NOV Inc. - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015

OR

Commission file number 1-12317

NATIONAL OILWELL VARCO, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

7909 Parkwood Circle Drive, Houston, Texas 77036-6565

(Address of principal executive offices)

(713) 346-7500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2015 was $18.7 billion. As of February 12, 2016, there were 375,800,956 shares of the Company’s common stock ($0.01 par value) outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the Proxy Statement in connection with the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated in Part III of this report.

Table of Contents

FORM 10-K

PART I

General

National Oilwell Varco, Inc. (“NOV” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1995, is a leading worldwide provider in the design, manufacture and sale of equipment and components used in oil and gas drilling, completion and production operations, and the provision of oilfield services to the upstream oil and gas industry. The Company conducts operations in approximately 835 locations across six continents.

The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 7909 Parkwood Circle Drive, Houston, Texas 77036, its telephone number is (713) 346-7500. Further information about the Company’s products and services can be found on its website at: http://www.nov.com . The Company’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments thereto, are available free of charge on its Internet website. These reports are posted on the website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company’s Code of Ethics is also posted on its website.

The Company has a long tradition of pioneering innovations which improve the cost-effectiveness, efficiency, safety and environmental impact of oil and gas operations. The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NOV”. The Company operates through four reporting segments: Rig Systems, Rig Aftermarket, Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions.

On May 30, 2014, the Company completed the spin-off of its distribution business into an independent public company named NOW Inc., which trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “DNOW”. After the close of the New York Stock Exchange on May 30, 2014, stockholders of record as of May 22, 2014 (the “Record Date”) received one share of NOW Inc. common stock for every four NOV common shares they held as of the Record Date. No fractional shares of NOW Inc. common stock were distributed. The transfer agent aggregated any fractional shares into whole shares, sold those whole shares in the open market at prevailing rates and distributed the net cash proceeds, after deducting any taxes required to be withheld and brokerage charges and commissions, pro rata to each holder who would otherwise have been entitled to receive fractional shares in the distribution. Our operating segments were realigned upon separation of NOW Inc., and as a result, all prior periods are presented on this basis. Results of operations related to NOW Inc. have been classified as discontinued operations in all periods presented on Form 10-K.

Rig Systems

The Company’s Rig Systems segment makes and supports the capital equipment and integrated systems needed to drill oil and gas wells on land and offshore. The segment designs, manufactures and sells land rigs, offshore drilling equipment packages, including installation and commissioning services, and drilling rig components that mechanize and automate the drilling process and rig functionality.

Equipment and technologies in Rig Systems include: substructures, derricks, and masts; cranes; pipe lifting, racking, rotating, and assembly systems; fluid transfer technologies, such as mud pumps; pressure control equipment, including blowout preventers; power transmission systems, including drives and generators; and rig instrumentation and control systems.

Rig Systems supports land and offshore drillers. Demand for the segment’s products depends on drilling contractors’ and oil and gas companies’ capital spending plans, specifically capital expenditures on rig construction and refurbishment.

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Rig Aftermarket

The Company’s Rig Aftermarket segment provides comprehensive aftermarket products and services to support land and offshore rigs, and drilling rig components manufactured by the Company’s Rig Systems segment.

The segment provides spare parts, repair, and rentals as well as technical support, field service and first well support, field engineering, and customer training through a network of aftermarket service and repair facilities strategically located in major areas of drilling operations.

Rig Aftermarket supports land and offshore drillers. Demand for the segment’s products and services depends on overall levels of oilfield drilling activity, which drives demand for spare parts, service, and repair for Rig Systems’ large installed base of equipment; and secondarily on drilling contractors’ and oil and gas companies’ capital spending plans, specifically capital expenditures on rig refurbishments and re-certifications.

Wellbore Technologies

The Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment designs, manufactures, rents, and sells a variety of equipment and technologies used to perform drilling operations, and offers services that optimize their performance, including: solids control and waste management equipment and services; drilling fluids; portable power generation; premium drill pipe; wired pipe; drilling optimization and automation services; tubular inspection, repair and coating services; rope access inspection; instrumentation; measuring and monitoring; downhole and fishing tools; steerable technologies; hole openers; and drill bits.

Wellbore Technologies focuses on oil and gas companies and supports drilling contractors, oilfield service companies, and oilfield equipment rental companies. Demand for the segment’s products and services depends on the level of oilfield drilling activity by oil and gas companies, drilling contractors, and oilfield service companies.

Completion & Production Solutions

The Company’s Completion & Production Solutions segment integrates technologies for well completions and oil and gas production. The segment designs, manufactures, and sells equipment and technologies needed for hydraulic fracture stimulation, including pressure pumping trucks and pumps, blenders, sanders, hydration units, injection units, flowline, manifolds and wellheads; well intervention, including coiled tubing units, coiled tubing, and wireline units and tools; onshore production, including composite pipe, surface transfer and progressive cavity pumps, and artificial lift systems; and, offshore production, including floating production systems and subsea production technologies.

Completion & Production Solutions supports service companies and oil and gas companies. Demand for the segment’s products depends on the level of oilfield completions and workover activity by oilfield service companies and drilling contractors, and capital spending plans by oil and gas companies and oilfield service companies.

The following table sets forth the contribution to our total revenue of our four reporting segments (in millions):

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Sales from one segment to another generally are priced at estimated equivalent commercial selling prices; however, segments originating an external sale are credited with the full profit to the Company. Eliminations include intercompany transactions conducted between the four reporting segments that are eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany transactions within each reporting segment are eliminated within each reporting segment.

See Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for financial information by segment and a geographical breakout of revenues and long-lived assets. We have also included a glossary of oilfield terms at the end of Item 1. “Business” of this Annual Report.

Influence of Oil and Gas Activity Levels on the Company’s Business

The oil and gas industry has historically experienced significant volatility. Demand for the Company’s products and services depends primarily upon the general level of activity in the oil and gas industry worldwide, including the number of drilling rigs in operation, the number of oil and gas wells being drilled, the depth and drilling conditions of these wells, the volume of production, the number of well completions and the level of well remediation activity. Oil and gas activity is in turn heavily influenced by, among other factors, oil and gas prices worldwide. High levels of drilling and well remediation generally spurs demand for the Company’s products and services. Additionally, high levels of oil and gas activity increase cash flows available for oil and gas companies, drilling contractors, oilfield service companies, and manufacturers of oil country tubular goods (“OCTG”) to invest in capital equipment that the Company sells.

In 2010, as the financial crisis of the preceding three years eased and oil prices recovered, order rates began to improve across a broad array of rig equipment, with a particular focus on continued build out of the deepwater fleet. Each year 2011, 2012 and 2013 saw a further improvement in order rates as commodity prices remained at levels supporting sustained capital spending by our customers. Global rig count increased 5% in 2014 compared to 2013, after falling by 3% in 2013 compared to 2012. During the second half of 2014 and through 2015 the global oil and gas industry experienced a cyclical decline causing the Company to experience a decline in new orders. Backlog for Rig Systems at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, was $6.1 billion, $12.5 billion and $15.0 billion, respectively. Backlog for Completion & Production Solutions at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $1.0 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively.

The willingness of oil and gas operators to make capital investments to explore for and produce oil and natural gas will continue to be influenced by numerous factors over which the Company has no control, including but not limited to: prices for oil and gas; supply and demand for oil and natural gas; the ability or willingness of members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) to maintain oil price stability through voluntary production limits; the level of oil production by non-OPEC countries; general economic and political conditions; costs of exploration and production; the availability of new leases and concessions; access to external financing; and governmental regulations regarding, among other things, environmental protection, climate change, taxation, price controls and product allocations. The willingness of drilling contractors and well servicing companies to make capital expenditures for the type of specialized equipment the Company provides is also influenced by numerous factors over which the Company has no control, including: the general level of oil and gas well drilling and servicing; rig day-rates; access to external financing; outlook for future increases in well drilling and well remediation activity; steel prices and fabrication costs; and government regulations regarding, among other things, environmental protection, climate change, taxation, and price controls.

See additional discussion on the current worldwide economic environment and related oil and gas activity levels in Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Overview of Oil and Gas Well Construction Processes

Oil and gas wells are usually drilled by drilling contractors using a drilling rig. A bit is attached to the end of a drill stem, which is assembled by the drilling rig and its crew from 30 or 45-foot joints of drill pipe and specialized drilling components known as downhole tools. Using the conventional rotary drilling method, the

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drill stem is turned from the rotary table of the drilling rig by torque applied to the kelly, which is screwed into the top of the drill stem. Increasingly, drilling is performed using a drilling motor, which is attached to the bottom of the drill stem and provides rotational force directly to the bit, or a top drive, a device suspended from the derrick that turns the entire drill stem, rather than such force being supplied by the rotary table. The use of drilling motors and top drives permits the drilling contractor to drill directionally, including horizontally. The Company sells and rents drilling motors, agitators, drill bits, downhole tools and drill pipe through Wellbore Technologies, and sells top drives through Rig Systems.

Heavy drilling fluids, or “drilling muds”, are pumped down the drill stem and forced out through jets in the bit. The drilling mud returns to the surface through the space between the borehole wall and the drill stem, carrying with it the rock cuttings drilled out by the bit. The cuttings are removed from the mud by a solids control system (which can include shakers, centrifuges and other specialized equipment) and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. The solids control system permits the mud, which is often comprised of expensive chemicals, to be continuously reused and re-circulated back into the hole.

Rig Systems sells the large “mud pumps” that are used to pump drilling mud through the drill stem, down and back up the hole. Wellbore Technologies sells and rents solids control equipment; and provides solids control, waste management and drilling fluids services. Many operators internally coat the drill stem to improve its hydraulic efficiency and protect it from corrosive fluids sometimes encountered during drilling; have hardfacing alloys applied to drill pipe joints, collars and other components to protect tool joints and casing against wear; and inspect and assess the integrity of the drill pipe from time to time. Wellbore Technologies manufactures and sells drill pipe and provides coating, “hard-banding”, and drill pipe inspection and repair.

As the hole depth increases, the kelly must be removed frequently so that additional joints of drill pipe can be added to the drill stem. When the bit becomes dull or the equipment at the bottom of the drill stem—including the drilling motors—otherwise requires servicing, the entire drill stem is pulled out of the hole and disassembled by disconnecting the joints of drill pipe. These are set aside or “racked”, the old bit is replaced or service is performed, and the drill stem is reassembled and lowered back into the hole (a process called “tripping”). During drilling and tripping operations, joints of drill pipe must be screwed together and tightened (“made up”), and loosened and unscrewed (“spun out”). Rig Systems provides drilling equipment to manipulate and maneuver the drill pipe in this manner. When the hole has reached certain depths, all of the drill pipe is pulled out of the hole and larger diameter pipe known as casing is lowered into the hole and permanently cemented in place in order to protect against collapse and contamination of the hole. The casing is typically inspected before it is lowered into the hole, another service provided by Wellbore Technologies. Wellbore Technologies drilling optimization and automation maximizes bit performance in the wellbore by mitigating vibrations, dynamic and impact loading, and stick slip which ensures longer bit runs, reducing trips. Hole openers from Wellbore Technologies, that mount above the drill bits in the drill stem, opens the tolerance of the hole to allow for easier and faster casing installation. Completion & Production Solutions manufactures pressure pumping equipment that is used to cement the casing in place. The rig’s hoisting system raises and lowers the drill stem while drilling or tripping, and lowers casing into the wellbore. A conventional hoisting system is a block and tackle mechanism that works within the drilling rig’s derrick. The mechanism is lifted by a series of pulleys that are attached to the drawworks at the base of the derrick. Rig Systems sells and installs drawworks and pipe hoisting systems.

During the course of normal drilling operations, the drill stem passes through different geological formations which exhibit varying pressure characteristics. If this pressure is not contained, oil, gas and/or water would flow out of these formations to the surface. Containing reservoir pressures is accomplished primarily by the circulation of heavy drilling muds and secondarily by blowout preventers (“BOPs”), should the mud prove inadequate in an emergency situation. Rig Systems sells blowout preventers. Drilling muds are carefully designed to exhibit certain qualities that optimize the drilling process. In addition to containing formation pressure, they must provide power to the drilling motor; carry drilled solids to the surface; protect the drilled formations from being damaged; and, cool the drill bit. Achieving these objectives often requires a formulation specific to a given well, requires a high level of cleanliness for better bottom hole assembly performance and can involve the use of

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expensive chemicals as well as natural materials, such as certain types of clay. The fluid itself is often oil, or more expensive synthetic mud. Given the cost, it is highly desirable to reuse as much of the drilling mud as possible. Solids control equipment such as shale shakers, centrifuges, cuttings dryers, and mud cleaners help accomplish this objective. Wellbore Technologies rents, sells, operates and services this equipment. Drilling muds are formulated based on expected drilling conditions. However, as the hole is drilled, the drill stem may encounter a high pressure zone where the mud density is inadequate to maintain sufficient pressure. Should efforts to “weight up” the mud in order to contain such a pressure kick fail, a blowout could result, whereby reservoir fluids would flow uncontrolled into the well. A series of high-pressure valves known as blowout preventers are positioned at the top of the well and, when activated, form tight seals that prevent the escape of fluids to the surface. When closed, conventional BOPs prevent normal rig operations so the BOPs are activated only if drilling mud and normal well control procedures cannot safely contain the pressure.

The operations of the rig and the condition of the drilling mud are closely monitored by various sensors, which measure operating parameters such as the weight on the rig’s hook, the incidence of pressure kicks, the operation of the drilling mud pumps, etc. Wellbore Technologies sells and rents drilling rig instrumentation packages that perform these monitoring functions. Monitoring can be done at the well or remotely from selected centralized operation centers.

During drilling operations the drilling rig and related equipment and tools are subject to severe stresses, pressures and temperatures, as well as a corrosive environment, and require regular repair and maintenance. Rig Aftermarket supplies spare parts and can dispatch field service engineers with the expertise to quickly repair and maintain equipment, minimizing down time.

After the well has reached its total depth and the final section of casing has been set, the drilling rig is moved off and the well is prepared to begin producing oil or gas in a process known as “well completion.” Well completion usually involves installing production tubing concentrically in the casing. Due to the corrosive nature of many produced fluids, production tubing is often inspected and coated, services offered by Wellbore Technologies. Sometimes operators choose to use corrosion resistant composite materials or alloys, sold by Completion & Production Solutions.

