NOW Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2018

OR

Commission File Number 001-36325

NOW INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

7402 North Eldridge Parkway,

Houston, Texas 77041

(Address of principal executive offices)

(281) 823-4700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 25, 2018 the registrant had 108,141,139 shares of common stock (excluding 1,646,968 unvested restricted shares), par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

NOW INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NOW INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOW INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except per share data)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOW INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOW INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

  See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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NOW INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Operations

NOW Inc. (“NOW” or the “Company”) is a holding company headquartered in Houston, Texas that was incorporated in Delaware on November 22, 2013. NOW operates primarily under the DistributionNOW and Wilson Export brands. NOW is a global distributor of energy products as well as products for industrial applications through its locations in the U.S., Canada and internationally which are geographically positioned to serve the energy and industrial markets in over 80 countries. NOW’s energy product offerings are used in the oil and gas industry including upstream drilling and completion, exploration and production, midstream infrastructure development and downstream petroleum refining – as well as in other industries, such as chemical processing, power generation and industrial manufacturing operations. The industrial distribution portion of NOW’s business targets a diverse range of manufacturing and other facilities across numerous industries and end markets. NOW also provides supply chain management to drilling contractors, E&P operators, midstream operators, downstream energy and industrial manufacturing companies. NOW’s supplier network consists of thousands of vendors in approximately 40 countries.

Basis of Presentation

All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The unaudited consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. The principles for interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, all of which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported and contingent amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior periods presented have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported results of operations.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables approximated fair value because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments. Cash equivalents include only those investments having a maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase. See Note 12 “Derivative Financial Instruments” for the fair value of derivative financial instruments.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-to-use asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than twelve months on its balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted, and requires a modified retrospective transition method. The Company continues to assess the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements. The Company plans to adopt Topic 842 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. Based on the Company’s preliminary assessment, which is subject to change, the Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02, which will increase the total assets and total liabilities that are reported relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations and cash flows.    

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Entities will now use forward-looking information to better form their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted as of December 15, 2018, and requires the modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2014-09 affects any entity using GAAP that enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards (e.g., insurance contracts or lease contracts). This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), and most industry-specific guidance. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method resulting in an immaterial increase to the opening accumulated deficit due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606. The adoption of the new standard had no material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue, however additional disclosures have been added in accordance with Topic 606. See Note 2 “Revenue” for additional details on the Company’s revenue policies.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (Topic 715). ASU 2017-07 requires the disaggregation of the service cost component from the other components of net periodic benefit cost and allows only the service cost component of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. ASU 2017-07 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company sponsors two defined benefit plans in the UK under which accrual of pension benefits has ceased and there will not be a service cost component to the net periodic pension cost. Plan members benefits that have previously been accrued are indexed in line with inflation during the period up to retirement in order to protect their purchasing power. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2018, with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes: Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (Topic 740), which updates the income tax accounting in U.S. GAAP to reflect the Securities and Exchange Commission interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) was enacted into law. The Company evaluated the potential impacts of SAB 118 along with this ASU and has applied them to its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. See Note 8 “Income Taxes” for additional information.

2. Revenue

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition”. The adoption of ASC Topic 606 resulted in $5 million additional receivables and deferred revenue related to the recognition of receivables with unconditional right to payment.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary source of revenue is the sale of energy products and an extensive selection of products for industrial applications based upon purchase orders or contracts with customers. The majority of revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the product is shipped, delivered, or picked up by the customer. The Company does not grant extended payment terms. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods, and are recorded in cost of sales.

The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for products sold. Revenue is recorded at the transaction price net of estimates of variable consideration, which may include product returns, trade discounts and allowances. The Company accrues for variable consideration using the expected value method. Estimates

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of variable consideration are included in revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

See Note 7 “Business Segments” for disaggregation of revenue by reporting segments. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed on contracts with an original expected duration of one year or more. The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Receivables

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets primarily consist of retainage amounts held as a form of security by customers until the Company satisfies its remaining performance obligations. These assets were de minimis for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and were included in receivables, net in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company applied the practical expedient to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. The costs expensed were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred revenues recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations, including amounts which are refundable, and accrued customer liabilities. Revenue recognition is deferred to a future period when the Company performs its obligations under contracts with customers. The increase in contract liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 for customer deposits was approximately $18 million, partially offset by approximately $8 million in revenue recognized which was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period.

3. Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment consist of (in millions): 

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4. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of (in millions):

5. Debt

On January 20, 2016, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to its credit facility dated as of April 18, 2014 (the “Credit Agreement”). The Amendment, among other things, (i) suspends, until the Company elects otherwise, the Credit Agreement’s minimum interest coverage ratio effective as of December 30, 2015, (ii) adds a minimum asset coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement), which requires that the ratio of the value of the Company’s eligible assets (value of qualified cash, eligible inventory and eligible accounts receivable) to the amount of its outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement is no less than 1.50 to 1.00, (iii) reduces the maximum capitalization ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) from 50% to 45%, (iv) increases the applicable interest margin on current borrowings by 75 basis points and the current commitment fee by 5 basis points and (v) reduces sub-facilities for standby letters of credit and swingline loans to $40 million and $25 million, respectively. In connection with the Amendment, the Company also entered into a Security Agreement dated as of January 20, 2016 (the “Security Agreement”) pursuant to which it granted the lenders under the Credit Agreement customary security interests in substantially all of the Company’s U.S. assets and in approximately 65% of the equity interests of the Company’s first-tier foreign subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had borrowed $175 million against its senior secured revolving credit facility, and had $452 million in availability (as defined in the Credit Agreement) resulting in the excess availability (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 71%, subject to certain restrictions. Borrowings that result in the excess availability dropping below 25% are conditioned upon compliance with or waiver of a minimum fixed charge ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Company was not obligated to pay back the borrowing against the senior secured revolving credit facility until the expiration date of April 18, 2019, as such the outstanding borrowing is classified as long term. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in the credit facility. Total commitments under the amended credit facility are $750 million and the amended credit facility includes a $250 million accordion feature, subject to certain conditions.   

At March 31, 2018, the Company issued $6 million in letters of credit under its senior revolving credit facility, primarily for casualty insurance expiring in July 2018.

On April 30, 2018, the Company replaced its existing senior secured revolving credit facility and entered into a new senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of lenders, with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, serving as the administrative agent. The Credit Facility provides for a $750 million global revolving credit facility, with potential to further increase the Credit Facility to up to $1.0 billion. The Credit Facility matures in April 2023, unless extended. Availability under the Credit Facility is determined by a borrowing base comprised of eligible receivables and eligible inventory. The obligations are secured by substantially all the assets of NOW Inc. The fixed charge coverage ratio covenant in the Revolving Facility applies only if availability under the Credit Facility is less than a certain threshold.

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6. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows (in millions): 

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. A majority of the Company’s international entities in which there is a substantial investment have the local currency as their functional currency. As a result, foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the entities’ financial statements into the reporting currency are reported in other comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.”

7. Business Segments

Operating results by reportable segment are as follows (in millions):  

8. Income Taxes

On May 1, 2014, the National Oilwell Varco, Inc. (“NOV”) Board of Directors approved the Spin-Off (the “Spin-Off” or “Separation”) of its distribution business into an independent, publicly traded company named NOW Inc. In connection with the Separation, the Company and NOV entered into a Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2014 (the “Tax Matters Agreement”). The Tax Matters Agreement sets forth the Company and NOV’s rights and obligations related to the allocation of federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and after the Spin-Off, as well as taxes attributable to the Spin-Off, and related matters such as the filing of tax returns and the conduct of IRS and other audits. Pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement, NOV has prepared and filed the consolidated federal income tax return, and any other tax returns that include both NOV and the Company for all the liability periods ended on or prior to May 30, 2014. NOV will indemnify and hold harmless the Company for any income tax liability for periods before the Separation date. The Company will prepare and file all tax returns that include solely the Company for all taxable periods ending after that date. Settlements of tax payments between NOV and the Company were generally treated as contributions from or distributions to NOV in periods prior to the Separation date.

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The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was 24.1%, compared to 1.8% for the same period in 2017. Compared to the U.S. statutory rate, the effective tax rate was impacted by recurring items, such as higher tax rates on income earned in foreign jurisdictions that is permanently reinvested, nondeductible expenses, state income taxes, the effects of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and the change in valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. Due to the continuing uncertainty in the Company’s industry and thus the Company’s outlook, the Company continues to utilize the method of recording income taxes on a year-to-date effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company will evaluate its use of this method each quarter until such time as a return to the annualized estimated effective tax rate method is deemed appropriate.

