OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL INC - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from to | |||||
Commission File Number: 1-10945
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OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 95-2628227 | |||||||
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
11911 FM 529 | ||||||||
Houston, | Texas | 77041 | ||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
(713) 329-4500
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed from last report)
____________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of exchange on which registered | ||||||
Common stock, par value $0.25 per share | OII | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
____________________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☑ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☑ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | ||||||||
| Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | ||||||||
| Emerging Growth Company | ☐ | ||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the company has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report). ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☑ No
Aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant computed by reference to the closing price of $15.57 of the Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter: $1.5 billion.
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding at February 18, 2022: 99,648,844.
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Portions of the proxy statement relating to the registrant's 2022 annual meeting of shareholders, to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2021 pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are incorporated by reference to the extent set forth in Part III, Items 10-14 of this report.
Oceaneering International, Inc.
Form 10-K
Table of Contents
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PART I
Item 1.Business.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS
Oceaneering International, Inc. (“Oceaneering,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a global technology company delivering engineered services and products and robotic solutions to the offshore energy, defense, aerospace, manufacturing and entertainment industries. Oceaneering was organized as a Delaware corporation in 1969 out of the combination of three diving service companies founded in the early 1960s. Since our establishment, we have concentrated on the development and marketing of underwater services and products to meet customer needs requiring the use of advanced technology. The continued evolution of applying our advanced technologies has expanded our presence into numerous adjacent markets focused on autonomous robotics. We believe we are one of the world's largest underwater services contractors. The services and products we provide to the energy industry include remotely operated vehicles, specialty subsea hardware, engineering and project management, subsea intervention services, including manned diving, survey and positioning services, seabed preparation and asset integrity and nondestructive testing services. Our foreign operations, principally in the Africa, Norway, United Kingdom, Brazil, Asia and Australia accounted for approximately 57% of our revenue, or $1.1 billion, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Our business segments are contained within two businesses—services and products provided primarily to the oil and gas industry, and to a lesser extent, the offshore renewables and mobility solutions industries (“Energy Services and Products”), and services and products provided to non-energy industries (“Aerospace and Defense Technologies”). Our four business segments within the Energy Services and Products business are Subsea Robotics, Manufactured Products, Offshore Projects Group and Integrity Management & Digital Solutions. We report our Aerospace and Defense Technologies business as one segment. Unallocated Expenses are expenses not associated with a specific business segment. These consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock and bonuses, as well as other general expenses, including corporate administrative expenses.
Energy Services and Products. The primary focus of our Energy Services and Products business over the last several years has been toward instituting operational efficiency programs that leverage our asset base and capabilities for providing services and products predominantly for offshore energy operations and subsea completions, inclusive of our customers' capital and operating budgets. Increasingly, our efforts in our Energy Services business have focused on assisting our customers to reduce their carbon emissions in exploring for, developing and producing oil and natural gas and in addressing the ongoing energy transition. We are also focusing on opportunities to develop and deploy our capabilities to grow business in offshore wind installations (both fixed and floating) and tidal energy solutions and to utilize our core competencies to provide engineered solutions to the wind, hydrogen and carbon-capture-and-sequestration (“CCS”) markets, as well as expanding our asset integrity management and digital solutions for those markets.
Subsea Robotics. Our Subsea Robotics segment consists of our remotely operated vehicles (“ROVs”), survey services and ROV tooling businesses. We provide ROVs, which are tethered submersible vehicles remotely operated from the surface, to customers in the offshore energy industry for drill support and vessel-based services, including subsea hardware installation, construction, pipeline inspection, survey and facilities inspection, maintenance and repair (“IMR”). We design, build, retrofit and upgrade our new and existing ROVs at in-house facilities, the largest of which is in Morgan City, Louisiana. In 2021, we retired ten of our conventional workclass ROV systems and replaced them with seven upgraded conventional workclass ROV systems and three IsurusTM workclass ROV systems (which are capable of operating in high-current conditions and are ideal for renewables projects and high-speed surveys), which are currently engaged in renewables work. Our work-class ROV fleet size was 250 as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
In 2019, we began deploying our battery-operated Liberty electric ROV (“E-ROV”) system, which we developed in response to a customer’s desire to reduce carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gas“ (“GHG”) emissions associated with its offshore production operations. This system does not require a dedicated vessel to be on standby during ROV operations and reduces the need for ROV and other vessel-based personnel to be transported to and from marine vessels and offshore platforms. We intend to continue to expand our remote service offerings in
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this segment given the potentially significant savings in CO₂ emissions available from the Liberty and the IsurusTM systems and other E-ROV systems we are developing.
Manufactured Products. Our Manufactured Products segment provides distribution systems, such as production control umbilicals and connection systems made up of specialty subsea hardware, and provides turnkey solutions that include program management, engineering design, fabrication/assembly and installation to the commercial theme park industry and mobile robotics solutions, including autonomous mobile robots and automated guided vehicles (“AGV”) technology, to a variety of industries.
We provide various types of subsea umbilicals through our Umbilical Solutions division from plants in the United States, Scotland and Brazil. Offshore operators use umbilicals to control subsea wellhead hydrocarbon flow rates, monitor downhole and wellhead conditions and perform chemical injection. Subsea umbilicals are also used to provide power and fluids to other subsea processing hardware, including pumps and gas separation equipment.
Offshore Projects Group. Our Offshore Projects Group (“OPG”) segment provides a broad portfolio of integrated subsea project capabilities and solutions as follows:
•subsea installation and mechanical and hydraulic intervention, including riserless light well intervention (“RLWI”) services and IMR services, utilizing owned and chartered vessels;
•installation and workover control systems (“IWOCS”) and ROV workover control systems (“RWOCS”);
•project management and engineering; and
•drill pipe riser services and systems and wellhead load relief solutions.
Our OPG segment provides services principally in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola, utilizing a fleet consisting of three owned and three chartered dynamically positioned deepwater vessels with integrated high-specification work-class ROVs onboard, and two owned shallow-water diving support and survey vessel, other spot-chartered vessels and other assets. Our owned vessels are Jones Act-compliant. The dynamically positioned vessels are equipped with thrusters that allow them to maintain a constant position at a location without the use of anchors. They are used in the IMR of subsea facilities, pipeline or flowline tie-ins, pipeline crossings and installations. These vessels can also carry and install equipment or umbilicals required to bring subsea well completions into production (tie-back to production facilities). We have a mix of short-term charters where we can see firm workload and spot charters as market opportunities arise.
In the second quarter of 2019, we placed our new-build, Jones Act-compliant, multiservice vessel (“MSV”), the Ocean Evolution, into service. The Ocean Evolution is U.S.-flagged and documented with a coastwise endorsement by the U.S. Coast Guard. The vessel has an overall length of 353 feet, a Class 2 dynamic positioning system, accommodations for 110 personnel, a helideck, a 250-ton active heave-compensated crane, a working moonpool, and two of our high specification 4,000 meter work-class ROVs. The vessel has five low-emission U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) Tier 4 diesel engines. The Tier 4 rating is the EPA’s strictest emission requirements for non-road diesel engines. The vessel is also equipped with a satellite communications system capable of transmitting streaming video for real-time work observation by shore-based personnel. The vessel is being used to provide subsea installation and intervention services in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. These services are required to perform IMR projects and hardware installations.
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions. Through our Integrity Management & Digital Solutions (“IMDS”) segment, we provide asset integrity management, corrosion management, inspection and non-destructive testing services, principally to customers in the oil and gas, power generation, and petrochemical industries. We perform these services on both onshore and offshore facilities, both topside and subsea. We also provide software, digital and connectivity solution for the energy industry and software and analytical solutions for the bulk cargo maritime industry.
Aerospace and Defense Technologies. Our Aerospace and Defense Technologies (“ADTech”) segment provides government services and products including engineering and related manufacturing in defense and space exploration activities, principally to U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors. Many of the services and products utilized in ADTech are applied technologies based on our core competencies and knowledge derived from decades of working in the offshore markets and solving complex problems in harsh environments.
General. We intend to continue our strategy of acquiring, as opportunities arise, additional assets or businesses, to improve our market position or expand into related service and product lines. Our ability to generate substantial cash flow over the last several years has allowed us to repurchase $100 million of our 4.650% Senior Notes due
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2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”) and shift our focus from the pending maturity to growth where we will continue to develop and deliver technologies to help our customers produce hydrocarbons in a cleaner, safer manner while increasing our investments into new markets including energy transition, digital asset management, aerospace and defense solutions, and mobility solutions.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Energy Services and Products
Our Energy Services and Products business consists of the Subsea Robotics, Manufactured Products, Offshore Projects Group and Integrity Management & Digital Solutions segments.
Subsea Robotics. ROVs are tethered submersible vehicles remotely operated from the surface. We use our ROVs in the offshore energy industry to perform a variety of underwater tasks, including drill support, vessel-based IMR, installation and construction support, pipeline inspection and surveys, and subsea production facility operation and maintenance. Work-class ROVs are outfitted with manipulators, sonar and video cameras, and can operate specialized tooling packages and other equipment or features to facilitate the performance of specific underwater tasks. As of December 31, 2021, we owned 250 work-class ROVs. We believe we own and operate the largest fleet of work-class ROVs in the world. We also believe we are the industry leader in providing ROV services for offshore drill support, with an estimated 55% market share of the contracted floating drilling rigs at the end of 2021.
Subsea Robotics revenue: | Amount | Percent of Total Revenue | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| 2021 | 538,515 | 29 | % | ||||||||
| 2020 | 493,332 | 27 | % | ||||||||
| 2019 | 583,652 | 28 | % | ||||||||
ROV tooling provides an additional operational interface between an ROV and equipment located subsea. We also provide survey services, including hydrographic survey and positioning services and autonomous underwater vehicles for geoscience.
Manufactured Products. We provide advanced technology product development, manufacturing and project management for a variety of industries. These include:
•various types of subsea umbilicals utilizing steel tubes, thermoplastic hoses, and power and communication cables, along with termination assemblies;
•production control equipment;
•clamp connectors;
•pipeline connector and repair systems;
•subsea and topside control valves;
•subsea chemical injection valves;
•mobile robotics solutions, including autonomous mobile robots and AGV technology; and
•entertainment systems for theme parks.
Our primary focus over the last several years has been toward instituting operational efficiency programs to leverage our asset base and capabilities for providing services and products for offshore energy operations and subsea completions, as well as the offshore renewables energy market. Offshore well operators use subsea umbilicals and production control equipment to control subsea wellhead hydrocarbon flow, monitor downhole and wellhead conditions and perform chemical injection. They are also used to provide power and fluids to other subsea processing hardware, including pumps and gas/oil separation equipment. We also provide turnkey solutions that include program management, engineering design, fabrication/assembly and installation to the commercial theme park industry and mobile robotics solutions, including autonomous mobile robots and AGV technology, to a variety of industries. For both domestic and international markets, we provide engineering services and we manufacture patented motion-based “dark ride” vehicle systems and innovative customized robotic and mechanical solutions to the commercial theme park industry. We also develop, implement and maintain innovative, turnkey logistic solutions
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based on utilizing autonomous mobile robots and AGV technology primarily for automotive manufacturers, hospitals and retail warehousing markets.
Manufactured Products revenue: | Amount | Percent of Total Revenue | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 344,251 | 18 | % | |||||||
| 2020 | 477,419 | 26 | % | ||||||||
| 2019 | 498,350 | 24 | % | ||||||||
Offshore Projects Group. We provide subsea hardware installation, intervention and IMR services for the offshore oil and gas markets. We perform subsea IMR, intervention and hardware installation services, primarily in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola from multiservice vessels that typically have Oceaneering ROVs onboard. Our services include: subsea well tie-backs; pipeline/flowline tie-ins and repairs; pipeline crossings; umbilical and other subsea equipment installations; subsea interventions; and IMR activities. We also provide drill pipe riser services and systems and wellhead load relief solutions.
We provide RLWI services to support subsea well intervention projects and subsea work packages that facilitate hydrate remediation and well stimulation solutions. We also provide IWOCS and RWOCS that support completions, tree installation, workovers, intervention, and plug and abandonment operations.
We provide services for shallow-water projects (depths less than 1,000 feet) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola with manned diving operations utilizing the traditional diving techniques of air, mixed gas and saturation diving, all of which use surface-supplied breathing gas. We supply diving services from our owned diving support vessels, offshore facilities and chartered vessels.
| OPG revenue: | Amount | Percent of Total Revenue | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 378,121 | 20 | % | |||||||
| 2020 | 289,127 | 16 | % | ||||||||
| 2019 | 380,966 | 19 | % | ||||||||
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions. Through our IMDS segment, we offer a wide range of asset integrity services to customers worldwide to help ensure the safety of their facilities onshore and offshore, while reducing their unplanned maintenance and repair costs. We also provide third-party inspections to satisfy contractual structural specifications, internal safety standards or regulatory requirements. We provide these services principally to customers in the oil and gas, petrochemical and power generation industries. In the United Kingdom (“ U.K.”), we provide Independent Inspection Authority services for the oil and gas industry, which include first-pass integrity evaluation and assessment and nondestructive testing services. We use a variety of technologies to perform pipeline inspections, both onshore and offshore. In our digital services, we focus on maritime and energy software offerings and forming key partnerships to expand our capabilities and market reach.
IMDS revenue: | Amount | Percent of Total Revenue | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 241,393 | 13 | % | |||||||
| 2020 | 226,938 | 12 | % | ||||||||
| 2019 | 266,086 | 13 | % | ||||||||
Aerospace and Defense Technologies. Our ADTech segment provides engineering services and manufacturing to the U.S. Department of Defense, NASA and major government contractors. We work with our customers to understand their specialized requirements, identify and mitigate risks, and provide them value-added, maintainable, safe and certified solutions. The segment's largest customer is the U.S. Navy, for whom we perform engineering services, prototype design building services and repair and maintenance services on submarines and surface ships. We support space exploration and technology development by providing our products and services to NASA and
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aerospace contractors. Our U.S. Navy and NASA-related activities substantially depend on continued government funding.
ADTech revenue: | Amount | Percent of Total Revenue | |||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| 2021 | $ | 366,995 | 20 | % | |||||||
| 2020 | 341,073 | 19 | % | ||||||||
| 2019 | 319,070 | 16 | % | ||||||||
MARKETING
Energy Services and Products. Oil and gas exploration and development expenditures fluctuate from year to year. In particular, budgetary approval for drilling and production in deepwater, an area in which we have a high degree of focus, may be postponed or suspended during periods when exploration and production companies reduce their offshore capital spending. In recent years, we have focused on increasing our service and product offerings toward our oil and gas customers' operating expenses and the offshore renewables energy market.
We market our Subsea Robotics, Manufactured Products, OPG and IMDS services and products to domestic, international and foreign national oil and gas companies engaged in offshore exploration, development and production. We also provide services and products as a subcontractor to other oilfield service companies operating as prime contractors. In addition, we market our Manufactured Products mobile robotic solutions to domestic and international theme park operators, automotive manufacturers, hospitals and retail warehousing operators. Customers for our energy services and products typically award contracts on a competitive-bid basis. These contracts are typically less than one year in duration, although we enter into multi-year contracts from time to time.
In connection with the services we perform in our Energy Services and Products business, we generally seek contracts that compensate us on a dayrate basis. Under dayrate contracts, the contractor provides the ROV, vessel or equipment and the required personnel to operate the unit and compensation is based on a rate per day for each day the unit is used. The typical dayrate depends on market conditions, the nature of the operations to be performed, the duration of the work, the equipment and services to be provided, the geographical areas involved and other variables. Dayrate contracts may also contain an alternate, lower dayrate that applies when a unit is moving to a new site or when operations are interrupted or restricted by equipment breakdowns, adverse weather or water conditions or other conditions beyond the contractor's control. Contracts for our product sales are generally for a fixed price.
Aerospace and Defense Technologies. We market our engineered products and services primarily to U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors in defense and space exploration activities.
Major Customers. Our top five customers in 2021, 2020 and 2019 accounted for 36%, 32% and 32%, respectively, of our consolidated revenue. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, four of our top five customers were oil and gas exploration and production companies served by our Energy Services and Products business segments, with the other one being the U.S. Government, which is served by our Aerospace and Defense Technologies segment. During 2021, revenue from one customer, the U.S. Government, accounted for 12% of our total consolidated annual revenue, and no other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total consolidated revenue. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue during 2020. During 2019, revenue from one customer, BP plc and subsidiaries, accounted for 10% of our total consolidated annual revenue.
Although we do not depend on any one customer, the loss of one of our significant customers could, at least on a short-term basis, have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
RAW MATERIALS
We purchase various raw materials for use in manufacturing our products and delivering our services. The key raw materials we use include steel in various forms, polymers, copper wire, electronic components and plastics. Most of the raw materials that are critical to our business are generally readily available from multiple sources, but may be subject to price volatility. In addition, global market conditions can trigger constraints in the supply of certain raw materials, and our procurement personnel are always seeking ways to ensure the availability and manage the cost of raw materials. In addition to raw materials, we also use the products and services of a number of other providers, such as forge companies, casting foundries, metal fabricators, machine shops and logistics providers, in order to
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produce and deliver products to our customers. Most of these materials and services are generally available from multiple sources.
COMPETITION
Our businesses operate in highly competitive industry segments.
Energy Services and Products
We are one of several companies that provide underwater services and specialty subsea hardware on a worldwide basis. We compete for contracts with companies that have worldwide operations, as well as numerous others operating locally in various areas. We believe that our ability to safely provide a wide range of underwater services and products on a worldwide basis enables us to compete effectively in all phases of the offshore oilfield life cycle. In some cases involving projects that require less sophisticated equipment, small companies have been able to bid for contracts at prices uneconomical to us. Additionally, in some jurisdictions we are subject to foreign governmental regulations favoring or requiring the awarding of contracts to local contractors or requiring foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. These regulations may adversely affect our ability to compete.
The adverse impacts of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the associated supply and demand imbalance for crude oil have resulted in periods of lower levels of activity and profitability. In response, we implemented cost efficiency initiatives. We believe our energy businesses are positioned to benefit from improving global markets for our services and products.
Subsea Robotics. We believe we are the world's largest owner/operator of work-class ROVs employed in energy related operations. As of December 31, 2021, we owned 250 work-class ROVs. We compete with several major companies on a worldwide basis and with numerous others operating locally in various areas. Competition for ROV services, including ROV tooling, historically has been based on equipment availability, location of or ability to deploy the equipment, quality of service and price. The relative importance of these factors can vary over time based on market conditions. The ability to develop improved equipment and techniques and to attract, train and retain skilled personnel is also an important competitive factor in our markets.
Our survey and positioning services operate in a competitive environment as one of several companies that provide these services.
Manufactured Products. With our manufactured products business, we are one of several companies that compete on a worldwide basis for the provision of steel tube and thermoplastic control umbilicals, and, compared to current and forecasted market demand, we are faced with some overcapacity in the umbilical manufacturing market. We believe the recent closures or reductions in capacity by some of our competitors should help with balancing a historically over-supplied market.
Within our mobility solutions businesses, there are many competitors offering specialized services and products, both on a regional and a global basis.
Offshore Projects Group. We perform subsea intervention and hardware installation services, principally in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola, from multiservice deepwater vessels. We are one of many companies that offer these services. In general, our competitors can move their vessels to where we operate from other locations with relative ease. However, some of our competitors’ vessels are not Jones Act-compliant which requires that vessels operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico be built and 75% U.S. owned in order to transport merchandise between points in the United States. We also have many competitors that supply commercial diving services to the oil and gas industry in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Within our service and rental business, there are many competitors offering specialized services and products both on a regional and a global basis.
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions. The worldwide asset integrity and inspection markets consist of a wide range of inspection and certification requirements in many industries. We currently compete in only selected portions of this market. We are expanding our integrity management services into adjacent markets and are developing our digitization services. We believe that our broad geographic sales and operational coverage, long history of operations, technical and safety reputation, application of various inspection technologies and accreditation to international quality standards enable us to compete effectively in our selected asset integrity and inspection services market segments.
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Aerospace and Defense Technologies
Engineering services is a very broad market with a large number of competitors. We compete in specialized areas in which we can combine our extensive knowledge of operating in harsh environments, program management experience, mechanical engineering expertise and the capability to continue the development of conceptual project designs into the manufacture of custom equipment for customers.
SEASONALITY AND BACKLOG
We generate a material amount of our consolidated revenue from contracts for services in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in our OPG segment, which is usually more active in the second and third quarters, as compared to the rest of the year. The European operations of our IMDS segment are also seasonally more active in the second and third quarters. Revenue in our Subsea Robotics segment is subject to seasonal variations in demand, with our first quarter generally being the low quarter of the year. The level of our Subsea Robotics seasonality depends on the number of ROVs we have engaged in vessel-based subsea infrastructure IMR and installation, which is more seasonal than drill support. Revenue in each of our Manufactured Products and ADTech segments generally has not been seasonal.
The amounts of backlog orders we believed to be firm as of 2021 and 2020 were as follows (in millions):
| As of December 31, 2021 | As of December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 1+ yr (1) | Total | 1+ yr (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 637 | $ | 256 | $ | 538 | $ | 215 | |||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 318 | 46 | 266 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Offshore Projects Group | 158 | 1 | 160 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | 437 | — | 279 | 413 | 246 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 1,550 | 582 | 1,377 | 511 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Aerospace and Defense Technologies | 149 | 16 | 144 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,699 | $ | 598 | $ | 1,521 | $ | 523 | |||||||||||||||
(1) Represents amounts that were not expected to be performed within one year. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
No material portion of our business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts by the U.S. Government.
PATENTS AND LICENSES
We currently hold numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications. We have acquired patents and licenses and granted licenses to others when we have considered it advantageous for us to do so. Although in the aggregate our patents and licenses are important to us, we do not regard any single patent or license or group of related patents or licenses as critical or essential to our business as a whole. In general, we depend on our technological capabilities and the application of know-how rather than patents and licenses in the conduct of our operations.
REGULATION
Our operations are affected from time to time and in varying degrees by foreign and domestic political developments and foreign, federal and local laws and regulations, including those relating to:
•operating from and around offshore drilling, production and marine facilities;
•national preference for local equipment and personnel;
•marine vessel safety;
•protection of the environment, including pollution, GHG emissions and climate change;
•workplace health and safety;
•data privacy;
•taxation;
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•license requirements for exportation of our equipment and technology; and
•currency conversion and repatriation.
In addition, our Energy Services and Products business primarily depends on the demand for our services and products from the oil and gas industry and, therefore, is affected by changing taxes, price controls and other laws and regulations relating to the oil and gas industry generally. The adoption of laws and regulations curtailing offshore exploration and development drilling for oil and gas for economic and other policy reasons (such as addressing concerns about climate change) would adversely affect our operations by limiting demand for our services. We cannot determine the extent to which new legislation, new regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations may affect our future operations.
Our operations and properties are subject to a wide variety of increasingly complex and stringent foreign, federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by hazardous substances and the health and safety of employees. Sanctions for noncompliance may include revocation of permits, corrective action orders, administrative or civil penalties and criminal prosecution. Some environmental laws provide for strict, joint and several liability for remediation of spills and other releases of hazardous substances, as well as damage to natural resources. In addition, companies may be subject to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as a result of alleged exposure to hazardous substances. These laws and regulations may also expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, or for our acts that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time such acts were performed.
Environmental laws and regulations that apply to our operations include the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (each, as amended) and similar laws that provide for responses to, and liability for, releases of hazardous substances into the environment. Environmental laws and regulations also include similar foreign, state or local counterparts to the above-mentioned federal laws, which regulate air emissions, water discharges, hazardous substances and waste, and require public disclosure related to the use of various hazardous substances. Our operations are also governed by laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and worker health, primarily, in the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or relating to the protection of the environment has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. We cannot predict all of the environmental requirements or circumstances that will exist in the future but anticipate that environmental control and protection standards will become increasingly stringent and costly. Based on our experience to date, we do not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on our business or consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as a result of future compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations. However, future events, such as changes in existing laws and regulations or their interpretation, more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies, or stricter or different interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require additional expenditures by us, which may be material. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not incur significant environmental compliance costs in the future.
Our quality management systems are registered as being in conformance with ISO 9001:2015 and cover:
•our Subsea Robotics operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the U.K., Norway, Angola, Ghana, Brazil, Canada, India, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Indonesia and Malaysia;
•our Manufactured Products operations in Brazil, Canada, the U.S., the U.K., Norway, Malaysia, the Netherlands and Germany;
•our Offshore Projects Group operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the U.K., Norway, Angola, Ghana, Brazil, Canada, India, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia;
•our Integrity Management & Digital Solutions operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, the U.K., Norway, Angola, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Azerbaijan; and
•the Oceaneering Space Systems, Oceaneering Technologies and Marine Services divisions of our Aerospace and Defense Technologies segment in the U.S.
