NUVASIVE INC - Quarter Report: 2013 September (Form 10-Q)

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Non-accelerated filer ¨

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



	þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013



	¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 000-50744

NUVASIVE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		33-0768598
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7475 Lusk Boulevard,
San Diego, CA 92121 (Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(858) 909-1800

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period than the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO þ

As of October 21, 2013, there were 44,618,891 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

NuVasive, Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2013



PART I
Item 1.	Financial Statements	2
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28

PART II
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33
Item 5.	Other Information	33
Item 6.	Exhibits	34

SIGNATURES		35

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

NUVASIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par values)



	September 30,			December 31,
	2013			2012
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	100,616		$	123,299
Short-term marketable securities	109,214			138,405
Accounts receivable, net	96,208			88,958
Inventory	140,709			126,335
Deferred tax assets, current	31,136			28,236
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	10,100			8,516
Total current assets	487,983			513,749
Property and equipment, net	130,796			125,123
Long-term marketable securities	92,999			84,412
Intangible assets, net	93,037			101,362
Goodwill	154,913			154,106
Deferred tax assets	39,719			40,575
Restricted cash and investments	119,168			118,995
Other assets	21,624			25,463
Total assets	$	1,140,239		$	1,163,785
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	81,820		$	62,048
Accrued payroll and related expenses	26,117			27,916
Senior Convertible Notes, current	—			74,311
Total current liabilities	107,937			164,275
Senior Convertible Notes	342,552			332,404
Deferred tax liabilities	3,143			3,129
Litigation liability	93,700			101,200
Other long-term liabilities	14,789			15,199
Commitments and contingencies
Noncontrolling interests	—			10,003
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized, none outstanding	—			—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 120,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, 44,596 and 43,686 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively	45			44
Additional paid-in capital	746,518			714,865
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,476		)	786
Accumulated deficit	(176,227		)	(178,120		)
Total NuVasive, Inc. stockholders’ equity	568,860			537,575
Noncontrolling interests	9,258			—
Total equity	578,118			537,575
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,140,239		$	1,163,785

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
Revenue	$	169,156		$	148,391		$	494,358		$	454,501
Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization of purchased technology)	43,291			37,746			131,131			111,213
Gross profit	125,865			110,645			363,227			343,288
Operating expenses:
Sales, marketing and administrative	102,085			87,410			306,243			274,703
Research and development	7,248			7,575			24,654			26,898
Amortization of intangible assets	4,974			3,081			14,263			8,830
Total operating expenses	114,307			98,066			345,160			310,431
Interest and other expense, net:
Interest income	157			249			560			661
Interest expense	(6,712		)	(6,885		)	(20,396		)	(20,682		)
Other income, net	3,137			260			2,937			146
Total interest and other expense, net	(3,418		)	(6,376		)	(16,899		)	(19,875		)
Income before income taxes	8,140			6,203			1,168			12,982
Income tax expense	860			4,064			20			7,764
Consolidated net income	$	7,280		$	2,139		$	1,148		$	5,218
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	$	(231	)	$	(215	)	$	(745	)	$	(672	)
Net income attributable to NuVasive, Inc.	$	7,511		$	2,354		$	1,893		$	5,890

Net income per share attributable to NuVasive, Inc.:
Basic	$	0.17		$	0.05		$	0.04		$	0.14
Diluted	$	0.16		$	0.05		$	0.04		$	0.13
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	44,572			43,488			44,339			43,227
Diluted	47,220			44,735			46,387			44,151

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands)



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013			2012
Consolidated net income	$	7,280	$	2,139	$	1,148		$	5,218
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax	283		102		13			(43		)
Translation adjustments, net of tax	1,654		1,029		(2,275		)	732
Other comprehensive income (loss)	1,937		1,131		(2,262		)	689
Total consolidated comprehensive income (loss)	9,217		3,270		(1,114		)	5,907
Plus: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	231		215		745			672
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NuVasive, Inc.	$	9,448	$	3,485	$	(369	)	$	6,579

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012
Operating activities:
Consolidated net income	$	1,148		$	5,218
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	46,289			38,237
Amortization of debt discount	10,148			9,435
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,265			1,386
Stock-based compensation	24,002			20,400
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales return reserves	665			816
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory, net of write-offs	1,984			2,000
Other non-cash adjustments	3,881			5,002
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(8,253		)	8,421
Inventory	(16,749		)	(14,222		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(2,838		)	13,582
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	10,415			9,480
Accrued payroll and related expenses	(1,824		)	(269		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	70,133			99,486
Investing activities:
Cash paid for business and asset acquisitions	(8,019		)	(9,838		)
Purchases of property and equipment	(38,018		)	(35,706		)
Purchases of marketable securities	(164,338		)	(192,759		)
Sales of marketable securities	183,756			193,035
Purchases of restricted investments	—			(113,331		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(26,619		)	(158,599		)
Financing activities:
Principal payment of 2013 Senior Convertible Notes	(74,311		)	—
Tax benefits related to stock-based compensation awards	5,247			—
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock	3,492			3,183
Other assets	(72		)	132
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(65,644		)	3,315
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(553		)	37
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(22,683		)	(55,761		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	123,299			163,492
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	100,616		$	107,731
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:
Issuance of common stock in connection with asset acquisitions	$	—		$	7,560

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business. NuVasive, Inc. (the Company or NuVasive) was incorporated in Delaware on July 21, 1997, and began commercializing its products in 2001. The Company is focused on developing minimally disruptive surgical products and procedurally integrated solutions for the spine. NuVasive's principal product offering includes a minimally disruptive surgical platform called Maximum Access Surgery, or MAS^®, as well as an offering of biologics, cervical and motion preservation products. The MAS platform combines three categories of solutions that collectively minimize soft tissue disruption during spine fusion surgery, provide maximum visualization and are designed to enable reproducible outcomes for the surgeon. The platform includes a proprietary software-driven nerve detection and avoidance systems, NVM5 and NVJJB, and Intra-Operative Monitoring (IOM) support; MaXcess^®, a unique and integrated split-blade retractor system; and a wide variety of specialized implants. When the three elements of MAS are used together, they may significantly reduce surgery time and return patients to activities of daily living much faster than conventional approaches. The individual components of NuVasive's MAS platform, and many of the Company's products, can also be used in open or traditional spine surgery and may independently offer patient benefits to various surgical approaches dealing with a wide variety of pathologies. The Company continues to focus significant research and development efforts to expand its MAS product platform and advance the applications of its unique technology into procedurally integrated surgical solutions. The Company dedicates significant resources toward training spine surgeons on its unique technology and products.

The Company’s primary business model is to loan its MAS systems to surgeons and hospitals who purchase disposables and implants for use in individual procedures. In addition, for larger customers, the Company’s proprietary nerve monitoring systems, MaXcess and surgical instrument sets are placed with hospitals for an extended period at no up-front cost to them. The Company also offers a range of bone allograft in patented saline packaging, disposables and spine implants, which include its branded CoRoent^® products and fixation devices such as rods, plates and screws. Implants and disposables are shipped from the Company’s inventories. The Company sells an immaterial quantity of MAS instrument sets, MaXcess and nerve monitoring systems to hospitals.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Pursuant to these rules and regulations, the Company has condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures it normally includes in its annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary, which are of a normal and recurring nature, for the fair presentation of the Company's financial position and of the results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Additionally, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for all periods presented include the accounts of a variable interest entity, Progentix Orthobiology, B.V. (Progentix), which is consolidated pursuant to existing guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

As a result of the 2011 acquisition of Impulse Monitoring Inc. (Impulse Monitoring), the Company maintains a contractual relationship with several physician practices (PCs) whereby the PCs provide the physician oversight service associated with the IOM services. Pursuant to such contractual arrangements, the Company provides management services to the PCs. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the associated PCs are American Neuromonitoring Associates, P.C.; Pacific Neuromonitoring Associates, Inc.; Keystone Neuromonitoring Associates, P.C.; North Pacific Neuromonitoring Associates, P.C.; and Midwest Neuromonitoring Associates, Inc. Under the management services agreements, the Company provides all non-medical services to the PCs in return for a management fee that is settled on a monthly basis. The management services include management reporting, billing and collections of all charges for medical services provided and all administrative support to the PCs. Pursuant to existing guidance issued by the FASB, these represent variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, and the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the PCs from the date of acquisition.

All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in NuVasive's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. The balance sheet at December 31, 2012 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to conform to the current year presentation.

2. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted the FASB's requirements for presentation of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). The guidance requires companies to report, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI and to present reclassifications by component when reporting changes in AOCI balances. The adoption of this authoritative guidance did not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

3. Investment in Progentix Orthobiology, B.V.

In 2009, the Company completed the purchase of forty percent (40%) of the capital stock of Progentix, a company organized under the laws of the Netherlands, from existing shareholders (the Progentix Shareholders) pursuant to a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement for $10 million in cash (the Initial Investment). Concurrent with the Initial Investment, NuVasive and Progentix also entered into a Senior Secured Facility Agreement, whereby Progentix may borrow up to $5.0 million from NuVasive to fund ongoing clinical and regulatory efforts (the Loan). At September 30, 2013, the Company had advanced Progentix the full $5.0 million in accordance with the Loan Agreement. The Loan accrues interest at a rate of six percent (6%) per year. Other than its obligations under the Loan Agreement, NuVasive is not obligated to provide additional funding, nor has any additional funding been provided, to Progentix.

Also concurrent with the Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, NuVasive, Progentix and the Progentix Shareholders entered into an Option Purchase Agreement, as amended (the Option Agreement), whereby NuVasive was obligated (the Put Option), upon the achievement of an annual sales run rate on Progentix products in excess of a specified amount between June 14, 2011 and June 13, 2013 (the Option Period), to purchase the remaining sixty percent (60%) of capital stock of Progentix from its shareholders (the Remaining Shares) for an amount up to $35.0 million, subject to certain reductions, payable in a combination of cash and NuVasive common stock, at NuVasive’s sole discretion. In accordance with the Option Agreement, NuVasive had the right to purchase the Remaining Shares (the Call Option) during the Option Period for an amount up to $35.0 million, subject to certain reductions, payable in a combination of cash and NuVasive common stock, at NuVasive’s sole discretion. The Option Agreement expired unexercised on June 13, 2013. NuVasive and Progentix also entered into a Distribution Agreement during 2009, as amended, whereby Progentix appointed NuVasive as its exclusive distributor for certain Progentix products. The Distribution Agreement will be in effect for a term of ten years unless terminated earlier in accordance with its terms.