From time to time, a producing well may undergo workover procedures to extend its life and/or increase its production rate. Workover rigs are used to disassemble the wellhead, tubing and other completion components of an existing well in order to stimulate or remediate the well. Workover rigs are similar to drilling rigs in their capabilities to handle tubing, but are usually smaller and somewhat less sophisticated. The Company offers a comprehensive range of workover rigs through Rig Systems. Tubing and sucker rods removed from a well during a well remediation operation are often inspected to determine their suitability to be reused in the well, a service Wellbore Technologies provides.

Frequently, coiled tubing units or wireline units are used to accomplish certain well remediation operations or well completions. Coiled tubing consists of a continuous length of reeled steel tubing which can be injected concentrically into the production tubing all the way to the bottom of most wells. It permits many operations to be performed without disassembling the production tubing, and without curtailing the production of the well. Wireline winch units are devices that utilize single-strand or multi-strand wires to perform well remediation operations, such as lowering tools and transmitting data to the surface. The Completion & Production Solutions segment manufactures and sells various types of coiled tubing and wireline equipment and tools.

Rig Systems

The Company’s Rig Systems segment makes and supports the capital equipment and integrated systems needed to drill oil and gas wells on land and offshore. The segment designs, manufactures, and sells land rigs, complete offshore drilling equipment packages, and drilling rig components that mechanize and automate many complex rig processes.

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Equipment and technologies in Rig Systems include: power transmission systems, like drives and generators; substructures, derricks, and masts; pipe lifting, racking, rotating, and assembly systems; pressure control equipment, including blowout preventers; cranes; and rig instrumentation and control systems.

Top Drives. The TDS™ Top Drive Drilling System, originally introduced by the Company in 1982, significantly altered the traditional drilling process. The TDS rotates the drill stem from its top, rather than by the rotary table, with a large electric motor affixed to rails installed in the derrick that traverses the length of the derrick to the rig floor, eliminating the conventional rotary table for drilling. Components of the TDS also are used to connect additional joints of drill pipe to the drill stem during drilling operations, enabling the use of three or four pre-connected joints of drill pipe at a time, compared to traditional drilling with one joint of drill pipe. Additionally, the TDS facilitates horizontal and extended reach drilling.

Electric Rig Motors. The Company has helped lead the application of AC motor technology in the oilfield industry. The Company buys motors from third parties and builds them in its own facilities and is further developing motor technology, including the introduction of permanent magnet drilling motors for use in top drives, cranes, mud pumps, winches, and drawworks.

Rotary Equipment. The alternative to using a TDS to rotate the drill stem is to use a rotary table, which rotates the pipe at the floor of the rig. Rig Systems produces rotary tables as well as kelly and master bushings. In 1998, the Company introduced the Rotary Support Table for use on rigs with a TDS. The Rotary Support Table is used in concert with the TDS to completely eliminate the need for the larger conventional rotary table.

Pipe Handling Systems. Pipe racking systems are used to handle drill pipe, casing and tubing on a drilling rig. Vertical pipe racking systems move drill pipe and casing between the well and a storage (“racking”) area on the rig floor. Horizontal racking systems are used to handle tubulars while stored horizontally (for example, on the pipe deck of an offshore rig) and transport tubulars up to the rig floor and into a vertical position for use in the drilling process.

Vertical pipe racking systems are used predominantly on offshore rigs and are found on almost all floating rigs. Mechanical vertical pipe racking systems greatly reduce the manual effort involved in pipe handling. Pipe racking systems, introduced by the Company in 1985, provide a fully automated mechanism for handling and racking drill pipe during drilling and tripping operations, spinning and torquing drill pipe, and automatic hoisting and racking of disconnected joints of drill pipe. These functions can be integrated via computer controlled sequencing, and operated by a driller from an environmentally secure cabin. An important element of this system is the Iron Roughneck, which was originally introduced by the Company in 1976 and is an automated device that makes pipe connections on the rig floor and requires less direct involvement of rig floor personnel in potentially dangerous operations. The Automated Roughneck is a microprocessor-controlled version of the Iron Roughneck.

Horizontal pipe transfer systems were introduced by the Company in 1993. They include the Pipe Deck Machine (“PDM”), which is used to manipulate and move stored tubulars; the Pipe Transfer Conveyor (“PTC”), which transports sections of pipe to the rig floor; and a Pickup Laydown System (“PLS”), which raises the pipe to a vertical position for transfer to a vertical racking system. These components may be employed separately, or incorporated together to form a complete horizontal racking system, known as the Pipe Transfer System (“PTS”).

Pipe Handling Tools. The Company’s pipe handling tools are designed to enhance the safety, efficiency and reliability of pipe handling operations. Many of these tools have provided innovative methods of performing the designated task through mechanization of functions previously performed manually. Rig Systems manufactures various tools used to grip, hold, raise, and lower pipe, and in the making up and breaking out of drill pipe, workstrings, casing and production tubulars including spinning wrenches, manual tongs, torque wrenches and kelly spinners.

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Mud Pumps. Mud pumps are high pressure pumps located on the rig that force drilling mud down the drill pipe, through the drill bit, and up the space between the drill pipe and the drilled formation (the “annulus”) back to the surface. These pumps, which generate pressures of up to 7,500 psi, must therefore be capable of displacing drilling fluids thousands of feet down and back up the well bore. The conventional mud pump design, known as the triplex pump, uses three reciprocating pistons oriented horizontally. The Company has introduced the HEX™ Pump, which uses six pumping cylinders, versus the three used in the triplex pump. Along with other design features, the greater number of cylinders reduces pulsations (or surges) and increases the output available from a given footprint. Reduced pulsation is desirable where downhole measurement equipment is being used during the drilling process, as is often the case in directional drilling.

Hoisting Systems. Hoisting systems are used to raise or lower the drill stem while drilling or tripping, and to lower casing into the wellbore. The drawworks, the heart of the hoisting system, is a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line, which is in turn connected to the drill stem at the top of the derrick. The drawworks also plays an important role in keeping the weight on the drill bit at a desired level. This task is particularly challenging on offshore drilling rigs, which are subject to wave motion. To address this, the Company has introduced the AHD™ Active Heave Drilling Drawworks which uses computer-controlled motors to compensate for the motion experienced in offshore drilling operations.

Cranes. The Company provides a comprehensive range of crane solutions, with purpose-built products for all segments of the oil and gas industry as well as many other markets. The Company has a broad collection of crane brand names with international recognition, and a large staff of engineers specializing in the design of cranes and related equipment. The product range extends from small cargo-handling cranes to the world’s largest marine cranes. In all, the Company provides over twenty crane product lines that include standard model configurations as well as custom-engineered and specialty cranes.

Motion Compensation Systems. Traditionally, motion compensation equipment is located on top of the drilling rig and serves to stabilize the bit on the bottom of the hole, increasing drilling effectiveness of floating offshore rigs by compensating for wave and wind action. The AHD Drawworks, discussed above, was introduced to eliminate weight and improve safety, removing the compensator from the top of the rig and integrating it into the drawworks system. In addition to the AHD Drawworks, the Company has introduced an Active Heave Compensation (“AHC”) System that goes beyond the capabilities of the AHD Drawworks to handle the most severe weather. Additionally, the Company’s tensioning systems provide continuous axial tension to the marine riser pipe (larger diameter pipe which connects floating drilling rigs to the well on the ocean floor) and guide lines on floating drilling rigs, tension leg platforms and jack-up drilling rigs.

Blowout Preventers. BOPs are devices used to seal the space between the drill pipe and the borehole and, if necessary, to also shear the drill pipe itself to prevent blowouts (uncontrolled flows of formation fluids and gases to the surface). Rig Systems manufactures a wide array of BOPs used in various applications from deepwater offshore vessels to land rigs. Ram and annular BOPs are back-up devices that are activated only if other techniques for controlling pressure in the wellbore are inadequate. When closed, these devices prevent normal drilling operations. Ram BOPs seal the wellbore by hydraulically closing rams (thick heavy blocks of steel) against each other across the wellbore. Specially designed packers seal around specific sizes of pipe in the wellbore, shear pipe in the wellbore or close off an open hole. Annular BOPs seal the wellbore by hydraulically closing a rubber packing unit around the drill pipe or kelly or by sealing against itself if nothing is in the hole.

In 1998, the Company introduced the NXT ^TM ram type BOP which eliminates door bolts, providing significant weight, rig-time, and space savings. Its unique features make subsea operation more efficient through faster ram configuration changes. In 2004, the Company introduced the LXT ^TM ram type of BOP, which features many of the design elements of the NXT ^TM, but is targeted at the land market. Over the past five years considerable focus has been placed on robustness and reliability in the fundamental design of the equipment with extensive testing being performed in an R&D facility opened in 2012. In 2013, the Company acquired the T3 BOP product line, further expanding its market offering of reliable, field proven designs for land based drilling applications.

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The ShearMax^TM line of low force BOP shear rams released in 2010 add substantial tubular shearing capability to the Company’s line of pressure control equipment, including the capability to shear large drill pipe tool joints, previously unheard of in the industry. This innovative shear blade design utilizes patented “Puncture Technology” to reduce the shearing pressures 50% or more and in some cases as much as five times lower. The ShearMax Blind shear provides a shear-and-seal design for drill pipe, while the Casing and TJC shears address casing up to 16” OD and most tool joints up to 2” wall thickness, respectively.

Derricks and Substructures. Drilling activities are carried out from a drilling rig. A drilling rig consists of one or two derricks; the substructure that supports the derrick(s); and the rig package, which consists of the various pieces of equipment discussed above. Rig Systems designs, fabricates and services derricks used in both onshore and offshore applications, and substructures used in onshore applications. Rig Systems also works with shipyards in the fabrication of substructures for offshore drilling rigs.

Land Rig Packages. The Company designs, manufactures, assembles, upgrades, and supplies equipment sets to a variety of land drilling rigs, including those specifically designed to operate in harsh environments such as the Arctic Circle and the desert. Our key land rig product names include the Ideal Rig™, Drake Rig™, and Rapid Rig ^TM. The Company’s recent rig packages are designed to be safer and fast moving, to utilize AC technology, and to reduce manpower required to operate a rig.

Offshore Drilling Equipment Packages. Rig Systems also provides the above major pieces of equipment in fully integrated equipment packages for offshore drilling rigs. By purchasing an entire drilling equipment package customers reap the benefits of Rig Systems’ integrated package engineering and installation and commissioning expertise, alleviating many of the potential problems of sourcing complex equipment that must work together from multiple vendors.

Customers and Competition. Rig Systems sells directly to drilling contractors, rig fabricators, well servicing companies, pressure pumping companies, national oil companies, major and independent oil and gas companies, and also through distribution companies. Demand for its products is strongly dependent upon capital spending plans by oil and gas companies and drilling contractors, and the level of oil and gas well drilling activity.

The products of Rig Systems are sold in highly competitive markets and its sales and earnings can be affected by competitive actions such as price changes, new product development, or improved availability and delivery. The segment’s primary competitors are MHWirth; Aker Solutions; American Electric Technologies; American Block; AXON Energy Products; Bentec; Bomco; Canrig (a division of Nabors Industries); Cavins Oil Well Tools; Cameron International; Den-Con Tool Company; Forum Energy Technologies; General Electric; Hitec Products; Honghua; Huisman; Liebherr; Parveen Industries; Omron Corporation; Rolls Royce; Siemens; Stewart & Stevenson; Soilmec and Drillmec (a part of the Trevi Group); Seatrax; Tesco Corporation; Wärtsilä and Weatherford International. Management believes that the principal competitive factors affecting Rig Systems are performance, quality, reputation, customer service, availability of spare parts and consumables, breadth of product line and price.

Rig Aftermarket

The Company’s Rig Aftermarket segment provides comprehensive aftermarket products and services to support a large installed base of land and offshore rigs, and drilling rig components manufactured by the Company’s Rig Systems segment. The segment provides spare parts, repair, and rentals as well as technical support, field service and first well support, field engineering, and customer training through a network of aftermarket service and repair facilities strategically located in major areas of drilling operations.

Spare Parts. Rig Aftermarket maintains an inventory of spare parts, the majority manufactured by Rig Systems, across a global network of aftermarket service and repair facilities.

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Technical Support. Rig Aftermarket’s Technical Support Centers troubleshoot and resolve equipment needs for customers. Cross-disciplinary teams work together with field service technicians and subject matter experts to keep customers’ rigs in operation and utilize web-based applications to record, manage, and resolve issues.

Field Service. Field service engineers actively support rig equipment and technologies on location. Based across a global network of aftermarket service and repair facilities, field service engineers can be deployed to operating sites worldwide to resolve equipment issues, whether structural, mechanical, electrical, or software-related.

Repair. Rig Aftermarket overhauls, repairs, rebuilds, and recertifies equipment to quality assurance and OEM specifications using only OEM parts.

eHawk Remote Support. A subscription service available to customers, eHawk Support Centers provide fast issue response times. Using satellite and computer technology, eHawk Support Centers can diagnose equipment status and work to handle issues remotely, reducing service personnel visits to the field. eHawk utilizes web-based applications to record, manage, and resolve issues.

Field Engineering. Rig Aftermarket Field Engineering supports customers by providing rig-specific designs, modifications, and solutions as needed. Services include rig surveys, proposal and design drawings, service manuals, and equipment installation.

Training Centers and Technical Colleges. Rig Aftermarket Training Centers offering training for all equipment and technologies designed and manufactured by Rig Systems. Training centers offer a varied curriculum that incorporates hands-on experience, use of equipment simulators, automated classrooms, and enhanced animations with cross-sectional cutouts.

Customers and Competition. Rig Aftermarket supports land and offshore drillers. Demand for the segment’s products and services depends on overall levels of oilfield drilling activity, which drives demand for spare parts, service, and repair for Rig System’s large installed base of equipment; and secondarily on drilling contractors’ and oil and gas companies’ capital spending plans, specifically capital expenditures on rig refurbishments and re-certifications.

The products of Rig Aftermarket are sold in highly competitive markets and its sales and earnings can be affected by competitive actions such as price changes, new product development, or improved availability and delivery. The segment’s primary competitors are MHWirth; American Electric Technologies; American Block; AXON Energy Products; Bentec; Bomco; Canrig (a division of Nabors Industries); Cavins Oil Well Tools; Cameron International; Den-Con Tool Company; Forum Energy Technologies; General Electric; Hitec Products; Honghua; Huisman Liebherr; Parveen Industries; Omron Corporation; Rolls Royce; Siemens; Stewart & Stevenson; Soilmec and Drillmec (a part of the Trevi Group); Seatrax; Sparrows Offshore; Subsea Solutions; Tesco Corporation; Wärtsilä and Weatherford International. Management believes that the principal competitive factors affecting Rig Aftermarket are performance, quality, reputation, customer service, availability of spare parts and consumables, breadth of product line and price.

