ONESPAWORLD HOLDINGS Ltd - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-38843

OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (242) 356-0006

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     ☐  Yes    ☒  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ☐  Yes    ☒  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    ☐  Yes    ☒  No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common shares held by non-affiliates was $255,095,708 as of June 30, 2020, based on the closing price of the common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on June 30, 2020, which is the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Shares of the registrant’s common stock held by each director and executive officer and by each entity or person that, to the registrant’s knowledge, owned 10% or more of the registrant’s outstanding common shares as of June 30, 2020 have been excluded from this number in that these persons may be deemed affiliates of the registrant. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily conclusive for other purposes.

As of December 31, 2020, the registrant had 69,292,596 voting shares and 17,185,500 non-voting shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of our Proxy Statement prepared for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited (“OneSpaWorld,” the “Company,” “we,” “our, “us” and other similar terms refer to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries).

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, including in this report and other disclosures, we may issue “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We attempt, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using words like “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “forecast,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate” and similar expressions of future intent or the negative of such terms.

Such forward-looking statements include statements impacted by or statements regarding:

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this report and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

As a result of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. For a discussion of the risks involved in our business and investing in our common shares, see the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

At our core, we are a global services company. With over 90% market share in the historically highly attractive outsourced maritime health and wellness market, we are the market leader at more than 10x the size of our closest maritime competitor. Over the last 50 years, we have built our leading market position on our depth of staff expertise; broad and innovative service and product offerings; expansive global recruitment, training and logistics platform; and decades-long relationships with cruise line and destination resort partners. Throughout our history, our mission has been simple: helping guests look and feel their best during and after their stay. We serve a critical role for our cruise line and destination resort partners, operating a complex and increasingly important aspect of their overall guest experience. Decades of investment and know-how have allowed us to construct an unmatched global infrastructure to manage the complexity of our operations. We have consistently expanded our onboard offerings with innovative, leading-edge service and product introductions, and developed a powerful back-end recruiting, training and logistics platform to manage our operational complexity, maintain our industry-leading quality standards and maximize revenue per center. The combination of our renowned recruiting and training platform, deep labor pool, global logistics and supply chain infrastructure and proven revenue management capabilities represents a significant competitive advantage that we believe is not economically feasible to replicate. These competitive advantages have served our business well during these extremely challenging times for our industry.

Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak (“COVID-19”) a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern,” and on March 10, 2020, declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The regional and global outbreak of COVID-19 has negatively impacted our operations. Quarantines, labor shortages and other disruptions, including the cancellation of cruise itineraries and the closure of resort properties, have adversely impacted our revenues, the ability to provide services, our operating results, and our financial condition and liquidity, and may continue to have further or additional adverse impacts in the future. In addition, COVID-19 has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has materially adversely affected the economies and financial markets of many countries, causing an economic downturn that has materially adversely impacted and is expected to continue to materially adversely impact for the foreseeable future the demand for our services and products. As such, the full impact on our operations and our results of operations and financial condition, including our liquidity, is difficult to assess at this point in time. As of the date of this report, the extent to which COVID-19 will impact us will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the actions taken by governmental authorities to contain COVID-19 or to mitigate its impact, and actions taken by our cruise line and destination resort partners, among others.

In September 2020, we began the resumption of limited spa operations with one of our cruise line partners. Likewise, during the second quarter of 2020, we began the resumption of spa operations in a limited number of destination resorts as part of our phased-in return to service. As of December 31, 2020, 45 destination resort spas were operating, some with capacity restrictions. Starting in the first quarter of 2020, and continuing through the fourth quarter of 2020 and currently, COVID-19-related shutdowns have had a significant negative impact on our operations. We believe the ongoing effects of COVID-19 on our operations will continue to have a significant negative impact on our financial performance and liquidity and such negative impact may continue well beyond the containment of the pandemic. Due to the unknown duration and extent of the impact of the pandemic, which will depend on a number of factors, including the duration and scope of the pandemic, travel restrictions and advisories, the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness, the potential continued unavailability of ports and/or destinations of our cruise partners and a general impact on consumer sentiment, the full effect on our financial performance cannot be quantified at this time.