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company has determined that Progentix is a variable interest entity as it does not have the ability to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support and its equity investors will not absorb their proportionate share of expected losses and will be limited in the receipt of the potential residual returns of Progentix. Additionally, pursuant to this guidance, NuVasive is considered its primary beneficiary as NuVasive has both (1) the power to direct the economically significant activities of Progentix and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, Progentix. Accordingly, the financial position and results of operations of Progentix have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of the Initial Investment. The liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating Progentix do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets. The creditors of Progentix have claims only on the assets of Progentix, which are not material, and the assets of Progentix are not available to NuVasive.

Pursuant to authoritative guidance, the equity interests in Progentix not owned by the Company, which includes shares of both common and preferred stock, are reported as noncontrolling interests on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company. The preferred stock represents 18% of the noncontrolling equity interests and provides for a cumulative 8% dividend, if and when declared by Progentix’s Board of Directors. As the rights of the preferred stock are substantially the same as those of the common stock, the preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interest and shares in the allocation of the losses incurred by Progentix. Losses incurred by Progentix are charged to the Company and to the noncontrolling interest holders based on their ownership percentage. The Remaining Shares and the Option Agreement that was entered into between NuVasive, Progentix and the Progentix Shareholders were not considered to be freestanding financial instruments during the Option Period as defined by authoritative guidance. Therefore, during the Option Period, the Remaining Shares and the Option Agreement were accounted for as a combined unit on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a redeemable noncontrolling interest that was initially recorded at fair value and classified as mezzanine equity. Upon the expiration of the Option Agreement on June 13, 2013, the noncontrolling interest was no longer redeemable and therefore, pursuant to the authoritative guidance, the noncontrolling interest was reclassified out of mezzanine equity to its own component of total equity within the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Total assets and liabilities of Progentix included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet are as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
Total current assets	$	523	$	657
Identifiable intangible assets, net	14,520		14,871
Goodwill	12,654		12,654
Other long-term assets	9		15
Accounts payable & accrued expenses	364		230
Deferred tax liabilities, net	2,890		2,890
Noncontrolling interests	9,258		10,003

The following is a reconciliation of equity (net assets) attributable to the noncontrolling interests (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
Noncontrolling interests at beginning of period	$	10,003	$	10,705
Less: Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests	745		672
Noncontrolling interests at end of period	$	9,258	$	10,033

4. Balance Sheet Reserves

The balances of the reserves for accounts receivable and inventory are as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
Reserves for accounts receivable and sales returns	$	3,362	$	2,780
Reserves for excess and obsolete inventory	$	18,722	$	16,856

The Company's inventory consists primarily of purchased finished goods, which includes specialized implants and disposables, and is stated at the lower of cost or market determined by a weighted average cost method. The Company reviews the components of its inventory on a periodic basis for excess, obsolete or impaired inventory, and records a reserve for the identified items.

5. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

Marketable securities consist of certificates of deposit, corporate notes, commercial paper, U.S. government treasury securities and securities of government-sponsored entities. The Company classifies all securities as available-for-sale, as the sale of such securities may be required prior to maturity to implement management strategies. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other comprehensive income in equity until realized. A decline in the market value of any marketable security below cost that is determined to be other-than-temporary will result in a revaluation of its carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. No such impairment charges were recorded for any period presented.

Realized gains and losses from the sale of marketable securities, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income or expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Realized gains and losses during the periods presented were immaterial. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method and are included in interest income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

The composition of marketable securities is as follows (in thousands, except years):



	Contractual Maturity (in Years)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
September 30, 2013:
Classified as current assets
Certificates of deposit	Less than 1	$	1,099	$	—	$	—		$	1,099
Corporate notes	Less than 1	58,787		23		(18		)	58,792
Commercial paper	Less than 1	14,992		—		—			14,992
U.S. government treasury securities	Less than 1	14,616		8		—			14,624
Securities of government-sponsored entities	Less than 1	19,697		10		—			19,707
Short-term marketable securities		109,191		41		(18		)	109,214
Classified as non-current assets
Certificates of deposit	1 to 2	575		—		—			575
Corporate notes	1 to 2	26,332		15		(18		)	26,329
U.S. government treasury securities	1 to 2	1,500		1		—			1,501
Securities of government-sponsored entities	1 to 2	64,557		42		(5		)	64,594
Long-term marketable securities		92,964		58		(23		)	92,999
Classified as restricted investments
U.S. government treasury securities	Less than 2	47,407		22		(2		)	47,427
Securities of government-sponsored entities	Less than 2	39,149		9		(2		)	39,156
Restricted investments		86,556		31		(4		)	86,583
Total marketable securities at September 30, 2013		$	288,711	$	130	$	(45	)	$	288,796

December 31, 2012:
Classified as current assets
Certificates of deposit	Less than 1	$	998	$	—	$	—		$	998
Corporate notes	Less than 1	19,169		3		(1		)	19,171
Commercial paper	Less than 1	9,995		2		—			9,997
U.S. government treasury securities	Less than 1	17,055		6		—			17,061
Securities of government-sponsored entities	Less than 1	91,151		27		—			91,178
Short-term marketable securities		138,368		38		(1		)	138,405
Classified as non-current assets
Corporate notes	1 to 2	23,293		—		(17		)	23,276
U.S. government treasury securities	1 to 2	7,619		4		—			7,623
Securities of government-sponsored entities	1 to 2	53,493		22		(2		)	53,513
Long-term marketable securities		84,405		26		(19		)	84,412
Classified as restricted investments
U.S. government treasury securities	Less than 2	31,784		5		(1		)	31,788
Securities of government-sponsored entities	Less than 2	53,618		18		(1		)	53,635
Restricted investments		85,402		23		(2		)	85,423
Total marketable securities at December 31, 2012		$	308,175	$	87	$	(22	)	$	308,240

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

As of September 30, 2013, the Company had no investments that were in a significant unrealized loss position. The Company reviews its investments to identify and evaluate investments that have an indication of possible other-than-temporary impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the Company’s intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. The Company maintains an investment portfolio of various holdings, types and maturities. The Company does not hold derivative financial investments. The Company places its cash investments in instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in its investment policy guidelines. These guidelines also limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issue, issuer or type of instrument.

The Company measures certain assets and liabilities in accordance with authoritative guidance which requires fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

Assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classification on a quarterly basis. Changes in the ability to observe valuation inputs may result in a reclassification of levels for certain assets or liabilities within the fair value hierarchy. The Company did not have any transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. The Company had no transfers from Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the three months ended September 30, 2012. The Company had one transfer from Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as a result of the settlement of a milestone.

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

The fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, were determined using the following inputs (in thousands):



	Total			Quoted Price in Active Market (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2013:
Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Restricted Investments:
Money market funds	$	59,107		$	59,107	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit	1,674			1,674		—		—
Corporate notes	85,121			—		85,121		—
Commercial paper	14,992			—		14,992		—
U.S. government treasury securities	63,552			63,552		—		—
Securities of government-sponsored entities	123,457			—		123,457		—
Total cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted investments	$	347,903		$	124,333	$	223,570	$	—

Contingent Consideration:
Acquisition-related liabilities, current	$	(573	)	$	—	$	—	$	(573	)
Acquisition-related liabilities, non-current	$	(576	)	$	—	$	—	$	(576	)
Total contingent consideration	$	(1,149	)	$	—	$	—	$	(1,149	)

December 31, 2012:
Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Restricted Investments:
Money market funds	$	89,101		$	89,101	$	—	$	—
Certificates of deposit	998			998		—		—
Corporate notes	42,447			—		42,447		—
Commercial paper	9,997			—		9,997		—
U.S. government treasury securities	56,472			56,472		—		—
Securities of government-sponsored entities	198,326			—		198,326		—
Total cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted investments	$	397,341		$	146,571	$	250,770	$	—

Contingent Consideration:
Acquisition-related liabilities, non-current	$	(1,074	)	$	—	$	—	$	(1,074	)

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company's capital lease obligations approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The fair and carrying value of the Company’s Senior Convertible Notes is discussed in Note 7.

Contingent Consideration Liability

In connection with the acquisition of Cervitech, Inc. (Cervitech) in May 2009, the Company was required to pay an additional amount not to exceed $33.0 million in the event that the PCM Cervical Disc System (PCM) received FDA approval. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model, the significant inputs of which were not observable in the market. The key assumptions in applying this approach were the interest rate, the timing of expected approval and the probability assigned to the milestone being achieved. During the fourth quarter of 2012, the PCM was

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approved by the FDA. Accordingly, the contingent consideration liability was accreted to $33.0 million. Changes in fair value were recorded in the statement of operations as sales, marketing and administrative expenses.

In connection with an immaterial acquisition in 2012, the Company is required to pay an amount not to exceed €2.0 million in the event two specified revenue-based milestones are met. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a discounted cash flow model, the significant inputs of which are not observable in the market. The key assumptions in applying this approach are the revenue projections, the interest rate and the probabilities assigned to the milestones being achieved. Based on these assumptions, the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $1.1 million at September 30, 2013 and is included in accrued liabilities in the September 30, 2013 condensed consolidated balance sheet. Changes in fair value are recorded in the statements of operations as sales, marketing and administrative expenses.

In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2012, approximately $0.5 million related to contingent consideration recorded in connection with an immaterial acquisition which occurred in 2010 was settled and no longer considered contingent consideration.

The following table sets forth the changes in the estimated fair value of the Company’s liabilities measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
Fair value measurement at beginning of period	$	1,074	$	32,221
Contingent consideration liability recorded upon acquisition	—		1,019
Change in fair value measurement included in operating expenses	75		708
Contingent consideration settled	—		(530		)
Fair value measurement at end of period	$	1,149	$	33,418

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands, except years):



	Weighted- Average Amortization Period (in years)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, net
September 30, 2013:
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Purchased technology:
Developed technology	10	$	56,328	$	(19,668	)	$	36,660
Manufacturing know-how and trade secrets	12	21,979		(9,412		)	12,567
Trade name and trademarks	11	9,500		(3,071		)	6,429
Customer relationships	8	43,865		(17,124		)	26,741
	10	$	131,672	$	(49,275	)	$	82,397
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization:
In-process research and development							10,640
Goodwill							154,913
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net							$	247,950

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	Weighted- Average Amortization Period (in years)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, net
December 31, 2012:
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:
Purchased technology:
Developed technology	10	$	55,178	$	(14,966	)	$	40,212
Manufacturing know-how and trade secrets	12	21,712		(7,996		)	13,716
Trade name and trademarks	11	9,500		(2,333		)	7,167
Customer relationships	9	39,330		(9,703		)	29,627
	10	$	125,720	$	(34,998	)	$	90,722
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization:
In-process research and development							10,640
Goodwill							154,106
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net							$	255,468

Total expense related to the amortization of intangible assets was $5.0 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $14.3 million and $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. In-process research and development will be amortized beginning on the regulatory approval date of the respective acquired products and will be amortized over the estimated useful life determined at that time.

