OIL STATES INTERNATIONAL, INC - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K 

/x/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

or

/ / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ________

Commission file no. 001-16337

Oil States International, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Three Allen Center, 333 Clay Street, Suite 4620, Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:

(713) 652-0582

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) YES [X ] NO [  ]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this form 10-K. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2015, was $1,840,219,502.

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of February 18, 2016 was 51,449,961 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which the registrant intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act). Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors. For a discussion of known material factors that could affect our results, please refer to “Part I, Item 1. Business,” “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” below.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

We include the following cautionary statement to take advantage of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for any "forward-looking statement" made by us, or on our behalf. The factors identified in this cautionary statement are important factors (but not necessarily all of the important factors) that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us, or on our behalf. You can typically identify "forward-looking statements" by the use of forward-looking words such as "may," "will," "could," "project," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "estimate," "potential," "plan," "forecast," “proposed,” “should,” “seek,” and other similar words. Such statements may include statements regarding our future financial position, budgets, capital expenditures, projected costs, plans and objectives of management for future operations and possible future strategic transactions. Where any such forward-looking statement includes a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying such forward-looking statement, we caution that assumed facts or bases almost always vary from actual results. The differences between assumed facts or bases and actual results can be material, depending upon the circumstances.

In any forward-looking statement where we, or our management, express an expectation or belief as to future results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis. However, there can be no assurance that the statement of expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. Taking this into account, the following are identified as important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by, or on behalf of, our company;

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no responsibility to publicly release the result of any revision of our forward-looking statements after the date they are made.

Item 1. Business

Our Company

Oil States International, Inc. (the Company or Oil States), through its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty products and services to oil and natural gas companies throughout the world. With the completion of the spin-off of our accommodations business, we are now a technology-focused, pure-play energy services company. We operate in some of the world's most active oil and natural gas producing regions, including onshore and offshore U.S., Canada, West Africa, the North Sea, South America and Southeast and Central Asia. Our customers include many national oil companies, major and independent oil and natural gas companies, onshore and offshore drilling companies and other oilfield service companies. We operate in two principal business segments – offshore products and well site services – and have established a leadership position in certain of our product or service offerings in each segment. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to the "Company" or “Oil States” or to "we," "us," "our," and similar terms are to Oil States International, Inc. and our subsidiaries.

Available Information

The Company maintains a website with the address of www.oilstatesintl.com. The Company is not including the information contained on the Company's website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company makes available free of charge through its website its Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission). The filings are also available through the Commission at the Commission's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, these filings are available on the internet at http://www.sec.gov. The Board of Directors of the Company (the Board) has documented its governance practices by adopting several corporate governance policies. These governance policies, including the Company's Corporate Governance Guidelines, Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Financial Code of Ethics for Senior Officers, as well as the charters for the committees of the Board (Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee) may also be viewed at the Company's website. The financial code of ethics applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and other senior officers. Copies of such documents will be sent to shareholders free of charge upon written request to the corporate secretary at the address shown on the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Business Strategy

We have in past years grown our business lines both organically through capital spending and through strategic acquisitions. Our investments are focused in growth areas and on areas where we expect we can expand market share and where we believe we can achieve an attractive return on our investment. We have seen investment opportunities in shale play regions in North America and in the expansion of our capabilities to manufacture and assemble deepwater capital equipment on a global basis. As part of our long-term strategy, we continue to review complementary acquisitions as well as make organic capital expenditures to enhance our cash flows and increase our shareholders’ returns. For additional discussion of our business strategy, please read Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Capital Spending and Acquisitions

Capital spending over the last several years has included both growth and maintenance capital expenditures in each of our businesses. Capital spending totaled $479 million over the three-year period 2013 to 2015.

In addition to capital spending, we have invested $78 million over the three-year period 2013 to 2015 for acquisitions of businesses. Acquisitions of other oilfield service businesses have been an important aspect of our growth strategy and plan to increase shareholder value. Our acquisition strategy has allowed us to leverage our existing and acquired products and services into new geographic locations, and has expanded our technology and product offerings. We have made strategic acquisitions in each of our business segments in recent years.

On January 2, 2015, we acquired all of the equity of Montgomery Machine Company, Inc. (MMC). Headquartered in Houston, Texas, MMC combines machining and proprietary cladding technology and services to manufacture high-specification components for the offshore capital equipment industry on a global basis. We believe that the acquisition of MMC will strengthen our position in our offshore products segment as a supplier of subsea components with enhanced capabilities, proprietary technology and logistical advantages. Total transaction consideration was $33.4 million, net of cash acquired.

On December 2, 2013, we acquired all of the operating assets of Quality Connector Systems, LLC (QCS) for total cash consideration of $42.3 million. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, QCS designs, manufactures and markets a portfolio of proprietary deep and shallow water pipeline connectors for subsea pipeline construction, repair and expansion projects. The operations of QCS have been included in our offshore products segment since the acquisition date.

The Company funded these acquisitions with cash on hand and/or amounts available under our credit facilities. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our senior secured bank facilities.

Our Industry

We principally operate in the oilfield services industry and provide a broad range of products and services to our customers through each of our business segments. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for financial information by segment and a geographical breakout of revenues and long-lived assets for each of the three years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. Demand for our products and services is cyclical and substantially dependent upon activity levels in the oil and gas industry, particularly our customers' willingness to invest capital on the exploration for and development of oil and natural gas. Our customers’ capital spending programs are generally based on their outlook for near-term and long-term commodity prices, economic growth, commodity demand and estimates of resource production. As a result, demand for our products and services is largely sensitive to expected commodity prices, principally related to crude oil and natural gas.

Our historical financial results reflect the cyclical nature of the oilfield services business. Since 2001, there have been periods of increasing and decreasing activity in each of our operating segments. For additional information about activities in each of our segments, please see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

During 2013 and the first three quarters of 2014, we benefited from high oil prices resulting in very active bidding and quoting activity for our offshore products segment. However, beginning early in the fourth quarter of 2014 and continuing throughout 2015, crude oil prices decreased significantly. Bidding and quoting activity for our offshore products segment continued during 2015, albeit at a slower pace. Accordingly, backlog in our offshore products segment decreased to $340 million at December 31, 2015 from $490 million at December 31, 2014 and $580 million at December 31, 2013 due to project deferrals and delays in award timing resulting from the continued depressed commodity price environment.

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2014, crude oil prices began a precipitous fall, with WTI decreasing from a June peak price per barrel of $107.95 to $30.77 per barrel as of February 18, 2016. These materially lower commodity prices have, and may continue to have, a negative impact on the cash flows of our customers forcing them to cut capital expenditures and control costs, which have, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Global deepwater spending has been and could continue to be negatively impacted as a result which may lead to further backlog declines in our offshore products segment during 2016 along with reduced revenues and profitability. Also due to this environment, we have an increased risk of project cancellations and contractual modifications.

In the past few years, our industry has experienced a shift in spending from natural gas exploration and development to crude oil and liquids-rich exploration and development in the North American shale plays utilizing horizontal drilling and completion techniques. According to the most current rig count data published by Baker Hughes Incorporated, the U.S. oil rig count peaked in October 2014 at 1,609 rigs but has declined materially in recent months due to much lower crude oil prices, totaling 439 rigs as of February 12, 2016. The February 12, 2016 oil rig count comprised approximately 81% of total U.S. drilling activity. The remaining 19% of drilling activity is largely natural gas related. The U.S. natural gas-related working rig count has declined from more than 810 rigs at the beginning of 2012 to 102 rigs as of February 12, 2016, a more than 28 year low. Unless commodity prices improve, we expect that the rig count and demand from our customers for our well site services will remain low during 2016.

See “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Macroeconomic Environment.”

Offshore Products

Overview

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we generated approximately 66% of our revenue and 74% of our gross margin from our offshore products segment. Through this segment, we design and manufacture a number of cost-effective, technologically advanced products for the offshore energy industry. In addition, we supply other lower margin products and services such as fabrication and inspection services. Our products and services are used primarily in deepwater producing regions and include flex-element technology, advanced connector systems, high-pressure riser systems, compact valves, deepwater mooring systems, cranes, subsea pipeline products, blow-out preventer stack integration, specialty welding, cladding and machining services, offshore installation services and repair services. We have facilities that support our offshore products segment in Arlington, Houston and Lampasas, Texas; Houma, Louisiana; Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma; Scotland; Brazil; England; Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam; and India.

Offshore Products Market

The market for our offshore products and services depends primarily upon development of infrastructure for offshore production activities, drilling rig refurbishments and upgrades as well as new rig and vessel construction. Demand for oil and natural gas and related drilling and production in offshore areas throughout the world, particularly in deeper water, drive spending for these activities.

Products and Services

In operation for over 70 years, our offshore products segment provides a broad range of products and services for use in offshore drilling and development activities. To a lesser extent, this segment also provides onshore oil and natural gas, defense and general industrial products and services. Our offshore products segment is dependent in part on the industry's continuing innovation and creative applications of existing technologies. We own patents covering some of our technology, particularly in our connector and valve product lines.

Offshore Development and Drilling Activities. We design, manufacture, fabricate, inspect, assemble, repair, test and market subsea equipment and offshore vessel and rig equipment. Our products are components of equipment used for the drilling and production of oil and natural gas wells on offshore fixed platforms and mobile production units, including floating platforms, such as tension leg platforms, floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, Spars, and on other marine vessels, floating rigs and jack-up rigs. Our products and services include:

Flexible Bearings and Advanced Connection Systems. We are a significant supplier of flexible bearings, or FlexJoint^®, to the offshore oil and gas industry as well as weld-on connectors and fittings that join lengths of large diameter conductor or casing used in offshore drilling and production operations. A FlexJoint^® is a flexible bearing that permits the controlled movement of riser or tension leg platform tethers under high tension and pressure. A FlexJoint^® or our flex element at the top, bottom and, in some cases, middle of a deepwater riser reduces the stress and tension on the riser compensating for the pitch and rotational forces on the riser as the production facility or drilling rig moves with ocean forces. They are used on drilling, production and export risers and are used increasingly as offshore production moves to deeper water areas. Drilling riser systems provide the vertical conduit between the floating drilling vessel and the subsea wellhead. Through the drilling riser, equipment is guided into the well and drilling fluids are returned to the surface. Production riser systems provide the vertical conduit for the hydrocarbons from the subsea wellhead to the floating production facility. Oil and natural gas flows to the surface for processing through the production riser. Export risers provide the vertical conduit from the floating production facility to the subsea export pipelines. Our FlexJoint^® bearings are a critical element in the construction and operation of production and export risers on floating production systems in deepwater.

Floating production systems, including tension leg platforms, Spars and FPSO facilities, are a significant means of producing oil and natural gas, particularly in deepwater environments. We provide many important products for the construction of these facilities. A tension leg platform (TLP) is a floating platform that is moored by vertical pipes, or tethers, attached to both the platform and the sea floor. Our FlexJoint^® tether bearings are used at the top and bottom connections of each of the tethers, and our Merlin™ connectors are used to efficiently assemble the tethers during offshore installation. An FPSO is a floating vessel, typically ship shaped, used to produce, and process oil and natural gas from subsea wells. A Spar is a floating vertical cylindrical structure which is approximately six to seven times longer than its diameter and is anchored in place. Our FlexJoint^® bearings are also used to attach the steel catenary risers to an FPSO, tension leg platform or Spar, and for use on import or export risers.