The Company has also undertaken steps to mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic, which have included, without limitation, the following:

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Our Business

The majority of our revenue and profits are earned through long-term revenue sharing agreements with cruise line partners that economically align both parties and contribute to our attractive asset-light financial profile. These agreements average approximately five years in length and provide us with the exclusive right to offer health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and the ability to sell complementary products onboard the ships we serve. Under these long-term agreements, cruise line partners retain a specified percentage of revenues from all our sales onboard. This inherent alignment encourages collaboration in all aspects of our operations, including facility design, product innovation, pre- and post-cruise sales opportunities, capacity utilization initiatives and other data-driven strategies to drive increased guest traffic and revenue growth. Most of our cruise line agreements encompass 100% of a partner cruise line’s existing fleet and all new ships introduced by the cruise line during the term of the agreement. As opposed to fixed-rent landlords, cruise lines and destination resorts serve as our aligned economic partners.

We are recognized by our cruise line and destination resort partners and our guests for our comprehensive suite of services and products. We curate and deliver a broad range of offerings centered on providing specific health, fitness, beauty, and wellness solutions to meet our guests’ lifestyle routines or objectives. These services include: (i) traditional body, salon, and skin care services and products; (ii) self-service fitness facilities, specialized fitness classes and personal fitness training; (iii) innovative pain management, detoxifying programs and comprehensive body composition analyses; (iv) weight management programs and products; and (v) advanced medi-spa services, among others. We also offer our guests access to leading beauty and wellness brands including ELEMIS ®, Kérastase ® and Dysport ®, with many brands offered exclusively by us in the cruise market. On average, during normal operating conditions, guests spend $230 per visit and our solution sales approach drives substantial retail sales, with approximately 25% of our revenues derived from the sale of retail products.

Our state-of-the-art health, fitness, beauty and wellness centers are designed and branded for each cruise line and destination resort to optimize the guest experience, align with our partners’ overall hospitality atmosphere and maximize productivity. Centers can employ up to 105 highly trained professionals and range in size from 200 to over 30,000 square feet, depending on the cruise line or destination resort partner’s needs.

Our cruise line relationships average over 20 years and encompass substantially all of the major global cruise lines, including Carnival Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean Cruises, Princess Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Costa Cruises and Holland America, among many others. These partnerships extend across contemporary, premium, luxury and budget cruise lines that operate ships regionally and globally. We maintain what we believe to be an exceptional contract renewal rate with our cruise line partners, having renewed approximately 94% of our contracts based on ship count over the last 15 years, including 100% of our contracts with ships larger than 3,500 berths. We have not only maintained relationships with existing cruise line partners, but also have a history of winning contracts and gaining market share. In 2019, we signed an agreement with Celebrity Cruises to become the exclusive operator of health and wellness centers on Celebrity’s entire fleet, increasing the Celebrity vessels by nine, extended our current agreement with Norwegian Cruise Lines through 2024, and signed an agreement with the new lifestyle brand Virgin Voyages as the exclusive operator of the spa and wellness offerings onboard Virgin vessels. On land, we have longstanding relationships with the world’s leading destination hotel and resort operators, including Marriott, Hilton, ClubMed, Caesars Entertainment, Lotte, Loews and Four Seasons, among others.

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Our Operations and Performance

We are a Bahamian international business company that earns a substantial portion of our revenue in low- or no-tax jurisdictions, benefitting from a comparatively low effective cash tax rate. Additionally, we have minimal capital expenditures, as our cruise line and destination resort partners typically fund the build-out, maintenance, and refurbishment of our health and wellness centers. The combination of our attractive tax rate and asset-light operating model leads to a financial profile that delivers comparatively high Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow. In fiscal 2018 and 2019, prior to the cessation of operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had converted approximately 90% of our Adjusted EBITDA to Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow.

We have historically driven strong financial performance and believe our leading market position in a growing industry, differentiated business model and entrenched cruise line and destination resort partner relationships position our business for future growth. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on our operations in 2020, current year data is not meaningful. However, for the year ended December 31, 2019, we achieved revenues of $562.2 million, Adjusted EBITDA of $59.0 million, Net Loss of $37.0 million and Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow of $55.4 million.

