ONCOSEC MEDICAL Inc - Quarter Report: 2020 October (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE

ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2020

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE

ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

COMMISSION FILE NO. 000-54318

ONCOSEC MEDICAL INCORPORATED

(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

(855) 662-6732

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, was 27,991,274 as of December 11, 2020.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Form 10-Q

for the Quarterly Period Ended October 31, 2020

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements:

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended October 31, 2020

Three Months Ended October 31, 2019

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

OncoSec Medical Incorporated

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

OncoSec Medical Incorporated (together with its subsidiary, unless the context indicates otherwise, being collectively referred to as the “Company”) began its operations as a biotechnology company in March 2011. The Company has not produced any revenues since its inception. The Company was incorporated in the State of Nevada on February 8, 2008 under the name of Netventory Solutions, Inc. and changed its name in March 2011 when it began operating as a biotechnology company.

The Company is a late-stage biotechnology company focused on designing, developing and commercializing innovative therapies and proprietary medical approaches to stimulate and to guide an anti-tumor immune response for the treatment of cancer. Its core technology platform, ImmunoPulse®, is a drug-device therapeutic modality comprised of proprietary intratumoral electroporation (“EP”) delivery devices (the “OncoSec Medical System (OMS) Electroporation device” or “OMS EP device”. The OMS EP device is designed to deliver plasmid DNA-encoded drugs directly into a solid tumor and promote an immunological response against cancer. The OMS EP device can be adapted to treat different tumor types, and consists of an electrical pulse generator, a reusable handle and disposable applicators. The Company’s lead product candidate is a DNA-encoded interleukin-12 (“IL-12”) called tavokinogene telseplasmid (“TAVO”). The OMS EP device is used to deliver TAVO intratumorally, with the aim of reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the treated tumor. The activation of the appropriate inflammatory response can drive a systemic anti-tumor response against untreated tumors in other parts of the body. In 2017, the Company received Fast Track designation and Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for TAVO in metastatic melanoma, which could qualify TAVO for expedited FDA review, a rolling Biologics License Application review and certain other benefits.

The Company’s current focus is to pursue our study of TAVO in combination with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) in melanoma, triple negative breast cancer (“TNBC”).

The Company’s KEYNOTE-695 study targets melanoma patients who are definitive anti-PD-1 non-responders. In May 2017, we entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck”) in connection with KEYNOTE-695 study. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, both companies will bear their own costs related to manufacturing and supply of their product, as well as be responsible for their own internal costs. The Company is the study sponsor and is responsible for external costs. The KEYNOTE-695 study is fully enrolled and currently treating patients. This study is a registration-directed, Phase 2b open-label, single-arm, multicenter study in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe.

In May 2018, the Company entered into a second clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck with respect to a Phase 2 study of TAVO in combination with KEYTRUDA® to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination in patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC, who have previously failed at least one systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy. This study is referred to as KEYNOTE-890, Cohort 1. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, both companies will bear their own costs related to manufacturing and supply of their product, as well as be responsible for their own internal costs. The Company is the study sponsor and is responsible for external costs. The KEYNOTE-890 study, Cohort 1 final patient treatment was completed in December 2020. The Company completed enrollment in fourth quarter 2019 and provided interim preliminary data from this study at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (“SABCS”) in December 2019 and December 2020. The study is a Phase 2 open-label, single-arm, multicenter study in the United States and Australia.

In June 2020, the Company amended its second clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck to include another Phase 2 study of TAVO in combination with KEYTRUDA® plus chemotherapy to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination in patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic triple negative breast cancer. This study is referred to as KEYNOTE-890, Cohort 2. Pursuant to the terms of the amended agreement, both companies will bear their own costs related to manufacturing and supply of their product, as well as be responsible for their own internal costs. The Company is the study sponsor and is responsible for external costs. The KEYNOTE-890, Cohort 2 study is currently expected to begin enrolling patients in calendar year 2021 during the first quarter. The Company expects to complete enrollment in within fifteen months and provided interim preliminary data from this study at a future medical conference. The study is a Phase 2 open-label, single-arm, multicenter study in the United States and Australia.

In August 2020, the Company commenced an investigator-initiated Phase 2 study conducted by the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and the University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine to evaluate TAVO™ as neoadjuvant treatment (administered before surgery) in combination with intravenous OPDIVO®(nivolumab) in up to 33 patients with operable locally/regionally advanced melanoma. This investigator-initiated Phase 2 study has been designed to evaluate whether the addition of TAVO can increase the published anti-tumor response observed with monotherapy OPDIVO®, an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with locally/regionally advanced melanoma prior to surgical resection of tumors. This study is currently enrolling and expected to complete enrollment within eighteen months.

On November 24, 2020 the Company announced that it gained exclusive rights to the Cliniporator® electroporation gene electrotransfer platform from IGEA Clinical Biophysics (“IGEA”). The license encompasses a broad field of use for gene delivery in oncology, including use as part of the Company’s visceral lesion applicator (VLA) program, used for electrochemotherapy in and outside of Europe in over 200 major oncological centers to treat cutaneous metastatic cancer nodules, including melanoma.

In April 2020, the Company announced that Providence Cancer Institute, a part of Providence St. Joseph Health (“Providence”), is pursuing a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial of OncoSec’s novel DNA-encodable, investigational vaccine, CORVax12, which is designed to act as a prophylactic vaccine to prevent COVID-19. CORVax12 consists of the Company’s existing product candidate, TAVO™ (interleukin-12 or “IL-12” plasmid), in combination with an immunogenic component of the SARS-CoV-2 virus recently developed by researchers at NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID”) and licensed to the Company on a non-exclusive basis. Providence investigators filed an Investigator-Initiated Investigational New Drug (“IND”) Application with the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and have designed a clinical trial protocol that will evaluate the vaccination of healthy adult volunteers utilizing CORVax12 and the Cliniporator^®. The Company announced that the IND was accepted by the FDA on October 29, 2020 and the first patient is expected to be dosed in December of 2020 at Providence. The trial will also include extensive immune monitoring.

