NORTHWESTERN CORP - Annual Report: 2013 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
(Mark One)
S | ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013
OR
£ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 1-10499
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 46-0172280 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
3010 W. 69th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota | 57108 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 605-978-2900
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
(Title of each class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) | |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | New York Stock Exchange | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Large Accelerated Filer x Accelerated Filer o Non-accelerated Filer o Smaller Reporting Company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was $1,534,085,000 computed using the last sales price of $39.90 per share of the registrant’s common stock on June 30, 2013, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.
As of February 14, 2014, 38,767,473 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Certain sections of our Proxy Statement for the 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K
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INDEX | ||
Part I | Page | |
Part II | ||
Part III | ||
Part IV | ||
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
On one or more occasions, we may make statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding our assumptions, projections, expectations, targets, intentions or beliefs about future events. All statements other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report, relating to management's current expectations of future financial performance, continued growth, changes in economic conditions or capital markets and changes in customer usage patterns and preferences are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Words or phrases such as “anticipates," “may," “will," “should," “believes," “estimates," “expects," “intends," “plans," “predicts," “projects," “targets," “will likely result," “will continue" or similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. We caution that while we make such statements in good faith and believe such statements are based on reasonable assumptions, including without limitation, management's examination of historical operating trends, data contained in records and other data available from third parties, we cannot assure you that we will achieve our projections. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to:
• | potential adverse federal, state, or local legislation or regulation, including costs of compliance with existing and future environmental requirements, as well as adverse determinations by regulators, could have a material effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition; |
• | changes in availability of trade credit, creditworthiness of counterparties, usage, commodity prices, fuel supply costs or availability due to higher demand, shortages, weather conditions, transportation problems or other developments, may reduce revenues or may increase operating costs, each of which could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations; |
• | unscheduled generation outages or forced reductions in output, maintenance or repairs, which may reduce revenues and increase cost of sales or may require additional capital expenditures or other increased operating costs; and |
• | adverse changes in general economic and competitive conditions in the U.S. financial markets and in our service territories. |
In addition, actual results may differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statement due to the timing and likelihood of the closing of the purchase of PPL Montana LLC's hydro-electric generating facilities (Hydro Transaction). See Note 3 - Acquisitions and Significant Events, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information relative to this transaction.
We have attempted to identify, in context, certain of the factors that we believe may cause actual future experience and results to differ materially from our current expectation regarding the relevant matter or subject area. In addition to the items specifically discussed above, our business and results of operations are subject to the uncertainties described under the caption “Risk Factors" which is part of the disclosure included in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
From time to time, oral or written forward-looking statements are also included in our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K, Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A, press releases, analyst and investor conference calls, and other communications released to the public. We believe that at the time made, the expectations reflected in all of these forward-looking statements are and will be reasonable. However, any or all of the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K, our Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A and any other public statements that are made by us may prove to be incorrect. This may occur as a result of assumptions, which turn out to be inaccurate or as a consequence of known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, certain of which are beyond our control, will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from forward-looking statements. In light of these and other uncertainties, you should not regard the inclusion of any of our forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or other public communications as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved, and you should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation, to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. However, your attention is directed to any further disclosures made on related subjects in our subsequent annual and periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A.
Unless the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “NorthWestern Corporation,” “NorthWestern Energy,” and “NorthWestern” refer specifically to NorthWestern Corporation and its subsidiaries.
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GLOSSARY
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) - The single source of authoritative nongovernmental GAAP, which supersedes all existing accounting standards.
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC) - A regulatory accounting convention that represents the estimated composite interest costs of debt and a return on equity funds used to finance construction. The allowance is capitalized in the property accounts and included in income.
Base-Load - The minimum amount of electric power or natural gas delivered or required over a given period of time at a steady rate. The minimum continuous load or demand in a power system over a given period of time usually is not temperature sensitive.
Base-Load Capacity - The generating equipment normally operated to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
Cushion Gas - The natural gas required in a gas storage reservoir to maintain a pressure sufficient to permit recovery of stored gas.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - A Federal agency charged with protecting the environment.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) - The Federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas transmission and related services pricing, oil pipeline rates and gas pipeline certification.
Franchise - A special privilege conferred by a unit of state or local government on an individual or corporation to occupy and use the public ways and streets for benefit to the public at large. Local distribution companies typically have franchises for utility service granted by state or local governments.
GAAP - Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Hedging - Entering into transactions to manage various types of risk (e.g. commodity risk).
Hinshaw Exemption - A pipeline company (defined by the Natural Gas Act (NGA) and exempted from FERC jurisdiction under the NGA) defined as a regulated company engaged in transportation in interstate commerce, or the sale in interstate commerce for resale, of natural gas received by that company from another person within or at the boundary of a state, if all the natural gas so received is ultimately consumed within such state. A pipeline company with a Hinshaw exemption may receive a certificate authorizing it to transport natural gas out of the state in which it is located, without giving up its Hinshaw exemption.
Lignite Coal - The lowest rank of coal, often referred to as brown coal, used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generation. It has high inherent moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis.
Midcontinent Area Power Pool (MAPP) - A voluntary association of electric utilities and other electric industry participants that acts as a regional transmission group, responsible for facilitating open access of the transmission system and a generation reserve sharing pool to meet regional demand.
Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO) - The MISO is a nonprofit organization created in compliance with FERC as a regional transmission organization, to improve the flow of electricity in the regional marketplace and to enhance electric reliability. Additionally, MISO is responsible for managing the energy markets, managing transmission constraints, managing the day-ahead, real-time and financial transmission rights markets and managing the ancillary market.
Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO) - MRO is one of eight regional electric reliability councils under NERC.
Montana Public Service Commission (MPSC) - The state agency that regulates public utilities doing business in Montana.
Mountain States Transmission Intertie (MSTI) - Our proposed 500 kV transmission line from southwestern Montana to southeastern Idaho with a potential capacity of 1,500 MWs.
Nebraska Public Service Commission (NPSC) - The state agency that regulates public utilities doing business in Nebraska.
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North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) - NERC oversees eight regional reliability entities and encompasses all of the interconnected power systems of the contiguous United States. NERC's major responsibilities include developing standards for power system operation, monitoring and enforcing compliance with those standards, assessing resource adequacy, and providing educational and training resources as part of an accreditation program to ensure power system operators remain qualified and proficient.
Open Access - Non-discriminatory, fully equal access to transportation or transmission services offered by a pipeline or electric utility.
Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) -The OATT, which is established by the FERC, defines the terms and conditions of point-to-point and network integration transmission services offered by us, and requires that transmission owners provide open, non-discriminatory access on their transmission system to transmission customers.
Peak Load - A measure of the maximum amount of energy delivered at a point in time.
Qualifying Facility (QF) - As defined under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, a QF sells power to a regulated utility at a price determined by a public service commission that is intended to be equal to that which the utility would otherwise pay if it were to build its own power plant or buy power from another source.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - The U.S. agency charged with protecting investors, maintaining fair, orderly and efficient markets and facilitating capital formation.
South Dakota Public Utilities Commission (SDPUC) - The state agency that regulates public utilities doing business in South Dakota.
Sub-bituminous Coal - A coal whose properties range from those of lignite to those of bituminous coal and used primarily as fuel for steam-electric power generation. Sub-bituminous coal contains 20 to 30 percent inherent moisture by weight. The heat content of sub-bituminous coal ranges from 17 to 24 million Btu per ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis.
Tariffs - A collection of the rate schedules and service rules authorized by a federal or state commission. It lists the rates a regulated entity will charge to provide service to its customers as well as the terms and conditions that it will follow in providing service.
Tolling Contract - An arrangement whereby a party moves fuel to a power generator and receives kilowatt hours (kWh) in return for a pre-established fee.
Transmission - The flow of electricity from generating stations over high voltage lines to substations. The electricity then flows from the substations into a distribution network.
Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) - A federal power-marketing administration and electric transmission agency established by Congress.
Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) - WECC is one of eight regional electric reliability councils under NERC.
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Measurements:
Billion Cubic Feet (Bcf) - A unit used to measure large quantities of gas, approximately equal to 1 trillion Btu.
British Thermal Unit (Btu) - a basic unit used to measure natural gas; the amount of natural gas needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
Degree-Day - A measure of the coldness / warmness of the weather experienced, based on the extent to which the daily mean temperature falls below or above a reference temperature.
Dekatherm - A measurement of natural gas; ten therms or one million Btu.
Kilovolt (kV) - A unit of electrical power equal to one thousand volts.
Megawatt (MW) - A unit of electrical power equal to one million watts or one thousand kilowatts.
Megawatt Hour (MWH) - One million watt-hours of electric energy. A unit of electrical energy which equals one megawatt of power used for one hour.
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Part I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
NorthWestern Corporation, doing business as NorthWestern Energy, provides electricity and natural gas to approximately 678,200 customers in Montana, South Dakota and Nebraska. We have generated and distributed electricity in South Dakota and distributed natural gas in South Dakota and Nebraska since 1923 and have generated and distributed electricity and distributed natural gas in Montana since 2002.
We were incorporated in Delaware in November 1923. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, along with our annual report to shareholders and other information related to us, are available, free of charge, on our Internet website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those documents with, or otherwise furnish them to, the SEC. This information is available in print to any shareholder who requests it. Requests should be directed to: Investor Relations, NorthWestern Corporation, 3010 W. 69th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108 and our telephone number is (605) 978-2900. We maintain an Internet website at http://www.northwesternenergy.com. Our Internet website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We operate our business in the following reporting segments:
• | Electric operations; |
• | Natural gas operations; |
• | All other, which primarily consists of a remaining unregulated natural gas contract, the wind down of our captive insurance subsidiary and our unallocated corporate costs. |
SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS
Hydro Transaction
On September 26, 2013, we entered into an agreement with PPL Montana, LLC (PPL Montana), a wholly owned subsidiary of PPL Corporation, to purchase PPL Montana's hydro-electric generating facilities and associated assets located in Montana, which includes approximately 633 megawatts of hydro-electric generation capacity, for a purchase price of $900 million (Hydro Transaction). Assuming receipt of reasonably satisfactory regulatory approvals, we expect this transaction to close in the second half of 2014. See Note 3 - Acquisitions and Significant Events, to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information relative to this transaction.
ELECTRIC OPERATIONS
MONTANA
Our regulated electric utility business in Montana includes generation, transmission and distribution. Our service territory covers approximately 107,600 square miles, representing approximately 73% of Montana's land area, and includes a 2010 census population of approximately 875,700. We deliver electricity to approximately 344,500 customers in 187 communities and their surrounding rural areas, 15 rural electric cooperatives and in Wyoming to the Yellowstone National Park. In 2013, by category, residential, commercial, industrial, and other sales accounted for approximately 37%, 44%, 6%, and 13%, respectively, of our Montana regulated electric utility revenue. We also transmit electricity for nonregulated entities owning generation facilities, other utilities and power marketers serving the Montana electricity market. The total control area peak demand was approximately 1,730 MWs, with approximately 1,227 MWs per hour for the year on average, and energy delivered of more than 10.7 million MWHs during the year ended December 31, 2013. Our Montana electric distribution system consists of approximately 17,500 miles of overhead and underground distribution lines and 386 transmission and distribution substations.
Our Montana electric transmission system consists of approximately 6,900 miles of transmission lines, ranging from 50 to 500 kV, 288 circuit segments and approximately 104,000 transmission poles on approximately 76,000 structures with
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associated transformation and terminal facilities, and extends throughout the western two-thirds of Montana from Colstrip in the east to Thompson Falls in the west. The system has interconnections with six major nonaffiliated transmission systems located in the WECC area, including a 2013 interconnection to Alberta, Canada, as well as one interconnection to a nonaffiliated system that connects with the MAPP region. We are directly interconnected with Avista Corporation; Idaho Power Company; PacifiCorp; the Bonneville Power Administration; WAPA; and the Montana Alberta Tie Ltd. Such interconnections, coupled with transmission line capacity made available under agreements with some of the above entities, permit the interchange, purchase, and sale of power among all major electric systems in the west interconnecting with the winter-peaking northern and summer-peaking southern regions of the Western power system. We provide wholesale transmission service and firm and non-firm transmission services for eligible transmission customers. Our 500 kV transmission system, which is jointly owned, along with our 230 kV and 161 kV facilities, form the key assets of our Montana transmission system. Lower voltage systems, which range from 50 kV to 115 kV, provide for local area service needs.
Our current annual retail electric supply load requirements average approximately 750 MWs, with a peak load of approximately 1,200 MWs, and are supplied by contracted and owned resources and market purchases with multiple counterparties. Owned generation resources supplied approximately 30% of our retail load requirements for 2013. We have a power purchase agreement with PPL Montana for 200 MWs of on-peak supply and 125 MWs of off-peak supply through June 2014. We also purchase power under QF contracts entered into under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, which provide a total of 174 MWs of contracted capacity, including capacity from waste petroleum coke and waste coal and 87 MWs of capacity from hydro and wind resources located in Montana. We have several other long and medium-term power purchase agreements including contracts for 135 MWs of renewable wind generation and 21 MWs of seasonal base-load hydro supply. We file a biennial Electric Supply Resource Procurement Plan with the MPSC, which guides future resource acquisition activities. Our most recent plan was filed in December 2013. Including both owned and contracted resources, for 2014 we have resources to provide 88% of the energy requirements necessary to meet our forecasted retail load requirements.
We have a 30% joint ownership interest in Colstrip Unit 4, which provides base-load supply and is operated by PPL Montana. PPL Montana has a 30% joint ownership interest in Colstrip Unit 3. We have a risk sharing agreement with PPL Montana regarding the operation of Colstrip Units 3 and 4, where each party receives 15% of the respective combined output and is responsible for 15% of the respective operating and construction costs, regardless of whether a particular cost is specified to Colstrip Unit 3 or 4. However, each party is responsible for its own fuel-related costs. Colstrip Unit 4 is supplied with fuel from adjacent coal reserves under coal supply and transportation agreements in effect through 2019. We also own the 40 MW Spion Kop wind project, which we purchased and placed into service in 2012. Details of our generating facilities are described further in the chart below.
Name and Location of Plant | Fuel Source | Plant Capacity (MW) | Ownership Interest | Demonstrated Capacity (MW) | |||||||
Colstrip Unit 4, located near Colstrip in southeastern Montana | Sub-bituminous coal | 740 | 30 | % | 222 | ||||||
Spion Kop Wind, located in Judith Basin County in Montana | Wind | 40 | 100 | % | 40 | ||||||
The Dave Gates Generating Station at Mill Creek (DGGS), a 150 MW natural gas fired facility, provides regulation service (in place of previously contracted services). The facility normally operates with two units, with a third unit available as an operating spare. With the two units, DGGS is capable of providing up to 93 MW of regulation service under optimum conditions. The third unit can be placed into service which, together with the two units, can provide up to 105 MW of capacity which is our current peak regulation requirement. In addition, DGGS provided approximately 7 MWs of retail base-load requirements in 2013.
Name and Location of Plant | Fuel Source | Plant Capacity (MW) | Ownership Interest | Regulation Capacity (MW) | |||||||
Dave Gates Generating Station, located near Anaconda, Montana | Natural Gas | 150 | 100 | % | 105 | ||||||
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) enacted in Montana require that 10% of our annual electric supply portfolio be derived from eligible renewable sources, including resources such as wind, biomass, solar, and small hydroelectric. In 2015, the RPS requirement increases to 15%. We can use renewable energy credits (RECs) to satisfy the RPS. Any RECs in excess of the annual requirements for a given year are carried forward for up to two years to meet future RPS needs.
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The following is a summary of our RPS requirements and RECs over the last three years:
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||
RPS | 10% | 10% | 10% | ||||
RECs beginning of period | 94,258 | 152,065 | 191,959 | ||||
RECs generated | 832,889 | 537,088 | 535,218 | ||||
RPS requirement | (593,140 | ) | (594,895) | (575,112 | ) | ||
Estimated Excess RECs carried forward | 334,007 | 94,258 | 152,065 | ||||
The amounts in the table above reflect estimates of the RECs for the year, with the final amounts determined in the following year and any prior year adjustment is reflected in the RECs generated. The penalty for not meeting the RPS is up to $10 per MWH for each REC short of the requirement. Given our portfolio of resources, including the addition of the Spion Kop wind project and carry forward RECs, we believe we will meet the Montana RPS requirements through at least 2028.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Our South Dakota electric utility business operates as a vertically integrated generation, transmission and distribution utility. We have the exclusive right to serve an area in South Dakota comprised of 25 counties with a combined 2010 census population of approximately 226,200. We provide retail electricity to more than 62,100 customers in 110 communities in South Dakota. In 2013, by category, residential, commercial and other sales accounted for approximately 38%, 55%, and 7%, respectively, of our South Dakota electric utility revenue. Peak demand was approximately 326 MWs, the average daily load was approximately 179 MWs, and more than 1.56 million MWHs were supplied during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Our transmission and distribution network in South Dakota consists of approximately 3,350 miles of overhead and underground transmission and distribution lines as well as 123 substations. We have interconnection and pooling arrangements with the transmission facilities of Otter Tail Power Company; Montana-Dakota Utilities Co.; Xcel Energy Inc.; and WAPA. We have emergency interconnections with the transmission facilities of East River Electric Cooperative, Inc. and West Central Electric Cooperative. These interconnection and pooling arrangements enable us to arrange purchases or sales of substantial quantities of electric power and energy with other pool members and to participate in the efficiency benefits of pool arrangements.
Our electric supply load requirements are primarily provided by power plants that we own jointly with unaffiliated parties. Each of the jointly owned plants is subject to a joint management structure. We are not the operator of any of these plants. Except as otherwise noted, based upon our ownership interest, we are entitled to a proportionate share of the electricity generated in our jointly owned plants and are responsible for a proportionate share of the operating expense. During periods of lower demand, electricity in excess of our load requirements is sold in the competitive wholesale market. In 2013, this was approximately 6% of our share of the power generated. We estimate our base-load generation capacity is adequate to meet customer supply needs through at least 2015.
We use market purchases and peaking generation to provide peak supply in excess of our base-load capacity. We entered into an agreement with Basin Electric Power Cooperative to supply firm capacity of 11 MW in 2013, 15 MW in 2014, and 19 MW in 2015. We have a resource plan that includes estimates of customer usage and programs to provide for the economic, reliable and timely supply of energy. We continue to update our load forecast to identify the future electric energy needs of our customers, and we evaluate additional generating capacity requirements on an ongoing basis. We completed construction of a 60 MW simple cycle peaking facility located in Aberdeen, South Dakota and placed it in operation during April 2013. We also have several wholly owned peaking/standby generating units at seven locations throughout our service territory.
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Details of our generating facilities are described further in the chart below.
Name and Location of Plant | Fuel Source | Plant Capacity (MW) | Ownership Interest | Demonstrated Capacity (MW) | |||||||
Big Stone Plant, located near Big Stone City in northeastern South Dakota | Sub-bituminous coal | 475 | 23.4 | % | 111.15 | ||||||
Coyote I Electric Generating Station, located near Beulah, North Dakota | Lignite coal | 427 | 10.0 | % | 42.70 | ||||||
Neal Electric Generating Unit No. 4, located near Sioux City, Iowa | Sub-bituminous coal | 644 | 8.7 | % | 56.11 | ||||||
Aberdeen Generating Unit, located near Aberdeen, South Dakota | Natural gas | 60 | 100.0 | % | 43.87 | ||||||
Miscellaneous combustion turbine units and small diesel units (used only during peak periods) | Combination of fuel oil and natural gas | 100.0 | % | 106.13 | |||||||
Total Capacity | 359.96 | ||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2013, 93% of the electricity utilized in South Dakota came from coal, 6% came from a wind purchased power contract, and 1% came from natural gas and fuel oil.
The fuel for our jointly owned base-load generating plants is provided through supply contracts of various lengths with several coal companies. Coyote is a mine-mouth generating facility. Neal #4 and Big Stone receive their fuel supply via rail. The average delivered cost by type of fuel burned varies between generation facilities due to differences in transportation costs and owner purchasing power for coal supply. Changes in our fuel costs are passed on to customers through the operation of the fuel adjustment clause in our South Dakota tariffs.
Instead of an RPS, South Dakota has a voluntary renewable and recycled energy objective. The objective states that 10% of all electricity sold at retail within South Dakota by 2015 be obtained from renewable energy and recycled energy sources. In 2013, approximately 5.4% of the South Dakota retail needs were generated from renewable resources.
Our South Dakota operations are a member of the MAPP, which is an area power pool arrangement consisting of utilities and power suppliers having transmission interconnections located in a nine-state area in the North Central region of the United States and in two Canadian provinces. WAPA is a member of MAPP. We are within WAPA's balancing authority and are transmission dependent on WAPA. WAPA has announced that it is evaluating joining the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) regional transmission organization by the end of 2015. Due to our transmission ties with WAPA, we have also begun an evaluation process of alternatives should WAPA move from MAPP. The terms and conditions of our agreements with MAPP and WAPA are subject to the jurisdiction of FERC.
We have a contract through 2020 with WAPA for transmission services, including transmission of electricity from Big Stone, Coyote, and Neal #4 to our South Dakota service areas through seven points of interconnection on WAPA's system. Transmission services under this agreement, and our costs for such services, are variable and depend upon a number of factors, including the respective parties' system peak demand and the number of our transmission assets that are integrated into WAPA's system. In 2013, our costs for services under this contract totaled approximately $4.5 million. Our tariffs in South Dakota generally allow us to pass through these transmission costs to our customers.
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NATURAL GAS OPERATIONS
MONTANA
We distribute natural gas to approximately 184,300 customers in 105 Montana communities, along with propane to 563 customers in the Townsend area. We also serve several smaller distribution companies that provide service to approximately 32,000 customers. Our natural gas distribution system consists of approximately 5,000 miles of underground distribution pipelines. We transmit natural gas in Montana from production receipt points and storage facilities to distribution points and other nonaffiliated transmission systems. We transported natural gas volumes of approximately 42 Bcf, and our peak capacity was approximately 335,000 dekatherms per day during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Our natural gas transmission system consists of more than 2,000 miles of pipeline, which vary in diameter from two inches to 24 inches, and serve more than 130 city gate stations. We have connections in Montana with four major, nonaffiliated transmission systems: Williston Basin Interstate Pipeline, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd., Colorado Interstate Gas, and Spur Energy. Seven compressor sites provide more than 42,000 horsepower, capable of moving more than 335,000 dekatherms per day. In addition, we own and operate two transmission pipelines through our subsidiaries, Canadian-Montana Pipe Line Corporation and Havre Pipeline Company, LLC.
We own and operate three working natural gas storage fields in Montana with aggregate working gas capacity of approximately 17.75 Bcf and maximum aggregate daily deliverability of approximately 195,000 dekatherms.
We have municipal franchises to transport and distribute natural gas in the Montana communities we serve. The terms of the franchises vary by community. They typically have a fixed 30 - 50 year term and continue indefinitely unless and until terminated by ordinance. Our policy generally is to seek renewal or extension of a franchise in the last year of its fixed term. We currently have 12 franchises, which account for approximately 41,000 or approximately 22 percent of our natural gas customers, where the fixed term has expired. We continue to serve those customers while we obtain formal renewals. During the next five years, seven additional municipal franchises are scheduled to reach the end of their fixed term. We do not anticipate termination of any of these franchises.
Natural gas is used for residential and commercial heating, and for fuel for two electric generating facilities. The demand for natural gas largely depends upon weather conditions. Our Montana retail natural gas supply requirements for the year ended December 31, 2013, were approximately 20.0 Bcf. Our Montana natural gas supply requirements for fuel for the year ended December 31, 2013, were approximately 6 Bcf. We have contracted with several major producers and marketers with varying contract durations to provide the anticipated supply to meet ongoing requirements. Our natural gas supply requirements are primarily fulfilled through third-party fixed-term purchase contracts and short-term market purchases. Our portfolio approach to natural gas supply is intended to enable us to maintain a diversified supply of natural gas sufficient to meet our supply requirements. We benefit from direct access to suppliers in the major natural gas producing regions in the United States, primarily the Rockies (Colorado), Montana, and Alberta, Canada.
Since 2010, we have acquired gas production and gathering system assets as a part of an overall strategy to provide rate stability and customer value through the addition of regulated assets that are not subject to market forces. As of December 31, 2013, these owned reserves total approximately 76.7 Bcf and are estimated to provide approximately 6.4 Bcf each year, or about 32 percent of our current annual natural gas load in Montana.
We file a biennial Natural Gas Procurement Plan, which provides the MPSC the procurement blueprint we intend to follow to meet our gas supply needs and reliability requirements and hedging strategies used to reduce price volatility. Our last filing was in December 2012.
SOUTH DAKOTA AND NEBRASKA
We provide natural gas to approximately 86,700 customers in 60 South Dakota communities and four Nebraska communities. We have approximately 2,350 miles of underground distribution pipelines and 55 miles of transmission pipeline in South Dakota and Nebraska. In South Dakota, we also transport natural gas for eight gas-marketing firms and three large end-user accounts, currently serving 81 customers through our distribution systems. In Nebraska, we transport natural gas for four gas-marketing firms and one end-user account, servicing 68 customers through our distribution system. We delivered approximately 25.8 Bcf of third-party transportation volume on our South Dakota distribution system and approximately 3.2 Bcf of third-party transportation volume on our Nebraska distribution system during 2013.
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We have municipal franchises to purchase, transport and distribute natural gas in the South Dakota and Nebraska communities we serve. The maximum term permitted under Nebraska law for these franchises is 25 years while the maximum term permitted under South Dakota law is 20 years. Our policy generally is to seek renewal or extension of a franchise in the last year of its term. During the next five years, 11 of our South Dakota franchises are scheduled to reach the end of their fixed term. We do not anticipate termination of any of these franchises.
Our South Dakota natural gas supply requirements for the year ended December 31, 2013, were approximately 6.3 Bcf. We have contracted with a third party under an asset management agreement to manage transportation and storage of supply to minimize cost and price volatility to our customers.
Our Nebraska natural gas supply requirements for the year ended December 31, 2013, were approximately 4.6 Bcf. We have contracted with a third party under an asset management agreement that includes pipeline capacity, supply, and asset optimization activities.
To supplement firm gas supplies in South Dakota and Nebraska, we contract for firm natural gas storage services to meet the heating season and peak day requirements of our natural gas customers.
REGULATION
Base rates are the rates we are allowed to charge our customers for the cost of providing delivery service, plus a reasonable rate of return on invested capital. We have both electric and natural gas base rates. We may ask the respective regulatory commission to increase base rates from time to time. We have historically been allowed to increase base rates to recover our utility plant investment and operating costs, plus a return on our capital investment. Rate increases are normally granted based on historical data and those increases may not always keep pace with increasing costs. Other parties may petition the respective regulatory commission to decrease base rates. For more information on current regulatory matters, see Note 4 - Regulatory Matters, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following is a summary of our rate base and authorized rates of return in each jurisdiction:
Jurisdiction and Service | Implementation Date | Authorized Rate Base (millions) (1) | Estimated Rate Base (millions) (2) | Authorized Overall Rate of Return | Authorized Return on Equity | Authorized Equity Level | ||||||||||
Montana electric delivery (4) | January 2011 | 632.5 | 774.5 | 7.8 | % | 10.25 | % | 48 | % | |||||||
Montana - DGGS (4) | January 2011 | 172.7 | 137.5 | 8.16 | % | 10.25 | % | 50 | % | |||||||
Montana - Colstrip Unit 4 | January 2009 | 400.4 | 343.8 | 8.25 | % | 10.00 | % | 50 | % | |||||||
Montana Spion Kop | December 2012 | 81.7 | 62.0 | 7.0 | % | 10.00 | % | 48 | % | |||||||
Montana natural gas delivery | June 2013 | 309.2 | 362.7 | 7.48 | % | 9.80 | % | 48 | % | |||||||
Montana natural gas production | November 2012 | 12.0 | 85.6 | 7.65 | % | 10.00 | % | 48 | % | |||||||
South Dakota electric | September 1981 | 186.7 | 251.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||
South Dakota natural gas (3) | December 2011 | 65.9 | 64.0 | 7.8 | % | n/a | n/a | |||||||||
Nebraska natural Gas (3) | December 2007 | 24.3 | 25.4 | n/a | 10.40 | % | n/a | |||||||||
$ | 1,885.4 | $2,106.5 | ||||||||||||||
(1) Rate base reflects amounts on which we are authorized to earn a return.
(2) Rate base amounts are estimated as of December 31, 2013.
(3) For those items marked as "n/a," the respective settlement and/or order was not specific as to these terms.
(4) The FERC regulated portion of Montana electric transmission and DGGS are included as revenue credits to our MPSC jurisdiction customers. Therefore, we do not separately reflect FERC authorized rate base or authorized returns.
MPSC Regulation
Our Montana operations are subject to the jurisdiction of the MPSC with respect to rates, terms and conditions of service, accounting records, electric service territorial issues and other aspects of our operations, including when we issue, assume, or guarantee securities in Montana, or when we create liens on our regulated Montana properties. We have an obligation to provide service to our customers with an opportunity to earn a regulated rate of return.
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Electric and Natural Gas Supply Trackers - Rates for our Montana electric and natural gas supply are set by the MPSC. Supply rates are adjusted on a monthly basis for volumes and costs during each July to June 12-month tracking period. Annually, supply rates are adjusted to include any differences in the previous tracking year's actual to estimated information for recovery during the subsequent tracking year. We submit annual electric and natural gas tracker filings for the actual 12-month period ended June 30 and for the projected supply costs for the next 12-month period. The MPSC reviews such filings and makes its cost recovery determination based on whether or not our electric and natural gas energy supply procurement activities were prudent. If the MPSC subsequently determines that a procurement activity was imprudent, then it may disallow such costs.
Montana Property Tax Tracker - We file an annual property tax tracker (including other state/local taxes and fees) with the MPSC for an automatic rate adjustment, which reflects 60% of the change in property taxes. Adjusted rates are typically effective January 1st of each year.
SDPUC Regulation
Our South Dakota operations are subject to SDPUC jurisdiction with respect to rates, terms and conditions of service, accounting records, electric service territorial issues and other aspects of our electric and natural gas operations. Our retail electric rates, approved by the SDPUC, provide several options for residential, commercial and industrial customers, including dual-fuel, interruptible, special all-electric heating, and other special rates, as well as various incentive riders to encourage business development. Our retail natural gas tariffs include gas transportation rates for transportation through our distribution systems by customers and natural gas marketers from the interstate pipelines at which our systems take delivery to the end-user. Such transporting customers nominate the amount of natural gas to be delivered daily. Usage for these customers is monitored daily by us through electronic metering equipment and balanced against respective supply agreements.
An electric adjustment clause provides for quarterly adjustment based on differences in the delivered cost of energy, delivered cost of fuel, ad valorem taxes paid and commission-approved fuel incentives. The adjustment goes into effect upon filing, and is deemed approved within 10 days after the information filing unless the SDPUC staff requests changes during that period. A purchased gas adjustment provision in our natural gas rate schedules permits the monthly adjustment of charges to customers to reflect increases or decreases in purchased gas, gas transportation and ad valorem taxes.
NPSC Regulation
Our Nebraska natural gas rates and terms and conditions of service for residential and smaller commercial customers are regulated by the NPSC. High volume customers are not subject to such regulation, but can file complaints if they allege discriminatory treatment. Under the Nebraska State Natural Gas Regulation Act, a regulated natural gas utility may propose a change in rates to its regulated customers, if it files an application for a rate increase with the NPSC and with the communities in which it serves customers. The utility may negotiate with those communities for a settlement with regard to the rate change if the affected communities representing more than 50% of the affected ratepayers agree to direct negotiations, or it may proceed to have the NPSC review the filing and make a determination. Our tariffs have been accepted by the NPSC, and the NPSC has adopted certain rules governing the terms and conditions of service of regulated natural gas utilities. Our retail natural gas tariffs provide residential, general service and commercial and industrial options, as well as firm and interruptible transportation service. A purchased gas adjustment clause provides for adjustments based on changes in gas supply and interstate pipeline transportation costs.
Federal
We are subject to FERC's jurisdiction and regulations with respect to rates for electric transmission service in interstate commerce and electricity sold at wholesale rates, the issuance of certain securities, incurrence of certain long-term debt, and compliance with mandatory reliability regulations, among other things. Under FERC's open access transmission policy promulgated in Order No. 888, as owners of transmission facilities, we are required to provide open access to our transmission facilities under filed tariffs at cost-based rates. In addition, we are required to comply with FERC's Standards of Conduct, as amended, governing the communication of non-public information between our transmission employees and wholesale merchant employees.
In Montana, we sell transmission service, including ancillary services, across our system under terms, conditions and rates defined in our OATT, on file with FERC. We are required to provide retail transmission service in Montana under MPSC approved tariffs for customers still receiving “bundled" service and under the OATT for other wholesale transmission customers such as cooperatives.