Total future amortization expense related to intangible assets subject to amortization at September 30, 2013 is set forth in the table below (in thousands):



Remaining 2013	$	4,971
2014	13,603
2015	12,515
2016	12,040
2017	9,688
2018	9,171
Thereafter through 2026	20,409
Total future amortization expense	$	82,397

7. Senior Convertible Notes

The carrying values of the Company’s Senior Convertible Notes are as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2013			December 31, 2012
2.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2017:
Principal amount	$	402,500		$	402,500
Unamortized debt discount	(59,948		)	(70,096		)
	342,552			332,404
2.25% Senior Convertible Notes due 2013	—			74,311
Total Senior Convertible Notes	$	342,552		$	406,715

2.75% Senior Convertible Notes due 2017

In June 2011, the Company issued $402.5 million principal amount of the 2017 Notes, which includes the issuance of $52.5 million principal amount for the exercise of the initial purchasers’ option to purchase additional notes. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and costs directly related to the offering, were approximately $359.2 million. The 2017 Notes have a stated interest rate of 2.75% and mature on July 1, 2017. Prior to September 28, 2011, the date on which

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stockholder approval to increase the number of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock from 70 million to 120 million was obtained, the 2017 Notes were settleable only in cash. Subsequent to the receipt of this approval, the 2017 Notes may be settled in cash, stock, or a combination thereof, solely at the Company’s election. It is the Company’s current intent and policy to settle all conversions through combination settlement, which involves repayment of an amount of cash equal to the principal amount and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of common stock. The initial conversion rate of the 2017 Notes is 23.7344 shares per $1,000 principal amount, subject to adjustment (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $42.13 per share).

Interest on the 2017 Notes began accruing in June 2011 and is payable semi-annually each January 1st and July 1st, beginning January 1, 2012. The fair value, based on a quoted market price, or Level 1, of the outstanding 2017 Notes at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was approximately $392.8 million and $361.3 million, respectively.

Prior to January 1, 2017, holders may convert their 2017 Notes only under the following conditions: a) During any calendar quarter beginning October 1, 2011, if the reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 days of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; b) During the five business day period in which the trading price of the 2017 Notes falls below 98% of the product of (i) the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and (ii) the conversion rate on that date; and c) Upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as defined in the 2017 Notes. From January 1, 2017 and until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding July 1, 2017, holders may convert their 2017 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. The Company may not redeem the 2017 Notes prior to maturity. As of September 30, 2013, the “if-converted” value of the 2017 Notes did not exceed its principal amount and none of the conditions allowing holders of the 2017 Notes to convert had been met.

Other than restrictions relating to certain fundamental changes and consolidations, mergers or asset sales and customary anti-dilution adjustments, the 2017 Notes do not contain any financial covenants and do not restrict the Company from paying dividends or issuing or repurchasing any of its other securities.

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the cash conversion feature of the 2017 Notes (the 2017 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative) required bifurcation from the 2017 Notes and was initially accounted for as a derivative liability. The fair value of the 2017 Notes Embedded Conversion Derivative at the time of issuance of the 2017 Notes was $88.9 million, and was recorded as the original debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the 2017 Notes. On September 28, 2011, upon obtaining stockholder approval of the additional authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, in accordance with authoritative literature, the derivative liability was marked to fair value and reclassified to equity. The original debt discount is being recognized as interest expense using an effective interest rate of 8.0% over the term of the 2017 Notes. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the net carrying value of the equity component is $49.3 million.

The interest expense recognized on the 2017 Notes during the three months ended September 30, 2013 includes $2.8 million and $3.4 million for the contractual coupon interest and the accretion of the debt discount, respectively. The interest expense recognized on the 2017 Notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 includes $8.3 million and $10.1 million for the contractual coupon interest and the accretion of the debt discount, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2012, interest expense recognized on the 2017 Notes includes $2.8 million and $3.2 million for the contractual coupon interest and the accretion of the debt discount, respectively. The interest expense recognized on the 2017 Notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 includes $8.3 million and $9.4 million for the contractual coupon interest and the accretion of the debt discount, respectively.

In connection with the offering of the 2017 Notes, the Company entered into a convertible note hedge transaction (the 2017 Hedge) with the initial purchasers and/or their affiliates (the 2017 Counterparties) entitling the Company to purchase up to 9,553,096 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial stock price of $42.13 per share, each of which is subject to adjustment. Prior to obtaining the stockholder approval to increase the number of the Company’s authorized common shares discussed above, the 2017 Hedge was settleable only in cash and was accounted for as a derivative asset. The cost of the 2017 Hedge was $80.1 million. On September 28, 2011, upon obtaining stockholder approval of the additional authorized shares of the Company’s common stock, in accordance with authoritative literature, the derivative asset was marked to fair value and reclassified to stockholders’ equity. The 2017 Hedge expires on July 1, 2017. The 2017 Hedge is expected to reduce the potential equity dilution upon conversion of the 2017 Notes if the daily volume-weighted average price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the strike price of the 2017 Hedge.

In addition, the Company sold warrants to the 2017 Counterparties to acquire up to 477,654 shares of the Company’s Series A Participating Preferred Stock (the 2017 Warrants), at an initial strike price of $988.51 per share, subject to adjustment. Each share of Series A Participating Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 20 shares of the Company’s common stock. The 2017

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Warrants expire on various dates from September 2017 through January 2018 and may be settled in cash or net shares. The Company received $47.9 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the 2017 Warrants, which has been recorded as an increase in additional paid-in-capital. The 2017 Warrants could have a dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share to the extent that the price of the Company’s common stock during a given measurement period (the quarter or year-to-date period) exceeds the strike price of the 2017 Warrants.

2.25% Senior Convertible Notes due 2013

In March 2008, the Company issued $230.0 million principal amount of 2.25% unsecured Senior Convertible Notes (the 2013 Notes). The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and costs directly related to the offering, were approximately $208.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company repurchased, in privately negotiated transactions, approximately $155.7 million in principal of its 2013 Notes. The remaining balance of the 2013 Notes matured on March 15, 2013 and accordingly, during the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company repaid the total outstanding principal amount of $74.3 million in cash.

In connection with the offering of the 2013 Notes, the Company sold to the initial purchasers and/or their affiliates warrants to acquire up to 5.1 million shares of the Company's common stock (the 2013 Warrants), at an initial strike price of $49.13 per share, subject to adjustment. The 2013 Warrants could have a dilutive effect on the Company's earnings per share to the extent that the price of the Company's common stock during a given measurement period (the quarter or year to date period) exceeds the strike price of the 2013 Warrants. The 2013 Warrants began expiring in June 2013 and at September 30, 2013, warrants to acquire up to 0.4 million shares of the Company's common stock remained outstanding. All remaining outstanding warrants expired on or before October 8, 2013.

8. Net Income Per Share

The Company computes basic net income per share using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share assumes the conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential common stock equivalents, unless the effect of inclusion would be anti-dilutive. For purposes of this calculation, common stock equivalents include the Company’s stock options, unvested restricted stock units, including those with performance and market conditions, warrants, and the shares to be issued upon the conversion of the Senior Convertible Notes. No shares related to the assumed exercise of outstanding warrants or the conversion of the Senior Convertible Notes were included in the diluted net income per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
Numerator:
Net income attributable to NuVasive, Inc.	$	7,511	$	2,354	$	1,893	$	5,890
Denominator for basic and diluted net income per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic	44,572		43,488		44,339		43,227
Dilutive potential common stock outstanding:
Stock options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)	473		317		304		215
Restricted stock units	2,175		930		1,744		709
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted	47,220		44,735		46,387		44,151
Basic net income per share attributable to NuVasive, Inc.	$	0.17	$	0.05	$	0.04	$	0.14
Diluted net income per share attributable to NuVasive, Inc.	$	0.16	$	0.05	$	0.04	$	0.13

The following weighted outstanding common stock equivalents were not included in the calculation of net income per diluted share because their effects were anti-dilutive (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013	2012	2013	2012
Stock options, ESPP shares and unvested restricted stock units	4,957	5,921	5,759	6,047
Warrants	11,998	14,694	13,768	14,694
Senior Convertible Notes	9,553	11,214	10,003	11,214
Total	26,508	31,829	29,530	31,955

9. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and shares issued to employees under the ESPP using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units is based on the stock price on the date of grant. The fair value of equity instruments that are expected to vest are recognized and amortized on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.

The weighted average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock purchase rights under the ESPP are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
ESPP
Volatility	57	%	55	%	57	%	55	%
Expected term (years)	1.7		1.6		1.6		1.5
Risk free interest rate	0.2	%	0.2	%	0.2	%	0.2	%
Expected dividend yield	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%

The Company did not grant any stock options during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2013 or 2012.

The Company issued 24,000 and 29,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, and issued 48,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options during the year ended December 31, 2012. The Company issued 70,000 and 510,000 shares of common stock upon the vesting

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of RSUs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, and issued 339,000 shares of common stock upon the vesting of RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2012.

In 2012, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the Compensation Committee) granted performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUs) to certain senior Company executives that were earned based on the achievement of pre-defined Company-specific performance criteria for the year ended December 31, 2012. The fair value of the PRSUs was based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. One-third of the PRSUs vested on March 1, 2013 and the remaining two-thirds vest equally on March 1, 2014 and March 1, 2015. The Company issued 117,000 shares of common stock upon the vesting of PRSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2013.

During the first quarter of 2013, the Compensation Committee granted restricted stock units to certain senior Company executives that are earned based on the achievement of pre-defined market conditions (total stockholder return) for the year ended December 31, 2013 (TSR PRSUs). The fair value of the TSR PRSUs was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model. The key assumptions in applying this model are an expected volatility of 49% and a risk free interest rate of 0.13%. The TSR PRSUs vest in two equal installments on February 1, 2014 and February 1, 2015.