The Company will supply TAVO and the Cliniporator^® to Providence as part of this effort and does not anticipate any additional capital commitment at this time. Additionally, the Company will contribute manufacturing, preclinical, and prior clinical information and data for TAVO, along with manufacturing data with respect to the generator, to support FDA’s allowance of the Providence IND. Providence will hold the IND, if cleared by the FDA, and perform the preclinical and clinical development work.

In May 2019, the Company commenced an investigator-initiated Phase 1 clinical trial conducted by the University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (“OMS-131”). This study targets patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma Head & Neck Cancer (“SCCHN”) and is a single-arm open-label clinical trial in which 35 evaluable patients will receive TAVO, KEYTRUDA® and epacadostat. OMS-131 is currently enrolling and treating patients and is expected to complete enrollment within eighteen months.

The Company intends to continue to pursue other ongoing or potential new trials and studies related to TAVO, in various tumor types. In addition, the Company is also developing our next-generation EP device and applicator, including advancements toward prototypes, pursuing discovery research to identify other product candidates that, in addition to IL-12, can be encoded into propriety plasmid-DNA and delivered intratumorally using EP. Specifically, we are developing a new, propriety technology to potentially treat liver, lung, bladder, pancreatic and other difficult to treat visceral lesions through the direct delivery of plasmid-based IL-12 with a new Visceral Lesions Applicator (“VLA”).

The VLA has been designed to work with low voltage EP generators, including but not limited to the Company’s proprietary APOLLO^TM EP generator and Cliniporator^® to leverage plasmid-optimized EP and enhance the depth of transfection of immunologically relevant genes into cells located in visceral organs. In early 2020, the Company had two poster presentations, one at the Society for Interventional Oncology (“SIO”) and one at the Society for Interventional Radiology (“SIR”), where it presented preclinical data on both the VLA and APOLLO generator. The poster at SIO was awarded “Best Technology Scientific Abstract”. Additionally, the Company has successfully completed several large animal studies and aim to bring the VLA into the clinic in 2021. By using the Company’s next-generation technology with the VLA (and in cutaneous/subcutaneous settings as well), the Company’s goal is to reverse the immunosuppressive mechanisms of a tumor, as well as to expand the Company’s pipeline. The Company believes that the flexibility of the Company’s propriety plasmid-DNA technology allows the Company to deliver other immunologically relevant molecules into the tumor microenvironment in addition to the delivery of plasmid-DNA encoding for IL-12. In June 2020, the Company had two poster presentations at the 2020 America Association for Cancer Research (“AACR”) where the Company presented pre-clinical data regarding its new anti-tumor product candidate, which will amplify the power of intratumoral IL-12 through the addition of both CXCL9, a critical T cell chemokine, and anti-CD3, a membrane bound pan T cell stimulator. These other immunologically relevant molecules may complement IL-12’s activity by limiting or enhancing key pathways associated with tumor immune subversion.

The Company has established a collaboration with Emerge Health Pty (“Emerge”), the leading Australian company providing full registration, reimbursement, sales, marketing and distribution services of therapeutic products in Australia and New Zealand, to commercialize TAVO and made it available under Australia’s Special Access Scheme (“SAS”) early in calendar year 2020. As a specialized Australian pharmaceutical company focused on the marketing and sales of high-quality medicines to the hospital sector, Emerge has previously made numerous other products successfully available under Australia’s SAS.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2020, the condensed consolidated statements of operations, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, are unaudited, but include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended October 31, 2020 shown herein are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results that may be expected for the year ending July 31, 2021, or for any other period. These condensed consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on October 28, 2020, as well as the financial information contained in the Company’s Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on November 30, 2020. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at July 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, OncoSec Medical Australia PTY LTD. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include stock-based compensation, the accrual of research, product development and clinical obligations, impairment of long-lived assets, determining the Incremental Borrowing Rate (“IBR”) for calculating Right-Of-Use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities and accounting for income taxes, including the related valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset and uncertain tax positions. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, the Company reviews its estimates to ensure that they appropriately reflect changes in the business or as new information becomes available. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in a single industry segment—the discovery and development of novel immunotherapeutic product candidates to improve treatment options for patients and physicians, intended to treat a wide range of oncology indications.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash and have an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Concentrations and Credit Risk

The Company maintains cash balances at a small number of financial institutions and such balances commonly exceed the $250,000 amount insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company does not have significant credit risk with respect to such cash and cash equivalents.

Property and Equipment

The Company’s capitalization threshold is $5,000 for property and equipment. The cost of property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives of property and equipment for the purpose of computing depreciation are as follows:

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically assesses the carrying value of intangible and other long-lived assets, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. The assets are considered to be impaired if the Company determines that the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon its assessment, which includes consideration of the following events or changes in circumstances:

If the assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is determined by the application of discounted cash flow models to project cash flows from the assets. In addition, the Company bases estimates of the useful lives and related amortization or depreciation expense on its subjective estimate of the period the assets will generate revenue or otherwise be used by it. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs. The Company also periodically reviews the lives assigned to long-lived assets to ensure that the initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which the Company expects to realize cash flows from its assets.