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Our South Dakota transmission operations underlie the MISO system and are part of the WAPA Control Area. The Coyote and Big Stone power plants in which we are a joint owner, are connected directly to the MISO system, and we have ownership rights in the transmission lines from these plants to our distribution system. We have negotiated a settlement as a grandfathered agreement with MISO and the other Big Stone, Neal #4, and Coyote power plant joint owners related to providing MISO with the information it needs to operate its system, while exempting us from assignment of MISO operational costs. We do not participate in the MISO markets directly as we utilize WAPA to handle our scheduling and power marketing activities. MISO provides the reliability coordinator functions for MAPP. We updated the South Dakota OATT to accommodate the required planning functions that rely heavily on MAPP's planning process and MAPP's coordination with MISO.
Our natural gas transportation pipelines are generally not subject to FERC's jurisdiction, although we are subject to state regulation. We conduct limited interstate transportation in Montana that is subject to FERC jurisdiction, but through a Hinshaw Exemption the FERC has allowed the MPSC to set the rates for this interstate service. We have capacity agreements in South Dakota with interstate pipelines that are subject to FERC jurisdiction.
Reliability Standards - NERC establishes, and regional reliability organizations enforce, mandatory reliability standards (Reliability Standards) regarding the bulk power system. The FERC oversees this process and independently enforces the Reliability Standards.
The Reliability Standards have the force and effect of law and apply to certain users of the bulk power electricity system, including electric utility companies, generators and marketers. The FERC enforces the Reliability Standards using, among other means, civil penalty authority. Under the Federal Power Act, the FERC may assess civil penalties of up to $1 million per day, per violation, for certain violations.
We must comply with the standards and requirements, which apply to the NERC functions for which we have registered in both the MRO for our South Dakota operations and the WECC for our Montana operations. WECC and the MRO have responsibility for monitoring and enforcing compliance with the FERC approved mandatory reliability standards within their respective interconnections. Additional standards continue to be developed and will be adopted in the future. We expect that the existing standards will change often as a result of modifications, guidance and clarification following industry implementation and ongoing audits and enforcement.
SEASONALITY AND CYCLICALITY
Our electric and gas utility businesses are seasonal businesses, and weather patterns can have a material impact on operating performance. Because natural gas is used primarily for residential and commercial heating, the demand for this product depends heavily upon weather patterns throughout our market areas, and a significant amount of natural gas revenues are recognized in the first and fourth quarters related to the heating season. Demand for electricity is often greater in the summer and winter months for cooling and heating, respectively. Accordingly, our operations have historically generated less revenue and income when weather conditions are milder in the winter and cooler in the summer. When we experience unusually mild winters or summers in the future, these weather patterns could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.
ENVIRONMENTAL
The operation of electric generating, transmission and distribution facilities, and gas gathering, transportation and distribution facilities, along with the development (involving site selection, environmental assessments, and permitting) and construction of these assets, are subject to extensive federal, state, and local environmental and land use laws and regulations. Our activities involve compliance with diverse laws and regulations that address emissions and impacts to the environment, including air and water, protection of natural resources and wildlife. We monitor federal, state, and local environmental initiatives to determine potential impacts on our financial results. As new laws or regulations are issued, we assess their applicability and implement the necessary modifications to our facilities or their operation to maintain ongoing compliance.
We strive to comply with all environmental regulations applicable to our operations. However, it is not possible to determine when or to what extent additional facilities or modifications of existing or planned facilities will be required as a result of changes to environmental regulations, interpretations or enforcement policies or, what effect future laws or regulations may have on our operations. The EPA is in the process of proposing and finalizing a number of environmental regulations that will directly affect the electric industry over the coming years. These initiatives cover all sources - air, water and waste. For more information on environmental regulations and contingencies and related capital expenditures, see Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2013, we had 1,493 employees. Of these, 1,167 employees were in Montana and 326 were in South Dakota or Nebraska. Of our Montana employees, 415 were covered by six collective bargaining agreements involving five unions. All six of these agreements were renegotiated in 2012 for terms of four years. In addition, our South Dakota and Nebraska operations had 193 employees covered by the System Council U-26 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. This collective bargaining agreement expires on December 31, 2016. We consider our relations with employees to be good.
Executive Officers
Executive Officer | Current Title and Prior Employment | Age on Feb. 14, 2014 | ||
Robert C. Rowe | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director since August 2008. Prior to joining NorthWestern, Mr. Rowe was a co-founder and senior partner at Balhoff, Rowe & Williams, LLC, a specialized national professional services firm providing financial and regulatory advice to clients in the telecommunications and energy industries (January 2005-August, 2008); and served as Chairman and Commissioner of the Montana Public Service Commission (1993–2004). | 58 | ||
Brian B. Bird | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since December 2003. Prior to joining NorthWestern, Mr. Bird was Chief Financial Officer and Principal of Insight Energy, Inc., a Chicago-based independent power generation development company (2002-2003). Previously, he was Vice President and Treasurer of NRG Energy, Inc., in Minneapolis, MN (1997-2002). Mr. Bird serves on the board of directors of a NorthWestern subsidiary. | 51 | ||
Michael R. Cashell | Vice President - Transmission since May 2011; formerly Chief Transmission Officer since November 2007; formerly Director Transmission Marketing and Business Planning since 2003. Mr. Cashell serves on the board of directors of a NorthWestern subsidiary. | 51 | ||
Patrick R. Corcoran | Vice President-Government and Regulatory Affairs since December 2004; formerly Vice President-Regulatory Affairs since February 2002; formerly Vice President-Regulatory Affairs for the former Montana Power Company (2000-2002). | 62 | ||
Heather H. Grahame | Vice President and General Counsel since August 2010. Prior to joining NorthWestern, Ms. Grahame was a partner in the law firm of Dorsey & Whitney, LLP, where she co-chaired its Telecommunications practice (1999-2010). | 58 | ||
John D. Hines | Vice President - Supply since May 2011; formerly Chief Energy Supply Officer since January 2008; formerly Director - Energy Supply Planning since 2006. Previously, Mr. Hines served as the Montana representative to the NorthWest Power and Conservation Council (2003-2006). | 55 | ||
Kendall G. Kliewer | Vice President and Controller since August 2006; Controller since June 2004; formerly Chief Accountant since November 2002. Prior to joining NorthWestern, Mr. Kliewer was a Senior Manager at KPMG LLP (1999-2002). | 44 | ||
Curtis T. Pohl | Vice President - Distribution since May 2011; formerly Vice President-Retail Operations since September 2005; Vice President-Distribution Operations since August 2003; formerly Vice President-South Dakota/Nebraska Operations since June 2002; formerly Vice President-Engineering and Construction since June 1999. Mr. Pohl serves on the board of directors of a NorthWestern subsidiary. | 49 | ||
Bobbi L. Schroeppel | Vice President, Customer Care, Communications and Human Resources since May 2009, formerly Vice President-Customer Care and Communications since September 2005; formerly Vice President-Customer Care since June 2002; formerly Director-Staff Activities and Corporate Strategy since August 2001; formerly Director-Corporate Strategy since June 2000. | 45 | ||
Officers are elected annually by, and hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors (Board), and do not serve a “term of office” as such.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risk factors described below, as well as all other information available to you, before making an investment in our common stock or other securities.
We are subject to potential unfavorable government and regulatory outcomes, including extensive and changing laws
and regulations that affect our industry and our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operations.
Our profitability is dependent on our ability to recover the costs of providing energy and utility services to our customers and earn a return on our capital investment in our utility operations. We provide service at rates established by several regulatory commissions. These rates are generally set based on an analysis of our costs incurred in a historical test year. In addition, each regulatory commission sets rates based in part upon their acceptance of an allocated share of total utility costs. When commissions adopt different methods to calculate inter-jurisdictional cost allocations, some costs may not be recovered. Thus, the rates we are allowed to charge may or may not match our costs at any given time. While rate regulation is premised on providing a reasonable opportunity to earn a reasonable rate of return on invested capital, there can be no assurance that the applicable regulatory commission will judge all of our costs to have been prudently incurred or that the regulatory process in which rates are determined will always result in rates that will produce full recovery of such costs.
For example, in our regulatory filings related to DGGS, we proposed an allocation of approximately 80% of costs to retail customers subject to the MPSC's jurisdiction and approximately 20% allocated to wholesale customers subject to FERC's jurisdiction. In March 2012, the MPSC's final order approved using our proposed cost allocation methodology, but requires us to complete a study of the relative contribution of retail and wholesale customers to regulation capacity needs. The results of this study may be used in determining future cost allocations between retail and wholesale customers. However, there is no assurance that both the MPSC and FERC will agree on the results of this study, which could result in an inability to fully recover our costs.
In September 2012, we received a non-binding decision from a FERC Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) concluding that we should only recover approximately 4.4% of the revenue requirement from FERC jurisdictional customers. Although we are asking the FERC to reject this decision, there is significant uncertainty related to the FERC's ultimate treatment of our cost allocation methodology, which could result in an inability to fully recover our costs.
In October 2013, the MPSC concluded that $1.4 million of incremental costs associated with regulation service acquired from third parties during a 2012 outage at DGGS were imprudently incurred, and disallowed recovery. We have appealed that decision to the Montana district court. While we believe this to be an isolated incident associated with specific circumstances at DGGS, the MPSC may use this determination as precedent for disallowing replacement costs in the future.
We are subject to many FERC rules and orders that regulate our electric and natural gas business. We must also comply with established reliability standards and requirements, which apply to the NERC functions for which we have registered in both the MRO for our South Dakota operations and the WECC for our Montana operations. The FERC, NERC, or a regional reliability organization may assess penalties against any responsible entity that violates their rules, regulations or standards. Violations may be discovered through various means, including self-certification, self-reporting, compliance investigations, periodic data submissions, exception reporting, and complaints. Penalties for the most severe violations can reach as high as $1 million per violation, per day. If a serious reliability incident or other incidence of noncompliance did occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our operating and financial results.
We are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations and potential environmental liabilities, which could result in significant costs and additional liabilities.
We are subject to extensive laws and regulations imposed by federal, state, and local government authorities in the ordinary course of operations with regard to the environment, including environmental laws and regulations relating to air and water quality, protection of natural resources, migratory birds and other wildlife, solid waste disposal, coal ash and other environmental considerations. We believe that we are in compliance with environmental regulatory requirements; however, possible future developments, such as more stringent environmental laws and regulations, and the timing of future enforcement proceedings that may be taken by environmental authorities, could affect our costs and the manner in which we conduct our business and could require us to make substantial additional capital expenditures or abandon certain projects.
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National and international actions have been initiated to address global climate change and the contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including, most significantly, carbon dioxide. These actions include legislative proposals, executive and EPA actions at the federal level, actions at the state level, and private party litigation relating to GHG emissions. In June 2013, President Obama announced that he would use Executive Powers to require reductions in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the nation's power plants. Under the President's plan, it is possible that existing power plants may be required to comply with GHG emission performance standards as soon as July, 2016. If legislation or regulations are passed at the federal or state levels imposing mandatory reductions of carbon dioxide and other GHGs on generation facilities, the cost to us of such reductions could be significant.
Many of these environmental laws and regulations provide for substantial civil and criminal fines for noncompliance which, if imposed, could result in material costs or liabilities. In addition, there is a risk of environmental damages claims from private parties or government entities. We may be required to make significant expenditures in connection with the investigation and remediation of alleged or actual spills, personal injury or property damage claims, and the repair, upgrade or expansion of our facilities to meet future requirements and obligations under environmental laws.
To the extent that costs exceed our estimated environmental liabilities and/or we are not successful recovering a material portion of remediation costs in our rates, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.
Our plans for future expansion through the acquisition of assets including hydro-electric generating facilities and natural gas reserves, capital improvements to current assets, generation investments, and transmission grid expansion involve substantial risks.
Acquisitions include a number of risks, including but not limited to, additional costs, the assumption of material liabilities, the diversion of management’s attention from daily operations to the integration of the acquisition, difficulties in assimilation and retention of employees, securing adequate capital to support the transaction, and regulatory approval. Uncertainties exist in assessing the value, risks, profitability, and liabilities associated with certain businesses or assets and there is a possibility that anticipated operating and financial synergies expected to result from an acquisition do not develop. The failure to complete an acquisition successfully, or to integrate future acquisitions that we may choose to undertake could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
In order to complete the Hydro Transaction, we must obtain certain approvals from the MPSC and other state and federal agencies. These regulatory agencies may not approve the transaction, or may approve the transaction subject to terms or conditions that could delay closing, impose additional costs, impact the transaction's anticipated benefits, or cause the transaction to terminate. In addition, failure to obtain approvals on terms consistent with our application could negatively affect credit ratings and equity valuation, and our ability to invest in our Montana utility operations, including but not limited to supply.
In connection with the Hydro Transaction, we entered into a $900 million 364-day senior bridge credit facility (bridge facility), which may be used to temporarily finance a significant portion of the acquisition and pay related fees and expenses in the event that permanent financing is not in place at the time of the closing of the transaction. The permanent financing is anticipated to include a mix of long-term debt and common equity. Although we believe we have taken prudent steps to position ourselves for successful capital raises, there can be no assurance as to the ultimate cost or availability of permanent financing.
Our business strategy also includes significant investment in capital improvements and additions to modernize existing infrastructure, generation investments and transmission capacity expansion. The completion of generation and natural gas investments and transmission projects are subject to many construction and development risks, including, but not limited to, risks related to permitting, financing, regulatory recovery, escalating costs of materials and labor, meeting construction budgets and schedules, and environmental compliance. In addition, these capital projects may require a significant amount of capital expenditures. We cannot provide certainty that adequate external financing will be available to support such projects. Additionally, borrowings incurred to finance construction may adversely impact our leverage, which could increase our cost of capital.
Our owned and jointly owned electric generating facilities are subject to operational risks that could result in unscheduled plant outages, unanticipated operation and maintenance expenses and increased power purchase costs.
Operation of electric generating facilities involves risks, which can adversely affect energy output and efficiency levels. Operational risks include facility shutdowns due to breakdown or failure of equipment or processes, labor disputes, operator error, catastrophic events such as fires, explosions, floods, and intentional acts of destruction or other similar occurrences
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affecting the electric generating facilities; and operational changes necessitated by environmental legislation, litigation or regulation. The loss of a major electric generating facility would require us to find other sources of supply or ancillary services, if available, and expose us to higher purchased power costs.
For example, in early July 2013, following the return to service from a scheduled maintenance outage, Colstrip Unit 4 tripped off-line and incurred damage to its stator and rotor. Colstrip Unit 4 returned to service in early 2014. There is no assurance that we will be able to fully recover our costs for the purchase of replacement power while Colstrip Unit 4 was out of service.
In addition, most of our generating capacity is coal-fired. We rely on a limited number of suppliers of coal for our electric generation, making us vulnerable to increased prices for fuel as existing contracts expire or in the event of unanticipated interruptions in fuel supply. We are a captive rail shipper of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway for shipments of coal to the Big Stone Plant (our largest source of generation in South Dakota), making us vulnerable to railroad capacity and operational issues and/or increased prices for coal transportation from a sole supplier.
Our revenues, results of operations and financial condition are impacted by customer growth and usage in our service territories and may fluctuate with current economic conditions or response to price increases. We are also impacted by market conditions outside of our service territories related to demand for transmission capacity and wholesale electric pricing.
Our revenues, results of operations and financial condition are impacted by customer growth and usage, which can be impacted by population growth as well as by economic factors. Our customers may voluntarily reduce their consumption of electricity and natural gas from us in response to increases in prices, decreases in their disposable income, individual energy conservation efforts or the use of distributed generation for electricity.
Demand for our Montana transmission capacity fluctuates with regional demand, fuel prices and weather related conditions. The levels of wholesale sales depend on the wholesale market price, transmission availability and the availability of generation for wholesale sales, among other factors. Declines in wholesale market price, availability of generation, transmission constraints in the wholesale markets, or low wholesale demand could reduce wholesale sales. These events could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
We implemented a new customer information system, and we may experience additional difficulties, delays and interruptions associated with the transition to this new system. Any unexpected significant difficulties in completing the transition could negatively impact our business.
During September 2013, we implemented a new customer information system. There are inherent risks associated with replacing and changing these types of systems, such as delayed and / or inaccurate customer bills, potential disruption of our business, and substantial unplanned costs, any of which could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Consistent with our expectations, we have experienced billing delays, which resulted in delays in collections of customer receivables and increased bad debt expense during the transition to this new system. Any additional unexpected significant difficulties in completing the transition of our customer information system could materially impact our ability to timely and accurately record, process and report information that is important to our business.
Our natural gas distribution services involve numerous activities that may result in accidents and other operating risks and costs.
Inherent in our natural gas distribution services are a variety of hazards and operating risks, such as leaks, explosions and mechanical problems. These risks could cause a loss of human life, significant damage to property, environmental pollution, impairment of our operations, and substantial financial losses to us. In accordance with customary industry practice, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these risks and losses. The occurrence of any of these events not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. For our distribution lines located near populated areas, including residential areas, commercial business centers, industrial sites and other public gathering areas, the level of damages resulting from these risks potentially is greater.
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To the extent our incurred supply costs are deemed imprudent by the applicable state regulatory commissions, we would not recover some of our costs, which could adversely impact our results of operations and liquidity.
Our wholesale costs for electricity and natural gas are recovered through various pass-through cost tracking mechanisms in each of the states we serve. The rates are established based upon projected market prices or contractual obligations. As these variables change, we adjust our rates through our monthly trackers. To the extent our energy supply costs are deemed imprudent by the applicable state regulatory commissions, we would not recover some of our costs, which could adversely impact our results of operations.
We currently procure a large portion of our natural gas supply and our Montana electric supply pursuant to contracts with third-party suppliers. In light of this reliance on third-party suppliers, we are exposed to certain risks in the event a third-party supplier is unable to satisfy its contractual obligation. If this occurred, then we might be required to purchase gas and/or electricity supply requirements in the energy markets, which may not be on favorable terms, if at all. If prices were higher in the energy markets, it could result in a temporary material under recovery that would reduce our liquidity.
Poor investment performance of plan assets of our defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans, in addition to other factors impacting these costs, could unfavorably impact our results of operations and liquidity.
Our costs for providing defined benefit retirement and postretirement benefit plans are dependent upon a number of factors. Assumptions related to future costs, return on investments and interest rates have a significant impact on our funding requirements related to these plans. These estimates and assumptions may change based on economic conditions, actual stock market performance and changes in governmental regulations. Without sustained growth in the plan assets over time and depending upon interest rate changes as well as other factors noted above, the costs of such plans reflected in our results of operations and financial position and cash funding obligations may change significantly from projections.
Our obligation to include a minimum annual quantity of power in our Montana electric supply portfolio at an agreed upon price per MWH could expose us to material commodity price risk if certain QFs under contract with us do not perform during a time of high commodity prices, as we are required to make up the difference. In addition, we are subject to price escalation risk with one of our largest QF contracts.
As part of a stipulation in 2002 with the MPSC and other parties, we agreed to include a minimum annual quantity of power in our Montana electric supply portfolio at an agreed upon price per MWH through June 2029. The annual minimum energy requirement is achievable under normal QF operations, including normal periods of planned and forced outages. However, to the extent the supplied QF power for any year does not reach the minimum quantity set forth in the settlement, we are obligated to purchase the difference from other sources. The anticipated source for any QF shortfall is the wholesale market, which would subject us to commodity price risk if the cost of replacement power is higher than contracted QF rates.
In addition, we are subject to price escalation risk with one of our largest QF contracts due to variable contract terms. In estimating our QF liability, we have estimated an annual escalation rate of 3% over the remaining term of the contract (through June 2024). To the extent the annual escalation rate exceeds 3%, our results of operations, cash flows and financial position could be adversely affected.
Weather and weather patterns, including normal seasonal and quarterly fluctuations of weather, as well as extreme weather events that might be associated with climate change, could adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity.
Our electric and natural gas utility business is seasonal, and weather patterns can have a material impact on our financial performance. Demand for electricity and natural gas is often greater in the summer and winter months associated with cooling and heating. Because natural gas is heavily used for residential and commercial heating, the demand for this product depends heavily upon weather patterns throughout our market areas, and a significant amount of natural gas revenues are recognized in the first and fourth quarters related to the heating season. Accordingly, our operations have historically generated less revenue and income when weather conditions are milder in the winter and cooler in the summer. In the event that we experience unusually mild winters or cool summers in the future, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected. In addition, exceptionally hot summer weather or unusually cold winter weather could add significantly to working capital needs to fund higher than normal supply purchases to meet customer demand for electricity and natural gas.
There is also a concern that the physical risks of climate change could include changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in changes in precipitation and extreme weather events. Climate change and the costs that may be associated with its impacts have the potential to affect our business in many ways, including increasing the cost incurred in providing electricity
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and natural gas, impacting the demand for and consumption of electricity and natural gas (due to change in both costs and weather patterns), and affecting the economic health of the regions in which we operate. Extreme weather conditions creating high energy demand on our own and/or other systems may raise market prices as we buy short-term energy to serve our own system. Severe weather impacts our service territories, primarily through thunderstorms, tornadoes and snow or ice storms. To the extent the frequency of extreme weather events increase, this could increase our cost of providing service. Changes in precipitation resulting in droughts or water shortages could adversely affect our ability to provide electricity to customers, as well as increase the price they pay for energy. In addition, extreme weather may exacerbate the risks to physical infrastructure. We may not recover all costs related to mitigating these physical and financial risks.
Our business is dependent on our ability to successfully access capital markets on favorable terms. Limits on our access to capital may adversely impact our ability to execute our business plan or pursue improvements that we would otherwise rely on for future growth.
Our cash requirements are driven by the capital-intensive nature of our business. Access to the capital and credit markets, at a reasonable cost, is necessary for us to fund our operations, including capital requirements. We rely on a revolving credit facility and commercial paper market for short-term liquidity needs due to the seasonality of our business, and on capital markets to raise capital for growth projects that are not otherwise provided by operating cash flows. Instability in the financial markets may increase the cost of capital, limit our ability to draw on our revolving credit facility, access the commercial paper market and/or raise capital. If we are unable to obtain the liquidity needed to meet our business requirements on favorable terms, we may defer growth projects and/or capital expenditures.
We must meet certain credit quality standards. If we are unable to maintain investment grade credit ratings, our liquidity, access to capital and operations could be materially adversely affected.
A downgrade of our credit ratings to less than investment grade could adversely affect our liquidity. Certain of our credit agreements and other credit arrangements with counterparties require us to provide collateral in the form of letters of credit or cash to support our obligations if we fall below investment grade. Also, a downgrade below investment grade could hinder our ability to raise capital on favorable terms, including through the commercial paper markets. Higher interest rates on short-term borrowings with variable interest rates or on incremental commercial paper issuances could also have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Threats of terrorism and catastrophic events that could result from terrorism, cyber attacks, or individuals and/or groups attempting to disrupt our business, or the businesses of third parties, may affect our operations
in unpredictable ways and could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations.
We are subject to the potentially adverse operating and financial effects of terrorist acts and threats, as well as cyber attacks and other disruptive activities of individuals or groups. Our generation, transmission and distribution facilities, information technology systems and other infrastructure facilities and systems could be direct targets of, or indirectly affected by, such activities. Any significant interruption of these systems could prevent us from fulfilling our critical business functions, and sensitive, confidential and other data could be compromised.
Terrorist acts, cyber attacks (such as hacking and viruses) or other similar events could harm our business by limiting our ability to generate, purchase or transmit power and by delaying the development and construction of new generating facilities and capital improvements to existing facilities. These events, and governmental actions in response, could result in a material decrease in revenues and significant additional costs to repair and insure assets, and could adversely affect our operations by contributing to the disruption of supplies and markets for natural gas, oil and other fuels. These events could also impair our ability to raise capital by contributing to financial instability and reduced economic activity.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
NorthWestern's corporate support office is located at 3010 West 69th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57108, where we lease approximately 20,000 square feet of office space, pursuant to a lease that expires on November 30, 2017.
Our operational support office for our Montana operations is owned by us and located at 40 East Broadway Street, Butte, Montana 59701. We own or lease other facilities throughout the state of Montana. Our operational support office for our South Dakota and Nebraska operations is owned by us and located at 600 Market Street W., Huron, South Dakota 57350. Substantially all of our South Dakota and Nebraska facilities are owned.
Substantially all of our Montana electric and natural gas assets are subject to the lien of our Montana First Mortgage Bond indenture. Substantially all of our South Dakota and Nebraska electric and natural gas assets are subject to the lien of our South Dakota Mortgage Bond indenture. For further information regarding our operating properties, including generation and transmission, see the descriptions included in Item 1.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We discuss details of our legal proceedings in Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of this information is about costs or potential costs that may be material to our financial results.
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Part II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock, which is traded under the ticker symbol NWE, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As of February 14, 2014, there were approximately 40,821 common stockholders of record.
Dividends
We pay dividends on our common stock after our Board declares them. The Board reviews the dividend quarterly and establishes the dividend rate based upon such factors as our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, debt covenant requirements and/or other relevant conditions. Although we expect to continue to declare and pay cash dividends on our common stock in the future, we cannot assure that dividends will be paid in the future or that, if paid, the dividends will be paid in the same amount as during 2013. Quarterly dividends were declared and paid on our common stock during 2013 as set forth in the table below.
QUARTERLY COMMON STOCK PRICE RANGES AND DIVIDENDS
Prices | |||||||||||
High | Low | Cash Dividends Paid | |||||||||
2013- | |||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 47.18 | $ | 41.31 | $ | 0.38 | |||||
Third Quarter | 45.85 | 39.08 | 0.38 | ||||||||
Second Quarter | 43.17 | 38.12 | 0.38 | ||||||||
First Quarter | 40.35 | 35.06 | 0.38 | ||||||||
2012 | |||||||||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 36.70 | $ | 32.98 | $ | 0.37 | |||||
Third Quarter | 37.96 | 35.44 | 0.37 | ||||||||
Second Quarter | 37.05 | 33.72 | 0.37 | ||||||||
First Quarter | 36.39 | 34.22 | 0.37 | ||||||||
On February 14, 2014, the last reported sale price on the NYSE for our common stock was $46.34.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data has been derived from our consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and with “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and other financial data included elsewhere in this report. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.
FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||
Financial Results (in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 1,154,519 | $ | 1,070,342 | $ | 1,117,316 | $ | 1,110,720 | $ | 1,141,910 | |||||||||
Net income | 93,983 | 98,406 | 92,556 | 77,376 | 73,420 | ||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | 2.46 | 2.67 | 2.55 | 2.14 | 2.03 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | 2.46 | 2.66 | 2.53 | 2.14 | 2.02 | ||||||||||||||
Dividends declared & paid per common share | 1.52 | 1.48 | 1.44 | 1.36 | 1.34 | ||||||||||||||
Financial Position | |||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,715,260 | $ | 3,485,533 | $ | 3,210,438 | $ | 3,037,669 | $ | 2,795,132 | |||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, including current portion and short-term borrowings | 1,327,604 | 1,211,182 | 1,110,063 | 1,103,922 | 1,024,186 | ||||||||||||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Item 6 Selected Financial Data" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional information related to our industry segments, see Note 21 - Segment and Related Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is included in Item 8 herein. For information regarding our revenues, net income and assets, see our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.
OVERVIEW
NorthWestern Corporation, doing business as NorthWestern Energy, provides electricity and natural gas to approximately 678,200 customers in Montana, South Dakota and Nebraska. As you read this discussion and analysis, refer to our Consolidated Statements of Income, which present the results of our operations for 2013, 2012 and 2011. Following is a brief overview of highlights for 2013, and a discussion of our strategy and outlook.
SIGNIFICANT ITEMS
Significant items for the year ended December 31, 2013 include:
• | On September 26, 2013, we entered into an agreement to purchase hydro-electric generating facilities with approximately 633 megawatts of generation capacity, which is expected to close in the second half of 2014. |
• | Acquired additional natural gas production interests in Montana for approximately $68.7 million. |
• | Placed into service the Aberdeen Generating Station, a 60 MW natural gas peaking facility, which was constructed for a total cost of approximately $54.3 million. |
• | Received approval from the MPSC to increase rates effective April 1, 2013, in our natural gas distribution rate case. |
• | Successfully accessed the capital markets to fund growth projects and extend debt maturities as follows: |
◦ | Received proceeds of approximately $56.8 million after commissions and other fees from the sale of 1,381,494 common shares under our Equity Distribution Agreement, |
◦ | Extended the maturity date of our revolving credit facility to November 5, 2018, and |
◦ | Issued $35 million of First Mortgage Bonds at 3.99% and $65 million of First Mortgage Bonds at 4.85%, maturing in 2028 and 2043, respectively. |
Hydro Transaction
On September 26, 2013, we entered into an agreement with PPL Montana, LLC (PPL Montana), a wholly owned subsidiary of PPL Corporation, to purchase PPL Montana's hydro-electric generating facilities and associated assets located in Montana, which includes approximately 633 megawatts of hydro-electric generation capacity, for a purchase price of $900 million (Hydro Transaction). The purchase price will be subject to a number of adjustments, including the proration of operating expenses, the performance of planned capital expenditures, and the termination of certain power purchase agreements.
The Hydro Transaction includes the Kerr Project, a 194 megawatt hydro-electric generating facility. The FERC license for the Kerr Project provides the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (CSKT) an option to acquire the facility between September 2015 and September 2025. We believe CSKT will exercise their option and acquire the Kerr Project in September 2015. PPL Montana and CSKT are currently involved in arbitration over the conveyance price of the Kerr Project. Under our agreement with PPL Montana, the $900 million purchase price includes a $30 million reference price to the Kerr Project. If CSKT exercises their option and ultimately pays more than $30 million for the Kerr Project, we will pay the difference to PPL Montana. If CSKT pays less than $30 million for the Kerr Project, PPL Montana will pay the difference to us.
Completion of the Hydro Transaction is subject to customary conditions and approvals, including approval from the FERC, the MPSC, other state and federal agencies and as required by the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. In December 2013, we submitted an application with the MPSC to acquire these assets, and in January 2014, we submitted three applications with the FERC concerning the Hydro Transaction. For further information on these filings see Note 4 - Regulatory Matters. Either party may terminate the agreement if the closing does not occur by September 26, 2014; however, this date will be extended for an additional six months if any governmental approval is still pending. Assuming receipt of reasonably satisfactory regulatory approvals, we expect the Hydro Transaction to close in the second half of 2014.
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The permanent financing for the Hydro Transaction is anticipated to be a combination of long-term debt, new equity issuance and cash flows from operations. The Hydro Transaction is supported by a fully committed $900 million 364-day senior bridge credit facility (see Note 11 - Short-Term Borrowings).
During 2013, we incurred approximately $4.4 million of legal and professional fees associated with the Hydro Transaction and approximately $1.9 million of expenses related to the bridge credit facility.
If the acquisition is completed during the second half of 2014, we expect to sell any excess generation in the market and provide revenue credits to our Montana retail customers until CSKT exercises their option to acquire the Kerr Project. If CSKT exercises their option to acquire the Kerr Project in September 2015, we will own approximately 60 percent of our average electric load serving requirements in Montana.
Natural Gas Production Assets
In December 2013, we completed the purchase of additional natural gas production interests in northern Montana's Bear Paw Basin for approximately $68.7 million, subject to post-closing purchase price adjustments. This purchase includes an interest in the Havre Pipeline Company, LLC (Havre Pipeline), which represents approximately $6 million of the purchase price. As of December 31, 2013, the amount of net proven developed producing reserves associated with the acquisition was estimated to be 57.5 billion cubic feet. We estimate the current annual production associated with this acquisition to be approximately 24 percent of our total annual natural gas load in Montana, which increases our total owned production to approximately 32 percent. We expect the natural gas production interests acquired in 2013 to provide additional income before income taxes of approximately $3.7 million in 2014.
Aberdeen Generating Station
On April 30, 2013, we began commercial operations of the Aberdeen Generating Station, a 60 MW natural gas peaking facility located in Aberdeen, South Dakota. This facility was constructed for a total cost of $54.3 million and is intended to provide peaking reserve margin necessary to comply with capacity reserve requirements.
Montana Natural Gas Rate Increase
In September 2012, we filed a request with the MPSC for a natural gas delivery revenue increase of approximately $15.7 million. This request was based on a return on equity of 10.5%, a capital structure consisting of 52% debt and 48% equity
and rate base of $309.5 million.
In April 2013, we reached a joint settlement with intervenors and received MPSC approval to increase our annual natural
gas delivery rates by approximately $11.5 million, based on a return on equity of 9.8%.
Dave Gates Generating Station at Mill Creek (DGGS)
On January 1, 2011, we began commercial operations of DGGS, a 150 MW natural gas fired facility that provides regulating resources (in place of previously contracted ancillary services). DGGS was constructed for a total cost of $183 million, as compared to an original estimate of $202 million. Our regulatory filings seeking approval of rates related to DGGS are based on an allocation of approximately 80% of revenues related to the facility from retail customers being subject to the jurisdiction of the MPSC and approximately 20% of revenues allocated to wholesale customers subject to the jurisdiction of the FERC.
In March 2012, the MPSC issued a final order that found the total project costs incurred were prudent and established final rates. The MPSC's final order approves using our proposed cost allocation methodology on a temporary basis, and requires us to complete a study of the relative contribution of retail and wholesale customers to regulation capacity needs. The results of this study may be used in determining future cost allocations between retail and wholesale customers.
