ODP Corp - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 26, 2020

Or

For the transition period from                                      to                                     

Commission file number 1-10948

The ODP Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(561) 438-4800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files): Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2020 (based on the closing market price of the common stock on the Composite Tape on June 26, 2020) was approximately $924,293,601 (determined by subtracting from the number of shares outstanding on that date the number of shares held by affiliates of the registrant).

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, as of the latest practicable date: At February 17, 2021, there were 53,524,445 outstanding shares of The ODP Corporation Common Stock, $0.01 par value.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

Certain information required for Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to The ODP Corporation’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after close of the registrant’s fiscal year covered by this Annual Report.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

The order and presentation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K differ from that of the traditional U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Form 10-K format. We believe that our format better presents the relevant sections of this document and enhances readability. See “Form 10-K Cross-Reference Index” within Financial Statements and Supplemental Details for a cross-reference index to the traditional SEC Form 10-K format.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2020 (“Annual Report”) contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”), that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include both historical information and other information that can be used to infer future performance. Examples of historical information include annual financial statements and the commentary on past performance contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”). While certain information has specifically been identified as being forward-looking in the context of its presentation, we caution you that, with the exception of information that is historical, all the information contained in this Annual Report should be considered to be “forward-looking statements” as referred to in the Reform Act. Without limiting the generality of the preceding sentence, any time we use the words “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “continue,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions, we intend to clearly express that the information deals with possible future events and is forward-looking in nature. Certain information in MD&A is clearly forward-looking in nature, and without limiting the generality of the preceding cautionary statements, we specifically advise you to consider all of MD&A in the light of the cautionary statements set forth herein.

Much of the information in this Annual Report that looks towards future performance of The ODP Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries is based on various factors and important assumptions about future events that may or may not actually come true. As a result, our operations and financial results in the future could differ materially and substantially from those we have discussed in this Annual Report. Significant factors that could impact our future results are provided in “Risk Factors” within Other Key Information in this Annual Report. Other risk factors are incorporated into the text of MD&A, which should itself be considered a statement of future risks and uncertainties, as well as management’s view of our businesses. We assume no obligation (and specifically disclaim any such obligation) to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

In this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company,” “ODP,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to The ODP Corporation and its subsidiaries. On June 30, 2020, Office Depot, Inc., the predecessor of The ODP Corporation, implemented a holding company reorganization (the “Reorganization”), which resulted in The ODP Corporation becoming the parent company of, and the successor issuer to, Office Depot, Inc. For purposes of this Annual Report, references to “we,” or the “Company” or its management or business at any period prior to the holding company reorganization (June 30, 2020) refer to Office Depot, Inc. as the predecessor company and its consolidated subsidiaries and thereafter to those of The ODP Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, except as otherwise specified or to the extent the context otherwise indicates.

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THE COMPANY

The ODP Corporation is a holding company that, through direct and indirect subsidiaries, maintains a fully integrated business-to-business (“B2B”) distribution platform of thousands of dedicated sales and technology service professionals, online presence and 1,154 retail stores, all supported by supply chain facilities and delivery operations. Through our banner brands Office Depot®, OfficeMax®, CompuCom® and Grand & Toy®, as well as others, we offer our customers the tools and resources they need to focus on starting, growing and running their businesses.

We were incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1986 with the name Office Depot, Inc. and opened our first retail store in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on October 9, 1986. Since then, we have become a leading provider of business services and supplies, products and digital workplace technology solutions to small, medium-sized and enterprise businesses.

In March 2020, we completed a holding company reorganization. The reorganization created a new holding company, The ODP Corporation, which became the new parent company of Office Depot, Inc. The Reorganization begins to simplify the Company’s legal entity and tax structure, more closely aligns our operating assets to their respective operating channels within the legal entity structure, and is intended to increase our operational flexibility. For more information about our holding company reorganization, see the section entitled “Overview—Stock Split and Corporate Reorganization” in MD&A of this Annual Report. Our long-term strategy is to grow our B2B business, serve our business customers in the new normal environment, and help to shape the future of work. As part of this strategy, we are optimizing our retail footprint to provide coverage in key areas in the U.S. which will focus on supporting the needs of our business customers. In addition, we are evolving our B2B business to include a new digital procurement platform focused on transforming the B2B procurement and sourcing industry. This strategy to deliver customer-focused value through our integrated B2B distribution platform is founded on three strategic pillars:

FISCAL YEAR

Our fiscal year results are based on a 52- or 53-week calendar ending on the last Saturday in December. Fiscal year 2020 had 52 weeks and ended on December 26, 2020. Fiscal year 2019 had 52 weeks and ended on December 28, 2019. Fiscal year 2018 had 52 weeks and ended on December 29, 2018. Certain subsidiaries, including CompuCom (as defined herein), operate on a calendar year basis; however, the reporting difference did not have a material impact on 2020 and the other periods presented.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We make available, free of charge, on the “Investor Relations” section of our website, www.officedepot.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

Additionally, our corporate governance materials, including our bylaws, corporate governance guidelines, charters of the Audit, Compensation & Talent, and Corporate Governance & Nominating Committees, and our code of ethical behavior may be found under the “Investor Relations” section of our website, www.officedepot.com.

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HOW WE ORGANIZE OUR BUSINESS

At December 26, 2020, our operations are organized into three reportable segments (or “Divisions”): Business Solutions Division, which we also refer to as BSD, Retail Division and CompuCom Division. The CompuCom Division was formed after the acquisition of CompuCom Systems, Inc. (“CompuCom”) on November 8, 2017. Additional information regarding our Divisions and operations in geographic areas is presented in MD&A and in Note 5. “Segment Information” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements located in Financial Statements and Supplemental Details of this Annual Report.

BUSINESS SOLUTIONS DIVISION

The Business Solutions Division, or BSD, is the largest component of our integrated B2B distribution platform and provides our business customers with nationally branded and private branded office supply products and services, as well as adjacency products and services in the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Canada through a dedicated sales force, catalogs, telesales, and electronically through our Internet websites. Adjacency products primarily include cleaning and breakroom supplies, personal protective equipment, technology and furniture and our service offerings are comprised of copy and print services, product subscriptions, and managed print and fulfillment services. BSD includes the regional office supply distribution businesses we have acquired as part of our strategic transformation described within Our Strategy.

The Business Solutions Division is comprised of two main sales channels: contract and direct.

Our contract sales channel serves business customers including small, medium-sized, and enterprise businesses as well as schools and local, state and national governmental agencies. We also enter into agreements with consortiums to sell to entities across many industries, including government and non-profit entities, in non-exclusive buying arrangements.

Our direct sales channel primarily serves small to medium-sized business customers. Direct business customers can order products through our eCommerce platform, from our catalogs, or by phone. Website functionality provides business customers the convenience of using the loyalty program and offers suggestions by product ratings, pricing, and brand, among other features. Business customer orders are fulfilled through our supply chain. See “Supply Chain” within Our Strategy for additional information on our supply chain network.

In 2020, we continued to build on several initiatives to strengthen the core of our Business Solutions Division, including the following:

RETAIL DIVISION

The Retail Division markets a broad assortment of merchandise through our chain of retail stores throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The retail stores operate under both the Office Depot and OfficeMax brands, though systems, processes and offerings have converged. We currently offer nationally branded and private branded office supply products as well as adjacency products such as cleaning and breakroom supplies, personal protective equipment, technology and furniture. See “Merchandising and Services” within Our Strategy for additional information on our product categories. In addition, our Retail Division offers a range of business-related services targeted to small businesses, technology support services as well as printing, copying, mailing and shipping services. The print needs for retail and business customers are also facilitated through our regional print production centers.

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At the end of 2020, the Retail Division operated 1,154 retail stores. We have a broad representation across North America with the largest concentration of our retail stores in Texas, California, and Florida. Most of our retail stores are located in leased facilities that currently average over 20,000 square feet. To better serve our customers any way they choose to shop, we have a Buy Online-Pickup in Store (“BOPIS”) offering in all locations and offer same-day store delivery in selected markets. Sales under these programs are serviced by store employees and fulfilled with store inventory and therefore are reported in the Retail Division results.

In 2019, we implemented the Business Acceleration Program, a company-wide, multi-year, cost reduction and business improvement program to systematically drive down costs, improve operational efficiencies, and enable future growth investments. In 2020, we implemented the Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan, a restructuring plan to realign our operational focus to support our “business-to-business” solutions and IT services business units and improve costs. The Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan is broader than restructuring programs we have implemented in the past and includes closing retail stores through the end of 2023. Since the implementation of the Business Acceleration Program and the Maximize B2B Restructuring plan, we have closed a total of 153 retail stores as a result of these plans. Refer to Note 3. “Merger and Restructuring Activity” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

COMPUCOM DIVISION

The CompuCom Division is a technology service provider supporting the distributed technology needs of enterprise organizations in the United States and Canada. With a vision of connecting people, technology, and the edge with a seamless experience, CompuCom enables enterprise employees to be productive. CompuCom offers a broad range of solutions including technology lifecycle management, end user computing and collaboration, service desk, remote technology monitoring and management, and IT workforce solutions. CompuCom also has more than 6,500 CompuCom technicians to serve extensive small, medium-sized, and large enterprise business customers who require technical support.

OUR CAPITAL

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

We currently operate under the brand names Office Depot®, OfficeMax®, CompuCom®, Grand & Toy®, as well as others. We hold trademark registrations and pending applications domestically and worldwide for these operating brands as well as for a wide assortment of private branded products and services including “Office Depot,”   “TUL®,” “Ativa®,” “Foray®,” “Realspace®,” “WorkPro®,” “Brenton Studio®,” “Highmark®,” “Executive Suite®,” “Juku®,”and others. We also hold issued patents and pending patent applications domestically and worldwide for certain private branded products, such as shredders, office chairs and writing instruments.

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

As of January 23, 2021, we had approximately 37,000 full-time and part-time employees. We also utilize independent contractors and temporary personnel to supplement our workforce. Our key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain and develop talent to drive on our strategy for long-term success.

Our Board of Directors provides oversight on certain human capital management matters, including through its Compensation & Talent Committee, which is responsible for overseeing and providing perspective on our strategies and policies including with respect to diversity and inclusion, pay equity, recruiting, retention, training and development, and workplace environment and safety consistent with our culture, objectives and strategy.

We have a demonstrated history of investing in our workforce through comprehensive and competitive compensation and benefits, and a focus on employee health and wellbeing.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, and based upon the guidance of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and local health authorities, we have put appropriate measures in place to help reduce the spread of infection to our employees and customers, including the institution of social distancing protocols and increased frequency of cleaning and sanitizing in our facilities. Since March 2020, employees who are able to, have been working from home, with only essential employees in our retail stores, customer support and distribution centers working on-site at our facilities, as well as technicians and field support on-site at customer locations, as necessary. We have also limited employee business travel to only essential business needs.

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OUR STRATEGY

STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATION

Since 2017, we have been undergoing a strategic business transformation to pivot ODP into an integrated B2B distribution platform, with the objective of expanding our product offerings to include value-added services for our customers and capture greater market share. As part of this transformation, we are evolving our B2B business to include a new digital procurement platform focused on transforming the B2B procurement and sourcing industry. In connection with our development efforts in this area, in January 2021, we acquired BuyerQuest Holdings, Inc. (“BuyerQuest”), a business services software company with an eProcurement platform. Also, on January 19, 2021, our Board of Directors announced that as a result of a business review of CompuCom, management has initiated a process to explore a value-maximizing sale of our CompuCom Division to maximize CompuCom’s full potential and drive forward its future value and success.

We continue to expand our reach and distribution network through acquisitions of profitable regional office supply distribution businesses, serving small and mid-market customers. Many of these customers are in geographic areas that were previously underserved by our network. This has allowed for an effective and accretive means to expand our distribution reach, target new business customers and grow our offerings beyond traditional office supplies.

The operating results of the acquired office supply distribution businesses are combined with our operating results subsequent to their purchase dates and are included in our Business Solutions Division. Refer to Note 2. “Acquisitions” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

SUPPLY CHAIN

We operate a network of distribution centers (“DCs”) and crossdock facilities across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada, including three DCs which support the operations of CompuCom. Our DCs fulfill customer orders, while crossdocks are smaller flow-through facilities where merchandise is sorted for distribution and shipped to fulfill the inventory needs of our retail locations. Our supply chain operations are also supported by a dedicated fleet of over 1,000 transportation vehicles. With our network of DCs, crossdocks, and vehicles, we are capable of providing next-day delivery services for approximately 98.5% of the population in the United States.

We continue to invest in our supply chain network, focusing on further enhancing our capabilities, increasing efficiency and lowering our costs. For example, we have grown our private fleet of transportation vehicles and introduced automated technology and robotics into our DCs and crossdock facilities. These investments position us to pursue opportunities beyond our traditional business, including utilizing our supply chain as a logistics service for third parties, including our customers.

Excluding the three DCs supporting the CompuCom operations, DC and crossdock facilities’ costs, such as real estate, technology, labor, depreciation and inventory are allocated to the Business Solutions and Retail Divisions based on the relative services provided. For the three DCs supporting the CompuCom operations, these costs are included within the CompuCom Division.

We believe that inventory held in our DCs is at levels sufficient to meet current and anticipated customer needs. Certain purchases are sent directly from the manufacturer, industry wholesaler or other primary supplier to our customers or retail stores. Some supply chain facilities and some retail locations also house sales offices, showrooms, and administrative offices supporting our contract sales channel.

As of December 26, 2020, we operated a total of 71 DCs and crossdock facilities in the United States and Canada. Refer to “Properties” within Other Key Information for more details.

Out-bound delivery and inbound direct import operations are currently provided by third-party carriers along with our own vehicles.

MERCHANDISING AND SERVICES

Our merchandising and services strategy is to meet our customers’ needs by offering a broad selection of nationally branded office supply and adjacency products, as well as our own private branded products and services. The selection of our private branded products has increased in breadth and level of sophistication over time. We currently offer products under such labels, including Office Depot®, OfficeMax®, Foray®, Ativa®, TUL®, Realspace®, WorkPro®, Brenton Studio®, Highmark®, and Grand & Toy®.

We generally classify our product offerings into three categories: (1) supplies, (2) technology, and (3) furniture and other. The supplies category includes products such as paper, writing instruments, office supplies, cleaning and breakroom supplies, and personal protective equipment. The technology category includes products such as toner and ink, printers, computers, tablets and accessories, and electronic storage. The furniture and other category includes products such as desks, seating, and luggage.

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We classify our service offerings into two categories: (1) technology and (2) copy, print, and other. The technology category includes the technology service offerings provided through our CompuCom Division, such as technology lifecycle management, end user computing and collaboration, service desk, remote technology monitoring and management, and IT workforce solutions, as well as technology service offerings provided in our retail stores, such as equipment installation and repair. The copy, print, and other category includes offerings such as printing of business cards, banners, documents and promotional products, copying and photo services, managed print and fulfillment services, product and service subscriptions, and sales of third party software, gift cards, warranties, remote support as well as rental income on operating lease arrangements where the Company conveys to its customers the right to use devices and other equipment for a stated period.

Total Company sales by offering were as follows:

We buy substantially all of our merchandise directly from manufacturers, industry wholesalers, and other primary suppliers, and source our private branded products from domestic and offshore sources. We enter into arrangements with vendors that can lower our unit product costs if certain volume thresholds or other criteria are met. For additional discussion regarding these arrangements, refer to “Critical Accounting Policies” in MD&A.

We operate separate merchandising functions in the United States and Canada. Each function is responsible for selecting, purchasing, managing the product life cycle of our inventory, and managing pricing for all channels. Organizationally, they are aligned under the same Corporate leadership. In recent years, we have increasingly used global offerings across the regions to further reduce our product cost while maintaining product quality.

We operate a global sourcing office in Shenzhen, China, which allows us to better manage our product sourcing, logistics and quality assurance. This office consolidates our purchasing power with Asian factories and, in turn, helps us to increase the scope of our own branded offerings.