Accruals for Research and Development Expenses and Clinical Trials

The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, clinical research organizations and consultants and under clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts vary from contract to contract and may result in payment terms that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Company accounts for these expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services are performed and efforts are expended. The Company determines accrual estimates through financial models and takes into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress of clinical trials, or the services completed. The Company makes estimates of its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to it at that time. The Company’s clinical trial accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors. During the course of a clinical trial, the Company adjusts its clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses and notes payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. It is management’s opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest, currency, or credit risks arising from its other financial instruments and that their fair values approximate their carrying values except where expressly disclosed.

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on the Company’s principal or, in the absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability.

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value.

The three tiers are defined as follows:

The development and determination of the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements and fair value calculations are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

Changes in fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are analyzed each period based on changes in estimates or assumptions and recorded as appropriate.

The Company had no assets or liabilities that required remeasurement on a recurring basis as of October 31, 2020 and July 31, 2020.

Warrants

The Company assesses its warrants as either equity or a liability based upon the characteristics and provisions of each instrument. Warrants classified as equity are recorded at fair value as of the date of issuance on the Company’s balance sheet and no further adjustments to their valuation are made. Warrants classified as derivative liabilities and other derivative financial instruments that require separate accounting as liabilities are recorded on the Company’s balance sheet at their fair value on the date of issuance and are re-measured on each subsequent balance sheet date until such instruments are exercised or expire, with any changes in the fair value between reporting periods recorded as other income or expense. Management estimates the fair value of these liabilities using option pricing models and assumptions that are based on the individual characteristics of the warrants or other instruments on the valuation date, as well as assumptions for future financings, expected volatility, expected life, yield and risk-free interest rate. As of October 31, 2020, and July 31, 2020, all outstanding warrants issued by the Company were classified as equity.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes basic net loss per common share by dividing the applicable net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the applicable net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus additional shares to account for the dilutive effect of potential future issuances of common stock relating to stock options and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.

The Company did not include shares underlying stock options, restricted stock units and warrants issued and outstanding during any of the periods presented in the computation of net loss per share, as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from diluted net loss per share because of their anti-dilutive effect:

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants equity-based awards (typically stock options or restricted stock units) under its stock-based compensation plan and outside of its stock-based compensation plan, with terms generally similar to the terms under the Company’s stock-based compensation plan. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. For employees, directors and consultants, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock unit awards based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Employees may elect to participate in the Company’s stockholder-approved employee stock purchase plan. The stock purchase plan allows for the purchase of the Company’s common stock at not less than 85% of the lesser of (i) the fair market value of a share of common stock on the beginning date of the offering period or (ii) the fair market value of a share of common stock on the purchase date of the offering period, subject to a share and dollar limit as defined in the plan and subject to the applicable legal requirements. There are two six-month offering periods during each fiscal year, ending on January 31 and July 31.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the fair value of awards under the stock purchase plan is calculated at the beginning of each offering period. The Company estimates the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and the offering period. This fair value is then amortized at the beginning of the offering period. Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards expected to be purchased at the beginning of the offering period, and therefore is reduced when participants withdraw during the offering period.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in ROU assets, current operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate applicable to the lease asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before lease commencement and exclude any lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s leases do not contain any residual value guarantees. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all its leases.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company uses the U.S. Dollar as the reporting currency for its financial statements. Functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity operates. The functional currency of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary is the Australian dollar.

Assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiary are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end foreign exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing throughout the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” a separate component of stockholders’ equity, and in the “Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents,” on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Transaction gains and losses including intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in “Foreign currency exchange gain (loss), net” on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Company’s subsidiary in Australia and is excluded from the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Australia Research and Development Tax Credit

The Company’s wholly-owned Australian subsidiary incurs research and development expenses, primarily in the course of conducting clinical trials. The Company’s Australian research and development activities qualify for the Australian government’s tax credit program, which provides a 41% credit for qualifying research and development expenses. The tax credit does not depend on the Company’s generation of future taxable income or ongoing tax status or position. Accordingly, the credit is not considered an element of income tax accounting under ASC 740 “Income Taxes” and is recorded against qualifying research and development expenses.

Tax Reform

On March 27, 2020, the president signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) providing nearly $2 trillion in economic relief to eligible businesses impacted by the coronavirus outbreak. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer social security payments, net operating loss (“NOL”) utilization and carryback periods, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. In addition to the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan received in April 2020 (See Note 5), the Company continues to review, and intends to seek, any other available potential benefits under the CARES Act as well as any future legislation signed into law during 2020. Other than the proceeds from the SBA loan, the effects of the CARES Act did not have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements during the three months ended October 31, 2020.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)-Accounting For Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for it. The ASU also simplifies the diluted net income per share calculation in certain areas. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 3— Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The Company has sustained losses in all reporting periods since inception, with an inception-to date-loss of $220 million as of October 31, 2020. These losses are expected to continue for an extended period of time. Further, the Company has never generated any cash from its operations and does not expect to generate such cash in the near term. The aforementioned factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the issuance date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

As of October 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $24.0 million. Since inception, cash flows from financing activities has been the primary source of the Company’s liquidity. The Company currently estimates its monthly working capital requirements to be approximately $2.4 million, although the Company may modify or deviate from this estimate and it is likely that the Company’s actual operating expenses and working capital requirements will vary from its estimate. Based on these expectations regarding future expenses, rate of consumption, as well as its current cash levels, the Company believes its cash resources are insufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated needs for the 12 months following the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company recognizes it will need to raise additional capital to continue operating its business and fund its planned operations, including research and development, clinical trials and, if regulatory approval is obtained, commercialization of its product candidates. In addition, the Company will require additional financing if it desires to in-license or acquire new assets, research and develop new compounds or new technologies and pursue related patent protection, or obtain any other intellectual property rights or other assets. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available to the Company when needed, that management will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to the Company, or whether the Company will become profitable and generate positive operating cash flow. The source, timing and availability of any future financing will depend principally upon market conditions, and, more specifically, on the progress of our clinical development programs. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also caused volatility in the global financial markets and threatened a slowdown in the global economy, which may negatively affect our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or at all. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds when needed, on favorable terms or at all, the Company will not be able to continue the development of its product candidates as currently planned or at all, will need to reevaluate its planned operations and may need to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its development programs, reduce expenses or cease operations, any of which would have a significant negative impact on its prospects and financial condition.