Wellbore Technologies

The Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment designs, manufactures, rents, and sells a variety of equipment and technologies used to perform drilling operations, and offers services that optimize their performance, including: solids control and waste management equipment and services; drilling fluids; portable power generation; premium drill pipe; wired pipe; drilling optimization and automation services; tubular inspection, repair and coating services; rope access inspection; instrumentation; measuring and monitoring; downhole and fishing tools; steerable technologies; hole openers; and drill bits.

The Wellbore Technologies segment focuses on oil and gas companies and supports drilling contractors, oilfield service companies, and oilfield rental companies. Demand for Wellbore Technologies’ products and services primarily depends on the level of oilfield drilling activity by oil and gas companies, drilling contractors, and oilfield service companies.

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Drill Pipe Products. The Company designs, manufactures, and sells a full range of proprietary premium and API drill stem products used for the drilling of oil and gas wells. A drilling rig typically carries an inventory of 10,000 to 30,000 feet of drill pipe, which is consumed over time by the drilling process.

During the drilling process, motors mounted on the rig rotate the drill pipe, bottom-hole assembly, and drill bit. In addition to driving the drill bit, drill pipe serves as the conduit for drilling fluids. The Company offers a broad line of premium drilling products designed for the drilling of extended reach, directional, horizontal, deepwater, and ultra-deep wells in both international and domestic markets.

Voest-Alpine Tubulars (“VAT”). VAT is a joint venture between the Company and the Austrian based Voest-Alpine Group. The Company has a 50.01% investment in the joint venture which is located in Kindberg, Austria. VAT owns a tubular mill with an annual capacity of approximately 380,000 metric tons and is the primary supplier of green tubes for our U.S. based production. VAT is accounted for under the equity-method of accounting due to the minority owner having substantive participating rights.

Tubular Coating. The Company develops, manufactures and applies its proprietary tubular coatings, known as Tube-Kote^® coatings, to new and used downhole tubulars and line pipe. Tubular coatings help prevent corrosion, which extends the life of tubular assets, and reduces expensive interruptions in production. In addition, coatings are designed to increase the fluid flow rate up to 25%. In addition, the Company offers a mechanical fit connection that is very quick to field install and combined with internal coatings provides a continuous internal surface of coatings thru the connection. The Company also offers other corrosion solutions such as fiberglass lined tubing that also services our customers as it relates to wells that are injection or enhance oil recovery wells.

Tubular Inspection. Newly manufactured pipe may have serious defects that are not detected at the mill, and pipe can be damaged during handling prior to use at the well site. Exploration and production companies have new tubulars inspected before they are placed in service to reduce the risk of tubular failures during drilling, completion, or production. Used tubulars are inspected to detect service-induced flaws. In addition to our Tubular Inspection product line, we have a Specialty Inspection group that performs rig inspections, drop surveys, lift gear inspections and derrick building services via rope access with locations around the world to service the land and offshore contractors.

Tubular inspection techniques include electromagnetic, ultrasonic, magnetic flux leakage and gamma ray. Inspection services are provided by mobile units at the wellhead as used tubing is removed from a well, and at fixed site locations.

Mill Systems and Sales. The Company engineers and fabricates inspection equipment for steel mills, which it sells and rents. The equipment is used for quality control purposes to detect defects in the pipe during the high-speed manufacturing process. Each piece of mill inspection equipment is designed to customer specifications and is installed and serviced by the Company.

Machining, Repair and Services. The Company offers a variety of machining services including: thread repair, tool joint rebuilding and sub manufacturing, providing a “one-stop-shop” concept for its drill pipe customers.

Drilling & Intervention. The Company combines a wide array of drilling and intervention tools with drilling, coring, borehole enlargement and other services. The broad spectrum of bottom hole assembly (“BHA”) components offered is the result of the strategic consolidation of key acquisitions.

The Company manufactures fixed cutter and roller cone drill bits and services its customer base in virtually every significant oil and gas producing region of the world.

The Company designs, manufacturers and services a wide array of downhole motors which are capable of achieving higher rotary velocities than can generally be achieved using conventional surface rotary equipment. The AGITATOR^™ friction reduction tool delivers improved drilling efficiency along with extending the reach of horizontal drilling applications.

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The Company manufactures an extensive range of hole-opening solutions, borehole enlargement, which produce enlarged wellbores in numerous applications and operate in demanding environments around the world.

The Company manufactures steerable technologies that allow for borehole directional control, enabling our customers to drill more efficiently in challenging environments globally.

Through its Coring Services business line, the Company enables the extraction of actual rock samples from a drilled well bore and allows geologists to examine the formations at the surface.

The Company is well positioned to address intervention and well workovers with a comprehensive offering of leading fishing and thru-tubing tools. We sell and rent tools to perform retrieval of stuck tools and remove debris, mill bridge plugs and other devices and manipulate well flow control.

Dynamic Drilling Solutions. The Company’s Dynamic Drilling Solutions combines product lines that are focused on instrumentation, eTools for measuring, data-driven solutions used for monitoring, managed pressure drilling, and drilling automation and optimization. Dynamic Drilling Solutions generates, collects, aggregates, communicates, and analyzes drilling data to provide our customers effective solutions for their well environments.

Instrumentation. The Company’s Instrumentation business provides drilling rig operators real time measurement and monitoring of critical parameters required to improve rig safety and efficiency. The Company’s measurement and monitoring systems combine leading hardware and software technologies (both at the surface and in the wellbore) into an integrated drilling rig package. Access of drilling data is provided to offsite locations, enabling company personnel to monitor drilling operations through a secure link.

Directional Sensors, Steering Tools, Magnetic Multi-shot Tools and Electromagnetic Measurement-While-Drilling Systems are offered by the Company. These directional eTools provide measurements and store the data in memory or use a telemetry pathway to transmit downhole data to the surface. At the surface this data is analyzed to optimize well trajectory and improve the drilling rate-of-penetration.

Managed Pressure Drilling equipment and support services enable improved kick detection and help manage wellbore pressures during drilling to permit accessing reserves in certain areas using chokes, manifolds, rotating control devices, continuous circulation systems, downhole sensors and optimized control systems.

Solids Control and Waste Management. The Company offers highly-engineered equipment, and services to separate and manage drill cuttings produced by the drilling process (“Solids Control”). Drill cuttings are usually contaminated with petroleum or drilling fluids, and must be disposed of in an environmentally sound manner. Wellsite Services manufactures state-of-the-art patented solids control equipment. Upon the separation of the drill cuttings Wellsite Services provides waste management (both onsite and at centralized locations), including transport and storage.

Fluids Services. The Company is engaged in the provision of drilling fluid systems, drilling fluid products, completion fluids and other related services. Drilling fluids are used to maintain well bore stability while drilling, control downhole pressure, lubricate and cool the drill bit, suspend and release cuttings, and transmit hydraulic energy to drilling tools and bits. Wellsite Services provides water and oil based drilling fluids

Portable Power Generation. The Portable Power division provides rental generators, lighting and other accessories for use in the upstream oil and gas industry, refinery and petrochemical operations, construction sites, events, disaster relief and other industries.

NOV IntelliServ. NOV IntelliServ is a joint venture between the Company and Schlumberger, Ltd. in which the Company holds a 55% interest and maintains operational control. NOV IntelliServ manufactures wellbore data transmission products used to deliver high-speed communication up and down the drill string.

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Customers and Competition. Customers for Wellbore Technologies include major and independent oil and gas companies, national oil companies, drilling and workover contractors, oilfield equipment and product distributors and other manufacturers, oilfield service companies, steel mills, rental companies, and other industrial companies. The Company’s competitors include: Baker Hughes; Drill Pipe Masters; Frank’s International; Future Pipe; Halliburton; Hanwei; Hilong; Patterson Tubular Services; Precision Tube; ShawCor; Schlumberger; Superior Energy Services; Texas Steel Conversion; Vallourec & Mannesmann and Weatherford International, along with a number of smaller regional competitors.

Completion & Production Solutions

The Company’s Completion & Production Solutions segment integrates technologies for well completions and oil and gas production. The segment designs, manufactures, and sells equipment and technologies needed for hydraulic fracture stimulation, including pressure pumping trucks, blenders, sanders, hydration units, injection units, flowline, manifolds and wellheads; well intervention, including coiled tubing units, coiled tubing, and wireline units and tools; offshore production, including composite pipe, process equipment, floating production systems and subsea production technologies; and, onshore production including surface transfer and progressive cavity pumps, positive displacement reciprocating pumps, pressure vessels, and artificial lift systems.

Completion & Production Solutions supports service companies and oil and gas companies. Demand for Completion & Production Solutions’ products depends on the level of oilfield completions and workover activity by oilfield service companies and drilling contractors and capital spending plans by oil and gas companies and oilfield service companies.

Coiled Tubing Equipment. Coiled tubing consists of flexible steel tubing manufactured in a continuous string and spooled on a reel. It can often extend over twenty thousand feet in length and is run in and out of the wellbore at a high rate of speed by a hydraulically operated coiled tubing unit. A coiled tubing unit is typically mounted on a truck, semi-trailer or skid (steel frames on which portable equipment is mounted to facilitate handling with cranes for offshore use) and consists of a hydraulically operated tubing reel or drum, an injector head which pushes or pulls the tubing in or out of the wellbore, and various power and control systems. Coiled tubing is typically used with sophisticated pressure control equipment which permits the operator to perform workover operations on a live well. The Completion & Production Solutions segment manufactures and sells both coiled tubing units and the ancillary pressure control equipment used in these operations. Currently, most coiled tubing units are used in well remediation and completion applications. The Company believes that advances in the manufacturing process of coiled tubing, tubing fatigue protection and the capability to manufacture larger diameter and increased wall thickness coiled tubing strings have resulted in increased uses and applications for these products. For example, some well operators are now using coiled tubing in drilling applications such as slim-hole re-entries of existing wells.

Wireline Equipment. The Company’s wireline products include wireline drum units, which consist of a spool or drum of wireline cable, mounted in a mobile vehicle or skid, which works in conjunction with a source of power (an engine mounted in the vehicle or within a separate “power pack” skid). The wireline drum unit is used to spool wireline cable into or out of a well, in order to perform surveys inside the well, sample fluids from the bottom of the well, retrieve or replace components from inside the well, or to perform other well remediation or survey operations. The wireline used may be “slick line”, which is conventional single-strand steel cable used to convey tools in or out of the well, or “electric line”, which contains an imbedded single-conductor or multi-conductor electrical line which permits communication between the surface and electronic instruments attached to the end of the wireline at the bottom of the well. Wireline units are usually used in conjunction with a variety of pressure control equipment which permits safe access into wells while they are flowing and under pressure at the surface. The Company engineers and manufactures a broad range of pressure control equipment for wireline operations, including wireline blowout preventers, strippers, packers, lubricators and grease injection units. Additionally, the Company makes wireline rigging equipment such as mast trucks, and skidded masts for offshore rig-up.

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Stimulation Equipment. The Company’s stimulation products include fracturing pumpers, acid units, frac blenders, frac control systems, sand handling systems, combo units, hydration and chemical additive systems as well as services and parts. Additionally, the Company sells, services, and rents wellheads, frac trees, portable flow line, and well testing equipment.

Turret Mooring Systems. The Company designs and manufacturers Turret Mooring Systems and Spread Moored Systems, and other products for Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (“FPSOs”) and other offshore vessels and terminals. A turret mooring system consists of a geostatic part attached to the seabed and a rotating part integrated in the hull of the FPSO, which are connected and allow the ship to weathervane (rotate) around the turret during production.

Flexible Pipe Systems. The Company designs and manufactures flexible pipe products and systems for the offshore oil and gas industry, including products associated with FPSO’s and other offshore production platforms, as well as subsea production systems including flexible risers, flowlines and jumpers. The product range consists of flexible pipe solutions from 2” – 16”, designed to operate under very demanding offshore conditions in all parts of the world. The products remain flexible even under very high working pressure, up to 1,000 bars, and at the same time they are able to withstand working temperatures from minus 50° centigrade up to +130° centigrade. Flexible pipe systems are superior to other pipe solutions in respect of flexibility, ability to withstand different design conditions and capability to convey challenging mixtures of liquid and gaseous fluids. The Company’s products are qualified for use in water depths down to 2,000 meters. The Company also supplies a wide range of additional equipment such as accessories and steel structures required in a given system configuration.

Fiberglass & Composite Tubulars. The Company designs, manufactures and markets filament-wound and molded fiberglass pipe and fittings as well as spoolable fiberglass pipe. These products are used by a wide range of petroleum, petrochemical and other industrial fluid and gas processing industries; for service station piping systems; aboard marine vessels, FPSOs and offshore oil platforms; and, are marketed as an alternative to metallic piping systems which can fail under corrosive operating conditions. The Company’s Fiberspar™ business, manufactures and sells fiberglass-reinforced spoolable pipe to the oil and gas industry which provides a reliable, corrosion-resistant, cost-effective solution for the production and transportation of oil and gas.

XL Systems. The Company’s XL Systems product line offers the customer an integrated package of large-bore tubular products and services for offshore or deep onshore wells. This product line includes the Company’s proprietary line of wedge thread connections on large-bore tubulars and related engineering and design services. The Company provides this product line for drive pipe, jet strings and conductor casing. The Company produces large-bore tubulars with a high-strength, high-fatigue Viper™ weld-on connector for use in deep-water and other environments where an extremely robust connector is needed. The Company also offers service personnel in connection with the installation of all of these products.

Process and Flow Technologies. The Company serves its customers in various industrial and oil and gas markets by designing, manufacturing and distributing key products including pumping technologies (reciprocating, multistage surface, and progressive cavity pumps), process equipment (dynamic oil recovery, water treatment, sand handling, separation and crude / gas handling), artificial lift solutions (stuffing boxes, drive heads, PCP, control boxes, polished rod accessories, and hydraulic pumping units), mixing and agitation equipment, heat exchangers, pipeline products (closures, expanding gate valves, and plug valves) and general oilfield products (critical service hookups, pumping tees, and production BOP’s). These products are used by a highly diversified customer base with presence in oil and gas and industrial markets, which include waste water treatment, mining, chemical processing, paper and pulp, agriculture, food and beverage, among others. The group supports its international market and customer base through a mixed channel to market model, which includes both direct sales and separate partnership relationships.