SALES AND MARKETING

We regularly assess consumer shopping behaviors in order to refine our strategy and curate the desired product assortment, shopping environment and purchasing methods. Identifying the most desirable and effective way to reach our customers and allowing them to shop through whichever channel they prefer will continue to be a priority. These efforts have impacted the extent, format and vehicles we use to advertise to and reach customers, our web page design, promotions and product offerings.

Our marketing programs are designed to create and capture demand, drive frequency of customer visits, increase customer spend across product lines, and build brand awareness. We have shifted a meaningful amount of our marketing efforts in recent periods to digital programs that increase demand generation, enhance audience targeting and include the use of social media platforms and digital videos. We also continue to advertise through traditional outbound marketing vehicles such as e-mail, direct mail and catalogues.

Our customer loyalty and other incentive programs provide our customers with rewards that can be applied towards future purchases or other incentives. These programs enable us to effectively market to our customers and may change as customer preferences shift.

We perform periodic competitive pricing analyses to monitor each market, and prices are adjusted as necessary to further our competitive positioning. We generally target our pricing to be competitive with other resellers of office products and providers of business services and technology solutions.

Our customer acquisition efforts regularly shift to vehicles and formats found to be most productive for reaching the targeted customer. We acquire customers through e-mail and social media campaigns, online affiliate connections, on-premises sales calls, outbound sales calls, and catalogs, among others. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of total consolidated sales or

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receivables in 2020, 2019 or 2018. Additionally, we believe that none of our business segments is dependent upon a single customer or a few customers, the loss of which would have a material adverse effect in our consolidated results of operations.

SEASONALITY

Our business experiences a certain level of seasonality, with sales generally trending lower in the second quarter, following the “back-to-business” sales cycle in the first quarter and preceding the “back-to-school” sales cycle in the third quarter and the holiday sales cycle in the fourth quarter for our Business Solutions and Retail Divisions. Our CompuCom Division generally does not experience notable seasonality. Certain working capital components may build and recede during the year reflecting established selling cycles. Business cycles can and have impacted our operations and financial position when compared to other periods. During 2020, the timing and duration of our back-to business and back-to-school sales cycles were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to “Recent Developments” in MD&A for additional information.

INDUSTRY AND COMPETITION

We operate in a highly competitive environment. Our Business Solutions and Retail Divisions compete with office supply stores, wholesale clubs, discount stores, mass merchandisers, online retailers, food and drug stores, computer and electronics superstores and direct marketing companies. These companies compete with us in substantially all of our current markets. Increased competition in the office products markets, together with increased advertising, and Internet-based search tools, has heightened price awareness among end-users. Such heightened price awareness has led to sales and margin pressure on our office products categories and has impacted our results. In addition to price, we also compete based on customer service, the quality and extent of product selection and convenience. Other office supply retail companies market similarly to us in terms of store format, pricing strategy, product selection and product availability in the markets where we operate. Some of our competitors are larger than us and have greater financial resources, which provide them with greater purchasing power, increased financial flexibility and more capital resources for expansion and improvement, which may enable them to compete more effectively. We anticipate that in the future we will continue to face high levels of competition from these companies.

We believe our robust field sales forces, dedicated customer service associates and the efficiency and convenience for our customers from our combined contract and direct sales distribution channels position our Business Solutions Division well to compete with other business-to-business office products distributors.

We believe our Retail Division competes favorably against competitors based on convenience, location, the quality of our customer service, our store layouts, the range and depth of our merchandise offering and our pricing.

Our CompuCom Division operates in an environment that is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to shifting client needs and expectations. We compete with companies that provide IT services and outsourcing, as well as companies that sell IT related products. We believe that the principal competitive factors in our business include technical expertise, geographic reach, and the ability to provide compelling solutions to meet the needs of end users and distributed technology. We believe our CompuCom Division successfully competes based on the quality of our customer service, the geographic reach of our services, and the breadth of our offerings.

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE (ESG)

We recognize the increasing importance of sustainability and ESG issues and seek to integrate sustainability considerations into our business strategies and practices, products, services, thought leadership and operations. While the environmental and social aspects help us lower emissions, capture community impacts, and quantify other metrics, they ultimately impact our success by creating greater business value. We believe that sustainability plays an essential role in our success, our industry and our communities, now and for future generations. We have made substantial progress on our sustainability goals and operational improvements from 2018, including reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, energy reduction and community investment, which are all highlighted in our 2020 Corporate Sustainability Report. Our governance model also includes Board oversight of our Sustainability Program through the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

As both a significant user and seller of paper products, we have developed environmental practices that are values-based and market-driven. Our environmental initiatives center on three guiding principles: (1) recycling and pollution reduction; (2) sustainable forest management; and (3) issue awareness and market development for environmentally preferable products. We offer thousands of different products containing recycled content and technology recycling services. We have adopted a “cradle to grave” approach with our products and services and offer several high-quality, long-lasting products with reduced life cycle costs, and when those products have met the end of their useful life, we assist with the correct disposal in an environmentally responsible way.

ODP continues to implement environmental programs in line with our stated environmental policy to “buy greener, be greener and sell greener” — including environmental sensitivity in our packaging, operations and sales offerings. We have been commended for our

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leadership position for our facility design, recycling efforts, and ‘green’ product offerings. Additional information on our green product offerings can be found at www.officedepot.com/buygreen.

We are subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations related to historical OfficeMax operations of paper and forest products businesses and timberland assets. We record environmental and asbestos liabilities, and accrue losses associated with these obligations, when probable and reasonably estimable. We record a separate insurance recovery receivable when considered probable. Refer to “Legal Proceedings” within Other Key Information for more details.

WHO MANAGES OUR BUSINESS

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following information is provided regarding the executive officers of ODP.

Gerry P. Smith — Age: 57

Mr. Smith was appointed to serve as our Chief Executive Officer and a Director in February 2017. Prior to joining us and since 2016, Mr. Smith was at Lenovo Group Limited (“Lenovo”) and previously served as Lenovo’s Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since 2016 where he was responsible for all operations across Lenovo’s global product portfolio. Prior to assuming this role, also in 2016, Mr. Smith was Executive Vice President and President, Data Center Group. From 2015 to 2016, he served as Chief Operating Officer of the Personal Computing Group and Enterprise Business Group, and from 2013 to 2015 he served as President of the Americas. In these roles, Mr. Smith oversaw Lenovo’s fast-growing enterprise business worldwide and Lenovo’s overall business in the America’s region. Prior to that, Mr. Smith was President, North America and Senior Vice President, Global Operations of Lenovo from 2012 to 2013, and Senior Vice President of Global Supply Chain of Lenovo from 2006 until 2012 where he was responsible for end-to-end supply chain management. Prior to Lenovo, Mr. Smith held a number of executive positions at Dell Inc. from 1994 until 2006, as the company became a global leader in personal computers. Since August 2020, he serves on the Board of Directors of Arrow Electronics, Inc. and is a member of its Corporate Governance Committee.

N. David Bleisch — Age: 61

Mr. Bleisch was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Chief Legal & Administrative Officer in May 2020. Previously he served as Executive Vice President, Chief Legal & Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary from January 2018 to May 2020, and served as Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary from September 2017 to January 2018. Prior to joining us, Mr. Bleisch was Senior Vice President and Chief Legal Officer for The ADT Corporation (“ADT”) from September 2012 through May 2016, where he managed the legal, environmental, health and safety, government affairs and corporate governance matters. Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Bleisch served in several leadership roles at Tyco International before being appointed Vice President and General Counsel of Tyco Security Solutions. Before joining Tyco, Mr. Bleisch was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of The LTV Corporation. Before LTV, Mr. Bleisch was a partner with Jackson Walker LLP. He currently serves on the Board of Directors for the Education Foundation of Palm Beach County.

John W. Gannfors — Age: 55

Mr. Gannfors was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Chief Merchandising and Supply Chain Officer in August 2018. Previously Mr. Gannfors served as Executive Vice President, Transformation, Strategic Sourcing and Supply Chain from July 2017 to August 2018, and as our Executive Vice President, Transformation and Strategic Sourcing when he joined the Company in April 2017. Prior to joining us, Mr. Gannfors served as Chief Procurement Officer at Lenovo, where he spent nearly ten years. Prior to assuming this role, Mr. Gannfors served in various leadership roles at Dell Inc. Mr. Gannfors began his career in Product Management at Lockheed Martin’s Calcomp division and Definicon Systems.

Terry Leeper — Age: 56

Mr. Leeper was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Chief Technology Officer in July 2020. Prior to joining us, Mr. Leeper most recently served as Head of Product and Tech of Amazon Business from 2014 to 2020, and previously served as Director of Software Development for Amazon’s Retail Systems Platforms from 2011 to 2014. Prior to joining Amazon in 2011, Mr. Leeper was with Microsoft from 1999 to 2011, where he held positions of Director Platform Strategy in the United Kingdom and Director of Developer Division in China.

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Kevin Moffitt — Age: 47

Mr. Moffitt was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Chief Retail Officer in November 2018. Previously, Mr. Moffitt served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Retail Officer from January 2018 to November 2018; Senior Vice President, Chief Digital Officer in 2017; Senior Vice President, eCommerce & Direct Business Unit Leader from 2016 to 2017; and as our Vice President, eCommerce Product Management and Customer Experience from 2012 to 2016. Prior to joining us, he held several leadership roles at Dillard’s Department Stores, Circuit City Stores and Putnam Investments.

Stephen M. Mohan — Age: 44

Mr. Mohan was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Business Solutions Division in May 2019. Prior to joining us, Mr. Mohan served as Senior Vice President of Sales and Marketing, North American Transportation at XPO Logistics, Inc., a transportation and logistics company, from October 2017 to May 2019. Prior to joining XPO Logistics, Mr. Mohan served as Executive Vice President and Chief Sales Officer at Clean Harbors, an environmental, energy and industrial services company, from October 2016 to February 2017 and Senior Vice President, Field Sales for Republic Services, Inc., a waste collection and energy services company, from December 2013 to September 2016 and as Vice President, Sales from September 2009 to December 2013. His career began in 1999 at Reed Business Information, where he led acquisition and management of a large account portfolio for a leading provider of data and business information solutions.

D. Anthony Scaglione — Age: 48

Mr. Scaglione was appointed to serve as our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer in July 2020. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Scaglione served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at ABM Industries Incorporated (“ABM”), where he was responsible for all financial, M&A, IT, tax, enterprise services and procurement functions from 2015 to 2020. Mr. Scaglione joined ABM as Vice President & Treasurer in 2009, and was Senior Vice President, Treasurer, Mergers & Acquisitions from 2012 to 2015. Prior to joining ABM, Mr. Scaglione held executive finance positions at CA Technologies from 2005 to 2009. Prior to CA Technologies, Mr. Scaglione served as a manager with Ernst & Young from 2001 to 2005.

John “Mick” Slattery — Age: 52

Mr. Slattery was appointed to serve as our President, CompuCom Division in June 2019. Mr. Slattery has nearly 30 years of experience in the technology-enabled business services space, and most recently served as the Chief Executive Officer of Conduent Transportation LLC, a division of Conduent, Inc., a technology-led business process services company. Prior to joining Conduent in 2018, Mr. Slattery was a founding executive team member of Avanade, Inc., a global professional services company providing IT consulting and services and was formed as a joint venture between Accenture plc and Microsoft Corporation. During his 17-year career with Avanade, Mr. Slattery served in a series of roles with increasing levels of responsibility, and ultimately served as President, North America. Prior to joining Avanade, Mr. Slattery served as Associate Partner, Communications & High Tech at Accenture plc.

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OTHER KEY INFORMATION

RISK FACTORS

In addition to risks and uncertainties in the ordinary course of business that are common to all businesses, important factors that are specific to us and our industry could materially impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and future performance and results. You should carefully consider the risks described below in our subsequent periodic filings with the SEC. The following risk factors should be read in conjunction with MD&A and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.

Risks Related to Our Industry and Macroeconomic Conditions

Our business, results of operations and financial performance have been and will continue to be adversely affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related social distancing and stay-at-home requirements implemented worldwide, which could materially affect our future results.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the current outbreak of COVID-19 a global pandemic. In response to this declaration and with the rapid wide spread of COVID-19 globally and throughout the United States, federal, state and local authorities have declared states of emergency and imposed varying degrees of restrictions on social and commercial activities, including travel bans and curfews, in order to promote social distancing in an effort to prevent and slow the spread of the disease. The preventative measures taken by federal, state and local authorities to contain or mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak have caused, and are continuing to cause, business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas and significant disruption in the financial markets both globally and in the United States, which have led to a decline in discretionary spending by consumers, and in turn have adversely impacted our business, sales, financial condition and results of operations. Beginning towards the end of the second quarter of 2020, some states and local jurisdictions started to phase out restrictions imposed on commercial activities at varying degrees; however, a resurgence of COVID-19 in certain parts of the United States could result in restrictions being reinstated. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have temporarily closed certain offices (including our corporate headquarters) and implemented certain business travel restrictions, both of which have changed how we currently operate our business. Currently, some of our employees are working remotely, and an extended period of remote work arrangements has and could continue to strain our business continuity plans and introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks. While we have not experienced a material cybersecurity incident in connection with our current remote work arrangements, we could in the future. We are monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of our business, including how it is and will continue to impact our customers, employees, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels. The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption, which has and will continue to adversely affect our business operations and may materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

We are unable to predict the duration or severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the longer it continues, we will continue experiencing volatility in consumer and business demand and corresponding declining sales patterns. For example, since the second quarter of 2020, the promotion of social distancing and government restrictions on social and commercial activities decreased foot traffic in our stores. Additionally, we have experienced, and will continue to experience, reduced demand for our technology and IT workforce solutions from our enterprise business customers as a result of declining financial performance of such customers, lower demand, cancellations, reductions, revised payment terms, and requests to delay the start of service delivery. In addition, a weaker U.S. economy, higher unemployment, and continuation of remote work and school arrangements will materially impact consumer spending. Decreased foot traffic at our stores and declining financial performance of our business customers has and will continue to adversely impact future sales.

In addition, we have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to maintain the health of our customers and employees, which may be significant, as we continue to implement additional operational changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has also caused disruption in our supply chain which has resulted in higher supply chain costs to replenish inventory in our retail stores and distribution centers, and increased delivery costs as we shift from less commercial to more residential deliveries. The increased costs in our supply chain are likely to continue. Furthermore, we have experienced restricted product availability in certain categories, and while we have significantly increased our purchases across many categories, including new product categories, we have faced and may continue to face delays or difficulty sourcing certain products. In addition, we may fail to adequately identify certain regulatory requirements for new products which could negatively impact us.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts us will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments that we are not able to predict, including: the severity and duration of the disease; recurrence of the outbreak; the possibility of a resulting global or regional economic downturn or recession; governmental, business and other actions, including any future

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government stimulus programs; the speed at which effective vaccines will be distributed and administrated to a sufficient number of people to help control the spread of the virus; the duration of social distancing and shelter-in-place orders affecting foot traffic in our stores; the impacts on our supply chain, including impacts to our distribution and logistics providers’ ability to operate or increases in their operating costs, which have and may continue to have an adverse effect on our ability to meet customer demand and has resulted and could continue to result in an increase in our costs of production and distribution, including increased freight and logistics costs and other expenses; disruption to our third-party manufacturing partners and other vendors, including through effects of facility closures, reductions in operating hours and work force, and real time changes in operating procedures, including for additional cleaning and disinfection procedures; the impact of the pandemic on economic activity; customer reduction in workforce and furloughs; the extent and duration of the effect on consumer confidence and spending, customer demand and buying patterns including spending on discretionary categories; the effects of additional store closures or other changes to our operations; the health of and the effect on our workforce and our ability to meet staffing needs in our stores, distribution facilities, and other critical functions, particularly members of our work force who have been quarantined as a result of exposure; any impairment in value of our tangible or intangible assets which could be recorded as a result of weaker economic conditions; and the potential effects on our internal controls including those over financial reporting as a result of changes in working environments such as shelter-in-place and similar orders that are applicable to our employees and business partners, among others. In addition, if the pandemic continues to create disruptions or turmoil in the credit or financial markets, it could adversely affect our ability to access capital on favorable terms and continue to meet our liquidity needs, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

In addition, we cannot predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our customers, employees, suppliers, vendors, other business partners, and each of their financial conditions; however, any material effect on these parties could adversely impact us. The impact of COVID-19 may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this section, any of which could have a material effect on us. The situation surrounding COVID-19 remains fluid and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.