Note 4—Balance Sheet Details

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net, is comprised of the following:

Depreciation and amortization expense recorded for the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are comprised of the following:

Accrued Compensation

Accrued compensation is comprised of the following:

Note 5—Notes Payable

On April 27, 2020, the Company was granted a loan (the “Loan”) from the Banc of California in the aggregate amount of $952,744, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the CARES Act, which was enacted March 27, 2020. The term of the loan is two years. If the Company does not apply for loan forgiveness, payments are deferred 10 months after the end of the covered period for the borrower’s loan forgiveness. The Company’s covered period began on April 30, 2020 and ended on October 15, 2020. Monthly payments will be due beginning August 15, 2021 if the Loan is not forgiven. Interest accrues at 1% per year, effective on the date of initial disbursement. The outstanding principal balance on the loan as of October 31, 2020 was $952,744.

Pursuant to the terms of the CARES Act and any implementing rules and regulations, the Company may apply for the Loan to be forgiven by the SBA in whole or in part beginning no sooner than seven weeks from the date of initial disbursement. The Company believes that it has used the proceeds from the Loan for purposes consistent with the PPP. While the Company currently believes that its use of the Loan proceeds will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the Loan, the Company cannot assure that it will be eligible for forgiveness of the Loan, in whole or in part. Any Loan balance remaining following potential forgiveness by the SBA will be fully re-amortized over the remaining term of the Loan. If the Loan is not forgiven the entire principal balance remaining unpaid, along with all accrued and unpaid interest, shall be due and payable on April 30, 2022.

On June 18, 2020, the Company entered into a finance agreement with AFCO Premium Credit LLC (“AFCO”). Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, AFCO loaned the Company the principal amount of $551,803, which would accrue interest at 3.381% per annum, to partially fund the payment of the premium of the Company’s director & officer insurance. The agreement requires the Company to make ten monthly payments of $56,039, including interest, starting on July 18, 2020. At October 31, 2020, the outstanding balance related to this finance agreement was $332,943.

Future minimum payments under note payable liabilities as of October 31, 2020 are as follows:

Note 6—Stockholders’ Equity

August 2020 Offering

On August 19, 2020, the Company completed the offer and sale of an aggregate of 4,608,589 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $3.25 per share in a registered direct offering. The gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $15.0 million, and the net proceeds, after deducting the placement agent’s fee and other offering fees and expenses paid by the Company, were approximately $13.5 million. In connection with the offering, the Company paid the placement agent and other financial advisors an aggregate cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering, as well as legal and other expenses equal to approximately $0.3 million.

Outstanding Warrants

At October 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase 3,114,288 shares of its common stock, with exercise prices ranging from $3.45 to $43.75, all of which were classified as equity instruments. These warrants expire at various dates between November 2020 and May 2024.

Note 7—Stock-Based Compensation

The OncoSec Medical Incorporated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and approved by the Company’s stockholders (the “2011 Plan”)), authorizes the Company’s Board of Directors to grant equity awards, including stock options and restricted stock units, to employees, directors and consultants. The 2011 Plan authorizes a total of 3,350,000 shares for issuance. Under the 2011 Plan, incentive stock options are to be granted at a price that is no less than 100% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. Stock options vest over a period specified in the individual option agreements entered into with grantees and are exercisable for a maximum period of 10 years after the date of grant. Stock options granted to stockholders who own more than 10% of the outstanding stock of the Company at the time of grant must be issued at an exercise price of no less than 110% of the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Modification of Stock Option Awards

During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the compensation committee approved the accelerated vesting of 791,019 and 91,666 previously granted time-vesting awards for employees and directors, respectively. The Company accounted for the effects of the stock option modifications described above under the guidance of ASC 718 as follows:

Stock Options

During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 726,576, 125,000 and 25,000 shares of its common stock to employees, directors and a consultant under the 2011 Plan, respectively. The stock options issued to employees have a 10-year term, vest over three years and have exercise prices ranging from $3.43 to $3.82. The stock options issued to directors have a 10-year term, vest over one year and have an exercise price of $3.43. The stock options issued to the consultant have a 10-year term, vest over one year and have an exercise price of $3.82.

During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 300,000 shares of its common stock to an employee outside the 2011 Plan. The stock options issued to the employee have a 10-year term, vest over one year and have an exercise price of $3.56.

During the three months ended October 31, 2019, the Company granted options to purchase 4,900 shares of its common stock to employees under the 2011 Plan. The stock options issued to employees have a 10-year term, vest over three years and have exercise prices ranging from $1.89 and $2.21.

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation based on the fair value of the stock-based awards granted and records forfeitures as they occur. As such, the Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost only for those stock-based awards that vest over their requisite service period, based on the vesting provisions of the individual grants. The service period is generally the vesting period, with the exception of stock options granted pursuant to a consulting agreement, in which case the stock option vesting period and the service period are defined pursuant to the terms of the consulting agreement.