Pumps & Expendables. The Company designs, manufactures, and sells pumps and expendables that are used in oil and gas drilling operations, well service operations, production applications, as well as industrial applications.

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These pumps include reciprocating positive displacement piston and plunger pumps and high pressure mud pumps. These pumps are sold as individual units and unitized packages with drivers, controls and piping. The Company also manufactures fluid end expendables (liners, valves, pistons, and plungers). The Company offers popular industry brand names including: Wheatley, Gaso, National, Oilwell, MSW, and Omega reciprocating pumps.

Customers and Competition. The primary customers for the products and services offered by the Completion & Productions Solutions segment include well servicing companies, oil and gas companies, and fabricators, as well as distributors in select markets. Competitors include: Cameron International; Circor International; Corpro (a division of ALS); Dover; Drilquip; FMC Technologies; Forum Energy Technologies; GE Oil & Gas; Modec; SBM Offshore; Stewart & Stevenson; Technip; Roper Industries; Weir Group; and a number of regional competitors. Management believes that on-site support is becoming a more important competitive element in this market, and other competitive factors affecting the business are performance, quality, reputation, customer service, product availability and technology, breadth of product line and price.

2015 Acquisitions and Other Investments

During 2015, the Company completed a total of seven acquisitions and other investments for an aggregate investment of $86 million, net of cash acquired.

2015 Realignment

From time to time the Company realigns the structure of its organization to achieve business goals, including enhanced efficiency and cost reduction. In November, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries completed restructuring transactions intended to achieve these goals, through a strategic realignment of certain business units. These restructuring activities include: (a) a division of National Oilwell Varco, L.P. (“NOV LP”) allocating certain assets and liabilities associated with the Chemineer and Process & Flow Technologies business units to Chemineer, Inc. and NOV Process & Flow Technologies US, Inc., respectively; (b) realignment of the structure of Robbins & Myers, Inc. (“R&M”) and distribution of R&M’s equity ownership in certain subsidiaries to Grant Prideco, Inc. (“Grant Prideco”), a direct subsidiary of the Company; (c) realignment of business units of Ameron International Corporation (“Ameron”) including (i) the contribution of certain assets and liabilities corresponding to two divisions (respectively, the water transmission and pole products divisions) into separate subsidiaries of Ameron, and (ii) the distribution by Ameron of all of the outstanding membership interest in Tubo-FGS, LLC (a fiberglass pipe business unit) and certain intangible intellectual property assets to its parent Grant Prideco for strategic realignment with Grant Prideco’s fiberglass pipe division; (d) distribution of certain intangible intellectual property assets from subsidiaries to a holding company subsidiary; (e) realignment of the ownership structure of National Oilwell DHT; and (f) elimination of certain intercompany balances between subsidiaries through distribution, setoff or assignment, including without limitation intercompany balances between NOV LP and certain divisions of Fiber Glass Systems, L.P., as obligors, and Ameron, as obligee.

Seasonal Nature of the Company’s Business

Historically, activity levels of some of the Company’s segments have followed seasonal trends to some degree.

In Canada, Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions typically realized high first quarter activity levels, as operators take advantage of the winter freeze to gain access to remote drilling and production areas. In past years, certain Canadian businesses within Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions have declined during the second quarter due to warming weather conditions which resulted in thawing, softer ground, difficulty accessing drill sites, and road bans that curtailed drilling activity (“Canadian Breakup”). However, these segments have typically rebounded in the third and fourth quarter. Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions activity in the U.S. sometimes increases during the third quarter and then

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peaks in the fourth quarter as operators spend the remaining drilling and/or production capital budgets for that year. Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions revenues in the Rocky Mountain region sometimes decline in the late fourth quarter or early first quarter due to harsh winter weather. The Company’s fiberglass and composite tubulars business in China has typically declined in the first quarter due to the impact of weather on manufacturing and installation operations, and due to business slowdowns associated with the Chinese New Year. In general, Rig Systems and Rig Aftermarket have not experienced significant seasonal fluctuation, although orders for new equipment and aftermarket spare parts may be modestly affected by holiday schedules. There can be no guarantee that seasonal effects will not influence future sales in these segments.

The Company anticipates that the seasonal trends described above will continue. However, there can be no guarantee that spending by the Company’s customers will continue to follow patterns seen in the past.

Marketing and Distribution Network

Substantially all of Rig Systems’ capital equipment and Rig Aftermarket’s spare parts sales, and a large portion of our smaller pumps and parts sales, are made through our direct sales force and distribution service centers. Sales to foreign oil companies are often made with or through representative arrangements. Products within Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions are rented and sold worldwide through our own sales force and through commissioned representatives.

Completion & Production Solutions’ customers are predominantly service companies and oil and gas companies. Demand for the Company’s Completion & Production Solutions segment products depends on the level of oilfield completions and workover activity by oilfield service companies and drilling contractors and capital spending plans by oil and gas companies and oilfield service companies.

The Company’s foreign operations, which include significant operations in Canada, Europe, Russia, the Far East, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, are subject to the risks normally associated with conducting business in foreign countries, including foreign currency exchange risks and uncertain political and economic environments, which may limit or disrupt markets, restrict the movement of funds or result in the deprivation of contract rights or the taking of property without fair compensation. Government-owned petroleum companies located in some of the countries in which the Company operates have adopted policies (or are subject to governmental policies) giving preference to the purchase of goods and services from companies that are majority-owned by local nationals. As a result of such policies, the Company relies on joint ventures, license arrangements and other business combinations with local nationals in these countries. In addition, political considerations may disrupt the commercial relationship between the Company and such government-owned petroleum companies. Although the Company has not experienced any material problems in foreign countries arising from nationalistic policies, political instability, economic instability or currency restrictions, there can be no assurance that such a problem will not arise in the future. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding geographic revenue information.

Research and New Product Development and Intellectual Property

The Company believes that it has been a leader in the development of new technology and equipment to enhance the safety and productivity of drilling and well servicing processes and that its sales and earnings have been dependent, in part, upon the successful introduction of new or improved products. Through its internal development programs and certain acquisitions, the Company has assembled an extensive array of technologies protected by a substantial number of trade and service marks, patents, trade secrets, and other proprietary rights.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company held a substantial number of United States patents and had additional patent applications pending. As of this date, the Company also had foreign patents and patent applications pending relating to inventions covered by the United States patents. Additionally, the Company maintains a substantial number of trade and service marks and maintains a number of trade secrets. Expiration dates of such patents range from 2016 to 2035.

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Although the Company believes that this intellectual property has value, competitive products with different designs have been successfully developed and marketed by others. The Company considers the quality and timely delivery of its products, the service it provides to its customers and the technical knowledge and skills of its personnel to be as important as its intellectual property in its ability to compete. While the Company stresses the importance of its research and development programs, the technical challenges and market uncertainties associated with the development and successful introduction of new products are such that there can be no assurance that the Company will realize future revenue from new products.

Manufacturing and Service Locations

The manufacturing processes for the Company’s products generally consist of machining, welding and fabrication, heat treating, assembly of manufactured and purchased components and testing. Most equipment is manufactured primarily from alloy steel. The availability and price of alloy steel castings, forgings, purchased components and bar stock is critical to the production and timing of shipments.

Rig Systems provides drilling rig components, as well as complete land drilling rigs, and offshore drilling equipment packages. The primary manufacturing facilities are located in Houston, Texas; Orange, California; and Ulsan, South Korea.

Rig Aftermarket provides comprehensive aftermarket products and services to support land rigs and offshore rigs, and drilling rig components manufactured by Rig Systems. Primary facilities are located in Houston, Texas; New Iberia, Louisiana; Aberdeen, Scotland; Singapore; and Dubai, UAE.

Wellbore Technologies designs, manufactures, rents, and sells a variety of equipment and technologies used to perform drilling operations, and offers services that optimize their performance, including: solids control and waste management equipment and services, drilling fluids, premium drill pipe, wired pipe, drilling optimization services, tubular inspection and coating services, instrumentation, downhole tools, and drill bits. Primary facilities are located in Houston, Conroe, Navasota, Cedar Park, Texas; Veracruz, Mexico; and Dubai, UAE.

Completion & Production Solutions integrates technologies for well completions and oil and gas production. The segment designs, manufactures, and sells equipment and technologies needed for hydraulic fracture stimulation, including pressure pumping trucks and pumps, blenders, sanders, hydration units, injection units, flowline, manifolds and wellheads; well intervention, including coiled tubing units, coiled tubing, and wireline units and tools; onshore production, including composite pipe, surface transfer and progressive cavity pumps, and artificial lift systems; and, offshore production, including floating production systems and subsea production technologies. Primary facilities are located in Houston, Fort Worth, Texas; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Senai, Malaysia; Kalundborg, Denmark; Superporto du Acu, Brazil; and Manchester, England.

Raw Materials

The Company believes that materials and components used in its operations are generally available from multiple sources. The prices paid by the Company for its raw materials may be affected by, among other things, energy, steel and other commodity prices; tariffs and duties on imported materials; and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company has experienced rising, declining and stable prices for mild steel and standard grades in line with broader economic activity and has generally seen specialty alloy prices continue to rise, driven primarily by escalation in the price of the alloying agents. The Company has generally been successful in its effort to mitigate the financial impact of higher raw materials costs on its operations by applying surcharges to, and adjusting prices on, the products it sells. Higher prices and lower availability of steel and other raw materials the Company uses in its business may adversely impact future periods.

Backlog

The Company monitors its backlog of orders within its Rig Systems and Completion & Production Solutions segments to guide its planning. Backlog includes orders which typically require more than three months to manufacture and deliver.

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Backlog measurements are made on the basis of written orders which are firm, but may be defaulted upon by the customer in some instances. Most require reimbursement to the Company for costs incurred in such an event. There can be no assurance that the backlog amounts will ultimately be realized as revenue, or that the Company will earn a profit on backlog work. Backlog for Rig Systems at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, was $6.1 billion, $12.5 billion and $15.0 billion, respectively. Backlog for Completion & Production Solutions at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $1.0 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively.

Employees

At December 31, 2015, the Company had a total of 50,197 employees, of which 5,871 were temporary employees. Approximately 470 employees in the U.S. are subject to collective bargaining agreements. Additionally, certain of the Company’s employees in various foreign locations are subject to collective bargaining agreements. The Company believes its relationship with its employees is good.

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You should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to other information contained or incorporated by reference herein. Realization of any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

We are dependent upon the level of activity in the oil and gas industry, which is volatile.

The oil and gas industry historically has experienced significant volatility. Demand for our products and services depends primarily upon the number of oil rigs in operation, the number of oil and gas wells being drilled, the depth and drilling conditions of these wells, the volume of production, the number of well completions, capital expenditures of other oilfield service companies and the level of workover activity. Drilling and workover activity can fluctuate significantly in a short period of time, particularly in the United States and Canada. The willingness of oil and gas operators to make capital expenditures to explore for and produce oil and natural gas and the willingness of oilfield service companies to invest in capital equipment will continue to be influenced by numerous factors over which we have no control, including:

The current significant oil and gas industry downturn has resulted in reduced demand for oilfield services, which has had, and may continue to have, a significant adverse impact on our financial results. If these conditions worsen or oil and gas prices do not improve, further reductions in spending by the oil and gas industry could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Volatile oil and gas prices affect demand for our products.

Expectations for future oil and gas prices cause many shifts in the strategies and expenditure levels of oil and gas companies and drilling contractors, particularly with respect to decisions to purchase major capital equipment of the type we manufacture. Oil and gas prices, which are determined by the marketplace, may fall below a range that is acceptable to our customers, which could reduce demand for our products.

There are risks associated with certain contracts for our equipment.

As of December 31, 2015, we had a backlog of capital equipment to be manufactured, assembled, tested and delivered by Rig Systems and Completion & Production Solutions in the amount of $6.1 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. The following factors, in addition to others not listed, could reduce our margins on these contracts, adversely impact completion of these contracts, adversely affect our position in the market or subject us to contractual penalties:

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The Company’s existing contracts for rig equipment generally carry significant down payment and progress billing terms favorable to the ultimate completion of these projects and the majority do not allow customers to cancel projects for convenience. However, unfavorable market conditions or financial difficulties experienced by our customers may result in cancellation of contracts or the delay or abandonment of projects. Any such developments could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. We consummated a settlement with a shipyard customer on December 28, 2015 concerning seven contracts for the supply of drilling equipment packages for drillship construction projects in Brazil (collectively the “Supply Contracts”). Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, the Supply Contracts have been terminated. We did not take a charge as a result of the settlement; however we did reduce the Rig Systems segment backlog by $1.2 billion in the quarter. At December 31, 2015, our backlog included $1.8 billion for the remaining 15 rigs across three shipyards in Brazil.

Competition in our industry could ultimately lead to lower revenue and earnings.

The oilfield products and services industry is highly competitive. We compete with national, regional and foreign competitors in each of our current major product lines. Certain of these competitors may have greater financial, technical, manufacturing and marketing resources than us, and may be in a better competitive position. The following competitive actions can each affect our revenue and earnings:

In addition, certain foreign jurisdictions and government-owned petroleum companies located in some of the countries in which we operate have adopted policies or regulations which may give local nationals in these countries competitive advantages. Actions taken by our competitors and changes in local policies, preferences or regulations could impact our ability to compete in certain markets and adversely affect our financial results.

We have expanded our businesses through acquisitions and internal growth and intend to maintain a growth strategy.

We have expanded and grown our businesses during the past several years, through acquisitions and investment in internal growth and continue to pursue a growth strategy but we cannot assure you that attractive acquisitions will be available to us at reasonable prices or at all. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will successfully integrate the operations and assets of any acquired business with our own or that our management will be able to manage effectively any new lines of business. Any inability on the part of management to integrate and manage acquired businesses and their assumed liabilities could adversely affect our business and financial performance. In addition, we may need to incur substantial indebtedness to finance future acquisitions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain this financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. Future acquisitions may result in increased depreciation and amortization expense, increased interest expense, increased financial leverage or decreased operating income for the Company, any of which could cause our business to suffer.

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Our operating results have fluctuated during recent years and these fluctuations may continue.

We have experienced fluctuations in quarterly operating results in the past. We cannot assure that we will realize earnings growth or that earnings in any particular quarter will not fall short of either a prior fiscal quarter or investors’ expectations. The following factors, in addition to others not listed, may affect our quarterly operating results in the future:

There are risks associated with our presence in international markets, including political or economic instability, currency restrictions, and trade and economic sanctions.