The compensation cost that has been included in the statement of operations for all stock-based compensation arrangements was as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
Sales, marketing and administrative expense	$	7,965	$	4,844	$	22,667	$	18,723
Research and development expense	448		567		1,239		1,624
Cost of goods sold	41		23		96		53
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	8,454	$	5,434	$	24,002	$	20,400

10. Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.9 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and an income tax expense of $20 thousand and $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was 2%, and reflected a discrete tax benefit of $0.9 million, or 77% of pre-tax income, related to the 2012 federal research and development (R&D) credit which was retrospectively reinstated in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The Company updates its annual effective income tax rate each quarter and if the estimated effective income tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made.

There were no material changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits and interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

11. Business Segment, Product and Geographic Information

The Company’s business operates in one segment based upon the Company’s organizational structure, the way in which the operations are managed and evaluated and the lack of availability of separate financial results.

The Company’s Spine Surgery Product line offerings, which include thoracolumbar product offerings, cervical offerings, and a set of motion preservation products still under development, are primarily used to enable access to the spine and to perform restorative and fusion procedures in a minimally disruptive fashion. The Company’s Biologic product line offerings includes allograft (donated human tissue), FormaGraft^®, a collagen synthetic product, Osteocel Plus^®, an allograft cellular matrix containing viable mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and AttraX^®, a synthetic bone graft material, all used to aid the spinal fusion process. The Company’s Monitoring Service offering includes IOM services. Revenue by product line offerings was as follows (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
Spine Surgery Products	$	131,137	$	112,590	$	382,485	$	343,962
Biologics	28,743		26,158		83,754		81,256
Monitoring Service	9,276		9,643		28,119		29,283
Total Revenue	$	169,156	$	148,391	$	494,358	$	454,501

Revenue and property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows (in thousands):



	Revenue								Property and Equipment, Net
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				As of September 30,		As of December 31,
	2013		2012		2013		2012		2013		2012
United States	$	152,377	$	136,885	$	450,024	$	422,754	$	112,976	$	112,701
International (excludes Puerto Rico)	16,779		11,506		44,334		31,747		17,820		12,422
Total	$	169,156	$	148,391	$	494,358	$	454,501	$	130,796	$	125,123

12. Legal Proceedings

Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc. Litigation

In August 2008, Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc., Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc. and other Medtronic related entities (collectively, Medtronic) filed suit against NuVasive in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the Medtronic Litigation), alleging that certain of NuVasive’s products infringe, or contribute to the infringement of, twelve U.S. patents assigned or licensed to Medtronic. Three of the patents were later withdrawn by Medtronic, leaving nine patents. NuVasive brought counterclaims against Medtronic alleging infringement of certain of NuVasive’s patents. The case has been administratively broken into serial phases. The first phase of the case included three Medtronic patents and one NuVasive patent and on September 20, 2011, a jury from the U.S. District Court delivered an unfavorable verdict against NuVasive with respect to the three Medtronic patents and a favorable verdict with respect to the one NuVasive patent. The jury awarded monetary damages of approximately $101.2 million to Medtronic, which includes lost profits and back royalties (the 2011 verdict). Medtronic’s subsequent motion for a permanent injunction was denied by the District Court on January 26, 2012. The District Court entered judgment on March 2, 2012. Both parties appealed the verdict. Medtronic subsequently filed a motion to dismiss its own appeal and NuVasive's cross-appeal with the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. On August 2, 2012, the Federal Circuit issued a ruling stating that ongoing royalties must be determined by the District Court prior to the appeal going forward. On June 11, 2013, the District Court ruled on the ongoing royalty rates (the June 2013 ruling). On August 20, 2013, NuVasive and Medtronic filed their respective notices of appeal, and the appeal is now proceeding before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In addition, on March 19, 2012, the District Court issued an order granting prejudgment interest. The Company entered into an escrow arrangement in 2012 and transferred $113.3 million of cash into a restricted escrow account to secure the amount of judgment, plus prejudgment interest, during pendency of the appeal. These funds are included in restricted cash and investments on the Company's September 30, 2013 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, during the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded an accrual of $101.2 million for the 2011 verdict. In addition, on sales subsequent to the 2011 verdict and through March 31, 2013, the Company accrued royalties at the royalty rates stated in the 2011 verdict. Upon receiving the District Court ruling in June 2013, the Company began accruing ongoing royalties on sales at the royalty rates stated in the June 2013 ruling, and recorded a charge of approximately $7.9 million to account for the difference between using the royalty rates stated in the 2011 verdict and those in the June 2013 ruling on sales through March 31, 2013. As a result of the June 2013 ruling, the Company will be required to escrow funds to secure accrued royalties, estimated at $21 million to date, and ongoing royalties. The Company is also accruing post-judgment interest. With respect to the prejudgment interest award, the Company, based on its own assessment, as well as that of outside counsel, believes a reversal of the prejudgment interest award on appeal is probable, and therefore, in accordance with authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual for this amount, which is estimated to approximate $13 million. Additional damages, including interest may still be awarded, and at September 30, 2013, the Company cannot estimate a range of additional potential loss.

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With respect to the favorable verdict delivered regarding the one NuVasive patent, the jury awarded the Company monetary damages of approximately $0.7 million for reasonable royalty damages. In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of gain contingencies, this amount has not been recorded at September 30, 2013. Additionally, the June 2013 ruling determined the ongoing royalty rate to be paid to the Company by Medtronic for its post-verdict sales of the one NuVasive patent. Consistent with the treatment afforded the $0.7 million damage award; no amount has been recorded for royalty revenue as of September 30, 2013.

The second phase of the case pending in the Southern District of California involved one Medtronic cervical plate patent. On April 25, 2013, NuVasive and Medtronic entered into a settlement agreement fully resolving the second phase of the case. The settlement also removes from the case the cervical plate patent that was part of the first phase. As part of the settlement, NuVasive received a broad license to practice (i) the Medtronic patent that was the sole subject of the second phase of the litigation, (ii) the Medtronic patent that was part of the first phase of the litigation, and (iii) each of the Medtronic patent families that collectively represent the vast majority of Medtronic's patent rights related to cervical plate technology. In exchange for these license rights, NuVasive made a one-time payment to Medtronic of $7.5 million, which amount will be fully offset against any damage award ultimately determined to be owed by NuVasive in connection with a final resolution of the first phase of the litigation. In addition, Medtronic will receive a royalty on certain cervical plate products sold by NuVasive, including the Helix^® and Gradient^® lines of products. As a result of this settlement, all current patent disputes between the parties related to cervical plate technology have been resolved.

On August 17, 2012, Medtronic filed additional patent claims in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Indiana alleging that various NuVasive spinal implants (including its CoRoent^® XL family of spinal implants) and NuVasive's Osteocel^® Plus bone graft product infringe two additional Medtronic Patents not asserted in the Southern District of California. On August 28, 2012, Medtronic amended its complaint alleging that NuVasive's XLIF procedure and use of MaXcess IV retractor during the XLIF procedure infringe methodology claims of another Medtronic patent. The Company denies infringing any valid claims of these additional patents and on September 4, 2012, the Company filed a motion to transfer the case to the Southern District of California. The Indiana District Court granted the Company's motion and transferred the case to the Southern District of California.

On March 7, 2013, NuVasive amended its counterclaims to allege infringement by Medtronic of eight NuVasive patents not asserted in the first or second phases of the litigation. On March 22, 2013, NuVasive moved to stay the litigation of two of Medtronic's patents pending the U.S. Patent Office proceedings with respect to these patents. The Court granted the Company's motion with respect to one of the patents, and denied without prejudice to renew the motion with respect to the second patent. On September 23, 2013, the U.S. Patent Office granted inter partes review of the second patent. The Court granted the Company's motion with respect to one of the patents, and denied without prejudice to renew the motion with respect to the second patent. On June 27, 2013, NuVasive filed an inter partes review petition with the U.S. Patent Office challenging a third patent that issued to Medtronic on May 21, 2013. On July 25, 2013, the Court granted Medtronic leave to amend the complaint to add a charge of infringement of the third patent. On September 23, 2013, the U.S. Patent Office granted inter partes review of the second patent. Based on the U.S. Patent Office's grant of inter partes review, the Company intends to renew its motion to stay the second patent. On July 25, 2013, the Court granted Medtronic leave to amend the complaint to add a charge of infringement of U.S. Patent No. 8,444,696. A claim construction hearing is scheduled for November 7, 2013 and a pre-trial conference for June 20, 2014. No trial date is set. At September 30, 2013, the probable outcome of this litigation cannot be determined, nor can the Company estimate a range of potential loss. In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual related to this litigation.

Trademark Infringement Litigation

In September 2009, Neurovision Medical Products, Inc. (NMP) filed suit against NuVasive in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:9-cv-6988-R-JEM) alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition. NMP sought cancellation of NuVasive’s “NeuroVision” trademark registrations, injunctive relief and damages based on NMP’s common law use of the “Neurovision” mark. On November 23, 2009, the Company denied the allegations in NMP’s complaint. The matter was tried in October 2010 and an unfavorable jury verdict was delivered against the Company relating to its use of the NeuroVision trade name. The verdict awarded damages to NMP of $60.0 million. The Company appealed the judgment and on September 10, 2012, the Court of Appeals reversed and vacated the District Court judgment and ordered the case back to the District Court for a new trial before a different judge. On October 5, 2012, the case was reassigned to a new District Court judge and re-trial of the matter is currently scheduled to begin in the District Court in January 2014. During pendency of the appeal, the Company was required to escrow funds totaling $62.5 million to secure the amount of the judgment, plus interest, attorneys’ fees and costs. As a result of the reversal of the judgment, the full $62.5 million was released from escrow and returned to the Company. At September 30, 2013, the probable outcome of this litigation cannot be determined, nor can the Company estimate a range of

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NUVASIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

potential loss. In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual related to this litigation.

Securities Litigation

On August 28, 2013, a purported securities class action lawsuit was filed by Danny Popov in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California naming NuVasive and certain of its current and former executive officers for allegedly making false and materially misleading statements regarding the Company's business and financial results, specifically relating to the purported improper submission of false claims to Medicare and Medicaid. The complaint asserts a putative class period stemming from October 22, 2008 to July 30, 2013. The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and seeks unspecified monetary relief, interest, and attorneys’ fees. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this action. At September 30, 2013, the probable outcome of this litigation cannot be determined, nor can the Company estimate a range of potential loss. In accordance with authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual related to this litigation.

Contingencies

The Company is party to certain claims and legal actions arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not expect any such claims and legal actions to have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition.