Attractive Market Opportunity

Despite the adverse conditions impacting global operations and economies resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak, we continue to operate at the intersection of the historically attractive health and wellness and travel leisure industries. We believe we are well-positioned to grow as the cruise industry recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Historical Cruise Industry Growth

Prior to COVID-19, the cruise industry had been among the fastest-growing segments in the travel leisure industry, including through the recessions of 2001 and 2008-2010. We estimate, based on annual statistics published by Cruise Lines International Association (“CLIA”), that global passenger counts had grown every year until 2020 from approximately 6.3 million passengers in 1995 to an all-time high of approximately 30.0 million passengers in 2019, representing a compound annual growth rate of 6.7%. This passenger growth had been driven by consistent, significant investments in new cruise ship capacity, strong loyalty among experienced cruisers and the large and growing appeal of cruising to all demographics, including millennials.

Historically Large and Growing Health and Wellness Industry

Our health and wellness centers cater to guests seeking a continuation of their health, fitness, beauty and wellness activities while traveling and those who want to trial services while away from home. As consumers increasingly incorporate health and wellness activities into their daily lives, they are placing a higher priority on health and wellness services while traveling and vacationing. The Global Wellness Institute (“GWI”) estimates in its most recently issued global wellness economy report that wellness-related tourism grew at twice the rate of general tourism from 2015 to 2017.

Our Evolution

Our history dates back to the early 1960’s, when we opened the world’s first salons at sea onboard transatlantic cruise ships, including the Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth II. Over more than 50 years, we have continuously defined and redefined the onboard health, fitness, beauty and wellness category by consistently expanding our onboard offerings with innovative and leading-edge service and product introductions, while developing the powerful back-end recruiting, training and logistics platforms to manage and optimize the complexity of our operations and maintain our industry-leading quality standards. We have successfully evolved the onboard health, fitness, beauty and wellness category from what was once a consumer-centric amenity for passengers to a key onboard revenue driver for our cruise line partners.

In 2015, a consortium led by L Catterton acquired Steiner Leisure, the holding company of OneSpaWorld at that time (the “2015 Transaction”). Since then, OneSpaWorld has strengthened its already proven platform by leveraging L Catterton’s expertise in consumer services, consumer products, multi-unit retail operations and customer acquisition, among other expertise. OneSpaWorld has enhanced collaboration with its cruise line and destination resort partners to reinforce its market leading position and introduced innovative revenue initiatives to accelerate its revenue growth. Key recent initiatives include:

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On March 19, 2019 (the “Business Combination Date”), OneSpaWorld consummated a business combination pursuant to a Business Combination Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2018 (as amended on January 7, 2019, by Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement), by and among Steiner Leisure Limited (“Steiner Leisure,” “Steiner,” or “Parent”), Steiner U.S. Holdings, Inc., Nemo (UK) Holdco, Ltd., Steiner UK Limited, Steiner Management Services, LLC, Haymaker Acquisition Corp. (“Haymaker”), OneSpaWorld, Dory US Merger Sub, LLC, Dory Acquisition Sub, Limited, Dory Intermediate LLC, and Dory Acquisition Sub, Inc. (the “Business Combination”), in which Haymaker acquired from Steiner the combined operating business known as OSW Predecessor (“OSW”). Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, OneSpaWorld was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Steiner Leisure. On the Business Combination Date, OneSpaWorld became the ultimate parent company of the Haymaker and OSW combined company.

Prior to the cessation of our cruise line and destination resort operations due to COVID-19, our comprehensive suite of premium health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and products reached more consumers than ever before, with 175 centers onboard cruise ships addressing a captive audience of over 20 million passengers annually, and 68 destination resort centers serving global travelers at premier destination resorts around the world.

Our Strengths

As noted above, we cannot yet fully predict the impacts of COVID-19 on the travel leisure industry or on our business. Despite this uncertainty, we believe that our competitive strengths historically have positioned us, and will continue to position us, as a leader in the hospitality-based health and wellness industry and the category dominant leader in the cruise industry.