Casing and Conductor Connections and Pipe. Our advanced connection systems provide connectors used in various drilling and production applications offshore. These connectors are welded onto pipe to provide more efficient joint to joint connections with enhanced tensile and burst capabilities that exceed those of connections that are cut into plain end pipe. Our connectors are reusable and pliable and in some cases provide metal-to-metal seals. We offer a suite of connectors offering differing specifications depending on the application. Our Merlin™ connectors are our premier connectors combining superior static strength and fatigue life with fast, non-rotational make-up and a slim profile. Merlin™ connectors have been used in sizes up to 60 inches (outside diameter) for applications including open-hole and tie-back casing, offshore conductor casing, pipeline risers and TLP tendons (which moor the TLP to the sea floor).

These flexible bearings and advanced connector systems are primarily manufactured through our Arlington, Texas, U.K. and Singapore locations.

Subsea Pipeline Products. We design and manufacture a variety of equipment used in the construction, maintenance, expansion and repair of offshore oil and natural gas pipelines. New construction equipment includes:

We provide diverless connection systems for subsea flowlines and pipelines. Our HydroTech^® collet connectors provide a high-integrity, proprietary metal-to-metal sealing system for the final hook-up of deep offshore pipelines and production systems. They also are used in diverless pipeline repair systems and in future pipeline tie-in systems. Our lateral tie-in sled, which is installed with the original pipeline, allows a subsea tie-in to be made quickly and efficiently using proven HydroTech^® connectors without costly offshore equipment mobilization and without shutting off product flow.

We provide pipeline repair hardware, including deepwater applications beyond the depth of diver intervention. Our products include:

Our subsea pipeline products are primarily designed and manufactured at three of our Houston, Texas manufacturing locations.

Compact Ball Valves, Manifold System Components and Diverter Valves. Our Piper division designs and manufactures compact high pressure valves and manifold system components for all environments of the oil and gas industry including onshore, offshore, drilling and subsea applications. Our valve and manifold bores are designed to closely match the inside diameter of the required pipe schedule for the system working pressure. The result is elimination of piping transition areas that minimize erosion and system friction pressure loss, resulting in a more efficient flow path.  Our floating ball valve design with its large ball/seat interface has over 30 years of field service experience in upstream unprocessed produced liquids and gasses, assuring reliable service.  Oil States Piper Valve Optimum Flow Technology is our way of helping end users maximize space, minimize weight and increase production. These products are designed and manufactured at our Oklahoma City, Oklahoma location.

Marine Winches, Mooring Systems, Cranes and other Heavy-Lift Rig Equipment. We design, engineer and manufacture marine winches, mooring systems, cranes and certain rig equipment. Our Skagit^® winches are specifically designed for mooring floating and semi-submersible drilling rigs and positioning pipelay and derrick barges, anchor handling boats and jack-ups, while our Nautilus^® marine cranes are used on production platforms throughout the world. We also design and fabricate rig equipment such as automatic pipe racking and blow-out preventer handling equipment. Our engineering teams, manufacturing capability and service technicians who install and service our products provide our customers with a broad range of equipment and services to support their operations. Aftermarket service and support of our installed base of equipment to our customers is also an important source of revenue to us. These products are designed at our Houma, Louisiana location and manufactured at our Houma, Louisiana; Navi Mumbai, India; and Rayong, Thailand locations.

Production, Workover, Completion and Drilling Riser Systems and their related repair services. Utilizing the expertise of our welding technology group, we have extended the boundaries of our Merlin™ connector technology with the design and manufacture of multiple riser systems. The unique Merlin™ connection has proven to be a robust solution for even the most demanding high-pressure (up to 10,000 psi) riser systems used in high-fatigue, deepwater applications. Our riser systems are designed to meet a range of static and fatigue stresses on a par with those of our Tension Leg Elements (TLE) connectors. The connector can be welded or machined directly onto upset riser pipe and provide sufficient material to perform "re-cuts" after extended service. Our marine riser offers superior tension capabilities together with one of the fastest run times in the industry. Auxiliary riser system components and running tools can be provided along with full service inspection and repair of these riser systems by our facilities worldwide.

BOP Stack Assembly, Integration, Testing and Repair Services. While we do not manufacture BOP stack assemblies, we design and fabricate lifting and protection frames and offer system integration of blow-out preventer stacks and subsea production trees. We can provide complete turnkey and design fabrication services. We also design and manufacture a variety of custom subsea equipment, such as riser flotation tank systems, guide bases, running tools and manifolds. In addition, we also offer blow-out preventer and drilling riser testing and repair services. These assembly and testing services are offered through our Houston, Texas, U.K., Singapore and Brazil locations.

Consumable Downhole Products. Shale gas exploration has expanded the need for more advanced completion tools. To reduce well completion cost, the time to drill out tools is very important. We have leveraged our knowledge of molded thermoset composites and elastomers to help meet this demand, and as a result, we have seen growth in casing and cementing products, valves, and combination plugs. One example, the molded frac ball market, has grown from a few thousand units in 2009 to nearly five hundred thousand units in 2015. Additional products include:

We have also had success in developing and producing composite drillable zonal isolation tools (i.e., bridge / frac plugs) utilizing design and production techniques to reduce cost while still delivering high quality products. Time to drill out has been reduced significantly in comparison to other filament wound products in the market.

Other Products & Services.   Our offshore products segment also produces a variety of products for use in applications other than in the offshore oil and gas industry. For example, we provide:

Backlog. Backlog in our offshore products segment was $340 million at December 31, 2015, compared to $490 million at December 31, 2014 and $580 million at December 31, 2013. We expect approximately 80% of our backlog at December 31, 2015 to be recognized as revenue during 2016. Our offshore products backlog consists of firm customer purchase orders for which contractual commitments exist and delivery is scheduled. In some instances, these purchase orders are cancelable by the customer, subject to the payment of termination fees and/or the reimbursement of our costs incurred. While backlog cancellations have not been significant in the past, we incurred cancellations totaling $21.1 million during 2015 ($3.4 million occurring in the fourth quarter of 2015), which we believe is attributable to lower commodity prices and the resultant decrease in capital spending by our clients, and additional cancellations may occur in the future, further reducing our backlog. Our backlog is an important indicator of future offshore products shipments and revenues; however, backlog as of any particular date may not be indicative of our actual operating results for any future period. We believe that the offshore construction and development business is characterized by lengthy projects and a long "lead-time" order cycle. The change in backlog levels from one period to the next does not necessarily evidence a long-term trend.

Regions of Operations

Our offshore products segment provides products and services to customers in the major offshore oil and natural gas producing regions of the world, including the Gulf of Mexico, West Africa, Azerbaijan, the North Sea, Brazil, Southeast Asia, India and Australia.

Customers and Competitors

Well Site Services

Overview

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we generated approximately 34% of our revenue and 26% of our gross margin from our well site services segment. Our well site services segment includes a broad range of products and services that are used to drill for, establish and maintain the flow of oil and natural gas from a well throughout its life cycle. In this segment, our operations primarily include completion-focused equipment and services as well as land drilling services. We use our fleet of completion tools and drilling rigs to serve our customers at well sites and project development locations. Our products and services are used both in onshore and offshore applications throughout the drilling, completion and production phases of a well's life cycle.

Well Site Services Market

Demand for our completion services and drilling services is predominantly tied to the level of oil and natural gas exploration and production activity on land in the United States. The primary driver for this activity is the price of crude oil and natural gas. Activity levels have been, and we expect will continue to be, highly correlated with hydrocarbon commodity prices.

Services

Completion Services. Our completion services business, which is primarily marketed through the brand names Oil States Energy Services, Tempress, Stinger Wellhead Protection and Quality International, provides a wide range of services for use in the onshore and offshore oil and gas industry, including:

Drilling Services. Our drilling services business, which is marketed under the brand name Capstar Drilling, is located in the United States and provides land drilling services for shallow to medium depth wells generally of less than 10,000 to 12,000 feet and, under more limited conditions, up to 15,000 feet. We serve two primary markets with our drilling services business: the Permian Basin in West Texas and the Rocky Mountain region. Drilling services are typically used during the exploration and development stages of a field. As of December 31, 2015, we had a total of thirty-four semi-automatic drilling rigs with hydraulic pipe handling booms and lift capacities ranging from 150,000 to 500,000 pounds, fifteen of which were fabricated and/or assembled in our Odessa, Texas facility during the last ten years with components purchased from specialty vendors. Twenty-four of these drilling rigs are based in the Permian Basin and ten are based in the Rocky Mountain region. Utilization of our drilling rigs decreased from an average of 87% in 2014 to an average of 33% in 2015 due to lower crude oil prices and, on December 31, 2015, only five of our rigs, or 15%, were working or under contract. We believe that we may experience additional reductions in the utilization of our drilling rigs if commodity prices do not improve or decline further.

We market our drilling services directly to a diverse customer base, consisting primarily of independent and private oil and gas companies. We contract on both a footage and a dayrate basis. Under a footage drilling contract, we assume responsibility for certain costs (such as bits and fuel) and assume more risk (such as time necessary to drill) than we would on a daywork contract. Depending on market conditions and availability of drilling rigs, we see changes in pricing, utilization and contract terms. Our largest drilling services customers in 2015 were Energen Resources Corporation (representing 26% of our drilling services revenues in 2015), Apache Corporation and Crescent Point Energy US Corporation. The land drilling business is highly fragmented, and our competition consists of a small number of larger companies and many smaller companies. Our Permian Basin drilling activities target primarily oil reservoirs while our Rocky Mountain drilling activities target oil, liquids-rich and natural gas reservoirs.

* * * * *

Seasonality of Operations

Our operations are directly affected by seasonal differences in weather in the areas in which we operate, most notably in the Rocky Mountain region, the Gulf of Mexico and Canada. Severe winter weather conditions in the Rocky Mountain region can restrict access to work areas for our well site services segment operations. Our operations in the Gulf of Mexico are also affected by weather patterns. Weather conditions in the Gulf Coast region generally result in higher drilling activity in the spring, summer and fall months with the lowest activity in the winter months. In addition, summer and fall drilling activity can be interrupted by hurricanes and other storms prevalent in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Gulf Coast. A portion of our completion services operations in Canada is conducted during the winter months when the winter freeze in remote regions is required for exploration and production activity to occur. The spring thaw in these regions restricts operations in the second quarter of our fiscal year and adversely affects our operations and our ability to provide services. As a result of these seasonal differences, full year results are not likely to be a direct multiple of any particular quarter or combination of quarters.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, the Company employed 3,586 full-time employees on a consolidated basis, 42% of whom are in our well site services segment, 56% of whom are in our offshore products segment and 2% of whom are in our corporate headquarters. We were party to collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 27 employees located in Argentina and the United Kingdom as of December 31, 2015. We believe we have good labor relations with our employees.