In our DGGS FERC proceedings, total project costs were not challenged and the parties to the case stipulated to the revenue requirement; however, intervenors challenged the allocation of costs. We proposed allocating 20% of the DGGS revenue requirement to FERC jurisdictional customers, based on our past practice of allocating 20% of the contracted costs for these services to FERC jurisdictional customers. A hearing was held in June 2012 before a FERC ALJ to consider this proposed allocation methodology.
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In September 2012, we received an initial decision from the ALJ concluding that we should only recover approximately 4.4% of the revenue requirement from FERC jurisdictional customers. The ALJ's initial decision is nonbinding. As a result of the ALJ's nonbinding decision, we have cumulative deferred revenue of approximately $24.5 million, which is subject to refund and recorded within current regulatory liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We do not know when the FERC will consider the matter and issue its decision. The FERC is not obligated to follow any of the ALJ's findings and conclusions, and the FERC can accept or reject the decision in whole or in part. If the FERC upholds the ALJ's decision and a portion of the costs are effectively disallowed, we would be required to assess DGGS for impairment. If we disagree with a decision issued by the FERC, we may pursue full appellate rights through rehearing and appeal to a United States Circuit Court of Appeals, which could extend into 2015 or beyond. We continue to bill FERC jurisdictional customers interim rates that have been in effect since January 1, 2011. These interim rates are subject to refund plus interest pending final resolution at FERC. We expect to defer revenues of approximately $0.7 million per month during 2014 pending final resolution at FERC.
STRATEGY
We are focused on providing our customers with safe and reliable service at reasonable rates. In response to our aging infrastructure, we continue to make significant capital investments in our generation, distribution and transmission assets in excess of our depreciation, which is the amount of these costs we recover through rates. Investing in our system and making prudent acquisitions for integrating supply resources provide us the opportunity to grow our rate base and earn a reasonable return on invested capital. These investments also reflect our focus on maintaining our system reliability, and allow us to pursue the deployment of newer technology that promotes the efficient use of electricity, including smart grid. See the “Capital Requirements" discussion below for further detail on planned maintenance capital expenditures.
During 2014, we will also be focused on closing the Hydro Transaction and fully integrating our most recent acquisition of natural gas production assets, both of which are intended to help stabilize our customers’ energy costs.
Regulatory Matters
General rate cases are necessary to cover the cost of providing safe, reliable service, while contributing to earnings growth and achieving our financial objectives. As noted above, during 2013 we received MPSC approval to increase our natural gas delivery rates in Montana.
During the first quarter of each year we evaluate the need for electric and natural gas rate changes in each state in which we provide service.
Distribution Investment
Montana Distribution System Infrastructure Project (DSIP)
As part of our commitment to maintain high level reliability and system performance we continue to evaluate the condition of our distribution assets to address aging infrastructure through our asset management process. The primary goals of our infrastructure investment are to reverse the trend in aging infrastructure, maintain reliability, proactively manage safety, build capacity into the system, and prepare our network for the adoption of new technologies. We are working on various solutions taking a proactive and pragmatic approach to replace these assets while also evaluating the implementation of additional technologies to prepare the overall system for smart grid applications.
DSIP completed its first full year of production after a two-year phase in period. This nearly $380 million ($290 million capital and $90 million expense), multi-year effort to accelerate the replacement and modernization of our existing electric and natural gas distribution system in Montana is intended to address a number of objectives to arrest and/or reverse the trend in aging infrastructure while maintaining and/or improving upon our already high level of safety and reliability. During 2013, we had DSIP capital expenditures of approximately $47 million. We expect DSIP capital expenditures of approximately $52 million during 2014.
Incremental operating and maintenance costs related to the phase-in of DSIP during 2012 and 2011 were deferred in accordance with the MPSC's approval of an accounting order. Incremental DSIP costs for 2013 forward are being expensed as incurred and the amounts previously deferred are being amortized over five years. During 2013 we amortized approximately $3.1 million and incurred incremental DSIP expenses of approximately $9.3 million. We expect DSIP expenses to be at a similar level during 2014.
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Other Supply Investments
South Dakota Electric
The Big Stone and Neal #4 electric generation facilities are subject to additional emission reduction requirements. Our current estimate of project costs for Big Stone is approximately $405 million (our share is 23.4%) and is expected to be operational by 2016. As of December 31, 2013, we have capitalized costs of approximately $40.5 million related to this project. Neal #4 began incurring costs in 2011 and the project was substantially completed in 2013. Our share (8.7%) of the capitalized costs related to this project were approximately $22.6 million.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our consolidated results include the results of our divisions and subsidiaries constituting each of our business segments. The overall consolidated discussion is followed by a detailed discussion of gross margin by segment.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE
The following discussion includes financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as another financial measure, Gross Margin, that is considered a “non-GAAP financial measure.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Gross Margin (Revenues less Cost of Sales) is a non-GAAP financial measure due to the exclusion of depreciation from the measure. The presentation of Gross Margin is intended to supplement investors’ understanding of our operating performance. Gross Margin is used by us to determine whether we are collecting the appropriate amount of energy costs from customers to allow recovery of operating costs. Our Gross Margin measure may not be comparable to other companies’ Gross Margin measure. Furthermore, this measure is not intended to replace operating income as determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of operating performance.
Factors Affecting Results of Operations
Our revenues may fluctuate substantially with changes in supply costs, which are generally collected in rates from customers. In addition, various regulatory agencies approve the prices for electric and natural gas utility service within their respective jurisdictions and regulate our ability to recover costs from customers.
Revenues are also impacted to a lesser extent by customer growth and usage, the latter of which is primarily affected by weather. Very cold winters increase demand for natural gas and to a lesser extent, electricity, while warmer than normal summers increase demand for electricity, especially among our residential and commercial customers. We measure this effect using degree-days, which is the difference between the average daily actual temperature and a baseline temperature of 65 degrees. Heating degree-days result when the average daily temperature is less than the baseline. Cooling degree-days result when the average daily temperature is greater than the baseline. The statistical weather information in our regulated segments represents a comparison of this data.
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OVERALL CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2012
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Operating Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 865.2 | $ | 805.6 | $ | 59.6 | 7.4 | % | ||||||
Natural Gas | 287.6 | 263.4 | 24.2 | 9.2 | ||||||||||
Other | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 30.8 | ||||||||||
$ | 1,154.5 | $ | 1,070.3 | $ | 84.2 | 7.9 | % | |||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Cost of Sales | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 358.7 | $ | 277.8 | $ | 80.9 | 29.1 | % | ||||||
Natural Gas | 120.9 | 117.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||||||||||
$ | 479.6 | $ | 395.4 | $ | 84.2 | 21.3 | % | |||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Gross Margin | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 506.5 | $ | 527.8 | $ | (21.3 | ) | (4.0 | )% | |||||
Natural Gas | 166.7 | 145.8 | 20.9 | 14.3 | ||||||||||
Other | 1.7 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 30.8 | ||||||||||
$ | 674.9 | $ | 674.9 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||
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Consolidated gross margin in 2013 was $674.9 million, which remained flat from gross margin in 2012. Factors that impacted gross margin included:
Gross Margin 2013 vs. 2012 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Natural gas and electric retail volumes | $ | 11.9 | |
Natural gas production | 8.1 | ||
Montana natural gas rate increase | 6.6 | ||
Spion Kop revenue | 5.6 | ||
DGGS revenues | 5.1 | ||
Property tax trackers | 3.8 | ||
Electric transmission | 3.7 | ||
Natural gas transportation capacity | 1.3 | ||
Electric QF supply costs | 1.0 | ||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | (47.9 | ) | |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (2.0 | ) | |
Demand Side Management (DSM) lost revenues | (0.3 | ) | |
Other | 3.1 | ||
Consolidated Gross Margin | $ | — | |
The changes in gross margin include the following:
• | An increase in natural gas and electric retail volumes due primarily to colder winter and spring weather; |
• | An increase in natural gas production margin primarily due to the full period effect of the acquisition of gas production assets in the third quarter of 2012 and the acquisition of gas production assets in December 2013, which is subject to refund; |
• | An increase in Montana natural gas delivery rates implemented in April 2013; |
• | The acquisition of the Spion Kop wind farm in the fourth quarter of 2012; |
• | Higher DGGS revenue primarily due to the inclusion in 2012 results of a $6.4 million deferral of revenues collected in 2011 related to the FERC ALJ nonbinding decision as discussed above; |
• | An increase in property taxes included in trackers; |
• | An increase in electric transmission revenues due to market pricing and other conditions; |
• | An increase in demand for natural gas transportation capacity; and |
• | Lower QF related supply costs based on actual QF pricing and output. |
These increases were offset by:
• | A $47.9 million gain recognized in 2012 associated with a favorable arbitration decision related to a dispute over energy and capacity rates with Colstrip Energy Limited Partnership (CELP), |
• | Lower revenues for operating expenses recovered in trackers, primarily related to customer efficiency programs; and |
• | A $1.2 million decrease in natural gas DSM lost revenues, which includes approximately $0.5 million related to 2012, offset in part by a $0.9 million increase in electric DSM lost revenues recovered through our supply trackers related to efficiency measures implemented by customers. |
Demand-side management (DSM) lost revenues - Base rates, including impacts of past DSM activities, are reset in general rate case filings. As time passes between rate cases, more energy saving measures (primarily more efficient residential and commercial lighting) are implemented, causing an increase in DSM lost revenues. Historically, the MPSC had authorized us to include a calculation of lost revenues based on actual historic DSM program activity, but prohibited the inclusion of forecasted or estimated future lost revenue in the electric tracker. In its April 2012 order, the MPSC authorized us to include forecasted lost revenues in future tracker filings. We had not recognized the entire forecasted amount, pending MPSC review of a detailed independent study supporting our requested DSM lost revenues that we filed during the first quarter of 2013.
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During October 2013, the MPSC approved an order related to our 2012 electric supply tracker filing (covering July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012), which includes a decision on their review of the independent study related to our request for DSM lost revenues and addresses future DSM lost revenue recovery. During 2013, we recognized approximately $9.0 million of DSM lost revenues, which includes approximately $1.9 million related to calendar year 2012 that we had previously deferred pending outcome of the review of the study results.
The order also includes a provision expressing concern with the policy of continuing to allow DSM lost revenue recovery, indicating that we bear the burden of demonstrating why any incremental DSM lost revenue recovery from the date of its order forward is reasonable and in the public interest. Based on the MPSC's order, we expect to be able to collect at least $7.1 million of DSM lost revenues for each annual tracker period; however, since the 2013 annual tracker filing (covering July 1, 2012 through June 30, 2013) is still subject to final approval, the MPSC may ultimately require us to refund a portion of the DSM lost revenues we have recognized since July 2012. We do not expect the MPSC to issue a final order related to the 2013 annual tracker filing until at least the second half of 2014.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses (excluding cost of sales) | ||||||||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | $ | 285.6 | $ | 270.0 | $ | 15.6 | 5.8 | % | ||||||
Mountain States Transmission Intertie (MSTI) | — | 24.0 | (24.0 | ) | 100.0 | |||||||||
Property and other taxes | 105.5 | 97.7 | 7.8 | 8.0 | ||||||||||
Depreciation | 112.8 | 106.0 | 6.8 | 6.4 | ||||||||||
$ | 503.9 | $ | 497.7 | $ | 6.2 | 1.2 | % | |||||||
Consolidated operating, general and administrative expenses were $285.6 million in 2013 as compared to $270.0 million in 2012. Primary components of this change include the following:
Operating, General, & Administrative Expenses 2013 vs. 2012 | |||
(in millions) | |||
DSIP expenses | $ | 12.4 | |
Hydro Transaction costs | 4.4 | ||
Labor | 4.4 | ||
Plant operator costs | 4.2 | ||
Natural gas production | 3.0 | ||
Nonemployee directors deferred compensation | 2.6 | ||
Bad debt expense | 1.4 | ||
Pension and employee benefits | (15.4 | ) | |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (2.0 | ) | |
Other | 0.6 | ||
Increase in Operating, General & Administrative Expenses | $ | 15.6 | |
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The increase in operating, general and administrative expenses of $15.6 million was primarily due to the following:
• | DSIP expenses of $12.4 million as discussed above; |
• | Legal and professional fees associated with the Hydro Transaction. We expect to incur additional Hydro Transaction related legal and professional fees during 2014; |
• | Increased labor costs due primarily to compensation increases, a larger number of employees, and less time spent on capital projects, which increases expense; |
• | Higher plant operator costs primarily due to the Spion Kop acquisition and higher maintenance and outage costs at Colstrip Unit 4 and Neal #4; |
• | Higher natural gas production costs due to the acquisition of the natural gas production assets discussed above; |
• | Non-employee directors deferred compensation increased primarily due to changes in our stock price. Directors may defer their board fees into deferred shares held in a rabbi trust. If the market value of our stock goes up, deferred compensation expense increases; however, we account for the deferred shares as trading securities and their increase in value is reflected in other income with no impact on net income; and |
• | Higher bad debt expense, due to a combination of higher revenues and slower collections of receivables from customers related to our customer information systems implementation. |
These increases were partly offset by:
• | Decreased pension expense of approximately $19.1 million offset in part by higher incentive and other employee benefit costs. Our Montana pension costs are included in expense on a pay as you go (cash funding) basis. We received a pension accounting order from the MPSC in 2008, which based our Montana pension expense on an average of our funding requirements for calendar years 2005 through 2012 in order to smooth the impact of increased cash funding. Our pension expense decreased to $11.9 million in 2013 as compared with $29.4 million in 2012. We expect pension expense in 2014 to be comparable with 2013 expense; and |
• | Lower operating expenses recovered in trackers, primarily related to customer efficiency programs. These costs are included in our supply trackers and have no impact on operating income. |
In the third quarter of 2012, we recorded a charge of approximately $24.0 million for the impairment of substantially all of the preliminary survey and investigative costs associated with MSTI, a proposed 500 kV transmission project from southwestern Montana to southeastern Idaho with a potential capacity of 1500 MWs.
Property and other taxes were $105.5 million in 2013 as compared with $97.7 million in 2012. This increase was due primarily to higher assessed property valuations in Montana and plant additions.
Depreciation expense was $112.8 million in 2013 as compared with $106.0 million in 2012. This reflects an increase in depreciation expense due to plant additions, offset in part by a reduction in depreciation expense of approximately $4.5 million as a result of new depreciation studies conducted by an independent consultant and implemented during the second quarter of 2013. These studies reflect longer asset lives on our electric and natural gas assets in Montana, and electric assets in South Dakota. While we expect depreciation expense to increase in 2014 due to plant additions, this will be partially offset by approximately $1.5 million for the first quarter of 2014 as the reduction in depreciation rates was implemented in the second quarter of 2013.
Consolidated operating income in 2013 was $171.0 million, as compared with $177.2 million in 2012. This decrease was primarily due to higher operating, general and administrative expenses partly offset by the 2012 MSTI impairment as discussed above.
Consolidated interest expense in 2013 was $70.5 million, an increase of $5.4 million, or 8.3%, from 2012. This increase includes $1.9 million of expenses associated with the bridge credit facility related to the Hydro Transaction, higher interest from the issuance of long-term debt, and interest accrued on amounts subject to refund. We expect interest expense to increase by approximately $8.5 million in 2014 as a result of expenses associated with the bridge credit facility and $100 million of debt issued in December 2013. See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional information regarding our financing activities.
Consolidated other income in 2013 was $7.7 million as compared with $4.4 million in 2012. This increase was primarily due to a $2.6 million gain on deferred shares held in trust for non-employee directors deferred compensation discussed above and higher capitalization of AFUDC.
32
We had a consolidated income tax expense in 2013 of $14.3 million as compared with $18.1 million in 2012. Our effective tax rate was 13.2% for 2013 and 15.5% for 2012. The following table summarizes the significant differences from the Federal statutory rate, which resulted in reduced income tax expense:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
(in millions) | |||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | $ | 108.3 | $ | 116.5 | |||
Income tax calculated at 35% Federal statutory rate | 37.9 | 40.8 | |||||
Permanent or flow through adjustments: | |||||||
State income, net of federal provisions | (3.1 | ) | 1.1 | ||||
Flow through repairs deductions | (17.8 | ) | (16.4 | ) | |||
Production tax credits | (3.2 | ) | — | ||||
Plant and depreciation of flow through items | (0.6 | ) | (1.3 | ) | |||
Recognition of state NOL benefit | — | (2.4 | ) | ||||
Prior year permanent return to accrual adjustments | 0.5 | (1.9 | ) | ||||
Other, net | 0.6 | (1.8 | ) | ||||
$ | (23.6 | ) | $ | (22.7 | ) | ||
Income tax expense | $ | 14.3 | $ | 18.1 | |||
Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to the regulatory impact of flowing through federal and state tax benefits of repairs deductions and state tax benefit of bonus depreciation deductions. The regulatory accounting treatment of these deductions requires immediate income recognition for temporary tax differences of this type, which is referred to as the flow-through method. When the flow through method of accounting for temporary differences is reflected in regulated revenues, we record deferred income taxes and establish related regulatory assets and liabilities.
We recognized federal repairs related tax benefits of $17.8 million and $16.4 million for 2013 and 2012, respectively. In September 2013, the IRS issued final tangible property regulations, which includes final guidance on a safe harbor method for determining the tax treatment of repair costs related to electric transmission and distribution property. The regulations are not effective until tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014; however, certain portions require a tax accounting method change on a retroactive basis, thus requiring an adjustment related to fixed and real asset deferred taxes. Based on our preliminary analysis of the tangible property regulations, no material adjustments were recorded during 2013. We will continue to monitor the impact of any future changes to the tangible property regulations on our tax positions prospectively.
We recognized state tax bonus depreciation related benefits (included in State income, net of federal provisions in the table above) of $3.9 million and $2.8 million for 2013 and 2012, respectively. We expect bonus depreciation related benefits to be minimal in 2014.
During 2012, we recognized a $2.4 million favorable state net operating loss (NOL) carryforward utilization benefit due to changes in our estimates of taxable income. Previously, we maintained a valuation allowance against certain state NOL carryforwards based on our forecast of taxable income and our estimate that a portion of these NOL carryforwards would more likely than not expire before we could use them.
While we reflect an income tax provision in our Consolidated Financial Statements, we expect our cash payments for income taxes will be minimal through at least 2016, based on our projected taxable income and anticipated use of consolidated NOL carryforwards.
Consolidated net income in 2013 was $94.0 million as compared with $98.4 million in 2012. This decrease was primarily due to lower operating income and higher interest expense, partly offset by higher other income and lower income tax expense.
33
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2011
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Operating Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 805.6 | $ | 797.5 | $ | 8.1 | 1.0 | % | ||||||
Natural Gas | 263.4 | 318.3 | (54.9 | ) | (17.2 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 1.3 | 1.5 | (0.2 | ) | (13.3 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 1,070.3 | $ | 1,117.3 | $ | (47.0 | ) | (4.2 | )% | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Cost of Sales | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 277.8 | $ | 327.1 | $ | (49.3 | ) | (15.1 | )% | |||||
Natural Gas | 117.6 | 167.4 | (49.8 | ) | (29.7 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 395.4 | $ | 494.5 | $ | (99.1 | ) | (20.0 | )% | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Gross Margin | ||||||||||||||
Electric | $ | 527.8 | $ | 470.4 | $ | 57.4 | 12.2 | % | ||||||
Natural Gas | 145.8 | 150.9 | (5.1 | ) | (3.4 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 1.3 | 1.4 | (0.1 | ) | (7.1 | ) | ||||||||
$ | 674.9 | $ | 622.7 | $ | 52.2 | 8.4 | % | |||||||
34
Consolidated gross margin in 2012 was $674.9 million, an increase of $52.2 million, or 8.4%, from gross margin in 2011. Primary components of this change included the following:
Gross Margin 2012 vs. 2011 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | $ | 47.9 | |
DSM lost revenues | 5.9 | ||
Montana property tax tracker | 4.0 | ||
Gas production | 3.3 | ||
Electric transmission | 2.3 | ||
South Dakota natural gas rate increase | 1.7 | ||
Natural gas and electric retail volumes | (7.0 | ) | |
DGGS revenues | (3.8 | ) | |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (1.3 | ) | |
Other | (0.8 | ) | |
Increase in Consolidated Gross Margin | $ | 52.2 | |
This $52.2 million increase includes the following:
• | A $47.9 million gain associated with a favorable arbitration decision related to a dispute over energy and capacity rates with CELP, as discussed above; |
• | An increase in DSM lost revenues recovered through our supply trackers related to efficiency measures implemented by customers; |
• | An increase in Montana property taxes included in a tracker as compared to 2011; |
• | An increase in gas production margin due to the inclusion of Battle Creek in rates, including approximately $1.1 million that we had deferred in prior periods based on the difference between our cost of service and current natural gas market prices. The acquisition of the Bear Paw Basin assets in the third quarter of 2012 also contributed to the higher gas production margin; |
• | An increase in transmission revenues due to higher demand to transmit energy for others across our lines; and |
• | An increase in South Dakota natural gas rates implemented in December 2011. |
These increases were partly offset by the following:
• | A decrease in natural gas retail volumes, and to a lesser extent electric residential retail volumes, due primarily to warmer winter and spring weather; |
• | Lower DGGS related revenues primarily due to the deferral of an additional $13.7 million of DGGS FERC jurisdictional revenues as discussed above, offset in part by higher DGGS MPSC jurisdictional revenues of approximately $7.2 million due to the regulatory flow-through treatment of the state bonus depreciation deduction during 2011 and approximately $2.7 million that we had deferred in 2011 pending outcome of allocation uncertainty in Montana; and |
• | Lower revenues for operating expenses recovered in trackers, primarily due to lower environmental remediation costs, partly offset by increases in costs for customer efficiency programs. |
35
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses (excluding cost of sales) | ||||||||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | $ | 270.0 | $ | 267.2 | $ | 2.8 | 1.0 | % | ||||||
MSTI impairment | 24.0 | — | $ | 24.0 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Property and other taxes | 97.7 | 89.1 | 8.6 | 9.7 | ||||||||||
Depreciation | 106.0 | 100.9 | 5.1 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
$ | 497.7 | $ | 457.2 | $ | 40.5 | 8.9 | % | |||||||
Consolidated operating, general and administrative expenses were $270.0 million in 2012 as compared to $267.2 million in 2011. Primary components of this change included the following:
Operating, General, & Administrative Expenses 2012 vs. 2011 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Legal and professional fees | $ | 3.9 | |
Employee benefits and labor | 2.8 | ||
Plant operator costs | (1.9 | ) | |
Nonemployee directors deferred compensation | (1.7 | ) | |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (1.3 | ) | |
Other | 1.0 | ||
Increase in Operating, General & Administrative Expenses | $ | 2.8 | |
This $2.8 million increase was primarily due to the following:
• | An increase in legal and professional fees due in part to the DGGS FERC proceeding, the CELP arbitration matter and asset acquisitions discussed above; and |
• | Higher employee benefits and labor primarily due to increased medical costs in 2012. |
These increases were partly offset by the following:
• | Lower plant operator costs at Colstrip Unit 4 and Big Stone offset in part by higher plant operator costs at Coyote due to the timing of scheduled maintenance; |
• | Non-employee directors deferred compensation decreased as compared to the prior year, primarily due to changes in our stock price. and |
• | Lower operating expenses recovered from customers primarily due to lower environmental remediation costs, partly offset by increases in costs for customer efficiency programs. |
As discussed above, we recorded a charge of approximately $24.0 million in the third quarter of 2012 for the impairment of substantially all of the capitalized preliminary survey and investigative costs associated with MSTI.
Property and other taxes were $97.7 million in 2012 as compared with $89.1 million in 2011. This increase was due primarily to higher assessed property valuations in Montana and plant additions.
Depreciation expense was $106.0 million in 2012 as compared with $100.9 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to plant additions.
Consolidated operating income in 2012 was $177.2 million, as compared with $165.5 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to the increase in gross margin partly offset by the MSTI impairment and higher operating expenses discussed above.
36
Consolidated interest expense in 2012 was $65.1 million, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 2.7%, from 2012. This decrease was primarily due to lower interest rates on debt outstanding and higher capitalization of AFUDC.
Consolidated other income in 2012 was $4.4 million, as compared with $3.9 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to higher capitalization of AFUDC, offset in part by a $1.7 million lower gain in 2012 on deferred shares held in trust for non-employee directors deferred compensation as discussed above.
We had a consolidated income tax expense in 2012 of $18.1 million as compared with $10.1 million in 2011. Our effective tax rate was 15.5% for 2012 and 9.8% for 2011. The following table summarizes the significant differences from the Federal statutory rate, which resulted in reduced income tax expense:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2012 | 2011 | ||||||
(in millions) | |||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | $ | 116.5 | $ | 102.6 | |||
Income tax calculated at 35% Federal statutory rate | 40.8 | 35.9 | |||||
Permanent or flow through adjustments: | |||||||
Flow-through repairs deductions | (16.4 | ) | (13.4 | ) | |||
Flow-through of state bonus depreciation deduction | (2.8 | ) | (7.6 | ) | |||
Recognition of state NOL benefit | (2.4 | ) | (2.4 | ) | |||
Prior year permanent return to accrual adjustments | (1.9 | ) | (3.9 | ) | |||
State income tax & other, net | 0.8 | 1.5 | |||||
$ | (22.7 | ) | $ | (25.8 | ) | ||
Income tax expense | $ | 18.1 | $ | 10.1 | |||
Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to the regulatory impact of flowing through federal and state tax benefits of repairs deductions and state tax benefit of bonus depreciation deductions. The regulatory accounting treatment of these deductions requires immediate income recognition for temporary tax differences of this type, which is referred to as the flow-through method. When the flow-through method of accounting for temporary differences is reflected in regulated revenues, we record deferred income taxes and establish related regulatory assets and liabilities.
We recognized federal repairs related tax benefits of $16.4 million and $13.4 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively.
We recognized state tax bonus depreciation related benefits of $2.8 million and $7.6 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively. The 2011 benefit related primarily to DGGS, as well as other qualifying additions.
We maintained a valuation allowance against certain state net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards based on our forecast of taxable income and our estimate that a portion of these NOL carryforwards would more likely than not expire before we could use them. During 2012 and 2011, we recognized a $2.4 million favorable state NOL carryforward utilization benefit due to changes in our estimates of taxable income.
During 2012, we recognized return to accrual adjustment benefits of $1.9 million during the normal course of preparing our 2011 income tax return. During the fourth quarter of 2011, we determined the calculation of certain differences associated primarily with plant-related basis differences had been overstated and therefore recognized a cumulative tax benefit adjustment of approximately $3.9 million. The adjustment related to prior periods and is not material to previously issued or current period financial statements.
Consolidated net income in 2012 was $98.4 million as compared with $92.6 million in 2011. This increase was primarily due to higher gross margin, largely due to the gain associated with the CELP arbitration decision, partially offset by the charge related to the MSTI project, higher property taxes, depreciation and income tax expense.
37
ELECTRIC MARGIN
We have various classifications of electric revenues, defined as follows:
• | Retail: Sales of electricity to residential, commercial and industrial customers. |
• | Regulatory amortization: Primarily represents timing differences for electric supply costs and property taxes between when we incur these costs and when we recover these costs in rates from our customers. |
• | Transmission: Reflects transmission revenues regulated by the FERC. |
• | Ancillary Services: FERC jurisdictional services that ensure reliability and support the transmission of electricity from generation sites to customer loads. Such services include regulation service, reserves and voltage support. |
• | Wholesale: Sales of electricity to electric cooperatives, municipalities and other electric utilities, the prices for which are based on prevailing market prices. |
• | Other: Miscellaneous electric revenues. |
Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2012
Results | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Retail revenue | $ | 781.7 | $ | 747.9 | $ | 33.8 | 4.5 | % | ||||||
Regulatory amortization | 25.1 | 10.0 | 15.1 | 151.0 | ||||||||||
Total retail revenues | 806.8 | 757.9 | 48.9 | 6.5 | ||||||||||
Transmission | 50.1 | 46.4 | 3.7 | 8.0 | ||||||||||
Ancillary Services | 1.5 | (6.1 | ) | 7.6 | (124.6 | ) | ||||||||
Wholesale | 2.0 | 3.0 | (1.0 | ) | (33.3 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 4.8 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 9.1 | ||||||||||
Total Revenues | 865.2 | 805.6 | 59.6 | 7.4 | ||||||||||
Total Cost of Sales | 358.7 | 277.8 | 80.9 | 29.1 | % | |||||||||
Gross Margin | $ | 506.5 | $ | 527.8 | $ | (21.3 | ) | (4.0 | )% | |||||
Revenues | Megawatt Hours (MWH) | Avg. Customer Counts | |||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Retail Electric | |||||||||||||||||||
Montana | $ | 271,283 | $ | 255,623 | 2,411 | 2,356 | 276,353 | 273,984 | |||||||||||
South Dakota | 48,574 | 47,696 | 580 | 544 | 49,298 | 48,929 | |||||||||||||
Residential | 319,857 | 303,319 | 2,991 | 2,900 | 325,651 | 322,913 | |||||||||||||
Montana | 321,261 | 308,077 | 3,182 | 3,199 | 62,744 | 62,102 | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 69,800 | 69,639 | 965 | 938 | 12,073 | 12,113 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | 391,061 | 377,716 | 4,147 | 4,137 | 74,817 | 74,215 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | 41,495 | 37,835 | 2,922 | 2,876 | 74 | 74 | |||||||||||||
Other | 29,316 | 29,074 | 187 | 199 | 5,991 | 5,990 | |||||||||||||
Total Retail Electric | $ | 781,729 | $ | 747,944 | 10,247 | 10,112 | 406,533 | 403,192 | |||||||||||
Total Wholesale Electric | $ | 1,993 | $ | 2,959 | 94 | 183 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Degree Days | 2013 as compared with: | ||||||||
Cooling Degree-Days | 2013 | 2012 | Historic Average | 2012 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 438 | 450 | 301 | 3% colder | 46% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 848 | 1,084 | 734 | 22% colder | 16% warmer | ||||
38
Degree Days | 2013 as compared with: | ||||||||
Heating Degree-Days | 2013 | 2012 | Historic Average | 2012 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 7,817 | 7,331 | 7,888 | 7% colder | 1% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 8,292 | 6,387 | 7,632 | 30% colder | 9% colder | ||||
The following summarizes the components of the changes in electric margin for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
Gross Margin 2013 vs. 2012 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | $ | (47.9 | ) |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (1.1 | ) | |
Spion Kop revenue | 5.6 | ||
Retail volumes | 5.4 | ||
DGGS revenues | 5.1 | ||
Property tax trackers | 3.8 | ||
Transmission | 3.7 | ||
QF supply costs | 1.0 | ||
DSM lost revenues | 0.9 | ||
Other | 2.2 | ||
Decrease in Gross Margin | $ | (21.3 | ) |
This decrease in margin is primarily due to:
• | A $47.9 million gain in 2012 associated with a favorable arbitration decision related to a dispute over energy and capacity rates with CELP; and |
• | Lower revenues for operating expenses recovered in trackers, primarily related to customer efficiency programs. |
These decreases were offset in part by:
• | The acquisition of the Spion Kop wind farm in the fourth quarter of 2012; |
• | An increase in retail volumes due primarily to colder winter and spring weather; |
• | Higher DGGS ancillary services revenue primarily due to inclusion in 2012 results of a $6.4 million deferral of revenues collected in 2011 related to the FERC ALJ nonbinding decision discussed above; |
• | An increase in property taxes included in a tracker; |
• | An increase in transmission revenues due to higher demand to transmit energy for others across our lines; |
• | Lower QF related supply costs based on actual QF pricing and output; and |
• | An increase in DSM lost revenues recovered through our supply trackers related to efficiency measures implemented by customers. |
Demand for transmission can fluctuate substantially from year to year based on hydro, weather and market conditions in Montana and states to the South and West. While improved market pricing and other conditions resulted in increased demand to transmit electricity from Montana over our lines, the outage at Colstrip Unit 4 partly reduced energy available to transmit over our lines.
The increase in regulatory amortization revenue reflected above is due to timing differences between when we incur electric supply costs and when we recover these costs in rates from our customers, which has a minimal impact on gross margin.
Retail volumes increased primarily due to colder winter weather. Wholesale volumes decreased from lower plant utilization in 2013 due to the combination of market conditions and scheduled maintenance.