Our business is highly competitive and failure to adequately differentiate ourselves or respond to shifting consumer demands could continue to adversely impact our financial performance.

The office products market is highly competitive and we compete locally, domestically and internationally with office supply resellers, including Staples, Internet-based companies such as Amazon.com, mass merchandisers such as Wal-Mart and Target, wholesale clubs such as Costco, Sam’s Club and BJs, computer and electronics superstores such as Best Buy, food and drug stores, discount stores, and direct marketing companies. Some competitors may offer a broader assortment of products or have more extensive e-commerce channels, while others have substantially greater financial resources to devote to sourcing, marketing and selling their products. The ability of consumers to compare prices on a real-time basis using digital technology puts additional pressure on us to maintain competitive pricing. In addition, consumers are utilizing more technology and purchasing less paper, ink and toner, physical file storage and general office supplies. In order to achieve and maintain expected profitability levels, we must continue to grow by adding new customers and taking market share from competitors. If we are not able to compete effectively, it could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

The retail sector continues to focus on delivery services, with customers increasingly seeking faster, guaranteed delivery times and low-price or free shipping. Our ability to be competitive on delivery times and delivery costs depends on many factors, and our failure to successfully manage these factors and offer competitive delivery options could negatively impact the demand for our products and our profit margins. Because our business strategy is based on offering superior levels of customer service and a full range of services to complement the products we offer, our cost structure might be higher than some of our competitors, and this, in conjunction with price transparency, could put pressure on our margins.

In addition, the CompuCom Division operates in an environment that is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to shifting client needs and expectations. We compete with companies that provide IT services and outsourcing, as well as companies that sell IT related products. If we are unable to: (i) provide technology solutions and services that meet consumer needs; (ii) continuously provide products and services that are up-to-date and among the latest trends in the rapidly changing technological environment; (iii) differentiate ourselves from other providers who offer similar products and services; and (iv) effectively compete, our sales and financial performance could be negatively impacted.

Our quarterly operating results are subject to fluctuation due to the seasonality of our business.

Our business, except for CompuCom, experiences a certain level of seasonality with sales generally trending lower in the second quarter, following the “back-to-business” sales cycle in the first quarter and preceding the “back-to-school” sales cycle in the third quarter and the holiday sales cycle in the fourth quarter. As a result, our operating results have fluctuated from quarter to quarter in the past, with sales and profitability being generally stronger in the second half of our fiscal year than the first half of our fiscal year. Factors that could also cause these quarterly fluctuations include: the pricing behavior of our competitors; the types and mix of

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products sold; the level of advertising and promotional expenses; severe weather; global pandemic; macroeconomic factors that affect consumer confidence and spending; and the other risk factors described in this section. Most of our operating expenses, such as occupancy costs and associate salaries, are not variable, and so short-term adjustments to reflect quarterly results are difficult. As a result, if sales in certain quarters are significantly below expectations, we may not be able to proportionately reduce operating expenses for that quarter, and therefore such a sales shortfall would have an adverse effect on our net income for the quarter.

Increases in fuel and other commodity prices could have an adverse impact on our earnings.

We operate a large network of retail stores, delivery centers, and delivery vehicles. As such, we purchase significant amounts of fuel needed to transport products to our retail stores and customers as well as shipping costs to import products from overseas. While we may hedge our anticipated fuel purchases, the underlying commodity costs associated with this transport activity is beyond our control and may be volatile. Disruptions in availability of fuel could cause our operating costs to rise significantly to the extent not covered by our hedges and could have a negative impact on our ability to operate our transportation networks. Additionally, other commodity prices, such as paper, may increase and we may not be able to pass along such costs to our customers. Fluctuations in the availability or cost of our energy and other commodity prices could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.

Increased transportation costs and changes in the relationships with independent shipping companies may have an adverse effect on our business.

We rely upon third party carriers for timely delivery of our product shipments. As a result, we are subject to carrier disruptions and increased costs due to factors that are beyond our control, including employee strikes, inclement weather and increased fuel costs. Any failure to deliver products to our customers in a timely and accurate manner may damage our reputation and brand and may cause us to lose customers. If our relationship with any of these third party carriers is terminated or impaired, or if any of these third parties are unable to ship products for us, we would be required to use alternative, and possibly more expensive, carriers for the shipment of products. We may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis or on terms favorable to us, if at all, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Changes in shipping terms, or the inability of these third party shippers to perform effectively (whether as a result of mechanical failure, casualty loss, labor stoppage, or any other reason), may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, deterioration of the financial condition of these third-party carriers may have an adverse effect on our shipping costs. Any future increases in shipping rates may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, particularly if we are unable to pass on these higher costs to our customers.

Macroeconomic conditions have had and may continue to adversely affect our business and financial performance.

Our operating results and performance depend significantly on economic conditions and their impact on business and consumer spending. In the past, the decline in business and consumer spending has caused our comparable retail store sales to decline from prior periods. Our business and financial performance may continue to be adversely affected by current and future economic conditions, including, without limitation, the level of consumer debt, high levels of unemployment, higher interest rates and the ability of our customers to obtain credit, which may cause a continued or further decline in business and consumer spending.

Catastrophic events could adversely affect our operating results.

The risk or actual occurrence of various catastrophic events could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. Such events may be caused by, for example:

Such events can adversely affect our business continuity, our work force and prevent employees and customers from reaching our retail stores and properties and can disrupt or disable portions of our supply chain and distribution network. They can also affect our information systems, resulting in disruption to various aspects of our operations, including our ability to transact with customers and fulfill orders. As a consequence of these or other catastrophic events, we may endure interruption to our operations or losses of property, equipment or inventory, which would adversely affect our revenue and profitability. For example, hurricanes can disrupt

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operations in the southeastern United States where a heavy concentration of our customers are located, and negatively impact sales in both our Business Solutions and Retail Divisions.

Risks Related to our Business and Operations

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of an unsolicited tender offer.

On January 11, 2021, the Company received a proposal from USR Parent, Inc., the parent company of Staples Inc. and a portfolio company of Sycamore Partners, to acquire 100% of the Company’s issued and outstanding stock for $40.00 per share in cash (the “Proposal”). After careful review and consideration of the Proposal and in consultation with our financial and legal advisors, our Board of Directors unanimously concluded that there is a more compelling path forward to create value for the Company and our shareholders than the potential transaction described in the Proposal. In the Proposal, USR Parent, Inc. also stated its intention to commence a public, all-cash tender offer for 100% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock in March 2021 in the event it is unable to reach a negotiated agreement with the Company.

These events have required us, and may continue to require us, to incur significant legal fees and other expenses, and have required, and may continue to require, significant time and attention by our management and our Board of Directors. Further, any perceived uncertainties among current and potential customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies as to our future direction as a consequence of these events may result in lost sales and the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. Actions that our Board of Directors has taken, and may take in the future, in response to any offer and related actions by USR Parent, Inc. or any other offer or proposal may result in litigation against us. These lawsuits may be a significant distraction for our management and employees and may require us to incur significant costs. Moreover, if determined adversely to us, these lawsuits could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We believe the future trading price of our common stock could be subject to wide price fluctuations based on uncertainty associated with the Proposal. If USR Parent, Inc. commences a tender offer, then additional consequences are likely to follow that could have significant adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition, the value of our shares of common stock or our shareholders’ interests in the Company.

Our Board of Directors has adopted a limited duration stockholder rights agreement, which could delay or discourage a merger, tender offer, or assumption of control of the Company not approved by our Board of Directors.

On May 5, 2020, our Board of Directors adopted a limited duration stockholder rights plan, which was amended and restated in its entirety in connection with the Reorganization on June 30, 2020 (as amended, the “Rights Plan”) with an expiration date of May 4, 2021 and an ownership trigger threshold of 10%, subject to certain exceptions. In connection with the Rights Plan, our Board of Directors authorized and declared a dividend to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 21, 2020 of one preferred share purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of our common stock.

The Rights Plan is intended to enable all of our shareholders to realize the full potential value of their investment in the Company and to protect the interests of the Company and its shareholders by reducing the likelihood that any person or group gains control of the Company through open market accumulation or other tactics without paying an appropriate control premium. The Rights Plan could render more difficult, or discourage, a merger, tender offer, or assumption of control of the Company that is not approved by our Board of Directors, even if such a transaction would be beneficial to our shareholders. These deterrents could adversely affect the price of our common stock. The Rights Plan, however, should not interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by our Board of Directors.

Our focus on services exposes us to certain risks that could have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability as well as our reputation.

Our transformation into a more business services-driven platform that delivers a full range of services complements our product offerings, including consultation, design, delivery, installation, set-up, protection plans, repair, and technical support. These services can differentiate us from many of our competitors and provide an opportunity to deliver superior customer service while generating additional revenue and profit. However, designing, marketing and executing these services successfully and consistently is subject to risks. These risks include, for example:

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As customers increasingly migrate to websites and mobile applications to initiate transactions, it is inherently more difficult to demonstrate and explain the features and benefits of our service offerings, which can lead to a lower revenue mix of these services. Our ability to compete successfully depends on our ability to ensure a continuing and timely introduction of innovative new products, services and technologies to the marketplace. If we are unable to pivot into a more business services-driven platform and sell innovative new products, our ability to gain a competitive advantage could be adversely affected.

These expanded risks increase the complexity of our business and places significant responsibility on our management, employees, operations, systems, technical expertise, financial resources, and internal financial and regulatory control and reporting functions. In addition, new initiatives we test through trials and pilots may not scale or grow effectively or as we expected, which could limit our growth and negatively affect our operating results. They may also involve significant laws or regulations that are beyond our current expertise.

If we are unable to successfully refine and execute our business strategies, our operating performance could be significantly impacted.

Our ability to both refine our operating and strategic plans and execute the business activities associated with our refined plans, including cost savings initiatives, could impact our ability to meet our operating performance targets.

Our business strategy also includes making acquisitions and investments that complement our existing business as well as strategic divestitures to maximize value. These acquisitions and investments or divestitures could be unsuccessful or consume significant resources, which could adversely affect our operating results.

Our ability to achieve the benefits we anticipate from acquisitions we make will depend in large part upon whether we are able to leverage the capabilities of the acquired companies to grow revenue across our combined organization, manage the acquired company’s business, execute our strategy in an efficient and effective manner and realize anticipated cost synergies. In addition, private companies recently acquired which were previously not subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), may lack certain internal controls, which could ultimately affect our ability to ensure compliance with the requirements of SOX.

Because our business and the business of acquired companies may differ operationally, we may not be able to effectively manage or oversee the operations of the acquired company’s business smoothly or successfully and the process of achieving expected revenue growth and cost synergies may take longer than expected. If we are unable to successfully manage the operations of the acquired company’s business, we may be unable to realize the revenue growth, cost synergies and other anticipated benefits we expect to achieve as a result of the acquisition.

While our business strategy may contemplate divestitures of certain business units, we may not be able to complete these divestitures on terms favorable to us, on a timely basis, or at all. Furthermore, desired or proposed divestitures of business units may not meet all of our strategic objectives or our growth or profitability targets. Our divestiture activities, or related activities such as reorganizations, restructuring programs and transformation initiatives, may require us to recognize impairment charges or to take action to reduce costs that remain after we complete a divestiture. Gains or losses on the sales of, or lost operating income from those businesses may also affect our profitability.

We have retained responsibility for liabilities of acquired companies that may adversely affect our financial results.

OfficeMax sponsors defined benefit pension plans covering certain terminated employees, vested employees, retirees, and some active employees (the “Pension Plans”). The Pension Plans are frozen and do not allow new entrants; however, they are under-funded and we may be required to make contributions in subsequent years in order to maintain required funding levels. Required future contributions could have an adverse impact on our cash flows and our financial results. Additional future contributions to the Pension Plans, financial market performance and Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) funding requirements could materially change these expected payments.

As part of the sale of our business in Europe, we have retained responsibility for the defined benefit plan covering certain employees in the United Kingdom. While the plan was in a net asset position at the end of 2020, changes in assumptions and actual experience could result in that plan being considered underfunded in the future. Additionally, we have agreed to make contributions to the plan as required by the trustees. Financial performance of the plan and future valuation assumptions could materially change the expected payments. In addition, as part of the sale transaction, the purchaser shall indemnify and hold us harmless in connection with any

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guarantees in place as of September 23, 2016, and given by us in respect of the liabilities or obligations of the European business. Further, if the purchaser wishes to terminate any such guarantee or cease to comply with any underlying obligation which is subject to such a guarantee, the purchaser shall obtain an unconditional and irrevocable release of the guarantee. However, we are contingently liable in the event of a breach by the purchaser of any such obligation.

In connection with OfficeMax’s sale of its paper, forest products and timberland assets in 2004, OfficeMax agreed to assume responsibility for certain liabilities of the businesses sold. These obligations include liabilities related to environmental, asbestos, health and safety, tax, litigation and employee benefit matters. Some of these retained liabilities could turn out to be significant, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Our exposure to these liabilities could harm our ability to compete with other office products distributors who would not typically be subject to similar liabilities.

If we are unable to successfully maintain a relevant experience for our customers, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

With the increasing use of digital technology to shop in our retail stores and online, we rely on our omni-channel capabilities to provide a seamless shopping experience to our customers and to keep pace with new developments by our competitors. If we are unable to attract and retain team members or contract third parties with the specialized skills needed to support our omni-channel platforms or are unable to implement improvements to our customer-facing technology in a timely manner, our ability to compete and our results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, if our website and our other customer-facing technology systems do not function as designed, the customer experience could be negatively affected, resulting in a loss of customer confidence and satisfaction, and lost sales, which could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Moreover, changes in customer preferences have reduced, and may continue to reduce, demand for our products and services in certain markets. If we fail to manage changes in our relationships with our long-term customers, it may have an adverse effect on our financial results.

Many end markets are experiencing changes due to technological progress, an evolving workplace and changes in customer preferences.  In order to grow and remain competitive, we will need to continue to adapt to future changes in technology, enhance our existing offerings and introduce new offerings to address the changing demands of customers. If we are unable to continue to utilize new and existing technologies to adapt to new distribution methods and address changing customer preferences, our business may be adversely affected.

Technological developments and changing demands of customers may require additional investment in new equipment and technologies. We must monitor changes in markets and develop new solutions to meet customers’ needs, otherwise we may not be able to keep or grow our customer base. The development of such solutions may be costly and there is no assurance that these solutions will be accepted by our customers. If we are unable to adapt to technological changes on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost, customers’ demand for our products and services may be adversely affected.

There can be no assurance that our customers will continue to purchase our products in the same mix or quantities or on the same terms as in the past. The loss of or disruptions related to customers may result in a reduction in sales or change in the mix of products we sell to our customers. This may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Additionally, disputes with significant suppliers, including those related to pricing or performance, may adversely affect our ability to supply products to our customers and also our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We have incurred significant impairment charges and we continue to incur impairment charges.

We regularly assess past performance and make estimates and projections of future performance at an individual store and reporting unit level. Reduced sales, our shift in strategy to be less price promotional, as well as competitive factors and changes in consumer spending habits resulted in a downward adjustment of anticipated future cash flows for the individual retail stores that resulted in the impairment. We continue to foresee challenges in the market and economy that could adversely impact our operations. To the extent that forward-looking sales and operating assumptions are not achieved and are subsequently reduced, or if we implement the more aggressive store downsizing strategy contemplated by our Maximize B2B Restructuring, including allocating capital to further modify store formats, additional impairment charges may result. We have also recognized impairment charges on retail store related assets, including operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, that were deemed unrecoverable based on the Comprehensive Business Review and the Business Acceleration Program. Additional asset impairments may be recognized based on future decisions and conditions.

