quality engineered steel water pipe, precast and reinforced concrete products, Permalok® steel casing pipe, bar-wrapped concrete cylinder pipe, as well as custom linings, coatings, joints, fittings, and specialized components. These products are primarily used in water infrastructure including water transmission, water and wastewater plant piping, structural stormwater and sewer systems, trenchless technology, and pipeline rehabilitation. See Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I – Item I. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q for information on our acquisition of Geneva in January 2020.

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Net sales. Net sales increased 3.2% to $77.6 million for the third quarter of 2020 compared to $75.2 million for the third quarter of 2019 and increased 4.6% to $216.5 million for the first nine months of 2020 compared to $207.1 million for the first nine months of 2019. The increase in net sales was due to the acquired Geneva operations, which contributed $12.5 million and $32.9 million in net sales during the third quarter and first nine months of 2020, respectively. Net sales decreased at legacy facilities for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to a 37% decrease in tons produced as a result of project timing, which was partially offset by a 37% increase in selling price per ton due to a change in product mix. Net sales decreased at legacy facilities for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019 primarily due to a 27% decrease in tons produced resulting from the shut-down of our SLRC facility and changes in project timing, which were partially offset by a 22% increase in selling price per ton due to a change in product mix. Bidding activity, backlog, and production levels may vary significantly from period to period affecting sales volumes.

Gross profit. Gross profit increased 0.9% to $15.6 million (20.1% of Net sales) for the third quarter of 2020 compared to $15.5 million (20.6% of Net sales) for the third quarter of 2019 and increased 26.1% to $38.2 million (17.6% of Net sales) for the first nine months of 2020 compared to $30.3 million (14.6% of Net sales) for the first nine months of 2019. The increase in gross profit for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019 was primarily due to the addition of the acquired Geneva operations, partially offset by lower production volumes at legacy facilities. The increase in gross profit for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to the addition of the acquired Geneva operations and improved product pricing at our legacy facilities. This was partially offset by lower production volume at our legacy facilities, which included the second quarter shut-down of our SLRC facility. Additionally, as a result of the fire at our Saginaw facility in April 2019, $1.4 million of business interruption insurance recovery (net of incremental production costs) was recorded in the first nine months of 2020, compared to $2.9 million of incremental production costs (net of business interruption insurance recovery) in the first nine months of 2019.

Selling, general, and administrative expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense increased 15.4% to $5.7 million (7.3% of Net sales) for the third quarter of 2020 compared to $4.9 million (6.5% of Net sales) for the third quarter of 2019 and increased 38.5% to $19.2 million (8.8% of Net sales) for the first nine months of 2020 compared to $13.9 million (6.7% of Net sales) for the first nine months of 2019. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expense for the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019 was primarily due to $0.8 million in higher compensation-related expense and $0.2 million in higher intangible amortization expense due to the addition of Geneva offset by $0.3 million in lower professional and other fees. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expense for the first nine months of 2020 compared to the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to $2.1 million in higher acquisition-related transaction costs, $2.4 million in higher compensation-related expense, and $0.6 million in higher intangible amortization expense due to the addition of Geneva.

Income taxes. Income tax expense was $2.6 million in the third quarter of 2020 (an effective income tax rate of 26.6%) compared to $2.5 million in the third quarter of 2019 (an effective income tax rate of 19.0%) and was $5.3 million in the first nine months of 2020 (an effective income tax rate of 27.7%) compared to $3.2 million in the first nine months of 2019 (an effective income tax rate of 16.6%). Our estimated effective income tax rate for the third quarter of 2020 approximates the statutory rate, while our estimated effective income tax rate for the first nine months of 2020 was impacted primarily by costs associated with the acquisition of Geneva that are expected to be non-deductible for tax purposes. Our estimated effective income tax rate for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 was primarily impacted by the estimated changes in our valuation allowance. Our estimated effective income tax rate can change significantly depending on the relationship of permanent income tax deductions and tax credits to estimated pre-tax income or loss and the changes in valuation allowances. Accordingly, the comparison of estimated effective income tax rates between periods is not meaningful in all situations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

Our principal sources of liquidity generally include operating cash flows and the Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”) dated October 25, 2018 (“Credit Agreement”), as amended on January 31, 2020 by the Consent and Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo (collectively the “Amended Credit Agreement”). From time to time our long-term capital needs may be met through the issuance of long-term debt or additional equity. Our principal uses of liquidity generally include capital expenditures, working capital, and debt service. Information regarding our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are presented in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows contained in Part I – Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q, and are further discussed below.

As we cannot predict the duration or scope of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our customers and suppliers, the potential negative financial impact to our results cannot be reasonably estimated, but could be material. We are actively managing the business to maintain cash flow and believe we have liquidity to meet our anticipated funding requirements and other near-term obligations.