Government Regulation

Our business is significantly affected by foreign and domestic laws and regulations at the federal, provincial, state and local levels relating to the oil and natural gas industry, worker safety and environmental protection. To the extent that these laws and regulations impose more stringent requirements or increased costs or delays upon our customers in the performance of their operations, the resulting demand for our products and services by those customers may be adversely affected, which impact could be significant and long-lasting.  Moreover, changes in these laws and regulations, including the implementation of more restrictive standards and increased levels of enforcement, could significantly affect our business. We cannot predict changes in the level of enforcement or interpretation of existing laws and regulations or the effect changes in these laws and regulations may have on us or our future operations or earnings. We also are not able to predict the extent to which new laws and regulations will be adopted or whether such new laws and regulations may impose more stringent or costly restrictions on our operations.

We depend on the demand for our products and services from oil and natural gas exploration and production companies. This demand is affected by changing taxes, price controls and laws and regulations relating to the oil and natural gas industry generally, including those specifically directed to oilfield and offshore operations. The adoption of laws and regulations curtailing exploration and development drilling for oil and natural gas in areas where we operate could also adversely affect our operations by limiting demand for our products and services. We cannot determine the extent to which our future operations and earnings may be affected by new legislation or regulations or amendments of existing laws or regulations.

Our operations and the operations of our customers for whom we provide our products and services are subject to numerous stringent and comprehensive foreign, federal, provincial, state and local environmental laws and regulations governing the release or discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection.  Numerous governmental agencies have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued under them, often requiring us or our customers to conduct difficult and costly actions to achieve and maintain compliance.  The violation of these laws and regulations may result in the denial or revocation of permits, issuance of corrective action orders, modification or cessation of operations, assessment of administrative and civil penalties, and even criminal prosecution.

Historically, our environmental compliance costs have not had a material adverse effect on our results of operations; however, there can be no assurance that such costs will not be material in the future. Moreover, it is possible that other developments, such as the adoption of new, more stringent environmental laws, regulations and enforcement policies or more stringent enforcement of existing environmental laws and regulations, could result in additional costs or liabilities upon us or our customers that we cannot currently quantify.

With regard to our operations in the United States, we generate wastes, including non-hazardous and hazardous wastes, which are subject to the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, or RCRA, and comparable state statutes. With authority delegated from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or “EPA,” most states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent requirements.  Federal and state regulatory agencies can seek to impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for alleged non-compliance with RCRA and analogous state requirements.  Drilling fluids, produced waters and other wastes associated with the exploration, development or exploration of oil or natural gas, if properly handled, are currently exempt from regulation as hazardous waste under RCRA.  These wastes, instead, are regulated under RCRA’s less stringent non-hazardous waste provisions, state laws or other federal laws.  However, it is possible that certain of these oil and natural gas exploration and production wastes now classified as non-hazardous could be re-classified as hazardous in the future.  For example, in August 2015, several non-governmental organizations filed notice of intent to sue the EPA under RCRA for, among other things, the agency’s alleged failure to reconsider whether such exclusion should continue to apply. Any such re-classification of these currently exempt wastes to hazardous could subject our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers to more rigorous and costly operating and disposal requirements, which could reduce demand for the products and services we provide and result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.  In the course of our operations, we generate some amounts of ordinary industrial wastes that may be regulated as hazardous wastes.

Also in connection with our operations in the United States, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended, or CERCLA, also known as the "Superfund" law, and comparable state statutes impose liability, without regard to fault or legality of the original conduct, on classes of persons that are considered to have contributed to the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include the owner or operator of the disposal site where the release occurred and companies that transported, disposed of, or arranged for the transport or disposal of the hazardous substances at the site where the release occurred.  Under CERCLA, these persons may be subject to joint and several, strict liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment and for damages to natural resources, and it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third-parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment. We currently have operations in the United States on properties where activities involving the handling of hazardous substances or wastes have been conducted by previous owners or operators whose operations were not under our control. These properties may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under these laws and related regulations, we could be required to remove or remediate previously discarded hazardous substances and wastes or property contamination that was caused by these third parties.

In the course of our operations in the United States, some of our equipment may be exposed to naturally occurring radiation associated with oil and natural gas deposits, and this exposure may result in the generation of wastes containing naturally occurring radioactive materials or "NORM."  NORM wastes exhibiting trace levels of naturally occurring radiation in excess of established state standards are subject to special handling and disposal requirements, and any storage vessels, piping, and work area affected by NORM may be subject to remediation or restoration requirements.  Because many of the domestic properties upon which we operate have been used for oil and natural gas production operations for many years, it is possible that we may incur costs or liabilities associated with elevated levels of NORM.

Our operations in the United States are also subject to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, or CWA, and analogous state laws that impose restrictions and strict controls regarding the discharge of pollutants into state waters or waters of the United States. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters, including jurisdictional wetlands, is prohibited unless the discharge is permitted by the EPA or applicable state agencies.  The EPA released a final rule in May 2015 that attempted to clarify federal jurisdiction under the CWA over waters of the United States, but a number of legal challenges to this rule are pending, and implementation of the rule has been stayed nationwide.  To the extent the rule expands the scope of the CWA’s jurisdiction, we or our customers could face increased costs and delays with respect to obtaining permits for certain activities in wetland areas.

Many of the domestic properties upon which we operate require permits for discharges of wastewater and/or storm water, and we have developed a system for securing and maintaining these permits, where required.  In addition, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended, or OPA, imposes a variety of requirements on responsible parties related to the prevention of oil spills and liability for damages, including natural resource damages, resulting from such spills in waters of the United States.  A responsible party under OPA includes the owner or operator of an onshore facility or vessel, or the lessee or permittee of the area in which an offshore facility is located.  The CWA and analogous state laws provide for administrative, civil and criminal penalties for unauthorized discharges and, together with the OPA, require the development and implementation of spill prevention and response plans and impose potential liability for the remedial costs and associated damages arising out of any unauthorized discharges.

A certain portion of our completion services business supports other contractors performing hydraulic fracturing to enhance the production of natural gas from formations with low permeability, such as shales.  While hydraulic fracturing typically is regulated in the United States by state oil and natural gas commissions, several federal agencies have asserted regulatory authority over certain aspects of the process.  For example, the EPA issued Clean Air Act final regulations in 2012 and proposed additional Clean Air Act regulations in August 2015 governing performance standards for the oil and natural-gas industry; proposed in April 2015 effluent limitations guidelines that waste water from shale natural-gas extraction operations must meet before discharging to a treatment plant; and issued in 2014 a prepublication of its Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding Toxic Substances Control Act reporting of the chemical substances and mixtures used in hydraulic fracturing. Also, the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM published a final rule in March 2015 that establishes new or more stringent standards for performing hydraulic fracturing on federal and Indian lands although, in September 2015, the U.S. District Court of Wyoming issued a preliminary injunction barring implementation of this rule, which order the BLM could appeal and is being separately appealed by certain environmental groups. In addition, from time to time, Congress has considered legislation to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing in the United States and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process.  At the state level, some states have adopted and other states are considering adopting legal requirements that could impose new or more stringent permitting, public disclosure or well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing activities.  States could elect to prohibit hydraulic fracturing altogether, following the lead of the State of New York in 2015.  Local government also may seek to adopt ordinances within their jurisdictions regulating the time, place or manner of drilling activities in general or hydraulic fracturing activities in particular.  In the event that new or more stringent federal, state or local legal restrictions relating to use of the hydraulic fracturing process in the United States are adopted in areas where our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers operate, those customers could incur potentially significant added costs to comply with requirements relating to permitting, construction, financial assurance, monitoring, recordkeeping, and/or plugging and abandonment, as well as could experience delays or curtailment in the pursuit of production or development activities, any or all of which could reduce demand for our completion services business.

In addition, certain governmental reviews in the United States are underway that focus on environmental aspects of hydraulic fracturing practices.  The White House Council on Environmental Quality is coordinating an administration-wide review of hydraulic fracturing practices and the EPA released its draft report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources in June 2015. That report concluded that hydraulic fracturing activities have not lead to widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water sources in the United States, although it identified above and below ground mechanisms by which hydraulic fracturing activities have the potential to impact drinking water sources.  However, in January 2016, the EPA’s Science Advisory Board provided its comments on the draft study, indicating its concern that EPA’s conclusion of no widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water sources arising from fracturing activities did not reflect the uncertainties and data limitations associated with such impacts, as described in the body of the draft report.  The final version of this EPA report remains pending and is expected to be completed in 2016.  Such EPA final report, when issued, as well as any future studies, depending on the results obtained, could spur initiatives to further regulate hydraulic fracturing, which events could delay or curtail production of oil and natural gas by exploration and production operations, some of which are performed by our customers, and thus reduce demand for our North American completion products and services.

In response to the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosive incident and resulting oil spill in the United States Gulf of Mexico in 2010, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, or BOEM, and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, or BSEE, each agencies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, or DOI, imposed more stringent permitting procedures and regulatory safety and performance requirements for new wells to be drilled in federal waters.  Compliance with these more stringent regulatory restrictions by offshore exploration, development and production operators, some of whom are our customers, in addition to any uncertainties or inconsistencies in current decisions and rulings by governmental agencies, delays in the processing and approval of drilling permits or exploration, development, oil spill-response and decommissioning plans and possible additional regulatory initiatives could adversely affect or delay new drilling and ongoing development efforts, which could have a material adverse impact on our and our customers’ businesses.  Moreover, new regulatory initiatives may be adopted or enforced by the BOEM and/or the BSEE in the future that could result in additional delays, restrictions or obligations with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and production operations conducted offshore.  For example, in April 2015, the BSEE issued a notice of proposed rulemaking, expected to be finalized in 2016, that focuses on well blowout preventer systems and well control with respect to operations on the Outer Continental Shelf. The proposed rule requires, among other things, incorporation of the latest industry standards establishing minimum baseline standards for the design, manufacture, repair, and maintenance of blowout preventers, as well as more controls over the maintenance and repair of blowout preventers.  In a second example, in September 2015, the BOEM issued draft guidance that would bolster supplemental bonding procedures for the decommissioning of offshore wells, platforms, pipelines and other facilities.  Among other things, this draft guidance proposes to eliminate the “waiver” exemption currently allowed by the BOEM with respect to offshore supplemental bonding in favor of a self-insurance mechanism that would allow more operators on the Outer Continental Shelf to seek self-insurance for a portion of their supplemental bonding obligations, but only for an amount that is no more than 10% of such operators’ tangible net worth.  The BOEM is expected to issue the draft guidance in the form of a final Notice to Lessees and Operators by no later than early summer 2016.  If our customers are unable to obtain the additional required supplemental bonds or other financial assurances as directed by BOEM, the BOEM could impose monetary penalties or require the operations of those customers on federal leases to be suspended or cancelled. 