Provisional Amounts in the Effective Tax Rate

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act contains several tax law changes that will impact the Company in the current and future periods, including a reduction in the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creating new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings and changes to bonus depreciation, the deduction for executive compensation and interest expense. The Company is applying the guidance in SAB 118 when accounting for the enactment-date effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. At March 31, 2018, the Company has not completed its accounting for all of the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act; however, in certain cases, as described below, the Company has made a reasonable estimate of other effects. As further discussed below, during the three-month period ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized adjustments of $9 million to the provisional amounts recorded at December 31, 2017 related to the one-time transition tax and the reduction in the corporate income tax rate. The Company will continue to refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed.

The Company originally remeasured its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities and recorded a $69 million charge relating to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate change, with a corresponding decrease to its valuation allowance of $69 million. Similarly, the Company originally recorded a $33 million charge for the one-time, mandatory transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings which was fully offset by foreign tax credits and net operating losses. There was no net impact to the Company’s provision for income taxes for these entries at December 31, 2017.

Subsequent guidance was issued by the Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service in Notice 2018-26 which clarifies that companies may elect out of using 2017 net operating losses when computing the one-time, mandatory transition tax. The Company refined its one-time mandatory transition tax calculation, and while the election does not impact the $33 million charge originally recorded, it results in the Company utilizing additional foreign tax credits and preserves the Company’s 2017 net operating loss. The Company remeasured its 2017 net operating loss deferred tax asset and recorded an additional charge of $9 million relating to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate change with a corresponding decrease to its valuation allowance of $9 million. There was no net impact to the Company’s provision for income taxes related to this adjustment at March 31, 2018.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to current tax on Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5 Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, the Company is still evaluating the effects of the GILTI provisions and recognized a provisional tax expense of $1 million related to GILTI, which is fully offset by current year U.S. tax losses. The reduction in the Company’s U.S. tax net operating loss resulted in a corresponding decrease in the Company’s valuation allowance. There was no net impact to the Company’s provision for income taxes related to GILTI for the three-month period ended March 31, 2018.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposes a new Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (“BEAT”) on certain corporations that make base erosion payments to related foreign persons. The Company has evaluated the BEAT provisions and has concluded that its base erosion payments fall below the threshold, making it exempt from the BEAT. The Company will continue to evaluate the BEAT and provide for disclosure if it becomes subject to the BEAT in the future.

To the extent penalties and interest would be assessed on any underpayment of income tax, such accrued amounts would be classified as a component of income tax provision (benefit) in the financial statements consistent with the Company’s policy.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has significant operations in the United States and Canada and to a lesser extent in various other international jurisdictions. Tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions vary by legal entity, but are generally open in the U.S. for the tax years ending after 2013 and outside the U.S. for the tax years ending after 2011. The Company is indemnified for any income tax exposures related to the periods prior to the Separation under the Tax Matters Agreement with NOV.

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9. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, approximately 6 million of potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share due to their antidilutive effect.  For the three months ended March 31, 2017, approximately 8 million of potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share due to the Company recognizing a net loss for the period.

Basic and diluted income (loss) per share follows (in millions, except share data): 

ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share,” requires companies with unvested participating securities to utilize a two-class method for the computation of net income attributable to the Company per share. The two-class method requires a portion of net income attributable to the Company to be allocated to participating securities, which are unvested awards of share-based payments with non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents, if declared. Net losses are not allocated to nonvested shares in periods that the Company determines that those shares are not obligated to participate in losses. For the periods that the Company recognized net income, net income attributable to the Company allocated to these participating securities was excluded from net income attributable to the Company’s stockholders in the numerator of the earnings per share computation.

10. Stock-based Compensation and Outstanding Awards

The Company has a stock-based compensation plan known as the NOW Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). Under the Plan, the Company’s employees are eligible to be granted stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance stock awards (“PSAs”).                                                                                                                                    

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company granted 1,807,822 stock options with a weighted average fair value of $3.95 per share and 287,209 shares of RSAs and RSUs with a weighted average fair value of $9.90 per share. In addition, the Company granted PSAs to senior management employees with potential payouts varying from zero to 364,518 shares. These options vest over a three-year period from the grant date on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in-substance, multiple awards. The RSAs and RSUs vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The PSAs can be earned based on performance against established metrics over a three-year performance period. The PSAs are divided into three equal, independent parts that are subject to three separate performance metrics: (i) one-third of the PSAs have a Total Shareholder Return (TSR) metric, (ii) one-third of the PSAs have an EBITDA metric, and (iii) one-third of the PSAs have a Working Capital (WC) metric.