Global Leader in the Hospitality-Based Health and Wellness Industry

As the pre-eminent global operator of health and wellness centers onboard cruise ships and a leading operator of health and wellness centers at destination resorts worldwide, we are at the center of the intersection between the health and wellness and travel leisure industries. In 2018, the Global Wellness Institute reported that global wellness tourism was a $639 billion industry. We command over 90% market share in the highly attractive outsourced maritime health and wellness market and we are more than 10x the size of our closest competitor. Through our market share, we have had access to a captive audience of over 20 million passengers. Cruise ship guests are an attractive demographic, with average annual household incomes of over $100,000. As a result of our scale, our captive consumer audience, and consumers’ increasing desire for more health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and products, we are well-positioned in the global health and wellness industry and have a large and highly attractive addressable consumer market at sea and on land.

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Differentiated Business Model That Would Be Difficult and Uneconomic to Replicate

For more than 50 years, our business model has been built through investment in global infrastructure and training, decades-long relationships with our cruise line and destination resort partners and our reputation for offering our guests a best-in-class health, fitness, beauty and wellness experience. Our robust infrastructure and processes required to operate and maximize revenue across our network of global health and wellness centers separates us from our peers. In 2019, we embarked on over 8,600 voyages that welcomed over 22 million passengers at more than 178 ports of embarkation. Our business model is centered on providing our cruise line and destination resort partners with the following solutions:

The above capabilities have contributed to building a differentiated and defensible strategy around our leading market position in a historically growing and attractive industry.

Unmatched Breadth of Service and Product Offering

We offer our guests a comprehensive suite of health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and products to meet any and all of their needs. We are continuously innovating and evolving our offerings based on the latest trends and tailor our service and product offerings to regional preferences. In addition to conventional services, we offer the latest in fitness, a full range of massage treatments, nutrition/weight management consultations, teeth whitening, and acupuncture, among a broad spectrum of personal care services. OneSpaWorld has also introduced innovative, higher-ticket medi-spa services at sea, including BOTOX ® Cosmetic, Dysport, Restylane ®, CoolSculpting ®, Thermage and dermal fillers, among others. With our captive audience of over 20 million cruise guests annually, OneSpaWorld is a compelling distribution channel for leading health, fitness, beauty and wellness brands. Renowned brands, including ELEMIS and Kérastase, have partnered with us for exclusive distribution at sea. Cruise line and destination resort partners depend on us to provide their guests with the best and broadest assortment of services and products to enhance their vacation experience and the competitive positioning and consumer value of their brands.

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Entrenched Partnerships with Economic Alignment

We have cultivated partnerships with most of the largest and most reputable cruise lines and premier resorts in the world. Our cruise line relationships average over 20 years and encompass substantially all of the major global cruise lines, including Carnival Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean Cruises, Princess Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Crystal Cruises, Costa Cruises, Seabourn Cruise Line, Virgin Voyages, and Holland America, among many others. The majority of our revenues and profits are earned through our long-term revenue sharing agreements with our cruise line partners that economically align both parties and create a collaborative relationship. On land, we partner with market leaders at highly attractive destinations, including Atlantis Paradise Island Bahamas, The Ocean Club, a Four Seasons Resort, Hilton Hawaiian Village Beach Resort and Spa, and the Mohegan Sun Resort, among others. Our long-standing relationships, with economic alignment at the core, strengthen our competitive advantage.

Highly Visible and Predictable Revenue Streams

Historically, we have had access to over 20 million passengers annually, with potential long-term passenger growth expected in the future, post the COVID-19 pandemic, as new ships are commissioned in the industry. This new ship growth is highly visible as demonstrated in a publicly available global order book outlining over five years of new ship orders. Across our contracts, OneSpaWorld typically operates on all ships in a fleet and on new ships added during the contract term, securing both existing and new ship revenue. A new ship requires approximately two to four years to be built and is rarely delayed, as cruise lines typically sell out the vessel’s maiden voyage over a year in advance. New ships do not have a revenue ramp-up period given these advanced marketing efforts. Our cruise line partners are experts at dependably filling their ships with passengers, as demonstrated by the industry’s historical average occupancy rate of above 100%, even through recessionary periods. Due to historically consistent industry practices and decades of proprietary operating history data, OneSpaWorld has had strong visibility into our future revenue realization for the next three to five years. Despite current market conditions related to COVID-19, we expect these revenue streams to rebound in the future to historical levels.