Approximately 75% of our revenues in 2015 were derived from operations outside the United States (based on revenue destination). Our foreign operations include significant operations in Argentina, Canada, Brazil, Europe, the Middle East, China, Africa, Nigeria, Southeast Asia, Russia, Latin America and other international markets. Our revenues and operations are subject to the risks normally associated with conducting business in foreign countries, including uncertain political and economic environments, which may limit or disrupt markets, restrict the movement of funds or result in the deprivation of contract rights or the taking of property without fair compensation. Government-owned petroleum companies located in some of the countries in which we operate have adopted policies, or are subject to governmental policies, giving preference to the purchase of goods and services from companies that are majority-owned by local nationals. As a result of these policies, we may rely on joint ventures, license arrangements and other business combinations with local nationals in these countries. In addition, political considerations may disrupt the commercial relationships between us and government-owned petroleum companies or oilfield service companies.

Our operations outside the United States could also expose us to trade and economic sanctions or other restrictions imposed by the United States as well as non-U.S. Governmental Regulatory Authorities. The U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, other U.S. federal agencies and foreign governmental authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of trading sanctions laws, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), other federal statutes, and foreign anti-bribery, anti-corruption and trade laws. Under U.S. trading sanctions laws, the government authorities may seek to impose modifications to business practices, including cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries, and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs. If any of the risks described above materialize, it could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to comply with the FCPA and foreign anti-bribery laws is dependent on the success of our ongoing compliance program, including our ability to continue to supervise, train and retain competent employees. Our compliance program also depends on the efforts of our employees to comply with applicable law. We could be subject to sanctions and civil and criminal prosecution as well as fines and penalties in the event of a finding of a violation of the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws by us or any of our employees. Compliance with, and changes in, laws could be costly and could affect operating results. In addition, government disruptions could negatively impact our ability to conduct our business.

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We have operations in the U.S. and in approximately 70 countries that can be impacted by changes in the legal and business environments in which we operate, including new legislation, new regulations, new policies, investigations and legal proceedings and new interpretations of existing legal rules and regulations, export control laws or exchange control laws, additional restrictions on doing business in countries subject to sanctions, and changes in laws in countries where we operate or intend to operate all could adversely impact our business.

Further, in some instances, direct or indirect consumers of our products and services, entities providing financing for purchases of our products and services or members of the supply chain for our products and services may become involved in governmental investigations, internal investigations, political or other enforcement matters. In such circumstances, such investigations may adversely impact the ability of consumers of our products, entities providing financial support to such consumers or entities in the supply chain to timely perform their business plans or to timely perform under agreements with us.

The on-going, publicly disclosed investigations in Brazil may continue to adversely impact our shipyard customers, their customers, entities providing financing for our shipyard customers and/or entities in the supply chain. We consummated a settlement with a shipyard customer on December 28, 2015 concerning seven contracts for the supply of drilling equipment packages for drillship construction projects in Brazil (collectively the “Supply Contracts”). Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, the Supply Contracts have been terminated. We did not take a charge as a result of the settlement and, on a net basis, there was no change to our prior estimates on our Brazil contracts impacting income; however we did reduce the Rig Systems segment backlog by $1.2 billion in the quarter. At December 31, 2015, our backlog included $1.8 billion for the remaining 15 rigs across three shipyards in Brazil. The investigations in Brazil have led to, and are expected to continue to lead to, delays in deliveries to our shipyard customers in Brazil, along with temporary suspension of performance under our supply contracts, and could result in additional cancellations or other breaches of our contracts by our shipyard customers. Our shipyard customers’ customer in Brazil has stated its intent to build some of the drillships it originally contracted for with our shipyard customers.

Customers (typically drillship owners or drilling contractors) of our shipyard customers have sought and may in the future seek to suspend, delay or cancel their contracts or payments due to such shipyards. As a result, our shipyard customers have sought and may in the future seek to suspend, delay or cancel deliveries of our drilling equipment packages for the affected drillships. To the extent our shipyard customers and their customers become engaged in disputes or litigation related to any such suspensions, delays or cancellations, we may also become involved, either directly or indirectly, in such disputes or litigation, as we enforce the terms of our contracts with our shipyard customers. Even though the contracts with our shipyard customers for the supply of drilling equipment packages do not provide for cancellation for convenience, in light of the decline in oil prices and the deterioration in the energy markets, we are starting to experience suspensions, delays and attempted cancellations with greater frequency. While we manage equipment deliveries and collection of payment to achieve milestone payments that mitigate our financial risk, such delays, suspensions, attempted cancellations, breaches of contract or other similar circumstances, could adversely affect our operating results and could reduce our backlog.

Sanctions imposed by the United States, European Union and other countries could adversely impact our business activities in or related to Russia and certain Russian companies, including prohibitions of certain sales of goods and services, delays in executing construction or manufacturing projects, credit risk and adverse impacts due to currency fluctuations. To date, we have not identified any material adverse financial impact to our business from these sanctions. Future trade regulations or sanctions, however, could result in adverse impacts on our operating results and financial condition.

We have received U.S. federal grand jury subpoenas and subsequent inquiries from U.S. governmental agencies requesting records related to our compliance with U.S. export trade laws and regulations. We have cooperated fully with agents from the Department of Justice, the Bureau of Industry and Security, the Office of Foreign Assets Control, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in responding to the inquiries. We have also

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cooperated with an informal inquiry from the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the inquiries previously made by the aforementioned federal agencies. We have conducted our own internal review of this matter. At the conclusion of our internal review in the fourth quarter of 2009, we identified possible areas of concern and discussed these areas of concern with the relevant agencies. We are currently negotiating a potential resolution with the agencies involved related to these matters. We currently anticipate that any administrative fine or penalty agreed to as part of a resolution would be within established accruals, and would not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. To the extent a resolution is not negotiated as anticipated, we cannot predict the timing or effect that any resulting government actions may have on our financial position or results of operations.

The results of our operations are subject to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

We earn revenues, pay expenses, purchase assets and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including, but not limited to, the Canadian dollar, the Euro, the British pound sterling, the Norwegian krone and the South Korean won. Approximately 75% of our 2015 revenue was derived from sales outside the United States. Because our Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period. Thus, increases or decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies in which our operations are conducted will affect our revenue and operating income. Because of the geographic diversity of our operations, weaknesses in some currencies might be offset by strengths in others over time. We use derivative financial instruments to mitigate our net exposure to currency exchange fluctuations. We had forward contracts with a notional amount of $3,545 million (with a fair value of a net liability of $260 million) as of December 31, 2015, to reduce the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements. We are also subject to risks that the counterparties to these contracts fail to meet the terms of our foreign currency contracts. We cannot assure you that fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates would not affect our financial results.

An impairment of goodwill or other indefinite lived intangible assets could reduce our earnings.

The Company has approximately $7.0 billion of goodwill and $0.4 billion of other intangible assets with indefinite lives as of December 31, 2015. Generally accepted accounting principles require the Company to test goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or circumstances indicate they might be impaired. Events or circumstances which could indicate a potential impairment include (but are not limited to) a significant sustained reduction in worldwide oil and gas prices or drilling; a significant sustained reduction in profitability or cash flow of oil and gas companies or drilling contractors; a significant sustained reduction in capital investment by other oilfield service companies; or a significant increase in worldwide inventories of oil or gas. The timing and magnitude of any goodwill impairment charge, which could be material, would depend on the timing and severity of the event or events triggering the charge and would require a high degree of management judgment. If we were to determine that any of our remaining balance of goodwill or other indefinite lived intangible assets was impaired, we would record an immediate charge to earnings with a corresponding reduction in stockholders’ equity; resulting in a possible increase in balance sheet leverage as measured by debt to total capitalization.

In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company impaired $1.6 billion of goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets. See additional discussion on “Goodwill and Other Indefinite—Lived Intangible Assets” in Critical Accounting Estimates of Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We could be adversely affected if we fail to comply with any of the numerous federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies that govern environmental protection, zoning and other matters applicable to our businesses.

Our businesses are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies governing environmental protection, zoning and other matters. These laws and regulations have changed frequently in the past and it is reasonable to expect additional changes in the future. If existing regulatory requirements change, we

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may be required to make significant unanticipated capital and operating expenditures. We cannot assure you that our operations will continue to comply with future laws and regulations. Governmental authorities may seek to impose fines and penalties on us or to revoke or deny the issuance or renewal of operating permits for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations. Under these circumstances, we might be required to reduce or cease operations or conduct site remediation or other corrective action which could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.

Our businesses expose us to potential environmental, product or personal injury liability.

Our businesses expose us to the risk that harmful substances may escape into the environment or a product could fail to perform or cause personal injury which could result in:

Our current and past activities, as well as the activities of our former divisions and subsidiaries, could result in our facing substantial environmental, regulatory and other litigation and liabilities. These could include the costs of cleanup of contaminated sites and site closure obligations. These liabilities could also be imposed on the basis of one or more of the following theories:

We may not have adequate insurance for potential environmental, product or personal injury liabilities.

While we maintain liability insurance, this insurance is subject to coverage limits. In addition, certain policies do not provide coverage for damages resulting from environmental contamination or may exclude coverage for other reasons. We face the following risks with respect to our insurance coverage:

Even a partially uninsured claim, if successful and of significant size, could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

The adoption of climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of greenhouse gases could increase our operating costs or reduce demand for our products.

Environmental advocacy groups and regulatory agencies in the United States and other countries have been focusing considerable attention on the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases and their potential role in climate change. The adoption of laws and regulations to implement controls of greenhouse gases, including the imposition of fees or taxes, could adversely impact our operations and financial condition.

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The U.S. Congress is currently working on legislation to control and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in the United States, which includes establishing cap-and-trade programs. In addition to the pending climate legislation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed regulations that would require permits for and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for certain facilities, and may issue final rules this year. These changes in the legal and regulatory environment could reduce oil and natural gas drilling activity and result in a corresponding decline in the demand for our products and services, which could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

We had revenues of greater than 10% of total revenue from one of our customers during the year ended December 31, 2013.

The loss of this customer (Samsung Heavy Industries) or a significant reduction in its purchases could adversely affect our future revenues and earnings. Samsung Heavy Industries is a shipyard acting as a general contractor for its customers, who are drillship owners and drilling contractors. This shipyard’s customers have specified that the Company’s drilling equipment be installed on their drillships and have required the shipyard to issue contracts to the Company. The Company had revenues of 4% of total revenue and 7% of total revenue from Samsung Heavy Industries for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Our information systems may experience an interruption or breach in security.

We rely heavily on information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of our information systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger systems and other systems. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that any breach or interruption will be sufficiently limited. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

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GLOSSARY OF OILFIELD TERMS

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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The Company owned or leased approximately 835 facilities worldwide as of December 31, 2015, including the following principal manufacturing, service, distribution and administrative facilities:

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We own or lease approximately 300 repair and manufacturing facilities that refurbish and manufacture new equipment and parts, 400 service centers that provide inspection and equipment rental and 135 engineering, sales and administration facilities.

We have various claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings that are pending or threatened, all arising in the ordinary course of business, with respect to commercial, product liability and employee matters. Although no assurance can be given with respect to the outcome of these or any other pending legal and administrative proceedings and the effect such outcomes may have, we believe any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such claims, lawsuits or administrative proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Information regarding mine safety and other regulatory actions at our mines is included in Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-K.

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PART II

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “NOV”. The following table sets forth, for the calendar periods indicated, the range of high and low closing prices for the common stock, as reported by the NYSE and the cash dividends declared per share.

As of February 12, 2016, there were 3,122 holders of record of our common stock. Many stockholders choose to own shares through brokerage accounts and other intermediaries rather than as holders of record (excluding individual participants in securities positions listing) so the actual number of stockholders is unknown but significantly higher.

Cash dividends aggregated $710 million and $703 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The declaration and payment of future dividends is at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, future outlook and other factors deemed relevant by the Company’s Board of Directors.

The information relating to our equity compensation plans required by Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” is incorporated by reference to such information as set forth in Item 12. “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” contained herein.

Share Repurchases

During the third quarter of 2015 the Company completed its $3 billion share repurchase program. As shares were repurchased, they were constructively retired and returned to an unissued state. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased 44.0 million and 11.6 million shares, respectively, under the program for an average price of $50.53 and $66.97 per share, respectively, for an aggregate amount of $2,221 million and $799 million, respectively.

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PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The graph below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock to the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Oil & Gas Equipment & Services Index. The total shareholder return assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2010 in National Oilwell Varco, Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Oil & Gas Equipment & Services Index. It also assumes reinvestment of all dividends. The peer group is weighted based on the market capitalization of each company. The results shown in the graph below are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

ILLEGIBLE

This information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the Commission or subject to Regulation 14A (17 CFR 240.14a-1-240.14a-104), other than as provided in Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K, or to the liabilities of section 18 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78r).

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General Overview

The Company is a leading worldwide provider of highly engineered drilling and well-servicing equipment, products and services to the exploration and production segments of the oil and gas industry. With operations in approximately 835 locations across six continents, we design, manufacture and service a comprehensive line of drilling and well servicing equipment; sell and rent drilling motors, specialized downhole tools, and rig instrumentation; perform inspection and internal coating of oilfield tubular products; provide drill cuttings separation, management and disposal systems and services; and provide expendables and spare parts used in conjunction with our large installed base of equipment. We also manufacture coiled tubing and high pressure fiberglass and composite tubing, and sell and rent advanced in-line inspection equipment to makers of oil country tubular goods. We have a long tradition of pioneering innovations which improve the cost-effectiveness, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of oil and gas operations.

Our revenue and operating results are directly related to the level of worldwide oil and gas drilling and production activities and the profitability and cash flow of oil and gas companies and drilling contractors, which in turn are affected by current and anticipated prices of oil and gas. Oil and gas prices have been and are likely to continue to be volatile. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors”. We conduct our operations through four business segments: Rig Systems, Rig Aftermarket, Wellbore Technologies and Completion & Production Solutions. See Item 1. “Business”, for a discussion of each of these business segments.