As of September 30, 2020, our working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) was $147.9 million compared to $153.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $30.4 million and $31.0 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Fluctuations in our working capital accounts result from timing differences between production, shipment, invoicing, and collection, as well as changes in levels of production and costs of materials. We typically have a relatively large investment in working capital, as we generally pay for materials, labor, and other production costs in the initial stages of a project, while payments from our customers are generally received after finished product is delivered. A portion of our revenues are recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses; therefore, cash receipts typically occur subsequent to when revenue is recognized and the elapsed time between when revenue is recorded and when cash is received can be significant. As such, our payment cycle is a significantly shorter interval than our collection cycle, although the effect of this difference in the cycles may vary by project, and from period to period.

There were no revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2020 or the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2019.

Net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2020 was $43.4 million compared to $21.4 million in the first nine months of 2019. Net income, adjusted for non-cash items, generated $31.8 million of operating cash flow in the first nine months of 2020 compared to $29.0 million in the first nine months of 2019. The net change in working capital resulted in an increase to net cash provided by operations of $11.6 million in the first nine months of 2020 compared to a decrease of $7.6 million in the first nine months of 2019.

Net cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of 2020 was $57.2 million compared to $4.5 million in the first nine months of 2019. Net cash used in investing activities in the first nine months of 2020 includes the acquisition of Geneva of $48.7 million, net of cash acquired. Capital expenditures were $9.8 million in the first nine months of 2020 compared to $5.9 million in the first nine months of 2019, which was primarily standard capital replacement. We currently expect capital expenditures in 2020 to be approximately $15 million, primarily for standard capital replacement. Insurance proceeds include $1.4 million related to the fire at our Saginaw facility in the first nine months of 2020 and 2019.

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities in the first nine months of 2020 was $13.2 million compared to $(11.8) million in the first nine months of 2019. Net borrowings on long-term debt were $14.6 million in the first nine months of 2020. There were no net borrowings (repayments) on the line of credit in the first nine months of 2020 compared to $(11.5) million in the first nine months of 2019.

We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash flows expected to be generated by operations, and amounts available under the Amended Credit Agreement will be adequate to fund our working capital, debt service, and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. To the extent necessary, we may also satisfy capital requirements through additional bank borrowings, senior notes, term notes, subordinated debt, and finance and operating leases, if such resources are available on satisfactory terms. We have from time to time evaluated and continue to evaluate opportunities for acquisitions and expansion. Any such transactions, if consummated, may use a portion of our working capital or necessitate additional bank borrowings or other sources of funding. As previously discussed, we acquired Geneva in January 2020, which was funded by working capital and borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement.

On November 3, 2020, our registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-249637) covering the potential future sale of up to $150 million of our equity and/or debt securities or combinations thereof, was declared effective by the SEC. This registration statement, which replaces the registration statement on Form S‑3 that expired on September 15, 2020, provides another potential source of capital, in addition to other alternatives already in place. We cannot be certain that funding will be available on favorable terms or available at all. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our shareholders may experience significant dilution. As of the date of this 2020 Q3 Form 10‑Q, we have not yet sold any securities under this registration statement, nor do we have an obligation to do so. Please refer to the factors discussed in Part I – Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10‑K.

Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt

The Amended Credit Agreement expires on October 25, 2024 and provides for a term loan, as well as letters of credit and revolving loans in the aggregate amount of up to $74 million, subject to a borrowing base (“Revolver Commitment”). As of September 30, 2020, under the Amended Credit Agreement, we had $14.6 million of outstanding long-term debt, $1.6 million of outstanding letters of credit, and no revolving loan borrowings. As of September 30, 2020, we had additional revolving loan borrowing capacity of $54.8 million. Based on our business plan and forecasts of operations, we expect to have sufficient credit availability to support our operations for at least the next twelve months.

Pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, on March 31, 2020, we entered into a term loan for $15.9 million with Wells Fargo that matures on October 25, 2024 and bears interest at the daily three month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.0% to 2.5%. The Amended Credit Agreement also provides a mechanism for determining an alternative benchmark rate to the LIBOR. The term loan requires monthly principal payments of $0.3 million plus accrued interest. We are obligated to prepay the term loan to the extent that the outstanding principal balance at any time exceeds 60% of the fair market value of specified real property securing the loan. We are also obligated to prepay the term loan in an amount equal to 20% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The potential amount of prepayment from Excess Cash Flow that may be required in 2021, if any, cannot be determined until the results for the year ended December 31, 2020 are final. Subject to certain limitations, we may also voluntarily prepay the balance upon ten business days’ written notice.

Revolving loan borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at rates related to the daily three month LIBOR plus 1.5% to 2.0%. The Amended Credit Agreement requires the payment of an unused line fee of between 0.25% and 0.375%, based on the amount by which the Revolver Commitment exceeds the average daily balance of outstanding borrowings (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) during any month. Such fee is payable monthly in arrears.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants, events of default, and indemnification provisions in favor of the lender. The negative covenants include restrictions regarding the incurrence of liens and indebtedness and certain acquisitions and dispositions of assets and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. The Amended Credit Agreement also requires us to regularly provide financial information to Wells Fargo. Under the terms of the Amended Credit Agreement, mandatory prepayments may be required to the extent the revolving loans exceed the borrowing base or the Maximum Revolver Amount (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement), or in the event we or our named affiliates receive cash proceeds from the sale or disposition of assets (including proceeds of insurance or arising from casualty losses), subject to certain limitations and exceptions, including sales of assets in the ordinary course of business.