ISO 9001 is an internationally recognized system for quality management established by the International Standards Organization, and the 2015 edition emphasizes customer satisfaction, risk assessment and continual improvement.
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HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
At Oceaneering, corporate social responsibility is built around our core values which follow:
•Do Things Right – We work safely and act with integrity in the best interest of our industry partners, employees and the environment.
•Solve Complex Problems – We provide products and services that work through listening, experience and curiosity.
•Grow Together – We collaborate, respect and support each other so we can reach our full potential.
•Outperform Expectations – We perform with excellence to serve our customers and each other.
•Own the Challenge – We hold ourselves accountable for the promises we make and work we do.
Our core values and culture reflect our commitments to safety, diversity and inclusion, human health, the environment, ethical business practices and responsible corporate citizenship in the communities in which we live and work around the world. All employees are responsible for upholding our core values. We believe our core values and culture foster employee engagement and innovation, and allow us to draw on our employees' skills and aspirations in a mutually beneficial way. We use a variety of human capital measures in managing our business, including: compensation and benefits program design, workforce composition, diversity metrics with respect to representation, health and safety metrics, talent attraction, and development and management considerations.
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately 8,500 employees, of whom approximately 40% were employed in the United States and approximately 60% were employed outside of the United States. Our workforce varies seasonally and typically peaks during the second and third quarters of each year. In 2021, we worked in approximately 50 countries across six continents and employed people representing over 100 different nationalities.
We believe that our future success largely depends on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. We provide our employees with competitive compensation packages, development programs that enable continued learning and growth, and comprehensive and competitive benefit packages worldwide. Our compensation and benefits arrangements generally are tailored to local markets of operation. Employee benefits, therefore, typically depend on role and work location.
As part of our retention and promotion efforts, we invest in ongoing leadership development. We have a strong history of internal promotion. We regularly provide our employees with training, including health, safety and environmental (“HSE”) awareness training, technical courses, management development seminars, and leadership and supervisory training.
Safety is a key focus of all Oceaneering operations. We have a strong HSE program that includes processes implemented by our functional operating groups that are aimed at preventing injuries to our employees and others with whom we work, as well as preventing damage to equipment and the environment. We hold our employees, and those of our subcontractors and vendors who appear in our workplaces or job sites, accountable for compliance with our safety standards.
As a global company, much of our success is rooted in the diversity of our workforce and our commitment to inclusion. We value diversity at all levels and continue to focus on extending our diversity and inclusion initiatives across our entire workforce. We have established an internal Diversity & Inclusion Council, made up of 19 employees, to listen, guide and support our efforts in this area.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We are including the following discussion to inform our existing and potential security holders generally of some of the risks and uncertainties that can affect our company and to take advantage of the “safe harbor” protection for forward-looking statements that applicable federal securities law affords.
From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential security holders about our company. These statements may include projections and estimates concerning the timing and success of specific projects and our future orders, revenue, income and capital spending. Forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “budget,” “goal,” “may,” “should,” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. In addition, sometimes we will specifically describe a statement as being a forward-looking statement and refer to this cautionary statement.
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In addition, various statements this report contains, including those that express a belief, expectation or intention are forward-looking statements. Those forward-looking statements appear in Part I of this report in Item 1—“Business,” Item 2—“Properties” and Item 3—“Legal Proceedings” and in Part II of this report in Item 7—“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Item 7A—“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements incorporated into Item 8 and elsewhere in this report. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, we disclaim any obligation to update these statements, and we caution you not to rely unduly on them. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While our management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. These risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the following:
•factors affecting the level of activity in the energy industry, including worldwide demand for and prices of oil and natural gas, oil and natural gas production growth and the supply and demand of offshore drilling rigs;
•actions by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, and other oil exporting countries;
•decisions about offshore developments to be made by oil and gas exploration, development and production companies;
•decisions about offshore developments to be made by offshore renewables companies;
•the use of subsea completions and our ability to capture a share of the associated market;
•factors affecting the level of activity in our government businesses, including decisions on spending and funding by the U.S. Government;
•factors affecting the level of activity in our entertainment businesses, including decisions on capital expenditure decisions by entertainment business customers, such as theme park operators;
•general economic and business conditions and industry trends, including the ongoing transition to alternative sources of energy to reduce worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gases” and the effects of inflation;
•the strength of the industry segments in which we are involved;
•the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the governmental, customer, supplier and other responses to the pandemic;
•cancellations of contracts, change orders and other contractual modifications and the resulting adjustments to our backlog;
•collections from our customers;
•the availability and increased costs of chartered vessels;
•our future financial performance, including as a result of the availability, terms and deployment of capital;
•the consequences of significant changes in currency exchange rates;
•the volatility and uncertainties of credit markets;
•our ability to comply with covenants in our credit agreements and other debt instruments and the availability, terms and deployment of capital;
•changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretation by taxing authorities;
•changes in, or our ability to comply with, other laws and governmental regulations, including those relating to the environment (including pollution and climate change);
•the continued availability of qualified personnel and our ability to attract and retain those qualified personnel;
•our ability to obtain raw materials and parts on a timely basis and, in some cases, from limited sources;
•increases in material costs on long-term projects at prices higher than originally forecast;
•operating risks normally incident to offshore exploration, development and production operations;
•hurricanes and other adverse weather and sea conditions;
•cost and time associated with drydocking of our vessels;
•the highly competitive nature of our businesses;
•adverse outcomes from legal or regulatory proceedings;
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•the risks associated with integrating businesses we acquire;
•the risks associated with the transition to a more remote workforce;
•the risks associated with the use of complex information technology systems, including cybersecurity risks and the risks associated with failures to protect data privacy in accordance with applicable legal requirements and contractual provisions binding upon us;
•rapid technological changes; and
•social, political, military and economic situations in foreign countries where we do business and the possibilities of civil disturbances, war, other armed conflicts or terrorist attacks.
We believe the items we have outlined above are important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in a forward-looking statement made in this report or elsewhere by us or on our behalf. We have discussed most of these factors in more detail elsewhere in this report. These factors are not necessarily all the factors that could affect us. Unpredictable or unanticipated factors we have not discussed in this report could also have material adverse effects on actual results of matters that are the subject of our forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update our description of important factors each time a potential important factor arises. We advise our security holders that they should (1) be aware that important factors we do not refer to above could affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and (2) use caution and common sense when considering our forward-looking statements.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Our website address is www.oceaneering.com. We make available through this website under “Investor Relations—SEC Financial Reports,” free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and Section 16 filings by our directors and executive officers as soon as reasonably practicable after we, or our executive officers or directors, as the case may be, electronically file those materials with, or furnish those materials to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition, the SEC maintains a website, www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and other information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
We have adopted, and posted on our website: our corporate governance guidelines; a code of ethics for our Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers; charters for the Audit, Nominating and Corporate Governance and Compensation Committees of our Board of Directors; and a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees.
We also post on our website materials that summarize our environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) efforts and our Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) Reports. These materials are available in print to any stockholder that makes a written request to Oceaneering International, Inc., Attention: Corporate Secretary, 11911 FM 529, Houston, Texas 77041-3000.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Executive Officers. The following information relates to our executive officers as of February 18, 2022:
| NAME | AGE | POSITION | EXECUTIVE OFFICER SINCE | EMPLOYEE SINCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Roderick A. Larson | 55 | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | 2012 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earl F. Childress | 56 | Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alan R. Curtis | 56 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2015 | 1995 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Holly D. Kriendler | 57 | Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer | 2020 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| David K. Lawrence | 62 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary | 2012 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eric A. Silva | 62 | Senior Vice President and Chief Transformation Officer | 2017 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Philip G. Beierl | 63 | Senior Vice President, Aerospace and Defense Technologies | 2018 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benjamin M. Laura | 43 | Senior Vice President, Offshore Projects Group | 2020 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Witland J. LeBlanc, Jr. | 51 | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer | 2019 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Martin J. McDonald | 58 | Senior Vice President, Subsea Robotics | 2015 | 1989 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shaun R. Roedel | 54 | Senior Vice President, Manufactured Products | 2020 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kishore Sundararajan | 60 | Senior Vice President, Integrity Management and Digital Solutions | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Each executive officer serves at the discretion of our Board of Directors and is subject to reelection or reappointment each year after the annual meeting of our shareholders. We do not know of any arrangement or understanding between any of the above persons and any other person or persons pursuant to which they were selected or appointed as an officer.
Business Experience. The following summarizes the business experience of our executive officers. Except where we otherwise indicate, each of these persons has held his or her current position with Oceaneering for at least the past five years.
Roderick A. Larson joined Oceaneering in 2012 as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, became President in February 2015 and became President and Chief Executive Officer and Director in May 2017. Mr. Larson previously held positions with Baker Hughes Incorporated from 1990 until he joined Oceaneering, serving most recently as President, Latin America Region from January 2011. Previously, he served as Vice President of Operations, Gulf of Mexico Region from 2009 to 2011, Gulf Coast Area Manager from 2007 to 2009, and Special Projects Leader Technical Training Task from 2006 to 2007.
Earl F. Childress, Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer, joined Oceaneering in March 2020 as Senior Vice President, Business Development and assumed his current role in May 2020. From 2015 to 2020, he served as Executive Vice President of Strategy and Business Development for Teledyne Marine, and as General Manager of Teledyne Seismic and Teledyne RD Instruments. Prior to 2015, Mr. Childress served in sales, marketing and strategy roles for Teledyne, including mergers and acquisitions in marine instrumentation markets. Mr. Childress is a member of Petroleum Equipment and Services Association and the National Ocean Industries Association.
Alan R. Curtis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, joined Oceaneering in 1995 as the Financial and Operations Controller for our Subsea Products segment, and became Vice President and Controller of Subsea Products in 2013 and Senior Vice President, Operations Support in 2014. He was appointed to his current position in August 2015.
Holly D. Kriendler, Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, joined Oceaneering in October 2016 as Vice President, Human Resources and was appointed as its Chief Human Resources Officer in 2018 and to her current position in March 2020, with responsibility for Oceaneering’s human resources, global mobility and operations training functions. Prior to joining Oceaneering, Ms. Kriendler served in human resources leadership positions from 2006 to 2016 at affiliates of Tyco International Ltd. and successor entities, including most recently as Vice President, Human Resources for The ADT Corporation from 2011. Ms. Kriendler has more than 25 years of experience in human resources management.
David K. Lawrence, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, joined Oceaneering in 2005 as Assistant General Counsel. He was appointed Associate General Counsel effective January 2011, Vice President,
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General Counsel and Secretary in January 2012 and to his current position in February 2014. Mr. Lawrence has more than 30 years of experience as in-house counsel in the oil and gas and manufacturing industries.
Eric A. Silva, Senior Vice President, Operations Support, joined Oceaneering in 2014 as Chief Information Officer and Vice President. He was appointed to his current position in August 2015 and was appointed an executive officer in 2017. Prior to joining Oceaneering, Mr. Silva was a consultant from May 2012 to February 2014 and served as the Chief Information Officer at El Paso Corporation from 2010 to May 2012. Prior to such time, he was Vice President of Information Technology of LyondellBasell Industries N.V. (formerly LyondellBasell Industries AF S.C.A.) from December 2007 to 2010, and was Vice President of Information Technology of Lyondell Chemical Company from 2002 to 2007.
Philip G. Beierl, Senior Vice President, Aerospace and Defense Technologies, joined Oceaneering in 2005 and held leadership positions in the Oceaneering Technologies business unit, most recently as its Vice President and General Manager from 2014. Mr. Beierl was appointed as Oceaneering's Senior Vice President, Advanced Technologies in 2018 and to his current position in August 2020. Before joining Oceaneering, he served in the U.S. Navy for over 25 years.
Benjamin M. Laura, Senior Vice President, Offshore Projects Group, joined Oceaneering as Director of Subsea Services in 2014, was appointed as its as Vice President of Service, Technology & Rentals in 2015, as its Senior Vice President, Service and Rental in March 2020 and to his current position in May 2020. Prior to joining Oceaneering, Mr. Laura worked for Baker Hughes as the Vice-President and Managing Director for Baker Hughes do Brasil.
Witland J. LeBlanc, Jr., Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, joined Oceaneering in 2010 as the Vice President, Tax, and became Vice President, Tax and Treasurer in July 2017. He was appointed to his current position in March 2019. He began his career in public accounting and transitioned to industry prior to joining Oceaneering.
Martin J. McDonald, Senior Vice President, Remotely Operated Vehicles, joined Oceaneering in 1989. He held a variety of domestic and international positions of increasing responsibility in our ROV segment and most recently served as Vice President and General Manager for our ROV operations in the Eastern Hemisphere from 2006 until being appointed to his current position effective January 2016.
Shaun R. Roedel, Senior Vice President, Manufactured Products, joined Oceaneering in 2009 as Assistant General Manager/Group Project Manager of the umbilical plant in Panama City, Florida, and became Vice President, Subsea Manufactured Products in 2017. He was appointed to his current position in March 2020. Prior to joining Oceaneering, Mr. Roedel was the head of project management for Siemens Dematic from 1997 to 2004 and the head of project management and construction for Vanderlande Industries from 2004 to 2009. Mr. Roedel served in the U.S. Navy from 1990 to 1997.
Kishore Sundararajan, Senior Vice President, Integrity Management and Digital Solutions, joined Oceaneering in March 2020 as Senior Vice President, Asset Integrity and assumed his current role in May 2020. Before joining Oceaneering, he served as President of Engineering and Product Management, Oil Field Services with Baker Hughes from 2017 to 2019. Prior to that time, he was employed by General Electric in its oil and gas business as Vice President of Engineering and Technology from 2015 to 2017 and as Chief Technology Officer, Measurement and Control from 2014 to 2015. From 1988 to 2014, Mr. Sundararajan held positions of increasing responsibility in automation, robotics and power conversion with the ABB Group, culminating in leadership of its global industrial solutions business.
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Item 1A.Risk Factors.
We are subject to various risks and uncertainties in the course of our business. The following summarizes the risks and uncertainties that we consider to be material and that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows and the market value of our securities. Investors in our company should consider these matters, in addition to the other information we have provided in this report and the documents we incorporate by reference.
Business and Operational Risks
We derive most of our revenue from companies in the offshore oil and gas industry, a historically cyclical industry with levels of activity that are significantly affected by the levels and volatility of oil and gas prices.
We derive most of our revenue from customers in the offshore oil and gas exploration, development and production industry. The offshore oil and gas industry is a historically cyclical industry characterized by significant changes in the levels of exploration and development activities. Oil and gas prices, and market expectations of potential changes in those prices, significantly affect the levels of those activities. Worldwide political, economic and military events have contributed to oil and gas price volatility and are likely to continue to do so in the future. In 2020, many oil and gas companies made significant reductions in their capital and operating expenditures, which adversely impacted demand for the services and products provided by our Energy Services and Products business, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which included the resulting significant reduction in global demand for oil and natural gas, coupled with the sharp decline in oil prices following the announcement of price reductions and production increases in March 2020 by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, and other foreign, oil-exporting countries, as discussed below. Oil and gas prices returned to pre-pandemic levels in 2021 and have remained stable so far in 2022. However, there may be downward pressure on prices due to recent or expected production increases in various countries. There is ongoing uncertainty regarding the long-term outlook for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, as a result of a temporary ban on leasing of U.S. federal lands imposed by the current presidential administration. Any prolonged reduction in the overall level of offshore oil and gas exploration and development activities, whether resulting from changes in oil and gas prices, limitations on access to capital for such activities, governmental actions or regulatory developments or otherwise, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in our operating segments within our Energy Services and Products business. Some factors that have affected and are likely to continue affecting oil and gas prices and the level of demand for our services and products include the following:
•worldwide demand for oil and gas;
•general economic and business conditions and industry trends;
•the ability of OPEC to set and maintain production levels;
•the level of production by non-OPEC countries, including U.S. shale oil;
•the ability of oil and gas companies to generate funds for capital expenditures;
•the ongoing ability to access to external financing from financial institutions or the capital markets;
•the cost of exploring for, developing and producing oil and gas as compared to alternative energy sources;
•domestic and foreign tax policy;
•laws and governmental regulations that restrict exploration and development of oil and gas in various offshore jurisdictions;
•technological changes that could lead to competition from new market entrances;
•the political environment of oil-producing regions;
•the changing environmental and social landscape; and
•the price and availability of alternative energy.
The impacts and effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have adversely affected, and could continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected our business, financial condition and results of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the disease, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders and shutdowns, among others. Restrictions of this nature have caused, and may continue to cause, us, our suppliers and other business
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counterparties to experience operational delays, delays in the delivery of materials and supplies that are sourced from around the globe, and have caused, and may continue to cause, milestones or deadlines relating to various projects to be missed. There have been widespread adverse impacts on the global economy and on many of our employees, customers, suppliers and business counterparties.
There is considerable uncertainty regarding the extent to which COVID-19 and its variants will continue to spread, the widespread availability, distribution, acceptance and efficacy of vaccines and the extent and duration of governmental and other measures implemented to try to slow the spread. Further, the impact of the pandemic, including the resulting significant reduction in global demand for oil and natural gas, coupled with the sharp decline in oil prices following the announcement of price reductions and production increases in March 2020 by members of OPEC and other foreign, oil-exporting countries has led to significant global economic contraction generally and in our industry in particular. Despite recent improvements in commodity prices, oil and natural gas prices may continue to be volatile as a result of these events and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and as changes in oil and natural gas inventories, industry demand and economic performance are reported.
We have modified certain business and workforce practices (including those related to employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences) and implemented new protocols to promote social distancing and enhance sanitary measures in our offices and facilities to conform to government restrictions and best practices encouraged by governmental and regulatory authorities. Although we have experienced only limited absenteeism from employees who are required to be on-site to perform their jobs, absenteeism may increase in the future and may harm our productivity. Further, our increased reliance on remote access to our information systems increases our exposure to potential cybersecurity breaches. We may take further actions as government authorities require or recommend or as we determine to be in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers and other business counterparties. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus, in which case our employees or other individuals may become sick, our ability to perform critical functions could be harmed, and we may be unable to respond to some of the needs of our global business.
We have also received various notices from some of our suppliers and other business counterparties, and provided notices to several customers, regarding performance delays resulting from the pandemic. These actions may result in some disputes and could strain our relations with customers and others. If and to the extent these actions were to result in material modifications or cancellations of the underlying contracts, we could experience reductions in our currently reported backlog and in the anticipated conversion of backlog into revenue in future periods. In addition, worsening economic conditions could result in reductions in backlog over time, which would impact our future financial performance.
We cannot predict the full impact that COVID-19 or the significant disruption and volatility currently being experienced in the oil and natural gas markets will have on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations at this time, due to numerous uncertainties. The ultimate impacts will depend on future developments beyond our control, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, among others, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, particularly the new variants, the consequences of governmental and other measures designed to prevent the spread of the virus, the ongoing development, availability, distribution and acceptance of vaccines and therapeutic treatments, the duration of the pandemic, actions taken by members of OPEC and other foreign, oil-exporting countries, actions taken by governmental authorities, customers, suppliers and other third parties, workforce availability, and the timing and extent to which normal economic and operating conditions resume.
Our international operations involve additional risks not associated with domestic operations.
A significant portion of our revenue is attributable to operations in foreign countries. These activities accounted for approximately 57% of our consolidated revenue in 2021. Risks associated with our operations in foreign areas include risks of:
•regional and global economic downturns;
•public health threats, such as COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, severe influenza and other highly communicable viruses or diseases, that could limit access to customers', vendors' or our facilities or offices, impose travel restrictions on our personnel or otherwise adversely affect our operations or demand for our services;
•disturbances or other risks that may limit or disrupt markets;
•expropriation, confiscation or nationalization of assets;
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•renegotiation or nullification of existing contracts;
•foreign exchange restrictions;
•foreign currency fluctuations, particularly in countries highly dependent on oil revenue;
•foreign taxation, including the application and interpretation of tax laws;
•the inability to repatriate earnings or capital;
•changing political conditions;
•changing foreign and domestic monetary policies; and
•social, political, military and economic situations in foreign areas where we do business and the possibilities of civil disturbances, war, other armed conflict, terrorist attacks or acts of piracy.
Additionally, in some jurisdictions we are subject to foreign governmental regulations favoring or requiring the awarding of contracts to local contractors or requiring foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. These regulations may adversely affect our ability to compete.
Our exposure to the risks we described above varies from country to country. In recent periods, economic conditions, political instability and civil unrest in Africa and Azerbaijan have been among our greatest concerns. There is a risk that a continuation or worsening of these conditions could materially and adversely impact our future business, operations, financial condition and results of operations.
Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and is, therefore, an uncertain indicator of our future revenue and earnings.
There can be no assurance that the revenue included in our backlog will be realized or, if realized, will result in profits. Because of project cancellations or potential changes in the scope or schedule of our customers' projects, we cannot predict with certainty when or if backlog will be realized. Material delays, suspensions, cancellations or payment defaults could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We may be at risk of delays, suspensions and cancellations in the current market environment.
Reductions in our backlog due to cancellation by a customer or for other reasons would adversely affect, potentially to a material extent, the revenue and earnings we actually receive from contracts included in our backlog. Many of our ROV contracts have 30-day notice termination clauses. Some of the contracts in our backlog provide for cancellation fees in the event customers cancel projects. These cancellation fees usually provide for reimbursement of our out-of-pocket costs, revenue for work performed prior to cancellation and a varying percentage of the profits we would have realized had the contract been completed. However, under limited circumstances, such as certain bankruptcy events, no cancellation fee would be owed to us. Further, even if a cancellation fee is owed to us, a customer may be unable or may refuse to pay the cancellation fee. We typically have no contractual right upon cancellation to the total contract revenue as reflected in our backlog. If we experience significant project terminations, suspensions or scope adjustments to contracts reflected in our backlog, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted.
Our offshore oilfield operations involve a variety of operating hazards and risks that could cause losses.
Our operations are subject to the hazards inherent in the offshore oilfield business. These include blowouts, explosions, fires, collisions, capsizings and severe weather conditions. These hazards could result in personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and equipment, pollution or environmental damage and suspension of operations. We may incur substantial liabilities or losses as a result of these hazards. While we maintain insurance protection against some of these risks, and seek to obtain indemnity agreements from our customers requiring the customers to hold us harmless from some of these risks, our insurance and contractual indemnity protection may not be sufficient or effective to protect us under all circumstances or against all risks. The occurrence of a significant event not fully insured or indemnified against or the failure of a customer to meet its indemnification obligations to us could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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Legal and Regulatory Risks
Climate change, climate change legislation and regulatory initiatives and the ongoing “energy transition” could result in increased operating costs and capital expenditures and decreased demand for the services and products of our Energy Services business.
Scientific studies have suggested that emissions of certain gases, commonly referred to as “greenhouse gases,” including carbon dioxide and methane, may be contributing to warming of the earth’s atmosphere and other climatic changes. In response to those studies, the issue of climate change and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, in particular emissions from fossil fuels, has and continues to attract political and social attention. The regulatory response to and physical effects of climate change have the potential to negatively affect our business in many ways, including increasing the costs to provide the services and products of our Energy Services business, reducing the demand for and consumption of those services and products, and the economic health of the regions in which we operate, all of which can create financial risks. In addition, market forces, including the declining cost of renewables energy generation technologies and the continuing electrification of various technologies that previously used hydrocarbons, may impact the long-term demand for oil and natural gas and, ultimately, the demand for the services and products of our Energy Services business.
Legislation to regulate greenhouse gas emissions has, from time to time, been introduced in the U.S. Congress and such legislation may be proposed or adopted in the future. In addition, the EPA has adopted regulations addressing greenhouse gas emissions, including rules requiring the monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping of emissions of carbon dioxide from specified sources in the United States that cover certain onshore and offshore oil and natural gas production facilities. There also have been international efforts seeking legally binding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The United States was actively involved in the negotiations at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, which led to the creation of the “Paris Agreement.” The Paris Agreement requires the signatory countries to review and "represent a progression" in their nationally determined contributions, which set emissions reduction goals, every five years.
It is not possible at this time to predict the timing and effect of climate change or to predict the effect of the Paris Agreement (or similar international agreements) or whether additional greenhouse gas legislation, regulations or other measures will be adopted. However, more aggressive efforts by governments and non-governmental organizations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions appear likely and any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions applicable to our Energy Services customers and/or us.
The adoption of additional climate change laws or regulations in the future could result in increased costs for our Energy Services customers and us to (1) operate and maintain operating facilities, (2) install new emission controls or abatement technologies (such as CCS technologies) on operating facilities and (3) administer and manage greenhouse gas emissions programs. If we are unable to recover or pass through a significant level of our costs related to complying with climate change regulatory requirements imposed on us, they could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Further, to the extent financial markets view climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions of our Energy Services customer base as a financial risk, this could negatively impact our cost of and access to capital.