13. Regulatory Matter

During the three months ended June 30, 2013, the Company received a federal administrative subpoena from the Office of the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (OIG) in connection with an investigation into possible false or otherwise improper claims submitted to Medicare and Medicaid. The subpoena seeks discovery of documents for the period January 2007 through April 2013. The Company is working with the OIG to understand the scope of the subpoena and its request for documents, but does not expect to have greater clarity regarding the request for several months. The Company intends to fully cooperate with the OIG's request. At September 30 2013, the Company is unable to determine the potential financial impact, if any, that will result from this investigation.


Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements May Prove Inaccurate

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included in this report. This discussion and analysis may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, such as those set forth under heading “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this report, and similar discussions in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. We do not intend to update these forward looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

Overview

We are a medical device company focused on developing minimally disruptive surgical products and procedurally integrated solutions for the spine. Our currently-marketed product portfolio is focused on applications for spine fusion surgery, including biologics, a combined market estimated to approximate $8.2 billion globally in 2013. Our principal product offering includes a minimally disruptive surgical platform called Maximum Access Surgery, or MAS^®. The MAS platform combines three categories of solutions that collectively minimize soft tissue disruption during spine fusion surgery, provide maximum visualization and are designed to enable reproducible outcomes for the surgeon. The platform includes a proprietary software-driven nerve detection and avoidance systems, NVM5 and NVJJB, and Intra-Operative Monitoring (IOM) support; MaXcess^®, a unique and integrated split-blade retractor system; and a wide variety of specialized implants. When the three elements of MAS are used together, they may significantly reduce surgery time and return patients to activities of daily living much faster than conventional approaches. The individual components of our MAS platform, and many of our products, can also be used in open or traditional spine surgery and may independently offer patient benefits to various surgical approaches dealing with a wide variety of pathologies. Our spine surgery product line offerings, which include products for the thoracolumbar and the cervical spine, are primarily used to enable access to the spine and to perform restorative and fusion procedures in a minimally disruptive fashion. Our biologic product line offerings include allograft (donated human tissue), FormaGraft^®, a collagen synthetic product, Osteocel Plus^®, an allograft cellular

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matrix containing viable mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and AttraX^®, a synthetic bone graft material, which is still in the process of U.S. regulatory clearance, all used to aid the spinal fusion process. Our subsidiary, Impulse Monitoring, Inc. (Impulse Monitoring) provides IOM services for insight into the nervous system during spine and other surgeries. We continue to focus significant research and development efforts to expand our MAS product platform and advance the applications of our unique technology into procedurally integrated surgical solutions. We dedicate significant resources toward training spine surgeons on our unique technology and products. We continue to train surgeons who are new to our MAS product platform as well as surgeons previously trained on our MAS product platform who are attending advanced training courses.

Our MAS platform, with the unique advantages provided by our nerve monitoring systems, enables an innovative lateral procedure known as eXtreme Lateral Interbody Fusion, or XLIF^®, in which surgeons access the spine for a fusion procedure from the side of the patient’s body, rather than from the front or back. Our MaXcess instruments provide access to the spine in a manner that affords direct visualization and our nerve monitoring systems assist surgeons in avoiding critical nerves.

At various times in the past, certain insurance providers have adopted policies of not providing reimbursement for the XLIF procedure or some of its components. We have worked with our surgeon customers and the North American Spine Society (NASS) who, in turn, have worked with these insurance providers to supply the information, explanation and clinical data they require to categorize the XLIF procedure as a procedure entitled to reimbursement under their policies. At present, the majority of insurance companies provide reimbursement for XLIF procedures. However, certain carriers, large and small, may have policies significantly limiting coverage of XLIF, Instrumented Lumbar Interlaminar Fusion (ILIF), Osteocel Plus, the PCM^® Cervical Disc System, Cervical interbody implants, or other procedures or products we sell. We cannot offer definitive time frames or final outcomes regarding reversal of the coverage-limiting policies, as the process is dictated by the third-party insurance providers. To date, we have not experienced significant lack of payment for our procedures based on these policies.

In addition, there is a downward pressure on reimbursement for IOM services such as those provided by our subsidiary Impulse Monitoring. Significant coding changes for IOM services took effect in 2013. New Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were introduced that have led to reduced reimbursement by private payers for the professional remote oversight component of the service. Medicare patients will be subject to additional coding changes imposed by CMS which may restrict access to care and limit Impulse Monitoring's ability to cover, bill and collect for cases performed. Private payers may also elect to adopt these coding changes.

In recent years, we have significantly expanded our product offerings relating to procedures in the cervical spine as well as in the area of nerve monitoring. Our cervical product offerings now provide a full set of solutions for cervical fusion surgery, including both allograft tissue and CoRoent^® implants, as well as cervical plating and posterior fixation products. In the fourth quarter of 2012, we received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the PCM Cervical Disc System, a motion preserving total disc replacement device, which further strengthens our cervical product offerings and enables us to continue our trend of increasing our market share. Our nerve monitoring offerings include both the NVM5 and NVJJB products based on our proprietary software-driven nerve monitoring systems and our IOM services business, Impulse Monitoring.

To date, the majority of our revenues are derived from the sale of disposables and implants and we expect this trend to continue for the foreseeable future. We loan our proprietary software-driven nerve monitoring systems and surgical instrument sets at no cost to surgeons and hospitals that purchase disposables and implants for use in individual procedures. In addition, we place our proprietary software-driven nerve monitoring systems, MaXcess^® and other MAS or cervical surgical instrument sets with hospitals for an extended period at no up-front cost to them. Our implants and disposables are currently sold and shipped from our primary distribution and warehousing operations facility located in Memphis, Tennessee. We generally recognize revenue for disposables or implants used upon receiving acknowledgment of a purchase order from the hospital indicating product use or implantation. In addition, we sell an immaterial number of MAS instrument sets, MaXcess devices, and our proprietary software-driven nerve monitoring systems. To date, we have derived less than 5% of our total revenues from these sales.

We expect monitoring service revenue from IOM services to be slightly down in the current year. Monitoring service revenue consists of hospital based revenues and net patient service revenues and is recorded in the period the service is provided. Hospital based revenues are recorded based upon contracted billing rates. Net patient services are billed to various payers, including Medicare, commercial insurance companies, other directly billed managed healthcare plans, employers, and individuals. We report revenues based on the amount expected to be collected.

The majority of our operations are located in the United States and the majority of our sales have been generated in the United States. We sell our products in the United States through a sales force comprised of exclusive independent sales agencies and directly-employed sales shareowners; both selling only NuVasive products. Our sales force provides a delivery and consultative service to our surgeon and hospital customers and is compensated based on sales and product placements in their territories. Sales force commissions are reflected in our statement of operations in the sales, marketing and administrative expense line. We expect to continue to expand our distribution channels. We are continuing our expansion of international sales efforts with the focus on

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European, Asian and Latin American markets. Our international sales force is comprised of directly-employed sales shareowners as well as exclusive distributors and independent sales agents.

During the second quarter of 2013, we received a federal administrative subpoena from the Office of the Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (OIG) in connection with an investigation into possible false or otherwise improper claims submitted to Medicare and Medicaid. The subpoena seeks discovery of documents for the period January 2007 through April 2013. We are working with the OIG to understand the scope of the subpoena and its request for documents, but do not expect to have greater clarity regarding the request for several months. We intend to fully cooperate with the OIG's request and will provide periodic updates as information becomes available. Responding to the subpoena will require management's attention and will result in significant legal expense. Any adverse findings related to this investigation could result in significant financial penalties against the Company.

Results of Operations

Revenue



	September 30,
	2013		2012		$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended:
Spine Surgery Products	$	131,137	$	112,590
Biologics	28,743		26,158
Monitoring Service	9,276		9,643
Total revenue	$	169,156	$	148,391	$	20,765	14	%
Nine months ended:
Spine Surgery Products	$	382,485	$	343,962
Biologics	83,754		81,256
Monitoring Service	28,119		29,283
Total revenue	$	494,358	$	454,501	$	39,857	9	%

Our Spine Surgery Product line offerings, which include products for the thoracolumbar spine, the cervical spine, and a set of motion preservation product offerings, are primarily used to enable access to the spine and to perform restorative and fusion procedures in a minimally disruptive fashion. Our Biologics product line offerings include allograft (donated human tissue), FormaGraft, a collagen synthetic product, Osteocel Plus, an allograft cellular matrix containing viable mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and AttraX, a synthetic bone graft material, all used to aid the spinal fusion process. Our Monitoring Service line offering includes hospital-based revenues and net patient service revenues related to IOM services performed.

The continued adoption of minimally invasive procedures for spine has led to the expansion of our innovative procedures. In addition, increased market acceptance in our international markets contributed to the increase in revenues noted for the periods presented. We expect continued adoption of our innovative minimally invasive procedures and deeper penetration into existing accounts and our newer international markets as our sales force executes on the strategy of selling the full mix of our products. However, recent changes in market dynamics, the public and private insurance markets and ongoing policy and legislative changes in the United States have created less predictability in the lumbar portion of the spine market and have substantially reduced the overall spine market’s procedural growth rate. Accordingly, we believe that our growth in revenue in 2013 will come primarily from market share gains related to the market shift toward less invasive spinal surgery, both domestically and internationally.

Our total revenues increased $20.8 million and $39.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, representing total revenue growth of 14% and 9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012.

Revenue from our Spine Surgery Products increased $18.5 million and $38.5 million, or 16% and 11%, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. This increase resulted from increases in volume of approximately 18% and 13% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, offset by small unfavorable changes in price of approximately 1% in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012. In addition, foreign currency had an unfavorable impact on revenues of approximately 1% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012.

Revenue from Biologics increased $2.6 million and $2.5 million, or 10% and 3%, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. This increase resulted from increases in volume of

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approximately 11% and 4% in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, offset by small unfavorable changes in price of approximately 1% in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012.

Revenue from Monitoring Services decreased $0.4 million and $1.2 million, or 4% in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012. This decrease resulted primarily from unfavorable changes in reimbursement rates offset by increases in case volume in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012.

Cost of Goods Sold, excluding amortization of purchased technology



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended	$	43,291		$	37,746		$	5,545	15	%
% of total revenue	26		%	25		%
Nine months ended	$	131,131		$	111,213		$	19,918	18	%
% of total revenue	27		%	24		%

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of purchased materials, labor and overhead associated with product manufacturing, purchased goods, inventory-related costs and royalty expense, as well as the cost of providing IOM services, which includes personnel and physician oversight costs.

Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue increased in the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. The increase is primarily a result of the medical device excise tax effective January 1, 2013 of approximately 1% of total revenues. As a percentage of revenue, cost of goods sold increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012. The increase was a result of both the medical device excise tax effective January 1, 2013 of approximately 1% and the June 2013 ruling related to the Medtronic litigation that determined the ongoing royalty rates and resulted in the Company recording a charge of approximately $7.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2013 to account for the difference in using the royalty rates stated in the September 2011 verdict and those in the June 2013 ruling on sales through March 31, 2013 (see Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).

We expect cost of goods sold, as a percentage of revenue, to approximate 26% for the remainder of 2013.

Operating Expenses

Sales, Marketing and Administrative



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended	$	102,085		$	87,410		$	14,675	17	%
% of total revenue	60		%	59		%
Nine months ended	$	306,243		$	274,703		$	31,540	11	%
% of total revenue	62		%	60		%

Sales, marketing and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, commission and training costs for shareowners engaged in sales, marketing and customer support functions; distributor commissions; depreciation expense for surgical instrument sets; shipping costs; surgeon training costs; shareowner (employee) related expenses for our administrative functions; and third-party professional service fees.

As a percentage of revenue, sales, marketing and administrative expenses increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily as a result of our continued expansion of our international operations.

Costs that tend to vary based on revenue, which include commissions, depreciation expense for loaned surgical instrument sets, worldwide sales force headcount, distribution and customer support headcount, and shipping, increased $6.8 million and

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$14.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. This increase is primarily a result of our revenue growth during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012, as well as increases in freight expenses and continued investment in our international markets.

We continue to make significant investments in our Japanese operations. This investment, along with depreciation expense associated with certain system software investments, increased $1.9 million and $5.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012.

Legal expenses increased $1.5 million and $5.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. Legal expenses incurred in connection with the Medtronic litigation and the OIG subpoena received in the second quarter of 2013, increased $1.5 million and $4.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. In addition, legal expenses incurred in connection with other matters increased by $1.2 million and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. These increases are offset by the reimbursement of $1.2 million related to legal expenses in connection with the settlement of several lawsuits related to a competitor during the three months ended September 30, 2013.

Stock-based compensation increased $3.1 million and $3.9 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. This increase is primarily attributed to a reversal of approximately $0.9 million in compensation expense previously recorded for performance-based awards in the three months ended September 30, 2012, as well as the increase in the weighted average grant date fair value of 2013 grants compared to 2012 grants.

Compensation and other shareowner related expenses for our marketing and administrative support functions increased $2.1 million and $3.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. This increase is primarily the result of an increase in headcount as well as computer-related expenses.

For the remainder of 2013 and on a long-term basis, we expect total sales, marketing and administrative costs, as a percentage of revenue, to decrease moderately.

Research and Development



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change			% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended	$	7,248		$	7,575		$	(327	)	(4	)%
% of total revenue	4		%	5		%
Nine months ended	$	24,654		$	26,898		$	(2,244	)	(8	)%
% of total revenue	5		%	6		%

Research and development expense consists primarily of product research and development, clinical trial and study costs, regulatory and clinical functions, and compensation and other shareowner related expenses.

In the last several years, we have introduced numerous new products and product enhancements that have significantly expanded our MAS platform, enhanced the applications of the XLIF procedure, expanded our offering of cervical products, and continued to invest to further enable our entry into the growing motion preservation market. We have also acquired complementary and strategic assets and technology, particularly in the area of biologics. We are developing total disc replacement devices for spine applications, which are currently in different phases of development, clinical trials and related studies. We anticipate continuing to incur costs associated with patient follow-up and advancing the products through the regulatory process related to these clinical trials and studies through at least the end of 2013.

Research and development facilities expenses and compensation and other shareowner related expenses, including performance-based and stock-based compensation, decreased $0.4 million and $3.2 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, and relates to compensation-related savings.

Expenses incurred related to the acquisition of research and development intangible assets charged to expense in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance remained materially consistent in the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. In the nine months ended September 30, 2013, these expenses increased $2.1 million compared to the same period in 2012.

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Expenses incurred in connection with clinical trials, various studies, and ongoing development projects, including outside professional services, increased $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. In the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012, these expenses decreased approximately $0.3 million due to reduced costs as a result of the completion of enrollment in a clinical trial and ongoing study related activities.

For the remainder of 2013, as a percentage of revenue, we expect total research and development costs to remain relatively consistent with current levels in support of our ongoing development and 510k product approval efforts.

Amortization of Intangible Assets



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended	$	4,974		$	3,081		$	1,893	61	%
% of total revenue	3		%	2		%
Nine months ended	$	14,263		$	8,830		$	5,433	62	%
% of total revenue	3		%	2		%

Amortization of intangible assets relates to the amortization of finite-lived intangible assets acquired. Amortization expense increased $1.9 million and $5.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to the acquisition of intangible assets acquired subsequent to September 30, 2012, and additional expense resulting from the approval of the PCM Cervical Disc System that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2012.

We expect expenses recorded in connection with the amortization of intangible assets to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as amortization of acquired in-process research and development commences once acquired research and development projects reach technological feasibility.

Interest and Other Expense, Net



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended:
Interest income	$	157		$	249
Interest expense	(6,712		)	(6,885		)
Other income, net	3,137			260
Total interest and other expense, net	$	(3,418	)	$	(6,376	)	$	2,958	(46	)%
% of total revenue	(2		)%	(4		)%
Nine months ended:
Interest income	$	560		$	661
Interest expense	(20,396		)	(20,682		)
Other income, net	2,937			146
Total interest and other expense, net	$	(16,899	)	$	(19,875	)	$	2,976	(15	)%
% of total revenue	(3		)%	(4		)%

Interest and other expense, net, consists principally of interest expense incurred on our Senior Convertible Notes, offset by income earned on marketable securities and other income (expense) items. Interest and other expense, net decreased $3.0 million in both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012. Both decreases are primarily due to the recognition of other income of approximately $2.8 million in connection with the settlement of several lawsuits related to a competitor during the three months ended September 30, 2013.

Interest and other expense, net, as a percentage of revenues, is expected to moderately decrease for the remainder of the year as a result of the maturity of the 2013 Senior Convertible Notes on March 15, 2013.

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Income Tax Expense



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change			% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended	$	860		$	4,064		$	(3,204	)	(79	)%
Effective income tax rate	11		%	66		%
Nine months ended	$	20		$	7,764		$	(7,744	)	(100	)%
Effective income tax rate	2		%	60		%

We recorded income tax expense of $0.9 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and income tax expense of $20 thousand and $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was 2% compared to 60% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 reflects a discrete tax benefit of $0.9 million, or 77% of pre-tax income, related to the 2012 federal research and development (R&D) credit which was retrospectively reinstated in the nine months ended September 30, 2013. No federal R&D credit benefit was recorded in the income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. We update our annual effective income tax rate each quarter and if the estimated effective income tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made.

Stock-Based Compensation



	September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change		% Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
Three months ended:
Stock-Based Compensation
Sales, Marketing & Administrative	$	7,965		$	4,844
Research & Development	448			567
Cost of Goods Sold	41			23
Total Stock-Based Compensation	$	8,454		$	5,434		$	3,020	56	%
% of total revenue	5		%	4		%
Nine months ended:
Stock-Based Compensation
Sales, Marketing & Administrative	$	22,667		$	18,723
Research & Development	1,239			1,624
Cost of Goods Sold	96			53
Total Stock-Based Compensation	$	24,002		$	20,400		$	3,602	18	%
% of total revenue	5		%	4		%

Stock-based compensation related to stock awards is recognized and amortized on an accelerated basis in accordance with authoritative guidance. Stock-based compensation increased $3.0 million and $3.6 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2012. These increases are primarily attributed to a reversal of approximately $0.9 million in compensation expense previously recorded for performance-based awards in the three months ended September 30, 2012, as well as the increase in the weighted average grant date fair value of 2013 grants compared to 2012 grants, slightly offset by the timing of annual grants in the current year as compared to the prior year.

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Liquidity, Cash Flows and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations and proceeds from our convertible debt financing issued in June 2011.

In June 2011, we issued $402.5 million principal amount of the 2.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 (the 2017 Notes). The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and costs directly related to the offering, were approximately $359.2 million. We pay 2.75% interest per annum on the principal amount of the 2017 Notes. The 2017 Notes mature on July 1, 2017 and may be settled in cash, stock, or a combination thereof, solely at our election. Interest on the 2017 Notes began accruing in June 2011 and is payable semi-annually on January 1 and July 1 of each year.

In connection with the Medtronic litigation, a jury from the U.S. District Court, Southern District of California delivered an unfavorable verdict to us and awarded monetary damages of approximately $101.2 million to Medtronic. In May 2012, in accordance with an escrow arrangement, we transferred $113.3 million of cash into a restricted escrow account to secure the amount of the judgment, plus prejudgment interest, during pendency of our appeal of the judgment. These funds are included in restricted cash and investments in our September 30, 2013 consolidated balance sheet. Further, as a result of the June 2013 District Court ruling on the ongoing royalty rates, we will be required to escrow funds to secure accrued royalties, estimated at $21 million to date, and ongoing royalties.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities was $302.8 million and $346.1 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, the decrease primarily relates to the payment of the 2013 Senior Convertible Notes on March 15, 2013 offset by cash generated from operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales, marketing and administrative activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, the continuing market acceptance of our products, the expenditures associated with possible future acquisitions or other business combination transactions, and the outcome of current and future litigation. At September 30, 2013, we have cash and investments totaling $119.2 million in restricted accounts which are not available to us to meet any ongoing capital requirements if and when needed. This could negatively impact our liquidity and our ability to invest in and run our business on an ongoing basis.

We expect that cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results and working capital requirements. We have historically invested our cash primarily in U.S. treasuries and government agencies, corporate debt, and money market funds. Certain of these investments are subject to general credit, liquidity and other market risks. The general condition of the financial markets and the economy has exacerbated those risks and may affect the value of our current investments and restrict our ability to access the capital markets or even our own funds.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected items in our consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			$ Change
Cash provided by operating activities	$	70,133		$	99,486		$	(29,353	)
Cash used in investing activities	(26,619		)	(158,599		)	131,980
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(65,644		)	3,315			(68,959		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(553		)	37			(590		)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(22,683	)	$	(55,761	)	$	33,078

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $70.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $99.5 million for the same period in 2012. The $29.4 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended

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September 30, 2013 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is due to a small increase in days sales outstanding which affects our accounts receivable balance, an increase in amounts paid for other current assets, including a refund of $11.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2012 relating to an overpayment at December 31, 2011, offset by an increase in net income adjusted for non cash items.