These recent or any new rules, regulations or legal initiatives could delay or disrupt our customer’s operations, increase the risk of expired leases due to the time required to develop new technology, result in increased supplemental bonding and costs, and limit activities in certain areas, or cause them to incur penalties, fines, or shut-in production at one or more of their facilities, which developments could reduce demand for our products and services.  We may incur penalties directly from BSEE if, based on review of the facts surrounding an alleged violation upon an offshore lease, BSEE elects to hold contractors, including contractors such as us who are involved in well completion operations, potentially liable for alleged violations of law arising in the BSEE’s jurisdiction area.  Also, if material spill events similar to the Deepwater Horizon incident were to occur in the future, the United States or other countries could elect to issue directives to temporarily cease drilling activities and, in any event, may from time to time issue further safety and environmental laws and regulations regarding offshore oil and gas exploration and development, any of which developments could have a material adverse effect on our business.  We cannot predict with any certainty the full impact of any new laws, regulations or legal initiatives on our customers’ drilling operations or on the cost or availability of insurance to cover the risks associated with such operations.

Some of our operations as well as those of our oil and natural gas customers in the U.S. also result in emissions of regulated air pollutants. The federal Clean Air Act, as amended, or CAA, and analogous state laws require permits for facilities in the United States that have the potential to emit substances into the atmosphere that could adversely affect environmental quality. Failure to obtain a permit or to comply with permit requirements could result in the imposition of substantial administrative, civil and even criminal penalties.  In addition, amendment of the CAA or comparable state laws may cause our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers to incur capital expenditures for installation of air pollution control equipment and to encounter construction delays while applying for and receiving new or amended permits, which could have an adverse effect on demand for our products and services.  For example, in October 2015, the EPA issued a final rule under the CAA, lowering the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone from the current standard of 75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion under both the primary and secondary standards to provide requisite protection of public health and welfare, respectively. Certain areas of the country currently in compliance with the ground-level ozone NAAQS standard may be reclassified as non-attainment and such reclassification may make it more difficult for us or our exploration, development and production customers to construct new or modified sources of air pollution in newly designated non-attainment areas. Moreover, states are expected to implement more stringent regulations, which could apply to our or our customers’ operations. Compliance with this final rule could, among other things, require installation of new emission controls on some of our equipment, result in longer permitting timelines, and significantly increase our capital expenditures and operating costs.  Compliance with these or other new regulations could, among other things, require installation of new emission controls on some of our or our customers’ equipment, result in longer permitting timelines, and significantly increase our or our customers’ capital expenditures and operating costs, which could adversely impact our and our customers’ businesses.

Past scientific studies have suggested that emissions of certain gases, commonly referred to as greenhouse gases, or GHG, and including carbon dioxide and methane, may be contributing to warming of the Earth's atmosphere and other climatic changes.  In 2010, Canada affirmed its desire to be associated with the Copenhagen Accord that was negotiated in December 2009 as part of the international meetings on climate change regulation in Copenhagen.  The Copenhagen Accord, which is not legally binding, allows countries to commit to specific efforts to reduce GHG emissions, although how and when the commitments may be converted into binding emission reduction obligations is currently uncertain.  Pursuant to the Copenhagen Accord process, Canada has indicated an economy-wide GHG emissions target that equates to a 17 per cent reduction from 2005 levels by 2020, and the Canadian federal government has also indicated objectives of reducing overall Canadian GHG emissions by 30% from 2005 levels by 2030 and by 60% to 70% from 2006 levels by 2050.  One measure the government of Canada has undertaken in pursuit of this objective is to regulate GHG emissions on a sector by sector basis. The oil and gas sector has yet to be subject to specific emission targets at the federal level although, in May 2015, the federal government announced its intention to develop new regulatory measures for the oil, gas and chemical industries.  However, as discussed below, such emissions targets are being proposed in Alberta.  If and to the extent such specific emission targets are established, the costs of complying with such emission targets may adversely affect our and our clients' levels of activity in the energy sector and our respective financial results.

Additionally, GHG regulation can take place at the provincial and municipal level. For example, Alberta introduced the Climate Change and Emissions Management Act, which provides a framework for managing GHG emissions by reducing specified gas emissions, relative to gross domestic product, to an amount that is equal to or less than 50% of 1990 levels by December 31, 2020.  The accompanying regulation, the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation, effective July 1, 2007, requires mandatory emissions reductions through the use of emissions intensity targets, and a company can meet the applicable emissions limits by making emissions intensity improvements at facilities, offsetting GHG emissions by purchasing offset credits or emission performance credits in the open market, or acquiring “fund credits” by making payments of $15 per ton of carbon-dioxide equivalent emissions to the Alberta Climate Change and Management Fund.  The Specified Gas Reporting Regulation imposes GHG emissions reporting requirements if certain established facilities have GHG emissions of 100,000 tons or more of carbon dioxide equivalent in a calendar year.  However, in November 2015, Alberta Premier Rachel Notley announced that the province will transition from the current approach to an oil sands-based performance standard for carbon pricing and will legislate an overall limit to oil sands GHG emissions.  In particular, Alberta will implement a $20 per ton carbon tax in January 2017 that will increase to $30 per ton carbon tax in January 2018 that will be applied to oil sands facilities emitting GHGs as a means of reducing GHG emissions.  Moreover, Alberta plans to restrict GHG emissions from oil sands operations by introducing an emissions limit of 100 megatons of carbon per year; data reported by the Alberta government indicates that oil sands operations currently generate approximately 70 megatons of carbon a year. In addition, Alberta facilities must currently report emissions of industrial air pollutants and comply with obligations in permits and under other environmental regulations. The Canadian federal government currently proposes to enter into equivalency agreements with provinces to establish a consistent regulatory regime for GHGs, but the success of any such plan is uncertain, possibly leaving overlapping levels of regulation. The direct and indirect costs of overlapping regulations may adversely affect our operations and financial results as well as those of our customers with whom we conduct business.

In the United States, the EPA has determined that emissions of GHGs present an endangerment to public health and the environment and, based on those findings, adopted regulations under existing provisions of the CAA that, among other things, establish Prevention of Significant Deterioration, or PSD, construction and Title V operating permit reviews for GHG emissions from certain large stationary sources that already are potential major sources of certain principal, or criteria, pollutant emissions.  Facilities required to obtain PSD permits for their GHG emissions also will be required to meet “best available control technology” standards that typically will be established by the states.  These EPA rulemakings could adversely affect our and our exploration, development and production customers’ operations and restrict or delay our ability to obtain air permits for new or modified sources that are major sources of GHG emissions.  The EPA has also adopted rules requiring the monitoring and annual reporting of GHG emissions from specified large GHG emission sources in the United States, including, among others, offshore and onshore oil and natural gas production facilities.

While the U.S. Congress has from time to time considered legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs, there has not been significant activity in the form of adopted legislation to reduce GHG emissions at the federal level in recent years.  In the absence of federal climate legislation in the U.S., a number of state and regional efforts have emerged that are aimed at tracking and/or reducing GHG emissions by means of cap and trade programs that typically require major sources of GHG emissions, to acquire and surrender emission allowances in return for emitting those GHGs.  If Congress undertakes comprehensive tax reform in the coming year, it is possible that such reform may include a carbon tax, which could impose additional direct costs on operations and reduce demand for refined products.  The adoption of legislation or regulatory programs to reduce emissions of GHGs could require us or our customers to incur increased operating costs, such as costs to purchase and operate emissions control systems, to acquire emissions allowances or comply with new regulatory or reporting requirements. Any such legislation or regulatory programs could also increase the cost of consuming, and thereby reduce demand for, the oil and natural gas, which could reduce the demand for our products and services.  Consequently, legislation and regulatory programs to reduce emissions of GHGs could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, in August 2015, the EPA proposed rules that will establish emission standards for methane from certain new and modified oil and natural-gas production and natural-gas processing and transmission facilities as part of the Obama Administration’s efforts to reduce methane emissions from the oil and natural-gas sector by up to 45 percent from 2012 levels by 2025. The EPA’s proposed rule package includes standards to address emissions of methane from equipment and processes across the source category, including hydraulically-fractured oil and natural-gas well completions, fugitive emissions from well sites and compressors, and equipment leaks at natural-gas processing plants and pneumatic pumps. The EPA is expected to finalize these rules in 2016.  In addition, on an international level, the United States is one of almost 200 nations (including Canada) that, in December 2015, agreed to an international climate change agreement in Paris, France that calls for countries to set their own GHG emissions targets and be transparent about the measures each country will use to achieve its GHG emissions targets. Finally, it should be noted that some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, floods and other climatic events. If any such effects were to occur, they could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

The federal Endangered Species Act, as amended, or the ESA, restricts activities in the United States that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitats. If endangered species are located in areas of the United States where our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers operate, such operations could be prohibited or delayed or expensive mitigation may be required.  Moreover, as a result of a settlement approved by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or FWS, is required to make a determination on listing of numerous species as endangered or threatened under the ESA before the end of the agency’s 2017 fiscal year. For example, in March 2014, the FWS announced the listing of the lesser prairie chicken, whose habitat is over a five-state region, including Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and Oklahoma, as a threatened species under the ESA.  However, on September 1, 2015, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas vacated the FWS’ rule listing the lesser prairie chicken in its entirety, concluding that the decision to list the species was arbitrary and capricious.  It remains to be seen how the FWS responds to the vacating of its rule. The designation of previously unprotected species as threatened or endangered in areas of the United States where our customers’ oil and natural gas exploration and production operations are conducted could cause them to incur increased costs arising from species protection measures or could result in limitations on their exploration and production activities, which could have an adverse impact on demand for our products and services.

We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or OSHA, and comparable state statutes whose purpose is to protect the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and comparable state statutes and any implementing regulations require that we organize and/or disclose information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local governmental authorities and citizens. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety.

Our operations outside of the United States are potentially subject to similar foreign governmental controls relating to protection of the environment.  We believe that, to date, our operations outside of the United States have been in substantial compliance with existing requirements of these foreign governmental bodies and that such compliance has not had a material adverse effect on our operations.  However, this trend of compliance with existing requirements may not continue in the future or the cost of such compliance may become material.  For instance, any future restrictions on emissions of GHGs that are imposed in foreign countries in which we operate, could adversely affect demand for our services.

In addition, some of our employees who perform services on offshore platforms and vessels are covered by the provisions of the Jones Act, the Death on the High Seas Act and general maritime law. These laws operate to make the liability limits established under states' workers' compensation laws inapplicable to these employees and permit them or their representatives generally to pursue actions against us for damages or job-related injuries with no limitations on our potential liability.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

     The risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

Demand for most of our products and services is substantially dependent on the levels of expenditures by companies in the oil and natural gas industry. We believe our customers’ capital expenditures will further decline in 2016 and beyond if the current depressed oil and natural gas price environment continues or worsens. This could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Should the depressed commodity price environment not improve or decrease further, we could encounter difficulties such as an inability to access needed capital on attractive terms or at all, the incurrence of asset impairment charges, an inability to meet financial ratios contained in our debt agreements, a need to reduce our capital spending and other similar impacts. For example, under our credit agreement, we must maintain an interest coverage ratio, defined as the ratio of consolidated EBITDA to consolidated interest expense of at least 3.0 to 1.0 and a maximum leverage ratio, defined as the ratio of total debt to consolidated EBITDA, of no greater than 3.25 to 1.0.   As of December 31, 2015, we had $122.9 million in borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and $37.7 million of outstanding letters of credit, leaving $439.4 million available to be drawn under the revolving credit facility.  However, we expect that we may not be able to access the entire amount available under the credit facility during 2016 and potentially beyond, as we expect our trailing twelve month EBITDA to decline during 2016, limiting the amount we may borrow while remaining in compliance with the total debt to consolidated EBITDA covenant. As more fully disclosed in Note 1, Organization and Basis of Presentation, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading “Liquidity, Capital Resources and Other Matters”, we discuss our expectations regarding liquidity and covenant compliance for 2016.