Asset-Light Model with After-Tax Free Cash Flow Generation

Third parties typically fund the build-out, maintenance, and refurbishment of our onboard health and wellness centers, resulting in an asset-light profile with minimal capex required. Our capital expenditures averaged 1% of revenues over the three years preceding the near cessation of our operations due to COVID-19. Being a Bahamian international business company and earning a significant portion of our revenue in low-tax or no-tax jurisdictions, including international waters, our effective cash tax rate had been approximately 1% over the three years preceding the near cessation of our operations due to COVID-19. This combination translates to exceptional after-tax free cash flow. Annually, from 2017 through 2019, we converted approximately 90% of our Adjusted EBITDA to Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow.

Seasoned and Proven Leadership Team

OneSpaWorld is led by a management team that has operated the Company for nearly 20 years. Our Executive Chairman, Leonard Fluxman, and our CFO and COO, Stephen Lazarus, together led Steiner Leisure as a public company for more than a decade. Mr. Fluxman, Mr. Lazarus and our President and Chief Executive Officer, Glenn Fusfield, now lead an internally developed senior management team with over 150 years of combined industry experience. As previously announced, Mr. Fusfield will be retiring from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective March 31, 2021 and will continue to serve as a non-employee director of the Company until the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

On October 13, 2020, Susan Bonner joined the Company as Chief Commercial Officer. Ms. Bonner has over 20 years of experience in the cruise line sector and is a seasoned executive with a proven track record and significant background in strategy, revenue management, operations management, sales, and marketing. We also benefit from Haymaker’s investing and operational experience at Fortune 500 companies, particularly in the consumer and hospitality sectors. The OneSpaWorld management team’s deep experience and proven track record in managing the business in both public and private markets positions OneSpaWorld as an attractive vehicle for future long-term growth within the global hospitality-based health and wellness industry.

Growth Strategies

Our management plans to continue growing the business through the following strategies:

Capture Highly Visible New Ship Growth with Current Cruise Line Partners

We expect to continue to benefit long-term from a return to the cruise industry’s capacity for growth, with a consistent and visible pipeline of new ships commissioned annually by our cruise line partners. By the end of 2022, our existing cruise line partners are expected to introduce 24 new ships, representing a 15% increase in our ship count from 2020. Through established cruise line

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partner relationships, current contracts, and an approximately 94% contract renewal rate over the last 15 years, we are well-positioned to capture new ship growth over the long term.

Expand Market Share by Adding New Potential Cruise Line Partners

Although we have over 90% market share in the outsourced maritime health and wellness market, there is an opportunity to continue to grow our market share by winning new contracts. In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, we signed an agreement with Celebrity Cruises as the exclusive operator of health and wellness centers on Celebrity’s entire fleet, increasing the Celebrity vessels on which we operate by nine, extended our current agreement with Norwegian Cruise Lines through 2024, and won a contract with the new lifestyle brand Virgin Voyages to operate the spa and wellness offerings onboard three Virgin vessels, planned to launch in 2021 and 2022. We also routinely meet with cruise lines that do not currently outsource their health and wellness centers or utilize our smaller competitors, but that may have an interest in contracting with us in the future due to our strong reputation and historical results. As evidenced by our successful history of winning new contracts, we remain focused on continuing to protect and grow our dominant market share at sea.

Continue Launching More Value-Added Services and Products

We have successfully innovated services and products to meet guests’ ever-changing needs, attract more guests and generate more revenue per guest. Medi-spa has been a highly successful innovation for OneSpaWorld at sea and is now a critical component of our offerings. Performed by licensed physicians, the medi-spa offerings provide the latest cosmetic medical services to guests, such as non-surgical cosmetic procedures, including BOTOX Cosmetic, Dysport, Restylane, CoolSculpting, Thermage, and dermal fillers. Guests purchasing medi-spa services spend on average up to 10x more than on traditional health, beauty and wellness services. We continue to roll out Kérastase, a leading global professional hair care brand. In 2019, we experienced year-over-year growth of 24% and a 41% increase in Kérastase retail attachment. We will continue to focus on launching higher value-add services and products that meet guest demands, align with and enhance our cruise line and destination resort partner brands, optimize health and wellness center utilization, and maximize center-level profitability.