Beyond financial and regulatory impacts, climate change poses potential physical risks. Scientific studies forecast that these risks include increases in sea levels, stresses on water supply, rising average temperatures and other changes in weather conditions, such as increases in precipitation and extreme weather events, such as floods, heat waves, hurricanes and other tropical storms and cyclones. The projected physical effects of climate change have the potential to directly affect the operations we conduct for customers and result in increased costs related to our operations. However, because the nature and timing of changes in extreme weather events (such as increased frequency, duration, and severity) are uncertain, it is not possible for us to estimate reliably the future financial risk to our operations caused by these potential physical risks.
Climate change also subjects us to the risk of increased negative publicity. Negative public perception regarding us and/or the energy industry resulting from, among other things, concerns raised by advocacy groups about oil spills, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and explosions of or leaks from pipelines carrying crude oil, refined petroleum products or natural gas, may lead to increased regulatory scrutiny, which may, in turn, lead to new safety and environmental laws, regulations, guidelines and enforcement interpretations. These actions may cause operational delays or restrictions, increased operating costs or capital expenditures, additional regulatory burdens and increased risk of litigation for us and our energy industry customers. Furthermore, governmental authorities
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exercise considerable discretion in the timing and scope of permit issuance required for the operations conducted by or for our energy industry customers and, in many cases, the public may engage in the permitting process. Negative public perception could cause such permits to be withheld, delayed, or burdened by requirements that restrict our ability to profitably conduct business for our energy industry customers. Ultimately, these risks could result in reduced demand for the services and products of our Energy Services business, which would adversely impact our revenues, and increased costs that may adversely affect our profitability and cash flows.
Our operations could be adversely impacted by the effects of new regulations.
During 2010, the U.S. Government established new regulations relating to the design of wells and testing of the integrity of wellbores, the use of drilling fluids, the functionality and testing of well control equipment, including blowout preventers, and other safety and environmental regulations. The U.S. Government requires that operators demonstrate their compliance with those regulations before commencing deepwater drilling operations. In addition, as discussed above, increasing attention to issues concerning climate change as a result of the emission of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gases” may result in the imposition of additional environmental or other legislation or regulations that seek to restrict, or otherwise impose limitations or costs upon, the emission of greenhouse gases. We cannot predict when or whether any of these various legislative and regulatory proposals may be enacted or adopted or what their effects will be on us or our customers, particularly with respect to offshore oil and gas exploration and development projects. These and other legislative or regulatory developments could increase costs for us and our customers or, in some cases, prevent projects from going forward, thereby potentially reducing the need for our products and services.
Employee, agent or partner misconduct or our overall failure to comply with laws or regulations could weaken our ability to win contracts, which could result in reduced revenue and profits.
Misconduct, fraud, non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations, or other improper activities by one or more of our employees, agents or partners could have a significant negative impact on our business and reputation. Such misconduct could include the failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), which prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials, as well as the failure to comply with government procurement regulations, regulations on lobbying or similar activities, regulations pertaining to the internal controls over financial reporting and various other applicable laws or regulations, including the U.K. Bribery Act. We operate in some countries that international corruption monitoring groups have identified as having high levels of corruption. Our activities create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees or agents that could be in violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-corruption laws. The precautions we take to prevent and detect misconduct, fraud or non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations may not be effective, and we could face unknown risks or losses. Our failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations or acts of misconduct could subject us to fines, penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Laws and governmental regulations may add to our costs or adversely affect our operations.
Our business is affected by changes in public policy and by federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the offshore oil and gas industry. Offshore oil and gas exploration and production operations are affected by tax, environmental, safety and other laws, by changes in those laws, application or interpretation of existing laws, and changes in related administrative regulations. It is also possible that these laws and regulations may in the future add significantly to our operating costs or those of our customers or otherwise directly or indirectly affect our operations.
Environmental laws and regulations can increase our costs, and our failure to comply with those laws and regulations can expose us to significant liabilities.
Risks of substantial costs and liabilities related to environmental compliance issues are inherent in our operations. Our operations are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the generation, storage, handling, emission, transportation and discharge of materials into the environment. Permits are required for the operation of various facilities, and those permits are subject to revocation, modification and renewal. Governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with their regulations, and violations are subject to fines, injunctions or both. In some cases, those governmental requirements can impose liability for the entire cost of cleanup on any responsible party without regard to negligence or fault and impose liability on us for the conduct of or conditions others have caused, or for our acts that complied with all applicable requirements when we performed them. It is possible that other developments, such as stricter environmental laws and regulations, and claims for damages to property or persons resulting from our operations, would result in substantial costs and liabilities. In
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particular, as discussed above, increasing attention to issues concerning climate change as a result of the emission of carbon dioxide and other “greenhouse gases” may result in the imposition of additional environmental legislation or regulations that seek to restrict, or otherwise impose limitations or costs upon, the emission of greenhouse gases. We cannot predict when or whether any of these various legislative and regulatory proposals may become law or what their effect will be on us or our customers. Such legislation or regulations could increase costs for us and our customers or, in some cases, prevent projects from going forward, thereby potentially reducing the need for our products and services. Our insurance policies and the contractual indemnity protection we seek to obtain from our customers may not be sufficient or effective to protect us under all circumstances or against all risks involving compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
Financial Risks
Foreign exchange risks and fluctuations may affect our profitability on certain projects.
We operate on a worldwide basis with substantial operations outside the U.S. that subject us to United States dollar translation and economic risks. In order to manage some of the risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates, we may enter into foreign currency derivative (hedging) instruments, especially when there is currency risk exposure that is not naturally mitigated via our contracts. However, these actions may not always eliminate all currency risk exposure, in particular for our long-term contracts. A disruption in the foreign currency markets, including the markets with respect to any particular currencies, could adversely affect our hedging instruments and subject us to additional currency risk exposure. Based on fluctuations in currency, the U.S. dollar value of our backlog may from time to time increase or decrease significantly. We do not enter into derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Our operational cash flows and cash balances, though predominately held in U.S. dollars, may consist of different currencies at various points in time in order to execute our contracts globally. Non-U.S. asset and liability balances are subject to currency fluctuations when measured period to period for financial reporting purposes in U.S. dollars.
Maintaining adequate letter of credit and bonding capacity is necessary for us to successfully bid on and win various contracts.
In line with industry practice, we are often required to post standby letters of credit to customers or enter into surety bond arrangements in favor of customers. Those letters of credit and surety bond arrangements generally protect customers against our failure to perform our obligations under the applicable contracts. However, the terms of those letters of credit, including terms relating to the customer’s ability to draw upon the letter of credit and the amount of the letter of credit required, can vary significantly. If a letter of credit or surety bond is required for a particular project and we are unable to obtain it due to insufficient liquidity or other reasons, we may not be able to pursue that project. We have limited capacity for letters of credit, and we rely substantially on bilateral letters of credit from various issuing banks in a number of markets. Moreover, due to events that affect the credit markets generally, letters of credit may be more difficult to obtain in the future or may only be available at significant additional cost. Letters of credit, including through our bilateral arrangements (which are cancelable in the discretion of the issuing banks), may not continue to be available to us on reasonable terms. Our inability to obtain adequate letters of credit and surety bonds and, as a result, to bid on new work could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Significant inflation and higher interest rates could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Inflation could have an adverse impact on our business and our financial condition by increasing costs of materials and labor, and interest rates. All of these factors could have a negative impact on customer budgets. In a highly inflationary environment, we may be unable to raise pricing for our energy services and products at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins. In addition, our cost of capital, labor and materials could increase, which could have an adverse impact on our business and our financial condition.
Changes in the method of determining the U.S. Dollar London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect interest rates and increase our cost of capital.
On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom announced that it would phase out LIBOR as a benchmark rate by the end of 2021. On December 31, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the current administrator of LIBOR, ceased publication of 1-week and 2-month LIBOR, however, subject to compliance with applicable regulations, including as to representativeness, it does not intend to cease publication of the remaining tenors until June 30, 2023. It is possible that LIBOR’s regulator may determine to cease publication as of an earlier
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date, if the information used to calculate LIBOR degrades to the degree that it is no longer representative of the underlying market. We expect that different benchmark rates used to price indebtedness will continue to be developed over time. Revolving credit borrowings under our principal credit agreement, which is described in Part II of this report in Item 7—“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (the “Credit Agreement”), bear interest at rates tied to LIBOR. In the future, we may need to renegotiate the Credit Agreement or incur indebtedness under other credit arrangements, and the phase-out of LIBOR may negatively impact the terms of such indebtedness. We have not yet pursued an amendment of the Credit Agreement or other contractual alternative to address this matter and are currently evaluating the impact of the potential replacement of LIBOR. If no such amendment or other contractual alternative is established on or prior to the phase-out of LIBOR, interest on revolving credit borrowings under the Credit Agreement may bear interest at higher rates based on the prime rate, which could increase our cost of capital in the event we borrow against the Credit Agreement. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions (the "ARRC"), has proposed a new index calculated by short term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities called the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as an alternative to LIBOR for use in contracts that are currently indexed to U.S. dollar LIBOR and has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR. On July 29, 2021, the ARRC formally recommended SOFR as its preferred alternative replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR. Although SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR at this time, it is not presently known whether SOFR or any other alternative reference rates that have been proposed will attain market acceptance as replacements of LIBOR. In addition, the overall financial markets may be disrupted as a result of the phase-out or replacement of LIBOR. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential phase-out and alternative reference rates could adversely affect the cost of our borrowings. Furthermore, the overall financial market may be disrupted as a result of the phase-out or replacement of LIBOR. Disruption in the financial market could have an adverse effect on our business, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
A global financial crisis could impact our business and financial condition in ways that we currently cannot predict.
A recurrence of the credit crisis and related turmoil in the global financial system that occurred in 2008 and 2009 could have an impact on our business and our financial condition. In particular, the cost of capital increased substantially while the availability of funds from the capital markets diminished significantly. Although the capital markets have recovered, in a recurrence, our ability to access the capital markets in the future could be restricted or be available only on terms we do not consider favorable. Limited access to the capital markets could adversely impact our ability to take advantage of business opportunities or react to changing economic and business conditions and could adversely impact our ability to continue our growth strategy. Ultimately, we could be required to reduce our future capital expenditures substantially. Such a reduction could have a material adverse effect on our business and our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. A recurrence of such a global financial crisis could have further impacts on our business that we currently cannot predict or anticipate.
A global financial crisis or economic recession could have an impact on our suppliers and our customers, causing them to fail to meet their obligations to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, income from operations and cash flows.
If one or more of the lenders under our revolving credit facility were to become unable or unwilling to perform their obligations under that facility, our borrowing capacity could be reduced. Our inability to borrow under our revolving credit facility could limit our ability to fund our future operations and growth.
In addition, we maintain our cash balances and short-term investments primarily in accounts held by major banks and financial institutions located principally in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia, and some of those accounts hold deposits that exceed available insurance. It is possible that one or more of the financial institutions in which we hold our cash and investments could become subject to bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings. As a result, we could be at risk of not being able to access material amounts of our cash, which could result in a temporary liquidity crisis that could impede our ability to fund operations.
Strategic Risks Related to our Business
Our business strategy contemplates future acquisitions. Acquisitions of other businesses or assets present various risks and uncertainties.
We may pursue growth through the acquisition of businesses or assets that will enable us to broaden our service and product offerings and expand into new markets. We may be unable to implement this element of our growth
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strategy if we cannot identify suitable businesses or assets, reach agreement on potential strategic acquisitions on acceptable terms or for other reasons. Moreover, acquisitions involve various risks, including:
•difficulties relating to the assimilation of personnel, services and systems of an acquired business and the assimilation of marketing and other operational capabilities;
•challenges resulting from unanticipated changes in customer and other third-party relationships subsequent to acquisition;
•additional financial and accounting challenges and complexities in areas such as tax planning, treasury management, financial reporting and internal controls;
•assumption of liabilities of an acquired business, including liabilities that were unknown at the time the acquisition transaction was negotiated;
•possible liabilities under the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws;
•diversion of management's attention from day-to-day operations;
•failure to realize anticipated benefits, such as cost savings and revenue enhancements;
•potentially substantial transaction costs associated with acquisitions; and
•potential impairment resulting from the overpayment for an acquisition.
Future acquisitions may require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on attractive terms. Moreover, to the extent an acquisition transaction financed by non-equity consideration results in goodwill, it will reduce our tangible net worth, which might have an adverse effect on credit availability.
Additionally, an acquisition may bring us into businesses we have not previously conducted and expose us to additional business risks that are different from those we have previously experienced.
Our business strategy also includes development and commercialization of new technologies to support our growth. The development and commercialization of new technologies require capital investment and involve various risks and uncertainties.
Our future growth will depend on our ability to continue to innovate by developing and commercializing new service and product offerings. Investments in new technologies involve varying degrees of uncertainties and risk. Commercial success depends on many factors, including the levels of innovation, the development costs and the availability of capital resources to fund those costs, the levels of competition from others developing similar or other competing technologies, our ability to obtain or maintain government permits or certifications, the effectiveness of production, distribution and marketing efforts, and the costs to customers to deploy and provide support for the new technologies. We may not achieve significant revenue from new service and product investments for a number of years, if at all. Moreover, new services and products may not be profitable, and, even if they are profitable, our operating margins from new services and products may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically.
The loss of the services of one or more of our key personnel, or our failure to attract, assimilate and retain trained personnel in the future, could disrupt our operations and result in loss of revenue.
Our success depends on the continued active participation of our executive officers and key operating personnel. The unexpected loss of the services of any one of these persons could adversely affect our operations.
Our operations require the services of employees having the technical training and experience necessary to obtain the proper operational results. As a result, if we should suffer any material loss of personnel to competitors or be unable to employ additional or replacement personnel with the requisite level of training and experience to adequately operate our equipment, our operations could be adversely affected. A significant increase in the wages paid by other employers could result in a reduction in our workforce, increases in wage rates, or both.
We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.
Our businesses operate in highly competitive industry segments. Some of our competitors or potential competitors have greater financial or other resources than we have. Our operations may be adversely affected if our current competitors or new market entrants introduce new products or services with better features, performance, prices or other characteristics than those of our services and products. This factor is significant to our segments' operations, particularly in the operating segments within our Energy Services and Products business, where capital investment is critical to our ability to compete.
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Risks Related to Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Data Privacy
We rely on intellectual property law and confidentiality agreements to protect our intellectual property. We also rely on intellectual property we license from third parties. Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights, or our inability to obtain or renew licenses to use intellectual property of third parties, could adversely affect our business.
We rely on a variety of intellectual property rights that we use in our services and products, and our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary information and other intellectual property. Our intellectual property could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may be limited or unavailable in some foreign countries where we operate.
Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may result in the loss of valuable technologies or adversely affect our competitive business position. We rely significantly on proprietary technology, information, processes and know-how that are not subject to patent or copyright protection. We seek to protect this information through trade secret or confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, subcontractors or other parties, as well as through other security measures. These agreements and security measures may be inadequate to deter or prevent misappropriation of our confidential information. In the event of an infringement of our intellectual property rights, a breach of a confidentiality agreement or divulgence of proprietary information, we may not have adequate legal remedies to protect our intellectual property.
In some instances, we have augmented our technology base by licensing the proprietary intellectual property of third parties. However, it is possible that the tools, techniques, methodologies, programs and components we use to provide our services or products may infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. In the future, we may not be able to obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms. Royalty payments under licenses from third parties, if available, or developing non-infringing technologies could materially increase our costs. Additionally, if a license or non-infringing technology were not available, we might not be able to continue providing a particular service or product, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Litigation to determine the scope of intellectual property rights, even if ultimately successful, could be costly and could divert management's attention away from other aspects of our business. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.
Our information technology systems are subject to interruption and cybersecurity risks that could adversely impact our operations.
Our operations (both onshore and offshore) are highly dependent on information technology systems and related personnel, including systems that collect, organize, store or use personally identifiable data and other sensitive information about our customers, employees, suppliers and others. Some of these systems are managed or provided by third-party service providers, including certain cloud platform providers. As a result, our business operations could be negatively impacted by a breach or interruption of systems we rely on that originates from, or compromises, third-party networks or devices outside of our control. Threats to information technology systems associated with cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents or attacks continue to grow. For the information technology systems, applications and processes we rely on to operate effectively, we or our service providers must maintain and update them. Delays in maintenance, updates, upgrading, or patching of these systems, applications or processes could impair their effectiveness or expose us or our service providers to security risks. In addition, breaches to our systems or third-party systems utilized by us could go unnoticed for some period of time. Risks associated with these threats include disruptions of certain systems on our vessels or systems utilized to operate our ROVs; other impairments of our ability to conduct our operations; loss of or damage to intellectual property, proprietary information or employee or customer data; disruption of our customers’ operations; loss or damage to our customer data delivery systems; damage to our reputation or customer or other business relationships; inability to comply with our regulatory obligations in a timely manner which could result in regulatory investigations or other actions by governmental authorities and associated costs, fines or penalties; and increased costs to prevent, respond to or mitigate cybersecurity incidents. If such a cyber incident were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
While we continue to evaluate potential replacements or upgrades of existing key information technology systems, the implementation of new information technology systems or upgrades to existing systems subjects us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing or changing these systems, including potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, demands on management time and other risks. Our possible new
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information technology systems implementations or upgrades may not result in productivity improvements at the levels anticipated, or at all. In addition, the implementation of new or upgraded information technology systems may cause disruptions in our business operations. Any such disruption, and any other information technology system disruptions, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Changes in data privacy laws, regulations and standards may cause our business to suffer.
Personal privacy and data security have become significant regulatory issues and the subject of rapidly evolving laws globally and in the United States. As a result, we may be subject to a growing patchwork of comprehensive privacy regulation imposed by jurisdictions where we operate, including under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s Data Protection Act (the “UK GDPR”), Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (“LGPD”) and in the United States, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”). Furthermore, foreign, federal, state and local government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, more laws and regulations affecting data privacy. For example, voters in California adopted the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) by ballot initiative in 2020, and in 2021, Virginia and Colorado enacted the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (“VCDPA”) and Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”), respectively. The CPRA, VCDPA and CPA will take effect over the next 18 months and may impose new obligations on our business and operations.
The GDPR, UK GDPR and LGPD apply to activities related to personal data that may be conducted by us, directly or indirectly through vendors or subcontractors, from an establishment in the EU, UK or Brazil, respectively. Although the GDPR, UK GDPR and LGPD currently impose similar obligations, interpretations and enforcement of all three laws is still evolving. Changes to interpretations or enforcement of the GDPR, UK GDPR or LGPD could create a range of new compliance obligations, which could cause us to incur additional costs. If interpretations or enforcement of the GDPR, UK GDPR or LGPD deviate significantly in the future, those costs could become even more severe. The GDPR, UK GDPR, LGPD and other data privacy regulations may significantly impact our business activities and require substantial compliance costs that adversely affect business, operating results, prospects and financial condition.
Our business and operations may also be impacted if the UK Parliament approves new standard contractual clauses (“SCCs) for the international transfer of personal data outside of the UK. If adopted on March 21, 2022, the new SCCs may apply to our existing contracts involving the international transfer of personal data that is restricted under the UK GDPR, requiring us to renegotiate any non-conforming contracts by September 21, 2022. If necessary, the renegotiation of those contracts could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert our management’s attention from our day-to-day operations.
The CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, gives California residents specific rights in relation to their personal information, requires that companies take certain actions, including notifications for security incidents, and may apply to activities regarding personal information that is collected by us, directly or indirectly, from California residents. When most of its provisions take effect on January 1, 2023, the CPRA will modify the CCPA and impose additional data protection obligations on companies doing business in California. Adoption of the CPRA also created the California Privacy Protection Agency (“CPPA”), the first state agency dedicated to the implementation and enforcement of privacy regulations. Interpretation and enforcement of the CCPA and CPRA will continue to evolve, as will the impact the CPPA’s rulemaking and enforcement actions. Those changes may entail new compliance obligations and scrutiny that may significantly impact our business activities and require substantial compliance costs that adversely affect business, operating results, prospects and financial condition.
Additionally, Virginia’s VCDA and Colorado’s CPA will take effect on January 1, 2023 and July 1, 2023, respectively. Although the VCDPA and CPA share concepts the CCPA and CPRA, each law includes important variations, such as inconsistent standards for determining whether businesses fall within the scope of each law. Those variations may raise our costs and place increased demand on our resources by creating increasingly complex monitoring, control and compliance challenges. Any failure by us to comply with these laws and regulations, including as a result of a security or privacy breach, could result in significant penalties and liabilities for us.
Our business and operations could become subject to future legislation and regulatory requirements beyond those currently proposed, adopted or contemplated in the U.S. and abroad. The cumulative effect of all of the legislation and regulations on our business, operations and profitability remains uncertain. This uncertainty necessitates that in our business planning we make certain assumptions with respect to the scope and requirements of prospective and proposed rules. If these assumptions prove incorrect, we could be subject to increased regulatory and compliance risks and costs as well as potential reputational harm, either of which could result in negative publicity and significant penalties or other liabilities.
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Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, and policies that are applicable to our business may limit the use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, our solutions. Additionally, if we acquire an entity that has violated or is not in compliance with applicable data privacy and protection laws or regulations (or contractual provisions), we may experience similar adverse consequences.
Risks Related to our Organization and Structure
We may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our shareholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such preferences, powers and relative, participating, optional and other rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the common stock.
Provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of our company, even if that change would be beneficial to our shareholders.
The existence of some provisions in our corporate documents and Delaware law could delay or prevent a change in control of our company, even if that change would be beneficial to our shareholders. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may make acquiring control of our company difficult, including:
•provisions relating to the classification, nomination and removal of our directors;
•provisions regulating the ability of our shareholders to bring matters for action at annual meetings of our shareholders;
•provisions requiring the approval of the holders of at least 80% of our voting stock for a broad range of business combination transactions with related persons; and
•the authorization given to our board of directors to issue and set the terms of preferred stock.
In addition, the Delaware General Corporation Law imposes restrictions on mergers and other business combinations between us and any holder of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock.
General Risks
Our internal controls may not be sufficient to achieve all stated goals and objectives.
Our internal controls and procedures were developed through a process in which our management applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the control objectives. The design of any system of internal controls and procedures is based, in part, on various assumptions about the likelihood of future events. We cannot assure that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
The use of estimates could result in future adjustments to our assets, liabilities and results of operations.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires that our management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2.Properties.
We maintain office, shop and yard facilities in various parts of the world to support our operations. We consider these facilities, which we describe below, to be suitable for their intended use and adequate for our current operations. In these locations, we typically own or lease office facilities for our administrative and engineering staff,
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shops equipped for fabrication, testing, repair and maintenance activities and warehouses and yard areas for storage and mobilization of equipment to work sites. All sites are available to support any of our business segments as the need arises. The groupings that follow associate our significant offices with the primary business segment they serve.
Energy Services and Products. In general, our Energy Services and Products business segments share facilities. Our location in Morgan City, Louisiana consists of ROV manufacturing and training facilities, vessel docking facilities, open and covered warehouse space and offices. The Morgan City facilities primarily support ROV and other operations in the United States. We have regional support offices for our North Sea, Africa, Brazil and Southeast Asia operations in: Aberdeen, Scotland; Stavanger and Bergen, Norway; Abu Dhabi and Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Rio de Janeiro and Macaé, Brazil; Luanda, Angola; Chandigarh, India; Perth, Australia; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Baku, Azerbaijan; and Singapore. We also have operational bases in various other locations.
We use workshop and office space in Houston, Texas in our Manufactured Products, OPG and IMDS business segments. Our principal manufacturing facilities for our Manufactured Products segment are located in or near: Houston, Texas; Panama City, Florida; Aberdeen and Rosyth, Scotland; Nodeland and Stavanger, Norway; Perth, Australia; Luanda, Angola; the Netherlands; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Niterói and Macaé, Brazil. We also have an office in Orlando, Florida, which supports our commercial theme park animation activities. Each of these manufacturing facilities is suitable for its intended purpose and has sufficient capacity to respond to increases in demand for our subsea and theme park products and that may be reasonably anticipated in the foreseeable future.
For a description of the vessels we use in our Offshore Projects Group operations, see the discussion in Item 1. “Business” under the heading “GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS—Energy Services and Products—Offshore Projects Group.”
Aerospace and Defense Technologies. Our primary facilities for our ADTech segment are offices and workshops in Hanover, Maryland. We have regional offices in Chesapeake, Virginia; Bremerton, Washington; Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; Cataumet, Massachusetts; Charleston, South Carolina; and San Diego, California, which support our services for the U.S. Navy. We also have facilities near Houston, Texas, to support our space industry activities.