Many factors affect the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas and, therefore, influence product prices, including:

The current oversupply of oil and natural gas relative to demand has resulted in significantly lower oil and natural gas prices. As a result, many of our customers have announced or are expected to announce reductions or delays in their capital spending in 2016, which consequently would reduce the demand for our products and services and exert additional downward pressure on the prices of our products and services. If the current depressed commodity price environment for oil and natural gas continues for a prolonged period, it will likely result in further reductions of capital expenditures by our customers, causing further declines in the demand for, and prices of, our products and services. Any prolonged reduction in the overall level of exploration and production activities, whether resulting from changes in oil and natural gas prices or otherwise, could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in many ways including by negatively affecting:

Federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays in the completion of oil and natural gas wells, which could adversely affect our products and services.

Although we do not directly engage in hydraulic fracturing, a certain portion of our completion services business supports many of our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers in such activities. Hydraulic fracturing is an important and commonly used process for the completion of oil and natural gas wells in formations with low permeabilities, such as shale formations, and involves the pressurized injection of water, sand and chemicals into rock formations to stimulate production. Due to concerns raised regarding potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing and fracturing fluids disposal on drinking water and groundwater quality, legislative and regulatory efforts at the federal level and in some states have been initiated in the United States to render permitting, public disclosure and construction and operational compliance requirements for our customers more stringent for hydraulic fracturing. While hydraulic fracturing typically is regulated in the United States by state oil and natural gas commissions, several federal agencies have asserted regulatory authority over certain aspects of the process. For example, the EPA issued CAA final regulations in 2012 and proposed additional CAA regulations in August 2015 governing performance standards for the oil and natural-gas industry; proposed in April 2015 effluent limitations guidelines that waste water from shale natural-gas extraction operations must meet before discharging to a treatment plant; and issued in 2014 a prepublication of its Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding Toxic Substances Control Act reporting of the chemical substances and mixtures used in hydraulic fracturing. Also, the BLM published a final rule in March 2015 that establishes new or more stringent standards for performing hydraulic fracturing on federal and Indian lands but, in September 2015, the U.S. District Court of Wyoming issued a preliminary injunction barring implementation of this rule, which order the BLM could appeal and is being separately appealed by certain environmental groups. In addition, from time to time, Congress has considered legislation to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing in the United States and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process. At the state level, some states have adopted and other states are considering adopting legal requirements that could impose new or more stringent permitting, public disclosure or well construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing activities. Local governments also may seek to adopt ordinances within their jurisdictions regulating the time, place or manner of drilling activities in general or hydraulic fracturing activities in particular.

In addition, certain governmental reviews in the United States are underway that focus on environmental aspects of hydraulic fracturing practices. The White House Council on Environmental Quality is coordinating an administration-wide review of hydraulic fracturing practices. The EPA released its draft report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources in June 2015, which report concluded that hydraulic fracturing activities have not lead to widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water sources in the United States, although there are above- and below-ground mechanisms by which hydraulic fracturing activities have the potential to impact drinking water sources.  However, in January 2016, the EPA’s Science Advisory Board provided its comments on the draft study, indicating its concern that EPA’s conclusion of no widespread, systemic impacts on drinking water sources arising from fracturing activities did not reflect the uncertainties and data limitations associated with such impacts, as described in the body of the draft report.  The final version of this EPA report remains pending and is expected to be completed in 2016.  Such EPA final report, when issued, as well as any future studies, depending on the results obtained, could spur initiatives to further regulate hydraulic fracturing, which events could delay or curtail production of oil and natural gas by exploration and production operators, some of which are performed by our customers, and thus reduce demand for our North American completion products and services. In the event that new or more stringent federal, state or local legal restrictions relating to use of the hydraulic fracturing process in the United States are adopted in areas where our oil and natural gas exploration and production customers operate, those customers could incur potentially significant added costs to comply with requirements relating to permitting, construction, financial assurance, monitoring, recordkeeping, and/or plugging and abandonment, as well as could experience delays or curtailment in the pursuit of production or development activities, any of which could reduce demand for the products and services of each of our business segments.

Additional deepwater drilling laws and regulations, delays in the processing and approval of drilling permits and exploration, oil spill-response and decommissioning plans, and other related restrictions arising after the Deepwater Horizon incident in the Gulf of Mexico may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

In response to the Deepwater Horizon explosive incident and resulting oil spill in the United States Gulf of Mexico in 2010, the BOEM and the BSEE have imposed more stringent permitting procedures and regulatory safety and performance requirements for new wells to be drilled in federal waters. Compliance with these more stringent regulatory restrictions, in addition to any uncertainties or inconsistencies in current decisions and rulings by governmental agencies, delays in the processing and approval of drilling permits and exploration, development, oil spill-response and decommissioning plans and possible additional regulatory initiatives could adversely affect or delay new drilling and ongoing development efforts.

Moreover, new regulatory initiatives may be adopted or enforced by the BOEM and/or the BSEE in the future that could result in additional delays, restrictions or obligations with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and production operations conducted offshore.  For example, in April 2015, the BSEE issued a notice of proposed rulemaking, expected to be finalized in 2016, that focuses on well blowout preventer systems and well control with respect to operations on the Outer Continental Shelf. The proposed rule requires, among other things, incorporation of the latest industry standards establishing minimum baseline standards for the design, manufacture, repair, and maintenance of blowout preventers, as well as more controls over the maintenance and repair of blowout preventers.  In a second example, in September 2015, the BOEM issued draft guidance that would bolster supplemental bonding procedures for the decommissioning of offshore wells, platforms, pipelines and other facilities.  Among other things, this draft guidance proposes to eliminate the “waiver” exemption currently allowed by the BOEM with respect to offshore supplemental bonding in favor of a self-insurance mechanism that would allow more operators on the Outer Continental Shelf to seek self-insurance for a portion of their supplemental bonding obligations, but only for an amount that is no more than 10% of such operators’ tangible net worth.  The BOEM is expected to issue the draft guidance in the form of a final Notice to Lessees and Operators by no later than early summer 2016.  If our customers are unable to obtain the additional required supplemental bonds or other financial assurances as directed by BOEM, the BOEM could impose monetary penalties or require the operations of those customers on federal leases to be suspended or cancelled. 

These recent, or any new, rules, regulations or legal initiatives could delay or disrupt our customer’s operations, increase the risk of expired leases due to the time required to develop new technology, result in increased supplemental bonding and costs, and limit activities in certain areas, or cause them to incur penalties, fines, or shut-in production at one or more of their facilities, which developments could reduce demand for our products and services.  We may incur penalties directly from BSEE if, based on review of the facts surrounding an alleged violation upon an offshore lease, BSEE elects to hold contractors, including contractors such as us who are involved in well completion operations, potentially liable for alleged violations of law arising in the BSEE’s jurisdiction area.  Also, if material spill events similar to the Deepwater Horizon incident were to occur in the future, the United States or other countries could elect to issue directives to temporarily cease drilling activities and, in any event, may from time to time issue further safety and environmental laws and regulations regarding offshore oil and gas exploration and development, any of which developments could have a material adverse effect on our business.  We cannot predict with any certainty the full impact of any new laws, regulations or legal initiatives on our customers’ drilling operations or on the cost or availability of insurance to cover the risks associated with such operations.

The cyclical nature of our business and a severe prolonged downturn could negatively affect the value of our goodwill.

As of December 31, 2015, goodwill represented approximately 16% of our total assets. We have recorded goodwill because we paid more for some of our businesses that we acquired than the fair market value of the tangible and separately measurable intangible net assets of those businesses. We are required to periodically review the goodwill for each of our reporting units (completion services, drilling services and offshore products) for impairment in value and to recognize a non-cash charge against earnings with a corresponding decrease in stockholders' equity if circumstances, some of which are beyond our control, indicate that the carrying amount will not be recoverable. It is possible that we could recognize goodwill impairment losses in the future if, among other factors:

We do business in international jurisdictions which exposes us to unique risks.

A portion of our revenue is attributable to operations in foreign countries. These activities accounted for approximately 27% (12% excluding the UK and Canada) of our consolidated revenue in the year ended December 31, 2015. Risks associated with our operations in foreign areas include, but are not limited to:

Additionally, in some jurisdictions we are subject to foreign governmental regulations favoring or requiring the awarding of contracts to local contractors, or requiring foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. These regulations may adversely affect our ability to compete in such jurisdictions.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices and impact our business. Any failure to comply with the FCPA or other anti-bribery legislation could subject us to civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We could also face fines, sanctions, and other penalties from authorities in the relevant foreign jurisdictions, including prohibition of our participating in, or curtailment of, business operations in those jurisdictions and the seizure of assets. Additionally, we may have competitors who are not subject to the same ethics-related laws and regulations which provides them with a competitive advantage over us by securing business awards, licenses, or other preferential treatment, in those jurisdictions using methods that certain ethics-related laws and regulations prohibit us from using.

The regulatory regimes in some foreign countries may be substantially different than those in the United States, and may be unfamiliar to U.S. investors. Violations of foreign laws could result in monetary and criminal penalties against us or our subsidiaries and could damage our reputation and, therefore, our ability to do business.

Exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our U.S. reported results of operations and financial position.

In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into purchase and sales commitments that are denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currency used by our operating subsidiaries. Currency exchange rate fluctuations can create volatility in our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows. Although we may enter into foreign exchange agreements with financial institutions in order to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, these transactions, if entered into, will not eliminate that risk entirely. To the extent that we are unable to match revenues received in foreign currencies with expenses paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows. Additionally, because our consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, if we generate net revenues or earnings in countries whose currency is not the U.S. dollar, the translation of such amounts into U.S. dollars can result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our net revenues and earnings depending upon exchange rate movements. With respect to our potential exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and devaluations, for the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 27% of our revenues originated from subsidiaries outside of the U.S. and were denominated in currencies including, among others, the pound sterling. As a result, a material decrease in the value of these currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may have a negative impact on our reported revenues, net income, and cash flows. Any currency controls implemented by local monetary authorities in countries where we currently operate could also adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to extensive and costly environmental laws and regulations that may require us to take actions that will adversely affect our results of operations.