Performance against the TSR metric is determined by comparing the performance of the Company’s TSR with the TSR performance of designated peer companies for the three-year performance period. Performance against the EBITDA metric is determined by comparing the performance of the Company’s actual EBITDA average for each of the three-years of the performance period against the EBITDA metrics set by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.  Performance against the WC metric is determined by comparing the performance of the Company’s actual WC average for each of the three-years of the performance period against the WC metrics set by the Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

Stock-based compensation expense totaled $4 million and $6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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11. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in various claims, regulatory agency audits and pending or threatened legal actions involving a variety of matters. The Company has also assessed the potential for additional losses above the amounts accrued as well as potential losses for matters that are not probable, but are reasonably possible. The total potential loss on these matters cannot be determined; however, in the Company’s opinion, any ultimate liability, to the extent not otherwise recorded or accrued for, will not materially affect the Company’s financial position, cash flow or results of operations. These estimated liabilities are based on the Company’s assessment of the nature of these matters, their progress toward resolution, the advice of legal counsel and outside experts as well as management’s intention and experience.

The Company’s business is affected both directly and indirectly by governmental laws and regulations relating to the oilfield service industry in general, as well as by environmental and safety regulations that specifically apply to the Company’s business. Although the Company has not incurred material costs in connection with its compliance with such laws, there can be no assurance that other developments, such as new environmental laws, regulations and enforcement policies hereunder may not result in additional, presently unquantifiable, costs or liabilities to the Company.

The Company does not accrue for contingent losses that, in its judgment, are considered to be reasonably possible, but not probable. Estimating reasonably possible losses also requires the analysis of multiple possible outcomes that often depend on judgments about potential actions by third parties. NOW’s management currently estimates a range of loss for reasonably possible losses for which an estimate can be made is between zero and $15 million in the international segment primarily attributable to accounts receivable with one customer. The Company has accrued its best estimate for loss as of March 31, 2018.  Factors underlying this estimated range of loss may change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate.

The Company maintains credit arrangements with several banks providing for short-term borrowing capacity, overdraft protection and other bonding requirements. As of March 31, 2018, these credit arrangements totaled approximately $35 million, of which the Company was contingently liable for approximately $9 million of outstanding standby letters of credit, including bid and performance related bonds and surety bonds. The Company does not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is probable that any amounts will be required to be paid.

12. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is foreign currency exchange rate risk. The Company has entered into certain financial derivative instruments to manage this risk.

The derivative financial instruments the Company has entered into are forward exchange contracts which have terms of less than one year to economically hedge foreign currency exchange rate risk on recognized non-functional currency monetary accounts. The purpose of the Company’s foreign currency economic hedging activities is to economically hedge the Company’s risk from changes in the fair value of non-functional currency denominated monetary accounts.

The Company records all derivative financial instruments at their fair value in its consolidated balance sheets. None of the derivative financial instruments that the Company holds are designated as either a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge and the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recorded in earnings. The Company has determined that the fair value of its derivative financial instruments are computed using level 2 inputs (inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability) in the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based on publicly available foreign exchange rates at each financial reporting date. At March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, the fair value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts totaled an asset of less than $1 million, included in prepaid and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets; a liability of less than $1 million, included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets; and a gain of less than $1 million, included in other expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The notional principal associated with those contracts was $38 million and $26 million as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s financial instruments do not contain any credit-risk-related or other contingent features that could cause accelerated payments when the Company’s financial instruments are in net liability positions. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the information in this document contains, or has incorporated by reference, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements typically are identified by use of terms such as “may,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “plan,” “predict,” “estimate,” “will be” or other similar words and phrases, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently. You should be aware that our actual results could differ materially from results anticipated in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, changes in oil and gas prices, changes in the energy markets, customer demand for our products, significant changes in the size of our customers, difficulties encountered in integrating mergers and acquisitions, general volatility in the capital markets, changes in applicable government regulations, increased borrowing costs, competition between us and our former parent company, NOV, the triggering of rights and obligations by the Spin-Off or any litigation arising out of or related to the Separation, impairments in goodwill or other intangible assets and worldwide economic activity. You should also consider carefully the statements under “Risk Factors,” as disclosed in our Form 10-K, which address additional factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, current or prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any such factors or forward-looking statements to reflect future events or developments.

Company Overview

We are a global distributor to the oil and gas and industrial markets with a legacy of over 150 years. We operate primarily under the DistributionNOW and Wilson Export brands. Through our network of approximately 275 locations and approximately 4,500 employees worldwide, we stock and sell a comprehensive offering of energy products as well as an extensive selection of products for industrial applications. Our energy product offering is consumed throughout all sectors of the oil and gas industry – from upstream drilling and completion, exploration and production (“E&P”), midstream infrastructure development to downstream petroleum refining – as well as in other industries, such as chemical processing, mining, utilities and industrial manufacturing operations. The industrial distribution end markets include manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, refineries and engineering and construction firms. We also provide supply chain and materials management solutions to the same markets where we sell products.