Item 3.Legal Proceedings.
For information regarding legal proceedings, see the discussion under the caption “Litigation” in Note 10—“Commitments and Contingencies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report, which discussion we incorporate by reference into this Item.
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol OII. Our company website address is www.oceaneering.com.
On February 18, 2022, there were 402 holders of record of our common stock. On that date, the closing sales price, as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, was $14.53. Our Board has not declared quarterly dividends since 2017 and we do not anticipate our Board reinstating a quarterly cash dividend after considering the need to focus our resources on growth and positioning us for the future, although we will continue to review our dividend position on a quarterly basis.
In December 2014, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock on a discretionary basis. The program calls for any repurchases to be made in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to market and business conditions, levels of available liquidity, cash requirements for other purposes, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The timing and amount of any repurchases will be determined by management based on its evaluation of these factors. We expect that any shares repurchased under the program will be held as treasury stock for future use. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any particular number of shares. Under the program, we had repurchased 2.0 million shares of our common stock for $100 million through December 31, 2015. We have not repurchased any shares under the program since December 2015.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The following presents equity compensation plan information as of December 31, 2021:
| Plan Category | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the first column) | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,447,259 | N/A | 3,236,659 | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | — | N/A | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,447,259 | N/A | 3,236,659 | |||||||||||||||||
In the table above, the number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights shown as of December 31, 2021 are restricted stock units and shares of restricted stock granted under our stockholder-approved incentive plans.
As of December 31, 2021, there were: (1) no shares of Oceaneering common stock under equity compensation plans not approved by security holders available for grant; and (2) 3,236,659 shares of Oceaneering common stock under equity compensation plans approved by security holders available for grant in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights or stock awards. We have not granted any stock options since 2005 and the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has expressed its intention to refrain from using stock options as a component of employee compensation for our executive officers and other employees for the foreseeable future. Additionally, our Board of Directors has expressed its intention to refrain from using stock options as a component of nonemployee director compensation for the foreseeable future. For a description of the material features of our equity compensation arrangements, see the discussion under the caption “Incentive Plans” in Note 12—“Employee Benefit Plans” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
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PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The following graph compares our total shareholder return to the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and the PHLX Oil Service Sector Index from December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2021. The PHLX Oil Service Sector Index is designed to track the performance of a set of companies involved in the oil services sector.
It is assumed in the graph that: (1) $100 was invested in Oceaneering Common Stock, the S&P 500 and the PHLX Oil Service Sector Index on December 31, 2016; and (2) any Oceaneering dividends are reinvested. The shareholder return shown is not necessarily indicative of future performance.
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oceaneering International, Inc. | 100.00 | 76.27 | 43.65 | 53.79 | 28.68 | 40.80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 Index | 100.00 | 121.83 | 116.49 | 153.17 | 181.35 | 233.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PHLX Oil Service Sector Index | 100.00 | 82.80 | 45.36 | 45.11 | 26.13 | 31.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Item 6. [Reserved]
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Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Certain statements in this annual report on Form 10-K, including, without limitation, statements regarding the following matters, are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:
•our business strategy;
•industry conditions and commodity pricing;
•seasonality;
•the impacts of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business;
•our expectations about 2022 results of operations, items below the operating income line and segment operating results, and the factors underlying those expectations, including our expectations about demand and pricing for our energy services and products as a result of the factors we specify in “Overview” and “Results of Operations” below;
•tax refunds under the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") and other tax refunds;
•our backlog, to the extent backlog may be an indicator of future revenue or productivity;
•projections relating to floating rig demand and subsea tree installations;
•the adequacy of our liquidity, cash flows and capital resources to support our operations and internally generated growth initiatives;
•the collectability of accounts receivable and realizability of contract assets at the amounts reflected on our most-recent balance sheet;
•our projected capital expenditures for 2022;
•the condition of debt markets and our possible future debt repurchases;
•our plans for future operations (including planned additions to and retirements from our remotely operated vehicle (“ROV”) fleet;
•our ability and intent to redeem Angolan bonds and repatriate cash;
•our expectations regarding shares that may be repurchased under our share repurchase plan;
•our expectations regarding the implementation of new accounting standards and related policies, procedures and controls;
•our expectations about our ROV fleet utilization in the future;
•our expectations about growth in the area of energy transition; and
•our expectations regarding the effect of inflation in the near future.
These forward-looking statements are subject to various risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those we refer to under the headings “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in Part I of this report. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, because of the inherent limitations in the forecasting process, as well as the relatively volatile nature of the industries in which we operate, we can give no assurance that those expectations will prove to have been correct. Accordingly, evaluation of our future prospects must be made with caution when relying on forward-looking information.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Our Business
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted our business. Although we experienced improvements in 2021, the long-term implications of the pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations remain uncertain. The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend largely on future developments, particularly within the geographic areas where we operate, and the related impact on overall economic activity, all of which are currently unknown and cannot be predicted with certainty at this time. However, the adverse impacts of the economic effects from the COVID-19 pandemic on our business have been and may continue to be significant.
Our Engagement in the Energy Transition
Oceaneering currently generates a substantial majority of its revenue from the oil and gas sector. Due to the continuing development of economies in developing countries, substantial projected population growth (particularly in developing countries), and the shortage of other sources of affordable, reliable, scalable and efficient energy, as
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well as rising worldwide demand for a myriad of products made with petrochemicals, we expect that the need for additional oil and gas exploration and development and IMR activities will continue for decades to come. At the same time, due to increasing concerns about climate change, there is growing demand for cleaner hydrocarbon-based and renewables energy sources. We believe that our strategies for continuing to assist our energy-focused customers to reduce their carbon emissions in exploring for, developing and producing oil and natural gas and in addressing the ongoing energy transition, as well as diversifying our business into new strategic growth areas in non-energy markets, will keep us well positioned as a resilient company in a potentially lower-carbon environment.
Today, the impacts of climate-related risks and opportunities and the global focus on energy transition are influencing our strategy in the following ways:
•we are committed to working with our Energy Services customers to help them minimize their carbon footprints in their oil and natural gas operations;
•we are deploying our competencies and capabilities to serve the energy-transition markets, including those utilizing offshore wind and tidal energy technologies, hydrogen and CCS technologies; and
•we are reviewing and assessing new investments to further diversify our businesses into new strategic growth areas outside the energy industry, such as mobility solutions, aerospace and defense and digital asset management.
We are committed to the research and development of products and services intended to help our Energy Services customers to produce energy safely and securely, with decreased risk to humans and sea life and reduced environmental impacts. As an example, we are working to advance remote operations, which allow customers to reduce their carbon footprints by transferring offshore workers to onshore control centers, and allows for less risk to human health and safety, greater collaboration and faster response to real-time events.
We are also committed to reducing our own energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emissions attributable to our operations. With the help of a third-party consultant, we are in the process of conducting a global review of our assets and operations to identify and estimate our scope 1 and scope 2 emissions. Once we have completed that process, we intend to set appropriate ambition levels for both short- and long-term emissions reduction goals. We will then develop action plans to achieve these goals. Our capital investments and expenses required to achieve our goals cannot be estimated at this time, but are expected to be significant over the long term.
Overview of our Results and Guidance
The table that follows sets out our revenue and operating results for 2021, 2020 and 2019.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 264,065 | 163,941 | 98,244 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 14 | % | 9 | % | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 39,799 | (446,079) | (290,713) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) % | 2 | % | (24) | % | (14) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | (49,307) | (496,751) | (348,444) | |||||||||||||||||
Our business segments are contained within two businesses—services and products provided primarily to the oil and gas industry and, to a lesser extent, the offshore renewables industry (“Energy Services and Products”) and services and products provided to non-energy industries (“Aerospace and Defense Technologies” or “ADTech”). Our four business segments within the Energy Services and Products business are Subsea Robotics, Manufactured Products, Offshore Projects Group (“OPG”) and Integrity Management & Digital Solutions (“IMDS”). We report our Aerospace and Defense Technologies business as one segment. Unallocated Expenses are expenses not associated with a specific business segment. These consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock and bonuses, as well as other general expenses, including corporate administrative expenses.
Our business primarily depends on the level of spending on offshore developments and related operating activities by our customers in the energy industry. During 2021, we generated a substantial majority of our revenue from services and products we provided to the energy industry. Our results for 2021 reflect the impact of pre-tax charges
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of $32 million recognized during the first, second and fourth quarters. Activity levels and operating performance within our energy segments improved as compared to 2020 as we continued to adapt to operating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our ADTech segment continued to perform steadily, delivering improved operating income for the year. Overall, our 2021 revenue increased 2% to $1.9 billion, with revenue increases in three of our four energy segments and in our ADTech segment.
In 2021, on a consolidated level, we had a net loss of $49 million, or diluted loss of $0.49 per share, compared to net loss of $497 million, or diluted loss of $5.01 per share, in 2020. The $447 million decrease in net loss as compared to 2020 was primarily attributable to pre-tax charges of $467 million recorded in 2020 for impairments, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and inventory, and other expenses, most notably in our Subsea Robotics, Manufactured Products, OPG and IMDS segments. This compares to pre-tax charges recorded in 2021 of $32 million, for a net loss on uncollectible accounts, loss on sale of an asset and other expenses, most notably in our Manufactured Products segment.
We had operating income of $40 million, including charges of $32 million, in 2021 and an operating loss of $446 million, including charges of $467 million in 2020. Operating results increased $486 million primarily due to charges of $467 million recorded in 2020 for impairments, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and inventory, and other expenses described below. The changes in operating results occurred in our:
•Subsea Robotics segment, which had a $143 million increase in operating results, primarily as a result of charges of $122 million in 2020 as compared to charges of $0.4 million in 2021. These charges were principally due to a goodwill impairment in 2020 of $102 million, largely based on market conditions and lower pricing levels. 2020 charges also included asset write-offs and inventory write-downs, largely resulting from impairment and obsolescence.
•Manufactured Products segment, which had a $72 million increase in operating results, primarily as a result of charges of $116 million in 2020 as compared to charges of $30 million in 2021. These charges in 2020 included impairments and write-downs of certain equipment of $61 million and goodwill impairments of $52 million, both largely based on market conditions and lower pricing levels. These charges in 2021 included a net loss of $30 million recorded in connection with the termination in the fourth quarter of 2021 of a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with the financially embattled developer, China Evergrande Group and its affiliated companies (collectively, “Evergrande”).
•OPG segment, which had a $137 million increase in operating results, primarily as a result of charges of $100 million in 2020 as compared to charges of $0.1 million in 2021. The charges in 2020 included a goodwill impairment of $66 million and long-lived asset impairments and write-offs of $25 million.
•IMDS segment, which had a $140 million increase in operating results, primarily as a result of charges of $128 million in 2020 as compared to charges of $0.2 million in 2021. The charges in 2020 included a goodwill impairment of $123 million, largely based on market conditions and lower pricing levels.
•ADTech segment, which had an $5.0 million increase in operating income on higher levels of revenue due to increased activity in defense subsea technologies.
In 2021, 2020 and 2019 we incurred certain charges of $32 million, $467 million and $252 million, respectively. The 2021 charges were primarily due to the net loss of $30 million related to the termination of a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with Evergrande. The 2020 and 2019 charges were primarily due to market conditions that no longer supported the prior valuations. Additionally, we recognized other costs, as we adapted our
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geographic footprint and staffing levels to the conditions of the markets we serve. Charges for 2021, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | Offshore Projects Group | Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | Aerospace and Defense Technologies | Unallocated Expenses | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Evergrande losses, net | $ | — | $ | 29,549 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 29,549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on sale of asset | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,415 | $ | 1,415 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 395 | 537 | 149 | 217 | 10 | — | 1,308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total charges | $ | 395 | $ | 30,086 | $ | 149 | $ | 217 | $ | 10 | $ | 1,415 | $ | 32,272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | Offshore Projects Group | Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | Aerospace and Defense Technologies | Unallocated Expenses | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets impairments | $ | — | $ | 61,074 | $ | 8,826 | $ | 545 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 70,445 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets write-offs | 7,328 | — | 16,644 | 170 | — | — | 24,142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory write-downs | 7,038 | — | — | — | — | — | 7,038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | 102,118 | 52,263 | 66,285 | 123,214 | — | — | 343,880 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 5,055 | 2,266 | 8,590 | 4,272 | 572 | 455 | 21,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total charges | $ | 121,539 | $ | 115,603 | $ | 100,345 | $ | 128,201 | $ | 572 | $ | 455 | $ | 466,715 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | Offshore Projects Group | Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | Aerospace and Defense Technologies | Unallocated Expenses | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets impairments | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 142,615 | $ | 16,738 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 159,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets write-offs | 11,340 | 482 | 18,723 | 14,108 | — | — | 44,653 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory write-downs | 15,433 | 2,107 | 2,771 | 719 | 255 | 21,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | — | — | 14,713 | — | — | 14,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 4,228 | 757 | 3,526 | 3,082 | 102 | 56 | 11,751 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total charges | $ | 31,001 | $ | 3,346 | $ | 167,635 | $ | 49,360 | $ | 357 | $ | 56 | $ | 251,755 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on our year-end 2021 backlog, projected start dates of new contracts, anticipated 2022 order intake and supportive market fundamentals, we are expecting increased revenue in 2022 for each of our operating segments, led by Manufactured Products, as compared to 2021. We are expecting improved operating results in 2022 as compared to 2021 in each of our energy segments, led by Subsea Robotics and OPG, and in ADTech. We anticipate commodity prices to support growth and free cash flow generation in 2022.
The outlook appears supportive for continued growth in all of our segments over the next several years and the operating efficiencies that have been put into place will position us to benefit from this growth while increasing our profitability. The outlook appears supportive for continued growth in offshore oil and gas markets over the medium term and we anticipate accelerated interest and growth in the offshore renewables market, including offshore wind, over the longer term. We believe that our energy segments are positioned to benefit from the growth in both of these markets. We also believe that our government-focused segment, ADTech, remains well positioned for continued steady growth in the aerospace and defense markets.
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We use our ROVs to provide drill support, vessel-based inspection, maintenance and repair, subsea hardware installation, construction, and pipeline inspection services to customers in the energy industry. Most of our ROVs have historically been used to provide drill support services. Therefore, the contracted number of floating drilling rigs is a leading market indicator for this business. The following table shows average floating rigs under contract and our ROV utilization.
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Average number of floating rigs under contract | 131 | 139 | 154 | ||||||||||||||
| ROV days on hire (in thousands) | 53 | 54 | 58 | ||||||||||||||
| ROV utilization | 58% | 59% | 58% | ||||||||||||||
Demand for floating rigs is the primary leading indicator of the strength of the deepwater market. According to industry data published by IHS Petrodata, excluding rigs under construction, at the end of 2021 there were 193 floating drilling rigs in operation or available for work throughout the world, with 137 of those rigs under contract. The average contracted offshore floating rig count in 2021 declined to approximately 131 rigs.
In addition to floating rig demand, the number of subsea tree orders and installations is another leading indicator, and the primary demand driver for our Manufactured Products lines. According to data published by Rystad Energy in December 2021, there are projected to be 317 subsea tree installations in 2022, compared to 313 in 2021, 278 in 2020 and 263 in 2019.
Results of Operations and Guidance
Additional information on our business segments is shown in Note 11—“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
Energy Services and Products. The table that follows sets out revenue and profitability for the business segments within our Energy Services and Products business. In the Subsea Robotics section of the table that follows, “ROV Days Available” includes all days from the first day that an ROV is placed in service until the ROV is retired. All days in this period are considered available days, including periods when an ROV is undergoing maintenance or repairs. Our ROVs do not have scheduled maintenance or repair that requires significant time when the ROVs are not available for utilization.
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| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 538,515 | $ | 493,332 | $ | 583,652 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 112,962 | 78,952 | 57,601 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 21 | % | 16 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 76,874 | (65,817) | 11,627 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss)% | 14 | % | (13) | % | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| ROV Days Available | 91,242 | 91,499 | 100,480 | |||||||||||||||||
| ROV Days Utilized | 53,113 | 54,411 | 58,347 | |||||||||||||||||
| ROV Utilization % | 58 | % | 59 | % | 58 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 344,251 | 477,419 | 498,350 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 63,455 | 62,962 | 48,865 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 18 | % | 13 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | (15,876) | (88,253) | 5,730 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss)% | (5) | % | (18) | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Backlog at end of period | 318,000 | 266,000 | 548,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| Offshore Projects Group | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 378,121 | 289,127 | 380,966 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 56,338 | 1,265 | 4,339 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 15 | % | — | % | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 31,197 | (105,680) | (170,013) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss)% | 8 | % | (37) | % | (45) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 241,393 | 226,938 | 266,086 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 42,417 | 29,772 | 15,361 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 18 | % | 13 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 18,572 | (121,675) | (52,527) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss)% | 8 | % | (54) | % | (20) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,502,280 | $ | 1,486,816 | $ | 1,729,054 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 275,172 | 172,951 | 126,166 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 18 | % | 12 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss) | 110,767 | (381,425) | (205,183) | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income (Loss)% | 7 | % | (26) | % | (12) | % | ||||||||||||||
Subsea Robotics. Historically, we built new ROVs to increase the size of our fleet in response to demand to support deepwater drilling and vessel-based IMR and installation work. These vehicles are designed for use around the world in water depths of 10,000 feet or more. In 2015, as a result of declining market conditions, we began building fewer ROVs, generally limiting additions to meet contractual commitments. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we retired 10 of our conventional workclass ROV systems and replaced them with seven upgraded conventional workclass ROV systems and three IsurusTM workclass ROV systems (which are capable of operating in severe conditions and are ideal for renewables projects and high-speed surveys), which are currently engaged in renewables work. We added a total of 10, three and 13 ROVs in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, while retiring 51 units over the three-year period. Our ROV fleet size was 250 as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
We believe we are the world's largest provider of ROV services and, generally, this business segment has been the largest contributor to our Energy Services and Products business operating income. Our Subsea Robotics segment
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revenue reflects the utilization percentages, fleet sizes and average pricing in the respective periods. Our survey services business provides survey and positioning, and geoscience services. The following table presents revenue from ROV services as a percentage of total Subsea Robotics revenue:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||
ROV | 79 | % | 81 | % | 77% | ||||||||||||||||||
Other | 21 | % | 19 | % | 23% | ||||||||||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2021, our Subsea Robotics operating income increased as compared to 2020, primarily due to charges of $122 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 for goodwill impairment, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Subsea Robotics operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year on higher revenue and margins. We had a 2% decrease in days on hire and a year-over-year decrease in drill support days partially offset by an increase in vessel support days. Dayrates and costs per days on hire increased on a slight decrease in utilization.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Subsea Robotics operating income decreased as compared to 2019, primarily due to charges of $122 million and $31 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for goodwill impairment, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Subsea Robotics operating income for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year on higher margins and improved cost controls. We had a 7% decrease in days on hire and year-over-year decreases in both drill support and vessel support days. Dayrates and costs per days on hire decreased on a slight increase in utilization.
For our Subsea Robotics in 2022, we expect improved results based on increased ROV days on hire, minor shifts in geographic mix and stable to improving pricing. Results for tooling-based services are expected to improve, with activity levels generally following ROV days on hire. Survey operating results are expected to improve on higher survey and positioning activity. Our overall ROV fleet utilization is expected to be in the mid-60% range for the full year of 2022, with higher seasonal activity during the second and third quarters. Subject to quarterly variances, we continue to expect our drill support market share to generally approximate 55% to 60%.
Manufactured Products. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our Manufactured Products operating results increased, as compared to 2020, primarily due to charges in 2020 of $116 million for asset and goodwill impairments, and other expenses as compared to $30 million of charges in 2021 primarily for the net loss related to the termination of a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with Evergrande. The 2021 Evergrande net loss included a reserve of $49 million in receivables and contract assets partially offset by the reclassification of $20 million of contract assets into salable inventory. Exclusive of those charges, Manufactured Products adjusted operating income for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year on lower revenue as we worked through backlog orders awarded prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our energy-related businesses year over year had decreased volume and operating margins which were partially offset by our mobility solutions businesses which had less volume but higher operating margins as a result of efficiency gains and revision of project cost estimates.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, our Manufactured Products operating results decreased, on higher revenue as compared to 2019, primarily due to charges in 2020 of $116 million for asset and goodwill impairments, and other expenses as compared to $3.3 million of charges in 2019 for write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, Manufactured Products adjusted operating income for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased as compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. Our energy-related businesses year over year had increased volume and operating margins due to better execution and improved operating efficiencies. Our mobility solutions businesses had significantly less volume and lower operating margins as a result of declines in activity attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We expect our Manufactured Products segment operating results in 2022 to improve on a significant increase in revenue, primarily as a result of increased order intake in our energy businesses in 2021. We are seeing increasing interest in our mobility solutions businesses and expect marginally higher activity and contribution from these businesses in 2022. Our Manufactured Products backlog was $318 million as of December 31, 2021, a $52 million, or 20%, increase over December 31, 2020.
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Offshore Projects Group. Our OPG operating results for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased as compared to 2020 primarily due to decreased charges in 2021 of $100 million for vessel and other asset impairments and write-offs, goodwill impairment, and other charges. Exclusive of those charges, our OPG operating results were higher for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the prior year, on higher revenue due to increased activity levels in the areas of subsea installation and intervention services.
Our OPG operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased as compared to 2019 primarily due to decreased charges in 2020 of $100 million for vessel and other asset impairments and write-offs, goodwill impairment, and other charges as compared to 2019 charges of $168 million for vessel and intangible impairments, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, our OPG operating results were lower for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to the prior year, on lower revenue due to reduced activity levels in the areas of IMR, decommissioning and intervention services.
In 2022, we expect operating results for our OPG segment to improve on a marginal increase in revenue. This expectation is based on better anticipated pricing, improved vessel utilization and increased diving activities more than offsetting lower year-over-year contribution from our Angola riserless light well intervention campaign.
Integrity Management & Digital Solutions. For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, our IMDS operating results were higher primarily due to 2020 charges of $128 million for goodwill impairment, asset impairment and write-offs, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, operating results for the year ended December 31, 2021 were higher, as compared to the prior year, due to operating efficiencies implemented since the beginning of 2020.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, our IMDS operating results were lower primarily due to 2020 charges of $128 million for goodwill impairment, asset impairment and write-offs, and other expenses as compared to 2019 charges of $49 million for goodwill and asset impairments, write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment, intangible assets and inventory, and other expenses. Exclusive of those charges, operating results for the year ended December 31, 2020 were higher, as compared to the prior year, due to improved operating efficiencies instituted in the fourth quarter of 2019 and in the first three quarters of 2020.
We anticipate our 2022 operating results for IMDS to improve on higher revenue, with consistent operating margins. We continue to see global opportunities for renewals and business expansion, particularly in the U.K. and West Africa.
Aerospace and Defense Technologies.
Revenue, gross margin and operating income information for our ADTech segment are as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 366,995 | $ | 341,073 | $ | 319,070 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 82,595 | 71,794 | 60,462 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin % | 23 | % | 21 | % | 19 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating Income | 60,992 | 56,023 | 42,574 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income % | 17 | % | 16 | % | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020, our ADTech segment operating results were higher on higher levels of revenue due to increased activity in defense subsea technologies.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019, our ADTech segment operating results were higher on higher levels of revenue due to increased activity in both defense subsea technologies and space systems.
We project our ADTech 2022 revenue to be higher, producing improved operating results. We anticipate growth in all of our government-focused businesses.
Unallocated Expenses. Our unallocated expenses, (i.e., those not associated with a specific business segment), within gross margin consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock units, performance units and bonuses, as well as other general expenses. Our unallocated
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expenses within operating expenses consist of those expenses within gross margin plus general and administrative expenses related to corporate functions.
The following table sets forth our unallocated expenses for the periods indicated:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin expenses | $ | (93,702) | $ | (80,804) | $ | (88,384) | ||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 5 | % | 4 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | (131,960) | (120,677) | (128,104) | |||||||||||||||||
| % of revenue | 7 | % | 7 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Our unallocated expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased compared to 2020, primarily as a result of increased accruals in 2021 for incentive-based compensation combined with increased health care and information technology costs.
Our unallocated expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased compared to 2019, primarily as a result of reduced accruals in 2020 for incentive-based compensation.
We anticipate unallocated expenses in 2022 to average in the mid-$30 million range per quarter, due primarily to higher information technology costs and higher costs due to inflation as compared to 2021.
Other. The following table sets forth our significant financial statement items below the income (loss) from operations line:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 2,477 | $ | 3,083 | $ | 7,893 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | (38,810) | (43,900) | (42,711) | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity earnings (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | 594 | 2,268 | 1,331 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (9,769) | (14,269) | (6,621) | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 43,598 | (2,146) | 17,623 | |||||||||||||||||
Interest income for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 as compared to prior years, decreased primarily due to lower interest rates and reduction of interest income related to dollar-denominated Angolan bonds that have been redeemed.