Our operations are significantly affected by stringent foreign, federal, provincial, state, and local laws, and regulations governing the discharge of substances into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection. We could be exposed to liabilities for cleanup costs, natural resource damages, and other damages under these laws and regulations, with certain of these legal requirements imposing strict liability for such damages and costs, even though our conduct was lawful at the time it occurred or the conduct resulting in such damage and costs were caused by, prior operators or other third-parties. Environmental laws and regulations are subject to change in the future, possibly resulting in more stringent legal requirements. If existing regulatory requirements or enforcement policies change, we may be required to make significant, unanticipated capital and operating expenditures.

Any failure by us to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations may result in governmental authorities taking actions against our business that could adversely impact our operations and financial condition, including the:

An accidental release of pollutants into the environment may cause us to incur significant costs and liabilities.

There is inherent risk of environmental costs and liabilities in our business as a result of our handling of petroleum hydrocarbons, because of air emissions and waste water discharges related to our operations, and due to historical industry operations and waste disposal practices. Certain environmental statutes impose joint and several, strict liability for these costs. For example, an accidental release by us in the performance of services at one of our or our customers’ sites could subject us to substantial liabilities arising from environmental cleanup, restoration costs, and natural resource damages, claims made by neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of environmental laws or regulations. We may not be able to recover some or any of these costs from insurance.

We may be exposed to certain regulatory and financial risks related to climate change.

Climate change continues to receive increasing attention from the general public, the scientific community, and governments, both in the United States and in foreign countries. The debate is ongoing as to the extent to which our climate is changing, the potential causes of any change and its potential impacts. Some attribute global warming to increased levels of GHGs, including carbon dioxide and methane, which has led to significant legislative and regulatory efforts to limit GHG emissions. Among other regulatory efforts, significant focus is being made on companies that are active producers of depleting natural resources.

There are a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to address GHG emissions, which are in various phases of discussion or implementation. The outcome of foreign and domestic federal, regional, provincial, and state actions to address global climate change could result in a variety of regulatory programs including potential new regulations, additional charges to fund energy efficiency activities, or other regulatory actions. Among other things, these actions could:

Any adoption of these or similar proposals by foreign or domestic federal, regional, or state governments, mandating a substantial reduction in GHG emissions, or imposing a carbon tax on emission of GHGs, could have far-reaching and significant impacts on the energy industry. Although it is not possible at this time to predict how legislation or new regulations that may be adopted to address GHG emissions, would impact our business, any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business or demand for our products and services. See "Part I, Item 1. “Business - Government Regulation" for a more detailed description of our climate change-related risks.

Currently proposed legislative changes, including changes to tax laws and regulations, could materially, negatively impact the Company by increasing the costs of doing business and decreasing the demand for our products and services.

The current U.S. administration and Congress have proposed several new articles of legislation or legislative and administrative changes, including changes to tax laws and regulations, which could have a material negative effect on our Company. Some of the proposed changes that could negatively impact us are:

We are susceptible to seasonal earnings volatility due to adverse weather conditions in our regions of operations.

Our operations are directly affected by seasonal differences in weather in the areas in which we operate, most notably in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States, the Gulf of Mexico and Canada. Severe winter weather conditions in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States can restrict access to work areas for our well site services segment customers. Our operations in and near the Gulf of Mexico are also affected by weather patterns. Weather conditions in the Gulf Coast region generally result in higher drilling activity in the spring, summer and fall months, with the lowest activity in the winter months. In addition, summer and fall drilling activity can be restricted due to hurricanes and other storms prevalent in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Gulf Coast. A portion of our completion services operations in Canada are conducted during the winter months when the winter freeze in remote regions is required for exploration and production activity to occur. The spring thaw in these frontier regions restricts operations in the spring months and, as a result, adversely affects our operations and our ability to provide products and services in the second and, to a lesser extent, third quarters of our fiscal year. As a result of these seasonal differences, full year results are not likely to be a direct multiple of any particular quarter or combination of quarters.

We are exposed to risks relating to subcontractors’ performance in some of our projects.

In many cases, we subcontract the performance of portions of our operations to subcontractors. While we seek to obtain appropriate indemnities and guarantees from these subcontractors, we remain ultimately responsible for the performance of our subcontractors. Industrial disputes, natural disasters, financial failure or default, or inadequate performance in the provision of services, or the inability to provide services by such subcontractors, has the potential to materially adversely affect us.

Our inability to control the inherent risks of identifying and integrating businesses that we may acquire, including any related increases in debt or issuances of equity securities, could adversely affect our operations.

Acquisitions have been, and our management believes will continue to be, a key element of our growth strategy. However, we may not be able to identify and acquire acceptable acquisition candidates on favorable terms in the future. We may be required to incur substantial indebtedness to finance future acquisitions and also may issue equity securities in connection with such acquisitions. Such additional debt service requirements could impose a significant burden on our results of operations and financial condition. The issuance of additional equity securities could result in significant dilution to stockholders.

We expect to gain certain business, financial, and strategic advantages as a result of business combinations we undertake, including synergies and operating efficiencies. Our forward-looking statements assume that we will successfully integrate our business acquisitions and realize these intended benefits. An inability to realize expected financial performance and strategic advantages as a result of the acquisition would negatively affect the anticipated benefits of the acquisition. Additional risks we could face in connection with acquisitions include:

Additionally, an acquisition may bring us into businesses we have not previously conducted and expose us to additional business risks that are different from those we have previously experienced. If we fail to manage any of these risks successfully, our business could be harmed. Our capitalization and results of operations may change significantly following an acquisition, and shareholders of the Company may not have the opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial, and other relevant information that we will consider in evaluating future acquisitions.

We may not have adequate insurance for potential liabilities and our insurance may not cover certain liabilities, including litigation risks.

The products that we manufacture and the services that we provide are complex, and the failure of our equipment to operate properly or to meet specifications may greatly increase our customers’ costs. In addition, many of these products are used in inherently hazardous applications where an accident or product failure can cause personal injury or loss of life, damages to property, equipment, or the environment, regulatory investigations and penalties, and the suspension or cancellation of the end-user’s operations. If our products or services fail to meet specifications, or are involved in accidents or failures, we could face warranty, contract, or other litigation claims for which we may be held responsible and our reputation for providing quality products may suffer. In the ordinary course of business, we become the subject of various claims, lawsuits, and administrative proceedings, seeking damages or other remedies concerning our commercial operations, products, employees, and other matters, including occasional claims by individuals alleging exposure to hazardous materials as a result of our products or operations. Some of these claims relate to the activities of businesses that we have sold, and some relate to the activities of businesses that we have acquired, even though these activities may have occurred prior to our acquisition of such businesses.

We maintain insurance to cover many of our potential losses, and we are subject to various self-retentions and deductibles under our insurance policies. It is possible, however, that a judgment could be rendered against us in cases in which we could be uninsured and beyond the amounts that we currently have reserved or anticipate incurring for such matters. Even a partially uninsured or underinsured claim, if successful and of significant size, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or consolidated financial position. We also face the following other risks related to our insurance coverage:

Our business could be negatively impacted by security threats, including cybersecurity threats, and other disruptions.

We face various security threats, including cybersecurity threats to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or to render data or systems unusable; threats to the safety of our employees; threats to the security of our facilities and infrastructure, or third-party facilities and infrastructure, such as processing plants and pipelines; and threats from terrorist acts. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor these threats and mitigate our exposure to such threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient in preventing security threats from materializing. If any of these events were to materialize, they could lead to losses of sensitive information, critical infrastructure, personnel or capabilities, essential to our operations, and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Cybersecurity attacks in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, and corruption of data.

We depend on several significant customers in each of our business segments, and the loss of one or more such customers or the inability of one or more such customers to meet their obligations to us, could adversely affect our results of operations.

We depend on several significant customers in each of our business segments. For a more detailed explanation of our customers for each of our business segments, see “Item 1. Business.” The loss of any one of our largest customers in any of our business segments, or a sustained decrease in demand by any of such customers, could result in a substantial loss of revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, the concentration of customers in one industry may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that customers may be similarly affected by changes in economic and industry conditions. While we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, we do not generally require collateral in support of our trade receivables.

As a result of our customer concentration, risks of nonpayment and nonperformance by our counterparties are a concern in our business. We are subject to risks of loss resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers. Many of our customers finance their activities through cash flow from operations, the incurrence of debt, or the issuance of equity. Many of our customers are experiencing substantial reductions in their cash flows from operations, and some are experiencing liquidity shortages, lack of access to capital and credit markets, a reduction in borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities, and other adverse impacts to their financial condition. These conditions may result in a significant reduction in our customers’ liquidity and ability to pay or otherwise perform on their obligations to us. Furthermore, some of our customers may be highly leveraged and subject to their own operating and regulatory risks, which increases the risk that they may default on their obligations to us. The inability, or failure of, our significant customers to meet their obligations to us, or their insolvency or liquidation, may adversely affect our financial results.

Our common stock price has been volatile, and we expect it to continue to remain volatile in the future.

The market price of common stock of companies engaged in the oil and natural gas services industry has been highly volatile. Likewise, the market price of our common stock has varied significantly in the past, and we expect it to continue to remain highly volatile given the cyclical nature of our industry.

We may assume contractual risks in developing, manufacturing and delivering products in our offshore products business segment.

Many of our products from our offshore products segment are ordered by customers under frame agreements or project-specific contracts. In some cases these contracts stipulate a fixed price for the delivery of our products and impose liquidated damages or late delivery fees if we do not meet specific customer deadlines. In addition, some customer contracts stipulate consequential damages payable, generally as a result of our gross negligence or willful misconduct. The final delivered products may also include customer and third-party supplied equipment, the delay of which can negatively impact our ability to deliver our products on time at our anticipated profitability.

In certain cases these orders include new technology or unspecified design elements. In some cases we may not be fully, or, properly compensated for the cost to develop and design the final products, negatively impacting our profitability on the projects. In addition, our customers, in many cases, request changes to the original design or bid specifications for which we may not be fully or properly compensated.

As is customary for our offshore products segment, we agree to provide products under fixed-price contracts, typically assuming responsibility for cost overruns. Our actual costs, and any gross profit realized on these fixed-price contracts, may vary from the initially expected contract economics. There is inherent risk in the estimation process including significant unforeseen technical and logistical challenges, or longer than expected lead times. A fixed-price contract may prohibit our ability to mitigate the impact of unanticipated increases in raw material prices (including the price of steel) through increased pricing.

In fulfilling some contracts, we provide limited warranties for our products. Although we estimate and record a provision for potential warranty claims, repair or replacement costs under warranty provisions in our contracts could exceed the estimated cost to cure the claim, which could be material to our financial results. We utilize percentage-of-completion accounting, depending on the size and length of a project, and variations from estimated contract performance could have a significant impact on our reported operating results as we progress toward completion of major jobs.

Backlog in our offshore products segment is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and is, therefore, an imperfect indicator of our future revenues and earnings. 

The revenues projected in our offshore products segment backlog may not be realized or, if realized, may not result in profits. Because of potential changes in the scope or schedule of our customers’ projects, we cannot predict with certainty when or if backlog will be realized. In addition, even where a project proceeds as scheduled, it is possible that contracted parties may default and fail to pay amounts owed to us. Material delays, cancellations or payment defaults could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We might be unable to employ a sufficient number of technical personnel.