Cash flows from investing activities

Cash used in investing activities was $26.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to $158.6 million for the same period in 2012. The $132.0 million decrease in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is primarily due to a net decrease in purchases of marketable securities, including restricted investments, offset by a slight increase in purchases of property and equipment.

Cash flows from financing activities

Cash used in financing activities was $65.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $3.3 million for the same period in 2012. The $69.0 million increase in cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 is primarily due the repayment of the 2013 Senior Convertible Notes.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates including those related to bad debts, inventories, valuation of goodwill, intangibles, other long-term assets, stock-based compensation, income taxes, and legal proceedings. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 and there have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 except as follows:

Recently adopted accounting standards

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted the FASB's requirements for improved transparency of reporting reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). The guidance requires companies to report, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI and to present reclassifications by component when reporting changes in AOCI balances. The adoption of this authoritative guidance did not have an impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not engaged in any off-balance sheet activities.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There has been no material change in the Company's assessment of its sensitivity to market risk since its presentation set forth in Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time lines specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide

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reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in SEC Rules 13a — 15(e) and 15d — 15(e)) as of September 30, 2013. Based on such evaluation, our management has concluded as of September 30, 2013, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	Legal Proceedings

There have been no changes to the Legal Proceedings discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, except as follows:

Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc. Litigation

As reported by us previously, Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc., Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc. and other Medtronic related entities (collectively, Medtronic), on August 18, 2008, filed a patent infringement lawsuit against NuVasive in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, alleging that certain of NuVasive’s products or methods, including the XLIF^® procedure, infringe, or contribute to the infringement of, twelve U.S. patents. Three of the patents were later withdrawn by Medtronic leaving the following nine patents in the lawsuit: Nos. 5,860,973; 5,772,661; 6,936,051; 6,936,050; 6,916,320; 6,945,933; 6,969,390; 6,428,542; 6,592,586 assigned or licensed to Medtronic (Medtronic Patents). Medtronic is seeking monetary damages and a court injunction against future infringement by NuVasive. NuVasive answered the complaint, denying the allegations.

Additionally, NuVasive made counterclaims against Medtronic seeking the following relief: (i) Medtronic being permanently enjoined from charging that NuVasive has infringed or is infringing the Medtronic Patents; (ii) a declaration that the Medtronic Patents are invalid; (iii) a declaration that the 5,860,973 and 5,772,661 patents are unenforceable due to inequitable conduct; and (iv) costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees.

NuVasive filed an amended counterclaim on September 4, 2009, alleging that NuVasive’s U.S. Patent Nos. 7,207,949; 7,582,058; and 7,470,236 are infringed by Medtronic’s NIM-Eclipse System and accessories and Quadrant products, and DLIF (Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion) surgical technique. Medtronic, on June 23, 2009, filed a request for inter partes reexamination with the U.S. Patent Office on NuVasive’s U.S. Patent No. 7,207,949. On October 14, 2009, Medtronic filed a request for inter partes reexamination on NuVasive’s U.S. Patent No. 7,582,058. The U.S. Patent Office granted both requests and issued rejections of the claims. Both reexaminations are pending.

Given the number of patents asserted in the litigation, the parties agreed to proceed on a limited number of patents. The District Court determined to proceed only with patents that are not the subject of active reexamination proceedings. As a result, the first phase of the case included three Medtronic patents and one NuVasive patent. Trial on the first phase of the case began in August 2011 and on September 20, 2011, a jury from the District Court, delivered an unfavorable verdict against NuVasive with respect to three Medtronic patents and a favorable verdict with respect to the one NuVasive patent. The jury awarded monetary damages of approximately $101.2 million to Medtronic, which includes lost profits and back royalties (the 2011 verdict). Medtronic's subsequent motion for a permanent injunction was denied by the District Court on January 26, 2012. The District Court entered judgment on March 2, 2012, and both parties appealed the verdict. Medtronic subsequently filed a motion to dismiss its own appeal and NuVasive's cross-appeal with the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals. On August 2, 2012, the Federal Circuit issued a ruling stating that ongoing royalty rates must be determined by the District Court prior to the appeal going forward. On June 11, 2013, the District Court ruled on the ongoing royalty rates (the June 2013 ruling). On August 20, 2013, NuVasive and Medtronic filed their respective notices of appeal, and the appeal is now proceeding before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In addition, on March 19, 2012, the District Court issued an order granting prejudgment interest. The Company entered into an escrow arrangement in 2012 and transferred $113.3 million of cash into a restricted escrow account to secure the amount of judgment, plus prejudgment interest, during pendency of the appeal. These funds are included in restricted cash and investments on the Company's September 30, 2013 consolidated balance sheet.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, during the third quarter of 2011, the Company recorded an accrual of $101.2 million for the 2011 verdict. In addition, on sales subsequent to the 2011 verdict and

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through March 31, 2013, the Company accrued royalties at the royalty rates stated in the 2011 verdict. Upon receiving the District Court ruling in June 2013, the Company began accruing ongoing royalties on sales at the royalty rates stated in the June 2013 ruling, and recorded a charge of approximately $7.9 million to account for the difference between using the royalty rates stated in the 2011 verdict and those in the June 2013 ruling on sales through March 31, 2013. As a result of the June 2013 ruling, we will be required to escrow funds to secure accrued royalties, estimated at $21 million to date, and ongoing royalties. NuVasive is also accruing post-judgment interest. With respect to the prejudgment interest award, the Company, based on its own assessment as well as that of outside counsel, believes a reversal of the prejudgment interest award on appeal is probable, and therefore, in accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual for this amount, which is estimated to approximate $13 million. Additional damages, including interest, may still be awarded, and at September 30, 2013, the Company cannot estimate a range of additional potential loss.

The second phase of the case pending in the Southern District of California involved one Medtronic cervical plate patent. On April 25, 2013, NuVasive and Medtronic entered into a settlement agreement fully resolving the second phase of the case. The settlement also removes from the case the cervical plate patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,592,586) that was part of the first phase. As part of the settlement, NuVasive received a broad license to practice (i) the Medtronic patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,916,320) that was the sole subject of the second phase of the litigation, (ii) the Medtronic patent (U.S. Patent No. 6,592,586) that was part of the first phase of the litigation, and (iii) each of the Medtronic patent families that collectively represent the vast majority of Medtronic's patent rights related to cervical plate technology. In exchange for these license rights, NuVasive will make a one-time payment to Medtronic of $7.5 million, which amount will be fully offset against any damage award ultimately determined to be owed by NuVasive in connection with a final resolution of the first phase of the litigation. In addition, Medtronic will receive a royalty on certain cervical plate products sold by NuVasive, including the Helix^® and Gradient^® lines of products. As a result of this settlement, all current patent disputes between the parties related to cervical plate technology have been resolved.

On August 17, 2012, Medtronic filed additional patent claims in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Indiana alleging that various NuVasive spinal implants (including its CoRoent^® XL family of spinal implants) infringe U.S. Patent No. 8,021,430 (the '430 patent), and that NuVasive's Osteocel^® Plus bone graft product infringes U.S. Patent No. 5,676,146 C2. On August 28, 2012, Medtronic amended its complaint in the Northern District of Indiana alleging that NuVasive's XLIF^® procedure and use of MaXcess IV retractor during the XLIF procedure infringe methodology claims of U.S. Patent No. 8,251,997 (the '997 patent). NuVasive denies infringing any valid claims of these additional patents and on September 4, 2012, the Company filed a motion to transfer the case to the Southern District of California. The Indiana District Court granted the Company's motion and transferred the case to the Southern District of California. On March 7, 2013, NuVasive amended its counterclaims to allege infringement by Medtronic of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,000,782 (systems and related methods for performing surgical procedures), 8,005,535 (systems and related methods for performing surgical procedures), 8,016,767 (a surgical access system including a tissue distraction assembly and a tissue retraction assembly), 8,192,356 (a system for accessing a surgical target site and related methods, involving an initial distraction system, among other things), 8,187,334 (spinal fusion implant), 8,361,156 (spinal fusion implant), D652,922 (dilator design), and D666,294 (dilator design). On March 22, 2013, NuVasive moved to stay the litigation relating to the '430 and '997 patents pending the U.S. Patent Office proceedings with respect to these patents. On May 30, 2013, the Court granted the Company's motion with respect to the '430 patent, and denied without prejudice to renew the motion with respect to the '997 patent. On June 27, 2013, NuVasive filed an inter partes review petition with the U.S. Patent Office challenging U.S. Patent No. 8,444,696 (the '696 Patent) which issued to Medtronic on May 21, 2013. On July 25,2013, the Court granted Medtronic leave to amend the complaint to add a charge of infringement of the '696 Patent. On September 23, 2013, the U.S. Patent Office granted inter partes review of the '997 patent. Based on the U.S. Patent Office's grant of inter partes review, the Company intends to renew its motion to stay the '997 patent. A claim construction hearing is scheduled for November 7, 2013 and a pre-trial conference for June 20, 2014. No trial date is set. At September 30, 2013, the probable outcome of this litigation cannot be determined, nor can the Company estimate a range of potential loss. In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual related to this litigation.

Trademark Infringement Litigation

In September 2009, Neurovision Medical Products, Inc. (NMP) filed suit against NuVasive in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (Case No. 2:09-cv-06988-R-JEM) alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition. NMP sought cancellation of NuVasive's “NeuroVision” trademark registrations, injunctive relief and damages based on NMP's common law use of the “Neurovision” mark. On November 23, 2009, the Company denied the allegations in NMP's complaint. The matter was tried in October 2010 and an unfavorable jury verdict was delivered against the Company relating to its use of the “NeuroVision” trade name. The verdict awarded damages to NMP of $60.0 million, which was upheld in a January 2011 judgment ordered by the District Court. NuVasive appealed the judgment and on September 10, 2012, the Court of Appeals reversed and vacated the District Court judgment and ordered the case back to the District Court for a new trial before a different judge. On October 5, 2012, the case was reassigned to a new District Court judge and re-trial of the matter is currently scheduled to begin in the District Court in January 2014. During pendency of the appeal, NuVasive was required to escrow funds totaling $62.5 million to secure

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the amount of judgment, plus interest, attorney's fees and costs. As a result of the reversal of the judgment, the full $62.5 million was released from escrow and returned to the Company. At September 30, 2013, the probable outcome of this litigation cannot be determined, nor can the Company estimate a range of potential loss. In accordance with the authoritative guidance on the evaluation of loss contingencies, the Company has not recorded an accrual related to this litigation.