The following assumptions were used for the Black-Scholes calculation of the fair value of stock-based compensation related to stock options granted during the periods presented:

The Company’s expected volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of its common stock. The Company uses the simplified method to calculate the expected term of options issued to employees, non-employees and directors. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes calculation is based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant, commensurate with the expected term. For the expected dividend yield used in the Black-Scholes calculation, the Company has never paid any dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

The following is a summary of the Company’s 2011 Plan and non-Plan stock option activity for the three months ended October 31, 2020:

As of October 31, 2020, the total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $3.2 million and $2.9 million, respectively. As of October 31, 2020, the Company has approximately $2.5 million in unrecognized stock-based compensation expense attributable to the outstanding options, which will be amortized over a period of approximately 2.17 years.

Stock-based compensation expense recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended October 31, 2020 resulting from stock options awarded to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants was approximately $1.9 million, which included approximately $1.3 million related to the accelerated vesting of time-vesting options. Of the total expense, $1.0 million was recorded to research and development and $0.9 million was recorded in general and administrative in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended October 31, 2020.

Stock-based compensation expense recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended October 31, 2019 resulting from stock options awarded to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants was approximately $0.5 million. Of this balance, $0.2 million was recorded to research and development and $0.3 million was recorded in general and administrative in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended October 31, 2019.

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019 was $2.58 and $1.34, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

For the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $27,000 in stock-based compensation related to RSUs, which is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of October 31, 2020, there were 25,873 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) outstanding. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, 6,541 RSU’s vested.

For the three months ended October 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.1 million in stock-based compensation related to RSUs, which is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Shares Issued to Consultants

During the three months ended October 31, 2020, 25,000 shares of common stock valued at approximately $0.1 million were issued to a consultant for services. The common stock share values were based on the date the shares were granted. The Company recorded compensation expense relating to the share issuances of approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended October 31, 2020.

During the three months ended October 31, 2019, 35,687 shares of common stock valued at approximately $0.2 million were issued to consultants for services. The common stock share values were based on the dates the shares were granted. The Company recorded compensation expense relating to the share issuances of approximately $0.2 million during three months ended October 31, 2019.

2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the Company’s 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), the Company is authorized to issue 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. At October 31, 2020, there were 33,409 shares remaining available for issuance under the ESPP.

The ESPP is considered a Type B plan under FASB ASC Topic 718 because the number of shares a participant is permitted to purchase is not fixed based on the stock price at the beginning of the offering period and the expected withholdings. The ESPP enables the participant to “buy-up” to the plan’s share limit, if the stock price is lower on the purchase date. As a result, the fair value of the awards granted under the ESPP is calculated at the beginning of each offering period as the sum of:

The fair market value of the six-month call and six-month put are based on the Black-Scholes option valuation model. For the six-month offering period ended January 31, 2021, the following assumptions were used: six-month maturity, 0.1% risk free interest, 122.84% volatility, 0% forfeitures and $0 dividends. For the six-month offering period ended January 31, 2020, the following assumptions were used: six-month maturity, 2.04% risk free interest, 90.64% volatility, 0% forfeitures and $0 dividends.

Approximately $4,100 and $2,700 was recorded as stock-based compensation during the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance

The following table summarizes all common stock reserved for future issuance at October 31, 2020:

Note 8—Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

In June 2019, Dana Farber Cancer Institute (“DFCI”) and OncoSec (each a “Party” and collectively the “Parties”) entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (the “SRA”). On May 11, 2020, the SRA was terminated by DFCI, after a dispute arose between the parties. The Parties resolved the dispute through mediation and reached an agreement in principle. OncoSec agreed to pay DFCI a total of $900,000 in full and complete satisfaction of any and all claims that DFCI may have for reimbursement of expenses under the SRA in two equal installments of $450,000, the first of which shall be due on December 7, 2020 and the second of which shall be due on or before March 31, 2021. As of October 31, 2020, the Company has accrued $0.9 million, under the agreement and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at October 31, 2020 in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is not a party to any other legal proceeding or aware of any other threatened action as of the date of this report.

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain executive officers and certain other key employees. Generally, the terms of these agreements provide that, if the Company terminates the officer or employee other than for cause, death or disability, or if the officer terminates his or her employment with the Company for good cause, the officer shall be entitled to receive certain severance compensation and benefits as described in each such agreement.

Note 9 – Leases

Lease Agreements

On August 25, 2020, the Company entered into a second amended lease agreement (“Second Amendment”) with MawIt Inc. to further extend the lease term at 24 N. Main Street, Pennington, New Jersey, which serves as the Company’s New Jersey corporate headquarters. Under the Second Amendment, effective January 1, 2021, the lease term is extended through and included December 31, 2021 and the base rent for 2021 is $12,416 per month. The lease term shall automatically renew for up to two additional one-year terms unless the Company gives the Landlord a notice of non-renewal at least six months prior to the end of the renewal term then in effect. During 2022, the base rent will be $12,665 per month and during 2023, the base rent will be $12,918 per month. The Company accounted for the Second Lease Amendment as a contract modification, and accordingly, recorded an additional ROU for approximately $388,000 and lease liabilities of approximately $388,000 for this operating lease.