Many of the products that we sell, especially in our offshore products segment, are complex and highly engineered, and often must perform in harsh conditions. We believe that our success depends upon our ability to employ and retain technical personnel with the ability to design, utilize, and enhance these products. In addition, our ability to expand our operations depends in part on our ability to increase our skilled labor force. During periods of increased activity, the demand for skilled workers is high, and the supply is limited. When these events occur, our cost structure increases and our growth potential could be impaired. Conversely, during periods of reduced activity, we are forced to reduce headcount, freeze or reduce wages, and implement other cost-saving measures which could lead to job abandonment by our technical personnel.

We might be unable to compete successfully with other companies in our industry.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and certain of them have relatively few barriers to entry. The principal competitive factors in our markets are product, equipment and service quality, availability, responsiveness, experience, technology, safety performance, and price. In some of our business segments, we compete with the oil and natural gas industry’s largest oilfield service providers. These large national and multi-national companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, technical, and other resources, and greater name recognition than we do. Several of our competitors provide a broader array of services and have a stronger presence in more geographic markets. In addition, we compete with several smaller companies capable of competing effectively on a regional or local basis. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and services, and changes in customer requirements. Some contracts are awarded on a bid basis, which further increases competition based on price. As a result of competition, we may lose market share or be unable to maintain or increase prices for our present services, or to acquire additional business opportunities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we do not develop new competitive technologies and products, our business and revenues may be adversely affected.

The market for our offshore products is characterized by continual technological developments to provide better performance in increasingly greater water depths, higher pressure levels and harsher conditions. If we are unable to design, develop, and produce commercially, competitive products in a timely manner in response to changes in technology, our business and revenues will be adversely affected. In addition, competitors or customers may develop new technologies, which address similar or improved solutions to our existing technology. Additionally, the development and commercialization of new products and services requires substantial capital expenditures and we may not have access to needed capital at attractive rates or at all due to our financial condition, disruptions of the bank or capital markets, or other reasons beyond our control to continue these activities. Should our technologies, particularly in offshore products or in our completion services business, become the less attractive solution, our operations and profitability would be negatively impacted.

We may be subject to litigation if another party claims that we have infringed upon its intellectual property rights.

The tools, techniques, methodologies, programs, and components we use to provide our products and services may infringe, or be alleged to infringe, upon the intellectual property rights of others. Infringement claims generally result in significant legal and other costs, and may distract management from running our core business. Royalty payments under a license from third parties, if available, would increase our costs. If a license were not available, we might not be able to continue providing a particular service or product. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

During periods of strong demand, we may be unable to obtain critical project materials on a timely basis.

Our operations depend on our ability to procure, on a timely basis, certain project materials, such as forgings, to complete projects in an efficient manner. Our inability to procure critical materials, in particular during times of strong demand, or an increase in the cost of such materials, could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

Our oilfield operations involve a variety of operating hazards and risks that could cause losses. 

Our operations are subject to the hazards inherent in the oilfield business. These include, but are not limited to, equipment defects, blowouts, explosions, spills, fires, collisions, capsizing, and severe weather conditions. These hazards could result in personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to, or destruction of, property and equipment, pollution or environmental damage, and suspension of operations. We may incur substantial liabilities or losses as a result of these hazards as part of our ongoing business operations. We may agree to indemnify our customers against specific risks and liabilities. While we maintain insurance protection against some of these risks, and seek to obtain indemnity agreements from our customers requiring the customers to hold us harmless from some of these risks, our insurance and contractual indemnity protection may not be sufficient or effective enough to protect us under all circumstances or against all risks. The occurrence of a significant event not fully insured or indemnified against or the failure of a customer to meet its indemnification obligations to us could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations may suffer due to increased industry-wide capacity of certain types of equipment or assets.

The demand for and pricing of certain types of our assets and equipment, particularly our drilling rigs and completion services assets, is subject to the overall availability of such assets in the marketplace. If demand for our assets were to decrease, or to the extent that we and our competitors increase our capacity in excess of current demand, we may encounter decreased pricing for, or utilization of, our assets and services, which could adversely impact our operations and profits.

We might be unable to protect our intellectual property rights.

We rely on a variety of intellectual property rights that we use in our offshore products and completion services businesses, particularly our patents relating to our FlexJoint^® and Merlin™ technology and intervention and downhole extended-reach tools (including our HydroPull^® tool) utilized in the completion or workover of oil and natural gas wells. The market success of our technologies will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain and enforce our proprietary rights in these technologies, to preserve rights in our trade secret and non-public information, and to operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We may not be able to successfully preserve these intellectual property rights in the future and these rights could be invalidated, circumvented or challenged. If any of our patents or other intellectual property rights are determined to be invalid or unenforceable, or if a court limits the scope of claims in a patent or fails to recognize our trade secret rights, our competitive advantages could be significantly reduced in the relevant technology, allowing competition for our customer base to increase. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries in which our products and services may be sold do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The failure of our company to protect our proprietary information and any successful intellectual property challenges or infringement proceedings against us could adversely affect our competitive position.

Loss of key members of our management could adversely affect our business.

We depend on the continued employment and performance of key members of our management. If any of our key managers resign or become unable to continue in their present roles and are not adequately replaced, our business operations could be materially adversely affected. We do not maintain "key man" life insurance for any of our officers.

Employee and customer labor problems could adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2015, we are party to collective bargaining agreements covering 20 employees in Argentina and 7 employees in the United Kingdom. We have not experienced strikes, work stoppages or other slowdowns in the past, but we cannot guarantee that we will not experience such events in the future. A prolonged strike, work stoppage or other slowdown by our employees or by the employees of our customers could cause us to experience a disruption of our operations, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could discourage a takeover attempt, which may reduce or eliminate the likelihood of a change of control transaction and, therefore, the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares for a premium.

Provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide limitations on the removal of directors, on stockholder proposals at meetings of stockholders, on stockholder action by written consent and on the ability of stockholders to call special meetings, which could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire control of our company. Our certificate of incorporation also authorizes our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval. If our Board of Directors elects to issue preferred stock, it could increase the difficulty for a third-party to acquire us, which may reduce or eliminate our stockholders' ability to sell their shares of our common stock at a premium. 

The Spin-Off of Civeo may subject us to future liabilities.

Pursuant to agreements we entered into with Civeo in connection with the Spin-Off, we and Civeo are each generally responsible for the obligations and liabilities related to our respective businesses. Pursuant to those agreements, we and Civeo each agreed to cross-indemnities principally designed to allocate financial responsibility for the obligations and liabilities of our business to us and those of Civeo’s business to it. However, third parties, including governmental agencies, could seek to hold us responsible for obligations and liabilities that Civeo agreed to retain or assume, and there can be no assurance that the indemnification from Civeo will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such obligations and liabilities, or that Civeo will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. Additionally, if a court were to determine that the Spin-Off or related transactions, including the payment of the dividend we received from Civeo, were consummated with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud current or future creditors or resulted in Civeo receiving less than reasonably equivalent value when it was insolvent, or that it was rendered insolvent, inadequately capitalized or unable to pay its debts as they become due, then it is possible that the court could disregard the allocation of obligations and liabilities agreed to between us and Civeo and impose substantial obligations and liabilities on us, void some or all of the Spin-Off transactions or require us to repay some or all of the dividend we received in connection with the Spin-Off. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our financial condition and our results of operations.

If the Spin-Off, or certain internal transactions undertaken in anticipation of the Spin-Off, were determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then we and our stockholders could be subject to significant tax liability.

In connection with the Spin-Off, we received a private letter ruling from the IRS regarding certain aspects of the Spin-Off. The private letter ruling, and an opinion we received from our tax advisor, each rely on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from us and Civeo regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations, or undertakings are, or become, incorrect or not otherwise satisfied, we may not be able to rely on the private letter ruling or the opinion of our tax advisor and could be subject to significant tax liabilities. In addition, an opinion of counsel is not binding upon the IRS, so, notwithstanding the opinion of our tax advisor, the IRS could conclude upon audit that the Spin-Off is taxable in full or in part if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion, or for other reasons, including as a result of certain significant changes in our or Civeo’s stock ownership. If the Spin-Off is determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any reason, we and/or our stockholders could incur significant income tax liabilities.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

The following table presents information about our principal properties and facilities. For a discussion about how each of our business segments utilizes its respective properties, please see “Part I, Item 1. Business.” Except as indicated below, we own all of these properties or facilities.

We have a total of 43 completion services locations throughout the United States and in Canada, Mexico and Argentina. Most of these office locations are leased and provide sales, technical support and personnel services to our customers. We also have various offices supporting our business segments which are both owned and leased. We believe that our leases are at competitive or market rates and do not anticipate any difficulty in leasing additional suitable space upon expiration of our current lease terms.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are a party to various pending or threatened claims, lawsuits and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies concerning our commercial operations, products, employees and other matters, including occasional claims by individuals alleging exposure to hazardous materials as a result of our products or operations. Some of these claims relate to matters occurring prior to our acquisition of businesses, and some relate to businesses we have sold. In certain cases, we are entitled to indemnification from the sellers of businesses, and in other cases, we have indemnified the buyers of businesses from us. Although we can give no assurance about the outcome of pending legal and administrative proceedings and the effect such outcomes may have on us, we believe that any ultimate liability resulting from the outcome of such proceedings, to the extent not otherwise provided for or covered by indemnity or insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity  Securities

Common Stock Information

Our authorized common stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock. There were 51,449,961 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 18, 2016. The approximate number of record holders of our common stock as of February 18, 2016 was 21. Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol OIS. The closing price of our common stock on February 18, 2016 was $25.09 per share.

The following table sets forth the range of high and low quarterly sales prices of our common stock:

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock since our initial public offering in 2001 and our existing credit facility limits the payment of dividends. For additional discussion of such restrictions, please see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.” Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors considers relevant.

PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following performance graph and chart compare the cumulative 5-year total stockholder return on the Company's common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index, the Philadelphia OSX Index, an index of oil and gas related companies that represent an industry composite of the Company's peer group, and two customized peer groups of thirteen companies and sixteen companies, respectively, whose individual companies are listed in footnotes (1) and (2) below for the period from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2015. The graph and chart show the value at the dates indicated of $100 invested at December 31, 2010 and assume the reinvestment of all dividends.

Oil States International – NYSE

*$100 invested on December 31, 2010 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31st.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The selected financial data on the following pages include selected historical financial information of our company as of and for each of the five years ended December 31, 2015. The following data should be read in conjunction with “Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In May 2014, we completed the spin-off of our accommodations segment and, in September 2013, we sold our tubular services segment. Accordingly, all periods presented below have been reclassified to reflect the presentation of our accommodations and tubular services as discontinued operations.