Changes in the numerous variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates we make, in assessing the appropriate valuation of our goodwill and other intangible assets of our reporting units, including changes resulting from macroeconomic, or disposition of components within reporting units, could in the future require a reduction of goodwill and recognition of related non-

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cash impairment charges. If we were required to further impair our store assets, our goodwill or intangible assets of our reporting units, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

In addition, if we experience a decline in our market capitalization in the future, and if the decline becomes sustained or future declines in macroeconomic factors or business conditions occur, we could incur impairment charges in future periods.

Our failure to effectively manage our real estate portfolio may negatively impact our operating results.

Effective management of our real estate portfolio is critical to our omni-channel strategy. Most of our properties are subject to long-term leases. As such, it is essential that we effectively evaluate a range of factors that may influence the success of our long-term real estate strategy. Such factors include but are not limited to:

The consequences for failure to effectively evaluate these factors or negotiate appropriate terms or anticipate changes could include:

These consequences could have a materially adverse impact on our profitability, cash flows and liquidity.

For leased property, the financial impact of exiting a location varies greatly depending on, among other factors, the terms of the lease, the condition of the local real estate market, demand for the specific property, our relationship with the landlord and the availability of potential sub-lease tenants. It is difficult for us to influence some of these factors, and the costs of exiting a property can be significant. In addition to rent, we are still responsible for the maintenance, taxes, insurance and common area maintenance charges for vacant properties until the lease commitment expires or is terminated. Similarly, when we enter into a contract with a tenant to sub-lease property, we usually retain our obligations as the master lessor. This leaves us at risk for any remaining liability in the event of default by the sub-lease tenant.

We do a significant amount of business with government entities, various purchasing consortiums, and through sole- or limited- source distribution arrangements, and loss of this business could negatively impact our results.

One of our largest customer groups consists of various governmental entities, government agencies and non-profit organizations, such as purchasing consortiums. Contracting with U.S. state and local governments is highly competitive, subject to federal and state procurement laws, requires more restrictive contract terms and can be expensive and time-consuming. Violations of these laws and

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regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions, the inability to participate in existing or future government contracting and other administrative sanctions. Any such penalties could result in damage to the Company's reputation, increased costs of compliance and/or remediation and could adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, bidding on government contracts often requires that we incur significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that we will win a contract. Our ability to compete successfully for and retain business with federal, state and local governments is highly dependent on cost-effective performance. Our business with governmental entities and agencies is also sensitive to changes in national and international priorities and their respective budgets, which in the current economy continue to decrease.

We also service a substantial amount of business through agreements with purchasing consortiums and other sole- or limited-source distribution arrangements. If we are unsuccessful in retaining these customers, or if there is a significant reduction in sales under any of these arrangements, it could adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Failure to attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse impact on our business.

Our performance is highly dependent on attracting, retaining and engaging appropriately qualified employees in our retail stores, service centers, distribution centers, field and corporate offices. The market for qualified employees, with the right talent and competencies, is highly competitive. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified employees include employee morale, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers, availability of qualified personnel and our ability to offer appropriate compensation and benefits packages. We operate in a competitive labor market and there is a risk that market increases in compensation and benefits costs could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. Failure to recruit or retain qualified employees, and the inability to keep our supply of skills and resources in balance with customer demand, may impair our efficiency and effectiveness, our ability to pursue growth opportunities and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a significant amount of turnover of our executive team or other employees in key positions with specific knowledge relating to us, our operations and our industry, may negatively impact our operations.

We depend on our executive management team and other key personnel, and the inability to recruit and retain certain personnel could adversely affect our performance and result in the loss of management continuity and institutional knowledge.

Although certain members of our executive team have entered into agreements relating to their employment with us, most of our key personnel are not bound by employment agreements, and those with employment or retention agreements are bound only for a limited period of time. If we are unable to retain our key personnel, we may be unable to successfully develop and implement our business plans, which may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Failure to maintain our reputation and brand at a high level, may adversely impact our financial performance.

Effective marketing efforts play a crucial role in maintaining attracting new customers and retain existing customers. Failure to execute effective marketing efforts or misjudgment of consumer responses to our existing or future promotional activities, may adversely impact our financial performance.

Failure to detect, prevent, or mitigate issues that might give rise to reputational risk or failure to adequately address negative publicity or perceptions could adversely impact our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. Issues that might pose a reputational risk include an inability to achieve our omni-channel goals, including providing an e-commerce and delivery experience that meets the expectations of consumers; failure of our cyber-security measures to protect against data breaches; product liability and product recalls; our social media activity; failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations; and any of the other risks enumerated in these risk factors. In addition, information concerning us, whether or not true, may be instantly and easily posted on social media platforms at any time, which information may be adverse to our reputation or brand. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. If our reputation or brand is damaged, our customers may refuse to continue shopping with us, potential employees may be unwilling to work for us, business partners may be discouraged from seeking future business dealings with us and, as a result, our operations and financial results may suffer.

Our exclusive brand products are subject to several additional product, supply chain and legal risks that could affect our operating results.

In recent years, we have substantially increased the number and types of products that we sell under our own brands including Office Depot®, OfficeMax® and other proprietary brands. While we have focused on the quality of our proprietary branded products, we rely on third parties to manufacture these products. Such third-party manufacturers may prove to be unreliable, the quality of our globally sourced products may vary from our expectations and standards, such products may not meet applicable regulatory requirements which may require us to recall those products, or such products may infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties. Moreover, as we seek indemnities from the manufacturers of these products, the uncertainty of realization of any such

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indemnity and the lack of understanding of U.S. product liability laws in certain foreign jurisdictions make it more likely that we may have to respond to claims or complaints from our customers.

Our business may be adversely affected by the actions of and risks related to the activities of our third-party vendors.

We purchase products for resale under credit arrangements with our vendors and have been able to negotiate payment terms that are approximately equal in length to the time it takes to sell the vendor’s products. When the global economy is experiencing weakness as it has in the past, vendors may seek credit insurance to protect against non-payment of amounts due to them. If we experience declining operating performance and severe liquidity challenges, vendors may demand that we accelerate our payment for their products or require cash on delivery, which could have an adverse impact on our operating cash flow and result in severe stress on our liquidity. Borrowings under our existing credit facility could reach maximum levels under such circumstances, causing us to seek alternative liquidity measures, but we may not be able to meet our obligations as they become due until we secure such alternative measures.

We use and resell many manufacturers’ branded items and services. We rely on key vendors who may have a large market share of the categories of products and services that we resell in order to provide best in class solutions to our customers. As a result, we are dependent on the availability and pricing of key products and services, including but not limited to ink, toner, paper and technology products and key vendors could change their business strategies or models and no longer offer products or services of value to our customers. As a reseller, we cannot control the supply, design, function, cost or vendor-required conditions of sale of many of the products we offer for sale. Disruptions in the availability of these products or the products and services we provide to our customers coupled with our inability to quickly pivot and find new products and services to our portfolio of offerings may adversely affect our sales and result in customer dissatisfaction. Further, we cannot control the cost of manufacturers’ products, and cost increases must either be passed along to our customers or will result in erosion of our earnings.

Failure to identify desirable products and make them available to our customers when desired and at attractive prices could have an adverse effect on our business and our results of operations. In addition, a material interruption in service by the carriers that ship goods within our supply chain may adversely affect our sales. Many of our vendors are small or medium-sized businesses which are impacted by current macroeconomic conditions, both in the U.S., Asia and other locations. We may have no warning before a vendor fails, which may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We also engage key third-party business partners to support various functions of our business, including but not limited to, information technology, web hosting and cloud-based services, human resource operations, customer loyalty programs, gift cards, customer warranty, delivery and installation, technical support, transportation and insurance programs. Any material disruption in our relationship with key third-party business partners or any disruption in the services or systems provided or managed by third parties could impact our revenues and cost structure and hinder our operations, particularly if a disruption occurs during peak revenue periods.

Product safety and quality concerns could have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability.

If the products we sell fail to meet applicable safety standards or our customers’ expectations regarding safety and quality, we could be exposed to increased legal risk and our reputation may be damaged. Failure to take appropriate actions in relation to product recalls could lead to breaches in laws and regulations and leave us susceptible to government enforcement actions or private litigation. Recalls of products, particularly when combined with lack of available alternatives or our difficulty in sourcing sufficient volumes of replacement products, could also have a material adverse impact on our revenue and profitability.

Disruption of global sourcing activities, evolving foreign trade policy (including tariffs imposed on certain foreign made goods) could negatively impact the cost and availability of our products.

Economic and civil unrest in areas of the world where we source products, as well as shipping and dockage issues, could adversely impact the availability or cost of our products, or both. Most of our goods imported to the U.S. arrive from Asia through ports located on the U.S. west coast and we are therefore subject to potential disruption due to labor unrest, security issues or natural disasters affecting any or all of these ports. In addition, we purchase and source products from a wide variety of suppliers, including from suppliers overseas, particularly in China. As a consequence, trade restrictions, including new or increased tariffs, quotas, embargoes, sanctions, safeguards, customs restrictions, epidemics/pandemics, like COVID-19, and mandatory government closures could increase our cost of goods sold or reduce the supply of the products available to us. There is no assurance that any such increased costs could be passed on to our customers, or that we could find alternative products from other sources at comparable prices. To the extent that we are subject to more challenging regulatory environments and enhanced legal and regulatory requirements, such exposure could have a material adverse effect on our business, including the added cost of increased compliance measures that we may determine to be necessary.

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General trade tensions between the U.S. and China, which began escalating in 2018, could have a negative impact on our business. We have incurred incremental costs related to trade tariffs on inventory we purchase from China, but such costs have not had a material impact on our results of operations. We continue to monitor and evaluate the potential impact of the effective and proposed tariffs as well as other recent changes in foreign trade policy on our supply chain, costs, sales and profitability and have implemented strategies to mitigate such impact, including changes to our contracting model, alternative sourcing strategies and selective price increase pass-through efforts. If any of these events continue as described, they could disrupt the movement of products through our supply chain or increase their cost. In addition, while we may be able to shift our sourcing options, executing such a shift would be time consuming and would be difficult or impracticable for many products and may result in an increase in our manufacturing costs. Substantial regulatory uncertainty exists regarding foreign trade and trade policy, both in the United States and abroad. The adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, retaliatory tariffs, or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, our customers, our suppliers, and/or the U.S. economy, which in turn could adversely impact our results of operations and business.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Liquidity

Covenants in our credit facility could adversely impact our operations.

Our asset-based credit facility contains a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant that is operative only when borrowing availability is below 10% of the Borrowing Base (as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) or prior to a restricted transaction, such as incurring additional indebtedness, acquisitions, dispositions, dividends, or share repurchases if we do not have the required liquidity. The agreement governing our credit facility (the “Third Amended Credit Agreement” as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) also contains representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and default provisions. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our Third Amended Credit Agreement. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under our Third Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If the lenders were to accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay our asset-based credit facility and our other indebtedness. Also, should there be an event of default, or a need to obtain waivers following an event of default, we may be subject to higher borrowing costs and/or more restrictive covenants in future periods. Acceleration of our obligations under our credit facilities would permit the holders of our other material debt to accelerate their obligations. We were in compliance with all applicable covenants as of December 26, 2020.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance

We are subject to legal proceedings and legal compliance risks.

We are involved in various legal proceedings, which from time to time may involve class action lawsuits, state and federal governmental inquiries, audits and investigations, environmental matters, employment, tort, state false claims act, consumer litigation and intellectual property litigation. At times, such matters may involve directors and/or executive officers. Certain of these legal proceedings, including government investigations, may be a significant distraction to management and could expose our Company to significant liability, including settlement expenses, damages, fines, penalties, attorneys’ fees and costs, and non-monetary sanctions, including suspensions and debarments from doing business with certain government agencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. For a description of our legal proceedings, refer to Note 17. “Commitments and Contingencies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in tax laws in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate can cause fluctuations in our overall tax rate impacting our reported earnings.

Our tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various domestic and international jurisdictions in which we operate. While we have disposed of the majority of our international businesses, we remain subject to international taxes as part of our existing operations. Depending upon the sources of our income, any agreements we may have with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions, and the tax filing positions we take in these jurisdictions, our overall tax rate may fluctuate significantly from other companies or even our own past tax rates. In addition, changes in applicable U.S. or foreign tax laws and regulations, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or their interpretation and application, including the possibility of retroactive effect, could affect our tax expense and profitability. At any given point in time, we base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate upon a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to us and to estimates of the amount of income likely to be generated in any given geography. The loss of or modification to one or more agreements with taxing jurisdictions, whether as a result of a third party challenge, negotiation, or otherwise, a change in the mix of our business from year to year and from country to country, changes in rules related to accounting for income taxes, changes in tax laws in any of the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate, changes in valuation allowances, or adverse outcomes from the tax audits that regularly are in process in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate could result in substantial volatility, including an unfavorable change in our overall tax rate and/or our effective tax rate.

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Increases in wage and benefit costs, changes in laws and other labor regulations could impact our financial results and cash flow.

Our expenses relating to employee labor, including employee health benefits, are significant. Our ability to control our employee and related labor costs is generally subject to numerous external factors, including prevailing wage rates, legislative and private sector initiatives regarding healthcare reform, and adoption of new or revised employment and labor laws and regulations. Recently, various legislative movements have sought to increase the federal minimum wage in the United States and the minimum wage in a number of individual states, some of which have been successful at the state level. As federal or state minimum wage rates increase, we may need to increase not only the wage rates of our minimum wage employees, but also the wages paid to our other employees as well. Further, should we fail to increase our wages competitively in response to increasing wage rates, the quality of our workforce could decline, causing our customer service to suffer. Any increase in the cost of our labor could have an adverse effect on our operating costs, financial condition and results of operations. We have a large employee base and while our management believes that our employee relations are good, we cannot be assured that we will not experience organization efforts from labor unions. The potential for unionization could increase if federal legislation is passed that would facilitate labor organization. Significant union representation would require us to negotiate wages, salaries, benefits and other terms with many of our employees collectively and could adversely affect our results of operations by significantly increasing our labor costs or otherwise restricting our ability to maximize the efficiency of our operations.

We also have employees in Canada, Mexico, India, Costa Rica and Asia and are required to comply with laws and regulations in those countries that may differ substantially from country to country, requiring significant management attention and cost.

Changes in the regulatory environment and violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws may negatively impact our business.

We are subject to regulations relating to our corporate conduct and the conduct of our business, including securities laws, consumer protection laws, hazardous material regulations, trade regulations, advertising regulations, privacy and cybersecurity laws, and wage and hour regulations and anti-corruption legislation. Certain jurisdictions have taken a particularly aggressive stance with respect to such matters and have implemented new initiatives and reforms, including more stringent regulations, disclosure and compliance requirements.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in anti-bribery law enforcement activity with more frequent and aggressive investigations and enforcement proceedings by both the Department of Justice and the SEC, increased enforcement activity by non-U.S. regulators and increases in criminal and civil proceedings brought against companies and individuals. Our policies mandate compliance with all anti-bribery laws. However, we operate in certain countries that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption. Our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or third-party intermediaries. Violations of these anti-bribery laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Risks Related to Information Technology and Information Security

Disruptions of our computer systems could adversely affect our operations.

We rely heavily on computer systems to process transactions, including delivery of technology services, manage our inventory and supply-chain and to summarize and analyze our global business. Various components of our information technology and computer systems, including hardware, networks, and software, are licensed to us and hosted by third party vendors.  

Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber-attack or other security breaches, catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, acts of war or terrorism, and usage errors by our employees. If our computer systems are damaged or cease to function properly, or, if we do not replace or upgrade certain systems, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them and may experience an interruption of our normal business activities or loss of critical data.

We maintain and periodically upgrade many of these systems that increase productivity and efficiency.  If these systems are not properly maintained or enhanced, the attention of our workforce could be diverted and our ability to provide the level of service our customers demand could be constrained for some time. Failure to make such investments could limit our ability to compete against our peers that are investing in these areas. Further, new systems might not properly integrate with existing systems. Also, once implemented, the new systems and technology may not provide the intended efficiencies or anticipated benefits and could add costs and complications to our ongoing operations.

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A breach of our information technology systems could adversely affect our reputation, business partner and customer relationships and operations and result in high costs.