Our global product offering includes consumable maintenance, repair and operating (“MRO”) supplies, pipe, valves, fittings, flanges, gaskets, fasteners, electrical, instrumentation, artificial lift, pumping solutions, valve actuation and modular process, measurement and control equipment. We also offer warehouse and inventory management solutions as part of our supply chain and materials management offering. We have developed expertise in providing application systems, work processes, parts integration, optimization solutions and after-sales support.

Our solutions include outsourcing the functions of procurement, inventory and warehouse management, logistics, point of issue technology, project management, business process and performance metrics reporting. These solutions allow us to leverage the infrastructure of our SAP™ Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system and other technologies to streamline our customers’ purchasing process, from requisition to procurement to payment, by digitally managing workflow, improving approval routing and providing robust reporting functionality.

We support land and offshore operations for all the major oil and gas producing regions around the world through our network of locations. Our key markets, beyond North America, include Latin America, the North Sea, the Middle East, Asia Pacific and the Former Soviet Union (“FSU”). Products sold through our locations support greenfield expansion upstream capital projects, midstream infrastructure and transmission and MRO consumables used in day-to-day production. We provide downstream energy and industrial products for petroleum refining, chemical processing, LNG terminals, power generation utilities and industrial manufacturing operations and customer on-site locations.

We stock or sell more than 300,000 stock keeping units (“SKUs”) through our branch network. Our supplier network consists of thousands of vendors in approximately 40 countries. From our operations in over 20 countries we sell to customers operating in approximately 80 countries. The supplies and equipment stocked by each of our branches are customized to meet varied and changing local customer demands. The breadth and scale of our offering enhances our value proposition to our customers, suppliers and shareholders.

We employ advanced information technologies, including a common ERP platform across most of our business, to provide complete procurement, materials management and logistics coordination to our customers around the globe. Having a common ERP platform allows immediate visibility into the Company’s inventory assets, operations and financials worldwide, enhancing decision making and efficiency.

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Demand for our products is driven primarily by the level of oil and gas drilling, completions, servicing, production, transmission, refining and petrochemical and industrial manufacturing activities. It is also influenced by the global supply and demand for energy, the economy in general and geopolitics. Several factors drive spending, such as investment in energy infrastructure, the North American conventional and shale plays, market expectations of future developments in the oil, natural gas, liquids, refined products, petrochemical, plant maintenance and other industrial, manufacturing and energy sectors.

We have expanded globally, through acquisitions and organic investments, into Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Egypt, England, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, the Philippines, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Summary of Reportable Segments

We operate through three reportable segments: United States (“U.S.”), Canada and International. The segment data included in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) are presented on a basis consistent with our internal management reporting. Segment information appearing in Note 7 “Business Segments” of the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) is also presented on this basis.

United States

We have approximately 185 locations in the U.S., which are geographically positioned to best serve the upstream, midstream and downstream energy and industrial markets.

We offer higher value solutions in key product lines in the U.S. which broaden and deepen our customer relationships and related product line value. Examples of these include artificial lift, pumps, valves and valve actuation, process equipment, fluid transfer products, measurement and controls, along with many other products required by our customers, which enable them to focus on their core business while we manage their supply chain. We also provide additional value to our customers through the design, assembly, fabrication and optimization of products and equipment essential to the safe and efficient production, transportation and processing of oil and gas and industrial manufacturing.

Canada

We have a network of approximately 55 locations in the Canadian oilfield, predominantly in the oil rich provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in Western Canada. Our Canada segment primarily serves the energy exploration, production, mining and drilling business, offering customers many of the same products and value-added solutions that we perform in the U.S. In Canada, we also provide training for, and supervise the installation of, jointed and spoolable composite pipe. This product line is supported by inventory and product and installation expertise to serve our customers.

International

We operate in approximately 20 countries and serve the needs of our international customers from approximately 35 locations outside of the U.S. and Canada, which are strategically located in major oil and gas development areas. Our approach in these markets is similar to our approach in North America, as our customers turn to us to provide inventory and support closer to their drilling and exploration activities. Our long legacy of operating in many international regions, combined with significant expansion into several key markets, provides a competitive advantage as few of our competitors have a presence in most of the global energy producing regions.