Interest expense decreased for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020, primarily due to repurchases of $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Senior Notes. Interest expense increased for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to capitalized interest of $3.4 million in 2019 associated with the new-build vessel, the Ocean Evolution, described under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below that was not replicated in 2020. We have not capitalized interest since 2019.
In addition to interest on borrowings, interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, includes amortization of loan costs and interest rate swap gains, fees for lender commitments under our revolving credit agreement and fees for standby letters of credit and bank guarantees that banks issue on our behalf for performance bonds, bid bonds and self-insurance requirements.
In 2022, we expect interest expense, net of interest income, to be approximately $38 million. We do not anticipate capitalizing interest on any long-lived assets in 2022.
Included in other income (expense), net are foreign currency transaction losses of $8.4 million, $14 million, and $6.3 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Foreign currency losses in 2021 primarily related to the Angolan kwanza and were principally due to declining exchange rates for the Angolan kwanza, which devalued its currency by 13%. The currency losses in 2020 primarily related to the Angolan kwanza and Brazilian real. Foreign currency losses in 2020 related to the Angolan kwanza were primarily due to declining exchange rates for the Angolan kwanza, which devalued its currency by 36%. Foreign currency losses in 2020 related to the Brazilian real were primarily due to the remeasurement of our U.S. dollar denominated liability balances to the Brazilian real. The currency losses in 2019 primarily related to declining exchange rates for the Angolan kwanza, which devalued its
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currency by 55% in 2019. We could incur further foreign currency exchange losses in Angolan kwanza, the Brazilian real and other currencies, if currency devaluations occur.
Our tax provision is based on (1) our earnings for the period and other factors affecting the tax provision and (2) the operations of foreign branches and subsidiaries that are subject to local income and withholding taxes. Factors that affect our tax rate include our profitability levels in general and the geographical mix of our results. The effective tax rate for the 12-month periods ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was different than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the geographical mix of revenue and earnings, changes in valuation allowances and uncertain tax positions, and other discrete items; therefore, we do not believe a discussion of the effective tax rate is meaningful. We continue to make an assertion to indefinitely reinvest the unrepatriated earnings of any foreign subsidiary that would incur incremental tax consequences upon the distribution of such earnings.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in the United States. In accordance with the rules and procedures under the CARES Act, we filed certain refund claims to carry back a portion of our U.S. net operating loss. Prior to enactment of the CARES Act, such net operating losses could only be carried forward. As a result, we expect to receive combined refunds of approximately $33 million, of which we have received $10 million as of December 31, 2021. The remaining refunds are classified as accounts receivable, net, in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.
We continue to believe it is more likely than not that we would not be able to utilize all of our deferred tax assets. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we recorded an additional valuation allowance of $87 million and $315 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively.
In 2022, our income tax payments, estimated to total between $40 million and $45 million, which include taxes incurred in countries that impose tax on the basis of in-country revenue, without regard to the profitability of such operations. These cash tax payments do not include expected refunds of approximately $23 million under the CARES Act.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We consider our liquidity and capital resources adequate to support our operations, capital commitments and growth initiatives. As of December 31, 2021, we had working capital of $687 million, including cash and cash equivalents of $538 million. Additionally, we had $450 million available through our revolving credit facility under a credit agreement further described below.
Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (as defined below) provided for a $500 million revolving credit facility until October 25, 2021 and thereafter provides for $450 million until January 25, 2023 with a group of banks. Our revolving credit facility provided under the Credit Agreement was undrawn as of December 31, 2021, and remains undrawn as of the date of this report, and our nearest maturity of indebtedness is $400 million of our 4.650% Senior Notes due in November 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”). In 2021, we repurchased $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Senior Notes in open-market transactions. We may, from time to time, complete additional limited repurchases of the 2024 Notes, via open-market or privately negotiated repurchase transactions or otherwise, prior to their maturity date. We can provide no assurances as to the timing of any such additional repurchases or whether we will complete any such repurchases at all. We do not intend to disclose further information regarding any such repurchase transactions, except to the extent required in our subsequent periodic filings on Forms 10-K or 10-Q, or unless otherwise required by applicable law.
Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in Cash: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | $ | 225,314 | $ | 136,647 | $ | 157,569 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (34,157) | (52,590) | (134,787) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Financing Activities | (101,682) | (1,699) | (2,299) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash | (3,377) | (3,997) | (1,087) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 86,098 | $ | 78,361 | $ | 19,396 | |||||||||||||||||
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Operating activities
Our principal source of cash from operating activities is our net income (loss), adjusted for noncash items. Our primary sources and uses of cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (49,307) | $ | (496,751) | $ | (348,444) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncash adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization, including goodwill impairment | 139,723 | 528,895 | 263,427 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss on impairment of long-lived assets | — | 70,445 | 159,353 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Evergrande loss, net | 29,549 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax provision (benefit) | (1,798) | (4,158) | (12,268) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory write-downs | — | 7,038 | 21,285 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other noncash | 7,475 | 6,167 | 7,419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total noncash adjustments | 174,949 | 608,387 | 439,216 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable and contract assets | 41,099 | 125,541 | (17,561) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | 7,313 | 26,466 | (11,777) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 63,051 | (138,932) | 76,552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other changes | (11,791) | 11,936 | 19,583 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | $ | 225,314 | $ | 136,647 | $ | 157,569 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 of $225 million, $137 million and $158 million, respectively, was affected by the following:
•Accounts receivable and contract assets - The increase in cash related to accounts receivable and contract assets in 2021 and 2020 reflects the timing of project milestones and customer payments. The decrease in cash related to accounts receivable and contract assets in 2019 reflects higher business activity in the fourth quarter due to commencement of new projects, along with timing of project milestones and customer payments.
•Inventory - The increase in cash related to inventory in 2021 was primarily due to higher project activity in the fourth quarter of 2021 as we worked through backlog orders awarded prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in our Manufactured Products segment. The increase in cash related to inventory as of December 31, 2020 corresponds with a decrease in our backlog. The decrease in cash related to inventory as of December 31, 2019 was primarily due to increases in Manufactured Products inventory related to increases in backlog.
•Current liabilities - The increase in cash in 2021 reflects the timing of vendor payments and increased contract liabilities due to an increase in deferred customer prepayments. The decrease in cash related to changes in current liabilities in 2020 reflected the timing of vendor payments, lower contract liabilities due to a decrease in deferred customer prepayments, and the annual employee incentive payments related to attainment of specific performance goals in prior periods. The increase in cash related to changes in current liabilities in 2019 reflected higher business activity in the fourth quarter and primarily the timing of vendor payments for related goods and services.
Investing activities
In 2021, we used $34 million in net investing activities, primarily for capital expenditures of $50 million. Our 2021 capital expenditures included $28 million in our Subsea Robotics segment to upgrade our fleet of work-class ROVs and $8.0 million in our OPG segment to add capabilities and maintain current operations. These outlays were partially offset by $4.5 million of proceeds received from the sale of a portion of our Angolan bonds and $7.1 million of proceeds received from the sale of various assets.
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In 2020, we used $53 million in net investing activities, primarily for capital expenditures of $61 million. Our 2020 capital expenditures included $34 million in our OPG segment to add capabilities and maintain current operations and $15 million in our Subsea Robotics segment to upgrade our fleet of work-class ROVs.
In 2019, we used $135 million in net investing activities, primarily for capital expenditures of $148 million. Our 2019 capital expenditures included $73 million in our Subsea Robotics segment to upgrade 13 of our work-class ROVs, $18 million in our Manufactured Products segment to add capabilities and maintain current operations and $42 million in our Offshore Projects Group segment, which included completion of the multiservice vessel (“MSV”) Ocean Evolution, which was placed in service in the second quarter of 2019.
Our priority continues to be generating cash. In 2022, we expect our organic capital expenditures to total between $70 million and $90 million, exclusive of business acquisitions. This includes approximately $40 million to $45 million of maintenance capital expenditures and $30 million to $45 million of growth capital expenditures. We remain committed to maintaining strong liquidity and believe that our cash position, undrawn revolving credit facility, and debt maturity profile should provide us ample resources and time to address potential future growth opportunities and to improve our returns.
Our capital expenditures during 2021, 2020 and 2019 included $28 million, $15 million and $73 million, respectively, in our Subsea Robotics segment, principally for upgrades to our ROV fleet and to replace certain units we retired. We currently plan to add new ROVs only to meet contractual commitments. In 2021, we retired ten of our conventional workclass ROV systems and replaced them with seven upgraded conventional workclass ROV systems and three IsurusTM workclass ROV systems (which are capable of operating in severe conditions and are ideal for renewables projects and high-speed surveys). We added three and 13 ROVs to our fleet and retired three and 38 units during 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our ROV fleet size was 250 as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
We previously had several deepwater vessels under long-term charter. The last of our long-term charters expired in March 2018. We now have a mix of short-term charters where we can see firm workload and spot charters as market opportunities arise.
We placed our new-build, Jones Act-compliant, MSV Ocean Evolution into service during the second quarter of 2019. The Ocean Evolution is U.S.-flagged and documented with a coastwise endorsement by the U.S. Coast Guard. The vessel has an overall length of 353 feet, a Class 2 dynamic positioning system, accommodations for 110 personnel, a helideck, a 250-ton active heave-compensated crane, a working moonpool, and two of our high specification 4,000 meter work-class ROVs. The vessel has five low-emission Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) Tier 4 diesel engines. The Tier 4 rating is the EPA’s strictest emission requirements for non-road diesel engines. The vessel is also equipped with a satellite communications system capable of transmitting streaming video for real-time work observation by shore-based personnel. The vessel is being used to augment our ability to provide subsea intervention services in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. These services are required to perform IMR projects and hardware installations. Due to market conditions that no longer support the prior valuation for this asset, in the fourth quarter of 2019, we determined that the carrying amount of the Ocean Evolution exceeded the fair value and recorded impairment expense of $101 million.
In 2010, we acquired a vessel, which we renamed the Ocean Patriot, and converted it to a dynamically positioned saturation diving and ROV service vessel. We installed a 12-man saturation (“SAT”) diving system and one work-class ROV on the vessel, and we placed the vessel into service in December 2011. Due to market conditions that no longer support the prior valuation for this asset, in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the 1st quarter of 2020, we determined that the carrying amount of the Ocean Patriot exceeded the fair value and recorded impairment expense of $31 million and $3.9 million, respectively.
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Financing activities
In 2021 we used $102 million of cash in financing activities primarily due to repurchases of $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Senior Notes in open-market transactions. In 2020 and 2019, we used $1.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in financing activities.
In November 2014, we completed the public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”). We pay interest on the 2024 Senior Notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on November 15, 2024.
In February 2018, we completed the public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 6.000% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Senior Notes”). We pay interest on the 2028 Senior Notes on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2028 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on February 1, 2028. We used the net proceeds from the 2028 Senior Notes to repay our term loan indebtedness described further below.
We may redeem some or all of the 2024 Senior Notes and 2028 Senior Notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) at specified redemption prices. In 2021, we repurchased $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Senior Notes in open-market transactions. The aggregate purchase price in the year ended December 31, 2021 included accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date of $0.7 million and we recorded loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million (including premiums and fees associated with the repurchases).
In October 2014, we entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of banks. The Credit Agreement initially provided for a $500 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Subject to certain conditions, the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be increased by up to $300 million at any time upon agreement between us and existing or additional lenders. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement also provided for a $300 million term loan, which we repaid in full in February 2018, using net proceeds from the issuance of our 2028 Senior Notes referred to above, and cash on hand.
In February 2018, we entered into Agreement and Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 4”). Amendment No. 4 amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to January 25, 2023 with the extending lenders, which represent 90% of the existing commitments of the lenders, such that the total commitments for the Revolving Credit Facility was $500 million until October 25, 2021, and thereafter $450 million until January 25, 2023.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at an Adjusted Base Rate or the Eurodollar Rate (both as defined in the Credit Agreement), at our option, plus an applicable margin based on our Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and, at our election, based on the ratings of our senior unsecured debt by designated ratings services, thereafter to be based on such debt ratings. The applicable margin varies: (1) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Adjusted Base Rate, from 0.125% to 0.750%; and (2) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Eurodollar Rate, from 1.125% to 1.750%. The Adjusted Base Rate is the highest of (1) the per annum rate established by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the daily one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 1%. We pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.125% to 0.300% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on our Leverage Ratio. The commitment fees are included as interest expense in our consolidated financial statements.
The Credit Agreement contains various covenants that we believe are customary for agreements of this nature, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability and the ability of each of our subsidiaries to incur debt, grant liens, make certain investments, make distributions, merge or consolidate, sell assets and enter into certain restrictive agreements. We are also subject to a maximum adjusted total Capitalization Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement and which stipulates that, among other items, we exclude any impacts associated with current and prior-period impairments) of 55%. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and associated remedies. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement.
We had two interest rate swaps in place relating to a total of $200 million of the 2024 Senior Notes for the period to November 2024. The agreements swapped the fixed interest rate of 4.65% on $100 million of the 2024 Senior Notes to the floating rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one-month LIBOR plus 2.823%. In March 2020, we settled both interest rate swaps with the counterparty for cash proceeds of $13 million. The settlement resulted in a $13 million increase to our long-term debt balance that will be amortized to interest expense prospectively through the maturity date for the 2024 Senior Notes using the effective interest method. As a
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result, we amortized $4.3 million to interest expense, including $1.8 million for the pro-rata write-off of interest rate swap settlement gains associated with the 2024 Senior Notes repurchases discussed above, for the year ended December 31, 2021. We amortized $2.0 million to interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 9—”Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a description of these interest rate swaps.
We incurred $6.9 million and $4.2 million of issuance costs related to the 2024 Senior Notes and the 2028 Senior Notes, respectively, and $3.0 million of new loan costs, including costs of the amendments prior to Amendment No. 4, related to the Credit Agreement. These costs, net of accumulated amortization, are included as a reduction of long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, as they pertain to the Senior Notes, and in other noncurrent assets as they pertain to the Credit Agreement. We are amortizing these costs to interest expense through the respective maturity dates for the Senior Notes and to January 2023 for the Credit Agreement using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest rate method.
Our maximum outstanding indebtedness during 2021 under the Credit Agreement and the Senior Notes was $800 million, and our total interest costs, including commitment fees, were $39 million.
We have not guaranteed any debt not reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and we do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined by SEC rules.
In December 2014, our Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock on a discretionary basis. The program calls for any repurchases to be made in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subject to market and business conditions, levels of available liquidity, cash requirements for other purposes, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. Under this program, in 2015, we repurchased 2.0 million shares of our common stock for $100 million. We have not repurchased any shares under the program since December 2015. As of December 31, 2021, we retained 11 million of the shares we had repurchased through this and a prior repurchase program. We account for the shares we hold in treasury under the cost method, at average cost. The timing and amount of any future repurchases will be determined by our management. We expect that any additional shares repurchased under the plan will be held as treasury stock for possible future use. The plan does not obligate us to repurchase any particular number of shares.
Because of our significant foreign operations, we are exposed to currency fluctuations and exchange rate risks. A stronger U.S. dollar against any of the foreign currencies where we conduct business could result in lower operating income. We generally minimize these risks primarily through matching, to the extent possible, revenue and expense in the various currencies in which we operate. Cumulative translation adjustments as of December 31, 2021 relate primarily to our net investments in, including long-term loans to, our foreign subsidiaries. See Item 7A—“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have based the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations on our consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These principles require us to make various estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the periods we present. We base our estimates on historical experience, available information and other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates; however, our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The following discussion summarizes the accounting policies we believe (1) require our management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and (2) are the most critical to our reporting of results of operations and financial position. See Note 1—“Summary of Major Accounting Policies” in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for discussion of our significant accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition. We account for significant fixed-price contracts, mainly relating to our Manufactured Products segment, and to a lesser extent in our Offshore Projects Group and Aerospace and Defense Technologies segments, by recognizing revenue over time using an input, cost-to-cost measurement percentage-of-completion method. We use the input cost-to-cost method to measure progress toward satisfaction of an over-time performance obligation. This commonly used method is based on the premise that costs incurred are proportionate to progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation and is measured by comparing project costs-to-date to total estimated costs. The performance obligation is satisfied as we create a product on behalf of the customer over the
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life of the contract. The remainder of our revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, thus satisfying the performance obligation.
We apply judgment in the determination and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations, and the subsequent recognition of revenue, based on the facts and circumstances of each contract. We routinely review estimates related to our contracts and, where required, reflect revisions to profitability in earnings immediately. If an element of variable consideration has the potential for a significant future reversal of revenue, we will constrain that variable consideration to a level intended to remove the potential future reversal. If a current estimate of total contract cost indicates an ultimate loss on a contract, we recognize the projected loss in full when we determine it. We did not have any material adjustments during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 or 2019.
Property and Equipment, Long-lived Intangible Assets and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets. We periodically, and upon the occurrence of a triggering event, review the realizability of our property and equipment, long-lived intangible assets and right-of-use operating lease assets to determine whether any events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, we base our evaluation on impairment indicators such as the nature of the assets, the future economic benefits of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements and other external market conditions or factors that may be present. If such impairment indicators are present or other factors exist that indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we determine whether an impairment has occurred through the use of an undiscounted cash flows analysis of the asset at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist. If an impairment has occurred, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset.
Our estimates of fair values for our asset groups require us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable value.
We did not identify any triggering events and, accordingly, no impairments of long-lived assets were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021. In the years ending December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized long-lived asset impairment losses of $70 million and $159 million, respectively. See Note 5—“Impairments” and Note 11—“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area” in the Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further discussion of these impairments.
Income Taxes. Our tax provisions are based on our expected taxable income, statutory rates and tax-planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws. We are at risk that a taxing authority's final determination of our tax liabilities may differ from our interpretation.
We account for any applicable interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes on our financial statements. Current income tax expense represents either nonresident withholding taxes or the liabilities expected to be reflected on our income tax returns for the current year, while the net deferred income tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets or liabilities as reported on our balance sheet.
We establish valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future. Provisions for valuation allowances impact our income tax provision in the period in which such adjustments are identified and recorded.
Allowance for Credit Loss—Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Costs. We use the loss-rate method in developing the allowance for credit losses which involves identifying pools of assets with similar risk characteristics, reviewing historical loss experiences for the last three years and considering the economic environment of our customers, both from a marketplace and geographic perspective, in evaluating the need for an allowance. Based on our review of these factors, we establish or adjust allowances for our customers. Our results of operations could be affected by adjustments to the allowance for credit loss due to actual write-offs that differ from estimated amounts. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized credit losses of $53 million and $11 million, respectively for receivables and contract assets.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2021, we had payments due under contractual obligations as follows:
44
| (dollars in thousands) | Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2022 | 2023-2024 | 2025-2026 | After 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt | $ | 700,000 | $ | — | $ | 400,000 | $ | — | $ | 300,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Lease Liabilities | 236,156 | 28,619 | 47,841 | 44,868 | 114,828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Obligations | 301,796 | 282,428 | 18,772 | 52 | 544 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-term Obligations reflected on our Balance Sheet under U.S. GAAP | 40,015 | 92 | 219 | 281 | 39,423 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL | $ | 1,277,967 | $ | 311,139 | $ | 466,832 | $ | 45,201 | $ | 454,795 | |||||||||||||||||||
Pursuant to a service agreement we entered into with our Chairman of the Board of Directors, we are obligated to provide for medical coverage on an after-tax basis to him, his spouse and two adult children for their lives. Our total accrued liabilities, current and long-term, under this post-employment benefit were $1.8 million as of both December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Effects of Inflation and Changing Prices
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, using historical U.S. dollar accounting, or historical cost. Statements based on historical cost, however, do not adequately reflect the cumulative effect of increasing costs and changes in the purchasing power of the dollar, especially during times of significant and continued inflation.
In order to minimize the negative impact of inflation on our operations, we attempt to cover the increased cost of anticipated changes in labor, material and service costs, either through an estimate of those changes, which we reflect in the original price, or through price escalation clauses in our contracts. Due to the protracted downturn and over-capacity in the energy market in which we compete, pricing has been challenging; however, our success in achieving price escalation clauses has improved. Inflation has not had a material effect on our revenue or income from operations in the past three years, but could have a material impact on our results in the future.
45
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are currently exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions we have entered into in the normal course of business. These risks relate to interest rate changes and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Except for our exposure in Angola, we do not believe these risks are material. We have not entered into any market-risk-sensitive instruments for speculative or trading purposes. When we have a significant amount of borrowings, we typically manage our exposure to interest rate changes through the use of a combination of fixed- and floating-rate debt. See Note 9—“Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a description of our revolving credit facility and interest rates on our borrowings. We had two interest rate swaps in place relating to a total of $200 million of the 2024 Senior Notes. These agreements swapped the fixed interest rate of 4.650% on $100 million of the 2024 Senior Notes to the floating rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one-month LIBOR plus 2.823%. In March 2020, we terminated these interest rate swaps. See Note 9—“Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information regarding these interest rate swaps. We believe significant interest rate changes would not have a material near-term impact on our future earnings or cash flows.
Because we operate in various regions in the world, we conduct a portion of our business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for most of our international operations is the applicable local currency. A stronger U.S. dollar against the U.K. pound sterling, the Norwegian kroner and the Brazilian real could result in lower operating income. We manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates principally through arranging compensation in U.S. dollars or freely convertible currency and, to the extent possible, by limiting compensation received in other currencies to amounts necessary to meet obligations denominated in those currencies. We use the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date to translate assets and liabilities when the functional currency is the local currency, resulting in translation adjustments that we reflect as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss in the equity section of our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We recorded net adjustments to our equity accounts of $(7.3) million, $(25) million and $5.3 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Negative adjustments reflect the net impact of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against various foreign currencies for locations where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Conversely, positive adjustments reflect the effect of a weakening U.S. dollar.
We recorded foreign currency transaction gains (losses) of $(8.4) million, $(14) million and $(6.3) million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We recorded foreign currency transaction losses related to the Angolan kwanza and Brazilian real as a component of other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in those respective periods. Foreign currency gains (losses) related to the Brazilian real of $(0.2) million, $(7.3) million, and $(0.7) million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our U.S. dollar denominated liability balances to the Brazilian real. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) related to the Angolan kwanza of $(4.5) million, $(2.8) million and $(4.8) million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our Angolan kwanza cash balances to U.S. dollars. Angola devalued its currency by 13%, 36% and 55% in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Any conversion of cash balances from kwanza to U.S. dollars is controlled by the central bank in Angola. During 2021 and 2020, we were able to repatriate $4.5 million and $11 million, respectively, of cash from Angola.
As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had the equivalent of approximately $1.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of kwanza cash balances in Angola, reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
To mitigate our currency exposure risk in Angola, we have used kwanza to purchase equivalent Angolan central bank (Banco Nacional de Angola) bonds. The bonds are denominated as U.S. dollar equivalents, so that, upon payment of semi-annual interest and principal upon maturity, payment is made in kwanza, equivalent to the respective U.S. dollars at the then-current exchange rate. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $6.2 million and $10 million, respectively, of Angolan bonds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold a portion of these bonds for $4.5 million. Because we intend to sell the bonds if we are able to repatriate the proceeds, we have classified these bonds as available-for-sale securities, and they are recorded in other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We estimated the fair market value of the Angolan bonds to be $6.4 million and $10 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, using quoted market prices. Since the market for the Angolan bonds is not an active market, the fair value of the Angolan bonds is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP. As of December 31, 2021, we have $0.2 million in unrealized gains, net of tax, related to these bonds as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
46
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
In this report, our consolidated financial statements and supplementary data appear following the signature page to this report and are incorporated into this item by reference.
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2021 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We developed our internal control over financial reporting through a process in which our management applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of various controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the control objectives. You should note that the design of any system of controls is based in part on various assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any system of controls will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). This evaluation included a review of the documentation surrounding our financial reporting controls, an evaluation of the design effectiveness of these controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of these controls and an evaluation of our overall control environment. Based on that evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our financial statements, has audited our internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report that follows.
47
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Oceaneering International, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Oceaneering International, Inc. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Oceaneering International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and our report dated February 25, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP | |||||
| Houston, Texas | |||||
February 25, 2022 | |||||
48
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
Part III
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information with respect to the directors and nominees for election to our Board of Directors is incorporated by reference from the section “Election of Directors” in our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2021, relating to our 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Information concerning our Audit Committee and the audit committee financial experts is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance” and “Committees of the Board – Audit Committee” in the proxy statement referred to in this Item 10. Information concerning our Code of Ethics is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Code of Ethics” for the Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers in the proxy statement previously referred to in this Item 10.