Through our sales, marketing activities, and use of third-party information, we collect and store certain personally identifiable information that our customers provide to purchase products or services, enroll in promotional programs, register on our website, or otherwise communicate and interact with us. This may include, but is not limited to, names, addresses, phone numbers, driver license numbers, e-mail addresses, contact preferences, personally identifiable information stored on electronic devices, and payment account information, including credit and debit card information. We also gather and retain information about our employees in the normal course of business. We may share information about such persons with vendors that assist with certain aspects of our business. In addition, our online operations depend upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, such as information permitting cashless payments.

We have instituted safeguards for the protection of such information and invested considerable resources, including insurance to cover cyber liabilities, in protecting our systems. These security measures may be compromised as a result of third-party security breaches, burglaries, cyber-attack, errors by our employees or the employees of third-party vendors, faulty password management, misappropriation of data by employees, vendors or unaffiliated third parties, or other irregularity, and result in persons obtaining unauthorized access to our data or accounts. Despite instituted safeguards for the protection of such information, we cannot be certain that all of our systems and those of our vendors and unaffiliated third parties are entirely free from vulnerability to attack or compromise given that the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently. During the normal course of our business, we have experienced and we expect to continue to experience attempts to breach our systems, none of which has been material to the Company to date, and we may be unable to protect sensitive data and the integrity of our systems or to prevent fraudulent purchases. We are also subject to data privacy and security laws and regulations, the number and complexity of which are increasing globally, and despite reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that we will not be the subject of enforcement or other legal actions in the event of an incident. Moreover, an alleged or actual security breach that affects our systems or results in the unauthorized release of personally identifiable information could:

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

There can be no assurance that we will resume paying cash dividends.

Decisions regarding dividends depend on a number of factors, including general business and economic conditions, our financial condition, operating results and restrictions imposed by our debt agreements, the emergence of alternative investment or acquisition opportunities, changes in business strategy and other factors. Decisions on dividends are within the discretion of the Board of Directors. In order to preserve liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic and in light of the uncertainties as to its duration and economic impact, in May 2020, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended the Company’s quarterly cash dividend beginning in the second quarter of 2020. Our quarterly cash dividend remains temporarily suspended. Changes in or the elimination of dividends could have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.

Our common stock price has been and may continue to be subject to volatility, and shareholders could incur substantial losses of any investment in our common stock.

Our common stock price has experienced volatility over time and this volatility may continue, in part due to factors mentioned in this Item 1A or due to other market-driven events beyond our control. As a result of these and other factors, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or above their original purchase price.

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Our amended and restated bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Chancery Court”), or, if the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the district of Delaware or other state courts located in the State of Delaware, as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, which could discourage lawsuits against us and our directors and officers.

Pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Chancery Court (or, if the Chancery Court does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware) is the sole and exclusive forum for any shareholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring: (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees to us or our shareholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, except as to each of (1) through (4) above, for any claim as to which the Court of Chancery determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within ten days following such determination). This forum selection provision may limit the ability of our shareholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such shareholders find favorable for disputes with us or our directors or officers, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors and officers.

Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction.

PROPERTIES

As of December 26, 2020, we operated in the following locations:

STORES

Retail Division (United States)

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The supply chain facilities which we operate in the continental United States and Puerto Rico support our Business Solutions, Retail and CompuCom Divisions and the facilities in Canada support our Business Solutions and CompuCom Divisions. The following table sets forth the locations of our principal supply chain facilities as of December 26, 2020.

DCs and Crossdock Facilities

Our principal corporate headquarters in Boca Raton, FL consists of three interconnected buildings of approximately 625,000 square feet and our corporate office in Fort Mill, SC consists of approximately 152,000 square feet of office space. These facilities are considered to be in good condition, adequate for their purpose and suitably utilized according to the individual nature and requirements of the relevant operations. Although we currently own our corporate office in Boca Raton, FL, as well as a small number of our retail store locations, most of our facilities are leased or subleased. Additional information regarding our operating leases and leasing arrangements is available in Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 12. “Leases” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

For a description of our legal proceedings, refer to Note 17. “Commitments and Contingencies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol ODP.

Holders

As of the close of business on February 17, 2021, there were 3,742 holders of record of our common stock.

Cash Dividend

Prior to July 2016, we had never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. Beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2016, our Board of Directors declared and paid cash dividends on our common stock. In order to preserve liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic and in light of the uncertainties as to its duration and economic impact, in May 2020, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended the Company’s quarterly cash dividend beginning in the second quarter of 2020. Our quarterly cash dividend remains temporarily suspended.

The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock fall within the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our operating results, earnings, financial condition, the capital requirements of our business and other factors. Our Third Amended Credit Agreement permits restricted payments, such as dividends, but may be limited if we do not meet the required minimum liquidity or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements.

For additional information about cash dividends declared and paid in 2020, refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in MD&A and Note 13. “Stockholders’ Equity” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In November 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program of up to $100 million of our common stock effective January 1, 2019, which extended until the end of 2020. In November 2019, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the authorization of the existing stock repurchase program of up to $200 million and extended the program through the end of 2021. The current authorization includes the remaining authorized amount under the existing stock repurchase program. The stock repurchase authorization permits us to repurchase stock from time-to-time through a combination of open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, 10b5-1 trading plans, accelerated stock repurchase transactions and/or other derivative transactions. The exact number and timing of stock repurchases will depend on market conditions and other factors, and will be funded through available cash balances. Our Third Amended Credit Agreement permits restricted payments, such as common stock repurchases, but may be limited if we do not meet the required minimum liquidity or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements. The authorized amount under the stock repurchase program excludes fees, commissions or other expenses. As a result of the continued economic uncertainty due to COVID-19, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended the stock repurchase program in May 2020, however, the stock repurchase authorization remained effective. In November 2020, our Board of Directors approved the resumption of the stock repurchase program beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, which will run through the end of 2021.

The following table summarizes our common stock repurchases during the fourth quarter of 2020.

We purchased approximately 1 million shares of our common stock in the aggregate during the first and second quarters of fiscal 2020 at a weighted average price of $22.96 per common share. We made no repurchases of shares of common stock during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2020. For the year 2020, we purchased approximately 1 million shares of common stock for a total consideration of $30 million. At December 26, 2020, approximately $130 million remains available for additional purchases under the stock repurchase program.

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The ODP Corporation Stock Comparative Performance Graph

The information contained in The ODP Corporation Comparative Performance Graph section shall not be deemed to be filed as part of this Annual Report and does not constitute soliciting material and should not be deemed filed or incorporated by reference into any other filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate the graph by reference.

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (“S&P 500”) and the Standard & Poor’s Specialty Stores Index (“S&P Specialty Stores”) of which we are a component of each Index.

The graph assumes an investment of $100 at the close of trading on December 26, 2015, the last trading day of fiscal year 2015, in our common stock, the S&P 500 and the S&P Specialty Stores.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among The ODP Corporation, the S&P 500 Index

and the S&P Specialty Stores Index

*$100 invested on 12/26/15 in stock or 12/31/15 in index, including reinvestment of dividends. Indexes calculated on month-end basis.

Copyright© 2020 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial data at and for each of the five fiscal years in the period ended December 26, 2020. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto in Financial Statements and Supplemental Details and MD&A of this Annual Report. After obtaining the approval of our shareholders on May 11, 2020, our Board of Directors determined to set a reverse stock split ratio of 1-for-10 for a reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, and a reduction in the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock by a corresponding ratio. The reverse stock split was effective on June 30, 2020. All per share amounts in the following table have been retroactively adjusted for the prior periods presented to give effect to this reverse stock split.

We have accounted for the disposition of substantially all of the business formerly presented as the International Division as discontinued operations in all periods. The disposition was complete as of the end of fiscal 2018, and there are no further discontinued operations in 2020 and 2019. We have included the amounts associated with our acquired businesses from their dates of acquisition.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide information to assist readers in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. We recommend reading this MD&A in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in this Annual Report.

OVERVIEW

THE COMPANY

We are a leading provider of business services and supplies, products and digital workplace technology solutions to small, medium-sized and enterprise businesses. We operate through our direct and indirect subsidiaries and maintain a fully integrated business-to-business (“B2B”) distribution platform of thousands of dedicated sales and technology service professionals, online presence and 1,154 retail stores. Through our banner brands Office Depot®, OfficeMax®, CompuCom® and Grand&Toy®, as well as others, we offer our customers the tools and resources they need to focus on starting, growing and running their business.

At December 26, 2020, our operations are organized into three reportable segments (or “Divisions”): Business Solutions Division, Retail Division and CompuCom Division.

The Business Solutions Division, or BSD, is the largest component of our integrated B2B distribution platform and provides our customers with nationally branded as well as our private branded office supply products and services. Additionally, BSD provides adjacency products and services including cleaning and breakroom supplies, technology services, copy and print services, and office furniture products and services in the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Canada through a dedicated sales force, catalogs, telesales, and electronically through our Internet websites. BSD includes the regional office supply distribution businesses we have acquired as part of our strategic transformation described in the section below.

The Retail Division includes our chain of retail stores in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands where we sell office supplies, technology products and solutions, business machines and related supplies, print, cleaning, breakroom supplies and facilities products, and furniture. In addition, our Retail Division offers a range of business-related services targeted to small businesses, technology support services as well as printing, copying, mailing and shipping services.

The CompuCom Division is a technology services provider supporting the distributed technology needs of enterprise organizations in the United States and Canada. With a vision of connecting people, technology, and the edge with a seamless experience, CompuCom enables enterprise employees to be productive. CompuCom offers a broad range of solutions including technology lifecycle management, end user computing and collaboration, service desk, remote technology monitoring and management, and IT workforce solutions.

STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATION

Since 2017, we have been undergoing a strategic business transformation to pivot our Company into an integrated B2B distribution platform, with the objective of expanding our product offerings to include value-added services for our customers and capture greater market share. As part of this transformation, we are evolving our B2B business to include a new digital procurement platform focused on transforming the B2B procurement and sourcing industry. In connection with our development efforts in this area, in January 2021, we acquired BuyerQuest, a business services software company with an eProcurement platform. Also, on January 19, 2021, our Board of Directors announced that as a result of a business review of CompuCom, management has initiated a process to explore a value-maximizing sale of our CompuCom Division to maximize CompuCom’s full potential and drive forward its future value and success.

We continue to expand our reach and distribution network through acquisitions of profitable regional office supply distribution businesses, serving small and mid-market customers. Many of these customers are in geographic areas that were previously underserved by our network. During 2020, we acquired four small independent regional office supply distribution businesses which has allowed for an effective and accretive means to expand our distribution reach, target new business customers and grow our offerings beyond traditional office supplies.

The aggregate total purchase consideration, including contingent consideration, for the four acquisitions completed in 2020 was approximately $37 million, subject to certain customary post-closing adjustments. The aggregate purchase price was funded with cash on hand.

The operating results of the acquired office supply distribution businesses are combined with our operating results subsequent to their purchase dates, and are included in our Business Solutions Division. Refer to Note 2. “Acquisitions” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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STOCK SPLIT AND CORPORATE REORGANIZATION

After obtaining the approval of our shareholders on May 11, 2020, our Board of Directors determined to set a reverse stock split ratio of 1-for-10 for a reverse stock split of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, and a reduction in the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock by a corresponding ratio. The reverse stock split was effective on June 30, 2020. All share and per share amounts in this MD&A have been retroactively adjusted for the prior periods presented to give effect to this reverse stock split.

On March 31, 2020, our Board of Directors approved proceeding with the implementation of a Reorganization of the Company's corporate structure into a holding company structure. The Reorganization was completed on June 30, 2020, and Office Depot, Inc. became a wholly-owned subsidiary of a new holding company, The ODP Corporation, and replaced Office Depot, Inc. as the public company trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the ticker symbol “ODP”. All outstanding shares of Office Depot, Inc. were automatically converted into shares of common stock in The ODP Corporation. The Reorganization began the simplification of our legal entity and tax structure, more closely aligns our operating assets to their respective operating channels within the legal entity structure, and is intended to increase our operational flexibility. It did not result in a change in the directors, executive officers, management or business of the Company. In addition, the Reorganization is intended to be a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our shareholders.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Our COVID-19 Response

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the current outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. In response to this declaration and with the rapid spread of COVID-19 globally and throughout the United States, federal, state and local authorities have declared states of emergency and imposed varying degrees of restrictions on social and commercial activities, including travel restrictions and curfews, in order to promote social distancing in an effort to prevent and slow the spread of the disease. These restrictive measures have had significant adverse impacts on the national and global economy in 2020.

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have made supporting the health and wellness of our employees and customers a priority. Due to the nature of products sold in our retail locations and integrated business-to-business distribution platform, our business is considered to be essential by most local jurisdictions and has remained open and operational. Based upon the guidance of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (“CDC”) and local health authorities, we have put appropriate measures in place to help reduce the spread of infection to our employees and customers, including the institution of social distancing protocols and increased frequency of cleaning and sanitizing in those facilities. Since March 2020, employees who are able to, have been working from home, with only essential employees in our retail stores, customer support and distribution centers working on-site at our facilities, as well as technicians and field support on-site at customer locations, as necessary. We have also limited employee business travel to only essential business needs.

Overall demand for our products and services has declined significantly as a result of the disruptions experienced by our business customers from restrictions on commercial activities and social distancing measures, and we expect these demand fluctuations to continue into the first quarter of 2021 and beyond. The delayed start of the school year and the cancellation or delayed start of in-person school instruction across the U.S. as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak have also resulted in lower than historical levels of sales of back-to-school supplies. We experienced higher than forecasted demand in our eCommerce platform, as well as in our retail locations associated with certain product categories, such as furniture, technology products, cleaning and breakroom supplies and personal protective equipment that meet our customers’ needs arising from the risks related to potential exposure to COVID-19. In response to the volatility resulting from the pandemic, we have taken measures to protect our financial position during this challenging time period. These measures include creating contingency plans for merchandise categories that may be in high demand, adjusting our inventory levels, reducing certain occupancy costs, reducing nonessential expenses, and reducing our capital spend, among others. In May 2020, we proactively adopted a more conservative approach to our capital return program to preserve liquidity and maximum financial flexibility by temporarily suspending our share repurchases and quarterly cash dividend. In November 2020, our Board of Directors approved the resumption of the stock repurchase program beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, which will run through the end of 2021. Our quarterly cash dividend remains temporarily suspended.

Beginning towards the end of the second quarter of 2020, states and local jurisdictions started to phase out restrictions imposed on commercial activities at varying degrees, while certain states have extended or reinstated restrictions as the number of cases began to rise again towards the end of 2020. We continue to assess our outlook on a daily basis, but we are unable to accurately predict the pace and shape of the recovery from COVID-19 due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration of the pandemic, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the speed at which effective vaccines will be distributed and administrated to a sufficient number of people to enable cessation of the virus, additional disruption to the economy and consumers’ willingness and ability to spend, temporary or permanent closures of our business customers, supply chain disruptions and other unforeseeable consequences. As a

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result, we expect weaker global economic conditions and increased unemployment, including continued business disruption relating to COVID-19 and resulting governmental actions will continue to negatively impact our business and results of operations in the first quarter of 2021 and beyond, as well as result in future impairments of our assets.