39
Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2011
Results | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Retail revenue | $ | 747.9 | $ | 729.7 | $ | 18.2 | 2.5 | % | ||||||
Regulatory amortization | 10.0 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 16.3 | ||||||||||
Total retail revenues | 757.9 | 738.3 | 19.6 | 2.7 | ||||||||||
Transmission | 46.4 | 44.1 | 2.3 | 5.2 | ||||||||||
Ancillary Services | (6.1 | ) | 7.8 | (13.9 | ) | (178.2 | ) | |||||||
Wholesale | 3.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 57.9 | ||||||||||
Other | 4.4 | 5.4 | (1.0 | ) | (18.5 | ) | ||||||||
Total Revenues | 805.6 | 797.5 | 8.1 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
Total Cost of Sales | 277.8 | 327.1 | (49.3 | ) | (15.1 | ) | ||||||||
Gross Margin | $ | 527.8 | $ | 470.4 | $ | 57.4 | 12.2 | % | ||||||
Revenues | Megawatt Hours (MWH) | Avg. Customer Counts | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Retail Electric | |||||||||||||||||||
Montana | $ | 255,623 | $ | 250,988 | 2,356 | 2,394 | 273,984 | 272,131 | |||||||||||
South Dakota | 47,696 | 46,869 | 544 | 565 | 48,929 | 48,685 | |||||||||||||
Residential | 303,319 | 297,857 | 2,900 | 2,959 | 322,913 | 320,816 | |||||||||||||
Montana | 308,077 | 302,591 | 3,199 | 3,197 | 62,102 | 61,571 | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 69,639 | 65,614 | 938 | 919 | 12,113 | 11,946 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | 377,716 | 368,205 | 4,137 | 4,116 | 74,215 | 73,517 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | 37,835 | 37,378 | 2,876 | 2,833 | 74 | 72 | |||||||||||||
Other | 29,074 | 26,298 | 199 | 170 | 5,990 | 5,875 | |||||||||||||
Total Retail Electric | $ | 747,944 | $ | 729,738 | 10,112 | 10,078 | 403,192 | 400,280 | |||||||||||
Wholesale Electric | $ | 2,959 | $ | 1,928 | 183 | 106 | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||
Degree Days | 2012 as compared with: | ||||||||
Cooling Degree-Days | 2012 | 2011 | Historic Average | 2011 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 450 | 328 | 302 | 37% warmer | 49% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 1,084 | 862 | 734 | 26% warmer | 48% warmer | ||||
Degree Days | 2012 as compared with: | ||||||||
Heating Degree-Days | 2012 | 2011 | Historic Average | 2011 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 7,331 | 8,094 | 7,959 | 9% warmer | 8% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 6,387 | 8,074 | 7,773 | 21% warmer | 18% warmer | ||||
40
The following summarizes the components of the changes in electric margin for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Gross Margin 2012 vs. 2011 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | $ | 47.9 | |
DSM lost revenues | 5.9 | ||
Montana property tax tracker | 3.0 | ||
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | 3.0 | ||
Transmission | 2.3 | ||
DGGS revenues | (3.8 | ) | |
Retail volumes | (1.5 | ) | |
Other | 0.6 | ||
Increase in Gross Margin | $ | 57.4 | |
The improvement in margin is primarily due to:
• | A $47.9 million gain associated with a favorable arbitration decision related to a dispute over energy and capacity rates with CELP; |
• | An increase in DSM lost revenues recovered through our supply trackers related to efficiency measures implemented by customers; |
• | An increase in Montana property taxes included in a tracker as compared to the same period in 2011; |
• | Higher revenues for operating expenses recovered in trackers, primarily related to customer efficiency programs; and |
• | An increase in transmission capacity revenues due to higher demand to transmit energy for others across our lines. |
These increases were offset in part by:
• | Lower DGGS related revenues related to the FERC ALJ nonbinding decision as discussed above; and |
• | A decrease in residential retail volumes due primarily to warmer winter and spring weather. |
The increase in regulatory amortization revenue reflected above is due to timing differences between when we incur electric supply costs and when we recover these costs in rates from our customers, which has a minimal impact on gross margin.
Retail volumes increased from higher commercial, industrial and other usage, offset in part by lower residential volumes due primarily to warmer winter and spring weather. Wholesale volumes increased from higher plant utilization in 2012. Lower plant utilization in 2011 was due to the combination of market conditions and scheduled maintenance.
41
NATURAL GAS MARGIN
Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2012
Results | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Retail revenue | $ | 253.4 | $ | 220.8 | $ | 32.6 | 14.8 | % | ||||||
Regulatory amortization | (5.2 | ) | 7.9 | (13.1 | ) | (165.8 | ) | |||||||
Total retail revenues | 248.2 | 228.7 | 19.5 | 8.5 | ||||||||||
Wholesale and other | 39.4 | 34.7 | 4.7 | 13.5 | ||||||||||
Total Revenues | 287.6 | 263.4 | 24.2 | 9.2 | ||||||||||
Total Cost of Sales | 120.9 | 117.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||||||||||
Gross Margin | $ | 166.7 | $ | 145.8 | $ | 20.9 | 14.3 | % | ||||||
Revenues | Dekatherms (Dkt) | Customer Counts | |||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Retail Gas | |||||||||||||||||||
Montana | $ | 111,605 | $ | 102,884 | 12,736 | 11,826 | 160,516 | 159,431 | |||||||||||
South Dakota | 26,302 | 21,085 | 3,074 | 2,351 | 38,230 | 37,915 | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 24,740 | 19,223 | 2,648 | 2,129 | 36,692 | 36,595 | |||||||||||||
Residential | 162,647 | 143,192 | 18,458 | 16,306 | 235,438 | 233,941 | |||||||||||||
Montana | 56,356 | 51,978 | 6,591 | 6,082 | 22,455 | 22,326 | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 19,163 | 13,446 | 3,025 | 2,116 | 6,045 | 5,980 | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 13,160 | 10,250 | 1,971 | 1,674 | 4,601 | 4,580 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | 88,679 | 75,674 | 11,587 | 9,872 | 33,101 | 32,886 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | 1,083 | 1,021 | 129 | 121 | 264 | 272 | |||||||||||||
Other | 1,019 | 905 | 137 | 118 | 156 | 150 | |||||||||||||
Total Retail Gas | $ | 253,428 | $ | 220,792 | 30,311 | 26,417 | 268,959 | 267,249 | |||||||||||
Degree Days | 2013 as compared with: | ||||||||
Heating Degree-Days | 2013 | 2012 | Historic Average | 2012 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 7,817 | 7,331 | 7,888 | 7% colder | 1% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 8,292 | 6,387 | 7,632 | 30% colder | 9% colder | ||||
Nebraska | 6,446 | 5,175 | 6,302 | 25% colder | 2% colder | ||||
42
The following summarizes the components of the changes in natural gas margin for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:
Gross Margin 2013 vs. 2012 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Natural gas production | $ | 8.1 | |
Retail volumes | 6.5 | ||
Montana rate increase | 6.6 | ||
Transportation capacity | 1.3 | ||
DSM lost revenues | (1.2 | ) | |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (0.9 | ) | |
Other | 0.5 | ||
Increase in Gross Margin | $ | 20.9 | |
This increase in gross margin and volumes was primarily due to:
• | An increase in natural gas production margin primarily due to the full period effect of the acquisition of gas production assets in the third quarter of 2012 and the acquisition of gas production assets in December 2013, which is subject to refund; |
• | Higher retail volumes from colder winter and spring weather; |
• | An increase in Montana natural gas delivery rates implemented in April 2013; and |
• | An increase in transportation revenues due to higher demand and new customer contracts. |
These increases were offset in part by the following:
• | A decrease in DSM lost revenues recovered through our supply trackers related to efficiency measures implemented by customers. This decrease was primarily due to implementing new Montana natural gas delivery base rates in April 2013; and |
• | Lower revenues for operating expenses recovered in energy supply trackers primarily related to customer efficiency programs. |
The decrease in regulatory amortization is primarily due to timing differences between when we incur natural gas supply costs and when we recover these costs in rates from our customers.
Our wholesale and other revenues are largely gross margin neutral as they are offset by changes in cost of sales. In addition, average natural gas supply prices decreased in 2013 resulting in lower retail revenues and cost of sales as compared with 2012, with no impact to gross margin.
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Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2011
Results | ||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Retail revenue | $ | 220.8 | $ | 274.8 | $ | (54.0 | ) | (19.7 | )% | |||||
Regulatory amortization | 7.9 | 2.5 | 5.4 | 216.0 | ||||||||||
Total retail revenues | 228.7 | 277.3 | (48.6 | ) | (17.5 | ) | ||||||||
Wholesale and other | 34.7 | 41.0 | (6.3 | ) | (15.4 | ) | ||||||||
Total Revenues | 263.4 | 318.3 | (54.9 | ) | (17.2 | ) | ||||||||
Total Cost of Sales | 117.6 | 167.4 | (49.8 | ) | (29.7 | ) | ||||||||
Gross Margin | $ | 145.8 | $ | 150.9 | $ | (5.1 | ) | (3.4 | )% | |||||
Revenues | Dekatherms (Dkt) | Customer Counts | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||
Retail Gas | |||||||||||||||||||
Montana | $ | 102,884 | $ | 124,001 | 11,826 | 13,170 | 159,431 | 158,514 | |||||||||||
South Dakota | 21,085 | 25,633 | 2,351 | 2,918 | 37,915 | 37,515 | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 19,223 | 23,855 | 2,129 | 2,605 | 36,595 | 36,586 | |||||||||||||
Residential | 143,192 | 173,489 | 16,306 | 18,693 | 233,941 | 232,615 | |||||||||||||
Montana | 51,978 | 63,346 | 6,082 | 6,787 | 22,326 | 22,176 | |||||||||||||
South Dakota | 13,446 | 18,591 | 2,116 | 2,665 | 5,980 | 5,915 | |||||||||||||
Nebraska | 10,250 | 16,915 | 1,674 | 2,668 | 4,580 | 4,586 | |||||||||||||
Commercial | 75,674 | 98,852 | 9,872 | 12,120 | 32,886 | 32,677 | |||||||||||||
Industrial | 1,021 | 1,464 | 121 | 162 | 272 | 278 | |||||||||||||
Other | 905 | 1,044 | 118 | 126 | 150 | 147 | |||||||||||||
Total Retail Gas | $ | 220,792 | $ | 274,849 | 26,417 | 31,101 | 267,249 | 265,717 | |||||||||||
Degree Days | 2012 as compared with: | ||||||||
Heating Degree-Days | 2012 | 2011 | Historic Average | 2011 | Historic Average | ||||
Montana | 7,331 | 8,094 | 7,959 | 9% warmer | 8% warmer | ||||
South Dakota | 6,387 | 8,074 | 7,773 | 21% warmer | 18% warmer | ||||
Nebraska | 5,175 | 6,493 | 6,432 | 20% warmer | 20% warmer | ||||
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The following summarizes the components of the changes in natural gas margin for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:
Gross Margin 2012 vs. 2011 | |||
(in millions) | |||
Retail volumes | $ | (5.5 | ) |
Operating expenses recovered in trackers | (4.3 | ) | |
Gas production | 3.3 | ||
South Dakota rate increase | 1.7 | ||
Montana property tax tracker | 1.0 | ||
Other | (1.3 | ) | |
Decrease in Gross Margin | $ | (5.1 | ) |
This decrease in gross margin and volumes was primarily due to:
• | Lower retail volumes from warmer winter and spring weather; and |
• | Lower revenues for operating expenses recovered in trackers primarily related to environmental remediation costs and customer efficiency programs. |
These decreases were offset in part by the following:
• | An increase in gas production margin primarily due to the MPSC's approval of Battle Creek in rates. During November 2012 we recognized approximately $2.2 million of revenues that had previously been deferred pending MPSC approval, including $1.1 million related to 2011. The acquisition of the Bear Paw Basin assets in the third quarter of 2012 also contributed to the higher gas production margin; |
• | An increase in South Dakota natural gas rates implemented in December 2011; and |
• | An increase in Montana property taxes included in a tracker as compared to the same period in 2011. |
The increase in regulatory amortization is primarily due to timing differences between when we incur natural gas supply costs and when we recover these costs in rates from our customers.
Our wholesale and other revenues are largely gross margin neutral as they are offset by changes in cost of sales. In addition, average natural gas supply prices decreased in 2012 resulting in lower retail revenues and cost of sales as compared with 2011, with no impact to gross margin.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We require liquidity to support and grow our business, and use our liquidity for working capital needs, capital expenditures, investments in or acquisitions of assets, and to repay debt. We believe our cash flows from operations and existing borrowing capacity should be sufficient to fund our operations, service existing debt, pay dividends, and fund capital expenditures (excluding strategic growth opportunities). The amount of capital expenditures and dividends are subject to certain factors including the use of existing cash, cash equivalents and the receipt of cash from operations. In addition, a material change in operations or available financing could impact our current liquidity and ability to fund capital resource requirements, and we may defer a portion of our planned capital expenditures as necessary.
We issue debt securities to refinance retiring maturities, reduce short-term debt, fund construction programs and for other general corporate purposes. To fund our strategic growth opportunities, including the Hydro Transaction as discussed above, we intend to utilize available cash flow, debt capacity that would allow us to maintain investment grade ratings, and issue equity. In April 2012, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100 million. During 2013, we issued 1,381,494 shares of our common stock at an average price of $41.61 per share, for net proceeds of $56.8 million. In addition, we issued $100 million of first mortgage bonds during the fourth quarter of 2013. Proceeds were ultimately used to fund a portion of our investment growth opportunities.
We plan to maintain a 50 - 55% debt to total capital ratio excluding capital leases, and expect to continue targeting a long-term dividend payout ratio of 60 - 70% of earnings per share; however, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet these targets. During 2014, assuming receipt of reasonably satisfactory regulatory approvals, we expect to issue approximately $450 - $500 million of debt securities and up to $400 million of equity securities, as well as use up to $50 million cash, to fund the Hydro Transaction. In November 2013, in connection with the Hydro Transaction, we entered into a $900 million 364-day senior bridge credit facility (bridge facility). The bridge facility may be used temporarily in a single draw to finance the Hydro Transaction and pay related fees and expenses pending completion of the permanent financing. Any advance under the bridge facility is subject to certain conditions including regulatory approval of the Hydro Transaction, and would be due and payable within one year of borrowing.
Short-term liquidity is provided by internal cash flows, the sale of commercial paper and use of our revolving credit facility. We utilize our short-term borrowings and/or revolver availability to manage our cash flows due to the seasonality of our business, and utilize any cash on hand in excess of current operating requirements to invest in our business and reduce borrowings. Short-term borrowings may also be used to temporarily fund utility capital requirements. As of December 31, 2013, our total net liquidity was approximately $175.6 million, including $16.6 million of cash and $159.0 million of revolving credit facility availability. As of December 31, 2013, there were no letters of credit outstanding.
We closely monitor the financial institutions associated with our credit facility. A total of eight banks participate in our revolving credit facility, with no one bank providing more than 16% of the total availability. As of December 31, 2013, no bank has advised us of its intent to withdraw from the revolving credit facility or to not honor its obligations. Our revolving credit facility requires us to maintain a debt to capitalization ratio at or below 65%. At December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with this ratio. The revolving credit facility also contains default and related acceleration provisions related to default on other debt. The following table presents additional information about short term borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2013 (in millions):
Amount outstanding at year end | $ | 141.0 | |
Daily average amount outstanding | $ | 69.0 | |
Maximum amount outstanding | $ | 199.9 | |
Minimum amount outstanding | $ | 3.0 | |
As of February 14, 2014, our availability under our revolving credit facility was approximately $213.0 million.
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Credit Ratings
In general, less favorable credit ratings make debt financing more costly and more difficult to obtain on terms that are favorable to us and impacts our trade credit availability. Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard and Poor's Ratings Service (S&P) are independent credit-rating agencies that rate our debt securities. These ratings indicate the agencies' assessment of our ability to pay interest and principal when due on our debt. As of February 14, 2014, our ratings with these agencies were as follows:
Senior Secured Rating | Senior Unsecured Rating | Commercial Paper | Outlook | ||||
Fitch | A- | BBB+ | F2 | Positive Watch | |||
Moody’s | A1 | A3 | Prime-2 | Stable | |||
S&P | A- | BBB | A-2 | Stable | |||
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. Such rating may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the credit rating agency and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
Capital Requirements
Our capital expenditures program is subject to continuing review and modification. Actual utility construction expenditures may vary from estimates due to changes in electric and natural gas projected load growth, changing business operating conditions and other business factors. We anticipate funding capital expenditures through cash flows from operations, available credit sources, debt and equity issuances and future rate increases. Our estimated maintenance, DSIP and supply related capital expenditures for the next five years are as follows (in thousands):
Year | Maintenance | DSIP | Supply | Total | |||||||||
2014 | $ | 182,000 | $ | 51,900 | $ | 37,900 | $ | 271,800 | |||||
2015 | 199,600 | 50,100 | 28,900 | 278,600 | |||||||||
2016 | 169,600 | 50,100 | — | 219,700 | |||||||||
2017 | 156,300 | 50,100 | — | 206,400 | |||||||||
2018 | 147,200 | — | — | 147,200 | |||||||||
Maintenance - Maintenance capital expenditures are for continuing projects to maintain and improve operations, including adding capacity in response to customer growth. These amounts include approximately $70 million for expansion of our existing transmission system over the next five years related to the upgrade of the Jackrabbit to Big Sky line and the Columbus to Chrome Junction project, which includes substation upgrades and construction of a new 100 kV line.
DSIP - We are currently projecting capital expenditures for infrastructure investment to be approximately $202.2 million over the next four years. The distribution infrastructure projections reflect our need to address aging infrastructure discussed above in the "Strategy" section.
Supply - Capital expenditures related to supply are primarily related to our portion of environmental compliance costs at the Big Stone electric generation unit.
Our estimated capital requirements do not reflect strategic growth opportunities, including the proposed Hydro Transaction.
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Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
We have a variety of contractual obligations and other commitments that require payment of cash at certain specified periods. The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2013. See additional discussion in Note 20 – Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Total | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,155,097 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 150,000 | $ | — | $ | 55,000 | $ | 950,097 | |||||||||||||
Capital leases | 31,557 | 1,662 | 1,733 | 1,837 | 1,979 | 2,133 | 22,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term borrowings | 140,950 | 140,950 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Future minimum operating lease payments | 4,378 | 1,655 | 1,260 | 796 | 434 | 40 | 193 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated pension and other postretirement obligations (1) | 68,368 | 13,785 | 13,749 | 13,695 | 13,623 | 13,516 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Qualifying facilities (2) liability | 1,082,371 | 67,283 | 69,606 | 71,598 | 73,622 | 75,688 | 724,574 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Supply and capacity contracts (3) | 2,057,924 | 305,773 | 202,648 | 160,746 | 136,730 | 108,605 | 1,143,422 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual interest payments on debt (4) | 747,035 | 62,002 | 62,002 | 62,002 | 52,942 | 51,230 | 456,857 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Environmental remediation obligations (1) | 9,000 | 1,700 | 1,300 | 2,200 | 2,200 | 1,600 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total Commitments (5) | $ | 5,296,680 | $ | 594,810 | $ | 352,298 | $ | 462,874 | $ | 281,530 | $ | 307,812 | $ | 3,297,356 | |||||||||||||
___________________________
(1) | We have estimated cash obligations related to our pension and other postretirement benefit programs and environmental remediation obligations for five years, as it is not practicable to estimate thereafter. The pension and other postretirement benefit estimates reflect our expected cash contributions, which may be in excess of minimum funding requirements. |
(2) | Certain QFs require us to purchase minimum amounts of energy at prices ranging from $74 to $136 per MWH through 2029. Our estimated gross contractual obligation related to these QFs is approximately $1.1 billion. A portion of the costs incurred to purchase this energy is recoverable through rates authorized by the MPSC, totaling approximately $0.9 billion. |
(3) | We have entered into various purchase commitments, largely purchased power, coal and natural gas supply and natural gas transportation contracts. These commitments range from one to 28 years. |
(4) | For our variable rate short-term borrowings outstanding, we have assumed an average interest rate of 0.41% through maturity. |
(5) | Potential tax payments related to uncertain tax positions are not practicable to estimate and have been excluded from this table. |
Factors Impacting our Liquidity
Supply Costs - Our operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations in cash flow. During the heating season, which is primarily from November through March, cash receipts from natural gas and electric sales typically exceed cash requirements. During the summer months, cash on hand, together with the seasonal increase in cash flows and utilization of our existing revolver, are used to purchase natural gas to place in storage, perform maintenance and make capital improvements.
The effect of this seasonality on our liquidity is also impacted by changes in the market prices of our electric and natural gas supply, which is recovered through various monthly cost tracking mechanisms. These energy supply tracking mechanisms are designed to provide stable and timely recovery of supply costs on a monthly basis during the July to June annual tracking period, with an adjustment in the following annual tracking period to correct for any under or over collection in our monthly trackers. Due to the lag between our purchases of electric and natural gas commodities and revenue receipt from customers, cyclical over and under collection situations arise consistent with the seasonal fluctuations discussed above; therefore we usually under collect in the fall and winter and over collect in the spring. Fluctuations in recoveries under our cost tracking mechanisms can have a significant effect on cash flows from operations and make year-to-year comparisons difficult.
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As of December 31, 2013, we are under collected on our current Montana natural gas and electric trackers by approximately $27.3 million, as compared with an under collection of $10.4 million as of December 31, 2012, and an under collection of approximately $14.7 million as of December 31, 2011. This under collection is primarily due to the volatility of commodity prices.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flows for 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Operating Activities | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 94.0 | $ | 98.4 | $ | 92.6 | |||||
Non-cash adjustments to net income | 166.1 | 132.0 | 167.1 | ||||||||
Changes in working capital | (30.4 | ) | 47.0 | 1.5 | |||||||
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | (36.0 | ) | (26.2 | ) | (27.5 | ) | |||||
193.7 | 251.2 | 233.7 | |||||||||
Investing Activities | |||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment additions | (230.5 | ) | (219.2 | ) | (188.7 | ) | |||||
Asset acquisitions | (68.7 | ) | (103.2 | ) | — | ||||||
Sale of assets | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||||
(295.4 | ) | (322.2 | ) | (188.5 | ) | ||||||
Financing Activities | |||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 56.8 | 28.5 | — | ||||||||
Issuances (repayments) of long-term debt, net | 99.9 | 146.1 | (159.6 | ) | |||||||
Issuances (repayments) of short-term borrowings, net | 18.0 | (44.0 | ) | 166.9 | |||||||
Dividends on common stock | (57.7 | ) | (54.2 | ) | (51.9 | ) | |||||
Other | (8.5 | ) | (1.5 | ) | (0.9 | ) | |||||
108.5 | 74.9 | (45.5 | ) | ||||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 6.8 | $ | 3.9 | $ | (0.3 | ) | ||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period | $ | 9.8 | $ | 5.9 | $ | 6.2 | |||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period | $ | 16.6 | $ | 9.8 | $ | 5.9 | |||||
Cash Flows Provided By Operating Activities
As of December 31, 2013, our cash and cash equivalents were $16.6 million as compared with $9.8 million at December 31, 2012. Cash provided by operating activities totaled $193.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared with $251.2 million during 2012. This decrease in operating cash flows is primarily due to a decrease in collection of receivables from customers of approximately $34.2 million, which includes approximately $20.0 million associated with billing delays as a result of a new customer information system implemented in September 2013, as compared with 2012. We expect these billing delays to be resolved during the first half of 2014. Also contributing to the decrease in operating cash flows were a $16.9 million increase in the under collection of supply costs in our trackers, as discussed above, and higher interest payments of approximately $6.5 million.
Our 2012 operating cash flows increased by approximately $17.4 million as compared with 2011. This increase in operating cash flows was primarily due to lower average prices for natural gas.
Cash Flows Used In Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities totaled $295.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared with $322.2 million during 2012, and $188.5 million in 2011. During 2013, property, plant and equipment additions include maintenance additions of approximately $125.2 million, supply related capital expenditures of approximately $53.8 million, primarily related to environmental compliance costs at our jointly owned plants, and DSIP capital expenditures of approximately $47.4 million. Asset acquisitions during 2013 include the Montana natural gas production assets and pipeline.
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Property, plant and equipment additions during 2012 and 2011 were $219.2 million, and $188.7 million, respectively. Asset acquisitions during 2012 included Spion Kop wind generation and Bear Paw natural gas production assets.
Cash Flows Provided By (Used In) Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities totaled $108.4 million during 2013 compared with cash provided by financing activities of $74.9 million during 2012 and cash used in financing activities of $45.5 million during 2011. During 2013, we received proceeds from common stock issuances pursuant to our equity distribution agreement of $56.8 million, proceeds from the issuance of debt of $100 million, and the net issuance of commercial paper of $18.0 million, partially offset by the payment of dividends of $57.7 million. During 2012, we received proceeds from common stock issuances pursuant to our equity distribution agreement of $28.5 million and proceeds from the issuance of debt of $150 million, partially offset by the payment of dividends on common stock of $54.2 million and net repayment of commercial paper of $44 million.
Financing Transactions - In December 2013, we issued $65 million aggregate principal amount of Montana and South Dakota First Mortgage Bonds at a fixed interest rate of 4.85% maturing in 2043. At the same time, we also issued $35 million aggregate principal amount of Montana First Mortgage Bonds at a fixed interest rate of 3.99% maturing in 2028. The bonds are secured by our electric and natural gas assets in the respective jurisdictions. The bonds were issued in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Proceeds were used to fund a portion of our investment growth opportunities.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that are believed to be proper and reasonable under the circumstances. We continually evaluate the appropriateness of our estimates and assumptions, including those related to goodwill, QF liabilities, impairment of long-lived assets and revenue recognition, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
We have identified the policies and related procedures below as critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these polices affect the reported amounts of revenue and are the more significant areas involving management's judgments and estimates.
Goodwill and Long-lived Assets
We assess the carrying value of our goodwill for impairment at least annually (April 1) and more frequently if indications of impairment exist. We calculate the fair value of our reporting units by considering various factors, including valuation studies based primarily on a discounted cash flow methodology and published industry valuations and market data as supporting information. These calculations are dependent on subjective factors such as management’s estimate of future cash flows and the selection of appropriate discount and growth rates. These underlying assumptions and estimates are made as of a point in time; subsequent changes in these assumptions could result in a future impairment charge. We monitor for events or circumstances that may indicate an interim goodwill impairment test is necessary. Accounting standards require that if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value including goodwill, an impairment charge for goodwill must be recognized in the financial statements. To measure the amount of an impairment loss, the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is compared with its carrying value.
As of April 1, 2013, the fair values of each of our reporting units substantially exceeded carrying value, including goodwill. In estimating cash flows, we incorporate expected long-term growth rates in our service territory, regulatory stability, and commodity prices (where appropriate), as well as other factors that affect our revenue, expense and capital expenditure projections. Due to our regulated environment, if an increase in the cost of capital occurred, the effect on the corresponding reporting unit's fair value should be ultimately offset by a similar increase in the reporting unit's regulated revenues since those rates include a component that is based on the reporting unit's cost of capital.
We evaluate our property, plant and equipment for impairment if an indicator of impairment exists. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows from a company's asset, without interest charges, is less than the carrying value of the asset, impairment must be recognized in the financial statements. If an asset is deemed to be impaired, then the amount of the impairment loss recognized represents the excess of the asset's carrying value as compared to its estimated fair value, based on management's assumptions and projections.
We believe that the accounting estimate related to determining the fair value of goodwill and long-lived assets, and thus any impairment, is a “critical accounting estimate" because: (i) it is highly susceptible to change from period to period since it requires company management to make cash flow assumptions about future revenues, operating costs and discount rates over an indefinite life; and (ii) recognizing an impairment could have a significant impact on the assets reported in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and our Consolidated Statements of Income. Management's assumptions about future margins and volumes require significant judgment because actual margins and volumes have fluctuated in the past and are expected to continue to do so. In estimating future margins, we use our internal budgets.
Qualifying Facilities Liability
Our QF liability primarily consists of unrecoverable costs associated with three contracts covered under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). Under the terms of these contracts, we are required to purchase minimum amounts of energy at prices ranging from $74 to $136 per MWH through 2029. Our estimated gross contractual obligation related to the QFs is approximately $1.1 billion through 2029. A portion of the costs incurred to purchase this energy is recoverable through rates, totaling approximately $0.9 billion through 2029. We maintain a liability based on the net present value (discounted at 7.75%) of the difference between our estimated obligations under the QFs and the fixed amounts recoverable in rates.
The liability was established based on certain assumptions and projections over the contract terms related to pricing, estimated output and recoverable amounts. Since the liability is based on projections over the next several years; actual QF
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output, changes in pricing, contract amendments and regulatory decisions relating to QFs could significantly impact the liability and our results of operations in any given year. In assessing the liability each reporting period, we compare our assumptions to actual results and make adjustments as necessary for that period.
One of the QF contracts contains variable pricing terms, which exposes us to price escalation risks. The estimated annual escalation rate for this QF contract is a key assumption and is based on a combination of historical actual results and market data available for future projections. In estimating our QF liability, we have estimated an annual escalation rate of 3% over the remaining term of the contract (through June 2024). The actual escalation rate can change significantly on an annual basis, which could significantly impact the liability and our results of operations in any given year.
Revenue Recognition
Customers are billed on a monthly cycle basis. To match revenues with associated expenses, we accrue unbilled revenues for electric and natural gas services delivered to the customers but not yet billed at month-end. The calculation of unbilled revenue is affected by factors that include fluctuations in energy demand for the unbilled period, seasonality, weather, customer usage patterns, price in effect for each customer class and estimated transmission and distribution line losses. We base our estimate of unbilled revenue each period on the volume of energy delivered, as valued by the billing cycle and historical usage rates and growth by customer class for our service area. This figure is then adjusted for the projected impact of seasonal and weather variations.
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Our operations are subject to the provisions of ASC 980, Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation. Our regulatory assets are the probable future revenues associated with certain costs to be recovered from customers through the ratemaking process, including our estimate of amounts recoverable for natural gas and electric supply purchases. Regulatory liabilities are the probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. We determine which costs are recoverable by consulting previous rulings by state regulatory authorities in jurisdictions where we operate or other factors that lead us to believe that cost recovery is probable. This accounting treatment is impacted by the uncertainties of our regulatory environment, anticipated future regulatory decisions and their impact. If any part of our operations becomes no longer subject to the provisions of ASC 980, or facts and circumstances lead us to conclude that a recorded regulatory asset is no longer probable of recovery, we would record a charge to earnings, which could be material. In addition, we would need to determine if there was any impairment to the carrying costs of the associated plant and inventory assets.
While we believe that our assumptions regarding future regulatory actions are reasonable, different assumptions could materially affect our results. See Note 5 – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans
We sponsor and/or contribute to pension, postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for eligible employees. Our reported costs of providing pension and other postretirement benefits, as described in Note 16 - Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements, are dependent upon numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, rate of return on plan assets and other economic conditions, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. As a result of these factors, significant portions of pension and other postretirement benefit costs recorded in any period do not reflect (and are generally greater than) the actual benefits provided to plan participants. Due to the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of the obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, the determination of these costs is considered a critical accounting estimate.
Assumptions
Key actuarial assumptions utilized in determining these costs include:
• | Discount rates used in determining the future benefit obligations; |
• | Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets; and |
• | Rate of increase in future compensation levels. |
We review these assumptions on an annual basis and adjust them as necessary. The assumptions are based upon market interest rates, past experience and management's best estimate of future economic conditions.
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We set the discount rate using a yield curve analysis, which projects benefit cash flows into the future and then discounts those cash flows to the measurement date using a yield curve. This is done by constructing a hypothetical bond portfolio whose cash flow from coupons and maturities matches the year-by-year, projected benefit cash flow from our plans. Based on this analysis as of December 31, 2013, our discount rate on the NorthWestern Corporation pension plan is 4.55% and on the NorthWestern Energy pension plan is 4.75%.
In determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, we review historical returns, the future expectations for returns for each asset class weighted by the target asset allocation of the pension and postretirement portfolios, and long-term inflation assumptions. During 2013, we changed our target asset allocation of 50% equity securities / 50% fixed-income securities to 35% equity securities / 65% fixed-income securities. Based on our current target asset allocation, our expected long-term rate of return on assets assumption is 5.80% for 2014.
Cost Sensitivity
The following table reflects the sensitivity of pension costs to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (in thousands):
Actuarial Assumption | Change in Assumption | Impact on Pension Cost | Impact on Projected Benefit Obligation | ||||||||
Discount rate | 0.25 | % | $ | (1,927 | ) | $ | (16,992 | ) | |||
(0.25 | ) | 2,018 | 18,389 | ||||||||
Rate of return on plan assets | 0.25 | (1,161 | ) | N/A | |||||||
(0.25 | ) | 1,161 | N/A | ||||||||
Accounting Treatment
We recognize the funded status of each plan as an asset or liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Differences between actuarial assumptions and actual plan results are deferred and are recognized into earnings only when the accumulated differences exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets, which reduces the volatility of reported pension costs. If necessary, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees.
Due to the various regulatory treatments of the plans, our financial statements reflect the effects of the different rate making principles followed by the jurisdictions regulating us. Pension costs in Montana and other postretirement benefit costs in South Dakota are included in rates on a pay as you go basis for regulatory purposes. Pension costs in South Dakota and other postretirement benefit costs in Montana are included in rates on an accrual basis for regulatory purposes. Regulatory assets have been recognized for the obligations that will be included in future cost of service.