Unless indicated otherwise, results of operations are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results of operations, certain non-GAAP financial measures, including operating profit excluding other items, operating profit percentage excluding other items, diluted earnings per share excluding other items and operating (non-GAAP) earnings, are provided. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations in Results of Operations for an explanation of our use of non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations to their corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Operating Environment Overview

Our results are dependent on, among other things, the level of worldwide oil and gas drilling, well remediation activity, the price of crude oil and natural gas, capital spending by exploration and production companies and drilling contractors, and worldwide oil and gas inventory levels. Key industry indicators for the past three years include the following:

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The following table details the U.S., Canadian, and international rig activity and West Texas Intermediate Oil prices for the past nine quarters ended December 31, 2015 on a quarterly basis:

Source: Rig count: Baker Hughes, Inc. (www.bakerhughes.com); West Texas Intermediate Crude Price: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration ( www.eia.doe.gov ).

The average price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate Crude was $48.71 in 2015, a decrease of 48% over the average price for 2014 of $93.26 per barrel. The average natural gas price was $2.61 per mmbtu, a decrease of 40% compared to the 2014 average of $4.38 per mmbtu. Average rig activity worldwide decreased 35% for the full year in 2015 compared to 2014. The average crude oil price for the fourth quarter of 2015 was $41.95 per barrel, and natural gas was $2.11 per mmbtu.

At February 12, 2016, there were 763 rigs actively drilling in North America, compared to 781 rigs at December 31, 2015; a decrease of 2% from year end 2015 levels. The price of oil decreased to $29.76 per barrel and gas decreased to $1.99 per mmbtu at February 12, 2016, representing a 22% decrease in oil prices and a 17% decrease in gas prices from the end of 2015.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

National Oilwell Varco, Inc. generated revenue of $14.8 billion in 2015, a decrease of 31% from the prior year due to declining oil and gas prices resulting in reduced drilling activity and demand for oilfield equipment and services. Average 2015 worldwide rig count (as measured by Baker Hughes) decreased 35% in comparison to 2014. The broad-based decline in activity led all four of the Company’s reporting segments to post lower year-over-year revenues in comparison to 2014.

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For the year ended December 2015 the Company reported an operating loss of $390 million compared to operating profit of $3.6 billion in 2014 and a net loss from continuing operations of $769 million, or $1.99 per share compared to net income of $2.5 billion or $5.70 per fully diluted share during 2014. Operating profit excluding other items (as defined in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations” in Results of Operations) was $1,634 million in 2015 and earnings per share excluding other items was $2.80 in 2015, a 54% decrease from $6.07 per diluted share in 2014.

For the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2015, revenue was $2.7 billion, a $584 million or 18% decrease compared to the third quarter of 2015. The Company reported a net loss of $1,523 million from continuing operations, or $4.06 per fully diluted share, a decrease of $1,678 million, or $4.47 per fully diluted share. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, revenue decreased $2,987 million or 52%, and net income from continuing operations decreased $2,118 million.

During the fourth quarter of 2015, third quarter of 2015, and fourth quarter of 2014, pre-tax other items were $1,773 million, $112 million and $105 million, respectively. Excluding the other items from all periods, fourth quarter 2015 earnings were $0.23 per fully diluted share, compared to $0.61 per fully diluted share in the third quarter of 2015 and $1.69 per fully diluted share in the fourth quarter of 2014.

Operating profit excluding other items was $141 million or 5.2% of sales in the fourth quarter of 2015, compared to $346 million or 10.5% of sales in the third quarter of 2015, and $1,018 million or 17.8% of sales in the fourth quarter of 2014.

Oil & Gas Equipment and Services Market

Over the past decade, technological advancements in the oilfield equipment and service space unlocked production from formations that were previously deemed uneconomic, especially in North America. According to the Rystad Energy DCube, from 2004 to 2014 global oil and liquids supply increased by 9.9 million barrels per day, 5.8 million barrels per day from U.S. unconventional resources, 1.7 million barrels per day from deep-water (defined as water depths greater than 400 feet) resources and 2.4 million barrels per day from other sources. The advances in technology combined with relatively high commodity prices caused by growing demand enabled and sustained an increase in global drilling activity. In recent years, global supply started to catch up to demand, and in the latter half of 2014, demand growth in areas such as Asia, Europe and the U.S. weakened while drilling activity remained strong and production continued to grow. As a result, the first signs of an oversupply-related imbalance appeared and prices began to decline. Unlike previous cycles, when the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) curtailed production levels to defend pricing, certain members of OPEC increased production in an effort to increase market share and financially stress higher cost producers, most notably those operating in the North American shale market. As a result, the price of oil declined significantly during early 2015, remained depressed throughout the year, and underwent another major reduction toward the end of 2015. In early 2016, the market witnessed oil trading in the high $20 per barrel range, a price range not seen since 2003.

In response to rapidly deteriorating market conditions, operators adjusted accordingly by acutely reducing both operating and capital expenditures. Orders for our equipment and services slowed and rig counts declined rapidly. For the fourth quarter of 2015, the average number of active rigs drilling worldwide decreased 44% year-over-year, with a 60% decline in the North American market alone.

Segment Performance

Rig Systems

The Company’s Rig Systems segment generated $7.0 billion in revenue and $1.2 billion in operating profit, or 17.3% of revenue, during 2015. Compared to the prior year, revenue decreased 29% and operating profit dollars decreased 40%. For the fourth quarter of 2015, the segment generated $1.0 billion in revenue and $113 million in operating profit, or 11.1% of revenue. Compared to the prior quarter, revenue decreased $481 million or 32%,

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and operating profit decreased $140 million or 55%. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, segment revenue decreased $1,546 million or 60%, and operating profit decreased $398 million or 78%. Fourth quarter 2015 revenue out of backlog for the Rig Systems segment decreased 35% sequentially and 63% year-over-year on fewer shipments of land rigs and postponed delivery dates of some offshore projects. During the fourth quarter of 2015, the segment received $89 million in new orders, primarily composed of discreet capital equipment components including top drives, blowout preventers and offshore cranes. Year-end backlog for the segment was $6.1 billion a 24% decline sequentially and a 52% decrease year-over-year.

Rig Aftermarket

The Company’s Rig Aftermarket segment generated $2.5 billion in revenue and $605 million in operating profit, or 24.1% of revenue, during 2015. Compared to the prior year, revenue decreased 22% and operating profit dollars decreased 31% year-over-year. For the fourth quarter of 2015, the segment generated $569 million in revenue and $126 million in operating profit, or 22.1% of revenue. Compared to the prior quarter, revenue decreased $1 million, and operating profit decreased $19 million or 13%. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, segment revenue decreased $281 million or 33%, and operating profit decreased $119 million or 49%. Revenue decreased year-over-year as drilling contractors reduced spending and depleted existing spares inventories rather than purchase new, and deferred repair and maintenance work on their rig fleets when possible.

Wellbore Technologies

The Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment generated $3.7 billion in revenue and $1,613 million in operating loss, or a negative 43.4% of revenue, for the full year 2015. Compared to the prior year, revenue decreased $2,004 million and operating profit decreased $2,550 million. For the fourth quarter of 2015, the segment generated $757 million in revenue and $1,723 million in operating loss, or a negative 227.6% of revenue. Compared to the prior quarter, revenue decreased $77 million or 9%, and operating profit decreased $1,716 million. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, revenue decreased $772 million, and operating profit decreased $1,895 million. Revenue decreased in correlation with lower levels of worldwide drilling activity, which required and consumed less of the segment’s services and product offerings. Year-over-year operating margins declined on lower volumes, a market decline that outpaced cost reduction efforts and a $1,634 million impairment charge related to goodwill and a certain indefinite-lived trade name.

Completion & Production Solutions

The Company’s Completion & Production Solutions segment generated $3.4 billion in revenue and $161 million in operating profit, or 4.8% of revenue, for the full year 2015. Compared to the prior year, revenue decreased 28% and operating profit decreased $529 million. Year-over-year revenue decreases were attributable to reduced demand and customers delaying receipt of finished orders for onshore completion and production equipment in response to commodity price declines. For the fourth quarter of 2015, the segment generated $746 million in revenue and $1 million in operating profit, or 0.1% of revenue. Compared to the prior quarter, revenue decreased $52 million or 7%, and operating profit decreased $2 million. Sequentially, revenue and operating profit decreased on lower activity levels and pricing pressures. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, revenue decreased $579 million and operating profit decreased $213 million as lower levels of worldwide drilling activity resulted in reduced sales across most product lines.

Outlook

The persistent supply and demand imbalance has led to low commodity prices and significantly reduced activity by exploration and production companies. The reduced activity has created an oversupply of service capacity and capital equipment resulting in increasingly challenging prospects for many of our customers in the form of reduced volumes and pricing pressures. Consequently, we are cautious in our outlook for 2016, and anticipate that our customers will minimize capital expenditures until they see the early signs of a recovery in commodity

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prices and overall activity levels. We also expect them to minimize parts purchases and postpone maintenance using existing stocks of spares and cannibalizing idle equipment whenever possible.

In the current environment, contractors are hesitant to invest in older equipment which can be far less productive and competitive. As a result, we anticipate that the industry will retire a significant portion of the current base of capital equipment during this cyclical downturn, which could result in newbuild orders when commodity prices recover and activity increases. However, a meaningful increase in drilling activity is not expected in early 2016 as commodity prices remain at decade lows. As a result, our near-term outlook remains cautious and visibility beyond the early part of 2016 remains limited as the duration of the current market downturn is uncertain.

We expect the slope and timing of revenue decline, stabilization and recovery will be different across our four business segments. Likewise, our global customer base includes national oil companies, international oil companies, onshore and offshore drilling contractors and others whose strategies and reactions to low commodity prices vary. Our Completion & Production Solutions segment is expected to see an increase in activity when decisions are made to complete and produce the inventory of already drilled wells. Our Wellbore Technologies and Rig Aftermarket segments are expected to see stronger recovery as drilling of new wells increases, while orders for newbuild rigs in our Rig Systems segment may come later in the cycle.

Throughout 2016 we will continue to focus on what we can control, in the form of sizing our operations with anticipated levels of activity while continuing to advance our longer term strategic goals. The Company has a history of implementing cost-controls measures and downsizing in response to depressed market conditions and has a track record of executing strategic acquisitions and developing new products and technologies. The Company remains optimistic regarding longer-term market fundamentals as existing oil and gas fields continue to deplete and numerous major projects to replenish supply are deferred or canceled while global demand continues to grow.

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Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue and operating profit (loss) by operating segment in 2015 and 2014 (in millions):

Rig Systems

Revenue from Rig Systems for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $6,964 million, a decrease of $2,884 million (29.3%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was due to lower land rig shipments and delayed delivery dates of certain offshore projects.

Operating profit from Rig Systems was $1,206 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of $790 million (39.6%) compared to 2014. Operating profit percentage decreased to 17.3%, from 20.3% in 2014. Operating profit percentage decreased primarily due to lower volumes. Despite the strong fall off in revenue, strategic cost management efforts significantly reduced the decline in operating profit percentage.

Included in operating profit are certain restructuring and other items related to costs associated with a Voluntary Early Retirement Plan established by the Company during the first quarter of 2015 and costs related to severance and facility closures. Restructuring and other items included in operating profit for Rig Systems were $105 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and nil for the year ended December 31, 2014.

The Rig Systems segment monitors its capital equipment backlog to plan its business. New orders are added to backlog only when the Company receives a firm written order for major drilling rig components or a signed contract related to a construction project. The capital equipment backlog was $6.1 billion at December 31, 2015, a decrease of $6.4 billion, or 52%, from backlog of $12.5 billion at December 31, 2014. Numerous factors may affect the timing of revenue out of backlog. Considering these factors, the Company reasonably expects

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approximately $2.2 billion of revenue out of backlog in 2016 and approximately $3.9 billion of revenue out of backlog in 2017 and thereafter. At December 31, 2015, approximately 90% of the capital equipment backlog was for offshore products and approximately 93% of the capital equipment backlog was destined for international markets.

Rig Aftermarket

Revenue from Rig Aftermarket for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $2,515 million, a decrease of $707 million (21.9%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was due to lower global drilling activity which has caused customers to use existing inventories and components from idle and unused rigs to repair better utilized rigs rather than purchase new.

Operating profit from Rig Aftermarket was $605 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of $277 million (31.4%) compared to 2014. Operating profit percentage decreased to 24.1%, from 27.4% in 2014. Operating profit percentage decreased primarily due to lower volumes and pricing pressure.

Included in operating profit are certain restructuring and other items related to costs associated with a Voluntary Early Retirement Plan established by the Company during the first quarter of 2015 and costs related to severance and facility closures. Restructuring and other items included in operating profit for Rig Aftermarket were $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and nil for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Wellbore Technologies

Revenue from Wellbore Technologies for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $3,718 million, a decrease of $2,004 million (35.0%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was due to lower drilling activity.

Operating loss from Wellbore Technologies was $1,613 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to operating profit of $937 million for 2014, a decrease of $2,550 million (272.1%). Operating profit percentage decreased to negative 43.4% from 16.4% in 2014. Operating profit decreased mainly due to a $1,658 million impairment charge incurred on the carrying value of goodwill in the segment’s Drilling & Intervention and Drill Pipe business units as well as a certain indefinite-lived trade name associated with this segment in the fourth quarter of 2015, as well as the overall decrease in drilling activity.

Included in operating profit are certain restructuring and other items related to costs associated with a Voluntary Early Retirement Plan established by the Company during the first quarter of 2015 and costs related to severance and facility closures. Restructuring and other items included in operating profit for Wellbore Technologies were $117 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Completion & Production Solutions

Revenue from Completion & Production Solutions for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $3,365 million, a decrease of $1,280 million (27.6%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease was due lower market activity.

Operating profit from Completion & Production Solutions was $161 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $690 million for 2014, a decrease of $529 million (76.7%). Operating profit percentage decreased to 4.8% from 14.9% in 2014. This decrease was due to the overall decrease in market activity as well as $24 million in impairment charges incurred on intangible assets.

Included in operating profit are certain restructuring and other items related to costs associated with a Voluntary Early Retirement Plan established by the Company during the first quarter of 2015; costs related to severance and

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facility closures; items related to acquisitions, such as transaction costs, the amortization of backlog and inventory that was stepped up to fair value during purchase accounting. Restructuring and other items included in operating profit for Completion & Production Solutions were $101 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $10 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.

The Completion & Productions Solutions segment monitors its capital equipment backlog to plan its business. New orders are added to backlog only when the Company receives a firm written order for major completion and production components or a signed contract related to a construction project. The capital equipment backlog was $969 million at December 31, 2015, a decrease of $810 million, or 46% from backlog of $1,780 million at December 31, 2014. Numerous factors may affect the timing of revenue out of backlog. Considering these factors, the Company reasonably expects approximately $778 million of revenue out of backlog in 2016 and approximately $191 million of revenue out of backlog in 2017 and thereafter. At December 31, 2015, approximately 75% of the capital equipment backlog was for offshore products and approximately 87% of the capital equipment backlog was destined for international markets.