Basis of Presentation

All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The unaudited consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. The principles for interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of our management, the consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, all of which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

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Operating Environment Overview

Our results are dependent on, among other things, the level of worldwide oil and gas drilling and completions, well remediation activity, crude oil and natural gas prices, capital spending by operators, oilfield service companies and contractors and worldwide oil and gas inventory levels. Key industry indicators for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017 and the fourth quarter of 2017 include the following:

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The following table details the U.S., Canadian and international rig activity and West Texas Intermediate oil prices for the past nine quarters ended March 31, 2018:

Sources: Rig count: Baker Hughes, Inc. (www.bhge.com); West Texas Intermediate Crude and Natural Gas Prices: Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (www.eia.doe.gov); Hot-Rolled Coil Prices: American Metal Market SteelBenchmarker™ Hot Roll Coil USA (www.amm.com).

The worldwide quarterly average rig count increased 6.5% (from 2,074 rigs to 2,208 rigs) and the U.S. increased 4.8% (from 921 rigs to 965 rigs) in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. The average price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate Crude increased 13.6% (from $55.37 per barrel to $62.89 per barrel) and natural gas prices increased 6.2% (from $2.90 per MMBtu to $3.08 per MMBtu) in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the fourth quarter of 2017. The average price per short ton of Hot-Rolled Coil increased 17.3% (from $614.70 per short ton to $721.03 per short ton) in the first quarter of 2018 compared to the fourth quarter of 2017.

U.S. rig count at April 13, 2018 was 1,008 rigs, up 43 rigs compared to the first quarter of 2018 average of 965 rigs. The price for West Texas Intermediate Crude was $67.35 per barrel at April 13, 2018, up 7.1% from the first quarter average of 2018. The price for natural gas was $2.82 per MMBtu at April 13, 2018, down 8.4% from the first quarter average of 2018. The price for Hot-Rolled Coil was $853.67 per short ton at April 9, 2018, up 18.4% from the first quarter average of 2018.

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Executive Summary

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company generated net income of $2 million on $764 million in revenue. Revenue increased $133 million or 21.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net income improved $25 million when compared to the corresponding period of 2017.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company generated an operating profit of $7 million or 0.9% of revenue compared to an operating loss of $21 million or negative 3.3% of revenue for the corresponding period of 2017.

Outlook

Our outlook for the Company remains tied to global rig count and drilling and completion expenditures, particularly in North America. Oil prices and U.S. oil storage levels will continue to be the primary catalysts determining U.S. rig activity. Our approach continues to be to advance our strategic goals and manage the Company based on market conditions. We continue to rationalize expenses and capital where economic activity remains depressed and invest where markets are expanding. We believe that our history of managing through these cycles, paired with our resources and minimal capital expenditure requirements, enable us to maximize new opportunities.

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Results of Operations

Operating results by reportable segment are as follows (in millions):

United States

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenue was $562 million, an increase of $123 million or 28.0% when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. The increase was primarily driven by a year over year improvement in U.S. rig count.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the U.S. generated an operating profit of $3 million or 0.5% of revenue, an improvement of $29 million when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, U.S. operating profit improved primarily due to the increases in volume discussed above coupled with flat operating expenses.

Canada

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenue was $102 million, an increase of $6 million or 6.3% when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. Despite a year over year decline in Canadian rig count, revenue increased primarily as a result of favorable foreign exchange rate impact.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Canada generated an operating profit of $4 million or 3.9% of revenue, an increase of $1 million when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. Operating profit increased in the period primarily due to improved product margins in the period.

International

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenue was $100 million, an increase of $4 million or 4.2% when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. The increase is primarily a result of a favorable foreign exchange rate impact.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the international segment generated an operating profit of nil, a decline of $2 million when compared to the corresponding period of 2017. Despite the increase in revenue discussed above, operating profit declined primarily due to increased bad debt charges in the first quarter of 2018.

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Cost of products

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, cost of products was $616 million compared to $517 million for the corresponding period in 2017. The increase was primarily due to an increase in revenue, partially offset by an increase in vendor consideration and a reduction in inventory charges in the period. Cost of products includes the cost of inventory sold and related items, such as vendor consideration, inventory allowances, amortization of intangibles and inbound and outbound freight.

Warehousing, selling and administrative

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, warehousing, selling and administrative costs were $141 million compared to $135 million for the corresponding period of 2017. During the first quarter of 2018, operating expenses increased with improved market activity. Warehousing, selling and administrative costs include general corporate expenses, depreciation and branch, distribution center and regional expenses (including costs such as compensation, benefits and rent).