The information with respect to our executive officers is provided under the heading “Executive Officers of the Registrant” following Item 1 of Part I of this report. There are no family relationships between any of our directors or executive officers.
The information with respect to the reporting by our directors and executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of our Common Stock under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is incorporated by reference from the section entitled "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the proxy statement previously referred to in this Item 10.
Item 11.Executive Compensation.
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Report of the Compensation Committee,” “Compensation of Executive Officers,” and “Compensation of Nonemployee Directors” in the proxy statement referred to in Item 10 above.
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference from (1) the Equity Compensation Plan Information table appearing in Item 5 – “Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in Part II of this report and (2) the section “Security Ownership of Management and Certain Beneficial Owners” in the proxy statement referred to in Item 10 above.
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Corporate Governance” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” in the proxy statement referred to in Item 10 above.
Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Ratification of Appointment of Independent Auditors – Fees Incurred for Audit and Other Services provided by Ernst & Young LLP” in the proxy statement referred to in Item 10 above.
49
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Documents filed as part of this report.
1. Financial Statements:
(i) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets
(iii) Consolidated Statements of Operations
(iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(vi) Consolidated Statements of Equity
(vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules:
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission have been omitted because they are not required under the relevant instructions or because the required information is not significant.
3. Exhibits:
Exhibit Index
| Registration or File Number | Form of Report | Report Date | Exhibit Number | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 3.01 | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2000 | 3.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 3.02 | 1-10945 | 8-K | May 2008 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 3.03 | 1-10945 | 8-K | May 2014 | 3.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 3.04 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Aug. 2020 | 3.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.02 | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Sep. 2018 | 4.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.03 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Oct. 2014 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.04 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Nov. 2015 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.05 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Nov. 2016 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.06 | 1-10945 | 8-K | June 2017 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.07 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2018 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.08 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Nov. 2014 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50
| * | 4.09 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Nov. 2014 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 4.10 | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2018 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| We and certain of our consolidated subsidiaries are parties to debt instruments under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of our total consolidated assets. Pursuant to paragraph 4(iii)(A) of Item 601(b) of Regulation S-K, we agree to furnish a copy of those instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission on request. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.01 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Dec. 2006 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.02 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Dec. 2008 | 10.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.03 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | May 2006 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.04 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Dec. 2008 | 10.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.05 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2018 | 10.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.06 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2018 | 10.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.07 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Dec. 2008 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.08 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Dec. 2008 | 10.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.09 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Aug. 2015 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.10 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | May 2011 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.11 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | May 2011 | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.12 | + | 1-10945 | DEF 14A | Mar. 2017 | Appendix A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.13 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Mar. 2019 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.14 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Mar. 2019 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51
| * | 10.15 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2018 | 10.31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.16 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2020 | 10.18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.17 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2020 | 10.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.18 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2021 | 10.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.19 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2018 | 10.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.20 | + | 1-10945 | 10-K | Dec. 2018 | 10.32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.21 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2020 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.22 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2020 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.23 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2021 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.24 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2021 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.25 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2021 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.26 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2021 | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.27 | + | 1-10945 | 8-K | Feb. 2021 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.28 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2019 | 10.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.29 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2019 | 10.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.30 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2019 | 10.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.31 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2019 | 10.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.32 | + | 1-10945 | 10-Q | Jun. 2019 | 10.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | 10.33 | + | 333-238325 | S-8 | May 2020 | 4.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Exhibit previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as indicated, and incorporated herein by reference. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| + | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
Oceaneering has elected not to include a summary of this report.
53
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. | ||||||||||||||
| Date: | February 25, 2022 | By: | /S/ RODERICK A.LARSON | |||||||||||
| Roderick A. Larson | ||||||||||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | |||||||||
| /S/ RODERICK A. LARSON | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Roderick A. Larson | (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||||
| /S/ ALAN R. CURTIS | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Alan R. Curtis | (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||||
| /S/ WITLAND J. LEBLANC, JR. | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Witland J. LeBlanc, Jr. | (Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||||
| /S/ T. JAY COLLINS | Chairman of the Board | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
| T. Jay Collins | |||||||||||
| /S/ KAREN H. BEACHY | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Karen H. Beachy | |||||||||||
| /S/ WILLIAM B. BERRY | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
William B. Berry | |||||||||||
| /S/ DEANNA L. GOODWIN | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Deanna L. Goodwin | |||||||||||
| /S/ M. KEVIN MCEVOY | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
M. Kevin McEvoy | |||||||||||
| /S/ PAUL B. MURPHY, JR. | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Paul B. Murphy, Jr. | |||||||||||
| /S/ JON ERIK REINHARDSEN | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Jon Erik Reinhardsen | |||||||||||
| /S/ KAVITHA VELUSAMY | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
| Kavitha Velusamy | |||||||||||
| /S/ STEVEN A. WEBSTER | Director | February 25, 2022 | |||||||||
Steven A. Webster | |||||||||||
54
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES
Index to Financial Statements
(PCAOB ID: 42) | ||||||||
Index to Schedules
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission have been omitted because they are not required under the relevant instructions or because the required information is not significant.
55
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Oceaneering International, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Oceaneering International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 25, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.
56
Revenues recognized over-time utilizing cost to cost inputs
Description of the Matter | For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized 16% of its revenues utilizing the cost-to-cost input method. As discussed in Note 1 of the financial statements, the Company generally recognizes estimated contract revenue based on costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated costs. Auditing management’s calculation of revenues recognized under the cost to cost method was complex and subjective due to the significant estimation required in determining the estimated costs remaining on the project. In particular, the estimates of remaining costs associated with materials and labor are sensitive and may be impacted by factors outside of the Company’s control. | |||||||
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s process for revenues utilizing the cost to cost input method, including management’s review of the estimated costs to complete and associated revenues. To test the estimated costs to complete, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing the appropriate application of the revenue recognition method utilized, and testing the significant assumptions discussed above and the underlying data used by the Company in its estimation process. We compared the significant assumptions used by management to external and internal information, such as vendor quotes and invoices, manufacturing schedules, purchase orders, manufacturing bills of lading, and other similar support. Additionally, we assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates through a lookback analysis of prior estimates of costs to complete compared to actual results. | |||||||
| /s/ | Ernst & Young LLP | ||||||||||
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002. | |||||||||||
| Houston, Texas | |||||||||||
February 25, 2022 | |||||||||||
57
OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except share data) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 538,114 | $ | 452,016 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $1,210 and $4,466 | 262,960 | 296,214 | ||||||||||||
| Contract assets | 164,847 | 221,997 | ||||||||||||
| Inventory, net | 153,682 | 141,241 | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 68,400 | 58,795 | ||||||||||||
| Total Current Assets | 1,188,003 | 1,170,263 | ||||||||||||
| Property and equipment, at cost | 2,452,421 | 2,456,602 | ||||||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | 1,962,825 | 1,865,495 | ||||||||||||
| Net property and equipment | 489,596 | 591,107 | ||||||||||||
| Other Assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 34,908 | 35,016 | ||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets | 104,255 | 108,250 | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 146,097 | 141,206 | ||||||||||||
| Total other assets | 285,260 | 284,472 | ||||||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 1,962,859 | $ | 2,045,842 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 122,327 | $ | 94,207 | ||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 290,659 | 292,863 | ||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 88,175 | 50,046 | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 501,161 | 437,116 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 702,067 | 805,251 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 158,503 | 156,074 | ||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 90,104 | 89,244 | ||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||||||||
| Equity: | ||||||||||||||
Common Stock, par value $0.25 per share; 360,000,000 shares authorized; 110,834,088 shares issued | 27,709 | 27,709 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 173,608 | 192,492 | ||||||||||||
Treasury stock; 11,033,098 and 11,525,725 shares, at cost | (631,811) | (660,021) | ||||||||||||
| Retained earnings | 1,301,913 | 1,351,220 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (366,458) | (359,306) | ||||||||||||
| Oceaneering shareholders' equity | 504,961 | 552,094 | ||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | 6,063 | 6,063 | ||||||||||||
| Total equity | 511,024 | 558,157 | ||||||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 1,962,859 | $ | 2,045,842 | ||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of services and products | 1,605,210 | 1,663,948 | 1,949,880 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | 264,065 | 163,941 | 98,244 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expense | 224,266 | 195,695 | 214,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-lived assets impairments | — | 70,445 | 159,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | — | 343,880 | 14,713 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 39,799 | (446,079) | (290,713) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2,477 | 3,083 | 7,893 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | (38,810) | (43,900) | (42,711) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates | 594 | 2,268 | 1,331 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (9,769) | (14,269) | (6,621) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (5,709) | (498,897) | (330,821) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 43,598 | (2,146) | 17,623 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income (Loss) | $ | (49,307) | $ | (496,751) | $ | (348,444) | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 99,706 | 99,233 | 98,876 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 99,706 | 99,233 | 98,876 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | (0.49) | $ | (5.01) | $ | (3.52) | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | (0.49) | $ | (5.01) | $ | (3.52) | |||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (49,307) | $ | (496,751) | $ | (348,444) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | (7,339) | (25,209) | 5,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Change in unrealized gains for available-for-sale debt securities (1) | 187 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (7,152) | (25,209) | 5,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (56,459) | $ | (521,960) | $ | (343,164) | |||||||||||||||||
(1) | There is no net income tax expense or benefit associated with the year ended December 31, 2021 due to a valuation allowance offset. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (49,307) | $ | (496,751) | $ | (348,444) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization, including goodwill impairment | 139,723 | 528,895 | 263,427 | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on impairment of long-lived assets | — | 70,445 | 159,353 | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Evergrande loss, net | 29,549 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax provision (benefit) | (1,798) | (4,158) | (12,268) | |||||||||||||||||
| Inventory write-downs | — | 7,038 | 21,285 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (gain) on sales of property and equipment and other | 769 | 1,521 | (7,664) | |||||||||||||||||
| Noncash compensation | 11,008 | 8,681 | 11,432 | |||||||||||||||||
| Noncash impact of lease accounting | (4,302) | (4,035) | 3,651 | |||||||||||||||||
| Excluding the effects of acquisitions, increase (decrease) in cash from: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable and contract assets | 41,099 | 125,541 | (17,561) | |||||||||||||||||
| Inventory | 7,313 | 26,466 | (11,777) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from interest rate swaps | — | 12,840 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating assets | (14,498) | 3,638 | 16,246 | |||||||||||||||||
| Currency translation effect on working capital, excluding cash | 6 | 8,927 | 5,533 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities | 63,051 | (138,932) | 76,552 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other operating liabilities | 2,701 | (13,469) | (2,196) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total adjustments to net income (loss) | 274,621 | 633,398 | 506,013 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 225,314 | 136,647 | 157,569 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (50,199) | (60,687) | (147,684) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from redemption of investments in Angolan bonds | 4,486 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Distributions of capital from unconsolidated affiliates | 3,298 | 6,207 | 3,388 | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 7,101 | 1,890 | 9,509 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investing activities | 1,157 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (34,157) | (52,590) | (134,787) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of 2024 Senior Notes | (100,000) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Other financing activities | (1,682) | (1,699) | (2,299) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Cash Used in Financing Activities | (101,682) | (1,699) | (2,299) | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rates on cash | (3,377) | (3,997) | (1,087) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 86,098 | 78,361 | 19,396 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents—Beginning of Period | 452,016 | 373,655 | 354,259 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents—End of Period | $ | 538,114 | $ | 452,016 | $ | 373,655 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
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OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Treasury Stock | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Translation Adjustments | Oceaneering Shareholders' Equity | Noncontrolling Interest | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 27,709 | $ | 220,421 | $ | (704,066) | $ | 2,204,548 | $ | (339,377) | $ | 1,409,235 | $ | 6,063 | $ | 1,415,298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of ASC 842 adoption | — | — | — | (5,860) | — | (5,860) | — | (5,860) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | (348,444) | — | (348,444) | — | (348,444) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | 5,280 | 5,280 | — | 5,280 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock unit activity | — | (8,148) | 17,283 | — | — | 9,135 | — | 9,135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock activity | — | (5,143) | 5,143 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2019 | 27,709 | 207,130 | (681,640) | 1,850,244 | (334,097) | 1,069,346 | 6,063 | 1,075,409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative effect of ASC 326 adoption | — | — | — | (2,273) | — | (2,273) | — | (2,273) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | (496,751) | — | (496,751) | — | (496,751) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | (25,209) | (25,209) | — | (25,209) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock unit activity | — | (8,646) | 15,627 | — | — | 6,981 | — | 6,981 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock activity | — | (5,992) | 5,992 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2020 | 27,709 | 192,492 | (660,021) | 1,351,220 | (359,306) | 552,094 | 6,063 | 558,157 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | — | — | — | (49,307) | — | (49,307) | — | (49,307) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | — | — | — | — | (7,152) | (7,152) | — | (7,152) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock unit activity | — | (8,445) | 17,771 | — | — | 9,326 | — | 9,326 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock activity | — | (10,439) | 10,439 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 27,709 | $ | 173,608 | $ | (631,811) | $ | 1,301,913 | $ | (366,458) | $ | 504,961 | $ | 6,063 | $ | 511,024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
62
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Oceaneering International, Inc. (“Oceaneering,” “we,” “us” or “our”) and our 50% or more owned and controlled subsidiaries. We also consolidate entities that are determined to be variable interest entities if we determine that we are the primary beneficiary; otherwise, we account for those entities using the equity method of accounting. We use the equity method to account for our investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies of which we own an equity interest of between 20% and 50% and as to which we have significant influence, but not control, over operations. We use the cost method for all other long-term investments. Investments in entities that we do not consolidate are reflected on our balance sheet in other non-current assets. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires that our management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications. Certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of investment.
Allowance for Credit Loss—Financial Assets Measured at Amortized Costs. On January 1, 2020, we adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” as amended (“ASC 326”), which introduces a new credit reserving methodology known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model applies to financial assets measured at amortized costs, including accounts receivable, contract assets and held-to-maturity loan receivables. Under the CECL model, we identify allowances for credit loss based on future expected losses when accounts receivable, contract assets or held-to-maturity loan receivables are created rather than when losses are probable.
We use the loss-rate method in developing the allowance for credit losses, which involves identifying pools of assets with similar risk characteristics, reviewing historical losses within the last years and consideration of reasonable supportable forecasts of economic indicators. Changes in estimates, developing trends and other new information could have material effects on future evaluations.
We monitor the credit quality of our accounts receivable and other financing receivable amounts by frequent customer interaction, following economic and industry trends and reviewing specific customer data. Our other receivable amounts include contract assets and held-to-maturity loans receivable, which historically we consider to have a low risk of loss.
We are monitoring the impacts from the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak and volatility in the oil and natural gas markets on our customers and various counterparties. We have considered the current and expected economic and market conditions, as a result of COVID-19, in determining credit loss expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
As a result of the adoption of ASC 326, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $2.3 million as of January 1, 2020, which decreased retained earnings and increased the allowance for credit losses. We adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method. Prior periods were not restated. We had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $7.5 million as of December 31, 2019, which we determined using the specific identification method, in accordance with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. As of December 31, 2021, our allowance for credit losses was $0.9 million for accounts receivable and $0.3 million for other receivables. As of December 31, 2020, our allowance for credit losses was $3.9 million for accounts receivable and $0.6 million for other receivables.
63
Financial assets are written off when deemed uncollectible and there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 , we recognized credit losses of $53 million and $11 million, respectively. Approximately $50 million was reserved in the fourth quarter of 2021 and $3 million in prior periods for our 2021 credit losses. The 2021 credit losses included a reserve of $49 million in receivables and contract assets partially offset by the reclassification of $20 million of contract assets into salable inventory related to termination of a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with the China Evergrande Group and its affiliated companies (collectively, “Evergrande”) in our Manufactured Products segment. See Note 10—”Commitments and Contingencies” for discussion regarding Evergrande.
We have elected to apply the practical expedient available under ASC 326 to exclude the accrued interest receivable balance that is included in our held-to-maturity loans receivable. The amount excluded as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
Accounts receivable are considered to be past-due after the end of the contractual terms agreed to with the customer. There were no material past-due amounts that we consider uncollectible for our financial assets as of December 31, 2021. We generally do not require collateral from our customers.
Inventory. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We determine cost using the weighted-average method. We periodically review the value of items in inventory and record write-downs or write-offs of inventory based on our assessment of market conditions. Write-downs and write-offs are charged to cost of services and products. We did not record any write-downs or write-offs of inventory in the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $7.0 million and $21 million of write-downs and write-offs in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Property and Equipment, Long-Lived Intangible Assets and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets. We provide for depreciation of property and equipment on the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of eight years for Remotely Operated Vehicles (“ROVs”), to 25 years for marine services equipment (such as vessels and diving equipment) and to 25 years for buildings, improvements and other equipment.
Long-lived intangible assets, primarily acquired in connection with business combinations, include trade names, intellectual property and customer relationships and are being amortized with a weighted average remaining life of approximately 2 years.
For information regarding right-of-use operating lease assets, see “Leases” below.
We charge the costs of repair and maintenance of property and equipment to operations as incurred, while we capitalize the costs of improvements that extend asset lives or functionality.
We capitalize interest on assets where the construction period is anticipated to be more than three months. We did not capitalize interest in 2021 and 2020 as compared to $3.4 million of interest in 2019. We do not allocate general administrative costs to capital projects. Upon the disposition of property and equipment, the related cost and accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income.
Our management periodically, and upon the occurrence of a triggering event, reviews the realizability of our property and equipment, long-lived intangible assets and right-of-use operating lease assets to determine whether any events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, we base our evaluation on impairment indicators such as the nature of the assets, the future economic benefits of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements and other external market conditions or factors that may be present. If such impairment indicators are present or other factors exist that indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. For information regarding write-downs and write-offs of property and equipment, long-lived intangible assets and right-of-use operating lease assets in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 see Note 5—“Impairments” and Note 11—“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area.”
For assets held for sale or disposal, the fair value of the asset is measured using fair market value less estimated costs to sell. Assets are classified as held-for-sale when we have a plan for disposal of certain assets and those assets meet the held for sale criteria.
Goodwill. Our goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually and whenever we identify certain triggering events or circumstances that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.
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In our annual evaluation of goodwill, we perform a qualitative or quantitative impairment test. Under the qualitative approach, if we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we are required to perform the quantitative analysis to determine the fair value for the reporting unit. We then compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. We also consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. We did not identify any triggering events and, accordingly, no impairments of goodwill were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021. For information regarding impairments of goodwill in the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, see Note 5—“Impairments” and Note 11—“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area.”
Revenue Recognition. All of our revenue is realized through contracts with customers. We recognize our revenue according to the contract type. On a daily basis, we recognize service revenue over time for contracts that provide for specific time, material and equipment charges, which we bill periodically, ranging from weekly to monthly. We use the input method to faithfully depict revenue recognition, because each day of service provided represents value to the customer. The performance obligations in these contracts are satisfied, and revenue is recognized, as the work is performed. When appropriate, we apply the practical expedient to recognize revenue for the amount invoiced when the invoice corresponds directly to the value of our performance to date.
We account for significant fixed-price contracts, mainly relating to our Manufactured Products segment, and to a lesser extent in our Offshore Projects Group (“OPG”) and Aerospace and Defense Technologies (“ADTech”) segments, by recognizing revenue over time using an input, cost-to-cost measurement percentage-of-completion method. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, we accounted for 16%, 24% and 21%, respectively, of our revenue using the input, cost-to-cost measurement percentage-of-completion method. This commonly used method allows appropriate calculation of progress on our contracts. A performance obligation is satisfied as we create a product on behalf of the customer over the life of the contract. The remainder of our revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, thus satisfying the performance obligation.
We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping as an expense when incurred. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, and that are collected by us from customers, are excluded from revenue.
If a current estimate of total contract cost indicates an ultimate loss on a contract, we recognize the projected loss in full when we determine it. We did not have any material adjustments to earnings as a result of revisions to contract estimates during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. However, there could be significant adjustments to overall contract costs in the future, due to changes in facts and circumstances.
In general, our payment terms consist of those services billed regularly as provided and those products delivered at a point in time, which are invoiced after the performance obligation is satisfied. Our product and service contracts with milestone payments due at agreed progress points during the contract are invoiced when those milestones are reached, which may differ from the timing of revenue recognition. Our payment terms generally do not provide financing of contracts to customers, nor do we receive financing from customers as a result of these terms.
See Note 3—“Revenue” for more information on our revenue from contracts with customers.
Leases. We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception, whether as a lessee or a lessor. We take into consideration the elements of an identified asset, right to control and the receipt of economic benefit in making those determinations.
As a lessor, we lease certain types of equipment along with the provision of services and utilize the expedient allowing us to combine the lease and non-lease components into a combined component that is accounted for (1) under ASC 842, when the lease component is predominant, and (2) under the accounting standard “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), when the service component is predominant. In general, when we have a service component, it is typically the predominant element and leads to accounting under ASC 606.
As a lessor, we lease certain types of equipment, often providing services at the same time. These leases can be priced on a dayrate or lump-sum basis for periods ranging from a few days to multi-year contracts. These leases are negotiated on commercial terms at market rates and many carry standard options to extend or terminate at our customer's discretion. These leases generally do not contain options to purchase, material restrictions or covenants that impact our accounting for leases.
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As a lessee, we lease land, buildings, vessels and equipment for the operation of our business and to support some of our service line revenue streams. These generally carry lease terms that range from days for operational and support equipment to 15 years for land and buildings. These leases are negotiated on commercial terms at market rates and many carry standard options to extend or terminate at our discretion. When the exercise of those options is reasonably certain, we include them in the lease assessment. Our leases do not contain material restrictions or covenants that impact our accounting for them, nor do we provide residual value guarantees.
As a lessee, we utilize the practical expedients to not recognize leases with an initial lease term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet and to combine lease and non-lease components together and account for the combined component as a lease for all asset classes, except real estate.
Right-of-use operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement or modification date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate, based on the information available at commencement or modification date in determining the present value of future payments. In determining the incremental borrowing rate, we considered our external credit ratings, bond yields for us and our identified peers, the risk-free rate in geographic regions where we operate, and the impact associated with providing collateral over a similar term as the lease for an amount equal to the future lease payments. Our right-of-use operating lease assets also include any lease prepayments made and exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
See Note 4—“Leases” for more information on our operating leases and Note 5—“Impairments” for more information on determination of impairment indicators for our right-of-use assets.
Stock-Based Compensation. We recognize all share-based payments to directors, officers and employees over their vesting periods in the income statement based on their estimated fair values. For more information on our employee benefit plans, see Note 12—“Employee Benefit Plans.”
Income Taxes. We provide income taxes at appropriate tax rates in accordance with our interpretation of the respective tax laws and regulations after review and consultation with our internal tax department, tax advisors and, in some cases, legal counsel in various jurisdictions. We provide for deferred income taxes for differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes and provide a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized.
We recognize an expense or benefit for an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the uncertain tax position is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that we believe is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We account for any applicable interest and penalties on these uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes on our financial statements.
We have elected to account for a tax on global intangible low‑taxed income (“GILTI”) as a current period expense when incurred.
For more information on income taxes, see Note 7—“Income Taxes.”
Foreign Currency Translation. The functional currency for most of our foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency. Results of operations for foreign subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the period. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, and the resulting translation adjustments are recognized, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of shareholders' equity. All foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized currently in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recorded $(8.4) million, $(14) million and $(6.3) million of foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Those amounts are included as a component of other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Earnings (Loss) per Share. For each year presented, the only difference between our annual calculated weighted average basic and diluted number of shares outstanding is the effect of outstanding restricted stock units.
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Repurchase Plan. In December 2014, our Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock. In 2015, we repurchased 2.0 million shares of our common stock for $100 million. We have not repurchased any shares under this program since December 2015. The timing and amount of any future repurchases will be determined by our management. As of December 31, 2021, we retained 11 million of the shares we had repurchased through this and a prior repurchase program. We expect to hold the shares repurchased and any additional shares repurchased under the plan as treasury stock for possible future use. The plan does not obligate us to repurchase any particular number of shares. We account for the shares we hold in treasury under the cost method, at average cost.
Financial Instruments. We recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measure those instruments at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are reflected in current earnings or other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether a derivative instrument is designated as part of a hedge relationship and, if it is, the type of hedge relationship. See Note 9—“Debt” for information relative to the interest rate swaps we had in effect.
2. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards. On January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU No. 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within Accounting Standards Codification 740 (“ASC 740”), “Income Taxes,” and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. Our adoption of ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards. In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting,” which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to existing guidance on applying contract modifications and hedge accounting to facilitate the market transition from existing reference rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), which is scheduled to be phased out in June 2023, to alternate rates such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). This ASU was effective upon issuance and can be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. Our five-year revolving credit facility references LIBOR-based rates. This credit facility, which is scheduled to expire in January 2023, was undrawn as of December 31, 2021. We have not yet applied this guidance because we have not yet modified our existing revolving credit facility for reference rate reform. We do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, but will continue to monitor potential impacts until the transition to this standard is complete.