Income Taxes
Judgment and the use of estimates are required in developing the provision for income taxes and reporting of tax-related assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities represent the future effects on income taxes from temporary differences between the bases of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. The probability of realizing deferred tax assets is based on forecasts of future taxable income and the availability of tax planning strategies that can be implemented, if necessary, to realize deferred tax assets. We establish a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all, or a portion of, a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Exposures exist related to various tax filing positions, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and may result in income tax adjustments by taxing authorities. We have reduced deferred tax assets or established liabilities based on our best estimate of future probable adjustments related to these exposures. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate exposures in light of any additional information and make adjustments as necessary to reflect the best estimate of the future outcomes. We currently estimate that as of December 31, 2013, we have approximately $326 million of consolidated NOLs to offset federal taxable income in future years. We believe our deferred tax assets and established liabilities are appropriate for estimated exposures; however, actual results may differ significantly from these estimates.
The interpretation of tax laws involves uncertainty. Ultimate resolution of income tax matters may result in favorable or unfavorable impacts to net income and cash flows and adjustments to tax-related assets and liabilities could be material. The uncertainty and judgment involved in the determination and filing of income taxes is accounted for by prescribing a minimum
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recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. We recognize tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not threshold as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. We have unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $113.5 million as of December 31, 2013. The resolution of tax matters in a particular future period could have a material impact on our provision for income taxes, results of operations and our cash flows.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 herein for a discussion of new accounting standards.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risks, including, but not limited to, interest rates, energy commodity price volatility, and credit exposure. Management has established comprehensive risk management policies and procedures to manage these market risks.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risks include exposure to adverse interest rate movements for outstanding variable rate debt and for future anticipated financings. We manage our interest rate risk by issuing primarily fixed-rate long-term debt with varying maturities, refinancing certain debt and, at times, hedging the interest rate on anticipated borrowings. All of our debt has fixed interest rates, with the exception of our revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility bears interest at the lower of prime or available rates tied to the Eurodollar rate plus a credit spread, ranging from 0.88% to 1.75%. To more cost effectively meet short-term cash requirements, we established a program where we may issue commercial paper; which is supported by our revolving credit facility. Since commercial paper terms are short-term, we are subject to interest rate risk. As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately $141.0 million of commercial paper outstanding and no borrowings on our revolving credit facility. A 1% increase in interest rates would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $1.4 million.
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to commodity price risk due to our reliance on market purchases to fulfill a large portion of our electric and natural gas supply requirements within the Montana market. We also participate in the wholesale electric market to balance our supply of power from our own generating resources, primarily in South Dakota. Several factors influence price levels and volatility. These factors include, but are not limited to, seasonal changes in demand, weather conditions, available generating assets within regions, transportation availability and reliability within and between regions, fuel availability, market liquidity, and the nature and extent of current and potential federal and state regulations.
As part of our overall strategy for fulfilling our electric and natural gas supply requirements, we employ the use of market purchases, including forward purchase and sales contracts. These types of contracts are included in our supply portfolios and in some instances, are used to manage price volatility risk by taking advantage of seasonal fluctuations in market prices. These contracts are part of an overall portfolio approach intended to provide price stability for consumers. As a regulated utility, our exposure to market risk caused by changes in commodity prices is substantially mitigated because these commodity costs are included in our cost tracking mechanisms and are recoverable from customers subject to prudence reviews by applicable state regulatory commissions.
Counterparty Credit Risk
We are exposed to counterparty credit risk related to the ability of our counterparties to meet their contractual payment obligations, and the potential non-performance of counterparties to deliver contracted commodities or services at the contracted price. We are also exposed to counterparty credit risk related to providing transmission service to our customers under our OATT and under gas transportation agreements. We have risk management policies in place to limit our transactions to high quality counterparties. We monitor closely the status of our counterparties and take action, as appropriate, to further manage this risk. This includes, but is not limited to, requiring letters of credit or prepayment terms. There can be no assurance, however, that the management tools we employ will eliminate the risk of loss.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The consolidated financial information, including the reports of independent registered public accounting firm, the quarterly financial information, and the financial statement schedules, required by this Item 8 is set forth on pages F-1 to F-47 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is hereby incorporated into this Item 8 by reference.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We have established disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and accumulated and reported to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During September 2013, we implemented a new customer information system. This implementation has resulted in certain changes to business processes and internal controls impacting financial reporting. There are inherent risks associated with replacing and changing these types of systems, such as delayed and / or inaccurate customer bills, potential disruption of our business, and substantial unplanned costs. Consistent with our expectations, we have experienced billing delays, which resulted in delays in collections of customer receivables during the transition to this new system. We have taken steps to monitor and maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting during this period of system change and will continue to evaluate the operating effectiveness of related controls during subsequent periods.
Other than this system implementation, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting for the three-months ended December 31, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of NorthWestern is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
All internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.
Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992). Based on our evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
Our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting. Their report appears on page F-3.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
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Part III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item with respect to directors and corporate governance will be set forth in NorthWestern Corporation's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference. Information with respect to our Executive Officers is included in Item 1 to this report.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information required by this Item will be set forth in NorthWestern Corporation's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS
Information required by this item will be set forth in NorthWestern Corporation's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference. Information with respect to issuance under equity compensation plans is included in Part II, Item 5 to this report.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information concerning relationships and related transactions of the directors and officers of NorthWestern Corporation and director independence will be set forth in NorthWestern Corporation's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Information concerning fees paid to the principal accountant for each of the last two years is contained in NorthWestern Corporation's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which is incorporated by reference.
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Part IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) | Consolidated Financial Statements. |
The following items are included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K:
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
Page | |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 | |
Consolidated Statements of Common Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |
Quarterly Unaudited Financial Data for the Two Years Ended December 31, 2013 | |
(2) | Financial Statement Schedules |
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | |
Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, is included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
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(3) | Exhibits. |
The exhibits listed below are hereby filed with the SEC, as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain of the following exhibits have been previously filed with the SEC pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such exhibits are identified by the parenthetical references following the listing of each such exhibit and are incorporated by reference. We will furnish a copy of any exhibit upon request, but a reasonable fee may be charged to cover our expenses in furnishing such exhibit.
Exhibit Number | Description of Document | |
1.1 | Equity Distribution Agreement between NorthWestern Corporation and UBS Securities LLC, dated as of April 25, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 25, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
2.1(a) | Second Amended and Restated Plan of Reorganization of NorthWestern Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 20, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
2.1(b) | Order Confirming the Second Amended and Restated Plan of Reorganization of NorthWestern Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 20, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
2.1(c) | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated September 26, 2013, between NorthWestern Corporation and PPL Montana, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 26, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of NorthWestern Corporation, dated November 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 20, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
3.2 | Amended and Restated By-Laws of NorthWestern Corporation, dated October 31, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 31, 2011, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.1(a) | General Mortgage Indenture and Deed of Trust, dated as of August 1, 1993, from NorthWestern Corporation to The Chase Manhattan Bank (National Association), as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 16, 1993, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.1(b) | Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2004, by and between NorthWestern Corporation (formerly known as Northwestern Public Service Company) and JPMorgan Chase Bank (successor by merger to The Chase Manhattan Bank (National Association)), as Trustee under the General Mortgage Indenture and Deed of Trust dated as of August 1, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 1, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.1(c) | Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2008, by and between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York, as trustee under the General Mortgage Indenture and Deed of Trust dated as of August 1, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.1(d) | Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2010, by and between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee under the General Mortgage Indenture and Deed of Trust dated as of August 1, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.1(e) | Thirtieth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 1, 2012, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon and Philip L. Watson, as trustees under the Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated as of October 1, 1945 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 10, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.2(a) | Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2004, between NorthWestern Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 1, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.2(b) | Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of November 1, 2004, by and between NorthWestern Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 1, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.2(c) | Purchase Agreement, dated March 23, 2009, among NorthWestern Corporation and Banc of America Securities LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as representatives of several initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 23, 2009, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
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4.2(d) | Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 1, 2012, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustees under the General Mortgage Indenture and Deed of Trust dated as of August 1, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 10, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.2(e) | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 1, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 19, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.3 | Loan Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2006, between NorthWestern Corporation and the City of Forsyth, Montana, related to the issuance of City of Forsyth Pollution Control Revenue Bonds Series 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3(e) of the Company's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(a) | First Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of October 1, 1945, by The Montana Power Company in favor of Guaranty Trust Company of New York and Arthur E. Burke, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 7(e) of The Montana Power Company's Registration Statement, Commission File No. 002-05927). | |
4.4(b) | Eighteenth Supplemental Indenture to the Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of August 5, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99(b) of The Montana Power Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3, dated December 5, 1994, Commission File No. 033-56739). | |
4.4(c) | Twenty-First Supplemental Indenture to the Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of February 13, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(v) of NorthWestern Energy, LLC's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, Commission File No. 001-31276). | |
4.4(d) | Twenty-Second Supplemental Indenture to the Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of November 15, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 10, 2003, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(e) | Twenty-Third Supplemental Indenture to the Mortgage and Deed of Trust, dated as of February 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 10, 2003, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(f) | Twenty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 1, 2004, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York and MaryBeth Lewicki, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 1, 2004, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(g) | Twenty-Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2006, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York and Ming Ryan, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4(n) of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(h) | Twenty-Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 1, 2006, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York and Ming Ryan, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 13, 2006, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(i) | Twenty-seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2009, among NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly The Bank of New York) and Ming Ryan, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 23, 2009, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(j) | Twenty-eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 1, 2009, by and between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(k) | Twenty-ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2010, among NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon and Ming Ryan, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(l) | Thirtieth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 1, 2012, between NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon and Philip L. Watson, as trustees under the Mortgage and Deed of Trust dated as of October 1, 1945 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 10, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
4.4(m) | Thirty-first Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 1, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon and Phillip L. Watson, as trustees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 19, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(a) † | NorthWestern Corporation 2008 Key Employee Severance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 2, 2008, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
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10.1(b) † | NorthWestern Corporation 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended April 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of NorthWestern Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(c) † | NorthWestern Corporation 2009 Officers Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended April 21, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of NorthWestern Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(d) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Long-Term Performance Incentive Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 10, 2011, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(e) † | NorthWestern Corporation 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended April 8, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of NorthWestern Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(f) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Executive Retirement/Retention Program Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 5, 2011, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(g) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Performance Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 21, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(h) † | NorthWestern Energy 2013 Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.01 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 12, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(i) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Executive Retirement/Retention Program Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 12, 2012, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(j) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Long-Term Performance Incentive Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 13, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(k) † | NorthWestern Energy 2014 Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.01 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 10, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.1(l) † | Form of NorthWestern Corporation Executive Retirement/Retention Program Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.02 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 10, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(a) | Purchase Agreement, dated September 6, 2006, among NorthWestern Corporation and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as representatives of several initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 13, 2006, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(b) | Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2007, between NorthWestern Corporation and Mellon Leasing Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 13, 2007, Commission File No.1-10499). | |
10.2(c) | Purchase Agreement, dated October 30, 2007, between NorthWestern Corporation and SGE (New York) Associates (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated October 30, 2007, Commission File No.1-10499). | |
10.2(d) | Bond Purchase Agreement, dated May 1, 2008, between NorthWestern Corporation and initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(e) | Purchase Agreement, dated March 23, 2009, among NorthWestern Corporation and Banc of America Securities LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as representatives of several initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 23, 2009, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(f) | Purchase Agreement, dated September 30, 2009, among NorthWestern Corporation and the initial purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K, dated December 31, 2009, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(g) | Purchase Agreement, dated April 26, 2010, among NorthWestern Corporation and the purchasers named therein to the issuance of $161,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 26, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(h) | Purchase Agreement, dated April 26, 2010, among NorthWestern Corporation and the purchasers relating to the issuance of $64,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 26, 2010, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
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10.2(i) | Commercial Paper Dealer Agreement between NorthWestern Corporation and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, dated as of February 3, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 8, 2011, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(j) | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated November 5, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation, as borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the agreement, as lenders, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, and J.P. Morgan Securities L.L.C. as joint lead arrangers; Credit Suisse AG and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as co-syndication agents; Keybank National Association, Union Bank, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association, as co-documentation agents; and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 8, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(k) | Senior Bridge Credit Agreement, dated November 12, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation, as the borrower, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time parties to the agreement, Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as joint lead arrangers; Bank of America, N.A., as Syndication Agent; J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Documentation Agent; and Credit Suisse, A.G, as Administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated November 18, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(l) | Purchase Agreement, dated December 19, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation and the purchasers named therein to the issuance of $35,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 3.99% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028 and $15,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2043 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 19, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
10.2(m) | Purchase Agreement, dated December 19, 2013, among NorthWestern Corporation and the purchasers named therein to the issuance of $50,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2043 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of NorthWestern Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 19, 2013, Commission File No. 1-10499). | |
12.1* | Statement Regarding Computation of Earnings to Fixed Charges. | |
21* | Subsidiaries of NorthWestern Corporation. | |
23.1* | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
24* | Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K) | |
31.1* | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2* | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1* | Certification of Robert C. Rowe pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2* | Certification of Brian B. Bird pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document | |
101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document | |
101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* Filed herewith.
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable, and, therefore, have been omitted.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION | |||
February 19, 2014 | By: | /s/ ROBERT C. ROWE | |
Robert C. Rowe | |||
President and Chief Executive Officer | |||
63
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned directors and/or officers of NorthWestern Corporation, hereby severally constitute and appoint Robert C. Rowe and Kendall G. Kliewer, and each of them with full power to act alone, our true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution and revocation, for each of us and in our name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file or cause to be filed the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and hereby grant unto such attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, the full power and authority to do each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the foregoing, as fully to all intents and purposes as each of us might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their respective substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ E. LINN DRAPER JR. | Chairman of the Board | February 19, 2014 | ||
E. Linn Draper Jr. | ||||
/s/ ROBERT C. ROWE | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | February 19, 2014 | ||
Robert C. Rowe | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ BRIAN B. BIRD | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | February 19, 2014 | ||
Brian B. Bird | (Principal Financial Officer) | |||
/s/ KENDALL G. KLIEWER | Vice President and Controller | February 19, 2014 | ||
Kendall G. Kliewer | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
/s/ STEPHEN P. ADIK | Director | February 19, 2014 | ||
Stephen P. Adik | ||||
/s/ DOROTHY M. BRADLEY | Director | February 19, 2014 | ||
Dorothy M. Bradley | ||||
/s/ DANA J. DYKHOUSE | Director | February 19, 2014 | ||
Dana J. Dykhouse | ||||
Director | ||||
Julia L. Johnson | ||||
Director | ||||
Philip L. Maslowe | ||||
/s/ DENTON LOUIS PEOPLES | Director | February 19, 2014 | ||
Denton Louis Peoples | ||||
64
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Page | |
Financial Statements | |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 | |
Consolidated statements of common shareholders' equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 | |
Notes to consolidated financial statements | |
Financial Statement Schedules | |
Schedule II. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of NorthWestern Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NorthWestern Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, common shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the NorthWestern Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 18, 2014, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | |
Minneapolis, Minnesota | |
February 18, 2014 | |
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of NorthWestern Corporation:
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of NorthWestern Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying “Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 of the Company and our report dated February 18, 2014, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | |
Minneapolis, Minnesota | |
February 18, 2014 | |
F-3
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Electric | $ | 865,239 | $ | 805,554 | $ | 797,562 | |||||
Gas | 287,605 | 263,394 | 318,335 | ||||||||
Other | 1,675 | 1,394 | 1,419 | ||||||||
Total Revenues | 1,154,519 | 1,070,342 | 1,117,316 | ||||||||
Operating Expenses | |||||||||||
Cost of sales | 479,546 | 395,434 | 494,559 | ||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | 285,569 | 269,966 | 267,160 | ||||||||
Mountain States Transmission Intertie impairment | — | 24,039 | — | ||||||||
Property and other taxes | 105,540 | 97,674 | 89,122 | ||||||||
Depreciation | 112,831 | 106,044 | 100,926 | ||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 983,486 | 893,157 | 951,767 | ||||||||
Operating Income | 171,033 | 177,185 | 165,549 | ||||||||
Interest Expense | (70,486 | ) | (65,062 | ) | (66,859 | ) | |||||
Other Income | 7,737 | 4,372 | 3,931 | ||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | 108,284 | 116,495 | 102,621 | ||||||||
Income Tax Expense | (14,301 | ) | (18,089 | ) | (10,065 | ) | |||||
Net Income | $ | 93,983 | $ | 98,406 | $ | 92,556 | |||||
Average Common Shares Outstanding | 38,145 | 36,847 | 36,258 | ||||||||
Basic Earnings per Average Common Share | $ | 2.46 | $ | 2.67 | $ | 2.55 | |||||
Diluted Earnings per Average Common Share | $ | 2.46 | $ | 2.66 | $ | 2.53 | |||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-4
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Net Income | $ | 93,983 | $ | 98,406 | $ | 92,556 | |||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: | |||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on derivative instruments | (730 | ) | (732 | ) | (730 | ) | |||||
Reclassification of deferred tax liability on net gains on derivative instruments | — | — | (3,572 | ) | |||||||
Postretirement medical liability adjustment | 963 | (553 | ) | (581 | ) | ||||||
Foreign currency translation | 166 | (54 | ) | 25 | |||||||
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 399 | (1,339 | ) | (4,858 | ) | ||||||
Comprehensive Income | $ | 94,382 | $ | 97,067 | $ | 87,698 | |||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-5
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Net Income | $ | 93,983 | $ | 98,406 | $ | 92,556 | |||||
Items not affecting cash: | |||||||||||
Depreciation | 112,831 | 106,044 | 100,926 | ||||||||
Amortization of debt issue costs, discount and deferred hedge gain | 2,039 | 369 | 1,032 | ||||||||
Amortization of nonvested shares | 2,404 | 2,759 | 2,133 | ||||||||
Equity portion of allowance for funds used during construction | (5,050 | ) | (4,846 | ) | (1,877 | ) | |||||
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets | (721 | ) | (332 | ) | 811 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 54,617 | 51,890 | 64,065 | ||||||||
Mountain States Transmission Intertie impairment | — | 24,039 | — | ||||||||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | — | (47,894 | ) | — | |||||||
Changes in current assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
Restricted cash | (196 | ) | 6,016 | 146 | |||||||
Accounts receivable | (30,792 | ) | 3,456 | (3,847 | ) | ||||||
Inventories | 181 | 5,371 | (8,831 | ) | |||||||
Other current assets | (2,940 | ) | (1,856 | ) | (3,551 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable | 6,235 | 10,976 | (1,928 | ) | |||||||
Accrued expenses | 1,949 | 14,149 | 1,883 | ||||||||
Regulatory assets | (2,846 | ) | (6,285 | ) | 1,684 | ||||||
Regulatory liabilities | (2,019 | ) | 15,241 | 16,020 | |||||||
Other noncurrent assets | (43,714 | ) | (27,362 | ) | (30,048 | ) | |||||
Other noncurrent liabilities | 7,755 | 1,052 | 2,583 | ||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities | 193,716 | 251,193 | 233,757 | ||||||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Property, plant, and equipment additions | (230,454 | ) | (219,234 | ) | (188,730 | ) | |||||
Asset acquisitions | (68,666 | ) | (103,241 | ) | — | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of assets | 3,766 | 262 | 209 | ||||||||
Cash used in investing activities | (295,354 | ) | (322,213 | ) | (188,521 | ) | |||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||||||||||
Dividends on common stock | (57,684 | ) | (54,246 | ) | (51,909 | ) | |||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 56,825 | 28,477 | — | ||||||||
Issuance of long-term debt | 100,000 | 150,000 | — | ||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | (149 | ) | (3,945 | ) | (6,589 | ) | |||||
Line of credit borrowings | — | — | 80,000 | ||||||||
Line of credit repayments | — | — | (233,000 | ) | |||||||
Issuances (repayments) of short-term borrowings, net | 18,016 | (44,000 | ) | 166,934 | |||||||
Treasury stock activity | (1,042 | ) | (429 | ) | 153 | ||||||
Financing costs | (7,593 | ) | (943 | ) | (1,131 | ) | |||||
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 108,373 | 74,914 | (45,542 | ) | |||||||
Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 6,735 | 3,894 | (306 | ) | |||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, beginning of period | 9,822 | 5,928 | 6,234 | ||||||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, end of period | $ | 16,557 | $ | 9,822 | $ | 5,928 | |||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-6
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current Assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 16,557 | $ | 9,822 | |||
Restricted cash | 6,896 | 6,700 | |||||
Accounts receivable, net | 174,913 | 143,695 | |||||
Inventories | 55,609 | 54,161 | |||||
Regulatory assets | 37,719 | 40,301 | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 14,301 | 37,143 | |||||
Other | 14,961 | 11,306 | |||||
Total current assets | 320,956 | 303,128 | |||||
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 2,690,128 | 2,435,590 | |||||
Goodwill | 355,128 | 355,128 | |||||
Regulatory assets | 316,952 | 367,890 | |||||
Other noncurrent assets | 32,096 | 23,797 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 3,715,260 | $ | 3,485,533 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | |||||||
Current Liabilities: | |||||||
Current maturities of capital leases | $ | 1,662 | $ | 1,612 | |||
Short-term borrowings | 140,950 | 122,934 | |||||
Accounts payable | 92,957 | 83,746 | |||||
Accrued expenses | 181,613 | 192,548 | |||||
Regulatory liabilities | 46,406 | 48,425 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 463,588 | 449,265 | |||||
Long-term capital leases | 29,895 | 31,562 | |||||
Long-term debt | 1,155,097 | 1,055,074 | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 395,333 | 363,928 | |||||
Noncurrent regulatory liabilities | 348,053 | 276,618 | |||||
Other noncurrent liabilities | 292,624 | 375,054 | |||||
Total liabilities | 2,684,590 | 2,551,501 | |||||
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 20) | |||||||
Shareholders' Equity: | |||||||
Common stock, par value $0.01; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 42,340,173 and 38,745,624, respectively; Preferred stock, par value $0.01; authorized 50,000,000 shares; none issued | 423 | 408 | |||||
Treasury stock at cost | (91,744 | ) | (90,702 | ) | |||
Paid-in capital | 910,184 | 849,218 | |||||
Retained earnings | 209,091 | 172,791 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,716 | 2,317 | |||||
Total shareholders' equity | 1,030,670 | 934,032 | |||||
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 3,715,260 | $ | 3,485,533 | |||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-7
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except per share data)
Number of Common Shares | Number of Treasury Shares | Common Stock | Paid in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Total Shareholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 | 39,799 | 3,570 | $ | 398 | $ | 813,878 | $ | (90,427 | ) | $ | 87,984 | $ | 8,514 | $ | 820,347 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 92,556 | $ | — | 92,556 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 25 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on derivative instruments from OCI to net income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (730 | ) | (730 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of deferred tax liability on net gains on derivative instruments | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3,572 | ) | (3,572 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension and postretirement medical liability adjustment, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (581 | ) | (581 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Stock based compensation | 42 | 3 | — | 2,762 | (93 | ) | — | — | 2,669 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares | — | (10 | ) | — | 60 | 247 | — | — | 307 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock ($1.44 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (51,909 | ) | — | (51,909 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 39,841 | 3,563 | $ | 398 | $ | 816,700 | $ | (90,273 | ) | $ | 128,631 | $ | 3,656 | $ | 859,112 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 98,406 | — | 98,406 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | (54 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on derivative instruments from OCI to net income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (732 | ) | (732 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension and postretirement medical liability adjustment, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (553 | ) | (553 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Stock based compensation | 136 | 22 | 1 | 3,925 | (793 | ) | — | — | 3,133 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares | 815 | (14 | ) | 9 | 28,593 | 364 | — | — | 28,966 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock ($1.48 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (54,246 | ) | — | (54,246 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | 40,792 | 3,571 | $ | 408 | $ | 849,218 | $ | (90,702 | ) | $ | 172,791 | $ | 2,317 | $ | 934,032 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 93,983 | — | 93,983 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 166 | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on derivative instruments from OCI to net income, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | (730 | ) | (730 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Pension and postretirement medical liability adjustment, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | 963 | 963 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock based compensation | 167 | 35 | 1 | 3,987 | (1,325 | ) | — | — | 2,663 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares | 1,381 | (11 | ) | 14 | 56,979 | 283 | — | — | 57,276 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock ($1.52 per share) | — | — | — | — | — | (57,683 | ) | — | (57,683 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2013 | 42,340 | 3,595 | $ | 423 | $ | 910,184 | $ | (91,744 | ) | $ | 209,091 | $ | 2,716 | $ | 1,030,670 | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
F-8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Nature of Operations and Basis of Consolidation
NorthWestern Corporation, doing business as NorthWestern Energy, provides electricity and natural gas to approximately 678,200 customers in Montana, South Dakota and Nebraska. We have generated and distributed electricity in South Dakota and distributed natural gas in South Dakota and Nebraska since 1923 and have generated and distributed electricity and distributed natural gas in Montana since 2002.
The Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods included herein have been prepared by NorthWestern Corporation (NorthWestern, we or us), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts together with those of our wholly and majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the Consolidated Financial Statements. Events occurring subsequent to December 31, 2013, have been evaluated as to their potential impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements through the date of issuance.
Variable Interest Entities
A reporting company is required to consolidate a variable interest entity (VIE) as its primary beneficiary, which means it has a controlling financial interest, when it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. An entity is considered to be a VIE when its total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or its equity investors, as a group, lack the characteristics of having a controlling financial interest. The determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, an entity's purpose and design and a company's ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance.
Certain long-term purchase power and tolling contracts may be considered variable interests. We have various long-term purchase power contracts with other utilities and certain QF plants. We identified one QF contract that may constitute a VIE. We entered into a power purchase contract in 1984 with this 35 MW coal-fired QF to purchase substantially all of the facility's capacity and electrical output over a substantial portion of its estimated useful life. We absorb a portion of the facility's variability through annual changes to the price we pay per MWH (energy payment). After making exhaustive efforts, we have been unable to obtain the information from the facility necessary to determine whether the facility is a VIE or whether we are the primary beneficiary of the facility. The contract with the facility contains no provision which legally obligates the facility to release this information. We have accounted for this QF contract as an executory contract. Based on the current contract terms with this QF, our estimated gross contractual payments aggregate approximately $286.2 million through 2024. For further discussion of our gross QF liability, see Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 purchases from this QF were approximately $23.8 million, $21.0 million, and $18.4 million, respectively.
(2) Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for such items as long-lived asset values and impairment charges, long-lived asset useful lives, tax provisions, asset retirement obligations, uncollectible accounts, our QF liability, environmental costs, unbilled revenues and actuarially determined benefit costs. We revise the recorded estimates when we receive better information or when we can determine actual amounts. Those revisions can affect operating results.
F-9
Revenue Recognition
Customers are billed monthly on a cycle basis. To match revenues with associated expenses, we accrue unbilled revenues for electrical and natural gas services delivered to customers, but not yet billed at month-end.
Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash consists primarily of funds held in trust accounts to satisfy the requirements of certain stipulation agreements and insurance reserve requirements.
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable are net of allowances for uncollectible accounts of $4.5 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Receivables include unbilled revenues of $74.3 million and $71.4 million at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at average cost. Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Materials and supplies | $ | 28,263 | $ | 25,094 | |||
Storage gas and fuel | 27,346 | 29,067 | |||||
$ | 55,609 | $ | 54,161 | ||||
Regulation of Utility Operations
Our regulated operations are subject to the provisions of ASC 980, Regulated Operations (ASC 980). Regulated accounting is appropriate provided that (i) rates are established by or subject to approval by independent, third-party regulators, (ii) rates are designed to recover the specific enterprise's cost of service, and (iii) in view of demand for service, it is reasonable to assume that rates are set at levels that will recover costs and can be charged to and collected from customers.
Our Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the effects of the different rate making principles followed by the jurisdictions regulating us. The economic effects of regulation can result in regulated companies recording costs that have been, or are expected to be, allowed in the ratemaking process in a period different from the period in which the costs would be charged to expense by an unregulated enterprise. When this occurs, costs are deferred as regulatory assets and recorded as expenses in the periods when those same amounts are reflected in rates. Additionally, regulators can impose liabilities upon a regulated company for amounts previously collected from customers and for amounts that are expected to be refunded to customers (regulatory liabilities).
If we were required to terminate the application of these provisions to our regulated operations, all such deferred amounts would be recognized in the Consolidated Income Statements at that time. This would result in a charge to earnings, net of applicable income taxes, which could be material. In addition, we would determine any impairment to the carrying costs of deregulated plant and inventory assets.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We account for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. All derivatives are recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value unless they qualify for certain exceptions, including the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Additionally, derivatives that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting are classified as either hedges of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair-value
F-10
hedge) or hedges of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash-flow hedge). For fair-value hedges, changes in fair values for both the derivative and the underlying hedged exposure are recognized in earnings each period. For cash-flow hedges, the portion of the derivative gain or loss that is effective in offsetting the change in the cost or value of the underlying exposure is deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and later reclassified into earnings when the underlying transaction occurs. Gains and losses from the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized in earnings immediately. For other derivative contracts that do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recognized in earnings each period. Cash inflows and outflows related to derivative instruments are included as a component of operating, investing or financing cash flows in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, depending on the underlying nature of the hedged items.
Revenues and expenses on contracts that qualify are designated as normal purchases and normal sales and are recognized when the underlying physical transaction is completed. While these contracts are considered derivative financial instruments, they are not required to be recorded at fair value, but on an accrual basis of accounting. Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts where physical delivery is probable, quantities are expected to be used or sold in the normal course of business over a reasonable period of time, and price is not tied to an unrelated underlying derivative. As part of our regulated electric and gas operations, we enter into contracts to buy and sell energy to meet the requirements of our customers. These contracts include short-term and long-term commitments to purchase and sell energy in the retail and wholesale markets with the intent and ability to deliver or take delivery. If it were determined that a transaction designated as a normal purchase or a normal sale no longer met the exceptions, the fair value of the related contract would be reflected as an asset or liability and immediately recognized through earnings. See Note 9, Risk Management and Hedging Activities for further discussion of our derivative activity.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost, including contracted services, direct labor and material, AFUDC, and indirect charges for engineering, supervision and similar overhead items. All expenditures for maintenance and repairs of utility property, plant and equipment are charged to the appropriate maintenance expense accounts. A betterment or replacement of a unit of property is accounted for as an addition and retirement of utility plant. At the time of such a retirement, the accumulated provision for depreciation is charged with the original cost of the property retired and also for the net cost of removal. Also included in plant and equipment are assets under capital lease, which are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments.
AFUDC represents the cost of financing construction projects with borrowed funds and equity funds. While cash is not realized currently from such allowance, it is realized under the ratemaking process over the service life of the related property through increased revenues resulting from a higher rate base and higher depreciation expense. The component of AFUDC attributable to borrowed funds is included as a reduction to interest expense, while the equity component is included in other income. We determine the rate used to compute AFUDC in accordance with a formula established by the FERC. This rate averaged 8.1%, 8.0%, and 7.9%, for Montana for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, and 8.1%, 8.0%, and 7.8% for South Dakota for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. AFUDC capitalized totaled $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 for Montana and South Dakota combined.
We may require contributions in aid of construction from customers when we extend service. Amounts used from these contributions to fund capital additions were $6.3 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
We record provisions for depreciation at amounts substantially equivalent to calculations made on a straight-line method by applying various rates based on useful lives of the various classes of properties (ranging from three to 40 years) determined from engineering studies. As a percentage of the depreciable utility plant at the beginning of the year, our provision for depreciation of utility plant was approximately 3.2%, 3.3%, and 3.3% for 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. During the second quarter of 2013, we implemented revised depreciation rates to reflect the results of new depreciation studies, which reflect longer asset lives on our electric and natural gas assets in Montana, and electric assets in South Dakota.
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Depreciation rates include a provision for our share of the estimated costs to decommission three coal-fired generating plants at the end of the useful life of each plant. The annual provision for such costs is included in depreciation expense, while the accumulated provisions are included in noncurrent regulatory liabilities.
Other Noncurrent Liabilities
Other noncurrent liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Pension and other employee benefits | $ | 57,140 | $ | 148,384 | |||
Future QF obligation, net | 136,448 | 136,652 | |||||
Environmental | 28,194 | 30,189 | |||||
Customer advances | 27,371 | 34,681 | |||||
Other | 43,471 | 25,148 | |||||
$ | 292,624 | $ | 375,054 | ||||
Insurance Subsidiary
Risk Partners Assurance, Ltd (Risk Partners) is a wholly owned non-United States insurance subsidiary established in 2001 to insure a portion of our workers' compensation, general liability and automobile liability risks. New policies have not been underwritten through this subsidiary since 2004. Claims that were incurred during that time period continue to be paid and managed by Risk Partners. Reserve requirements are established based on actuarial projections of ultimate losses. Any losses estimated to be paid within one year from the balance sheet date are classified as accrued expenses, while losses expected to be payable in later periods are included in other long-term liabilities. Risk Partners has purchased reinsurance policies through a third-party reinsurance company to transfer a portion of the insurance risk. Restricted cash held by this subsidiary was $2.7 million and $3.8 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Income Taxes
Exposures exist related to various tax filing positions, which may require an extended period of time to resolve and may result in income tax adjustments by taxing authorities. We have reduced deferred tax assets or established liabilities based on our best estimate of future probable adjustments related to these exposures. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate exposures in light of any additional information and make adjustments as necessary to reflect the best estimate of the future outcomes. We believe our deferred tax assets and established liabilities are appropriate for estimated exposures; however, actual results may differ from these estimates. The resolution of tax matters in a particular future period could have a material impact on our Consolidated Income Statements and provision for income taxes.