USR Parent, Inc. Proposal

On January 11, 2021, we received a proposal from USR Parent, Inc., the parent company of Staples Inc. and a portfolio company of Sycamore Partners, to acquire 100% of our issued and outstanding stock for $40.00 per share in cash (the “Proposal”). After careful review and consideration of the Proposal and in consultation with our financial and legal advisors, our Board of Directors unanimously concluded that there is a more compelling path forward to create value for us and our shareholders than the potential transaction described in the Proposal. On January 19, 2021, we filed a statement on Schedule 14D-9 with the SEC containing our Board of Director’s recommendation. We anticipate that we will incur significant legal and other expenses throughout this process. For further discussion, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” within Other Key Information in this Annual Report.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS AND LIQUIDITY

The following summarizes the more significant factors impacting our operating results for the 52-week period ended December 26, 2020 (also referred to as “2020”) and the 52-week period ended December 28, 2019 (also referred to as “2019”) as well as our liquidity in 2020 and 2019. We have omitted discussion of 2018 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in MD&A of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our consolidated sales were 9% lower in 2020 compared to 2019. This year-over-year decrease was primarily driven by lower sales in our Business Solutions Division, which decreased 11% in 2020 primarily due to temporary closures of certain enterprise customers and a transition to a work-from-home environment in response to the restrictions imposed by local authorities to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19. This decrease was partially offset by higher sales generated by our eCommerce platform, which is included in our Business Solutions Division. Sales in our Retail Division decreased 4% in 2020 due to planned store closures and lower sales of services in existing locations due to reduced customer traffic. Our CompuCom Division also experienced lower sales of 14% in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to certain customer-imposed delays and cancellations of previously scheduled projects and postponed new projects as a result of COVID-19 business disruption and lower product sales and service volume.

Product sales decreased 7% in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily driven by lower sales in our Business Solutions Division as a result of temporary closures and transition to a work-from-home environment of certain enterprise customers due to COVID-19, as described above, and was partially offset by an increase in product sales generated by our eCommerce platform and sales of cleaning products and personal protective equipment.

Sales of services decreased 17% primarily driven by a decline in sales of our copy and print services in our Retail Division due to reduced demand and in our CompuCom Division due to customer-imposed delays and cancellations of previously scheduled and postponed new projects and reduced business volume, both as a result of the impacts of COVID-19 which included shelter-in-place orders, temporary closures of nonessential businesses, and schools transitioning to virtual learning. Sales of services were also impacted by the decline in our copy and print services in our Business Solutions Division due to the impacts of COVID-19, mainly as a result of temporary closures of nonessential businesses. On a consolidated basis, services represented approximately 14% and 15% of our total sales in 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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OTHER SIGNIFICANT FACTORS IMPACTING TOTAL COMPANY RESULTS AND LIQUIDITY

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OPERATING RESULTS BY DIVISION

Discussion of additional income and expense items, including material charges and credits and changes in interest and income taxes follows our review of segment results. Fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 include 52 weeks.

BUSINESS SOLUTIONS DIVISION

Product sales from our Business Solutions Division decreased 11% in 2020 compared to 2019. Product sales in 2020 were impacted by lower demand, especially in product categories such as toner, ink and office supplies due to a portion of our business-to-business customers, including those in the education sector, having to pause operations or temporarily transition into a remote environment as a result of restrictions imposed by federal, state and local authorities, which resulted in a decrease of $892 million in product sales in 2020. These restrictions, which started in March 2020 and aim to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19, have continued through the end of 2020 across a majority of the jurisdictions in which our customers operate. The lower demand from our business-to-business customers was partially offset by higher sales in other product categories which aggregated to $341 million and primarily related to the increase in cleaning products and personal protective equipment sales of $169 million in 2020. Higher sales in our eCommerce platform, which experienced increased demand in 2020 as more customers preferred to order online and have their purchases delivered, and the impact of acquisitions, also contributed positively to our product revenues, although they were not material drivers of our results in 2020. Product sales from our Business Solutions Division decreased 1% in 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to lower revenue generated in our eCommerce platform and office supplies product categories as a result of our targeted efforts to reduce sales with lower margins. This decrease was partially offset by the positive impact of acquisitions and growth in certain adjacency categories such as cleaning and breakroom supplies.

Sales of services in our Business Solutions Division decreased 14% in 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease is primarily due to lower demand from our business-to-business customers for our managed print and fulfillment services and copy and print services as a result of the impact of restrictions due to COVID-19 on their operations in 2020. Sales of services in our Business Solutions Division increased 8% in 2019 compared to 2018. The increase was primarily due to acquisitions and increased sales of our managed print and fulfillment services.

Our Business Solutions Division operating income decreased 57% in 2020 compared to 2019. As a percentage of sales, operating income decreased by approximately 270 basis points. The decrease in operating income in 2020 was related to the flow-through impact of lower product sales volume coupled with lower gross profit margin due to a combination of pricing pressures and higher product costs. This was partially offset by a reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses achieved through our Business Acceleration Program. Business Solutions Division operating income increased 12% in 2019 compared to 2018. As a percentage of sales, operating income improved by approximately 50 basis points. The increase in operating income in 2019 was related to a number

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of factors, primarily due to the reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses achieved through our Business Acceleration Program.

RETAIL DIVISION

Product sales in our Retail Division decreased 1% and 8% in 2020 and 2019, respectively, compared to the corresponding prior-year periods. This was primarily the result of planned closings of underperforming retail stores and lower demand in product categories such as toner, ink, and office supplies, which were partially offset by the increased demand in essential products such as furniture, technology products, cleaning and breakroom supplies, personal protective equipment and other work-from-home and learn-from-home enabling products. The increase in these product categories was $361 million in 2020, and was primarily driven by the needs of our customers to help address their challenges derived from the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, the increased demand was driven by needs of customers who transitioned into remote work and virtual learning environments in March 2020 as a result of restrictions imposed by federal, state and local authorities in order to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19. The demand for these product categories could decrease in the near term related to numerous factors, among others, a weaker U.S. economy and higher unemployment that materially impact consumer spending, the demand for our products and services and the availability of supply. Specifically, we experienced supply constraints in our product categories with high demand such as ink, cleaning and breakroom supplies, and technology products, and we may continue to face delays or difficulty sourcing these products.

For the reasons described in the “Recent Developments” section, our business is considered to be essential by most local jurisdictions, and as a result, the substantial majority of our retail locations have remained open and operational with the appropriate safety measures in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a curbside pickup option. Since late in the first quarter of 2020, we temporarily reduced our retail location hours by two hours daily, which continues to be in effect at the majority of our retail locations. We believe sales in our Retail Division may continue to be adversely impacted in 2021 and potentially longer. As there is uncertainty in the extent and duration of the impacts of the outbreak, we are unable to estimate the full impact at this time.

Product sales in 2020 and 2019 were also positively impacted by the increase in the volume of transactions where our customers buy online for pick up in our stores (“BOPIS”). BOPIS transactions are included in our Retail Division results because they are fulfilled with retail store inventory and serviced by retail store associates. Our BOPIS sales were $358 million in 2020 and $205 million in 2019, which represented increases of 75% and 8%, respectively, from the preceding years. We expect the increase in our BOPIS sales to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sales of services in our Retail Division decreased 25% in 2020 compared to 2019. The positive momentum we experienced in early 2020 from the expansion of our copy and print services and subscription volume was negatively impacted by a reduction in demand due to temporary closures of nonessential businesses, as well as the transition of a significant portion of our customers to a remote work and virtual learning environment, due to COVID-19. In 2019, sales of services were 6% higher compared to 2018. This increase was due to the expansion of our copy and print services and continued volume increase in subscription offerings.

We have historically reported our comparable store sales, which relate to retail stores that have been open for at least one year. Retail stores are removed from the comparable sales calculation one month prior to closing, as sales during that period are mostly related to clearance activity. Retail stores are also removed from the comparable sales calculation during periods of store remodeling, store closures due to hurricanes, natural disasters, epidemics/pandemics, or if significantly downsized. Our measure of comparable store sales has been applied consistently across periods but may differ from measures used by other companies. Due to the reduction in our retail location hours due to COVID-19, and the variability in COVID-19 related restrictions imposed by state and local governments such as occupancy levels and business regulations that can affect demand for our in-store products and services, comparable store sales are not a meaningful metric for 2020, and therefore is not provided. Comparable store sales decreased 4% in 2019 compared to 2018, reflecting lower store traffic, partially offset by higher conversion rate, year-over-year growth in BOPIS transactions, and an increase in loyalty program membership.

The Retail Division operating income increased 42% in 2020 compared to 2019. As a percentage of sales, this reflects a year-over-year increase of approximately 220 basis points. The increase in operating income was mostly attributable to lower selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from continuous efforts to optimize costs. These improvements have more than offset the flow-through impact of lower sales. The Retail Division operating income increased 1% in 2019 compared to 2018. As a percentage of

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sales, this reflects a year-over-year increase of approximately 30 basis points. The increase in operating income was mostly attributable to a higher gross margin rate achieved by improvements in distribution and inventory management costs. The increase was also attributable to lower selling, general and administrative expenses resulting from continuous efforts to optimize costs. The increase in operating income was partially offset by the flow-through impact of lower sales. The Retail Division’s operating income results in 2019 and 2018 include the impact of investments in additional service delivery capabilities, sales training, and other customer-oriented initiatives.

At the end of 2020, the Retail Division operated a total of 1,154 retail stores in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Retail store opening and closing activity for the last three years has been as follows:

Charges associated with store closures as part of a restructuring plan are reported in Asset impairments and Merger and restructuring expenses, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, as part of our periodic recoverability assessment of owned retail stores and distribution center assets, and operating lease ROU assets, we recognize impairment charges in the Asset impairments line item of our Consolidated Statements of Operations. These charges are reflected in Corporate reporting and are not included in the determination of Division operating income. Refer to “Corporate” discussion below for additional information regarding expenses incurred to date.

COMPUCOM DIVISION

Product sales in our CompuCom Division decreased 18% in 2020 compared to 2019. We experienced strong enterprise demand for computer and computer-related products in the latter part of the first quarter of 2020 as many businesses temporarily shifted to a work-from-home environment amid the COVID-19 outbreak. This was followed by lower demand during the remainder of 2020 as the immediate needs of business customers for such products diminished and a portion of our business customers continued to be temporarily closed due to restrictions put in place by local authorities that aim to prevent and reduce the spread of COVID-19. Product sales in our CompuCom Division increased 16% in 2019 compared to 2018, primarily driven by increased discipline in our selling process and improved relationships with our product manufacturer partners.

Sales of services in our CompuCom Division decreased 12% in 2020 compared to 2019. This was primarily due to lower project-related revenue from existing customer accounts and lower business volume. The reduction in project-related revenue is due to our customers pausing discretionary project spending amidst the COVID-19 outbreak and the uncertainty of its impact on the economy. Although sales of services have been declining since the beginning of 2019, we are continuing our efforts to stabilize and grow revenue in this Division. In connection with these efforts, we have placed greater emphasis on our core digital workplace offerings and adjusted our go-to-market approach, capitalizing on our ability to serve distributed and remote workforces through our capabilities to provision hardware, manage distributed technology and support end-users. Sales of services in our CompuCom Division decreased 15% in 2019 compared to 2018. This was primarily due to customer churn and lower project-related revenue from existing customer accounts, partially as a result of our targeted efforts to reduce certain unprofitable sales activities.

The CompuCom Division reported operating income of $14 million in 2020 compared to operating loss of $2 million in 2019. The year-over-year increase in operating profitability despite the flow-through impact of lower service sales volume was achieved through focused efforts to improve service delivery profitability coupled with reductions in operating costs. The CompuCom Division reported operating loss of $2 million in 2019 compared to operating income of $17 million in 2018. The year-over-year decrease in operating profitability was driven by lower sales volume, without a commensurate reduction in associated labor-related expenses. Operating results have been improving sequentially since the first quarter of 2019, which is mostly attributable to improved cost efficiencies as a

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result of our Business Acceleration Program. We continue to take actions to improve future operating performance at our CompuCom Division, which include sales and marketing efforts to accelerate growth, driving innovation in our offerings and automation to further enhance service delivery and, simplifying organizational structures to improve efficiency.

OTHER

Certain operations previously included in the International Division, including our global sourcing and trading operations in the Asia/Pacific region, which we have retained, are presented as Other. These operations primarily relate to the sale of products to former joint venture partners, and are not material in any period. Also included in Other is the elimination of intersegment revenues of $17 million in 2020, $14 million in 2019 and $11 million in 2018.

CORPORATE

The line items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations impacted by Corporate activities are presented in the table below, followed by a narrative discussion of the significant matters. These activities are managed at the Corporate level and, accordingly, are not included in the determination of Division income for management reporting or external disclosures.

In addition to these charges and credits, certain selling, general and administrative expenses are not allocated to the Divisions and are managed at the Corporate level. Those expenses are addressed in the section “Unallocated Costs” below.

Asset impairments

Asset impairment charges are comprised of the following:

In 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized asset impairment charges of $431 million, $56 million and $7 million, respectively. Of the asset impairment charges in 2020, $363 million was related to impairment of goodwill in our CompuCom and Contract reporting units and other intangible assets, $48 million was related to the impairment of operating lease ROU assets associated with our retail store locations, and the remainder was related to impairment of fixed assets and a cost method investment. Of the asset impairment charges in 2019, $46 million was related to the impairment of operating lease ROU assets associated with our retail store locations, $8 million was related to impairment of fixed assets at these retail store locations, and the remaining $2 million related to write-down of intangible assets that are not currently used.

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We regularly review retail store assets for impairment indicators at the individual store level, as this represents the lowest level of identifiable cash flows. When indicators of impairment are present, a recoverability analysis is performed which considers the estimated undiscounted cash flows over the retail store’s remaining life and uses inputs from retail operations and accounting and finance personnel. These inputs include our best estimates of retail store-level sales, gross margins, direct expenses, exercise of future lease renewal options when reasonably certain to be exercised, and resulting cash flows, which, by their nature, include judgments about how current initiatives will impact future performance. In 2020, the assumptions used within the recoverability analysis for the retail stores were updated to consider current quarter retail store operational results and formal plans for future retail store closures as part of our restructuring programs, including the probability of closure at the retail store level. While it is generally expected that closures will approximate the store’s lease termination date, it is possible that changes in store performance or other conditions could result in future changes in assumptions utilized. In addition, the assumptions used reflected declining sales over the forecast period, and gross margin and operating cost assumptions that are consistent with recent actual results and consider plans for future initiatives. If the undiscounted cash flows of a retail store cannot support the carrying amount of its assets, the assets are impaired and written down to estimated fair value. Our retail store assets recoverability analyses in 2020 also included the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of our retail stores as described in the “Retail Division” section. As discussed above, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the results of our operations in 2021 and beyond, which could result in future impairments of store assets if deemed unrecoverable.

During the second quarter of 2020, due to the macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on our current and projected future results of operations, we determined that an indicator of potential impairment existed requiring an interim quantitative goodwill impairment test for our CompuCom and Contract reporting units. The Contract reporting unit is a component of our Business Solutions Division. The quantitative goodwill impairment test indicated that the carrying value of the CompuCom and Contract reporting units exceeded their fair value, and impairment charges of $237 million and $115 million, respectively, were recorded for these reporting units. CompuCom’s trade name, which is an indefinite-lived intangible asset, was also tested for impairment during this quantitative assessment and an impairment charge of $11 million was recorded to reduce its carrying amount in the second quarter of 2020. At December 26, 2020, the CompuCom reporting unit and the Contract reporting unit have goodwill of $215 million and $241 million, respectively. These non-cash impairment charges are presented within the Asset impairments line in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations year-to-date 2020. Refer to Note 9. “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the drivers of decline in the fair values of our CompuCom and Contract reporting units as well as the methodologies, key inputs and assumptions used in determining the fair value estimates.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, we performed our annual impairment assessment, which was as of the first day of fiscal month December. Our annual impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of 2020 was performed using a quantitative assessment for all reporting units. The quantitative assessment combined the income approach and the market approach valuation methodologies and concluded that the fair value of all our reporting units exceed their carrying amounts. As the carrying value of the goodwill for CompuCom and Contract reporting units were written down to fair value recently during the second quarter of 2020, their margin of passage during the annual impairment assessment were approximately 12%. We will continue to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be a potential impairment. Further, while we are currently in a strong liquidity and capital position, a significant deterioration may have a material impact on our liquidity and capital in future periods.

Merger and restructuring expenses, net

Since 2017, we have taken actions to optimize our asset base and drive operational efficiencies. These actions include acquiring profitable businesses, closing underperforming retail stores and non-strategic distribution facilities, consolidating functional activities, eliminating redundant positions and disposing of non-strategic businesses and assets. The expenses and any income recognized directly associated with these actions are included in Merger and restructuring expenses, net on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in order to identify these activities apart from the expenses incurred to sell to and service our customers. These expenses are not included in the determination of Division operating income. Merger and restructuring expenses, net were $121 million in 2020, $116 million in 2019 and $72 million in 2018.

Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan

In May 2020, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan to realign our operational focus to support our “business-to-business” solutions and IT services business units and improve costs. Implementation of the Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan (as defined in Note 3. “Merger and Restructuring Activity” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) is expected to be substantially completed by the end of 2023. The Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan aims to generate savings through optimizing our retail footprint, removing costs that directly support our Retail business and additional measures to implement a company-wide low-cost business model, which will then be invested in accelerating the growth of our business-to-business platform. The plan is broader than restructuring programs we have implemented in the past and includes closing and/or consolidating retail stores and distribution facilities and the reduction of up to 13,100 employee positions by the end of 2023. We are evaluating the number of retail store and

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distribution facility closures and/or consolidations, as well as the timing of any such closures and/or consolidations, however we generally expect that closures will approximate the store’s lease termination date. We closed 70 retail stores and two distribution facilities under the Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan in 2020. Total estimated restructuring costs related to the Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan are expected to be up to $143 million, comprised of:

These total estimated restructuring costs of up to $143 million above are expected to be cash expenditures through 2023 and funded primarily with cash on hand and cash from operations. As part of the optimization of our Retail footprint, potential closure prior to lease terms were considered. However, it is generally expected that closures would approximate their lease termination dates. Changes in future economic conditions and events may influence the decisions made which would not be a part of this plan. If stores are determined to be closed before the end of their lease term and the fair values of their assets are not sufficient to cover their carrying amounts, we may also incur non-cash asset impairment charges related to the operating lease ROU assets and fixed assets at these locations. The timing and amount of these future impairments will be dependent upon the decisions that will be made and whether the closures or disposals occur prior to the lease maturity dates or useful lives of the assets involved. Impairment charges on these assets, if any, will be reflected on the Asset impairments line item of our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In 2020, we incurred $81 million in restructuring expenses associated with the Maximize B2B Restructuring Plan which consisted of $45 million in employee severance, $7 million in third-party professional fees, $5 million in contract termination costs, and $24 million of retail store and facility closure and other costs that were mainly related to facility closure accruals, gains and losses on asset dispositions, and accelerated depreciation. Of these amounts, $28 million were cash expenditures in 2020.

Business Acceleration Program

In May 2019, our Board of Directors approved the Business Acceleration Program, a company-wide, multi-year, cost reduction and business improvement program to systematically drive down costs, improve operational efficiencies, and enable future growth investments. In connection with the Business Acceleration Program, we closed 82 underperforming retail stores and one other facility in 2020, and seven other facilities, consisting of distribution centers and sales offices, were closed in 2019. We incurred $101 million in restructuring expenses to implement the Business Acceleration Program since its inception in 2019 through the end of 2020, of which $98 million were cash expenditures funded primarily with cash on hand and cash from operations. The Business Acceleration Program was completed by the end of 2020.

In 2020, we incurred $19 million in restructuring expenses associated with the Business Acceleration Program which consisted of $11 million in third-party professional fees and $8 million of retail store and facility closure costs and other. We made cash expenditures of $29 million for the Business Acceleration Program in 2020.

Other

Included in restructuring expenses in 2019 and 2018 are $8 million and $5 million, respectively, of costs incurred in connection with our Comprehensive Business Review, a program announced in 2016 and concluded at the end of 2019. Under the Comprehensive Business review, we closed a total of 208 retail stores, and the costs incurred included severance, facility closure costs, contract termination, accelerated depreciation, relocation and disposal gains and losses, as well as other costs associated with retail store closures.

Additionally, restructuring expenses in 2020 included $3 million in third-party professional fees incurred in connection with the Reorganization, and restructuring expenses in 2018 included professional fees of $11 million associated with planning our multi-year strategic transformation.

Refer to Note 3. “Merger and Restructuring Activity” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for an extensive analysis of these Corporate charges.

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Legal Expense Accrual

During 2018, we recorded $25 million of legal expense accrual that was paid in 2019 in connection with certain settlement discussions we had undertaken with the Federal Trade Commission.

Unallocated Expenses

We allocate to our Divisions functional support expenses that are considered to be directly or closely related to segment activity. These allocated expenses are included in the measurement of Division operating income. Other companies may charge more or less for functional support expenses to their segments, and our results, therefore, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. The unallocated expenses primarily consist of the buildings used for our corporate headquarters and personnel not directly supporting the Divisions, including certain executive, finance, legal, audit and similar functions. Unallocated expenses also include the pension credit related to the frozen OfficeMax pension and other benefit plans. Additionally, the pension plan in the United Kingdom that has been retained by us in connection with the sale of the European Business, as well as certain general and administrative costs previously allocated to the International Division that have been excluded from the discontinued operations measurement have been included in corporate unallocated expenses.

Unallocated expenses were $105 million, $100 million, and $93 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The increase in 2020 compared to 2019 is primarily due to higher legal fees and contract termination costs, partially offset by savings associated with our Business Acceleration Program initiatives. The increase in 2019 compared to 2018 is primarily resulted from higher incentive expenses associated with our overall performance in 2019, partially offset by savings associated with our Business Acceleration Program initiatives.

Other Income and Expense

Interest income includes $2 million in 2020, $19 million in 2019 and $19 million in 2018, related to the Timber notes receivable, including amortization of the fair value adjustment recorded in purchase accounting. Interest expense includes non-recourse debt interest, including amortization of the fair value adjustment recorded in purchase accounting, amounting to $14 million in 2019 and $18 million in 2018. Refer to Note 10. “Timber Notes/Non-Recourse Debt” and Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

In the fourth quarter of 2017, we entered into a $750 million Term Loan Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), due 2022. Borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement were issued with an original issue discount, at an issue price of 97.00%, and incurred interest at a rate per annum equal to LIBOR plus 7.00%. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we entered into the First Amendment (as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes Consolidated Financial Statements) to reduce the interest rate from LIBOR plus 7.00% to LIBOR plus 5.25%. In connection with the applicable interest rate reduction, we also made a voluntary repayment under the Term Loan Credit Agreement in the amount of $194 million. As a result, we recognized a $15 million loss on modification of debt in 2018, which consists of a 1% prepayment premium and the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and original issue discount in an amount proportional to the term loan repaid. We recorded $10 million, $40 million and $70 million of interest expense in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. In April 2020, we repaid the remaining balance under the Term Loan Credit Agreement in full and terminated it. We recognized $12 million of loss from the extinguishment and modification of debt related to this transaction in 2020, which primarily included the write-off of the remaining unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

In April 2020, we entered into the Third Amended Credit Agreement which provided for an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.3 billion asset-based revolving credit facility and asset-based FILO Term Loan Facility (as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements), maturing in April 2025. We recorded $6 million of interest expense in 2020 related to the Third Amended Credit Agreement. Refer to Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate of (8)% in 2020 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of goodwill impairment, state taxes, excess tax deficiencies associated with stock-based compensation awards and certain nondeductible items, adjustments to certain tax benefits and the mix of income and losses across U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate of 32% in 2019 differs from the statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of state taxes and certain nondeductible items, the recognition of valuation allowances, and our mix of income and losses across U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate of 37% in 2018 reflected the same Federal marginal tax rate of 21% and the impact of our mix of income and losses across US and non-US jurisdictions. In addition, the 2018 rate was impacted by several discrete items including the impact of a potentially nondeductible legal settlement, the impact of excess tax deficiencies associated with stock-based compensation awards, state taxes, and certain other nondeductible items. As a result, our effective tax rates were (8)% in 2020, 32% in 2019 and 37% in 2018.

As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) for corporations was repealed. In addition, any unused AMT Credits that remain unused for tax years after 2017 can be refunded. For the 2020 tax year, we received a cash refund of $44 million of our credits in the third quarter. For 2019, we received a $44 million refund in the fourth quarter of 2019. We have no remaining AMT credits available for refund or to offset taxes as of 2020. These amounts are reflected as a reduction of deferred tax assets.

We recognized a large deferred tax liability related to the maturity of the Timber Note Receivable. The entire deferred gain was recognized resulting in significant taxable income in the first quarter of 2020. It was largely offset by available capital loss carryforwards, both Federal and state, state net operating losses, and any remaining Federal credits and carryforwards.

We continue to have a U.S. valuation allowance for certain U.S. Federal credits and state tax attributes, which relate to deferred tax assets that require either certain types of income or for income to be earned in certain jurisdictions in order to be realized. We will continue to assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets in the U.S. and remaining foreign jurisdictions in future periods. Changes in pretax income projections could impact this evaluation in future periods.

It is anticipated that no material tax positions will be resolved within the next 12 months. Additionally, we anticipate that it is reasonably possible that new issues will be raised or resolved by tax authorities that may require changes to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits; however, an estimate of such changes cannot reasonably be made.

We file a U.S. Federal income tax return and other income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. Federal and state and local income tax examinations for years before 2019 and 2015, respectively. The acquired OfficeMax U.S. consolidated group is no longer subject to U.S. Federal income tax examination and with few exceptions, is no longer subject to U.S. state and local income tax examinations for years prior to 2015. Our U.S. Federal income tax returns for 2019 are currently under review. Generally, we are subject to routine examination for years 2015 and forward in our international tax jurisdictions.

Refer to Note 6. “Income Taxes” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional tax discussion.

Discontinued Operations

Refer to Note 18. “Discontinued Operations” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

LIQUIDITY

At December 26, 2020, we had $729 million in cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $31 million from December 28, 2019. In addition, at the end of fiscal 2020 we had $934 million of available credit under the Third Amended Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) based on the December 2020 borrowing base certificate, for a total liquidity of approximately $1.7 billion, increased from $1.6 billion at the end of fiscal 2019. Despite the weaker global economic conditions and the uncertainties related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we currently believe that as a result of our strong financial position, including our cash and cash equivalents on hand, availability of funds under the Third Amended Credit Agreement, and future year cash flows generated from operations, we will be able to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, debt repayments, common stock repurchases, dividends (if any), merger integration and restructuring expenses, and future acquisitions consistent with our strategic growth initiatives for at least twelve months from the date of this Annual Report.

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Financing

As disclosed in Note 11. “Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, on April 17, 2020, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which provides for a $1.2 billion asset-based revolving credit facility and a $100 million asset-based FILO Term Loan Facility, for an aggregate principal amount of up to $1.3 billion (the “New Facilities”). The New Facilities mature in April 2025. The Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement replaces our then existing amended and restated credit agreement that was due to mature in May 2021. Upon the closing of the transaction, we made an initial borrowing in the amount of $400 million under the New Facilities. These proceeds, along with available cash on hand, were used to repay in full the remaining $388 million balance under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and terminate it and to repay approximately $66 million of other debt and related interest. We recognized $12 million of loss from the extinguishment and modification of debt related to this transaction in the second quarter of 2020, which primarily included the write-off of the remaining unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of the Term Loan Credit Agreement as of the closing date of the transaction. During the third quarter of 2020, we repaid $300 million of revolving loans outstanding under the Third Amended Credit Agreement.

There were no revolving loans outstanding, $100 million of outstanding FILO Term Loan Facility loans, and $55 million of outstanding standby letters of credit under the Third Amended Credit Agreement at the end of 2020, and we were in compliance with all applicable covenants as of December 26, 2020.

As disclosed in Note 10. “Timber Notes/Non-Recourse Debt” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, during the third quarter of 2019, through a bankruptcy remote indirect subsidiary, we entered into a term loan agreement which provided for us to receive a $735 million loan on October 31, 2019 (the “Bridge Loan”) that was used to refinance our Securitization Notes. We received a net cash payment of $87.7 million upon maturity of the Installment Notes and the Bridge Loan on January 29, 2020, which were net settled as they were with the same third-party financial institution. This amount includes principal of $82.5 million and interest of $5.2 million.

Tax refund

As noted in the “Income Taxes” section above, we received a refund of unutilized AMT credits of $44 million in 2020.

Strategic Transformation

In addition to the acquisitions disclosed herein, we have evaluated, and expect to continue to evaluate, possible acquisitions and dispositions of businesses and assets in connection with our strategic transformation. Such transactions may be material and may involve cash, our securities or the incurrence of additional indebtedness (Refer to Note 2. “Acquisitions” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).

Capital Expenditures

In 2021, we expect to incur capital expenditures of up to approximately $120 million, including investments to support our business priorities. These expenditures will be funded through available cash on hand and operating cash flows.

Capital Return Programs – Share Repurchases and Dividends

In November 2018, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program of up to $100 million of our common stock effective January 1, 2019, which extended until the end of 2020. In November 2019, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the authorization of the existing stock repurchase program of up to $200 million and extended the program through the end of 2021. The current authorization includes the remaining authorized amount under the existing stock repurchase program and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The stock repurchase authorization permits us to repurchase stock from time-to-time through a combination of open market repurchases, privately negotiated transactions, 10b5-1 trading plans, accelerated stock repurchase transactions and/or other derivative transactions. The exact number and timing of stock repurchases will depend on market conditions and other factors, and will be funded through available cash balances. Our Third Amended Credit Agreement permits restricted payments, such as common stock repurchases, but may be limited if we do not meet the required minimum liquidity or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements. The authorized amount under the stock repurchase program excludes fees, commissions or other expenses. As a result of the continued economic uncertainty due to COVID-19, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended the stock repurchase program in May 2020, however, the stock repurchase authorization remained effective. In November 2020, our Board of Directors approved the resumption of the stock repurchase program beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, which will run through the end of 2021. Under the stock repurchase program, we purchased approximately 1 million shares at the cost of $30 million in 2020.

In order to preserve liquidity during the COVID-19 pandemic and in light of the uncertainties as to its duration and economic impact, in May 2020, our Board of Directors temporarily suspended the Company’s quarterly cash dividend beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. There was no quarterly cash dividend declared and paid in the second, third, or fourth quarters of fiscal 2020, and our quarterly cash dividend remains temporarily suspended. Prior to its temporary suspension, dividends have been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital as we are in an accumulated deficit position. Our Third Amended Credit Agreement permits restricted payments, such as dividends, but may be limited if we do not meet the required minimum liquidity or fixed charge coverage ratio requirements.

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We will continue to evaluate our capital return programs as appropriate. Decisions regarding future share buybacks and dividends are within the discretion of our Board of Directors, and depend on a number of factors, including, general business and economic conditions, which includes the impact of COVID-19 on such conditions, and other factors which are discussed in this discussion and analysis and “Risk Factors” within Other Key Information in this Annual Report.

CASH FLOWS

Cash provided by (used in) operating, investing and financing activities of continuing operations is summarized as follows:

Operating Activities from Continuing Operations

Cash provided by operating activities was $485 million in 2020, compared to $366 million in 2019. This increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily driven by $208 million more cash inflows from working capital and $9 million less cash outflows for contingent consideration payment, partially offset by $91 million less usage of deferred tax assets against current obligations. Working capital is influenced by a number of factors, including period end sales, the flow of goods, credit terms, timing of promotions, vendor production planning, new product introductions and working capital management. In 2020, the primary driver for working capital improvements was the reduction in our receivables as a result of improved collections and lower sales on credit, and a decrease in our inventories. After adjusting for non-cash charges, net income in 2020 was consistent with the corresponding period in 2019.

Cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations decreased by $250 million during 2019 when compared to 2018. This was primarily driven by significant working capital improvements recognized in 2018 that were not replicated in 2019. Cash outflows associated with our Business Acceleration Program of approximately $69 million, a $25 million legal settlement payment which is included in the change in net working capital, and a payment in the amount of $11 million for contingent consideration related to an acquisition were other significant contributors to the decrease in cash flow from operating activities.

For our accounting policy on cash management, refer to Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Investing Activities from Continuing Operations

Cash provided by investing activities was $736 million in 2020, which was primarily driven by the cash proceeds from the collection of the Timber notes receivable of $818 million, and partially offset by $30 million in business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and $68 million in capital expenditures associated with improvements in our service platform, distribution network, and eCommerce capabilities.

Cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $119 million in 2019, primarily driven by $150 million in capital expenditures associated with our service platform, distribution network, retail experience, and eCommerce capabilities. In addition, we spent $22 million in business acquisitions, net of cash acquired. These cash outflows from investing activities were partially offset by net cash proceeds of $50 million associated with the disposal of non-strategic assets.

Financing Activities from Continuing Operations

Cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $1.2 billion in 2020. The cash outflow in 2020 primarily consisted of activity related to our debt, which included $735 million Non-recourse debt retirement, $388 million Term Loan Credit Agreement retirement, repayment of $64 million of borrowings associated with our company-owned life insurance policies, $300 million of payments under our Third Amended Credit Agreement, $41 million of payments on other short- and long-term borrowings, $9 million revenue bond maturity, and $6 million of debt related fees, offset by $400 million of debt proceeds under the Third Amended Credit Agreement. We also used $13 million in payment of cash dividends, $30 million in repurchases of common stock, including commissions, and $1 million acquisition contingent consideration payment up to the amount of the acquisition-date liability in 2020.

Cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $212 million in 2019, primarily driven by $98 million net repayments on long- and short-term borrowings, $55 million in cash dividends, $40 million in repurchases of common stock, including commissions, and a $12 million acquisition contingent consideration payment up to the amount of the acquisition-date liability.

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Discontinued Operations

Cash provided by operating and investing activities of discontinued operations is summarized as follows:

Cash flows from operating activities of discontinued operations reflect cash movements between continuing operating and discontinued operating entities up until the sale of the individual businesses included in the disposal group. All intercompany transactions between discontinued and continuing operating entities are eliminated in consolidation. As disclosed in Note 18. “Discontinued Operations” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, all discontinued operations were sold in 2018. Accordingly, there were no cash activities of discontinued operations in 2020 and 2019.

Cash flows provided by investing activities of discontinued operations in 2018 reflect the sale of our former businesses in Australia and New Zealand, net of $6 million paid for professional fees and other closing costs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 26, 2020, we had retail stores and other facilities and equipment under operating lease agreements, which are included in the table within the Contractual Obligations section below. Most of these are no longer off-balance sheet arrangements with the adoption of the new lease accounting standard in 2019. Refer to Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and Note 12. “Leases” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the new lease accounting standard. In addition, Note 17. “Commitments and Contingencies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes certain of our arrangements that contain indemnifications.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations at December 26, 2020, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on liquidity and cash flow in future periods. Some of the figures included in this table are based on management’s estimates and assumptions about these obligations, including their duration, the possibility of renewal, anticipated actions by third parties and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, the amounts we will actually pay in future periods may vary from those reflected in the table.

If we can unilaterally terminate an agreement simply by providing a certain number of days’ notice or by paying a termination fee, we have included the amount of the termination fee or the amount that would be paid over the “notice period.” As of December 26, 2020, purchase obligations include marketing services, outsourced accounting services, certain fixed assets and software licenses, service and maintenance contracts for information technology and communication. Contracts that can be unilaterally terminated without a penalty have not been included.

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Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 26, 2020 includes $197 million classified as Deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities. Deferred income taxes and other long-term liabilities primarily consist of net long-term deferred income taxes, deferred lease credits, long-term restructuring accruals, certain liabilities under our deferred compensation plans, accruals for uncertain tax positions, and environmental accruals. Certain of these liabilities have been excluded from the above table as either the amounts are fully funded or the timing and/or the amount of any cash payment is uncertain. Refer to Note 3. “Merger and Restructuring Activity” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our restructuring accruals and Note 6. “Income Taxes” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our deferred tax positions and accruals for uncertain tax positions.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 26, 2020 also includes $44 million of current and non-current pension and postretirement obligations, which is also excluded from the table above, as the timing of the cash payments is uncertain. Our estimate is that payments in future years will total $35 million. This estimate represents the minimum contributions required per Internal Revenue Service funding rules and our estimated future payments under pension and postretirement plans. Actuarially-determined liabilities related to pension and postretirement benefits are recorded based on estimates and assumptions. Key factors used in developing estimates of these liabilities include assumptions related to discount rates, rates of return on investments, healthcare cost trends, benefit payment patterns and other factors. Changes in assumptions related to the measurement of funded status could have a material impact on the amount reported. Refer to Note 15. “Employee Benefit Plans” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

In addition to the above, we have outstanding standby letters of credit totaling $55 million at December 26, 2020.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Preparation of these statements requires management to make judgments and estimates. Some accounting policies and estimates have a significant impact on amounts reported in these financial statements. A summary of significant accounting policies can be found in Note 1. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We have also identified certain accounting policies and estimates that we consider critical to understanding our business and our results of operations and we have provided below additional information on those policies.

Inventory valuation — Inventories are stated at the lower of weighted average cost or net realizable value. We monitor active inventory for excessive quantities and slow-moving items and record adjustments as necessary to lower the value if the anticipated realizable amount is below cost. We also identify merchandise that we plan to discontinue or have begun to phase out and assess the estimated recoverability of the carrying value. This includes consideration of the quantity of the merchandise, the rate of sale, and our assessment of current and projected market conditions and anticipated vendor programs. If necessary, we record a charge to cost of sales to reduce the carrying value of this merchandise to our estimate of the lower of cost or realizable amount. Additional promotional activities may be initiated, and markdowns may be taken as considered appropriate until the product is sold or otherwise disposed. Estimates and judgments are required in determining what items to stock and at what level, and what items to discontinue and how to value them prior to sale.

We also recognize an expense in cost of sales for our estimate of physical inventory loss from theft, short shipments and other factors — referred to as inventory shrink. During the year, we adjust the estimate of our inventory shrink rate accrual following on-hand adjustments and our physical inventory count results. These changes in estimates may result in volatility within the year or impact comparisons to other periods.

Vendor arrangements — Inventory purchases from vendors are generally under arrangements that automatically renew until cancelled with periodic updates or annual negotiated agreements. Many of these arrangements require the vendors to make payments to us or provide credits to be used against purchases if and when certain conditions are met. We refer to these arrangements as “vendor programs.” Vendor programs fall into two broad categories, with some underlying sub-categories. The first category is volume-based rebates. Under those arrangements, our product costs per unit decline as higher volumes of purchases are reached. Current accounting rules provide that companies with a reasonable basis for estimating their full year purchases, and therefore the ultimate rebate level, can use that estimate to value inventory and cost of goods sold throughout the year. We believe our history of purchases with many vendors provides us with a basis for our estimates of purchase volume. If the anticipated volume of purchases is not reached, however, or if we form the belief at any point in the year that it is not likely to be reached, cost of goods sold and the remaining inventory balances are adjusted to reflect that change in our outlook. We review sales projections and related purchases against vendor program estimates at least quarterly and adjust these balances accordingly.

The second broad category of arrangements with our vendors is event-based programs. These arrangements can take many forms, including advertising support, special pricing offered by certain of our vendors for a limited time, payments for special placement or promotion of a product, reimbursement of costs incurred to launch a vendor’s product, and various other special programs. These payments are classified as a reduction of costs of goods sold or inventory, based on the nature of the program and the sell-through of the inventory. Some arrangements may meet the specific, incremental, identifiable cost criteria that allow for direct operating expense offset, but such arrangements are not significant.

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Vendor programs are recognized throughout the year based on judgment and estimates and amounts due from vendors are generally settled throughout the year based on purchase volumes. The final amounts not already collected from vendors are generally known soon after year-end and are reflected in our results of operations. Substantially all vendor program receivables outstanding at the end of the year are settled within the three months following year-end. We believe that our historical collection rates of these receivables provide a sound basis for our estimates of anticipated vendor payments throughout the year.

Long-lived asset impairments — Long-lived assets with identifiable cash flows are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. We assess recovery of the asset or asset groups using estimates of cash flows directly associated with the future use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset groups. If anticipated cash flows are insufficient to recover the asset on an undiscounted basis, impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s estimated fair value (generally, the discounted cash flows or its salvage value) and its carrying value, and any costs of disposition. Factors that could trigger an impairment assessment include, among others, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used or the business climate that could affect the value of the asset. As restructuring activities continue, we may identify assets or asset groups for sale or abandonment and incur impairment charges.

Because of declining sales, store assets are reviewed periodically throughout the year for recoverability of their asset carrying amounts. The frequency of this test may change in future periods if performance warrants. The analysis uses input from retail store operations and our accounting and finance personnel that organizationally report to the Chief Financial Officer. These projections are based on our estimates of store-level sales, gross margins, direct expenses, and resulting cash flows and, by their nature, include judgments about how current initiatives will impact future performance.

Important assumptions used in these projections include an assessment of future overall economic conditions, our ability to control future costs, maintain aspects of positive performance, and successfully implement initiatives designed to enhance sales and gross margins. Our assumptions in 2020 also included the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on store asset recoverability. Due to the nature of products sold, our retail stores were considered to be essential by most local jurisdictions and as a result, the substantial majority of our retail stores have remained open and operational with the appropriate safety measures in place since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, including a curbside pickup option. Since late in the first quarter of 2020, we have temporarily reduced retail location hours by two hours daily, which continues to be in effect at the majority of our retail locations. Our recoverability assessment in 2020 included evaluating the impact of these developments. To the extent our estimates of future performance are not realized, future assessments could result in material impairment charges.

Goodwill and other intangible assets — Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired entity over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. We review the carrying amount of goodwill at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of the first day of fiscal month December, or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances suggest that goodwill may not be recoverable. For those reporting units where events or change in circumstances indicate that potential impairment indicators exist, we perform a quantitative assessment to determine whether the carrying amount of goodwill can be recovered. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred.

When performing the annual goodwill impairment test, we may start with an optional qualitative assessment which involves the evaluation of all events and circumstances, including both positive and negative events, in their totality, to determine whether it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we bypass the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates that a quantitative analysis should be performed, we evaluate goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including the associated goodwill. We estimate the reporting unit’s fair value using discounted cash flow analysis and market-based evaluations, when available. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. We typically use a combination of valuation approaches that are dependent on several significant estimates and assumptions related to forecasts of future revenues, cost of sales, expenses and the weighted-average cost of capital for each reporting unit. These estimates and assumptions included consideration related to the impact of COVID-19 on our reporting units. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of goodwill and could have a material impact on our financial statements. Refer to Note 9. “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other intangible assets primarily include customer relationship values, trade names and technology, which primarily related to the CompuCom acquisition and OfficeMax merger. The original valuation of our customer relationship values assumed continuation of attrition rates previously experienced with these businesses and synergy benefits from the transactions. If we experience an unanticipated decline in sales or profitability associated with these customers, the remaining useful life will be reassessed and could result in either acceleration of amortization or impairment.

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Accounting for Business Combinations — We include the results of operations of acquired businesses in our consolidated results prospectively from the date of acquisition. Total purchase consideration of acquired businesses may include contingent consideration based on the future results of operations of the acquired businesses. Significant judgements are required to estimate the future results of operations of the acquired businesses and the contingent consideration. Differences between the actual results of operations of the acquired businesses and the original estimate may result in additional contingent consideration liabilities. Changes in fair value of the contingent consideration may result in additional transaction related expenses. We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and non-controlling interests in the acquired entity generally based on their fair values at the acquisition date. We use various valuation methodologies to estimate the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including using a market participant perspective when applying cost, income and relief from royalty analyses, supplemented with market appraisals where appropriate. Significant judgments and estimates are required in preparing these fair value estimates. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and non-controlling interests in the acquired entity is recorded as goodwill. The primary items that generate goodwill include the value of the synergies between the acquired company and us and the value of the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies for recognition as an intangible asset. Acquisition-related expenses and post-acquisition restructuring costs are recognized separately from the business combination and are expensed as incurred.

SIGNIFICANT TRENDS, DEVELOPMENTS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Competitive Factors — We continue to see development and growth of competitors in all segments of our business. In particular, Internet-based companies, mass merchandisers and wholesale clubs, as well as food and drugstore chains, have increased their assortment of home office merchandise, attracting additional back-to-school customers and year-round casual shoppers. We have seen substantial growth in the number of competitors that offer office products over the Internet, as well as the breadth and depth of their product offerings. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a substantial increase in Internet-based purchasing by customers as they continue to make their purchases online and utilize curbside pickup or offered delivery services instead of going into stores. In addition to large numbers of smaller Internet providers featuring special price incentives and one-time deals (such as close-outs), we are experiencing strong competitive pressures from large Internet providers such as Amazon and Walmart that offer a full assortment of office products through direct sales and, in the case of Amazon, acting as a “storefront” for other specialty office product providers.

Wholesale clubs have expanded beyond their in-store assortment by adding catalogs and websites from which a much broader assortment of products may be ordered. We also face competition from other office supply stores that compete directly with us in numerous markets. This competition is likely to result in increased competitive pressures on pricing, product selection and services provided by our Business Solutions and Retail Divisions. Many of these retail competitors, including discounters, wholesale clubs, and drug stores and grocery chains, carry basic office supply products. Some of them also feature technology products. Many of them may price certain of these offerings lower than we do, but they have not shown an indication of greatly expanding their somewhat limited product offerings at this time. This trend towards a proliferation of retailers offering a limited assortment of office products is a potentially serious trend that could shift purchasing away from office supply specialty retailers and adversely impact our results. Another trend in our office products industry has been consolidation, as competitors in office supply stores and the copy/print channel have been acquired and consolidated into larger, well-capitalized corporations. This trend towards consolidation, coupled with acquisitions by financially strong organizations, is potentially a significant trend in our office products industry that could impact our results. Additionally, consumers are utilizing more technology and purchasing less paper, ink and toner, physical file storage and general office supplies. Lower demand for printing paper is causing a decline in manufacturing and ensuing industry supply of paper products. This in turn is leading to a meaningful increase in paper cost, which we are not always able to pass along to our customers commensurably.

Our CompuCom Division also operates in an environment that is highly competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to shifting client needs and expectations. We compete with companies that provide IT services and outsourcing, as well as companies that sell IT related products.

We regularly consider these and other competitive factors when we establish both offensive and defensive aspects of our overall business strategy and operating plans.

Economic Factors — Our customers in the Retail Division and certain of our customers in the Business Solutions and CompuCom Divisions are small and home office businesses. Accordingly, spending by these customers is affected by macroeconomic conditions, such as changes in the housing market and commodity costs, credit availability and other factors.

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Liquidity Factors — We rely on our cash flow from operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, and access to broad financial markets to provide the liquidity we need to operate our business and fund integration and restructuring activities. Together, these sources have been used to fund operating and working capital needs, as well as invest in business expansion through capital improvements and acquisitions. While we have in place a $1.3 billion asset-based credit facility to provide liquidity, the economic factors affecting our business may limit our ability to access this credit facility in full or cause future refinancing terms to be less favorable than the terms of our current indebtedness.

MARKET SENSITIVE RISKS AND POSITIONS

We have adopted an enterprise risk management process patterned after the principles set out by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO). We utilize a common view of exposure identification and risk management. A process is in place for periodic risk reviews and identification of appropriate mitigation strategies.

We have market risk exposure related to interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodities. Market risk is measured as the potential negative impact on earnings, cash flows or fair values resulting from a hypothetical change in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates over the next year. Interest rate changes on obligations may result from external market factors. We manage our exposure to market risks at the corporate level. The portfolio of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities is monitored to provide liquidity necessary to satisfy anticipated short-term needs. Our risk management policies allow the use of specified financial instruments for hedging purposes only; speculation on interest rates, foreign currency rates, or commodities is not permitted.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, debt obligations, and defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans.

The impact on cash and cash equivalents held at December 26, 2020, from a hypothetical 50-basis-point change in interest rates, would be an increase or decrease in interest income of approximately $4 million or $1 million, respectively. The impact on our New Facilities loans at December 26, 2020, from a hypothetical 50-basis-point change in interest rates, would be an increase in interest expense of less than $1 million.

The following table provides information about our debt portfolio outstanding as of December 26, 2020, that is sensitive to changes in interest rates. The following table does not include our obligations for pension plans and other postretirement benefits, although market risk also arises within our defined benefit pension plans to the extent that the obligations of the pension plans are not fully matched by assets with determinable cash flows. Refer to Note 15. “Employee Benefit Plans” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about our pension plans and other postretirement benefits obligations.