3. REVENUE
Revenue by Category
The following table presents revenue disaggregated by business segment, geographical region, and timing of transfer of goods or services.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Segment: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 538,515 | $ | 493,332 | $ | 583,652 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 344,251 | 477,419 | 498,350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Offshore Projects Group | 378,121 | 289,127 | 380,966 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrity Management & Digital Solutions | 241,393 | 226,938 | 266,086 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 1,502,280 | 1,486,816 | 1,729,054 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerospace and Defense Technologies | 366,995 | 341,073 | 319,070 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geographic Operating Areas: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | $ | 273,095 | $ | 198,505 | $ | 292,818 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Norway | 214,306 | 202,379 | 217,762 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia and Australia | 184,659 | 149,798 | 174,769 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 181,453 | 241,168 | 256,348 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brazil | 111,198 | 84,636 | 93,511 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 93,021 | 90,541 | 91,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Foreign | 1,057,732 | 967,027 | 1,126,799 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | 811,543 | 860,862 | 921,325 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Timing of Transfer of Goods or Services: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue recognized over time | $ | 1,747,585 | $ | 1,702,232 | $ | 1,900,729 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue recognized at a point in time | 121,690 | 125,657 | 147,395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Contract Balances
Our contracts with milestone payments have, in the aggregate, a significant impact on the contract asset and the contract liability balances. Milestones are contractually agreed with customers and relate to significant events across the contract lives. Some milestones are achieved before revenue is recognized, resulting in a contract liability, while other milestones are achieved after revenue is recognized resulting in a contract asset.
The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Total contract assets, beginning of period | $ | 221,997 | $ | 221,288 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue accrued | 1,825,487 | 1,712,425 | |||||||||||||||
| Write-off of Evergrande contract assets | (38,032) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Amounts billed | (1,844,605) | (1,711,716) | |||||||||||||||
| Total contract assets, end of period | $ | 164,847 | $ | 221,997 | |||||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities, beginning of period | $ | 50,046 | $ | 117,342 | |||||||||||||
| Deferrals of milestone payments | 81,942 | 30,007 | |||||||||||||||
| Recognition of revenue for goods and services | (43,813) | (97,303) | |||||||||||||||
| Total contract liabilities, end of period | $ | 88,175 | $ | 50,046 | |||||||||||||
Performance Obligations
As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was $235 million. In arriving at this value, we have used two expedients available to us and are not disclosing amounts in relation to performance obligations: (1) that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less; or (2) on contracts where we recognize revenue in line with the billing. Of this amount, we expect to recognize revenue of $185 million over the next 12 months, and we expect to recognize substantially all of the remaining balance of $50 million within the next 24
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months. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we wrote off $38 million in contract assets in our Manufactured Products segment related to termination of a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with Evergrande. See Note 10—”Commitments and Contingencies” for discussion regarding our contract assets due from this customer.
Due to the nature of our service contracts in our Subsea Robotics, OPG, Integrity Management & Digital Solutions (“IMDS”) and ADTech segments, the majority of our contracts either have initial contract terms of one year or less or have customer option cancellation clauses that lead us to consider the original expected duration of one year or less.
In our Manufactured Products and ADTech segments, we have long-term contracts that extend beyond one year, and these make up the majority of the performance obligations balance reported as of December 31, 2021. We also have shorter-term product contracts with an expected original duration of one year or less that have been excluded.
Where appropriate, we have made estimates within the transaction price of elements of variable consideration within the contracts and constrained those amounts to a level where we consider it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The amount of revenue recognized in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 that was associated with performance obligations completed or partially completed in prior periods was not significant.
As of December 31, 2021, there were no significant outstanding liability balances for refunds or returns due to the nature of our contracts and the services and products we provide. Our warranties are limited to assurance warranties that are of a standard length and are not considered to be material rights. The majority of our contracts consist of a single performance obligation. When there are multiple obligations, we look for observable evidence of stand-alone selling prices on which to base the allocation. This involves judgment as to the appropriateness of the observable evidence relating to the facts and circumstances of the contract. If we do not have observable evidence, we estimate stand-alone selling prices by taking a cost-plus-margin approach, using typical margins from the type of product or service, customer and regional geography involved.
Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract
In line with the available practical expedient, we capitalize costs to obtain a contract when those amounts are significant and the contract is expected at inception to exceed one year in duration. Otherwise, the costs are expensed in the period when incurred. Costs to obtain a contract primarily consist of bid and proposal costs, which are incremental to our fixed costs. There were no balances or amortization of costs to obtain a contract in the current reporting periods.
Costs to fulfill a contract primarily consist of certain mobilization costs incurred to provide services or products to our customers. These costs are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance. The closing balance of costs to fulfill a contract was $7.8 million and $8.3 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded amortization expense of $4.5 million, $6.6 million and $8.5 million, respectively. No impairment costs were recognized.
4. LEASES
Supplemental information about our operating leases follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | $ | 146,097 | $ | 141,206 | ||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating | Current | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating | Noncurrent | 158,503 | 156,074 | |||||||||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | $ | 177,284 | $ | 174,872 | ||||||||||||||||
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| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Term and Discount Rate: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 10 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 5.9 | % | 6.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
No impairments of right-of-use operating leases was recorded in 2021. During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there were impairment indicators present for reporting units in our Subsea Products and Advanced Technologies segments and, as a result, we recorded a pre-tax right-of-use operating lease impairments of $17 million. See Note 5—“Impairments” for more information on determination of impairment indicators for our right-of-use assets.
Operating lease cost reflects the lease expense resulting from amortization over the respective lease terms of our operating leases with initial lease terms greater than 12 months. Our short-term lease cost consists of expense for our operating leases with initial lease terms of 12 months or less that are not recorded on our balance sheet. The components of lease cost are as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lease Cost: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | Operating lease cost | $ | 34,406 | $ | 34,030 | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | Short-term lease cost | 78,835 | 52,886 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Lease Cost | $ | 113,241 | $ | 86,916 | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, future maturities of lease liabilities for our operating leases with an initial lease term of more than 12 months were as follows:
| Maturities of Lease Liabilities | ||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
| For the year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | $ | 28,619 | ||||||
| 2023 | 25,439 | |||||||
| 2024 | 22,402 | |||||||
| 2025 | 22,027 | |||||||
| 2026 | 22,841 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 114,828 | |||||||
| Total lease payments | 236,156 | |||||||
| Less: Interest | (58,872) | |||||||
| Present Value of Lease Liabilities | $ | 177,284 | ||||||
5. IMPAIRMENTS
Goodwill
We did not identify any triggering events and, accordingly, no impairments of goodwill were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021. In our 2020 annual goodwill evaluation, we performed qualitative assessments for our two reporting units, Subsea Robotics and ADTech, with remaining goodwill balances. We concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of these reporting units was more than the carrying value of the reporting unit.
After reallocation of our goodwill to our new segments in the third quarter of 2020, we determined that impairment indicators were present and performed quantitative analyses for our Subsea Robotics and Manufactured Products
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reporting units. Based on these quantitative analyses, the fair value was determined to be less than the carrying value for our Manufactured Products unit, but not for our Subsea Robotics reporting unit. As a result, for our Manufactured Products unit, we recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment loss of $41 million in the three-month period ended September 30, 2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, due to the protracted energy downturn compounded by demand destruction resulting from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and insufficient control of crude oil supply levels during the quarter, as well as our customers' continued focus on cost discipline, we determined that impairment indicators were present and we were required to perform a quantitative analysis for our Subsea Products–Service, Technology and Rentals (“ST&R”), Subsea Products–Manufactured Products, Subsea Projects, Asset Integrity and Advanced Technologies–Commercial reporting units. Based on these quantitative analyses, the fair value was determined to be less than the carrying value for each of those reporting units, with the exception of Subsea Products–Manufactured Products. As a result, for our Subsea Products–ST&R, Subsea Projects, Asset Integrity and Advanced Technologies–Commercial reporting units, we recorded pre-tax goodwill impairment losses of $51 million, $130 million, $111 million and $11 million, respectively. For our ROVs and Advanced Technologies–Government reporting units, qualitative assessments were performed; and we concluded that it was more likely than not the fair value of each of those reporting units was more than the carrying value of the reporting unit and, therefore, no impairments were recorded for those reporting units.
Our estimates of fair values for our reporting units determined in the first and third quarters of 2020 required us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable values. For our cash flow projections in each of those periods, we utilized a weighted-average cost of capital ranging from 11% to 15% and a terminal value based on the Gordon Growth Model, assuming an expected long-term growth rate of 2%.
Our third quarter 2020 change in our operating segments resulted in one reporting unit for each of our new segments. The following table reflects goodwill impairments as recorded in the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, and allocated, based on historical cost, to our new reporting segments:
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | As originally recorded | As recast to reflect segment changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment/Reporting Unit | Goodwill Impairment | Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | OPG | IMDS | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Products/ST&R | $ | 51,302 | $ | 17,457 | $ | — | $ | 33,845 | $ | — | $ | 51,302 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Projects/Subsea Projects | 129,562 | 84,661 | — | 32,440 | 12,461 | 129,562 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Integrity/Asset Integrity | 110,753 | — | — | — | 110,753 | 110,753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Technologies/Commercial | 11,388 | — | 11,388 | — | — | 11,388 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total goodwill impairment | $ | 303,005 | $ | 102,118 | $ | 11,388 | $ | 66,285 | $ | 123,214 | $ | 303,005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In our 2019 annual goodwill evaluation, we performed quantitative assessments for (1) our Subsea Projects reporting unit, due to its fair value being less than carrying value in the prior year, and (2) our Asset Integrity reporting unit, due to deterioration in its business environment. In our quantitative analyses for the Subsea Projects and Asset Integrity reporting units, we estimated the fair values by weighting the results from the income approach and the market approach. These valuation approaches considered a number of factors that included prospective financial information, operating margins, growth rates, terminal values, discount rates and comparable multiples of similar companies in our industry and required us to make certain assumptions and estimates regarding industry economic factors and future profitability of our business. Based on these quantitative tests, we determined that the fair value for our Subsea Projects reporting unit exceeded the carrying amount and there was no impairment. For our Asset Integrity reporting unit, the fair value was less than the carrying value and, as a result, we recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment loss of $15 million. For the remaining reporting units, qualitative assessments were performed, and we concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each such reporting unit was more than the carrying value of the reporting unit. Our third quarter 2020 change in our operating segments resulted in goodwill impairment as recorded for the year ended December 31, 2019 to our Asset Integrity reporting unit, to be allocated, based on historical cost, to our IMDS reporting segment and unit in our new organizational structure.
Aside from the goodwill impairments discussed above, the changes in our reporting units' goodwill balances during the periods presented are from currency exchange rate changes.
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For further information regarding goodwill by business segment, see Note 11–“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area.”
Property and Equipment and Intangible Assets
We did not identify any triggering events and, accordingly, no impairments of long-lived assets were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2021.
After reallocation of our long-lived assets to our new segments in the third quarter of 2020, we determined that impairment indicators were present and performed a quantitative assessment for our Manufactured Products asset groups. Based on that assessment, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the asset groups within Manufactured Products was more than the carrying value of each asset group and, therefore, no impairment was required. We did not identify any triggering events for our asset groups other than those included in Manufactured Products during the third quarter of 2020.
During the first quarter of 2020, due to the protracted energy downturn compounded by demand destruction resulting from the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and insufficient control of crude oil supply levels during the quarter, as well as our customers' continued focus on cost discipline, we determined that impairment indicators were present within certain of our asset groups. To measure fair value for these asset groups, we used the following approaches:
•Subsea Distribution Solutions U.K. - We utilized the cost approach and considered economic obsolescence under the income approach to determine fair value of the property and equipment.
•Subsea Distribution Solutions Brazil and Angola - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair values.
•Shallow Water vessels - We utilized the cost approach and considered historical, current and anticipated dayrates and utilization to measure market value.
•Renewables and Special Projects - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair values.
•Oceaneering Entertainment Systems and Oceaneering AGV Systems - We utilized a combination of market and cost approaches to measure fair value.
Our estimates of fair value for these asset groups required us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable value. In the first quarter of 2020, our cash flow projections utilized a weighted-average cost of capital ranging from 12% to 15% and a terminal value based on the Gordon Growth Model, assuming an expected long-term growth rate of 2%.
Our third quarter 2020 change in operating segments did not result in any changes in our asset groups. Our reporting units with long-lived asset impairments in the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, were realigned into our new reporting segments as follows:
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| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | As originally recorded | As recast to reflect segment changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment/Reporting Unit | Long-lived Asset Impairments | Manufactured Products | OPG | IMDS | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Distribution Solutions U.K. | $ | 6,543 | $ | 6,543 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,543 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Distribution Solutions Brazil | 9,834 | 9,834 | 9,834 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Distribution Solutions Angola | 38,482 | 38,482 | 38,482 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shallow Water vessels | 3,894 | 3,894 | 3,894 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Renewables and Special Projects Group | 3,628 | 3,628 | 3,628 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Global Data Solutions | 167 | 167 | 167 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Technologies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oceaneering Entertainment Systems | 5,065 | 5,065 | 5,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oceaneering AGV Systems | 1,150 | 1,150 | 1,150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-lived asset impairments | $ | 68,763 | $ | 61,074 | $ | 7,522 | $ | 167 | $ | 68,763 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
In 2020, we also recorded $24 million for write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment and intangible assets associated with equipment obsolescence.
In the fourth quarter of 2019, due to the protracted energy downturn and our customers' continued focus on cost discipline, we determined that impairment indicators were present within certain of our asset groups in our Subsea Projects and Asset Integrity segments. For our Subsea Projects segment, impairment indicators were present in our Deepwater and Shallow Water vessel asset groups and in our Ecosse Subsea Limited (“Ecosse”) asset group. For the Deepwater and Shallow Water vessel asset groups, we utilized the cost approach and considered historical, current and anticipated dayrates and utilization to measure market value. For our Ecosse asset group, we utilized a combination of income and market approaches, using projected discounted cash flows and the estimated expected realizable value in the market. Our Asset Integrity segment consists of one asset group. We measured the fair value of the Asset Integrity asset group by applying the income approach, using projected discounted cash flows. Our estimates of fair values for the asset groups in our Subsea Projects and Asset Integrity segments required us to use significant unobservable inputs, classified as Level 3 fair value measurements, including assumptions related to future performance, risk-adjusted discount rates, future commodity prices and demand for our services and estimates of expected realizable value.
Our third quarter 2020 change in operating segments did not result in any changes in our asset groups. Our reporting units with long-lived asset impairments in the year ended December 31, 2019, were realigned into our new reporting segments as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | As originally recorded | As recast to reflect segment changes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment/Reporting Unit | Long-lived Asset Impairments | OPG | IMDS | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Projects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deepwater and Shallow Water vessel asset groups | $ | 131,894 | $ | 131,894 | $ | 131,894 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ecosse asset group | 10,721 | 10,721 | 10,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Integrity | 16,738 | 16,738 | 16,738 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-lived asset impairments | $ | 159,353 | $ | 142,615 | $ | 16,738 | $ | 159,353 | |||||||||||||||||||||
In the fourth quarter of 2019, we also recorded $45 million for write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment and intangible assets, including asset write-downs relating to the retirement of 30 ROVs, and some of the installation and workover control systems “(IWOCS”) equipment in our Subsea Products segment. See Note 11–“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area” for additional information regarding write-downs and write-offs of property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets.
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For further information regarding write-downs and write-offs of property and equipment and long-lived intangible assets by business segment, see Note 11–“Operations by Business Segment and Geographic Area.”
6. SELECTED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
The following is information regarding selected balance sheet accounts:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Inventory, net: | |||||||||||||||||
| Remotely operated vehicle parts and components | $ | 72,572 | $ | 62,788 | |||||||||||||
| Other inventory, primarily raw materials | 81,110 | 78,453 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 153,682 | $ | 141,241 | |||||||||||||
| Other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | $ | 62,171 | $ | 48,616 | |||||||||||||
| Angolan bonds | 6,229 | 10,179 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 68,400 | $ | 58,795 | |||||||||||||
| Other noncurrent assets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash surrender value of life insurance policies | $ | 41,922 | $ | 39,562 | |||||||||||||
| Investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 30,502 | 34,166 | |||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 12,641 | 14,317 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 19,190 | 20,205 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 104,255 | $ | 108,250 | |||||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Payroll and related costs | $ | 134,538 | $ | 135,042 | |||||||||||||
| Accrued job costs | 49,032 | 47,721 | |||||||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 35,826 | 35,929 | |||||||||||||||
| Current operating lease liability | |||||||||||||||||
| Other | 52,482 | 55,373 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 290,659 | $ | 292,863 | |||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan | $ | 35,195 | $ | 33,982 | |||||||||||||
| Uncertain tax positions | 14,830 | 15,010 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-Term Incentive Plan | 11,996 | 12,640 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 1,375 | 2,993 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 26,708 | 24,619 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 90,104 | $ | 89,244 | |||||||||||||
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7. INCOME TAXES
The components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | (125,010) | $ | (306,354) | $ | (271,515) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 119,301 | (192,543) | (59,306) | |||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (5,709) | $ | (498,897) | $ | (330,821) | ||||||||||||||
The components of the income tax provision (benefit) applicable for domestic and foreign taxes and cash taxes paid are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current income tax expense (benefit): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | 974 | $ | (32,743) | $ | (7,571) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | 44,422 | 34,755 | 37,462 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total current income tax expense (benefit) | 45,396 | 2,012 | 29,891 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax expense (benefit): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Domestic | (328) | (9,192) | (10,860) | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | (1,470) | 5,034 | (1,408) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (1,798) | (4,158) | (12,268) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 43,598 | $ | (2,146) | $ | 17,623 | ||||||||||||||
| Cash taxes paid, net | $ | 29,204 | $ | 26,264 | $ | 29,806 | ||||||||||||||
The reconciliation between the actual income tax provision and income tax computed using the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate is summarized as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) at the U.S. statutory rate | $ | (1,199) | $ | (104,769) | $ | (69,472) | ||||||||||||||
| Tax Act - net mandatory repatriation tax | — | — | (8,220) | |||||||||||||||||
| CARES Act | — | (4,681) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Permanent differences for goodwill impairments | — | 50,435 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowances | 33,068 | 46,650 | 74,553 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign tax rate differential | 8,619 | 6,088 | 18,439 | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock compensation | 542 | 1,032 | 989 | |||||||||||||||||
| Uncertain tax positions | 158 | (5,939) | 3,046 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other items, net | 2,410 | 9,038 | (1,712) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total provision (benefit) for income taxes | $ | 43,598 | $ | (2,146) | $ | 17,623 | ||||||||||||||
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Significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred compensation | $ | 17,169 | $ | 16,761 | ||||||||||
| Deferred income | 7,604 | 1,958 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 23,555 | 27,864 | ||||||||||||
| Net operating loss and other carryforwards | 551,724 | 521,757 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 34,728 | 40,417 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and intangibles | 19,623 | 19,357 | ||||||||||||
| Interest | 31,898 | 27,359 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 27,667 | 14,045 | ||||||||||||
| Gross deferred tax assets | 713,968 | 669,518 | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowances | (679,242) | (592,516) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | $ | 34,726 | $ | 77,002 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Property and equipment | $ | 7,185 | $ | 1,343 | ||||||||||
| Basis difference in equity investments | 1,948 | 2,348 | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use operating lease assets | 26,968 | 28,519 | ||||||||||||
| Interest | — | 47,785 | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | 36,101 | $ | 79,995 | ||||||||||
| Net deferred income tax liability | $ | 1,375 | $ | 2,993 | ||||||||||
Our net deferred tax liability is reflected within our balance sheet as follows:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities included in other long-term liabilities | $ | 1,375 | $ | 2,993 | ||||||||||
| Net deferred income tax liability | $ | 1,375 | $ | 2,993 | ||||||||||
As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $508 million of deferred tax assets related to net operating and other loss carryforwards that were generated in various worldwide jurisdictions. The carryforwards include $197 million that do not expire and $311 million that will expire from 2022 through 2040. We have recorded a total valuation allowance of $679 million on net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, as well as other deferred tax assets, as our management believes that it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized.
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of our valuation allowances:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | (592,516) | $ | (277,258) | $ | (203,040) | ||||||||||||||
| Increase due principally to net operating losses | (83,908) | (300,748) | (59,596) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease due to foreign tax and business credit carryforwards | (5,761) | (14,510) | (14,622) | |||||||||||||||||
| Reduction due to utilization of foreign tax credits generated in prior years | 2,943 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of year | $ | (679,242) | $ | (592,516) | $ | (277,258) | ||||||||||||||
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On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") was signed into law in the United States. In accordance with the rules and procedures under the CARES Act, we filed a certain refund claim to carry back a portion of our U.S. net operating loss. Prior to enactment of the CARES Act, such net operating losses could only be carried forward. As a result, we expect to receive combined refunds of approximately $33 million, of which we have received $10 million as of December 31, 2021. The remaining refunds are classified as accounts receivable, net, in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. In 2020, we also realized a non-cash tax benefit of $8.4 million due to the carryback provision of the CARES Act recognized as a reduction in long-term liabilities.
We continue to make an assertion to indefinitely reinvest the unrepatriated earnings of any foreign subsidiary that would incur material tax consequences upon the distribution of such earnings. As of December 31, 2021, we did not provide for deferred taxes on earnings of our foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested. If we were to make a distribution from the unremitted earnings of these subsidiaries, we could be subject to taxes in various jurisdictions. However, it is not practical to estimate the amount of tax that could ultimately be due if such earnings were remitted. If our expectations were to change regarding future tax consequences, we may be required to record additional deferred taxes that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
We recognize the expense or benefit for an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the uncertain tax position is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that we believe is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We account for any applicable interest and penalties on these positions as a component of our provision for income taxes in our consolidated financial statements.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross uncertain tax positions, excluding penalties and interest, is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of year | $ | 20,086 | $ | 16,911 | $ | 14,971 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 1,934 | 2,229 | 3,662 | |||||||||||||||||
| Reductions for expiration of statutes of limitations | (784) | (628) | (2,835) | |||||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to prior years | 2,011 | 1,830 | 2,060 | |||||||||||||||||
| Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years | (2,818) | (68) | (563) | |||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | (3,062) | (188) | (384) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at end of year | $ | 17,367 | $ | 20,086 | $ | 16,911 | ||||||||||||||
We increased (decreased) income tax expense by $(1.1) million, $(1.2) million and $1.4 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for penalties and interest on uncertain tax positions, which brought our total liabilities for penalties and interest on uncertain tax positions to $3.4 million and $4.5 million in other long-term liabilities on our balance sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. All additions or reductions to those liabilities would affect our effective income tax rate in the periods of change.
We believe approximately $7.0 million to $8.0 million of gross uncertain tax positions will be resolved within the next 12 months. A portion of our uncertain tax position liability is reflected as a reduction in our gross deferred tax asset before valuation allowance and the remaining balance is reflected in other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The balance of gross uncertain tax position liability included in other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet was $11 million and $10 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The balance of gross uncertain tax position liability netted against our gross deferred tax asset before valuation allowance was $6.0 million and $9.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
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Our tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities in multiple jurisdictions. These audits often take years to complete and settle. The following table lists the earliest tax years open to examination by tax authorities where we have significant operations:
| Jurisdiction | Periods | |||||||
| United States | 2014 | |||||||
| United Kingdom | 2019 | |||||||
| Norway | 2016 | |||||||
| Angola | 2013 | |||||||
| Brazil | 2017 | |||||||
| Australia | 2017 | |||||||
8. SELECTED INCOME STATEMENT INFORMATION
The following schedule shows our revenue, costs and gross margins by services and products:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | $ | 1,503,745 | $ | 1,340,033 | $ | 1,333,787 | ||||||||||||||
| Products | 365,530 | 487,856 | 714,337 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,869,275 | 1,827,889 | 2,048,124 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Services and Products: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | 1,215,994 | 1,161,699 | 1,242,006 | |||||||||||||||||
| Products | 295,514 | 421,445 | 619,490 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated expenses | 93,702 | 80,804 | 88,384 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of services and products | 1,605,210 | 1,663,948 | 1,949,880 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | 287,751 | 178,334 | 91,781 | |||||||||||||||||
| Products | 70,016 | 66,411 | 94,847 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated expenses | (93,702) | (80,804) | (88,384) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total gross margin | $ | 264,065 | $ | 163,941 | $ | 98,244 | ||||||||||||||
9. DEBT
Long-term debt consisted of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024 | $ | 400,000 | $ | 500,000 | |||||||||||||
| 6.000% Senior Notes due 2028 | 300,000 | 300,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swap settlements | 6,572 | 10,870 | |||||||||||||||
| Unamortized debt issuance costs | (4,505) | (5,619) | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt | $ | 702,067 | $ | 805,251 | |||||||||||||
In November 2014, we completed the public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 4.650% Senior Notes due 2024 (the “2024 Senior Notes”). We pay interest on the 2024 Senior Notes on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2024 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on November 15, 2024.