Selected Financial Data

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

We believe that net income attributable to continuing operations is the financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that is most directly comparable to EBITDA as defined. The following table reconciles EBITDA as defined with our net income attributable to continuing operations, as derived from our financial information (in thousands):

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about our business operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including the known material factors set forth in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.” You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Due to the spin-off on May 30, 2014 of our accommodations business into a stand-alone, publicly traded corporation (Civeo Corporation, or Civeo) through a tax-free distribution of the accommodations business to the Company’s shareholders (the Spin-Off), and the sale of our tubular services business on September 6, 2013, both of which are reported as discontinued operations, our management believes that income from continuing operations is more representative of the Company’s current business environment and focus. The terms “earnings” and “loss” as used in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” refer to income (loss) from continuing operations.

Macroeconomic Environment

With the completion of the Spin-Off, we are now a technology-focused, pure-play energy services company. We provide a broad range of products and services to the oil and gas industry through our offshore products and well site services business segments. Demand for our products and services is cyclical and substantially dependent upon activity levels in the oil and gas industry, particularly our customers’ willingness to invest capital in the exploration for and development of oil and natural gas. Our customers’ capital spending programs are generally based on their cash flows and their outlook for near-term and long-term commodity prices, economic growth, commodity demand and estimates of resource production. As a result, demand for our products and services is largely sensitive to expected commodity prices, principally related to crude oil and natural gas.

In the past few years, crude oil prices have been volatile due to global economic uncertainties as well as inadequate regional well site transportation infrastructure. Although this price volatility moderated in 2013 and for the first several months of 2014, significant downward crude oil price volatility began early in the fourth quarter of 2014 and has continued into 2016. Prices dropped precipitously in the fourth quarter of 2014 and into 2015, with a partial recovery during the second quarter of 2015 only to be offset by a decline in prices again in the second half of 2015 which continued into the first quarter of 2016. The material decrease in crude oil prices over this period can primarily be attributed to high levels of global crude oil inventories due to significant production growth in the U.S. shale plays, strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies (OPEC) increasing its production. OPEC has demonstrated an unwillingness to cut its production as it has done in previous years, in an effort to protect market share. These production increases have been offset somewhat by moderate increases in global oil demand. The combination of these factors caused a global supply and demand imbalance for oil and natural gas which, along with concerns regarding the growth outlook in China and the anticipation of potential supply increases related to the lifting of sanctions against Iran, resulted in materially lower crude oil prices in 2015 and to date in 2016. The average price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil decreased from an average price of $73 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2014 to an average of $49 per barrel in 2015. These data points compare to an average price of $93 per barrel in 2014. The average price of Intercontinental Exchange Brent (Brent) crude decreased from an average price of $76 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2014 to an average of $52 per barrel in 2015. These data points compare to an average price of $99 per barrel in 2014. As of February 18, 2016, WTI crude traded at approximately $31 per barrel while Brent crude traded at approximately $34 per barrel. The magnitude of the supply/demand imbalance has created a market concern that crude oil prices could decline further or remain at their currently low level for the foreseeable future, with the current twelve-month forward strip price for WTI and Brent crude each averaging $37 per barrel. The current and expected price for WTI crude will continue to influence our customers’ spending in U.S. shale play developments, such as the Permian, Bakken, Niobrara, and Eagle Ford basins. Spending in these regions will influence the overall drilling and completion activity in the area and, therefore, the activity of our well site services segment. The price for Brent crude will influence our customers’ spending related to global offshore drilling and development and, thus, the activity of our offshore products segment.

Given the historical volatility of crude prices, there remains a high degree of risk that prices could deteriorate further due to high levels of domestic and OPEC crude oil production, slowing growth rates in various global regions and/or the potential for ongoing supply/demand imbalances. Conversely, if the global supply of oil were to decrease due to reduced capital investment by our customers or government instability in a major oil-producing nation and energy demand were to continue to increase in the U.S. and countries such as China and India, a recovery in WTI and Brent crude prices could occur. In any event, crude oil price improvements will depend upon a rebalancing of global supply and demand, the timing of which is difficult to predict. If commodity prices do not improve or decline further, demand for our products and services could further decline.

Prices for natural gas in the U.S. averaged $2.62 per mmBtu in 2015 compared to $4.37 per mmBtu in 2014. Natural gas prices declined during 2015 largely due to increased natural gas inventories. Natural gas prices traded at approximately $1.85 per mmBtu as of February 18, 2016. Strong production and a milder winter this year compared to last year resulted in significant increases in natural gas inventories in the U.S. during 2015, from 2% below the 5-year average as of the end of 2014 to 14% above the 5-year average as of the end of 2015. Customer spending in the natural gas shale plays has been limited due to associated gas being produced from unconventional oil wells in North America, specifically onshore shale production resulting from the broad application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques which continued during 2015, albeit at a much slower pace, and the commissioning of a number of new, large, LNG export facilities around the world. As a result of natural gas production growth outpacing demand growth in the U.S., natural gas prices continue to be weak and are expected to remain below levels considered economical for new investments in numerous natural gas fields, with the current twelve-month forward strip price for natural gas averaging $2.30 per mmBtu. If natural gas production growth continues to surpass demand growth in the U.S. and/or the supply of natural gas were to increase, whether the supply comes from conventional or unconventional production or associated natural gas production from oil wells, prices for natural gas could remain depressed for an extended period and result in fewer rigs drilling for natural gas.

Recent WTI crude, Brent crude and natural gas pricing trends are as follows:

Overview

Demand for the products and services of our offshore products segment is tied primarily to the long-term outlook for commodity prices. Demand for our well site services segment responds to shorter-term movements in oil and natural gas prices and, specifically, changes in North American drilling and completion activity given the spot contract nature of our operations coupled with shorter cycles between drilling a well and bringing it on production. Other factors that can affect our business and financial results include the general global economic environment and regulatory changes in the U.S. and international markets.

Our offshore products segment provides highly engineered products and services for offshore oil and natural gas production systems and facilities, as well as certain products and services to the offshore drilling market. Sales of our offshore products and services depend primarily upon capital spending for offshore production systems and subsea pipelines, repairs and, to a lesser extent, upgrades of existing offshore drilling rigs and construction of new offshore drilling rigs and vessels. In this segment, we are particularly influenced by global deepwater drilling and production spending, which are driven largely by our customers’ longer-term outlook for crude oil and natural gas prices. Deepwater oil and gas development projects typically involve significant capital investments and multi-year development plans. Such projects are generally undertaken by larger exploration, field development and production companies using relatively conservative crude oil and natural gas pricing assumptions. We believe some of these deepwater projects are, therefore, less susceptible to short-term fluctuations in the price of crude oil and natural gas given longer lead times associated with field development. However, the continued declines in crude oil prices that have persisted since late 2014 and the uncertain outlook around longer-term pricing improvements have caused exploration and production companies to reevaluate their future capital expenditures in regards to these deepwater projects given that, certain of these deep water projects, may become uneconomical relative to the risk involved. In addition, shorter-cycle product sales (such as elastomer products) and services for this segment have declined in 2015.    

In our well site services business segment, we predominantly provide completion services and, to a lesser extent, land drilling services. Our completion services business provides equipment and service personnel utilized in the completion and initial production of new and recompleted wells. Activity for the completion services business is dependent primarily upon the level and complexity of drilling, completion and workover activity throughout North America. Well complexity has increased with the continuing transition to multi-well pads and the drilling of longer laterals along with the increased number of frac stages completed in horizontal wells. Demand for our drilling services is driven by land drilling activity in our primary drilling markets of the Permian Basin in West Texas, where we primarily drill oil wells, and the Rocky Mountain area in the U.S., where we drill both liquids-rich and natural gas wells.

Demand for our land drilling and completion services businesses is correlated to changes in the drilling rig count in North America, as well as changes in the total number of wells expected to be drilled, total footage expected to be drilled and the number of drilled wells that are completed. The table below sets forth a summary of North American rig activity, as measured by Baker Hughes Incorporated, for the periods indicated.

The average North American rig count for the year ended December 31, 2015 decreased precipitously by 1,072 rigs, or 48.0%, compared to the average for the year ended December 31, 2014 in response to much lower crude oil prices from the levels experienced in 2014. The North American rig count as of February 12, 2016 was 763 rigs, down 60% from the peak level of 1,930 rigs in the fourth quarter of 2014.        

The reduced demand for our products and services coupled with a reduction in the prices we charge our customers, particularly customers of our well site services business segment, have adversely affected our results of operations, cash flows and financial position as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. If the current pricing environment for oil and natural gas continues, our customers could be required to further reduce their capital expenditures, causing further declines in the demand for, and prices of, our products and services, which would adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position in 2016. Our customers have experienced a significant decline in their revenues and cash flows due to the commodity price declines experienced with some suffering a significant reduction in liquidity and access to the capital and debt markets. There have already been several exploration and production companies who have declared bankruptcy and others who are forced to sell assets in an effort to preserve liquidity. A continuation of these adverse conditions could affect certain of our customers’ ability to pay or otherwise perform on their obligations to us. Declines in the demand for, and prices of, our products and services or the inability or failure of our customers to meet their obligations to us or their insolvency or liquidation may require us to incur asset impairment charges and/or write down the value of our goodwill and may otherwise adversely impact our results of operations and our cash flows and financial position.

We continue to monitor the global economy, the prices of and demand for crude oil and natural gas and the resultant impact on the capital spending plans and operations of our customers in order to plan our business. Our capital expenditures in 2015 totaled $115 million compared to 2014 capital expenditures of $199 million. Our 2015 capital expenditures included funding to upgrade and maintain our completion services and drilling services equipment, to expand and upgrade our offshore products facilities, and to fund various other capital spending initiatives. We currently expect to spend a total of approximately $50 million to $55 million for capital expenditures during 2016, including approximately $19 million of carry-over from 2015, to upgrade and maintain our offshore products and completion services equipment and to fund various other capital spending projects. Whether planned expenditures will actually be spent in 2016 depends on industry conditions, project approvals and schedules, vendor delivery timing, free cash flow generation and careful monitoring of our levels of liquidity. We plan to fund our capital expenditures with available cash, internally generated funds and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. In our well site services segment, we continue to monitor industry capacity additions and will make future capital expenditure decisions based on an evaluation of both the market outlook and industry fundamentals.

Recent Acquisitions

In addition to capital spending, we have invested in acquisitions of businesses complementary to our growth strategy. Our acquisition strategy has allowed us to leverage our existing and acquired products and services into new geographic locations and has expanded our technology and product offerings. We have made strategic acquisitions in each of our business segments in recent years.

On January 2, 2015, we acquired all of the equity of Montgomery Machine Company, Inc. (MMC). Headquartered in Houston, Texas, MMC combines machining and proprietary cladding technology and services to manufacture high-specification components for the offshore capital equipment industry on a global basis. We believe that the acquisition of MMC will strengthen our position in our offshore products segment as a supplier of subsea components with enhanced capabilities, proprietary technology and logistical advantages. Total transaction consideration was $33.4 million, net of cash acquired.

On December 2, 2013, we acquired all of the operating assets of QCS for total cash consideration of $42.3 million. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, QCS designs, manufactures and markets a portfolio of proprietary deep and shallow water pipeline connectors for subsea pipeline construction, repair and expansion projects. The operations of QCS have been included in our offshore products segment since the acquisition date.  

Consolidated Results of Operations (in millions)