Environmental Costs
We record environmental costs when it is probable we are liable for the costs and we can reasonably estimate the liability. We may defer costs as a regulatory asset if there is precedent for recovering similar costs from customers in rates. Otherwise, we expense the costs. If an environmental cost is related to facilities we currently use, such as pollution control equipment, then we may capitalize and depreciate the costs over the remaining life of the asset, assuming the costs are recoverable in future rates or future cash flows.
Our remediation cost estimates are based on the use of an environmental consultant, our experience, our assessment of the current situation and the technology currently available for use in the remediation. We regularly adjust the recorded costs as we revise estimates and as remediation proceeds. If we are one of several designated responsible parties, then we estimate and record only our share of the cost.
Accounting Standards Issued
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance for the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits when a net operating loss carryforward or other tax credit carryforwards exist at the reporting date. If such a carryforward exists, the guidance generally requires an unrecognized tax benefit to be presented as a decrease in a deferred tax asset. Our current practice is consistent with this guidance.
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Accounting Standards Adopted
In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance that requires disclosure of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. Significant amounts are required to be presented by the respective line items of net income or should be cross-referenced to other disclosures. These disclosures may be presented on the income statement or in the notes to the financial statements. We adopted this standard during the first quarter of 2013 and have included the required disclosures in Note 14 - Comprehensive Income (Loss). The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on our financial statement disclosures.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Cash paid (received) for: | |||||||||||
Income taxes | $ | 50 | $ | 2,944 | $ | (1,219 | ) | ||||
Interest | 57,789 | 51,271 | 52,328 | ||||||||
Significant non-cash transactions: | |||||||||||
Capital expenditures included in trade accounts payable | 12,025 | 13,136 | 10,910 | ||||||||
(3) Acquisitions and Significant Events
Hydro Transaction
On September 26, 2013, we entered into an agreement with PPL Montana, LLC (PPL Montana), a wholly owned subsidiary of PPL Corporation, to purchase PPL Montana's hydro-electric generating facilities and associated assets located in Montana, which includes approximately 633 megawatts of hydro-electric generation capacity, for a purchase price of $900 million (Hydro Transaction). The purchase price will be subject to a number of adjustments, including the proration of operating expenses, the performance of planned capital expenditures, and the termination of certain power purchase agreements.
The Hydro Transaction includes the Kerr Project, a 194 megawatt hydro-electric generating facility. The FERC license for the Kerr Project provides the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (CSKT) an option to acquire the facility between September 2015 and September 2025. We believe CSKT will exercise their option and acquire the Kerr Project in September 2015. PPL Montana and CSKT are currently involved in arbitration over the conveyance price of the Kerr Project. Under our agreement with PPL Montana, the $900 million purchase price includes a $30 million reference price to the Kerr Project. If CSKT exercises their option and ultimately pays more than $30 million for the Kerr Project, we will pay the difference to PPL Montana. If CSKT pays less than $30 million for the Kerr Project, PPL Montana will pay the difference to us.
Completion of the Hydro Transaction is subject to customary conditions and approvals, including approval from the FERC, the MPSC, other appropriate state and federal agencies and as required by the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act. In December 2013, we submitted an application with the MPSC to acquire these assets, and in January 2014, we submitted three applications with the FERC concerning the Hydro Transaction. For further information on these filings see Note 4 - Regulatory Matters. Either party may terminate the agreement if the closing does not occur by September 26, 2014; however, this date will be extended for an additional six months if any governmental approval is still pending. Assuming receipt of reasonably satisfactory regulatory approvals, we expect the Hydro Transaction to close in the second half of 2014.
The permanent financing for the Hydro Transaction is anticipated to be a combination of long-term debt, new equity issuance and cash flows from operations. The Hydro Transaction is supported by a fully committed $900 million 364-day senior bridge credit facility (see Note 11 - Short-Term Borrowings and Credit Arrangements).
During 2013, we incurred approximately $4.4 million of legal and professional fees associated with the Hydro Transaction and approximately $1.9 million of expenses related to the bridge credit facility.
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If the acquisition is completed during the second half of 2014, we expect to sell any excess generation in the market and provide revenue credits to our Montana retail customers until CSKT exercises their option to acquire the Kerr Project. If CSKT exercises their option to acquire the Kerr Project in September 2015, we will own approximately 60 percent of our average electric load serving requirements in Montana.
Natural Gas Production Assets
In December 2013, we completed the purchase of additional natural gas production interests in northern Montana's Bear Paw Basin for approximately $68.7 million net of cash acquired, subject to post-closing purchase price adjustments. This purchase includes an interest in the Havre Pipeline Company, LLC (Havre Pipeline), which represents approximately $6 million of pipeline assets. As of December 31, 2013, the amount of net proven developed producing reserves associated with the acquisition was estimated to be 57.5 billion cubic feet. We estimate the current annual production associated with this acquisition to be approximately 24 percent of our total annual natural gas load in Montana, which increases our total owned production to approximately 32 percent.
MSTI Impairment
The MSTI line was a proposed 500 kV transmission project from southwestern Montana to southeastern Idaho with a potential capacity of 1,500 MW. On October 2, 2012, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) notified us that it had ranked other options ahead of MSTI to serve BPA's southern Idaho loads. This notification was in conjunction with the January 2012 Memorandum of Understanding between NorthWestern and BPA agreeing to explore the potential for MSTI to accommodate BPA's needs. Based on BPA's decision, continued market uncertainty, and permitting issues causing timeline delays, we determined that we would not further pursue development of MSTI at that time. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of approximately $24.0 million in the Consolidated Income Statements during the third quarter of 2012, which was substantially all of the capitalized preliminary survey and investigative costs related to MSTI. During the first quarter of 2014, we withdrew various pending applications related to the siting and development of MSTI.
Colstrip Energy Limited Partnership
CELP is a QF with which we have a power purchase agreement (PPA) for approximately 306,600 MWH's annually through June 2024. Under the terms of the PPA with CELP, energy and capacity rates were fixed for the first fifteen years and beginning July 1, 2004, through the end of the contract, energy and capacity rates are to be determined each year pursuant to a formula, subject to annual review and approval by the MPSC. CELP filed a complaint against us and the MPSC in Montana district court in 2007, which contested the MPSC's orders.
On November 1, 2012, an arbitration panel issued a final award in our favor. The final award confirmed that the rate methodology used by us for calculating the rates for the July 1, 2006 to July 1, 2011 period was consistent with the PPA and a previous final award issued by the same arbitration panel on October 30, 2009. Based on the clarity provided by the final award regarding the rate calculation for 2006 through the remainder of the PPA, we updated the calculation of our QF liability and recorded a pre-tax gain of $47.9 million within cost of sales in the Consolidated Income Statements during the fourth quarter of 2012. In April 2013, the MPSC issued a final order consistent with the arbitration panel's final award for the contract years July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2013.
(4) Regulatory Matters
Hydro Transaction
In December 2013, we submitted a filing with the MPSC requesting approval of the Hydro Transaction. The filing initiates the formal regulatory process necessary to complete the previously announced $900 million agreement, and includes a request to include the hydro assets in rate base and to issue the securities necessary to complete the purchase. The request is based on a return on equity of 10.0%, a capital structure of 52% debt and 48% equity, and an estimated rate base of $866 million. The MPSC has established a procedural schedule and we expect the MPSC to issue a decision during the second half of 2014.
In January 2014, we made three separate applications with the FERC necessary for the Hydro Transaction, respectively seeking (1) approval of the asset transfer itself, (2) authorization to continue making wholesale power sales at market-based rates after the transaction and (3) approval to transfer the four associated FERC hydroelectric licenses. We anticipate that FERC will act before the June 30, 2014, requested action date for the first two applications. On January 17, 2014, the CSKT protested the third application to transfer the FERC hydro licenses on procedural grounds and asked FERC to reject the application with
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respect to the Kerr Project. PPL Montana responded to the CSKT’s motion on January 27, 2014, but FERC has yet to rule. We requested FERC action on this third application by April 30, 2014.
Dave Gates Generating Station at Mill Creek (DGGS)
As a result of a FERC ALJ nonbinding decision issued in September 2012, we have cumulative deferred revenue of approximately $24.5 million, which is subject to refund and recorded within current regulatory liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The ALJ concluded we should allocate only a fraction of the costs we believe (based on past practice) should be allocated to FERC jurisdictional customers. The matter has been fully briefed before the FERC.
We do not know when the FERC will consider the matter and issue its decision. The FERC is not obligated to follow any of the ALJ's findings and conclusions, and the FERC can accept or reject the decision in whole or in part. If the FERC upholds the ALJ's decision and a portion of the costs are effectively disallowed, we would be required to assess DGGS for impairment. If we disagree with a decision issued by the FERC, we may pursue full appellate rights through rehearing and appeal to a United States Circuit Court of Appeals, which could extend into 2015 or beyond. We continue to bill FERC jurisdictional customers interim rates that have been in effect since January 1, 2011. These interim rates are subject to refund plus interest pending final resolution at FERC.
Montana Electric and Natural Gas Tracker Filings
Each year we submit electric and natural gas tracker filings for recovery of supply costs for the 12-month period ended
June 30 and for the projected supply costs for the next 12-month period. The MPSC reviews such filings and makes its cost recovery determination based on whether or not our electric and natural gas supply procurement activities were prudent.
In its April 2012 electric supply tracker order for the 2010/2011 tracker period, the MPSC had authorized us to include forecasted DSM lost revenues in future tracker filings. We had not recognized the entire forecasted amount for tracker periods since 2010/2011 as we were required to provide the MPSC with a detailed independent study supporting our requested DSM lost revenues.
During October 2013, the MPSC approved an order related to our 2012 electric supply tracker filing (covering July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012), which includes a decision on a review of an independent study related to our request for DSM lost revenues, addresses future DSM lost revenue recovery, and includes a decision on DGGS related incremental contract costs included in the 2012 filing. Based on the MPSC's October 2013 decision we recognized revenue of approximately $3.8 million related to prior periods (including $1.9 million related to calendar year 2012) that we had previously deferred pending outcome of the review of the study results.
The order also includes a provision expressing concern with the policy of continuing to allow DSM lost revenue recovery, indicating that we bear the burden of demonstrating why any incremental DSM lost revenue recovery from the date of its order forward is reasonable and in the public interest. As of December 31, 2013, we have recognized approximately $7.1 million of DSM lost revenues for the 2012/ 2013 tracker period and approximately $3.6 million for the 2013/2014 tracker period. Based on the MPSC's order, we expect to be able to collect at least $7.1 million of DSM lost revenues for each annual tracker period; however, since the 2012/2013 annual tracker filing is still subject to final approval, the MPSC may ultimately require us to refund a portion of the DSM lost revenues we have recognized since July 2012. We do not expect the MPSC to issue a final order related to 2012/2013 DSM lost revenues until at least the first quarter of 2014.
Last, the MPSC indicated that $1.4 million of incremental costs associated with regulation service acquired from third parties during a 2012 outage at DGGS were imprudently incurred, and disallowed recovery.
While we recognized revenues and expenses consistent with the MPSC order, we appealed the MPSC's decision to the District Court in Montana in December 2013.
Natural Gas Production Assets
We purchased additional natural gas production interests in northern Montana's Bear Paw Basin during 2013 and 2012. We are collecting the cost of service for natural gas produced from these assets, including a return on our investment, through our natural gas supply tracker on an interim basis. As a result, we do not expect to file an application with the MPSC to place these assets in natural gas rate base until our next natural gas rate case. We are recognizing Bear Paw related revenue based on the precedent established by the MPSC's approval of Battle Creek in the fourth quarter of 2012. Since acquisition, we have recognized approximately $7.0 million of revenue that is subject to refund.
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(5) Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with the provisions of ASC 980, as discussed in Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies. Pursuant to this guidance, certain expenses and credits, normally reflected in income as incurred, are deferred and recognized when included in rates and recovered from or refunded to the customers. Regulatory assets and liabilities are recorded based on management's assessment that it is probable that a cost will be recovered or that an obligation has been incurred. Accordingly, we have recorded the following major classifications of regulatory assets and liabilities that will be recognized in expenses and revenues in future periods when the matching revenues are collected or refunded. Of these regulatory assets and liabilities, energy supply costs are the only items earning a rate of return. The remaining regulatory items have corresponding assets and liabilities that will be paid for or refunded in future periods. Because these costs are recovered as paid, they do not earn a return. We have specific orders to cover approximately 97% of our regulatory assets and 93% of our regulatory liabilities.
Note Reference | Remaining Amortization Period | December 31, | ||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Pension | 16 | Undetermined | $ | 58,474 | $ | 143,672 | ||||||
Employee related benefits | 16 | Undetermined | 17,700 | 20,911 | ||||||||
Distribution infrastructure projects | 4 Years | 12,543 | 15,679 | |||||||||
Environmental clean-up | 20 | Various | 14,924 | 16,497 | ||||||||
Supply costs | 1 Year | 17,875 | 11,788 | |||||||||
Energy supply derivatives | 9 | 1 Year | — | 5,428 | ||||||||
Income taxes | 13 | Plant Lives | 201,808 | 162,154 | ||||||||
Deferred financing costs | Various | 13,919 | 13,944 | |||||||||
State & local taxes & fees | Various | 6,582 | 8,337 | |||||||||
Other | — | Various | 10,846 | 9,781 | ||||||||
Total regulatory assets | $ | 354,671 | $ | 408,191 | ||||||||
Removal cost | 7 | Various | $ | 336,613 | $ | 264,486 | ||||||
Gas storage sales | 26 Years | 10,831 | 11,251 | |||||||||
Supply costs | 1 Year | 11,493 | 17,591 | |||||||||
Deferred revenue | 4 | 1 Year | 33,400 | 26,259 | ||||||||
Environmental clean-up | Various | 1,194 | 1,395 | |||||||||
State & local taxes & fees | 1 Year | 551 | 537 | |||||||||
Other | Various | 377 | 3,524 | |||||||||
Total regulatory liabilities | $ | 394,459 | $ | 325,043 | ||||||||
Pension and Employee Related Benefits
We recognize the unfunded portion of plan benefit obligations in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which is remeasured at each year end, with a corresponding adjustment to regulatory assets/liabilities as the costs associated with these plans are recovered in rates. The portion of the regulatory asset related to our Montana pension plan will amortize as cash funding amounts exceed accrual expense under GAAP. The SDPUC allows recovery of pension costs on an accrual basis. The MPSC allows recovery of postretirement benefit costs on an accrual basis. The MPSC allows recovery of other employee related benefits on a cash basis.
Montana Distribution System Infrastructure Project (DSIP)
We have an accounting order to defer certain incremental operating and maintenance expenses associated with DSIP. Pursuant to the order, we deferred expenses incurred during 2011 and 2012 as a regulatory asset associated with the phase-in portion of the DSIP. These costs are being amortized into expense over five years beginning in 2013.
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Supply Costs
The MPSC, SDPUC and NPSC have authorized the use of electric and natural gas supply cost trackers that enable us to track actual supply costs and either recover the under collection or refund the over collection to our customers. Accordingly, we have recorded a regulatory asset and liability to reflect the future recovery of under collections and refunding of over collections through the ratemaking process. We earn interest on electric and natural gas supply costs under collected, or apply interest in an over collection of 7.5%, in Montana; 10.6% and 7.8%, respectively, in South Dakota; and 8.5% for natural gas in Nebraska.
Energy Supply Derivatives
To manage our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices we routinely enter into derivative contracts. Certain contracts for the purchase of natural gas associated with our gas utility operations do not qualify for the normal purchase and normal sale scope exception (NPNS). We use the mark-to-market method of accounting for these derivative contracts as we do not elect hedge accounting. Upon settlement of these contracts, associated proceeds or costs are refunded to or collected from our customers consistent with regulatory requirements; therefore, we record a regulatory asset or liability based on changes in market value.
Deferred Revenue
We have deferred revenue associated with DGGS and DSM lost revenues, which may be subject to refund as we have open regulatory proceedings. See Note 4 - Regulatory Matters, for further information regarding these items.
Environmental clean-up
Environmental clean-up costs are the estimated costs of investigating and cleaning up contaminated sites we own. We discuss the specific sites and clean-up requirements further in Note 20 - Commitments and Contingencies. Environmental clean-up costs are typically recoverable in customer rates when they are actually incurred. We record changes in the regulatory asset consistent with changes in our environmental liabilities. When cost projections become known and measurable, we coordinate with the appropriate regulatory authority to determine a recovery period.
Income Taxes
Tax assets primarily reflect the effects of plant related temporary differences such as flow-through of depreciation, repairs related deductions, removal costs, capitalized interest and contributions in aid of construction that we will recover or refund in future rates. We amortize these amounts as temporary differences reverse.
Deferred Financing Costs
Consistent with our historical regulatory treatment, a regulatory asset has been established to reflect the remaining deferred financing costs on long-term debt that has been replaced through the issuance of new debt. These amounts are amortized over the life of the new debt.
State & Local Taxes & Fees (Montana Property Tax Tracker)
Under Montana law, we are allowed to track the increases in the actual level of state and local taxes and fees and recover these amounts. The MPSC has authorized recovery in the property tax tracker of approximately 60% of the estimated increase in our local taxes and fees (primarily property taxes) as compared to the related amount included in rates during our last general rate case.
Removal Cost
The anticipated costs of removing assets upon retirement are provided for over the life of those assets as a component of depreciation expense. Our depreciation method, including cost of removal, is established by the respective regulatory commissions. Therefore, consistent with this regulated treatment, we reflect this accrual of removal costs for our regulated assets by increasing our regulatory liability. See Note 7 - Asset Retirement Obligations, for further information regarding this item.
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Gas Storage Sales
A regulatory liability was established in 2000 and 2001 based on gains on cushion gas sales in Montana. This gain is being flowed to customers over a period that matches the depreciable life of surface facilities that were added to maintain deliverability from the field after the withdrawal of the gas. This regulatory liability is a reduction of rate base.
(6) Property, Plant and Equipment
The following table presents the major classifications of our property, plant and equipment (in thousands):
Estimated Useful Life | December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||||
(years) | (in thousands) | ||||||||
Land, land rights and easements | 54 – 96 | $ | 128,123 | $ | 72,550 | ||||
Building and improvements | 27 – 64 | 163,852 | 145,989 | ||||||
Transmission, distribution, and storage | 15 – 85 | 2,448,821 | 2,339,111 | ||||||
Generation | 25 – 50 | 533,450 | 506,017 | ||||||
Plant acquisition adjustment | 34 | 204,754 | 204,754 | ||||||
Other | 2 - 45 | 308,345 | 259,308 | ||||||
Construction work in process | –— | 104,891 | 121,360 | ||||||
3,892,236 | 3,649,089 | ||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (1,202,108 | ) | (1,213,499 | ) | |||||
$ | 2,690,128 | $ | 2,435,590 | ||||||
The plant acquisition adjustment is related to the inclusion of our interest in Colstrip Unit 4 in rate base and represents the costs associated with the purchase of our previously leased interest. The acquisition adjustment is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining useful life. Plant and equipment under capital lease were $25.6 million and $27.7 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which included $25.1 million and $27.1 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, related to a long-term power supply contract with the owners of a natural gas fired peaking plant, which has been accounted for as a capital lease.
Jointly Owned Electric Generating Plant
We have an ownership interest in four base-load electric generating plants, all of which are coal fired and operated by other companies. We have an undivided interest in these facilities and are responsible for our proportionate share of the capital and operating costs while being entitled to our proportionate share of the power generated. Our interest in each plant is reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a pro rata basis and our share of operating expenses is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The participants each finance their own investment.
Information relating to our ownership interest in these facilities is as follows (in thousands):
Big Stone (SD) | Neal #4 (IA) | Coyote (ND) | Colstrip Unit 4 (MT) | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
Ownership percentages | 23.4 | % | 8.7 | % | 10.0 | % | 30.0 | % | |||||||
Plant in service | $ | 61,186 | $ | 57,633 | $ | 46,003 | $ | 290,163 | |||||||
Accumulated depreciation | 45,792 | 29,841 | 36,076 | 70,072 | |||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Ownership percentages | 23.4 | % | 8.7 | % | 10.0 | % | 30.0 | % | |||||||
Plant in service | $ | 61,084 | $ | 30,009 | $ | 46,188 | $ | 290,607 | |||||||
Accumulated depreciation | 38,021 | 23,994 | 30,655 | 67,534 | |||||||||||
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(7) Asset Retirement Obligations
We are obligated to dispose of certain long-lived assets upon their abandonment. We recognize a liability for the legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future event. We measure the liability at fair value when incurred and capitalize a corresponding amount as part of the book value of the related assets, which increases our property, plant and equipment and other noncurrent liabilities. The increase in the capitalized cost is included in determining depreciation expense over the estimated useful life of these assets. Since the fair value of the asset retirement obligation (ARO) is determined using a present value approach, accretion of the liability due to the passage of time is recognized each period and recorded as a regulatory asset until the settlement of the liability. Revisions to estimated ARO can result from changes in retirement cost estimates, revisions to estimated inflation rates, and changes in the estimated timing of abandonment. If the obligation is settled for an amount other than the carrying amount of the liability, we will recognize a gain or loss on settlement.
Our AROs are primarily related to Department of Transportation requirements to cut, purge and cap retired natural gas pipeline segments, and our obligation to plug and abandon oil and gas wells at the end of their life. The following table presents the change in our gross conditional ARO (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Liability at January 1, | $ | 9,283 | $ | 6,292 | |||
Accretion expense | 745 | 473 | |||||
Liabilities incurred | 8,829 | 2,466 | |||||
Liabilities settled | (27 | ) | (35 | ) | |||
Revisions to cash flows | 2,056 | 87 | |||||
Liability at December 31, | $ | 20,886 | $ | 9,283 | |||
Liabilities incurred includes amounts related to the natural gas production assets acquired.
Our regulated utility operations have previously recognized removal costs of transmission and distribution assets as a component of depreciation in accordance with regulatory treatment. Generally, the accrual of future non-ARO removal obligations is not required. However, long-standing ratemaking practices approved by applicable state and federal regulatory commissions have allowed provisions for such costs in historical depreciation rates. These removal costs have accumulated over a number of years based on varying rates as authorized by the appropriate regulatory entities. Accordingly, the recorded amounts of estimated future removal costs are considered regulatory liabilities. These amounts do not represent legal retirement obligations. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we have recognized accrued removal costs of $336.6 million and $264.5 million, respectively.
We have identified removal liabilities related to our electric and natural gas transmission and distribution assets that have been installed on easements over property not owned by us. The easements are generally perpetual and only require remediation action upon abandonment or cessation of use of the property for the specified purpose. The ARO liability is not estimable for such easements as we intend to utilize these properties indefinitely. In the event we decide to abandon or cease the use of a particular easement, an ARO liability would be recorded at that time.
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(8) Goodwill
We completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of April 1, 2013 and no impairment was identified. We calculate the fair value of our reporting units by considering various factors, including valuation studies based primarily on a discounted cash flow analysis, with published industry valuations and market data as supporting information. Key assumptions in the determination of fair value include the use of an appropriate discount rate and estimated future cash flows. In estimating cash flows, we incorporate expected long-term growth rates in our service territory, regulatory stability, and commodity prices (where appropriate), as well as other factors that affect our revenue, expense and capital expenditure projections.
There were no changes in our goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2013. Goodwill by segment is as follows (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Electric | $ | 241,100 | $ | 241,100 | |||
Natural gas | 114,028 | 114,028 | |||||
$ | 355,128 | $ | 355,128 | ||||
(9) Risk Management and Hedging Activities
Nature of Our Business and Associated Risks
We are exposed to certain risks related to the ongoing operations of our business, including the impact of market fluctuations in the price of electricity and natural gas commodities and changes in interest rates. We rely on market purchases to fulfill a large portion of our electric and natural gas supply requirements within the Montana market. Several factors influence price levels and volatility. These factors include, but are not limited to, seasonal changes in demand, weather conditions, available generating assets within regions, transportation availability and reliability within and between regions, fuel availability, market liquidity, and the nature and extent of current and potential federal and state regulations.
Objectives and Strategies for Using Derivatives
To manage our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices we routinely enter into derivative contracts, such as fixed-price forward purchase and sales contracts. The objective of these transactions is to fix the price for a portion of anticipated energy purchases to supply our customers. These types of contracts are included in our electric and natural gas supply portfolios and are used to manage price volatility risk by taking advantage of fluctuations in market prices. While individual contracts may be above or below market value, the overall portfolio approach is intended to provide greater price stability for consumers. These commodity costs are included in our cost tracking mechanisms and are recoverable from customers subject to prudence reviews by the applicable state regulatory commissions. We do not maintain a trading portfolio, and our derivative transactions are only used for risk management purposes consistent with regulatory guidelines. In addition, we may use interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate exposures associated with new debt issuances or to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable rate debt.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments
We evaluate new and existing transactions and agreements to determine whether they are derivatives. The permitted accounting treatments include: normal purchase normal sale; cash flow hedge; fair value hedge; and mark-to-market. Mark-to-market accounting is the default accounting treatment for all derivatives unless they qualify, and we specifically designate them, for one of the other accounting treatments. Derivatives designated for any of the elective accounting treatments must meet specific, restrictive criteria both at the time of designation and on an ongoing basis. The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction.
Normal Purchases and Normal Sales
We have applied the NPNS exception to most of our contracts involving the physical purchase and sale of gas and electricity at fixed prices in future periods. During our normal course of business, we enter into full-requirement energy
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contracts, power purchase agreements and physical capacity contracts, which qualify for NPNS. All of these contracts are accounted for using the accrual method of accounting; therefore, there were no amounts recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements at December 31, 2013 and 2012. Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.
Mark-to-Market Accounting
Certain contracts for the purchase of natural gas associated with our gas utility operations do not qualify for NPNS. These are typically forward purchase contracts for natural gas where we lock in a fixed price, settle the contracts financially and do not take physical delivery of the natural gas. We use the mark-to-market method of accounting for these derivative contracts as we do not elect hedge accounting. Upon settlement of these contracts, associated proceeds or costs are refunded to or collected from our customers consistent with regulatory requirements; therefore, we record a regulatory asset or liability based on changes in market value.
The following table represents the fair value and location of derivative instruments subject to mark-to-market accounting (in thousands). For more information on the determination of fair value see Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements.
December 31, | |||||||||
Mark-to-Market Transactions | Balance Sheet Location | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Natural gas net derivative liability | Accrued Expenses | $ | — | $ | 5,428 | ||||
The following table represents the net change in fair value for these derivatives (in thousands):
Unrealized gain recognized in Regulatory Assets | |||||||
December 31, | |||||||
Derivatives Subject to Regulatory Deferral | 2013 | 2012 | |||||
Natural gas | $ | 5,428 | $ | 14,884 | |||
Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk primarily through buying and selling electricity and natural gas to serve customers. Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from counterparty non-performance under an agreement. We manage credit risk with policies and procedures for, among other things, counterparty analysis and exposure measurement, monitoring and mitigation. We may request collateral or other security from our counterparties based on the assessment of creditworthiness and expected credit exposure. It is possible that volatility in commodity prices could cause us to have material credit risk exposures with one or more counterparties.
We enter into commodity master enabling agreements with our counterparties to mitigate credit exposure, as these agreements reduce the risk of default by allowing us or our counterparty the ability to make net payments. The agreements generally are: (1) Western Systems Power Pool agreements - standardized power purchase and sales contracts in the electric industry; (2) International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements - standardized financial gas and electric contracts; (3) North American Energy Standards Board agreements - standardized physical gas contracts; and (4) Edison Electric Institute Master Purchase and Sale Agreements - standardized power sales contracts in the electric industry.
Many of our forward purchase contracts contain provisions that require us to maintain an investment grade credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. If our credit rating were to fall below investment grade, the counterparties could require immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on contracts in net liability positions.
As of December 31, 2013, none of the forward purchase contracts that do not qualify for NPNS contain credit risk-related contingent features.
Interest Rate Swaps Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
If we enter into contracts to hedge the variability of cash flows related to forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income. The relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management
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objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged. Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the variability of the cash flows of the related hedged item. Any ineffective portion of all hedges would be recognized in current-period earnings. Cash flows related to these contracts are classified in the same category as the transaction being hedged.
We have previously used interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges to manage our interest rate exposures associated with new debt issuances. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of gains and losses, net of associated deferred income tax effects, recorded in AOCI. We reclassify these gains from AOCI into interest expense during the periods in which the hedged interest payments occur. The following table shows the effect of these derivative instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands):
Cash Flow Hedges | Location of Gain Reclassified from AOCI to Income | Amount of Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income during the Year Ended December 31, 2013 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Interest Expense | $ | 1,188 | |||
Approximately $5.7 million of the pre-tax gain on these cash flow hedges is remaining in AOCI as of December 31, 2013, and we expect to reclassify approximately $1.2 million of pre-tax gains on these cash-flow hedges from AOCI into interest expense during the next twelve months. These gains relate to swaps previously terminated, and we have no current interest rate swaps outstanding.
(10) Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., an exit price). Measuring fair value requires the use of market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, corroborated by market data, or generally unobservable. Valuation techniques are required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
A fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value, and requires fair value measurements to be categorized based on the observability of those inputs has been established by the applicable accounting guidance. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 inputs) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
• | Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices available in active markets at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities; |
• | Level 2 – Pricing inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date; and |
• | Level 3 – Significant inputs that are generally not observable from market activity. |
We classify assets and liabilities within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement of each individual asset and liability taken as a whole. The table below sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the gross components of our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Normal purchases and sales transactions are not included in the fair values by source table as they are not recorded at fair value. See Note 9 - Risk Management and Hedging Activities for further discussion.
We record transfers between levels of the fair value heirarchy, if necessary, at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between levels for the periods presented.
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December 31, 2013 | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets or Liabilities (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Margin Cash Collateral Offset | Total Net Fair Value | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash | $ | 6,650 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,650 | ||||||||||
Rabbi trust investments | 16,477 | — | — | — | 16,477 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 23,127 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 23,127 | ||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash | $ | 6,392 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,392 | ||||||||||
Rabbi trust investments | 10,522 | — | — | — | 10,522 | |||||||||||||||
Derivative liability (1) | — | (5,428 | ) | — | — | (5,428 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 16,914 | $ | (5,428 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,486 | |||||||||
____________________________
(1) | The changes in the fair value of these derivatives are deferred as a regulatory asset or liability until the contracts are settled. Upon settlement, associated proceeds or costs are passed through the applicable cost tracking mechanism to customers. |
Restricted cash represents amounts held in money market mutual funds. Rabbi trust assets represent assets held for non-qualified deferred compensation plans, which consist of our common stock and actively traded mutual funds with quoted prices in active markets. Fair value for the commodity derivatives was determined using internal models based on quoted forward commodity prices. We consider nonperformance risk in our valuation of derivative instruments by analyzing the credit standing of our counterparties and considering any counterparty credit enhancements (e.g., collateral). The fair value measurement of liabilities also reflects the nonperformance risk of the reporting entity, as applicable. Therefore, we have factored the impact of our credit standing as well as any potential credit enhancements into the fair value measurement of both derivative assets and derivative liabilities. Consideration of our own credit risk did not have a material impact on our fair value measurements.
The table above disaggregates our derivative liability on a gross contract-by-contract basis as required and classifies each individual liability within the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy, regardless of whether a particular contract is eligible for netting against other contracts. These gross balances are intended solely to provide information on sources of inputs to fair value and do not represent our actual credit exposure or net economic exposure. Increases and decreases in the gross components presented in each of the levels in this table also do not indicate changes in the level of derivative activities. Rather, the primary factors affecting the gross amounts are commodity prices.
Financial Instruments
The estimated fair value of financial instruments is summarized as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||
Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,155,097 | $ | 1,237,151 | $ | 1,055,074 | $ | 1,229,233 | |||||||
Short-term borrowings consist of commercial paper and are not included in the table above as carrying value approximates fair value. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies; however, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we would realize in a current market exchange.
We determined fair value for long-term debt based on interest rates that are currently available to us for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities, except for publicly traded debt, for which fair value is based on market prices for the same or similar issues or upon the quoted market prices of U.S. treasury issues having a similar term to maturity, adjusted
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for our bond issuance rating and the present value of future cash flows. These are significant other observable inputs, or level 2 inputs, in the fair value hierarchy.
(11) Short-Term Borrowings and Credit Arrangements
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings and the corresponding weighted average interest rates as of December 31 were as follows (dollars in millions, except for percentages):
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Short-Term Debt | Balance | Interest Rate | Balance | Interest Rate | ||||||||||
Commercial Paper | $ | 141.0 | 0.41 | % | $ | 122.9 | 0.53 | % | ||||||
The following information relates to commercial paper for the years ended December 31 (dollars in millions):
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Maximum short-term debt outstanding | $ | 199.9 | $ | 166.9 | |||
Average short-term debt outstanding | $ | 69.0 | $ | 78.9 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 0.40 | % | 0.48 | % | |||
Under our commercial paper program we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes on a private placement basis up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $250 million to provide an additional financing source for our short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper issuances will vary, but may not exceed 270 days from the date of issue. Commercial paper issuances are supported by available capacity under our unsecured revolving credit facility.