Other expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, other expense was $4 million compared to $2 million for the corresponding period of 2017. These charges were mainly attributable to interest and bank charges associated with utilizing the credit facility and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Income tax provision (benefit)

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was 24.1% compared to 1.8% for the same period in 2017. Compared to the U.S. statutory rate, the effective tax rate was impacted by recurring items, such as higher tax rates on income earned in foreign jurisdictions that is permanently reinvested, nondeductible expenses, state income taxes, the effects of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the change in valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. Due to the continuing uncertainty in our industry and thus our outlook, the Company continues to utilize the method of recording income taxes on a year-to-date effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company will evaluate its use of this method each quarter until such time as a return to the annualized estimated effective tax rate method is deemed appropriate.

As further discussed in Note 8, "Income Taxes," on December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted significant changes to U.S. tax and related laws. U.S. state or other regulatory bodies have not finalized potential changes to existing laws and regulations which may result from the new U.S. tax and related laws. In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB No. 118”), the Company has recorded provisional estimates to reflect the effect of the provisions of the recently enacted U.S. tax and related laws on the Company’s income tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2018. The Company continues to collect additional information to support and refine its calculations of the impact of these changes on its operations and its recorded income tax assets and liabilities. The ultimate impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may differ from the Company’s provisional estimates due to changes in the interpretations and assumptions made by the Company as well as additional regulatory guidance.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measure and Reconciliation

In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose a non-GAAP financial measure in our quarterly earnings press releases and other public disclosures. The primary non-GAAP financial measure we focus on is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, excluding other costs (“EBITDA excluding other costs”). This financial measure excludes the impact of certain amounts as further identified below and has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is included below.

We use this non-GAAP financial measure internally to evaluate and manage the Company’s operations because we believe it provides useful supplemental information regarding the Company’s ongoing economic performance. We have chosen to provide this information to investors to enable them to perform more meaningful comparisons of operating results.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of EBITDA excluding other costs to its most comparable GAAP financial measure (in millions):

EBITDA excluding other costs

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We assess liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. We expect to remain in a strong financial position, with resources expected to be available to reinvest in existing businesses, strategic acquisitions and capital expenditures to meet short- and long-term objectives. We believe that cash on hand, cash generated from expected results of operations and amounts available under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund operations, anticipated working capital needs and other cash requirements, including capital expenditures.

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $80 million and $98 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, approximately $68 million of our cash and cash equivalents were maintained in the accounts of our various foreign subsidiaries. The Company has not and does not anticipate the need to repatriate funds to the United States to satisfy domestic liquidity needs arising in the ordinary course of business, including liquidity needs associated with domestic debt service requirements. The cash is considered permanently reinvested and, except for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act’s one-time transition tax, no additional provision for U.S. federal and state income taxes has been made. If our foreign cash was repatriated, it would be subject to additional U.S. federal and state taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable in various foreign countries, where applicable. We currently have the intent and ability to permanently reinvest the cash held by our foreign subsidiaries and there are currently no plans for the repatriation of such amounts.

At March 31, 2018, the Company had $175 million of borrowings against its revolving credit facility. The credit facility contains usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants for credit facilities of this type including financial covenants. As of March 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants. We continuously monitor compliance with debt covenants. A default, if not waived or amended, would prevent the Company from taking certain actions, such as incurring additional debt.

The following table summarizes our net cash flows used in operating activities, net cash used in investing activities and net cash provided by financing activities for the periods presented (in millions):

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in operating activities was $30 million compared to $21 million in the corresponding period of 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by an increase in receivables and inventories of $74 million and $22 million, respectively, offset by an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $48 million. These increases were a result of improved market conditions resulting in higher sales and purchases in the period.

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $1 million compared to $2 million in the corresponding period of 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, purchases of property, plant and equipment were approximately $1 million.

Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $13 million, compared to $16 million for the corresponding period of 2017. The activity in the period was primarily attributed to the Company making repayments under, and borrowing against, its revolving credit facility.

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Other

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the effect of the change in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents was nil compared to an increase of $3 million for the corresponding period of 2017.

We intend to pursue additional acquisition candidates, but the timing, size or success of any acquisition effort and the related potential capital commitments cannot be determined with certainty. We continue to expect to fund future acquisitions primarily with cash flows from operations and borrowings, including the undrawn portion of the credit facility or new debt issuances, but may also issue additional equity either directly or in connection with acquisitions. There can be no assurance that additional financing for acquisitions will be available at terms acceptable to us.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

For a discussion of the critical accounting policies and estimates that we use in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.  In preparing the financial statements, we make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported. We periodically evaluate our estimates and judgments that are most critical in nature which are related to allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, goodwill, purchase price allocation of acquisitions, vendor consideration and income taxes. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on our future expectations that we believe are reasonable. The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material.