The Company has operating leases for corporate offices and lab space. These leases have remaining lease terms of approximately one year to seven years, some of which include options to extend the lease. For any lease where the Company is reasonably certain that a renewal option will be exercised, the lease payments associated with the renewal option period are included in the ROU asset and lease liability as of October 31, 2020.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of October 31, 2020 was as follows:

Supplemental lease expense related to leases was as follows:

Other information related to leases where the Company is the lessee is as follows:

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows:

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of October 31, 2020 were as follows:

Note 10—401(k) Plan

Effective May 15, 2012, the Company adopted a defined contribution savings plan pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Code. The plan is for the benefit of all qualifying employees and permits voluntary contributions by employees of up to 100% of eligible compensation, subject to the maximum limits imposed by Internal Revenue Service. The terms of the plan allow for discretionary employer contributions and the Company currently matches 100% of its employees’ contributions, up to 3% of their annual compensation. The Company’s contributions are recorded as expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and totaled approximately $28,000 and $38,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 11—Related Party Transactions

Except as disclosed elsewhere herein, below are the Company’s related party transactions.

On February 12, 2020, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with the spouse of the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer. The term of the agreement is four months and can be extended by written agreement. The agreement provides for an hourly based fee structure for assisting the Company with matters related to oncology and device development related to the Company’s platform. In addition to an hourly based fee structure, the consultant will be eligible to receive stock option awards. On June 12, 2020, the Company amended the consulting agreement, extending the term of the existing agreement until December 12, 2020. In addition, the consultant was granted 30,000 non-qualified stock options valued at approximately $48,000 on the date of grant. The non-qualified stock options have a 10-year term, vest immediately and have an exercise price of $1.56. The consultant was paid consulting fees of approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended October 31, 2020. As of October 31, 2020, the Company accrued consulting fees of approximately $25,000 under the consulting agreement and this is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at October 31, 2020 in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Effective October 9, 2020, the Company hired the consultant as an employee.

On August 19, 2020, the Company completed the offer and sale of an aggregate of 4,608,589 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $3.25 per share in a registered direct offering (See Note 6). Grand Decade Developments Limited, a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of China Grand Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Holdings Limited, a company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (“CGP”), and its affiliate, Sirtex Medical US Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sirtex”) participated in the registered direct offering. Prior to the closing of the registered direct offering, CGP and Sirtex owned 43.38% and 8.68%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company. Upon closing of the registered direct offering, CGP and Sirtex maintained their respective ownership percentages of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company.

Note 12—Subsequent Events

Except as disclosed elsewhere herein, below are the Company’s subsequent events.

Subsequent to October 31, 2020, warrants to purchase 133,375 shares of common stock were exercised for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.5 million.

Subsequent to October 31, 2020, options to purchase 138,004 shares of common stock were exercised for aggregate proceeds of approximately $0.2 million.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references to “OncoSec,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” in this report refer to OncoSec Medical Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiary. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this report.

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. As a result, this discussion and analysis should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report, as well as the other disclosures in this report and in the other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended July 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on October 28, 2020, and as amended (the “Annual Report”). Pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, in preparing this discussion and analysis, we have presumed that readers have access to and have read the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations included in the Annual Report.

This discussion and analysis and the other disclosures in this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements relate to future events or circumstances or our future performance and are based on our current assumptions, expectations and beliefs about future developments and their potential effect on our business. All statements in this report that are not statements of historical fact could be forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this discussion and analysis include statements about, among other things, the status, progress and results of our clinical programs and our expectations regarding our liquidity and performance, including our expense levels, sources of capital and ability to maintain our operations as a going concern, and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of future performance, and they are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item IA of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and similar discussions contained in the other documents we file from time to time with the SEC. In light of these risks, uncertainties and other factors, the forward-looking events and circumstances described in this report may not occur and our results, levels of activity, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any forward-looking statements we make. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and unless required to by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement for any reason, including to reflect new information, future developments, actual results or changes in our expectations.

Overview

We are a late-stage biotechnology company focused on designing, developing and commercializing innovative therapies and proprietary medical approaches to stimulate and to guide an anti-tumor immune response for the treatment of cancer. Our core technology platform, ImmunoPulse®is a drug-device therapeutic modality platform comprised of proprietary intratumoral electroporation (“EP”) delivery, devices (the “OncoSec Medical System (OMS) Electroporation Device” or “OMS EP device”. The OMS EP device is designed to deliver plasmid DNA-encoded drugs directly into a solid tumor and promote an immunological response against cancer. The OMS EP device can be adapted to treat different tumor types, and consists of an electrical pulse generator, a reusable handle and disposable applicators. Our lead product candidate is a DNA-encoded interleukin-12 (“IL-12”) called tavokinogene telseplasmid (“TAVO”). The OMS EP device is used to deliver TAVO intratumorally, with the aim of reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the treated tumor. The activation of the appropriate inflammatory response can drive a systemic anti-tumor response against untreated tumors in other parts of the body. In 2017, we received Fast Track designation and Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for TAVO in metastatic melanoma, which could qualify TAVO for expedited FDA review, a rolling Biologics License Application review and certain other benefits.

We have completed monotherapy and combination programs and our current focus is to pursue clinical development programs with TAVO, in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors, in metastatic melanoma, triple negative breast cancer (“TNBC”) and squamous cell carcinoma head and neck (“SCCHN”). The Company intends to continue to pursue other ongoing or potential new trials and studies related to TAVO, in various tumor types. In addition to TAVO, we have identified and are developing new DNA-encoded therapeutic candidates and tumor indications for use with our new Visceral Lesion Applicator (“VLA”), to target deep visceral lesions, such as liver, lung, bladder, pancreatic and other difficult to treat visceral lesions.

Performance Outlook

We expect to use our available working capital in the near term primarily for the advancement of our existing and planned clinical programs, including performance of the KEYNOTE-695 and KEYNOTE-890 studies and, to a lesser extent, the continuation of our other clinical trials and studies. We anticipate our spending on clinical programs and the development of our next-generation OMS EP device will continue throughout our current fiscal year, primarily in support of the KEYNOTE-695 and KEYNOTE-890 studies, while our spending on research and development programs will be prioritized, based on our focus on the KEYNOTE-695 and KEYNOTE-890 studies. We expect our cash-based general and administrative expenses to remain relatively flat in the near term, as we seek to continue to leverage internal resources and automate processes to decrease our outside services expenses. See “Results of Operations” below for more information.