Unsecured Revolving Line of Credit
On November 5, 2013, we amended and restated our $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility scheduled to expire on June 30, 2016, to extend the term to November 5, 2018. The facility has an accordion feature that allows us to increase the size up to $350 million. The facility does not amortize. The facility bears interest at the Eurodollar rate plus a credit spread, ranging from 0.88% to 1.75%, or a base rate, plus a margin of 0.0% to 0.75%. A total of eight banks participate in the facility, with no one bank providing more than 16% of the total availability. There were no direct borrowings or letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2013. Commitment fees for the unsecured revolving line of credit were $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.
The credit facility includes covenants that require us to meet certain financial tests, including a maximum debt to capitalization ratio not to exceed 65%. The facility also contains covenants which, among other things, limit our ability to engage in any consolidation or merger or otherwise liquidate or dissolve, dispose of property, and enter into transactions with affiliates. A default on the South Dakota or Montana First Mortgage Bonds would trigger a cross default on the credit facility; however a default on the credit facility would not trigger a default on any other obligations.
Bridge Facility
In November 2013, in connection with the Hydro Transaction, we entered into a $900 million 364-day senior bridge credit facility. The bridge facility may be used temporarily in a single draw to finance the Hydro Transaction and pay related fees and expenses in the event that permanent financing is not in place at the time of closing. Any advance under the bridge facility is subject to certain conditions including regulatory approval of the Hydro Transaction, and would be due and payable within one year of borrowing.
The bridge facility does not amortize and is unsecured. The bridge facility, if drawn, bears interest at the Eurodollar rate, plus a margin of 0.88% to 1.75%, or a base rate, plus a margin of 0.0% to 0.75%. The applicable margin would be determined based on our then-current senior unsecured credit ratings. If our current unsecured credit ratings are unchanged at the time of closing, the applicable margin would be 1.25% for Eurodollar rate loans and 0.25% for base rate loans. There were no direct borrowings or letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2013. Commitment fees for the bridge facility were $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
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The covenants in the bridge facility are substantially similar to those in our unsecured revolving line of credit. As of December 31, 2013, we are in compliance with our financial debt covenants.
(12) Long-Term Debt and Capital Leases
Long-term debt and capital leases consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, | ||||||||||
Due | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||
Unsecured Debt: | ||||||||||
Unsecured Revolving Line of Credit | 2018 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
Secured Debt: | ||||||||||
Mortgage bonds— | ||||||||||
South Dakota—6.05% | 2018 | 55,000 | 55,000 | |||||||
South Dakota—5.01% | 2025 | 64,000 | 64,000 | |||||||
South Dakota—4.15% | 2042 | 30,000 | 30,000 | |||||||
South Dakota—4.30% | 2052 | 20,000 | 20,000 | |||||||
South Dakota—4.85% | 2043 | 50,000 | — | |||||||
Montana—6.04% | 2016 | 150,000 | 150,000 | |||||||
Montana—6.34% | 2019 | 250,000 | 250,000 | |||||||
Montana—5.71% | 2039 | 55,000 | 55,000 | |||||||
Montana—5.01% | 2025 | 161,000 | 161,000 | |||||||
Montana—4.15% | 2042 | 60,000 | 60,000 | |||||||
Montana—4.30% | 2052 | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
Montana—4.85% | 2043 | 15,000 | — | |||||||
Montana—3.99% | 2028 | 35,000 | — | |||||||
Pollution control obligations— | ||||||||||
Montana—4.65% | 2023 | 170,205 | 170,205 | |||||||
Other Long Term Debt: | ||||||||||
Discount on Notes and Bonds | — | (108 | ) | (131 | ) | |||||
1,155,097 | 1,055,074 | |||||||||
Less current maturities | — | — | ||||||||
$ | 1,155,097 | $ | 1,055,074 | |||||||
Capital Leases: | ||||||||||
Total Capital Leases | Various | $ | 31,557 | $ | 33,174 | |||||
Less current maturities | (1,662 | ) | (1,612 | ) | ||||||
$ | 29,895 | $ | 31,562 | |||||||
Secured Debt
First Mortgage Bonds and Pollution Control Obligations
The South Dakota Mortgage Bonds are a series of general obligation bonds issued under our South Dakota indenture. All of such bonds are secured by substantially all of our South Dakota and Nebraska electric and natural gas assets.
The Montana First Mortgage Bonds and Montana Pollution Control Obligations are secured by substantially all of our Montana electric and natural gas assets.
In December 2013, we issued $65 million aggregate principal amount of Montana and South Dakota First Mortgage Bonds at a fixed interest rate of 4.85% maturing in 2043. At the same time, we also issued $35 million aggregate principal amount of Montana First Mortgage Bonds at a fixed interest rate of 3.99% maturing in 2028. The bonds are secured by our electric and
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natural gas assets in the respective jurisdictions. The bonds were issued in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Proceeds were used to fund a portion of our investment growth opportunities.
As of December 31, 2013, we are in compliance with our financial debt covenants.
Maturities of Long-Term Debt
The aggregate minimum principal maturities of long-term debt and capital leases, during the next five years are $1.7 million in 2014, $1.7 million in 2015, $151.8 million in 2016, $2.0 million in 2017 and $57.1 million in 2018.
(13) Income Taxes
Income tax expense is comprised of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Federal | |||||||||||
Current | $ | 108 | $ | 5,358 | $ | (159 | ) | ||||
Deferred | 18,150 | 13,197 | 18,618 | ||||||||
Investment tax credits | (335 | ) | (376 | ) | (424 | ) | |||||
State | |||||||||||
Current | 83 | (1,411 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||||
Deferred | (3,705 | ) | 1,321 | (7,943 | ) | ||||||
$ | 14,301 | $ | 18,089 | $ | 10,065 | ||||||
The following table reconciles our effective income tax rate to the federal statutory rate:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||
Federal statutory rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||
State income, net of federal provisions | (2.8 | ) | 0.9 | (5.5 | ) | |||
Flow-through repairs deductions | (16.4 | ) | (14.0 | ) | (13.1 | ) | ||
Production tax credits | (2.9 | ) | — | — | ||||
Plant and depreciation of flow through items | (0.5 | ) | (1.1 | ) | (0.3 | ) | ||
Prior year permanent return to accrual adjustments | 0.5 | (1.6 | ) | (3.8 | ) | |||
Recognition of state net operating loss benefit / valuation allowance release | — | (2.1 | ) | (2.3 | ) | |||
Other, net | 0.3 | (1.6 | ) | (0.2 | ) | |||
13.2 | % | 15.5 | % | 9.8 | % | |||
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The following table summarizes the significant differences in income tax expense based on the differences between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Income Before Income Taxes | $ | 108,284 | $ | 116,495 | $ | 102,621 | |||||
Income tax calculated at 35% federal statutory rate | 37,899 | 40,774 | 35,917 | ||||||||
Permanent or flow through adjustments: | |||||||||||
State income, net of federal provisions | (3,082 | ) | 1,078 | (5,673 | ) | ||||||
Flow-through repairs deductions | (17,763 | ) | (16,350 | ) | (13,425 | ) | |||||
Production tax credits | (3,171 | ) | — | — | |||||||
Plant and depreciation of flow through items | (584 | ) | (1,281 | ) | (264 | ) | |||||
Prior year permanent return to accrual adjustments | 541 | (1,901 | ) | (3,948 | ) | ||||||
Recognition of state net operating loss benefit / valuation allowance release | — | (2,398 | ) | (2,402 | ) | ||||||
Other, net | 461 | (1,833 | ) | (140 | ) | ||||||
$ | (23,598 | ) | $ | (22,685 | ) | $ | (25,852 | ) | |||
Income tax expense | $ | 14,301 | $ | 18,089 | $ | 10,065 | |||||
Our effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to the regulatory impact of flowing through federal and state tax benefits of repairs deductions, state tax benefit of bonus depreciation deductions and production tax credits. The regulatory accounting treatment of these deductions requires immediate income recognition for temporary tax differences of this type, which is referred to as the flow-through method. When the flow-through method of accounting for temporary differences is reflected in regulated revenues, we record deferred income taxes and establish related regulatory assets and liabilities.
Deferred income taxes relate primarily to the difference between book and tax methods of depreciating property, amortizing tax-deductible goodwill, the difference in the recognition of revenues and expenses for book and tax purposes, certain natural gas and electric costs which are deferred for book purposes but expensed currently for tax purposes, and NOL carry forwards. We have elected under Internal Revenue Code 46(f)(2) to defer investment tax credit benefits and amortize them against expense and customer billing rates over the book life of the underlying plant.
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The components of the net deferred income tax liability recognized in our Consolidated Balance Sheets are related to the following temporary differences (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Pension / postretirement benefits | $ | 20,522 | $ | 59,098 | |||
Unbilled revenue | 18,136 | 15,944 | |||||
NOL carryforward | 16,758 | — | |||||
Reserves and accruals | 12,097 | 12,457 | |||||
Customer advances | 10,781 | 13,660 | |||||
Compensation accruals | 10,409 | 11,303 | |||||
AMT credit carryforward | 10,357 | 10,588 | |||||
Environmental liability | 9,026 | 9,701 | |||||
Regulatory assets | 7,248 | — | |||||
Production tax credit | 3,171 | — | |||||
QF obligations | 2,066 | 1,462 | |||||
Property taxes | 796 | 18,025 | |||||
Regulatory liabilities | 659 | 1,526 | |||||
Other, net | 2,827 | 3,539 | |||||
Deferred Tax Asset | 124,853 | 157,303 | |||||
Excess tax depreciation | (304,071 | ) | (278,051 | ) | |||
Goodwill amortization | (122,798 | ) | (118,313 | ) | |||
Flow through depreciation | (79,016 | ) | (63,551 | ) | |||
Regulatory assets | — | (24,173 | ) | ||||
Deferred Tax Liability | (505,885 | ) | (484,088 | ) | |||
Deferred Tax Liability, net | $ | (381,032 | ) | $ | (326,785 | ) | |
At December 31, 2013 we estimate our total federal NOL carryforward to be approximately $325.7 million. If unused, our federal NOL carryforwards will expire as follows: $16.3 million in 2025; $95.5 million in 2028; $23.8 million in 2029; $127.5 million in 2031; and $62.6 million in 2033. We estimate our state NOL carryforward as of December 31, 2013 is approximately $243.5 million. If unused, our state NOL carryforwards will expire as follows: $74.0 million in 2015; $18.6 million in 2016; $101.2 million in 2018; and $49.7 million in 2020. We believe it is more likely than not that sufficient taxable income will be generated to utilize these NOL carryforwards.
Uncertain Tax Positions
We recognize tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not threshold as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The change in unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
Unrecognized Tax Benefits at January 1 | $ | 113,291 | $ | 131,949 | $ | 120,859 | |||||
Gross increases - tax positions in prior period | — | — | — | ||||||||
Gross decreases - tax positions in prior period | — | (1,766 | ) | (15,774 | ) | ||||||
Gross increases - tax positions in current period | 518 | 2,391 | 26,864 | ||||||||
Gross decreases - tax positions in current period | (343 | ) | (19,283 | ) | — | ||||||
Unrecognized Tax Benefits at December 31 | $ | 113,466 | $ | 113,291 | $ | 131,949 | |||||
Our unrecognized tax benefits include approximately $79.0 million related to tax positions as of each of December 31, 2013 and 2012 that, if recognized, would impact our annual effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that a significant portion of our unrecognized tax benefits may decrease in the next twelve months.
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Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we recognized approximately $0.4 million of interest in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As of December 31, 2013, we have $0.4 million of interest accrued in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we did not recognize any expense for interest or penalties, and did not have any amounts accrued as of December 31, 2012, for the payment of interest and penalties.
In September 2013, the IRS issued final tangible property regulations, which includes final guidance on a safe harbor method for determining the tax treatment of repair costs related to electric transmission and distribution property. The regulations are not effective until tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014; however, certain portions require a tax accounting method change on a retroactive basis, thus requiring an adjustment related to fixed and real asset deferred taxes. Based on our preliminary analysis of the tangible property regulations, no material adjustments were recorded during 2013. We will continue to monitor the impact of any future changes to the tangible property regulations on our tax positions prospectively.
Our federal tax returns from 2000 forward remain subject to examination by the IRS.
(14) Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables display the components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), after-tax, and the related tax effects (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before-Tax Amount | Tax Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | Before-Tax Amount | Tax Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | Before-Tax Amount | Tax Benefit | Net-of-Tax Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | $ | 166 | $ | — | $ | 166 | $ | (54 | ) | — | $ | (54 | ) | $ | 25 | $ | — | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net gains on derivative instruments to net income | (1,188 | ) | 458 | (730 | ) | (1,188 | ) | 456 | (732 | ) | (1,188 | ) | 458 | (730 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of deferred tax liability on net gains on derivative instruments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | (3,572 | ) | (3,572 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension and postretirement medical liability adjustment | 1,568 | (605 | ) | 963 | (897 | ) | 344 | (553 | ) | (736 | ) | 155 | (581 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 546 | $ | (147 | ) | $ | 399 | $ | (2,139 | ) | $ | 800 | $ | (1,339 | ) | $ | (1,899 | ) | $ | (2,959 | ) | $ | (4,858 | ) | |||||||||||
Balances by classification included within AOCI on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows, net of tax (in thousands):
December 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||
Foreign currency translation | $ | 532 | $ | 366 | ||||
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges | 3,513 | 4,243 | ||||||
Pension and postretirement medical plans | (1,329 | ) | (2,292 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,716 | 2,317 | ||||||
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The following table displays the changes in AOCI by component, net of tax (in thousands):
December 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||||||
Twelve Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income | Gains on Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedges | Pension and Postretirement Medical Plans | Foreign Currency Translation | Total | |||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 4,243 | $ | (2,292 | ) | $ | 366 | $ | 2,317 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | — | — | 166 | $ | 166 | ||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | Interest Expense | (730 | ) | — | — | $ | (730 | ) | |||||||||
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | — | 963 | — | $ | 963 | ||||||||||||
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income | (730 | ) | 963 | 166 | 399 | ||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | 3,513 | $ | (1,329 | ) | $ | 532 | $ | 2,716 | ||||||||
(15) Operating Leases
We lease vehicles, office equipment and facilities under various long-term operating leases. At December 31, 2013 future minimum lease payments for the next five years under non-cancelable lease agreements are as follows (in thousands):
2014 | 1,655 | |
2015 | 1,260 | |
2016 | 796 | |
2017 | 434 | |
2018 | 40 | |
Lease and rental expense incurred was $2.0 million, $2.2 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
F-30
(16) Employee Benefit Plans
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
We sponsor and/or contribute to pension and postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans for eligible employees, which includes two cash balance pension plans. The plan for our South Dakota and Nebraska employees is referred to as the NorthWestern Corporation pension plan, and the plan for our Montana employees is referred to as the NorthWestern Energy pension plan. We utilize a number of accounting mechanisms that reduce the volatility of reported pension costs. Differences between actuarial assumptions and actual plan results are deferred and are recognized into earnings only when the accumulated differences exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets. If necessary, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees. The Plan’s funded status is recognized as an asset or liability in our financial statements. See Note 5 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities, for further discussion on how these costs are recovered through rates charged to our customers.
Benefit Obligation and Funded Status
Following is a reconciliation of the changes in plan benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets, and a statement of the funded status (in thousands):
Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||
Change in Benefit Obligation: | |||||||||||||||
Obligation at beginning of period | $ | 609,643 | $ | 536,536 | $ | 34,040 | $ | 32,427 | |||||||
Service cost | 13,465 | 11,488 | 541 | 541 | |||||||||||
Interest cost | 22,719 | 23,823 | 877 | 1,167 | |||||||||||
Actuarial (gain) loss | (54,671 | ) | 59,071 | (3,156 | ) | 2,508 | |||||||||
Benefits paid | (23,290 | ) | (21,275 | ) | (2,218 | ) | (2,603 | ) | |||||||
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 567,866 | $ | 609,643 | $ | 30,084 | $ | 34,040 | |||||||
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets: | |||||||||||||||
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period | $ | 472,936 | $ | 432,637 | $ | 15,893 | $ | 15,502 | |||||||
Return on plan assets | 55,006 | 49,874 | 2,662 | 1,789 | |||||||||||
Employer contributions | 11,700 | 11,700 | 1,846 | 1,205 | |||||||||||
Benefits paid | (23,290 | ) | (21,275 | ) | (2,218 | ) | (2,603 | ) | |||||||
Fair value of plan assets at end of period | $ | 516,352 | $ | 472,936 | $ | 18,183 | $ | 15,893 | |||||||
Funded Status | $ | (51,514 | ) | $ | (136,707 | ) | $ | (11,901 | ) | $ | (18,147 | ) | |||
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet consist of: | |||||||||||||||
Current liability | — | — | (1,178 | ) | (1,082 | ) | |||||||||
Noncurrent liability | (51,514 | ) | (136,707 | ) | (10,723 | ) | (17,065 | ) | |||||||
Net amount recognized | $ | (51,514 | ) | $ | (136,707 | ) | $ | (11,901 | ) | $ | (18,147 | ) | |||
Amounts recognized in regulatory assets consist of: | |||||||||||||||
Prior service (cost) credit | (748 | ) | (994 | ) | 19,247 | 21,396 | |||||||||
Net actuarial loss | (71,777 | ) | (160,610 | ) | (4,807 | ) | (9,488 | ) | |||||||
Amounts recognized in AOCI consist of: | |||||||||||||||
Prior service cost | — | — | (1,302 | ) | (1,453 | ) | |||||||||
Net actuarial gain | — | — | (971 | ) | (2,432 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | (72,525 | ) | $ | (161,604 | ) | $ | 12,167 | $ | 8,023 | |||||
F-31
The total projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows (in millions):
Pension Benefits | |||||||
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Projected benefit obligation | $ | 567.9 | $ | 609.6 | |||
Accumulated benefit obligation | 565.0 | 606.2 | |||||
Fair value of plan assets | 516.4 | 472.9 | |||||
Net Periodic Cost (Credit)
The components of the net costs (credits) for our pension and other postretirement plans are as follows (in thousands):
Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 13,465 | $ | 11,488 | $ | 10,199 | $ | 541 | $ | 541 | $ | 437 | |||||||||||
Interest cost | 22,719 | 23,823 | 24,394 | 877 | 1,167 | 1,348 | |||||||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (32,491 | ) | (29,996 | ) | (30,462 | ) | (1,019 | ) | (1,021 | ) | (1,185 | ) | |||||||||||
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | 246 | 246 | 246 | (1,998 | ) | (1,998 | ) | (1,998 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Recognized actuarial loss | 11,648 | 8,646 | 2,516 | 1,271 | 790 | 658 | |||||||||||||||||
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) | $ | 15,587 | $ | 14,207 | $ | 6,893 | $ | (328 | ) | $ | (521 | ) | $ | (740 | ) | ||||||||
For purposes of calculating the expected return on pension plan assets, the market-related value of assets is used, which is based upon fair value. The difference between actual plan asset returns and estimated plan asset returns are amortized equally over a period not to exceed five years.
We estimate amortizations from regulatory assets into net periodic benefit cost during 2014 will be as follows (in thousands):
Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | ||||||
Prior service cost (credit) | $ | 246 | $ | (1,998 | ) | ||
Accumulated loss | 2,226 | 310 | |||||
Actuarial Assumptions
The measurement dates used to determine pension and other postretirement benefit measurements for the plans are December 31, 2013 and 2012. The actuarial assumptions used to compute net periodic pension cost and postretirement benefit cost are based upon information available as of the beginning of the year, specifically, market interest rates, past experience and management's best estimate of future economic conditions. Changes in these assumptions may impact future benefit costs and obligations. In computing future costs and obligations, we must make assumptions about such things as employee mortality and turnover, expected salary and wage increases, discount rate, expected return on plan assets, and expected future cost increases. Two of these assumptions have the most impact on the level of cost: (1) discount rate and (2) expected rate of return on plan assets.
For 2013 and 2012, we set the discount rate using a yield curve analysis, which projects benefit cash flows into the future and then discounts those cash flows to the measurement date using a yield curve. This is done by constructing a hypothetical bond portfolio whose cash flow from coupons and maturities matches the year-by-year, projected benefit cash flow from our plans.
F-32
In determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, we review historical returns, the future expectations for returns for each asset class weighted by the target asset allocation of the pension and postretirement portfolios, and long-term inflation assumptions. During 2013, we changed the target asset allocation for our pension assets from 50% equity securities / 50% fixed income securities to 35% equity securities / 65% fixed income securities. Considering this information and future expectations for asset returns, we are reducing our long term rate of return on assets assumption from 7.00% for 2013 to 5.80% for 2014.
The health care cost trend rates are established through a review of actual recent cost trends and projected future trends. Our retiree medical trend assumptions are the best estimate of expected inflationary increases to our healthcare costs. Due to the relative size of our retiree population (under 800 members), the assumptions used are based upon both nationally expected trends and our specific expected trends. Our average increase remains consistent with the nationally expected trends.
The weighted-average assumptions used in calculating the preceding information are as follows:
Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | |||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Discount rate | 4.55-4.75 | % | 3.55-3.80 | % | 4.40-4.55 | % | 3.75-4.20 | % | 2.25-3.20 | % | 3.50-4.30 | % |
Expected rate of return on assets | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.25 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.25 | ||||||
Long-term rate of increase in compensation levels (nonunion) | 3.58 | 3.58 | 3.58 | 3.58 | 3.58 | 3.58 | ||||||
Long-term rate of increase in compensation levels (union) | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 | ||||||
The postretirement benefit obligation is calculated assuming that health care costs increased by 8.25% in 2013 and the rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits thereafter was assumed to decrease gradually by 0.25% per year to an ultimate trend of 4.5% by the year 2029. The company contribution toward the premium cost is capped, therefore future health care cost trend rates are expected to have a minimal impact on company costs and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation.
Investment Strategy
Our investment goals with respect to managing the pension and other postretirement assets are to meet current and future benefit payment needs while maximizing total investment returns (income and appreciation) after inflation within the constraints of diversification, prudent risk taking, and the Prudent Man Rule of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. Each plan is diversified across asset classes to achieve optimal balance between risk and return and between income and growth through capital appreciation. Our investment philosophy is based on the following:
• | Each plan should be substantially fully invested as long-term cash holdings reduce long-term rates of return; |
• | It is prudent to diversify each plan across the major asset classes; |
• | Equity investments provide greater long-term returns than fixed income investments, although with greater short-term volatility; |
• | Fixed income investments of the plans should strongly correlate with the interest rate sensitivity of the plan’s aggregate liabilities in order to hedge the risk of change in interest rates negatively impacting the overall funded status; |
• | Allocation to foreign equities increases the portfolio diversification and thereby decreases portfolio risk while providing for the potential for enhanced long-term returns; |
• | Active management can reduce portfolio risk and potentially add value through security selection strategies; |
• | A portion of plan assets should be allocated to passive, indexed management funds to provide for greater diversification and lower cost; and |
• | It is appropriate to retain more than one investment manager, provided that such managers offer asset class or style diversification. |
Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews, annual liability measurements, and periodic asset/liability studies.
F-33
The most important component of an investment strategy is the portfolio asset mix, or the allocation between the various classes of securities available. The mix of assets is based on an optimization study that identifies asset allocation targets in order to achieve the maximum return for an acceptable level of risk, while minimizing the expected contributions and pension and postretirement expense. In the optimization study, assumptions are formulated about characteristics, such as expected asset class investment returns, volatility (risk), and correlation coefficients among the various asset classes, and making adjustments to reflect future conditions expected to prevail over the study period. Based on this, the target asset allocation established, within an allowable range of plus or minus 5%, is as follows:
Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||
Domestic debt securities | 60.0 | % | 40.0 | % | 40.0 | % | 40.0 | % | |||
International debt securities | 5.0 | 10.0 | — | — | |||||||
Domestic equity securities | 30.0 | 40.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |||||||
International equity securities | 5.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
The actual allocation by plan is as follows:
NorthWestern Energy Pension | NorthWestern Corporation Pension | NorthWestern Energy Health and Welfare | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | — | % | — | % | 0.1 | % | — | % | 1.8 | % | 3.4 | % | |||||
Domestic debt securities | 58.6 | 39.5 | 64.7 | 38.3 | 38.6 | 37.8 | |||||||||||
International debt securities | 4.9 | 9.9 | 4.9 | 10.6 | 0.3 | — | |||||||||||
Domestic equity securities | 31.4 | 40.2 | 25.3 | 40.6 | 50.1 | 49.8 | |||||||||||
International equity securities | 5.1 | 10.4 | 5.0 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 9.0 | |||||||||||
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Generally, the asset mix will be rebalanced to the target mix as individual portfolios approach their minimum or maximum levels. Debt securities consist of U.S. and international instruments. Core domestic portfolios can be invested in government, corporate, asset-backed and mortgage-backed obligation securities. While the portfolio may invest in high yield securities, the average quality must be rated at least “investment grade" by rating agencies. Performance of fixed income investments is measured by both traditional investment benchmarks as well as relative changes in the present value of the plan's liabilities. Equity investments consist primarily of U.S. stocks including large, mid and small cap stocks, which are diversified across investment styles such as growth and value. We also invest in international equities with exposure to developing and emerging markets. Derivatives, options and futures are permitted for the purpose of reducing risk but may not be used for speculative purposes.
Our plan assets are primarily invested in common collective trusts (CCTs), which are invested in equity and fixed income securities. In accordance with our investment policy, these pooled investment funds must have an adequate asset base relative to their asset class and be invested in a diversified manner and have a minimum of three years of verified investment performance experience or verified portfolio manager investment experience in a particular investment strategy and have management and oversight by an investment advisor registered with the SEC. Investments in a collective investment vehicle are valued by multiplying the investee company’s net asset value per share with the number of units or shares owned at the valuation date. Net asset value per share is determined by the trustee. Investments held by the CCT, including collateral invested for securities on loan, are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service approved by the CCT’s investment manager, which determines valuations using methods based on quoted closing market prices on national securities exchanges, or at fair value as determined in good faith by the CCT’s investment manager if applicable. The funds do not contain any redemption restrictions. The direct holding of NorthWestern Corporation stock is not permitted; however, any holding in a diversified mutual fund or collective investment fund is permitted. In addition, the NorthWestern Corporation pension plan assets also include a participating group annuity contract in the John Hancock General Investment Account, which consists primarily of fixed-income securities. The participating group annuity contract is valued based on discounted cash flows of current yields of similar contracts with comparable duration based on the underlying fixed income investments.
F-34
The fair value of our plan assets at December 31, 2013, by asset category are as follows (in thousands):
Asset Category | Total | Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 | Significant Observable Inputs Level 2 | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 | |||||||||||
Pension Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 168 | $ | — | $ | 168 | $ | — | |||||||
Equity securities: (1) | |||||||||||||||
US small/mid cap growth | 13,764 | — | 13,764 | — | |||||||||||
US small/mid cap value | 13,664 | — | 13,664 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap growth | 42,094 | — | 42,094 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap value | 42,102 | — | 42,102 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap passive | 47,227 | — | 47,227 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US core | 20,015 | — | 20,015 | — | |||||||||||
Emerging markets | 6,250 | — | 6,250 | — | |||||||||||
Fixed income securities:(2) | |||||||||||||||
US core | 82,639 | — | 82,639 | — | |||||||||||
US passive | 44,762 | — | 44,762 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration | 24,401 | — | 24,401 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration investment grade | 32,700 | — | 32,700 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration passive | 24,122 | — | 24,122 | — | |||||||||||
Opportunistic | 5,876 | — | 5,876 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US passive | 25,150 | — | 25,150 | — | |||||||||||
Active long corporate | 83,147 | — | 83,147 | — | |||||||||||
Participating group annuity contract | 8,271 | — | 8,271 | — | |||||||||||
$ | 516,352 | $ | — | $ | 516,352 | $ | — | ||||||||
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 318 | $ | — | $ | 318 | $ | — | |||||||
Equity securities: (1) | |||||||||||||||
US small/mid cap growth | 751 | — | 751 | — | |||||||||||
US small/mid cap value | 736 | — | 736 | — | |||||||||||
S&P 500 index | 7,321 | — | 7,321 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap growth | 98 | — | 98 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap value | 98 | — | 98 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap passive | 110 | — | 110 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US core | 1,595 | — | 1,595 | — | |||||||||||
Emerging markets | 85 | — | 85 | — | |||||||||||
Fixed income securities: (2) | |||||||||||||||
Passive bond market | 1,880 | — | 1,880 | — | |||||||||||
US core | 4,390 | — | 4,390 | — | |||||||||||
US passive | 107 | — | 107 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration | 55 | — | 55 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration investment grade | 79 | — | 79 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration passive | 55 | — | 55 | — | |||||||||||
Opportunistic | 261 | — | 261 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US passive | 57 | — | 57 | — | |||||||||||
Active long corporate | 187 | — | 187 | — | |||||||||||
$ | 18,183 | $ | — | $ | 18,183 | $ | — | ||||||||
F-35
The fair value of our plan assets at December 31, 2012, by asset category are as follows (in thousands):
Asset Category | Total | Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 | Significant Observable Inputs Level 2 | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 | |||||||||||
Pension Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 508 | $ | 508 | $ | — | |||||||||
Equity securities: (1) | |||||||||||||||
US small/mid cap growth | 16,229 | — | 16,229 | — | |||||||||||
US small/mid cap value | 16,297 | — | 16,297 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap growth | 49,811 | — | 49,811 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap value | 51,655 | — | 51,655 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap passive | 56,194 | — | 56,194 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US core | 36,358 | — | 36,358 | — | |||||||||||
Emerging markets | 12,713 | — | 12,713 | — | |||||||||||
Fixed income securities:(2) | |||||||||||||||
US core opportunistic | 90,742 | — | 90,742 | — | |||||||||||
US passive | 48,710 | — | 48,710 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration | 6,455 | — | 6,455 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration investment grade | 7,091 | — | 7,091 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration passive | 5,239 | — | 5,239 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US passive | 46,856 | — | 46,856 | — | |||||||||||
Active long corporate | 18,540 | — | 18,540 | — | |||||||||||
Participating group annuity contract | 9,538 | — | 9,538 | — | |||||||||||
$ | 472,936 | $ | — | $ | 472,936 | $ | — | ||||||||
Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 533 | — | $ | 533 | — | |||||||||
Equity securities: (1) | |||||||||||||||
US small/mid cap growth | 567 | — | 567 | — | |||||||||||
US small/mid cap value | 567 | — | 567 | — | |||||||||||
S&P 500 index | 6,360 | — | 6,360 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap growth | 132 | — | 132 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap value | 139 | — | 139 | — | |||||||||||
US large cap passive | 151 | — | 151 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US core | 1,323 | — | 1,323 | — | |||||||||||
Emerging markets | 108 | — | 108 | — | |||||||||||
Fixed income securities: (2) | |||||||||||||||
Passive bond market | 1,205 | — | 1,205 | — | |||||||||||
US core opportunistic | 4,440 | — | 4,440 | — | |||||||||||
US passive | 138 | — | 138 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration | 16 | — | 16 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration investment grade | 21 | — | 21 | — | |||||||||||
Long duration passive | 16 | — | 16 | — | |||||||||||
Non-US passive | 124 | — | 124 | — | |||||||||||
Active long corporate | 53 | — | 53 | — | |||||||||||
$ | 15,893 | $ | — | $ | 15,893 | $ | — | ||||||||
_________________
(1) | This category consists of active and passive managed equity funds, which are invested in multiple strategies to diversify risks and reduce volatility. |
(2) This category consists of investment grade bonds of issuers from diverse industries, debt securities issued by international, national, state and local governments, and asset-backed securities. This includes both active and passive managed funds.
For further discussion of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy see Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements.
F-36
Cash Flows
In accordance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA), and the relief provisions of the Worker, Retiree, and Employer Recovery Act of 2008 (WRERA), we are required to meet minimum funding levels in order to avoid required contributions and benefit restrictions. We have elected to use asset smoothing provided by the WRERA, which allows the use of asset averaging, including expected returns (subject to certain limitations), for a 24-month period in the determination of funding requirements.
Based on the assumptions allowed under the PPA, WRERA, Treasury guidance and IRS guidance, we estimate that our minimum annual required contribution for 2014 will be approximately $10.2 million. Additional legislative or regulatory measures, as well as fluctuations in financial market conditions, may impact these funding requirements.