Generally accepted accounting principles require us to test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually (performed in the fourth quarter) or more frequently whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. Adverse market conditions could result in the recognition of impairment if we determine that the fair values of its reporting units have fallen below their carrying values. Events or circumstances which could require interim testing include (but are not limited to) a significant reduction in worldwide oil and gas prices or drilling; a significant reduction in profitability or cash flow of oil and gas companies or contractors; a significant reduction in worldwide well remediation activity; a significant reduction in capital investment by other oilfield service companies; or a significant increase in worldwide inventories of oil or gas.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to certain market risks that are inherent in our financial instruments and arise from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company may enter into derivative financial instrument transactions to manage or reduce market risk but does not enter into derivative financial instrument transactions for speculative purposes. The Company does not currently have any material outstanding derivative instruments. See Note 12 “Derivative Financial Instruments” to the consolidated financial statements.

A discussion of our primary market risk exposure in financial instruments is presented below.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The Company has operations in foreign countries and transacts business globally in multiple currencies. Its net assets, as well as, its revenue, costs and expenses, denominated in foreign currencies expose the Company to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar. Because we operate globally and approximately one-fourth of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was outside the United States, foreign currency exchange rates can impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations and competitive position. The Company is a net receiver of foreign currencies and therefore benefits from a weakening of the U.S. dollar and is adversely affected by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the foreign currency. As of March 31, 2018, the most significant foreign currency exposure was to the Canadian dollar and the British pound with less significant foreign currency exposures to the Australian dollar and Mexican peso.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are translated into their U.S. dollar equivalents at end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities, while revenue, costs and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates. Translation gains and losses are components of other comprehensive income (loss) as reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company realized net foreign currency translation income totaling $1 million, which was included in other comprehensive income.

Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations generally do not materially affect our earnings since the functional currency is typically the local currency; however, our operations also have net assets not denominated in their functional currency, which exposes us to changes in foreign currency exchange rates that impact our earnings as foreign currency transaction gains and losses. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses arising from fluctuations in currency exchange rates on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of other expense. For the first three months of 2018 and 2017, the Company reported foreign currency transaction losses of $1 million and $1 million, respectively. Gains and losses are primarily due to exchange rate fluctuations related to monetary asset balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency and fair value adjustments to economically hedged positions as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Some of our revenue for our foreign operations are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, changes in foreign currency exchange rates impact earnings to the extent that costs associated with those U.S. dollar revenues are denominated in the local currency. Similarly, some of our revenue for our foreign operations are denominated in foreign currencies, but have associated U.S. dollar costs, which also give rise to foreign currency exchange rate exposure. In order to mitigate those risks, we may utilize foreign currency forward contracts to better match the currency of the revenues and the associated costs. Although we may utilize foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain foreign currency denominated balances or transactions, we do not currently hedge the net investments in our foreign operations. The counterparties to our forward contracts are major financial institutions. The credit ratings and concentration of risk of these financial institutions are monitored by us on a continuing basis. In the event that the counterparties fail to meet the terms of a foreign currency contract, our exposure is limited to the foreign currency rate differential.

The average foreign exchange rate for the first three months of 2018, compared to the average for the same period in 2017, increased by approximately 6% compared to the U.S. dollar based on the aggregated weighted average revenue of our foreign-currency denominated foreign operations. The Australian dollar, the British pound, the Canadian dollar and Mexican peso increased in relation to the U.S. dollar by approximately 4%, 12%, 5% and 8%, respectively.

We utilized a sensitivity analysis to measure the potential impact on earnings based on a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency rates. A 10% change from the levels experienced during the first three months of 2018 of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies that affected the Company would have resulted in less than a $1 million change in net income for the same period.

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Commodity Steel Pricing

Our business is sensitive to steel prices, which can impact our product pricing, with steel tubular prices generally having the highest degree of sensitivity. While we cannot predict steel prices, we mitigate this risk by managing our inventory levels, including maintaining sufficient quantity on hand to meet demand, while limiting the risk of overstocking.

Interest Rates

We are subject to interest rate risk with our revolving credit facility. The credit facility requires us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at variable rates. Each one percentage point change in interest rates associated with the facility would result in a less than $1 million change in our quarterly cash interest expense based on the balance at March 31, 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibits

We hereby undertake, pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(b), paragraph (4) (iii), to furnish to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, all constituent instruments defining the rights of holders of our long-term debt not filed herewith.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 2, 2018 

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