Securities Litigation

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2012 (the Risk Factors) together with all other information contained or incorporated by reference in this report before you decide to invest in our common stock. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the Risk Factors. If any of the risks described in this report or in our Annual Report on Form 10-K actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Under these circumstances, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Litigation

We are currently involved in patent litigation involving Medtronic, and, if we do not prevail in the litigation and/or on our appeal of the Medtronic verdict in phase one of the litigation, we could be liable for substantial damages and might be prevented from making, using, selling, offering to sell, importing or exporting certain of our products.

On August 18, 2008, Medtronic filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, alleging that certain of our products infringe, or contribute to the infringement of, U.S. patents owned by Medtronic. Trial in the first phase of the case began in August 2011, and in September 2011, a jury delivered an unfavorable verdict against us with respect to three Medtronic patents and a favorable verdict with respect to one of our patents. The jury awarded monetary damages of approximately $0.7 million to us which includes back royalty payments. Additionally, the jury awarded monetary damages of approximately $101.2 million to Medtronic which includes lost profits and back royalties. Before our appeal of the unfavorable verdict to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals could move forward, the District Court was required to determine the ongoing royalty rates applicable to the products during the period of time following the verdict. On June 11, 2013, the District Court determined that the amount of ongoing royalties owed by us to Medtronic was 13.75% on certain of NuVasive's CoRoent XL implants and 8.25% on certain of NuVasive's MaXcess III retractors and related products. As of September 30, 2013 and during pendency of our appeal , we have secured the amount of judgment and as a result of the June 2013 ruling, we will be required to escrow funds to secure accrued royalties, estimated at $21 million to date, and ongoing royalties, plus prejudgment interest, which represents a material reduction in our cash resources available for investment.

In August 2012, Medtronic filed additional patent claims against us alleging that various NuVasive spinal implants (including our CoRoent® XL family of spinal implants) and NuVasive's Osteocel® Plus bone graft product, along with the XLIF procedure, infringe Medtronic patents not asserted in prior phases of the case. We deny infringing any valid claims of these additional patents and on March 7, 2013, we filed counterclaims against Medtronic asserting that Medtronic's MAST Quadrant retractor system, the NIM-Eclipse Spinal System, the Clydesdale Spinal System, the Capstone-L products, and the Direct Lateral Interbody Fusion (“DLIF”) procedure infringe eight NuVasive patents. A claim construction hearing is scheduled for the fourth quarter 2013 and a pre-trial conference is currently scheduled for June 20, 2014. No trial date is set.

If we do not prevail in the Medtronic litigation we could be required to stop selling certain of our products, pay substantial monetary amounts as damages, and/or enter into expensive royalty or licensing arrangements. Such adverse results may limit our ability to generate profits and cash flow, and, as a consequence, to invest in and grow our business, including investments into new and innovative technologies.

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We are currently involved in a trademark litigation action involving the NeuroVision brand name and, if we do not prevail, we could be liable for substantial damages.

In September 2009, Neurovision Medical Products, Inc. (NMP) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition. NMP sought cancellation of our “NeuroVision” trademark registrations, injunctive relief and damages based on NMP's common law use of the “Neurovision” mark. Trial of the matter took place in October 2010, and an unfavorable jury verdict was delivered against us relating to our use of the NeuroVision trade name in the amount of $60.0 million plus attorney fees and costs, as well as an injunction. We promptly appealed the verdict to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. During the pendency of the appeal, we were required to escrow the amount of the judgment, plus interest. In September 2012, the Circuit Court reversed and vacated the District Court's judgment against us, and also reversed and vacated the injunction and the award of attorney fees and costs. The Circuit Court remanded the case for a new trial and instructed the District Court to assign the case to a different judge. In December 2012, the full $62.5 million was released from escrow and returned to us. A retrial on the matter is currently scheduled to begin in the District Court in January 2014.

This litigation process has been expensive, complex and lengthy and its outcome is difficult to predict. We may also be subject to additional negative publicity due to this trademark litigation. This litigation may significantly divert the attention of our technical and management personnel. In the event that we are unsuccessful in our defense, we could be required to pay significant damages which are not covered under any of our insurance plans. In the event this outcome occurs, our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related to our Legal and Regulatory Environment

We are subject to rigorous governmental regulations regarding the development, manufacture, and sale of our products and we may incur significant expenses to comply with these regulations and develop products that are compatible with these regulations. In addition, failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to substantial sanctions which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The medical devices we manufacture and market are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and numerous other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities, including regulations that cover the composition, labeling, testing, clinical study, manufacturing, packaging, marketing and distribution of our products.

We are required to register with the FDA as a device manufacturer and tissue bank. As a result, we are subject to periodic inspection by the FDA for compliance with the FDA's Quality System Regulation (QSR) and Good Tissue Practices requirements, which require manufacturers of medical devices and tissue banks to adhere to certain regulations, including testing, quality control and documentation procedures. Our compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is rigorously monitored through periodic inspections by the FDA. In the European Community, we are required to maintain certain ISO certifications in order to sell our products, and are subject to periodic inspections by notified bodies to obtain and maintain these certifications. If we or our suppliers fail to adhere to QSR, ISO or other applicable regulations and standards, this could delay product production and lead to fines, difficulties in obtaining regulatory clearances and approvals, recalls or other consequences, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or prospects.

Most medical devices must receive FDA clearance or approval before they can be commercially marketed. In addition, the FDA may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the effects of approved products that have been commercialized, and can prevent or limit further marketing of a product based upon the results of post-marketing programs. In addition, the federal Medical Device Reporting regulations require us to provide information to the FDA whenever there is evidence that reasonably suggests that a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or, if a malfunction were to occur, could cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Furthermore, most major markets for medical devices outside the United States require clearance, approval or compliance with certain standards before a product can be commercially marketed. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals to market a medical device, particularly from the FDA and certain foreign governmental authorities, can be costly and time-consuming, and approvals may not be granted for future products or product improvements on a timely basis, if at all. Delays in receipt of, or failure to obtain, approvals for future products or product improvements could result in delayed realization of product revenues or in substantial additional costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations or prospects. At any time after approval of a product, the FDA may conduct periodic inspections to determine compliance with both QSR requirements and/or current Medical Device Reporting regulations. Product clearances or approvals by the FDA can be withdrawn due to failure to comply with regulatory standards or the occurrence of unforeseen problems following initial clearance or approval.

Pursuant to FDA regulations, we can only market our products for cleared or approved uses. Although physicians are permitted to use medical devices for indications other than those cleared or approved by the FDA based on their medical judgment, we are prohibited from promoting products for such off-label uses. We market our products and provide promotional materials and training

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programs to physicians regarding the use of our products. Although we believe our marketing, promotional materials and training programs for physicians do not constitute promotion of unapproved uses of our products, if it is determined that our marketing, promotional materials or training programs constitute promotion of unapproved uses, we could be subject to significant fines in addition to regulatory enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure and criminal penalty.

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the SEC has promulgated rules regarding disclosure of the presence in a company's products of certain metals, known as “conflict minerals,” which are metals mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries, as well as procedures regarding a manufacturer's efforts to identify the sourcing of those minerals from this region. Complying with these rules will require investigative efforts, which will cause us to incur associated costs, and could adversely affect the sourcing, supply, and pricing of materials used in our products, or result in process or manufacturing modifications, all of which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Whenever the United States or another foreign governmental authority concludes that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, such governmental authority can impose fines, delay or suspend regulatory clearances, institute proceedings to detain or seize our products, issue a recall, impose operating restrictions, enjoin future violations and assess civil penalties against us or our officers or employees, and can recommend criminal prosecution to the Department of Justice (DOJ). Moreover, governmental authorities can ban or request the recall, repair, replacement or refund of the cost of any device or product we manufacture or distribute. Any of the foregoing actions could result in decreased sales as a result of negative publicity and product liability claims, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition to the sanctions for noncompliance described above, commencement of an enforcement proceeding, inspection or investigation could divert substantial management attention from the operation of our business and have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

During the three months ended June 30, 2013, we received a federal administrative subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (OIG) in connection with an investigation into possible false or otherwise improper claims submitted to Medicare and Medicaid. The subpoena seeks discovery of documents for the period January 2007 through April 2013. We cannot control the pace or scope of any investigation, and responding to the subpoena requests and any investigation will require the allocation of resources, including management time and attention. If we were to become the subject of an enforcement action, including any action resulting from the investigation by the OIG, it could result in negative publicity, penalties, fines, the exclusion of our products from reimbursement under federally-funded programs and/or prohibitions on our ability to sell our products, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.


Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.


Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.


Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.


Item 5.	Other Information

None.

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Item 6.	Exhibits



EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 13, 2004)

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 1, 2012)

3.3		Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 6, 2012)

31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. section 1350

31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. section 1350

32*		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101**		XBRL Instance Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document



*	These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this annual report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NuVasive, Inc., whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

**	Pursuant to applicable securities laws and regulations, we are deemed to have complied with the reporting obligation relating to the submission of interactive data files in such exhibits and are not subject to liability under any anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws as long as we have made a good faith attempt to comply with the submission requirements and promptly amend the interactive data files after becoming aware that the interactive data files fail to comply with the submission requirements. Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed and otherwise are not subject to liability.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		NUVASIVE, INC.

Date:	October 29, 2013	By: /s/ Alexis V. Lukianov
		Alexis V. Lukianov Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	October 29, 2013	By: /s/ Michael J. Lambert
		Michael J. Lambert Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number		Description
3.1		Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on August 13, 2004)

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on May 1, 2012)

3.3		Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 6, 2012)

31.1*		Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. section 1350

31.2*		Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. section 1350

32*		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101**		XBRL Instance Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

101**		XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document



*	These certifications are being furnished solely to accompany this annual report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NuVasive, Inc., whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

**	Pursuant to applicable securities laws and regulations, we are deemed to have complied with the reporting obligation relating to the submission of interactive data files in such exhibits and are not subject to liability under any anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws as long as we have made a good faith attempt to comply with the submission requirements and promptly amend the interactive data files after becoming aware that the interactive data files fail to comply with the submission requirements. Users of this data are advised that, pursuant to Rule 406T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed and otherwise are not subject to liability.