In February 2018, we completed the public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 6.000% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Senior Notes”). We pay interest on the 2028 Senior Notes on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The 2028 Senior Notes are scheduled to mature on February 1, 2028. We used the net proceeds from the 2028 Senior Notes to repay our term loan indebtedness described further below.
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We may redeem some or all of the 2024 Senior Notes and 2028 Senior Notes (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) at specified redemption prices. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we repurchased $100 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Senior Notes in open-market transactions. The aggregate purchase price in the year ended December 31, 2021 included accrued and unpaid interest to the repurchase date of $0.7 million, and we recorded loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million (including premiums and fees associated with the repurchases).
In October 2014, we entered into a credit agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with a group of banks. The Credit Agreement initially provided for a $500 million five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). Subject to certain conditions, the aggregate commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility may be increased by up to $300 million at any time upon agreement between us and existing or additional lenders. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement also provided for a $300 million term loan, which we repaid in full in February 2018, using net proceeds from the issuance of our 2028 Senior Notes referred to above, and cash on hand.
In February 2018, we entered into Agreement and Amendment No. 4 to the Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 4”). Amendment No. 4 amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity of the Revolving Credit Facility to January 25, 2023 with the extending lenders, which represent 90% of the existing commitments of the lenders, such that the total commitments for the Revolving Credit Facility was $500 million until October 25, 2021, and thereafter $450 million until January 25, 2023. As of December 31, 2021, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at an Adjusted Base Rate or the Eurodollar Rate (both as defined in the Credit Agreement), at our option, plus an applicable margin based on our Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and, at our election, based on the ratings of our senior unsecured debt by designated ratings services, thereafter to be based on such debt ratings. The applicable margin varies: (1) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Adjusted Base Rate, from 0.125% to 0.750% and (2) in the case of advances bearing interest at the Eurodollar Rate, from 1.125% to 1.750%. The Adjusted Base Rate is the highest of (1) the per annum rate established by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (3) the daily one-month LIBOR plus 1%. We pay a commitment fee ranging from 0.125% to 0.300% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, depending on our Leverage Ratio. The commitment fees are included as interest expense in our consolidated financial statements.
The Credit Agreement contains various covenants that we believe are customary for agreements of this nature, including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability and the ability of each of our subsidiaries to incur debt, grant liens, make certain investments, make distributions, merge or consolidate, sell assets and enter into certain restrictive agreements. We are also subject to a maximum adjusted total Capitalization Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement and which stipulates that, among other items, we exclude any impacts associated with current and prior period impairments) of 55%. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and associated remedies. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement.
We had two interest rate swaps in place relating to a total of $200 million of the 2024 Senior Notes for the period to November 2024. The agreements swapped the fixed interest rate of 4.65% on $100 million of the 2024 Senior Notes to the floating rate of one-month LIBOR plus 2.426% and on another $100 million to one-month LIBOR plus 2.823%. In March 2020, we settled both interest rate swaps with the counterparty for cash proceeds of $13 million. The settlement resulted in a $13 million increase to our long-term debt balance that will be amortized to interest expense prospectively through the maturity date for the 2024 Senior Notes using the effective interest method. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2021, we amortized $4.3 million to interest expense, including $1.8 million, for the pro-rata write-off of interest rate swap settlement gains associated with the 2024 Senior Notes repurchases discussed above. We amortized $2.0 million to interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020.
We incurred $6.9 million and $4.2 million of issuance costs related to the 2024 Senior Notes and the 2028 Senior Notes, respectively, and $3.0 million of new loan costs, including costs of the amendments prior to Amendment No. 4, related to the Credit Agreement. These costs, net of accumulated amortization, are included as a reduction of long-term debt in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, as they pertain to the Senior Notes, and in other noncurrent assets, as they pertain to the Credit Agreement. We are amortizing these costs to interest expense through the respective maturity dates for the Senior Notes and to January 2023 for the Credit Agreement using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest rate method.
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We made cash interest payments of $39 million, $44 million and $46 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease Commitments
As of December 31, 2021, we occupied several facilities under noncancellable operating leases expiring at various dates through 2035. See Note 4—“Leases” for more information on our operating leases.
Insurance
The workers' compensation, maritime employer's liability and comprehensive general liability insurance policies that we purchase each include a deductible layer, for which we would be responsible, that we consider financially prudent. Insurance above the deductible layers can be by occurrence or in the aggregate. We determine the level of accruals for claims exposure by reviewing our historical experience and current year claim activity. We do not record accruals on a present-value basis. We review larger claims with insurance adjusters and establish specific reserves for known liabilities. We establish an additional reserve for incidents incurred but not reported to us for each year using our estimates and based on prior experience. We believe we have established adequate accruals for expected liabilities arising from those obligations. However, it is possible that future earnings could be affected by changes in our estimates relating to these matters.
Litigation
In the ordinary course of business, we are, from time to time, involved in litigation or subject to disputes, governmental investigations or claims related to our business activities, including, among other things:
•performance- or warranty-related matters under our customer and supplier contracts and other business arrangements; and
•workers’ compensation claims, Jones Act claims, occupational hazard claims, premises liability claims and other claims.
Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters, we believe that our ultimate liability, if any, that may result from these other actions and claims will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of litigation and other dispute resolution proceedings and, in some cases, the availability and amount of potentially available insurance, we can provide no assurance that the resolution of any particular claim or proceeding to which we are a party will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows for the fiscal period in which that resolution occurs.
Letters of Credit
We had $46 million and $51 million in letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which related to self-insurance requirements and various bid and performance bonds, which are usually for the duration of the applicable contract.
Financial Instruments and Risk Concentration
In the normal course of business, we manage risks associated with foreign exchange rates and interest rates through a variety of strategies, including the use of hedging transactions. As a matter of policy, we do not use derivative instruments unless we have an underlying exposure. Other financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of the underlying instruments. Accounts receivable are generated from a broad group of customers, primarily from within the energy industry, which is our major source of revenue. Due to their short-term nature, carrying values of our accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair market values.
We estimated the aggregate fair market value of the Senior Notes to be $697 million as of December 31, 2021 based on quoted prices. Since the market for the Senior Notes is not an active market, the fair value of the Senior Notes is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP (inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full terms for the assets or liabilities).
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Foreign currency gains (losses) in the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2019 were primarily related to declining exchange rates for the Angolan kwanza relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency gain (losses in the year ended December 31, 2020 were primarily related to declining exchange rate for the Angolan kwanza and the Brazilian real relative to the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency gains (losses) related to the Angolan kwanza of $(4.5) million, $(2.8) million and $(4.8) million in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our Angolan kwanza cash balances to U.S. dollars. Foreign currency gains (losses) related to the Brazilian real of $(0.2) million, $(7.3) million and $(0.7) million in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, were primarily due to the remeasurement of our U.S. dollar denominated liability balances to the Brazilian real. We recorded foreign currency transaction losses related to the Angolan kwanza and Brazilian real as a component of other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Any conversion of cash balances from kwanza to U.S. dollars is controlled by the central bank in Angola. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had the equivalent of approximately $1.0 million and $4.7 million of kwanza cash balances, respectively, in Angola reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
To mitigate our currency exposure risk in Angola, we have used kwanza to purchase equivalent Angolan central bank (Banco Nacional de Angola) bonds. The bonds are denominated as U.S. dollar equivalents, so that, upon payment of semi-annual interest and principal upon maturity, payment is made in kwanza, equivalent to the respective U.S. dollars at the then-current exchange rate. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $6.2 million and $10 million, respectively, of Angolan bonds on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Because we intend to sell the bonds if we are able to repatriate the proceeds, we have classified these bonds as available-for-sale securities, and they are recorded in other current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold a portion of these bonds for $4.5 million and recognized a gain of $0.5 million as a component of interest income in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
We estimated the fair market value of the Angolan bonds to be $6.4 million and $10 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, using quoted market prices. Since the market for the Angolan bonds is not an active market, the fair value of the Angolan bonds is classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy under U.S. GAAP. As of December 31, 2021, we have $0.2 million in unrealized gains, net of tax, related to these bonds as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We made the decision during the fourth quarter of 2021 to terminate a number of entertainment ride systems contracts with Evergrande and recorded a net loss in our Manufactured Products segment. The specific elements of the net loss included a reserve of $49 million in receivables and contract assets partially offset by the reclassification of $20 million of contract assets into salable inventory. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding accounts receivable or contract assets for those projects. As of December 31, 2020, we had outstanding accounts receivable of $11 million and contract assets of $40 million for those projects.
In the three-month period ended June 30, 2021, we were notified by a customer in our Manufactured Products segment that it was suspending a contract that is substantially complete. We billed and received $37 million of accounts receivable in the fourth quarter of 2021. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding contract assets of approximately $33 million for the contract and contract liabilities of $11 million prepaid for storage of components. We are in discussions with the customer concerning the timing of remaining payments. We continue to believe that we will realize these contract assets at their book values, although we can provide no assurance as to the timing.
11. OPERATIONS BY BUSINESS SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Business Segment Information
We are a global technology company delivering engineered services and products and robotic solutions to the offshore energy, defense, aerospace, manufacturing and entertainment industries.
Our Energy Services and Products business leverages our asset base and capabilities for providing services and products for offshore energy operations, inclusive of the offshore renewables energy market. Our Energy Services and Products segments are:
• Subsea Robotics—Our Subsea Robotics segment provides the following:
◦ ROVs for drill support and vessel-based services, including subsea hardware installation, construction, pipeline inspection, survey and facilities inspection, maintenance and repair;
◦ ROV tooling; and
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◦ survey services, including hydrographic survey and positioning services and autonomous underwater vehicles for geoscience.
• Manufactured Products—Our Manufactured Products segment provides the following:
◦ distribution and connection systems including production control umbilicals and field development hardware and pipeline connection and repair systems to the energy industry; and
◦autonomous mobile robots and automated guided vehicle technology and entertainment systems to a variety of industries.
• Offshore Projects Group—Our OPG segment provides the following:
◦ subsea installation and intervention, including riserless light well intervention services, inspection, maintenance and repair (“IMR”) services, principally in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and offshore Angola, utilizing owned and charter vessels;
◦ installation and workover control systems and ROV workover control systems;
◦manned diving operations utilizing owned and charter vessels;
◦ project management and engineering; and
◦ drill pipe riser services and systems and wellhead load relief solutions.
• Integrity Management & Digital Solutions—Our IMDS segment provides the following:
◦ asset integrity management services;
◦ software and analytical solutions for the bulk cargo maritime industry; and
◦ software, digital and connectivity solutions for the energy industry.
Our Aerospace and Defense Technologies segment provides services and products include engineering and related manufacturing in defense and space exploration activities, principally to U.S. government agencies and their prime contractors.
Unallocated Expenses are those not associated with a specific business segment. These consist of expenses related to our incentive and deferred compensation plans, including restricted stock and bonuses, as well as other general expenses, including corporate administrative expenses.
There are no differences in the basis of segmentation or in the basis of measurement of segment profit or loss from those used in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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The table that follows presents revenue, income (loss) from operations and depreciation and amortization expense including goodwill impairment, by business segment:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 538,515 | $ | 493,332 | $ | 583,652 | ||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 344,251 | 477,419 | 498,350 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPG | 378,121 | 289,127 | 380,966 | |||||||||||||||||
| IMDS | 241,393 | 226,938 | 266,086 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 1,502,280 | 1,486,816 | 1,729,054 | |||||||||||||||||
| ADTech | 366,995 | 341,073 | 319,070 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,869,275 | $ | 1,827,889 | $ | 2,048,124 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (Loss) from Operations | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 76,874 | $ | (65,817) | $ | 11,627 | ||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | (15,876) | (88,253) | 5,730 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPG | 31,197 | (105,680) | (170,013) | |||||||||||||||||
| IMDS | 18,572 | (121,675) | (52,527) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 110,767 | (381,425) | (205,183) | |||||||||||||||||
| ADTech | 60,992 | 56,023 | 42,574 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated Expenses | (131,960) | (120,677) | (128,104) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 39,799 | $ | (446,079) | $ | (290,713) | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization Expense, including Goodwill Impairment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 87,900 | $ | 212,621 | $ | 140,087 | ||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 12,788 | 66,772 | 20,732 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPG | 28,173 | 115,288 | 58,044 | |||||||||||||||||
| IMDS | 4,420 | 127,221 | 37,160 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 133,281 | 521,902 | 256,023 | |||||||||||||||||
| ADTech | 4,783 | 2,666 | 2,644 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unallocated Expenses | 1,659 | 4,327 | 4,760 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 139,723 | $ | 528,895 | $ | 263,427 | ||||||||||||||
We determine income (loss) from operations for each business segment before interest income or expense, other income (expense) and provision for income taxes. We do not consider an allocation of these items to be practical.
Revenue
During 2021, revenue from one customer, the U.S. Government, accounted for 12% of our total consolidated annual revenue, and no other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total consolidated revenue. No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue during 2020. During 2019, revenue from one customer, BP plc and subsidiaries, accounted for 10% of our total consolidated annual revenue.
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Income (Loss) from Operations
Year ended December 31, 2021—During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded charges and other discrete impacts attributable to each of our reporting segments as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | OPG | IMDS | ADTech | Unallocated Expenses | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Evergrande losses, net | $ | — | $ | 29,549 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 29,549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss on sale of asset | — | — | — | — | — | 1,415 | 1,415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 395 | 537 | 149 | 217 | 10 | — | 1,308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total charges | $ | 395 | $ | 30,086 | $ | 149 | $ | 217 | $ | 10 | $ | 1,415 | $ | 32,272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2020—During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded charges and other discrete impacts attributable to each of our reporting segments as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | OPG | IMDS | ADTech | Unallocated Expenses | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets impairments | $ | — | $ | 61,074 | $ | 8,826 | $ | 545 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 70,445 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets write-offs | 7,328 | — | 16,644 | 170 | — | — | 24,142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventory write-downs | 7,038 | — | — | — | — | — | 7,038 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment | 102,118 | 52,263 | 66,285 | 123,214 | — | — | 343,880 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 5,055 | 2,266 | 8,590 | 4,272 | 572 | 455 | 21,210 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total charges | $ | 121,539 | $ | 115,603 | $ | 100,345 | $ | 128,201 | $ | 572 | $ | 455 | $ | 466,715 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2019—During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded charges and other discrete impacts attributable to each of our reporting segments as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Subsea Robotics | Manufactured Products | OPG | IMDS | ADTech | Unallocated Expenses | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacts for the effects of: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets impairments | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 142,615 | $ | 16,738 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 159,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-lived assets write-offs | 11,340 | 482 | 18,723 | 14,108 | — | — | 44,653 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inventory write-downs | 15,433 | 2,107 | 2,771 | 719 | 255 | 21,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill impairment | — | — | — | 14,713 | — | — | 14,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 4,228 | 757 | 3,526 | 3,082 | 102 | 56 | 11,751 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total charges | $ | 31,001 | $ | 3,346 | $ | 167,635 | $ | 49,360 | $ | 357 | $ | 56 | $ | 251,755 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and Amortization Expense, including Goodwill Impairment
Depreciation expense on property and equipment, reflected in the Depreciation and Amortization Expense, including Goodwill Impairment table above, was $136 million, $170 million and $212 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Amortization expense on long-lived intangible assets, reflected in the Depreciation and Amortization Expense, including Goodwill Impairment table above, was $3.8 million, $15 million and $36 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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Goodwill impairment expense, reflected in the Depreciation and Amortization Expense, including Goodwill Impairment table above, was $344 million and $15 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively. See “Income (Loss) from Operations” above for amounts attributable to each segment.
We recorded the write-downs and write-offs of certain equipment and intangible assets, reflected in our depreciation expense, of $14 million and $45 million in 2020 and 2019, respectively. We also recorded the write-offs of certain intangible assets, reflected in our amortization expense, of $10 million in 2020. See “Income (Loss) from Operations” above for amounts attributable to each segment.
Assets, Property and Equipment, Net and Goodwill
The following table presents Assets, Property and Equipment, net and Goodwill by business segment:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 447,130 | $ | 487,505 | ||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 342,978 | 436,835 | ||||||||||||
| OPG | 333,248 | 359,844 | ||||||||||||
| IMDS | 83,796 | 80,123 | ||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 1,207,152 | 1,364,307 | ||||||||||||
| ADTech | 107,999 | 112,294 | ||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 647,708 | 569,241 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,962,859 | $ | 2,045,842 | ||||||||||
| Property and Equipment, Net | ||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 190,992 | $ | 252,221 | ||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 85,190 | 94,600 | ||||||||||||
| OPG | 186,187 | 212,990 | ||||||||||||
| IMDS | 10,934 | 12,018 | ||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 473,303 | 571,829 | ||||||||||||
| ADTech | 7,632 | 7,892 | ||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 8,661 | 11,386 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 489,596 | $ | 591,107 | ||||||||||
| Goodwill | ||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 24,454 | $ | 24,562 | ||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 24,454 | 24,562 | ||||||||||||
| ADTech | 10,454 | 10,454 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 34,908 | $ | 35,016 | ||||||||||
All assets specifically identified with a particular business segment have been segregated. Cash and cash equivalents, certain other current assets, certain investments and certain other assets have not been allocated to particular business segments and are included in Corporate and Other.
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Capital Expenditures
The following table presents Capital Expenditures, including business acquisitions, by business segment:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital Expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy Services and Products | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Subsea Robotics | $ | 27,591 | $ | 14,624 | $ | 72,663 | ||||||||||||||
| Manufactured Products | 2,510 | 1,220 | 17,522 | |||||||||||||||||
| OPG | 7,980 | 33,647 | 42,400 | |||||||||||||||||
| IMDS | 3,305 | 3,488 | 8,529 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Energy Services and Products | 41,386 | 52,979 | 141,114 | |||||||||||||||||
| ADTech | 2,525 | 1,462 | 2,243 | |||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and Other | 6,288 | 6,246 | 4,327 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 50,199 | $ | 60,687 | $ | 147,684 | ||||||||||||||
Geographic Operating Areas
On January 1, 2019 we adopted the lease standard, Topic 842, which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets. For 2021 and 2020, $146 million and $141 million of right-of-use operating lease assets are included in the following table which summarizes Property and Equipment, Net and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets by geographic area:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
Property and Equipment, Net and Right-of-Use Operating Lease Assets | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign: | ||||||||||||||
| Norway | $ | 69,880 | $ | 85,844 | ||||||||||
| Africa | 49,874 | 58,976 | ||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 65,665 | 68,874 | ||||||||||||
| Asia and Australia | 29,371 | 40,746 | ||||||||||||
| Brazil | 59,318 | 68,314 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 18,456 | 23,900 | ||||||||||||
| Total Foreign | 292,564 | 346,654 | ||||||||||||
| United States | 343,129 | 385,659 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 635,693 | $ | 732,313 | ||||||||||
Revenue is based on location where services are performed and products are manufactured. See Note 3—”Revenue” for disclosure of revenue by geographic area .
12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Retirement Investment Plans
We have several employee retirement investment plans that, taken together, cover most of our full-time employees. The Oceaneering Retirement Investment Plan is a 401(k) plan in which U.S. employees may participate by deferring a portion of their gross monthly salary and directing us to contribute the deferred amount to the plan. We match a portion of the employees' deferred compensation. Our contributions to the 401(k) plan were $13 million, $14 million and $19 million for the plan years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
We also make matching contributions to foreign employee savings plans similar in nature to a 401(k) plan. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, these contributions, principally related to plans associated with the United Kingdom and Norwegian subsidiaries, were $11 million, $11 million and $12 million, respectively.
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The Oceaneering International, Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan covers selected key management employees and executives, as approved by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”). Under this plan, we accrue an amount determined as a percentage of the participant's gross monthly salary and the amounts accrued are treated as if they are invested in one or more investment vehicles pursuant to this plan. Expenses related to this plan during 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $1.8 million, $1.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
Incentive Plans
Under our Second Amended and Restated 2010 Incentive Plan and our 2020 Incentive Plan (together the “Incentive Plans”), shares of our common stock are made available for awards to employees and nonemployee members of our Board of Directors.
The Incentive Plans are administered primarily by the Compensation Committee; however, the full Board of Directors makes determinations regarding awards to nonemployee directors under the Incentive Plans. The Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors, as applicable, determines the type(s) of award(s) to be made to each participant and sets forth in the related award agreement the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to each award. Stock options, stock appreciation rights and stock and cash awards may be made under the Incentive Plans. There are no options outstanding under either Incentive Plan. We have not granted any stock options since 2005 and the Compensation Committee has expressed its intention to refrain from using stock options as a component of employee compensation for our executive officers and other employees for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the Board of Directors has expressed its intention to refrain from using stock options as a component of nonemployee director compensation for the foreseeable future.
In 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Compensation Committee granted awards of performance units to certain of our key executives and employees. The performance units awarded are scheduled to vest in full on the third anniversary of the applicable award dates, or pro rata over years if the participant meets certain age and years of service requirements. The Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors approved specific financial goals and measures (as defined), for each of the -year periods ending December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 to be used as the basis for the final value of the performance units. The final value of the performance unit granted may range from $0 to $200 in each of 2021, 2020 and 2019. Upon vesting and determination of value, the value of the performance units will be payable in cash. Compensation expense related to the performance units was $9.4 million, $7.6 million and $9.7 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there were 265,042 performance units outstanding.
During 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Compensation Committee granted restricted units of our common stock to certain of our key executives and employees. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, our Board of Directors granted restricted common stock to our nonemployee directors. Over 85%, 80% and 80% of the grants made to our employees in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, vest in full on the third anniversary of the award date, conditional upon continued employment. The remainder of the grants made to employees vest pro rata over three years, as these participants meet certain age and years-of-service requirements. For the grants of restricted stock units to each of the participant employees, the participant will be issued one share of our common stock for each of the participant's vested restricted stock units at the earlier of years or, if the participant vested earlier after meeting the age and service requirements, following termination of employment or service. The grants of restricted stock to our nonemployee directors were scheduled to vest in full on the first anniversary of the award date, conditional upon continued service as a director, except for the 2021 grant to one director who retired from our board of directors as of the date of our annual meeting in May 2021, which vested on that date.
The Compensation Committee has a policy that Oceaneering will not provide U.S. federal income tax gross-up payments to any of its directors or executive officers in connection with future awards of restricted stock or stock units.
The additional tax charge realized from tax deductions less than the financial statement expense of our restricted stock grants was $0.5 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The 2021, 2020 and 2019 charges were recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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The following is a summary of our restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for 2021, 2020 and 2019:
| Number | Weighted Average Fair Value | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | 1,443,897 | 23.27 | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | 957,734 | 18.12 | |||||||||||||||
| Issued | (495,527) | 48.65 | $ | 8,154,000 | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (164,769) | 22.86 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | 1,741,335 | 22.62 | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,007,383 | 10.23 | |||||||||||||||
| Issued | (489,035) | 25.55 | $ | 5,821,000 | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (304,337) | 18.13 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 1,955,346 | 16.20 | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,333,689 | 11.80 | |||||||||||||||
| Issued | (601,830) | 24.46 | $ | 7,613,000 | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (239,946) | 18.46 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | 2,447,259 | 16.70 | |||||||||||||||
The restricted stock units granted in 2021, 2020 and 2019 carry no voting rights and no dividend rights. Each grantee of shares of restricted common stock is deemed to be the record owner of those shares during the restriction period, with the right to vote and receive any dividends on those shares.
Grants of restricted stock units are valued at their estimated fair values as of their respective grant dates. The grants in 2021, 2020 and 2019 were subject only to vesting conditioned on continued employment or service as a nonemployee director; therefore, these grants were valued at the grant date fair market value using the closing price of our stock on the New York Stock Exchange.
Compensation expense under the restricted stock plans was $9.6 million, $7.5 million and $10 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had $10.8 million of future expense to be recognized related to our restricted stock unit plans over a weighted average remaining life of 1.7 years.
Post-Employment Benefit
Pursuant to a service agreement we entered into with our former Chairman of the Board of Directors, we are obligated to provide for medical coverage on an after-tax basis to him, his spouse and two adult children for their lives. Our total accrued liabilities, current and long-term, under this post-employment benefit were $1.8 million as of both December 31, 2021 and 2020.
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