The Amended Credit Agreement imposes financial covenants requiring us to maintain a Senior Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) not greater than 3.00 and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least 1.10 to 1.00. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of September 30, 2020. Based on our business plan and forecasts of operations, we believe we will remain in compliance with our financial covenants for the next twelve months.

Our obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in certain real property owned by us and our subsidiaries and substantially all of our and our subsidiaries’ other assets.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recent accounting pronouncements affecting our company, including the dates of adoption and estimated effects on financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, see Note 14 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I – Item I. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10‑Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I – Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate all of our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, business combinations, goodwill, inventories, property and equipment, including depreciation and valuation, share-based compensation, income taxes, allowance for doubtful accounts, and litigation and other contingencies. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Other than the policies discussed below, there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our 2019 Form 10-K. As a result of our acquisition of Geneva, our revenue recognition policy was updated for the addition of water infrastructure precast concrete products and our goodwill policy was added to our listing of critical accounting policies and estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue for water infrastructure steel pipe products is recognized over time as the manufacturing process progresses because of our right to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit on cancellations for unique products that have no alternative use to us. Revenue is measured by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total direct costs to fulfill each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include all material, labor, and other direct costs incurred in satisfying the performance obligations. The cost of steel material is recognized as a contract cost when the steel is introduced into the manufacturing process. Estimated total costs of each contract are reviewed on a monthly basis by project management and operations personnel for all active projects. All cost revisions that result in a material change in gross profit are reviewed by senior management personnel. Significant judgment is required in estimating total costs and measuring the progress of project completion, as well as whether a loss is expected to be incurred on the contract. We use certain assumptions and develop estimates based on a number of factors, including the degree of required product customization, our historical experience, the project plans, and an assessment of the risks and uncertainties inherent in the contract related to implementation delays or performance issues that may or may not be within our control. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract change orders, contract penalty provisions, foreign currency exchange rate movements, changes in raw materials costs, and final contract settlements may result in revisions to estimates of revenue, costs, and income, and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Provisions for losses on uncompleted contracts are estimated by comparing total estimated contract revenue to the total estimated contract costs and a loss is recognized during the period in which it becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Revenue for water infrastructure precast concrete products is recognized at the time control is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the products. All variable consideration that may affect the total transaction price, including contractual discounts, returns, and credits, is included in net sales. Estimates for variable consideration are based on historical experience, anticipated performance, and management's judgment. Our contracts do not contain significant financing.

We do not recognize revenue on a contract until the contract has approval and commitment from both parties, the contract rights and payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance, and its collectability is probable.

Goodwill

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually as of December 31 or whenever events occur or circumstances change that indicates goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (also known as a component).

In testing goodwill for impairment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances indicate that it is more-likely-than-not (more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. When performing a qualitative assessment, we evaluate factors such as industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, and other relevant entity specific events and changes. In the evaluation, we look at the long-term prospects for the reporting unit and recognize that current performance may not be the best indicator of future prospects or value, which requires management judgment.

If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or if we choose not to perform the qualitative assessment, then a quantitative assessment is performed to determine the reporting unit’s fair value. The fair value calculation uses a combination of income and market approaches. The income approach is based upon projected future after-tax cash flows discounted to present value using factors that consider the timing and risk associated with the future after-tax cash flows. The market approach is based upon historical and/or forward-looking measures using multiples of revenue or earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization. We utilize a weighted average of the income and market approaches, with a heavier weighting on the income approach because of the relatively limited number of direct comparable entities for which relevant multiples are available. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the amount of the excess of the carrying amount over the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

For a discussion of our market risk associated with foreign currencies and interest rates, see Part II – Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our 2019 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. As a result of the assessment, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of September 30, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

As discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I – Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q, we completed the acquisition of 100% of Geneva on January 31, 2020. As part of our post-closing integration activities, we are engaged in the process of assessing the internal controls of Geneva. We have begun to integrate policies, processes, people, technology, and operations for the post-acquisition combined company, and we will continue to evaluate the impact of any related changes to internal control over financial reporting. As permitted for newly acquired businesses by interpretive guidance issued by the staff of the SEC, management has excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Geneva from its evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. We have reported the operating results of Geneva in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and cash flows from the acquisition date through September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, total assets related to Geneva represented approximately 24.3% of our total assets, recorded on a preliminary basis as the measurement period for the business combination remained open as of September 30, 2020. Revenues from Geneva represented approximately 15.2% of our total consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for changes in internal controls that we have made related to the integration of Geneva into the post-acquisition combined company, there were no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. We do not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material impact on our consolidated financial results. We are also involved in other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek to impose fines, penalties, and other costs in substantial amounts. See Note 10 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I – Item 1. “Financial Statements” of this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth below and elsewhere in this 2020 Q3 Form 10-Q, the factors discussed in Part I – Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Form 10-K could materially affect our business, financial condition, or operating results. The risks described in our 2019 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. There are additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial, that may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or operating results.