Our operational and financial performance have already been affected by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our clinical trials have experienced delays in patient enrollment, potentially due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 pandemic or concerns among patients about participating in clinical trials during a public health emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic is also affecting the operations of government entities, such as the FDA, as well as contract research organizations, third-party manufacturers, and other third-parties upon whom we rely. The extent of the impact on our operations cannot be ascertained at this time.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended October 31, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended October 31, 2019

The unaudited financial data for the three months ended October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 is presented in the following table and the results of these two periods are included in the discussion thereafter.

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue since our inception, and we do not anticipate generating meaningful revenue in the near term.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses increased by approximately $4.4 million, from $5.4 million during the three months ended October 31, 2019 to $9.8 million during the three months ended October 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to the following approximate increases: (i) $3.1 million in clinical trial-related costs to support our various clinical studies and costs for discovery research and product development (ii) $0.9 million increase in stock-based compensation expense primarily as a result of the accelerated vesting of time-vesting options and (iii) $0.3 million increase in payroll and related benefits expenses, primarily due to additional headcount and merit increases.

General and Administrative

Our general and administrative expenses decreased by approximately $1.2 million, from $4.4 million during the three months ended October 31, 2019, to $3.2 million during the three months ended October 31, 2020. This decrease was largely due to the following approximate decreases: (i) $0.8 million in general corporate and legal patent costs (ii) $0.5 million in consulting costs and (iii) $0.1 million in payroll and benefits related expenses primarily due to the resignation of the CFO in January 2020. These decreases were partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in stock-based compensation expense primarily as a result of the accelerated vesting of time-vesting options.

Other (Expense) Income, Net

Other (expense) income, net, decreased by approximately $83,000 from income of $82,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2019 to an expense of $1,000 for the three months ended October 31, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to reduced interest income as a result of lower cash balances as well as a lower return on our investments for these respective periods.

Foreign Currency Exchange Loss, Net

Foreign currency exchange loss, net, increased by approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended October 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended October 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to unrealized foreign currency transaction losses recognized in connection with the Australian subsidiary’s intercompany loan.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital

The following table and subsequent discussion summarize our working capital as of each of the periods presented:

Current Assets

Current assets as of October 31, 2020 increased by $3.9 million to $26.7 million, from $22.8 million as of July 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to the $13.5 million net proceeds received from the August 2020 registered direct offering. The proceeds from the offering were offset by cash used to support our operations during the three months ended October 31, 2020.

Current Liabilities

Current liabilities as of October 31, 2020 increased by $1.4 million to $11.1 million, from $9.7 million as of July 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses pertaining to our manufacturing and clinical research activities.

Cash Flow

Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended October 31, 2020 was $9.7 million, as compared to $8.1 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019. The $1.6 million increase in cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to an increase in cash used to support our operating activities, including but not limited to, our clinical trials, an increase in R&D activities, amounts for the Alpha Holdings, Inc. litigation and contested proxy incurred in the prior fiscal year and general working capital requirements.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $13.4 million for the three months ended October 31, 2020, as compared to $0.1 million cash used in financing activities for the three months ended October 31, 2019. Net proceeds during the three months ended October 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to the $13.5 million net proceeds received from the August 2020 registered direct offering (see “Sources of Capital” below).

Uses of Cash and Cash Requirements

Our primary uses of cash have been to finance clinical and research and development activities focused on the identification and discovery of new potential product candidates, the development of innovative and proprietary medical approaches for the treatment of cancer, and the design and advancement of pre-clinical and clinical trials and studies related to our pipeline of product candidates. We have also used our capital resources on general and administrative activities and building and strengthening our corporate infrastructure, programs and procedures to enable compliance with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations.

Our primary objectives for the next 12 months are to continue the advancement of our KEYNOTE-695 and KEYNOTE-890 studies and, to a lesser extent, our other ongoing clinical trials and studies, and to continue our research and development activities for our next-generation EP device and drug discovery efforts. In addition, we expect to pursue capital-raising transactions, which could include equity or debt financings, in the near term to fund our existing and planned operations and acquire and develop additional assets and technology consistent with our business objectives as opportunities arise.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans

The Company has sustained losses in all reporting periods since inception, with an inception-to date-loss of $220 million as of October 31, 2020. These losses are expected to continue for an extended period of time. Further, the Company has never generated any cash from its operations and does not expect to generate such cash in the near term. The aforementioned factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the issuance date of the condensed consolidated financial statements elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

As of October 31, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $24.0 million. Since inception, cash flows from financing activities has been the primary source of the Company’s liquidity. The Company currently estimates its monthly working capital requirements to be approximately $2.4 million, although the Company may modify or deviate from this estimate and it is likely that the Company’s actual operating expenses and working capital requirements will vary from its estimate. Based on these expectations regarding future expenses, rate of consumption, as well as its current cash levels, the Company believes its cash resources are insufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated needs for the 12 months following the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company recognizes it will need to raise additional capital to continue operating its business and fund its planned operations, including research and development, clinical trials and, if regulatory approval is obtained, commercialization of its product candidates. In addition, the Company will require additional financing if it desires to in-license or acquire new assets, research and develop new compounds or new technologies and pursue related patent protection, or obtain any other intellectual property rights or other assets. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed or that management will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to the Company or whether the Company will become profitable and generate positive operating cash flow. The source, timing and availability of any future financing will depend principally upon market conditions, and, more specifically, on the progress of our clinical development programs. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also caused volatility in the global financial markets and threatened a slowdown in the global economy, which may negatively affect our ability to raise additional capital on attractive terms or at all. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds when needed, on favorable terms or at all, the Company will not be able to continue development of its product candidates as currently planned or at all, will need to reevaluate its planned operations and may need to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of its development programs, reduce expenses or cease operations, any of which would have a significant negative impact on its prospects and financial condition.