Eliminations

Eliminations in operating profit were $749 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $892 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. This change is primarily due to lower intersegment sales. Sales from one segment to another generally are priced at estimated equivalent commercial selling prices; however, segments originating an external sale are credited with the full profit to the company. Eliminations include intercompany transactions conducted between the four reporting segments that are eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany transactions within each reporting segment are eliminated within each reporting segment.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net were expenses of $123 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to expenses of $90 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase was primarily due to higher foreign exchange losses.

Provision for income taxes

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was (30.2)%, compared to 29.7% for 2014. Compared to the U.S. statutory rate, the effective tax rate was positively impacted in the period by a domestic loss, the effect of lower tax rates on income earned in foreign jurisdictions, a reduction of deferred taxes due to decreases in statutory tax rates of foreign jurisdictions, and foreign exchange losses for tax reporting in Norway. The effective tax rate was negatively impacted by additional U.S. tax on foreign dividends net of foreign tax credits, the recognition and settlement of an uncertain tax position in a foreign jurisdiction, and nondeductible expenses. The nondeductible expenses primarily consist of non-deductible goodwill impaired during the year ended December 31, 2015.

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Years Ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenue and operating profit by operating segment in 2014 and 2013 (in millions):

Rig Systems

Revenue from Rig Systems for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $9,848 million, an increase of $1,398 million (16.5%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. Increased demand for high-spec land rigs and equipment resulted in higher revenues for Rig Systems in 2014. In addition, increased capacity enabled Rig Systems to generate revenue out of backlog of $8,689 million during 2014, compared to revenue out of backlog of $7,385 million during 2013.

Operating profit from Rig Systems was $1,996 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $402 million (25.2%) compared to 2013. Operating profit percentage increased to 20.3%, from 18.9% in 2013. Increased demand for high-spec land rigs and equipment generated higher operating profit percentages.

Included in operating profit are certain Other items which include items such as transaction costs and inventory that was stepped up during purchase accounting. Other items included in operating profit for Rig Systems were nil for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $21 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Rig Systems segment monitors its capital equipment backlog to plan its business. New orders are added to backlog only when the Company receives a firm written order for major drilling rig components or a signed contract related to a construction project. The capital equipment backlog was $12.5 billion at December 31, 2014, a decrease of $2.5 billion (17%) from backlog of $15.0 billion at December 31, 2013.

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Rig Aftermarket

Revenue from Rig Aftermarket for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $3,222 million, an increase of $530 million (19.7%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase is primarily due to increased demand for spare parts, repairs and services as a result of high levels of drilling activity and our large installed base of equipment.

Operating profit from Rig Aftermarket was $882 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $153 million (21.0%) compared to 2013. Operating profit percentage increased slightly to 27.4%, from 27.1% in 2013.

Wellbore Technologies

Revenue from Wellbore Technologies for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $5,722 million, an increase of $511 million (9.8%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase is primarily due to a strengthening in the U.S. market coupled with the fact that customers worked through excess inventory that they had carried into 2013.

Operating profit from Wellbore Technologies was $937 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $915 million for 2013, an increase of $22 million (2.4%). Operating profit percentage decreased to 16.4% from 17.6% in 2013. Operating profit decreased mainly due to a $104 million impairment charge incurred on the carrying value of certain indefinite-lived trade names associated with this segment in the fourth quarter of 2014.

Included in operating profit are certain Other items which include items such as impairment charges, transaction costs and the amortization of inventory that was stepped up during purchase accounting. Other items included in operating profit for Wellbore Technologies were $110 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $41 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Completion & Production Solutions

Revenue from Completion & Production Solutions for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $4,645 million, an increase of $336 million (7.8%) compared to the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by increased demand for well intervention and stimulation equipment, fiberglass pipe, and continued growth in both our floating production and subsea businesses.

Operating profit from Completion & Production Solutions was $690 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $613 million for 2013, an increase of $77 million (12.6%). Operating profit percentage increased to 14.9% from 14.2% in 2013. This increase was primarily related to lower integration costs during 2014 compared to 2013 offset by a decrease in operating profit percentage due to product mix with increased revenues from floating production and subsea products.

Included in operating profit are certain Other items which include items such as transaction costs and the amortization of assets that were stepped up during purchase accounting. Other items included in operating profit for Completion & Production Solutions were $10 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $82 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Completion & Production Solutions monitors its capital equipment backlog to plan its business. New orders are added to backlog only when the Company receives a firm written order for major components or a signed contract related to a construction project. The capital equipment backlog was $1.8 billion at December 31, 2014, an increase of $0.2 million (12%) from backlog of $1.6 billion at December 31, 2013.

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Eliminations

Eliminations in operating profit were $892 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $652 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. This increase was primarily due to increased intercompany sales activity for all segments resulting in higher intersegment eliminations. Sales from one segment to another generally are priced at estimated equivalent commercial selling prices; however, segments originating an external sale are credited with the full profit to the Company. Eliminations include intercompany transactions conducted between the four reporting segments that are eliminated in consolidation. Intercompany transactions within each reporting segment are eliminated within each reporting segment.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net were expenses of $90 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to expenses of $39 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase was primarily due to losses on the sale of certain non-core industrial assets as well as increased bank fees, partially offset by foreign exchange gains.

Provision for income taxes

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2014 was 29.7%, compared to 30.2% for 2013. Compared to the U.S. statutory rate, the effective tax rate was positively impacted in the period by the effect of lower tax rates on income earned in foreign jurisdictions, a reduction in valuation allowance on deferred taxes, and the deduction in the U.S. for manufacturing activities. The effective tax rate was negatively impacted by foreign dividends net of foreign tax credits, and nondeductible expenses.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations

In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose various non-GAAP financial measures in our quarterly earnings press releases and other public disclosures. The primary non-GAAP financial measures we focus on are: (i) operating profit excluding other items, (ii) operating profit percentage excluding other items, (iii) diluted earnings per share excluding other items and operating (non-GAAP) earnings. Each of these financial measures excludes the impact of certain amounts as further identified below and has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is included below.

We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally to evaluate and manage the Company’s operations because we believe it provides useful supplemental information regarding the Company’s on-going economic performance. We have chosen to provide this information to investors to enable them to perform more meaningful comparisons of operating results, and as a means to emphasize the results of on-going operations.

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The following tables set forth the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures (in millions, except per share data):

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company assesses liquidity in terms of its ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. The Company remains in a strong financial position, with resources available to reinvest in existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and capital expenditures to meet short- and long-term objectives. The Company believes that cash on hand, cash generated from expected results of operations and amounts available under its revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund operations, anticipated working capital needs and other cash requirements including capital expenditures, debt and interest payments and dividend payments for the foreseeable future.

At December 31, 2015, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $2,080 million, and total debt of $3,930 million. At December 31, 2014, cash and cash equivalents were $3,536 million and total debt was $3,166 million. A significant portion of the consolidated cash balances are maintained in accounts in various foreign subsidiaries and, if such amounts were transferred among countries or repatriated to the U.S., such amounts may be subject to additional tax obligations. Of the $2,080 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2015, approximately $2,034 million is held outside the U.S. If opportunities to invest in the U.S. are greater than available cash balances, rather than repatriating this cash, the Company may choose to borrow against its revolving credit facility or its commercial paper program.

On August 15, 2015, the Company repaid $151 million of its 6.125% unsecured Senior Notes using available cash balances.

The Company’s outstanding debt at December 31, 2015 was $3,930 million and consisted of $500 million in 1.35% Senior Notes, $1,396 million in 2.60% Senior Notes, $1,096 million in 3.95% Senior Notes, $893 million in commercial paper borrowings and other debt of $45 million. The Company was in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2015.

During the second quarter of 2015, the Company exercised its accordion option to increase aggregate borrowing capacity under its five-year unsecured revolving credit facility by an additional $1.0 billion, bringing the aggregate borrowing capacity to $4.5 billion. In addition to the $893 million in commercial paper borrowings supported by the credit facility, there were no outstanding letters of credit issued under the credit facility, resulting in $3,607 million of funds available under this revolving credit facility.

The Company also had $2,378 million of additional outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2015 that are under various bilateral letter of credit facilities. Other letters of credit are issued as bid bonds, advanced payment bonds and performance bonds. The following table summarizes our net cash provided by continuing operating activities, net cash used in continuing investing activities and net cash used in continuing financing activities for the periods presented (in millions):

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Operating Activities

2015 vs 2014. Net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $1,332 million in 2015 compared to net cash provided by continuing operating activities of $3,080 million in 2014. Before changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, cash was provided by continuing operations primarily through loss from continuing operations of $74 million plus non-cash charges of $505 million, plus $34 million in a dividend received from Voest-Alpine Tubulars, an unconsolidated affiliate, less $13 million in equity income.

Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, used $466 million of cash in 2015 compared to $794 million used in the same period in 2014. The decrease in cash used in 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 was the result of a decline in accounts receivable and inventory; partially offset by a decline in accounts payable and decreased orders in the Rig Systems segment which is reflected in customer financing, where revenue recognized outpaced prepayments and milestone invoicing on major projects.

2014 vs 2013. Net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $2,525 million in 2014 compared to net cash provided by continuing operating activities of $3,080 million in 2013. Before changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, cash was provided by operations primarily through net income from continuing operations of $2,455 million plus non-cash charges of $484 million and a $73 million dividend received from Voest-Alpine Tubulars, an unconsolidated affiliate, less $58 million in equity income. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions, used $794 million in 2014 compared to $350 million provided in 2013. Due to an increase in market activity during 2014 compared to 2013, revenue and backlog increased which is reflected in increased accounts receivable as well as a buildup in inventory. Increased market activity during 2014 also resulted in higher taxes paid, and an increase in both costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs with costs incurred on major rig projects outpacing customer progress and milestone invoicing.

Investing Activities

2015 vs 2014. Net cash used in continuing investing activities was $514 million in 2014 compared to net cash used in continuing investing activities of $1,092 million in 2014. Net cash used in continuing investing activities was primarily the result of capital expenditures and acquisition activity both of which decreased in 2015 compared to 2014. The Company used $453 million during 2015 for capital expenditures compared to $699 million in 2014 and $86 million for acquisitions during 2015, compared to $291 million in 2014.

2014 vs 2013. Net cash used in continuing investing activities was $1,092 million in 2014 compared to net cash used in continuing investing activities of $2,910 million in 2013. Net cash used in continuing investing activities continued to be the result of acquisition activity as well as capital expenditures. The Company used approximately $291 million for acquisitions in 2014, a significant decrease compared to approximately $2.4 billion for the purpose of acquiring Robbins & Myers during 2013. Capital expenditures however increased to $699 million during 2014 compared to $614 million during 2013. In addition, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents decreased $253 million as a result of the spin-off of its distribution business on May 30, 2014.

Financing Activities

2015 vs 2014. Net cash used in continuing financing activities was $2,163 million in 2015 compared to $1,343 million in 2014. This increase was primarily the result of $2,221 million used to repurchase and retire 44.0 million of the Company’s common shares outstanding during 2015. In order to fund a large portion of the share repurchases, the Company entered into net commercial paper borrowings of $893 million during 2015. The Company repaid $151 million of Senior Notes in the third quarter of 2015. In addition, the Company increased its dividend to $710 million during 2015 compared to $703 million in 2014.

2014 vs 2013. Net cash used in continuing financing activities was $1,343 million in 2014 compared to $304 million in 2013. The increase was primarily due to increased dividend payments and the implementation of a share repurchase program. The change was partially offset by increased proceeds from stock options exercised to $108 million during 2014, from $58 million during 2013.

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Other

The effect of the change in exchange rates on cash was a decrease of $111 million, $67 million and $11 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

During the third quarter of 2015 the Company completed its $3 billion share repurchase program. As shares were repurchased, they were constructively retired and returned to an unissued state. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased 44.0 million and 11.6 million shares, respectively, under the program for an average price of $50.53 and $66.97 per share, respectively, for an aggregate amount of $2,221 million and $779 million, respectively.

We believe that cash on hand, cash generated from operations and amounts available under our credit facilities and from other sources of debt will be sufficient to fund operations, working capital needs, capital expenditure requirements, dividends and financing obligations.

We intend to pursue additional acquisition candidates, but the timing, size or success of any acquisition effort and the related potential capital commitments cannot be predicted. We continue to expect to fund future cash acquisitions primarily with cash flow from operations and borrowings, including the unborrowed portion of the revolving credit facility or new debt issuances, but may also issue additional equity either directly or in connection with acquisitions. There can be no assurance that additional financing for acquisitions will be available at terms acceptable to us.

A summary of the Company’s outstanding contractual obligations at December 31, 2015 is as follows (in millions):

As of December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a capital lease agreement covering a period of 25 years, totaling approximately $270 million. This lease becomes effective in 2016.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $46 million of unrecognized tax benefits. This represents the tax benefits associated with various tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, on domestic and international tax returns that have not been recognized in our financial statements due to uncertainty regarding their resolution. Due to the uncertainty of the timing of future cash flows associated with these unrecognized tax benefits, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities. Accordingly, unrecognized tax benefits have been excluded from the contractual obligations table above. For further information related to unrecognized tax benefits, see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In preparing the financial statements, we make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported. We periodically evaluate our estimates and judgments that are most critical in nature which are related to revenue recognition under long-term construction contracts; allowance for doubtful accounts; inventory reserves; impairments of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets); goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets; purchase price allocation of acquisitions; service and product warranties and income taxes. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on our future expectations that we believe are reasonable. The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results are likely to differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

Revenue Recognition under Long-term Construction Contracts

The Company uses the percentage-of-completion method to account for certain long-term construction contracts in the Rig Systems and Completion & Production Solutions segments. These long-term construction contracts include the following characteristics:

This method requires the Company to make estimates regarding the total costs of the project, progress against the project schedule and the estimated completion date, all of which impact the amount of revenue and gross margin the Company recognizes in each reporting period. The Company prepares detailed cost to complete estimates at the beginning of each project, taking into account all factors considered likely to affect gross margin. Significant projects and their related costs and profit margins are updated and reviewed at least quarterly by senior management. Factors that may affect future project costs and margins include shipyard access, weather, production efficiencies, availability and costs of labor, materials and subcomponents and other factors as mentioned in “Risk Factors.” These factors can significantly impact the accuracy of the Company’s estimates and materially impact the Company’s future reported earnings.