Due to the regulatory treatment of pension costs in Montana, pension expense through 2012 was calculated using the average of our actual and estimated funding amounts from 2005 through 2012. Pension expense for 2013 was based on actual contributions to the plan. Annual contributions to each of the pension plans are as follows (in thousands):
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||
NorthWestern Energy Pension Plan (MT) | $ | 10,500 | $ | 10,500 | $ | 10,500 | |||||
NorthWestern Pension Plan (SD) | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 | ||||||||
$ | 11,700 | $ | 11,700 | $ | 11,700 | ||||||
We estimate the plans will make future benefit payments to participants as follows (in thousands):
Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement Benefits | ||||||
2014 | $ | 26,648 | $ | 3,585 | |||
2015 | 27,855 | 3,494 | |||||
2016 | 29,850 | 3,388 | |||||
2017 | 31,016 | 3,237 | |||||
2018 | 32,472 | 3,082 | |||||
2019-2023 | 182,212 | 12,107 | |||||
Defined Contribution Plan
Our defined contribution plan permits employees to defer receipt of compensation as provided in Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the plan, employees may elect to direct a percentage of their gross compensation to be contributed to the plan. We contribute various percentage amounts of the employee's gross compensation contributed to the plan. Matching contributions for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were $7.8 million, $7.2 million, and $6.7 million, respectively.
(17) Stock-Based Compensation
We grant stock-based awards through our 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), which includes restricted stock awards and performance share awards. As of December 31, 2013, there were 662,507 shares of common stock remaining available for grants. The remaining vesting period for awards previously granted ranges from one to five years if the service and/or performance requirements are met. Nonvested shares do not receive dividend distributions. The long-term incentive plan provides for accelerated vesting in the event of a change in control.
We account for our share-based compensation arrangements by recognizing compensation costs for all share-based awards over the respective service period for employee services received in exchange for an award of equity or equity-based compensation. The compensation cost is based on the fair value of the grant on the date it was awarded.
F-37
Restricted Stock and Performance Share Awards
Performance share awards were granted under the 2005 LTIP during 2013 and 2012. With these awards, shares will vest if, at the end of the three-year performance period, we have achieved certain performance goals and the individual remains employed by us. The exact number of shares issued will vary from 0% to 200% of the target award, depending on actual company performance relative to the performance goals. These awards contain both a market and performance based component. The performance goals for these awards are independent of each other and equally weighted, and are based on two metrics: (i) cumulative net income and average return on equity; and (ii) total shareholder return (TSR) relative to a peer group.
Fair value is determined for each component of the performance share awards. The fair value of the net income component is estimated based upon the closing market price of our common stock as of the date of grant less the present value of expected dividends, multiplied by an estimated performance multiple determined on the basis of historical experience, which is subsequently trued up at vesting based on actual performance. The fair value of the TSR portion is estimated using a statistical model that incorporates the probability of meeting performance targets based on historical returns relative to the peer group. The fair value of restricted stock is measured based upon the closing market price of our common stock as of the date of grant less the present value of expected dividends. The following summarizes the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of performance shares and related compensation expense as well as the resulting estimated fair value of performance shares granted:
2013 | 2012 | ||||
Risk-free interest rate | 0.44 | % | 0.38 | % | |
Expected life, in years | 3 | 3 | |||
Expected volatility | 16.3% to 25.4% | 20.2% to 34.2% | |||
Dividend yield | 3.9 | % | 4.1 | % | |
The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield of a three-year bond at the time of grant. The expected term of the performance shares is three years based on the performance cycle. Expected volatility was based on the historical volatility for the peer group. Both performance goals are measured over the three-year vesting period and are charged to compensation expense over the vesting period based on the number of shares expected to vest.
A summary of nonvested shares as of and changes during the year ended December 31, 2013, are as follows:
Performance Share Awards | Restricted Stock Awards | ||||||||||||
Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
Beginning nonvested grants | 186,755 | $ | 22.64 | 1,000 | $ | 24.77 | |||||||
Granted | 88,592 | 32.97 | 2,500 | 35.78 | |||||||||
Vested | (100,402 | ) | 20.48 | (3,500 | ) | 32.63 | |||||||
Forfeited | (1,299 | ) | 25.33 | — | — | ||||||||
Remaining nonvested grants | 173,646 | $ | 29.14 | — | $ | — | |||||||
We recognized compensation expense of $2.4 million, $2.8 million, and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively, and a related income tax benefit of $1.5 million, $0.4 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, we had $3.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested portion of outstanding awards, which is reflected as nonvested stock as a portion of additional paid in capital in our Statement of Common Shareholders' Equity. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. The total fair value of shares vested was $2.2 million, $2.0 million, and $2.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Retirement/Retention Restricted Share Awards
In December 2011, an executive retirement / retention program was established that provides for the annual grant of restricted share units. These awards are subject to a five-year performance and vesting period. The performance measure for these awards requires net income for the calendar year of at least three of the five full calendar years during the performance period to exceed net income for the calendar year the awards are granted. Once vested, the awards will be paid out in shares of common stock in five equal annual installments after a recipient has separated from service. The fair value of these awards is
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measured based upon the closing market price of our common stock as of the date of grant less the present value of expected dividends.
A summary of nonvested shares as of and changes during the year ended December 31, 2013, are as follows:
Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |||||
Beginning nonvested grants | 17,537 | $ | 27.70 | |||
Granted | 9,091 | 35.14 | ||||
Vested | — | — | ||||
Forfeited | — | — | ||||
Remaining nonvested grants | 26,628 | $ | 30.24 | |||
Director's Deferred Compensation
Nonemployee directors may elect to defer up to 100% of any qualified compensation that would be otherwise payable to him or her, subject to compliance with our 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan for Nonemployee Directors and Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. The deferred compensation may be invested in NorthWestern stock or in designated investment funds. Compensation deferred in a particular month is recorded as a deferred stock unit (DSU) on the first of the following month based on the closing price of NorthWestern stock or the designated investment fund. The DSUs are marked-to-market on a quarterly basis with an adjustment to director’s compensation expense. Based on the election of the nonemployee director, following separation from service on the Board, other than on account of death, he or she shall be paid a distribution either in a lump sum or in approximately equal installments over a designated number of years (not to exceed 10 years). During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, DSUs issued to members of our Board totaled 33,837, 31,801 and 31,032, respectively. Total compensation expense attributable to the DSUs during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $3.6 million, $0.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively.
(18) Common Stock
We have 250,000,000 shares authorized consisting of 200,000,000 shares of common stock with a $0.01 par value and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a $0.01 par value. Of these shares, 2,265,957 shares of common stock are reserved for the incentive plan awards. For further detail of grants under this plan see Note 17 - Stock-Based Compensation.
In April 2012, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $100 million. During 2013, we issued 1,381,494 shares of our common stock at an average price of $41.61 per share, for net proceeds of $56.8 million. During the three months ended December 31, 2013, we issued 278,914 shares at an average price of $46.17, for net proceeds of $12.7 million, which is net of sales commissions of approximately $129,000, and other fees.
Repurchase of Common Stock
Shares tendered by employees to us to satisfy the employees' tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards totaled 34,552 and 22,789 during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are reflected in treasury stock. These shares were credited to treasury stock based on their fair market value on the vesting date.
(19) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing earnings applicable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of common stock equivalent shares that could occur if unvested shares were to vest. Common stock equivalent shares are calculated using the treasury stock method, as applicable. The dilutive effect is computed by dividing earnings applicable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the effect of the outstanding unvested restricted stock and performance share awards. Average shares used in computing the basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:
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December 31, | |||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||
Basic computation | 38,144,852 | 36,847,427 | |||
Dilutive effect of | |||||
Restricted stock and performance share awards (1) | 82,223 | 193,473 | |||
Diluted computation | 38,227,075 | 37,040,900 | |||
_____________________
(1) Performance share awards are included in diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding based upon what would be issued if the end of the most recent reporting period was the end of the term of the award.
(20) Commitments and Contingencies
Qualifying Facilities Liability
Our QF liability primarily consists of unrecoverable costs associated with three contracts covered under the PURPA. The QFs require us to purchase minimum amounts of energy at prices ranging from $74 to $136 per MWH through 2029. Our estimated gross contractual obligation related to the QFs is approximately $1.1 billion through 2029. A portion of the costs incurred to purchase this energy is recoverable through rates, totaling approximately $0.9 billion through 2029. The present value of the remaining QF liability is recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a regulatory disallowance liability pursuant to ASC 980. The following summarizes the change in the QF liability (in thousands):
December 31, | |||||||
2013 | 2012 | ||||||
Beginning QF liability | $ | 136,652 | $ | 184,187 | |||
Gain on CELP arbitration decision | — | (47,894 | ) | ||||
Unrecovered amount | (10,647 | ) | (12,014 | ) | |||
Interest expense | 10,443 | 12,373 | |||||
Ending QF liability | $ | 136,448 | $ | 136,652 | |||
See Note 3 - Acquisitions and Significant Events for additional discussion related to the adjustment of the QF liability related to the CELP arbitration decision in 2012.
The following summarizes the estimated gross contractual obligation less amounts recoverable through rates (in thousands):
Gross Obligation | Recoverable Amounts | Net | |||||||||
2014 | $ | 67,283 | $ | 56,025 | $ | 11,258 | |||||
2015 | 69,606 | 56,598 | 13,008 | ||||||||
2016 | 71,598 | 57,188 | 14,410 | ||||||||
2017 | 73,622 | 57,789 | 15,833 | ||||||||
2018 | 75,688 | 58,401 | 17,287 | ||||||||
Thereafter | 724,574 | 567,215 | 157,359 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 1,082,371 | $ | 853,216 | $ | 229,155 | |||||
Long Term Supply and Capacity Purchase Obligations
We have entered into various commitments, largely purchased power, coal and natural gas supply and natural gas transportation contracts. These commitments range from one to 28 years. Costs incurred under these contracts were approximately $379.4 million, $340.8 million and $390.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, our commitments under these contracts are $305.8 million in 2014, $202.6 million in 2015, $160.7 million in 2016, $136.7 million in 2017, $108.6 million in 2018, and $1,143.4 million thereafter. These commitments are not reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Environmental Liabilities
The operation of electric generating, transmission and distribution facilities, and gas gathering, transportation and distribution facilities, along with the development (involving site selection, environmental assessments, and permitting) and construction of these assets, are subject to extensive federal, state, and local environmental and land use laws and regulations. Our activities involve compliance with diverse laws and regulations that address emissions and impacts to the environment, including air and water, protection of natural resources, avian and wildlife. We monitor federal, state, and local environmental initiatives to determine potential impacts on our financial results. As new laws or regulations are implemented, our policy is to assess their applicability and implement the necessary modifications to our facilities or their operation to maintain ongoing compliance.
Our environmental exposure includes a number of components, including remediation expenses related to the cleanup of current or former properties, and costs to comply with changing environmental regulations related to our operations. At present, the majority of our environmental reserve relates to the remediation of former manufactured gas plant sites owned by us. We use a combination of site investigations and monitoring to formulate an estimate of environmental remediation costs for specific sites. Our monitoring procedures and development of actual remediation plans depend not only on site specific information but also on coordination with the different environmental regulatory agencies in our respective jurisdictions; therefore, while remediation exposure exists, it may be many years before costs are incurred.
Our liability for environmental remediation obligations is estimated to range between $27.3 million to $35.0 million, primarily for manufactured gas plants discussed below. As of December 31, 2013, we have a reserve of approximately $29.9 million, which has not been discounted. Environmental costs are recorded when it is probable we are liable for the remediation and we can reasonably estimate the liability. Over time, as costs become determinable, we may seek authorization to recover such costs in rates or seek insurance reimbursement as applicable; therefore, although we cannot guarantee regulatory recovery, we do not expect these costs to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Manufactured Gas Plants - Approximately $23.3 million of our environmental reserve accrual is related to manufactured gas plants. A formerly operated manufactured gas plant located in Aberdeen, South Dakota, has been identified on the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System list as contaminated with coal tar residue. We are currently conducting feasibility studies and implementing remedial actions at the Aberdeen site pursuant to work plans approved by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Our current reserve for remediation costs at this site is approximately $12.0 million, and we estimate that approximately $9.0 million of this amount will be incurred during the next five years.
We also own sites in North Platte, Kearney and Grand Island, Nebraska on which former manufactured gas facilities were located. In February 2011, the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) completed an Abbreviated Preliminary Assessment and Site Investigation Report for Grand Island, which recommended additional ground water testing. In April of 2012, we received a letter from NDEQ regarding a recently completed Vapor Intrusion Assessment Report and an invitation to join NDEQ's Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP). We declined NDEQ's offer to join its VCP and committed to conducting a limited soil vapor investigation, which was completed in July 2012. We are currently working independently to fully characterize the nature and extent of impacts associated with the Grand Island former manufactured gas plant as well as the North Platte and Kearney sites. Our reserve estimate includes assumptions for site assessment and remedial action work. At present, we cannot determine with a reasonable degree of certainty the nature and timing of any risk-based remedial action at our Nebraska locations.
In addition, we own or have responsibility for sites in Butte, Missoula and Helena, Montana on which former manufactured gas plants were located. An investigation conducted at the Missoula site did not require remediation activities, but required preparation of a groundwater monitoring plan. The Butte and Helena sites were placed into the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) voluntary remediation program for cleanup due to soil and groundwater impacts. Voluntary soil and coal tar removals were conducted in the past at the Butte and Helena locations in accordance with MDEQ requirements. We have conducted additional groundwater monitoring at the Butte and Missoula sites and, at this time, we believe natural attenuation should address the conditions at these sites; however, additional groundwater monitoring will be necessary and additional monitoring wells will be installed at the Butte site. Monitoring of groundwater at the Helena site is ongoing and will be necessary for an extended period of time. At this time, we cannot estimate with a reasonable degree of certainty the nature and timing of risk-based remedial action at the Helena site or if any additional actions beyond monitored natural attenuation will be required.
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Global Climate Change - National and international actions have been initiated to address global climate change and the contribution of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) including, most significantly, carbon dioxide. These actions include legislative proposals, Executive and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) actions at the federal level, actions at the state level, and private party litigation relating to GHG emissions. Coal-fired plants have come under particular scrutiny due to their level of GHG emissions. We have joint ownership interests in four electric generating plants, all of which are coal fired and operated by other companies. We have undivided interests in these facilities and are responsible for our proportionate share of the capital and operating costs while being entitled to our proportionate share of the power generated.
While numerous bills have been introduced that address climate change from different perspectives, including through direct regulation of GHG emissions, the establishment of cap and trade programs and the establishment of Federal renewable portfolio standards, Congress has not passed any federal climate change legislation and we cannot predict the timing or form of any potential legislation. In the absence of such legislation, EPA is presently regulating GHG emissions of the very largest emitters, including large power plants, under the Clean Air Act, and specifically under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) pre-construction permit and Title V operating permit programs.
On January 8, 2014, the EPA reproposed New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) that specify permissible levels of GHG emissions from newly-constructed fossil fuel-fired electric generating units. As directed by President Obama's June 25, 2013, Climate Action Plan, the EPA also intends to establish, pursuant to Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act, carbon dioxide emissions standards for existing fossil fuel fired electric generating units. EPA plans to propose regulations and guidelines addressing GHG emissions for existing units by June 1, 2014, and finalize those guidelines by June 1, 2015. States must then submit their individual plans for reducing power plants' GHG emissions to EPA by June 30, 2016. Thus, it is possible that existing power plants may be required to comply with GHG performance standards as soon as July 2016.
The U.S. Supreme Court is expected to hear oral arguments on February 24, 2014 on the challenge to EPA's GHG regulations, including the Tailoring Rule which limits the sources subject to GHG permitting requirements to the largest fossil-fueled power plants. It is conceivable that the Court could invalidate EPA's PSD and Title V Tailoring Rule, but still leave power plants subject to anticipated new and existing source performance standards for GHG.
Physical impacts of climate change may present potential risks for severe weather, such as floods and tornadoes, in the locations where we operate or have interests. Furthermore, requirements to reduce GHG emissions from stationary sources could cause us to incur material costs of compliance and increase our costs of procuring electricity. In addition, we believe future legislation and regulations that affect GHG emissions from power plants are likely, although technology to efficiently capture, remove and/or sequester such emissions may not be available within a timeframe consistent with the implementation of such requirements. We cannot predict with any certainty whether these risks will have a material impact on our operations.
Coal Combustion Residuals (CCRs) - In June 2010, the EPA proposed two approaches to regulating the disposal and management of CCRs under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). CCRs include fly ash, bottom ash and scrubber wastes. Under one approach, the EPA would regulate CCRs as special wastes subject to regulation under subtitle C, the hazardous waste provisions, of RCRA. This approach would have significant impacts on coal-fired plants, and would require plants to retrofit their operations to comply with hazardous waste requirements from the generation of CCRs and associated waste waters through transportation and disposal. This could also have a negative impact on the beneficial use of CCRs and the current markets associated with such use. The second approach would regulate CCRs as a solid waste under Subtitle D of RCRA. This approach would only affect disposal, most significantly any wet disposal, of CCRs. In a January 2014 consent decree in the case Appalachian Voices v. McCarthy, the EPA agreed to take final action with respect to the CCR regulations by December 19, 2014. In addition, legislation has been introduced in Congress to regulate coal ash. We cannot predict at this time the final requirements of any CCR regulations or legislation and what impact, if any, they would have on us, but the costs of complying with any such requirements could be significant.
Water Intakes and Discharges - Section 316(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that the location, design, construction and capacity of any cooling water intake structure reflect the “best available technology” for minimizing environmental impacts. Permits required for existing facilities are to be developed by the individual states using their best professional judgment until the EPA takes action to address several court decisions that rejected portions of previous rules and confirmed that the EPA has discretion to consider costs relative to benefits in developing cooling water intake structure regulations. In March 2011, the EPA proposed a rule to address impingement and entrainment of aquatic organisms at existing cooling water intake structures. Pursuant to a settlement agreement, the EPA was required to take final action on the regulations by January 14, 2014, but the EPA did not meet the settlement deadline and it is working to complete the final rule for cooling water intakes as soon as possible. When a final rule is issued and implemented, additional capital and/or increased operating costs may be required. The costs of complying with any such final water intake standards are not currently determinable, but could be significant.
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In April 2013, the EPA proposed CWA regulations to address mercury, arsenic, lead, and selenium in water discharged from power plants. The proposed regulations include a variety of options for whether and how these different waste streams should be treated. The EPA is expected to evaluate comments on all of these options prior to enacting final regulations. Under the proposed approach, new requirements for existing power plants would be phased in between 2017 and 2022. The EPA also announced its intention to align this CWA rule with the related rule for CCRs discussed above. The EPA is under a consent decree to take final action by May 22, 2014. The EPA estimates that over half of the existing power plants will not incur costs under any of the proposed options because many power plants already have the technology and procedures in place to meet the proposed pollution control standards; however, it is too early to determine whether the impacts of these rules will be material.
Clean Air Act Rules and Associated Emission Control Equipment Expenditures
The EPA has proposed or issued a number of rules under different provisions of the Clean Air Act that could require the installation of emission control equipment at the generation plants where we have joint ownership.
The Clean Air Visibility Rule was issued by the EPA in June 2005, to address regional haze in national parks and wilderness areas across the United States. The Clean Air Visibility Rule requires the installation and operation of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) to achieve emissions reductions from designated sources (including certain electric generating units) that are deemed to cause or contribute to visibility impairment in such 'Class I' areas.
In December 2011, the EPA issued a final rule relating to Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS). Among other things, the MATS set stringent emission limits for acid gases, mercury, and other hazardous air pollutants from new and existing electric generating units. Facilities that are subject to the MATS must come into compliance within three years after the effective date of the rule (or by 2015) unless a one year extension is granted on a case-by-case basis. Numerous challenges to the MATS have been filed with the EPA and in Federal court and we cannot predict the outcome of such challenges.
In July 2011, the EPA finalized the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) to reduce emissions from electric generating units that interfere with the ability of downwind states to achieve ambient air quality standards. Under CSAPR, significant reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were to be required in certain states beginning in 2012. On December 10, 2013, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments on the review of the D.C. Circuit's 2012 decision which vacated the CSAPR.
In October 2013, the Supreme Court denied certiorari in Luminant Generation Co v. EPA, which challenged the EPA’s current approach to regulating air emissions during startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) events. As a result, fossil fuel power plants may need to address SSM in their permits to reduce the risk of enforcement or citizen actions.
In September 2012, a final Federal Implementation Plan for Montana was published in the Federal Register to address regional haze. As finalized, Colstrip Unit 4 does not have to improve removal efficiency for pollutants that contribute to regional haze. By 2018, Montana, or EPA, must develop a revised Plan that demonstrates reasonable progress toward eliminating man made emissions of visibility impairing pollutants, which could impact Colstrip Unit 4. In November 2012, National Parks Conservation Association, Montana Environmental Information Center, and Sierra Club jointly filed a petition for review of the Federal Implementation Plan in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Montana Environmental Information Center and Sierra Club have challenged the EPA's decision not to require any emissions reductions from Colstrip Units 3 and 4. At this time, we cannot predict or determine the timing or outcome of this petition.
We have joint ownership in generation plants located in South Dakota, North Dakota, Iowa and Montana that are or may become subject to various regulations that have been issued or proposed under the Clean Air Act, as discussed below.
South Dakota. The South Dakota DENR determined that the Big Stone Plant, of which we have a 23.4% ownership, is subject to the BART requirements of the Regional Haze Rule. South Dakota DENR's State Implementation Plan (SIP) was approved by the EPA in May 2012. Under the SIP, the Big Stone plant must install and operate a new BART compliant air quality control system (AQCS) to reduce SO2, NOx and particulate emissions as expeditiously as practicable, but no later than five years after the EPA's approval of the SIP. The current project cost for the AQCS is estimated to be approximately $405 million (our share is 23.4%) and it is expected to be operational by 2016. As of December 31, 2013, we have capitalized costs of approximately $40.5 million related to this project.
Our incremental capital expenditure projections include amounts related to our share of the BART at Big Stone based on current estimates. We could, however, face additional capital or financing costs. We will seek to recover any such costs through
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the regulatory process. The South Dakota Public Utilities Commission has historically allowed timely recovery of the costs of environmental improvements; however, there is no precedent on a project of this size.
Based on the finalized MATS, Big Stone will meet the requirements by installing the AQCS system and using activated carbon injection for mercury control. In August 2013, the South Dakota DENR granted Big Stone a one year extension to comply with MATS, such that the new compliance deadline is April 16, 2016. New mercury emissions monitoring equipment will also be required.
North Dakota. The North Dakota Regional Haze SIP requires the Coyote generating facility, of which we have 10% ownership, to reduce its NOx emissions. Coyote must install control equipment to limit its NOx emissions to 0.5 pounds per million Btu as calculated on a 30-day rolling average basis, including periods of start-up and shutdown, beginning on July 1, 2018. The current estimate of the total cost of the project is approximately $9.0 million (our share is 10.0%).
Based on the finalized MATS, Coyote will meet the requirements by using activated carbon injection for mercury control.
Iowa. The Neal #4 generating facility, of which we have an 8.7% ownership, is installing a scrubber, a baghouse, activated carbon and a selective non-catalytic reduction system to comply with national ambient air quality standards and the MATS. The plant began incurring costs in 2011 and the project was substantially completed in 2013. Our share (8.7%) of the capitalized costs related to this project were approximately $22.6 million.
Montana. Colstrip Unit 4, a coal fired generating facility in which we have a 30% interest, is currently controlling emissions of mercury under regulations issued by the State of Montana, which are stricter than the Federal MATS. The owners do not believe additional equipment will be necessary to meet the MATS for mercury, and anticipate meeting all other expected MATS emissions limitations required by the rule without additional costs except those costs related to increased monitoring frequency. These additional costs are not expected to be significant.
See 'Legal Proceedings - Colstrip Litigation' below for discussion of Sierra Club litigation.
Other - We continue to manage equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) oil in accordance with the EPA's Toxic Substance Control Act regulations. We will continue to use certain PCB-contaminated equipment for its remaining useful life and will, thereafter, dispose of the equipment according to pertinent regulations that govern the use and disposal of such equipment.
We routinely engage the services of a third-party environmental consulting firm to assist in performing a comprehensive evaluation of our environmental reserve. Based upon information available at this time, we believe that the current environmental reserve properly reflects our remediation exposure for the sites currently and previously owned by us. The portion of our environmental reserve applicable to site remediation may be subject to change as a result of the following uncertainties:
• | We may not know all sites for which we are alleged or will be found to be responsible for remediation; and |
• | Absent performance of certain testing at sites where we have been identified as responsible for remediation, we cannot estimate with a reasonable degree of certainty the total costs of remediation. |
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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Colstrip Litigation
On March 6, 2013, the Sierra Club and the MEIC (Plaintiffs) filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Montana against the six individual owners of Colstrip, including us, as well as the operator or managing agent of the station. On September 27, 2013, Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief. The original complaint included 39 claims for relief based upon alleged violations of the Clean Air Act and the Montana State Implementation Plan. The Amended Complaint drops claims associated with projects completed before 2001, the Title V claims and the opacity claims. There are now a total of 23 claims.
In the Amended Complaint, Plaintiffs have identified physical changes made at Colstrip between 2001 and 2012, which they allege have increased emissions of SO2, NOx and particulate matter and were “major modifications” subject to permitting requirements under the Clean Air Act. They also have alleged violations of the requirements related to Part 70 Operating Permits. Plaintiffs seek injunctive and declaratory relief, civil penalties (including $100,000 of civil penalties to be used for beneficial environmental projects), and recovery of their attorney fees.
On May 3, 2013, the Colstrip owners and operator filed a partial motion to dismiss, seeking dismissal of 36 of the 39 claims asserted in the original complaint. The motion was not ruled upon and the Colstrip owners filed a second motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint on October 11, 2013, incorporating parts of the first motion and supplementing it with new authorities and with regard to new claims contained in the Amended Complaint. The Court has not ruled on the second motion to dismiss.
On September 12, 2013, Plaintiffs filed a motion for partial summary judgment as to the applicable method for calculating emissions increases from modifications. The Court has not ruled on Plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment.
We intend to vigorously defend this lawsuit. Due to the preliminary nature of the lawsuit, at this time, we cannot predict an outcome, nor is it reasonably possible to estimate the amount or range of loss, if any, that would be associated with an adverse decision.
Other Legal Proceedings
We are also subject to various other legal proceedings, governmental audits and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to these other actions will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
(21) Segment and Related Information
Our reportable business segments are primarily engaged in the electric and natural gas business. The remainder of our operations are presented as other, which is not considered a business unit. Other primarily consists of a remaining unregulated natural gas capacity contract, the wind down of our captive insurance subsidiary and our unallocated corporate costs.
We evaluate the performance of these segments based on gross margin. The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as the parent except that the parent allocates some of its operating expenses to the operating segments according to a methodology designed by management for internal reporting purposes and involves estimates and assumptions.
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Financial data for the business segments are as follows (in thousands):
December 31, 2013 | Electric | Gas | Other | Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 865,239 | 287,605 | $ | 1,675 | $ | — | $ | 1,154,519 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | 358,688 | 120,858 | — | — | 479,546 | ||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 506,551 | 166,747 | 1,675 | — | 674,973 | ||||||||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | 195,100 | 78,822 | 11,647 | — | 285,569 | ||||||||||||||
Property and other taxes | 78,536 | 26,993 | 11 | — | 105,540 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 89,728 | 23,070 | 33 | — | 112,831 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 143,187 | 37,862 | (10,016 | ) | — | 171,033 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense | (57,920 | ) | (9,993 | ) | (2,573 | ) | — | (70,486 | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | 4,061 | 1,239 | 2,437 | — | 7,737 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (13,905 | ) | (4,134 | ) | 3,738 | — | (14,301 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 75,423 | $ | 24,974 | $ | (6,414 | ) | $ | — | $ | 93,983 | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 2,583,554 | $ | 1,117,861 | $ | 13,845 | $ | — | $ | 3,715,260 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 198,032 | $ | 32,422 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 230,454 | |||||||||
December 31, 2012 | Electric | Gas | Other | Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 805,554 | $ | 263,394 | $ | 1,394 | $ | — | $ | 1,070,342 | |||||||||
Cost of sales | 277,826 | 117,608 | — | — | 395,434 | ||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 527,728 | 145,786 | 1,394 | — | 674,908 | ||||||||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | 187,599 | 75,971 | 6,396 | — | 269,966 | ||||||||||||||
MSTI impairment | 24,039 | — | — | — | 24,039 | ||||||||||||||
Property and other taxes | 72,755 | 24,907 | 12 | — | 97,674 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 86,559 | 19,452 | 33 | — | 106,044 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 156,776 | 25,456 | (5,047 | ) | — | 177,185 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense | (55,118 | ) | (9,063 | ) | (881 | ) | — | (65,062 | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | 2,630 | 1,633 | 109 | — | 4,372 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (22,298 | ) | (692 | ) | 4,901 | — | (18,089 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 81,990 | $ | 17,334 | $ | (918 | ) | $ | — | $ | 98,406 | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 2,442,602 | $ | 1,032,259 | $ | 10,672 | $ | — | $ | 3,485,533 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 178,325 | $ | 40,909 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 219,234 | |||||||||
December 31, 2011 | Electric | Gas | Other | Eliminations | Total | ||||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 797,562 | $ | 318,335 | $ | 1,419 | $ | — | $ | 1,117,316 | |||||||||
Cost of sales | 327,126 | 167,433 | — | — | 494,559 | ||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 470,436 | 150,902 | 1,419 | — | 622,757 | ||||||||||||||
Operating, general and administrative | 183,503 | 80,431 | 3,226 | — | 267,160 | ||||||||||||||
Property and other taxes | 66,425 | 22,686 | 11 | — | 89,122 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 81,859 | 19,034 | 33 | — | 100,926 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 138,649 | 28,751 | (1,851 | ) | — | 165,549 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense | (54,394 | ) | (10,432 | ) | (2,033 | ) | — | (66,859 | ) | ||||||||||
Other income | 2,563 | 1,258 | 110 | — | 3,931 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (14,049 | ) | (3,472 | ) | 7,456 | — | (10,065 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 72,769 | $ | 16,105 | $ | 3,682 | $ | — | $ | 92,556 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 2,259,189 | $ | 938,876 | $ | 12,373 | $ | — | $ | 3,210,438 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 146,576 | $ | 42,154 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 188,730 | |||||||||
F-46
(22) Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Our quarterly financial information has not been audited, but, in management's opinion, includes all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation. Our business is seasonal in nature with the peak sales periods generally occurring during the summer and winter months. Accordingly, comparisons among quarters of a year may not represent overall trends and changes in operations. Amounts presented are in thousands, except per share data:
2013 | First | Second | Third | Fourth | ||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 313,020 | $ | 260,161 | $ | 262,248 | $ | 319,090 | ||||||||
Operating income | 57,010 | 32,660 | 31,401 | 49,962 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 37,902 | $ | 14,341 | $ | 15,647 | $ | 26,093 | ||||||||
Average common shares outstanding | 37,384 | 38,092 | 38,459 | 38,626 | ||||||||||||
Income per average common share (basic): | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.67 | ||||||||
Income per average common share (diluted): | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.68 | ||||||||
Dividends per share | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||||
Stock price: | ||||||||||||||||
High | $ | 40.35 | $ | 43.17 | $ | 45.85 | $ | 47.18 | ||||||||
Low | 35.06 | 38.12 | 39.08 | 41.31 | ||||||||||||
Quarter-end close | 39.86 | 39.90 | 44.92 | 43.32 | ||||||||||||
2012 | First | Second | Third | Fourth | ||||||||||||
Operating revenues | $ | 309,100 | $ | 244,603 | $ | 235,866 | $ | 280,773 | ||||||||
Operating income | 55,033 | 28,720 | 4,409 | 89,024 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 32,043 | $ | 11,438 | $ | (3,772 | ) | $ | 58,697 | |||||||
Average common shares outstanding | 36,328 | 36,635 | 37,201 | 37,218 | ||||||||||||
Income per average common share (basic): | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.88 | $ | 0.31 | $ | (0.10 | ) | $ | 1.58 | |||||||
Income per average common share (diluted): | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.88 | $ | 0.31 | $ | (0.10 | ) | $ | 1.57 | |||||||
Dividends per share | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.37 | ||||||||
Stock price: | ||||||||||||||||
High | $ | 36.39 | $ | 37.05 | $ | 37.96 | $ | 36.70 | ||||||||
Low | 34.22 | 33.72 | 35.44 | 32.98 | ||||||||||||
Quarter-end close | 35.46 | 36.70 | 36.23 | 34.73 | ||||||||||||
We recorded a pre-tax gain of approximately $47.9 million within cost of sales in the Consolidated Income Statements during the fourth quarter of 2012 associated with the CELP arbitration decision. See Note 3 - Acquisitions and Significant Events for further detail.
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SCHEDULE II. VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
NORTHWESTERN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Column A | Column B | Column C | Column D | Column E | |||||||||||
Balance at Beginning of Period | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Deductions | Balance End of Period | ||||||||||||
Description | (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013 | |||||||||||||||
RESERVES DEDUCTED FROM APPLICABLE ASSETS | |||||||||||||||
Uncollectible accounts | $ | 3,238 | $ | 4,167 | $ | (2,953 | ) | $ | 4,452 | ||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
RESERVES DEDUCTED FROM APPLICABLE ASSETS | |||||||||||||||
Uncollectible accounts | 2,930 | 2,706 | (2,398 | ) | 3,238 | ||||||||||
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||
RESERVES DEDUCTED FROM APPLICABLE ASSETS | |||||||||||||||
Uncollectible accounts | 2,875 | 3,289 | (3,234 | ) | 2,930 | ||||||||||
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