Sources of Capital

We have not generated any revenue since our inception, and we do not anticipate generating meaningful revenue in the near term. Historically, we have raised the majority of the funding for our business through offerings of our common stock and warrants to purchase our common stock. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders would experience further dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we incur debt, our fixed payment obligations, liabilities and leverage relative to our equity capitalization would increase, which could increase the cost of future capital. Further, the terms of any debt securities we issue or borrowings we incur, if available, could impose significant restrictions on our operations, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt or issue additional equity or other operating restrictions that could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, and any such debt could be secured by any or all of our assets pledged as collateral. Additionally, we may incur substantial costs in pursuing future capital, including investment banking, legal and accounting fees, printing and distribution expenses and other costs.

Registered Direct Offering

On August 19, 2020, the Company completed the offer and sale of an aggregate of 4,608,589 shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $3.25 per share in a registered direct offering. The gross proceeds of the offering were approximately $15.0 million, and the net proceeds, after deducting the placement agent’s fee and other offering fees and expenses paid by the Company, were approximately $13.5 million. In connection with the offering, the Company paid the placement agent and other financial advisors an aggregate cash fee equal to 8.0% of the gross proceeds of the offering, as well as legal and other expenses equal to approximately $0.3 million.

Sale of New Jersey Net Operating Losses (NOLs)

In May 2020, the Company received $0.9 million in net proceeds from the sale of its New Jersey Net Operating Losses under the State of New Jersey NOL Transfer Program for the period ended July 31, 2019.

Small Business Administration Loan

On April 27, 2020, the Company was granted a loan (the “Loan”) from the Banc of California in the aggregate amount of $952,744, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) under the CARES Act, which was enacted March 27, 2020. The term of the loan is two years. If the Company does not apply for loan forgiveness, payments are deferred 10 months after the end of the covered period for the borrower’s loan forgiveness. The Company’s covered period began on April 30, 2020 and ended on October 15, 2020. Monthly payments will be due beginning August 15, 2021 if the Loan is not forgiven. Interest accrues at 1% per year, effective on the date of initial disbursement.

CGP and Sirtex

On February 7, 2020, the Company closed (the “Closing”) a strategic transaction (the “Transaction”) with CGP and its affiliate, Sirtex. On October 10, 2019, the Company and the Buyers entered into Stock Purchase Agreements (as amended, the “Purchase Agreements”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue to CGP and Sirtex 10,000,000 shares and 2,000,000 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $30.0 million. The net proceeds, after deducting offering fees and expenses paid by us, were approximately $28.0 million.

Critical Accounting Policies

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets 

The Company periodically assesses the carrying value of intangible and other long-lived assets, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. The assets are considered to be impaired if the Company determines that the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon its assessment, which includes consideration of the following events or changes in circumstances: 

If the assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is determined by the application of discounted cash flow models to project cash flows from the assets. In addition, the Company bases estimates of the useful lives and related amortization or depreciation expense on its subjective estimate of the period the assets will generate revenue or otherwise be used by it. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value, less selling costs. The Company also periodically reviews the lives assigned to long-lived assets to ensure that the initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which the Company expects to realize cash flows from its assets.

Accruals for Research and Development Expenses and Clinical Trials

The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with vendors, clinical research organizations and consultants and under clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts vary from contract to contract and may result in payment terms that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided under such contracts. The Company accounts for these expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which services are performed and efforts are expended. The Company determines accrual estimates through financial models and takes into account discussion with applicable personnel and outside service providers as to the progress of clinical trials, or the services completed. The Company makes estimates of its accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to it at that time. The Company’s clinical trial accruals are dependent upon the timely and accurate reporting of contract research organizations and other third-party vendors. During the course of a clinical trial, the Company adjusts its clinical expense recognition if actual results differ from its estimates.

Equity-Based Awards

The Company grants equity-based awards (typically stock options or restricted stock units) under our stock-based compensation plan and outside of our stock-based compensation plan, with terms generally similar to the terms under our stock-based compensation plan. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. For employees, directors and consultants, the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock unit awards based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of issuance.

Australia Research and Development Tax Credit

Our Australian, wholly-owned, subsidiary incurs research and development expenses, primarily in the course of conducting clinical trials. The Australian research and development activities qualify for the Australian government’s tax credit program, which provides a 41% credit for qualifying research and development expenses. The tax credit does not depend on our generation of future taxable income or ongoing tax status or position. Accordingly, the credit is not considered an element of income tax accounting under ASC 740 and is recorded against qualifying research and development expenses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in ROU assets, current operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date calculated using our incremental borrowing rate applicable to the lease asset, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. ROU assets also include any lease payments made at or before lease commencement and exclude any lease incentives received. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s leases do not contain any residual value guarantees. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all its leases.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditure or capital resources that is material to investors.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Principal Accounting Officer and Controller (our interim principal financial officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures reflects the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Principal Accounting Officer and Controller, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of October 31, 2020. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Principal Accounting Officer and Controller concluded that, as of October 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer and Controller, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. Refer to Footnote 8: Commitments and Contingencies for more information on legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2020.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

The following exhibits are either filed or furnished with this report:

* Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.