Historically, the Company’s estimates have been reasonably dependable regarding the recognition of revenues and gross profits on percentage-of-completion contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the difference between the prior year estimated margin on open contracts and actual results achieved in the years indicated was a net decrease to gross profit margins of 0.53% ($92 million on $17.3 billion of outstanding contracts) and 0.19% ($26 million on $13.8 billion of outstanding contracts), respectively. While the Company believes that its estimates on outstanding contracts at and in future periods will continue to be reasonably dependable under percentage-of-completion accounting, the factors identified in the preceding paragraph could result in significant adjustments in future periods. The Company has recorded revenue on outstanding contracts (on a contract-to-date basis) of $13 billion at December 31, 2015.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The determination of the collectability of amounts due from customer accounts requires the Company to make judgments regarding future events and trends. Allowances for doubtful accounts are determined based on a continuous process of assessing the Company’s portfolio on an individual customer basis taking into account current market conditions and trends. This process consists of a thorough review of historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts, and financial condition of the Company’s customers. Based on a review of these factors, the Company will establish or adjust allowances for specific customers. A substantial portion of the Company’s revenue come from international oil companies, international shipyards, international oilfield service companies, and government-owned or government-controlled oil companies.

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Therefore, the Company has significant receivables in many foreign jurisdictions. If worldwide oil and gas drilling activity or changes in economic conditions in foreign jurisdictions deteriorate, the creditworthiness of the Company’s customers could also deteriorate and they may be unable to pay these receivables, and additional allowances could be required. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, allowance for bad debts totaled $159 million and $125 million, or 5.2% and 2.7% of gross accounts receivable, respectively.

Historically, the Company’s charge-offs and provisions for the allowance for doubtful accounts have been immaterial to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. However, because of the risk factors mentioned above, changes in estimates could become material in future periods.

Inventory Reserves

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. The Company determines reserves for inventory based on historical usage of inventory on-hand, assumptions about future demand and market conditions, and estimates about potential alternative uses, which are usually limited. The Company’s inventory consists of specialized spare parts, work in process, and raw materials to support ongoing manufacturing operations and the Company’s large installed base of specialized equipment used throughout the oilfield. Customers rely on the Company to stock these specialized items to ensure that their equipment can be repaired and serviced in a timely manner. The Company’s estimated carrying value of inventory therefore depends upon demand driven by oil and gas drilling and well remediation activity, which depends in turn upon oil and gas prices, the general outlook for economic growth worldwide, available financing for the Company’s customers, political stability in major oil and gas producing areas, and the potential obsolescence of various types of equipment we sell, among other factors. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, inventory reserves totaled $500 million and $370 million, or 9.7% and 6.7% of gross inventory, respectively. Changes in worldwide oil and gas activity, or the development of new technologies which make older drilling technologies obsolete, could require the Company to record additional allowances to reduce the value of its inventory. Such changes in our estimates could be material under weaker market conditions or outlook.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets (Excluding Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets)

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and identified intangible assets, comprise a significant amount of the Company’s total assets. The Company makes judgments and estimates in conjunction with the carrying value of these assets, including amounts to be capitalized, depreciation and amortization methods and estimated useful lives.

The carrying values of these assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recorded in the period in which it is determined that the carrying amount is not recoverable based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows. We estimate the fair value of these intangible and fixed assets using an income approach. This requires the Company to make long-term forecasts of its future revenues and costs related to the assets subject to review. These forecasts require assumptions about demand for the Company’s products and services, future market conditions and technological developments. The forecasts are dependent upon assumptions regarding oil and gas prices, the general outlook for economic growth worldwide, available financing for the Company’s customers, political stability in major oil and gas producing areas, and the potential obsolescence of various types of equipment we sell, among other factors. The financial and credit market volatility directly impacts our fair value measurement through our income forecast. Changes to these assumptions, including, but not limited to: sustained declines in worldwide rig counts below current analysts’ forecasts, collapse of spot and futures prices for oil and gas, significant deterioration of external financing for our customers, higher risk premiums or higher cost of equity, or any other significant adverse economic news could require a provision for impairment in a future period.

During the third quarter of 2015, the Company incurred $55 million in impairment charges on identified intangible assets with finite lives that were impaired and written off.

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Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company has approximately $7.0 billion of goodwill and $0.4 billion of other intangible assets with indefinite lives as of December 31, 2015. Generally accepted accounting principles require the Company to test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. Events or circumstances which could indicate a potential impairment include (but are not limited to) a significant sustained reduction in worldwide oil and gas prices or drilling; a significant sustained reduction in profitability or cash flow of oil and gas companies or drilling contractors; a significant sustained reduction in capital investment by drilling companies and oil and gas companies; or a significant sustained increase in worldwide inventories of oil or gas.

The discounted cash flow is based on management’s forecast of operating performance for each reporting unit. The two main assumptions used in measuring goodwill impairment, which bear the risk of change and could impact the Company’s goodwill impairment analysis, include the cash flow from operations from each of the Company’s individual business units and the weighted average cost of capital. The starting point for each of the reporting unit’s cash flow from operations is the detailed annual plan or updated forecast. The detailed planning and forecasting process takes into consideration a multitude of factors including worldwide rig activity, inflationary forces, pricing strategies, customer analysis, operational issues, competitor analysis, capital spending requirements, working capital needs, customer needs to replace aging equipment, increased complexity of drilling, new technology, and existing backlog among other items which impact the individual reporting unit projections. Cash flows beyond the specific operating plans were estimated using a terminal value calculation, which incorporated historical and forecasted financial cyclical trends for each reporting unit and considered long-term earnings growth rates. The financial and credit market volatility directly impacts our fair value measurement through our weighted average cost of capital that we use to determine our discount rate. During times of volatility, significant judgment must be applied to determine whether credit changes are a short-term or long-term trend.

While the Company primarily uses the discounted cash flow method to assess fair value, the Company uses the comparable companies and representative transaction methods to validate the discounted cash flow analysis and further support management’s expectations, where possible. The valuation techniques used in the annual test were consistent with those used during previous testing. The inputs used in the annual test were updated for current market conditions and forecasts.

During the review of its 2014 annual impairment test, the calculated fair values for all of the Company’s reporting units were in excess of the respective reporting unit’s carrying value. Also, the fair value for all of the Company’s intangible assets with indefinite lives were in excess of the respective asset carrying values, with two exceptions. These intangible assets, which represent indefinite-lived trade names within the Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment, had a calculated fair value approximately $104 million below carrying value. The impairment charge was primarily the result of the substantial decline in oil prices during the fourth quarter of 2014, declines in forecasts in rig activity for 2015, and a decline in the revenue forecast for the segment for 2015.

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the worldwide average rig count was 2,034 rigs, down 7% from the third quarter 2015 average of 2,188 and down 44% from the fourth quarter 2014 average of 3,632. The fourth quarter 2015 average rig count represented the lowest quarterly average in the past six years. The annual impairment test, as described in ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other” (“ASC Topic 350”), is performed as of October 1 of each year.

Based on the Company’s impairment test performed in the fourth quarter of 2015, the calculated fair values for all of the Company’s reporting units were in excess of the respective reporting unit’s carrying value, with two exceptions. The Drilling & Intervention and Drill Pipe reporting units within the Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment, had calculated fair values below carrying value, resulting in a $1,485 million write-down in goodwill.

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In addition, the Company’s Rig Offshore, Dynamic Drilling Solutions, Process and Flow Technologies and Fiberglass reporting units each had calculated fair values that were between 15% and 30% in excess of the respective carrying values. We continue to monitor the cash flows for these reporting units as they each contain material goodwill.

The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by deducting the fair value of a reporting unit’s identifiable assets and liabilities from the fair value of that reporting unit as a whole. Fair value of the reporting units is determined in accordance with ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” using significant unobservable inputs, or level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. These inputs are based on internal management estimates, forecasts and judgments, using discounted cash flow.

Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, representing trade names management intends to use indefinitely, were valued using significant unobservable inputs (level 3) and are tested for impairment using the Relief from Royalty Method, a form of the Income Approach. An impairment is measured and recognized based on the amount the book value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its estimated fair value as of the date of the impairment test. Included in the impairment test are assumptions, for each trade name, regarding the related revenue streams attributable to the trade names, which are determined in a manner consistent with the forecasting process described above, the royalty rate, and the discount rate applied.

Based on the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment analysis performed during the fourth quarter of 2015, the fair value for all of the Company’s intangible assets with indefinite lives were in excess of the respective asset carrying values, with one exception. This intangible asset, which represents a trade name within the Company’s Wellbore Technologies segment, had a calculated fair value approximately $149 million below its carrying value.

Impairment charges in the fourth quarter of 2015 were primarily the result of the substantial decline in worldwide rig counts through the fourth quarter of 2015, declines in forecasts in rig activity, and a decline in the revenue forecast for the Company for 2016.

Based on its analysis, the Company did not report any impairment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than those mentioned above, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Purchase Price Allocation of Acquisitions

The Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to its identifiable assets and liabilities based on estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the amount allocated to the assets and liabilities, if any, is recorded as goodwill. The Company uses all available information to estimate fair values including quoted market prices, the carrying value of acquired assets, and widely accepted valuation techniques such as discounted cash flows. The Company engages third-party appraisal firms to assist in fair value determination of inventories, identifiable intangible assets, and any other significant assets or liabilities when appropriate. The judgments made in determining the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, could materially impact the Company’s results of operations.

Service and Product Warranties

The Company provides service and warranty policies on certain of its products. The Company accrues liabilities under service and warranty policies based upon specific claims and a review of historical warranty and service claim experience in accordance with ASC Topic 450 “Contingencies” (“ASC Topic 450”). Adjustments are made to accruals as claim data and historical experience change. In addition, the Company incurs discretionary costs to service its products in connection with product performance issues and recognizes them when they are incurred. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, service and product warranty accruals totaled $244 million and $272 million, respectively.

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Income Taxes

The Company is U.S. registered and is subject to income taxes in the U.S. The Company operates through various subsidiaries in a number of countries throughout the world. Income taxes have been recorded based upon the tax laws and rates of the countries in which the Company operates and income is earned.

The Company’s annual tax provision is based on taxable income, statutory rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which it operates. The determination and evaluation of the annual tax provision and tax positions involves the interpretation of the tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. It requires significant judgment and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events such as the amount, timing and character of income, deductions and tax credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, and treaties, foreign currency exchange restrictions or the Company’s level of operations or profitability in each jurisdiction could impact the tax liability in any given year. The Company also operates in many jurisdictions where the tax laws relating to the pricing of transactions between related parties are open to interpretation, which could potentially result in aggressive tax authorities asserting additional tax liabilities with no offsetting tax recovery in other countries.

The Company maintains liabilities for estimated tax exposures in jurisdictions of operation. The annual tax provision includes the impact of income tax provisions and benefits for changes to liabilities that the Company considers appropriate, as well as related interest. Tax exposure items primarily include potential challenges to intercompany pricing and certain operating expenses that may not be deductible in foreign jurisdictions. These exposures are resolved primarily through the settlement of audits within these tax jurisdictions or by judicial means. The Company is subject to audits by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions which may result in proposed assessments. The Company believes that an appropriate liability has been established for estimated exposures under the guidance in ASC Topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”). However, actual results may differ materially from these estimates. The Company reviews these liabilities quarterly and to the extent audits or other events result in an adjustment to the liability accrued for a prior year, the effect will be recognized in the period of the event.

The Company currently has recorded valuation allowances that the Company intends to maintain until it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will be realized. Income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent of decreases in the Company’s valuation allowances. The realization of remaining deferred tax assets is primarily dependent on future taxable income. Any reduction in future taxable income including but not limited to any future restructuring activities may require that the Company record an additional valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. An increase in the valuation allowance would result in additional income tax expense in such period and could have a significant impact on future earnings.

The Company has not provided for deferred taxes on the unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries that are permanently reinvested. Should the Company make a distribution from the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries, the Company may be required to record additional taxes. Unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries were $8,187 million and $5,874 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company makes a determination each period whether to permanently reinvest these earnings. If, as a result of these reassessments, the Company distributes these earnings in the future, additional tax liabilities would result, offset by any available foreign tax credits.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17 “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” (ASU No. 2015-17), which amends existing guidance on income taxes to require the classification of all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, and the guidance may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2015-17 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

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In April 2015, the FASB issued an ASU 2015-03 “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” to simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs. The update requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, as opposed to current presentation of an asset on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2015-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2015-03 will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASU No. 2014-09), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standard Codification Topic No. 605 “Revenue Recognition” and most industry-specific guidance. This update requires that entities recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU No. 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Forward—Looking Statements

Some of the information in this document contains, or has incorporated by reference, forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. All statements herein regarding expected merger synergies are forward looking statements. You should be aware that our actual results could differ materially from results anticipated in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including but not limited to changes in oil and gas prices, customer demand for our products and worldwide economic activity. You should also consider carefully the statements under “Risk Factors” which address additional factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, current or prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any such factors or forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments.

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We are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Additional information concerning each of these matters follows:

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

We have extensive operations in foreign countries. The net assets and liabilities of these operations are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, although such fluctuations generally do not affect income since their functional currency is typically the local currency. These operations also have net assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency, which exposes us to changes in foreign currency exchange rates that impact income. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company reported foreign currency gains (losses) of ($47) million, $20 million and ($24) million, respectively. Gains and losses are primarily due to exchange rate fluctuations related to monetary asset balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency and adjustments to our hedged positions as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Strengthening of currencies against the U.S. dollar may create losses in future periods to the extent we maintain net assets and liabilities not denominated in the functional currency of our subsidiaries using the local currency as their functional currency.

Some of our revenues in foreign countries are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, changes in foreign currency exchange rates impact our earnings to the extent that costs associated with those U.S. dollar revenues are denominated in the local currency. Similarly some of our revenues are denominated in foreign currencies, but have associated U.S. dollar costs, which also give rise to foreign currency exchange rate exposure. In order to mitigate that risk, we may utilize foreign currency forward contracts to better match the currency of our revenues and associated costs. We do not use foreign currency forward contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

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The following table details the Company’s foreign currency exchange risk grouped by functional currency and their expected maturity periods as of December 31, 2015 (in millions except for rates):