Focus on Enhancing Health and Wellness Center Productivity

Cruise lines have become increasingly focused on growing onboard revenue as a way to enhance revenue beyond traditional cabin ticket sales. Between 2013 and 2019, onboard spend on the three largest cruise operators we serve increased by $2.6 billion, from $6.5 billion to $9.1 billion. According to an independent global consulting study, 45% of passengers say they are interested in using our health and wellness centers onboard. We are focused on collaborating with cruise line partners to increase passenger penetration and maximize revenue yield through the following initiatives:

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Health and Wellness Services

We curate and deliver an ever-innovating broad range of offerings for our cruise line and destination resort partners, centered around a holistic wellness approach, which includes:

Products

We sell over 1,100 branded product SKUs sourced from over 90 vendors due to our scale, superior operations, industry longevity and attractive captive audience at sea and on land. We sell products from leading brands, including ELEMIS, Thermage, Dysport, GoodFeet Arch Supports and GO SMILE Teeth Whitening. We have an exclusive 10-year supply agreement with ELEMIS. We believe we have a leading retail attachment rate based on the number of products purchased in conjunction with a service compared to the broader retail industry. Approximately 25% of our revenues come from product sales, enabling incremental revenue even at full treatment room utilization.

We utilize three warehouses, one 35,000 square foot bonded warehouse in Miami, FL, one 10,000 square foot warehouse in Miami, FL, and one 4,000 square foot warehouse in New Jersey. The Miami warehouses provide fulfillment services for cruise inventory, and the New Jersey warehouse provides fulfillment for e-commerce and the Shop & Ship program.

Health and Wellness Centers

As of December 31, 2020, we operated state-of-the-art health and wellness centers on 163 ships, including virtually all of the major cruise lines globally, and 54 land-based destination resorts, principally in the United States, the Caribbean and Asia. Centers are designed and branded for each cruise and destination resort partner to optimize the guest experience, maximize revenues and align with our partners’ brand and hospitality environment. Centers can range in size from approximately 200 square feet to over 30,000 square feet and generally provide fitness areas, treatment rooms and salons, as well as elaborate thermal suites and/or saunas. Cruise centers are generally located on higher ship decks, which encourages increased passenger interest and guest traffic.

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Facility Design

Our cruise line and destination resort partners each seek differentiated health and wellness experiences for their guests. As such, we provide design capabilities for our cruise line and destination resort partners, creating bespoke branding and design consulting to optimize guest experiences and maximize revenues. We operate health and wellness centers under proprietary brands of Mandara ® and Chavana ®, as well as brands curated specifically for each cruise line, complete with cruise line and/or ship-specific service menus. Prior to the near cessation of our operations due to COVID-19, as of December 31, 2019, we had 39 health and wellness centers under the Mandara brand, 11 centers under the Chavana brand, and one center under our destination resort health and wellness brand, “Glow ®, a Mandara Spa.”

Principal Cruise Line Customers

A significant portion of our revenue is generated from each of the following cruise lines, which accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively: Carnival (including Carnival, Carnival Australia, Costa, Holland America, P&O, Princess, and Seabourn cruise lines): 43.4%, 46.7%, and 48.5%, Royal Caribbean (including Royal Caribbean, Celebrity Cruises, Pullmantur, Azamara and Silversea cruise lines): 20.9%, 23.1%, and 21.0%, and Norwegian Cruise Line (including Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises and Regent Seven Seas Cruises): 16.3%, 14.7%, and 13.8%. These companies, combined, accounted for 144 of the 163 ships served by OneSpaWorld as of December 31, 2020. Our contracts are signed at the cruise line-level, not with the parent operator, giving OneSpaWorld a diverse customer base despite parent-level consolidation. Our contracts average five years in duration.

The numbers of ships served as of December 31, 2020 under cruise line agreements with the respective cruise lines, all but one of which are temporarily out of service due to COVID-19, are listed below:

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Destination Resort Locations and Partners

As of December 31, 2020, we provided health and wellness services at destination resorts in the following locations:

Cruise Line and Destination Resort Agreements

Through our cruise line and destination resort agreements, we have the exclusive right to offer health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and the ability to sell complementary products onboard the ships and at the destination resorts we serve. Under the cruise line agreements, guests pay for our services through our cruise line partners, who retain a specified percentage of gross receipts from such sales before remitting the remainder to us. Our revenue share agreements result in a highly variable cost model, where the primary fixed costs are the meals and accommodations for our shipboard employees. Most of our cruise line agreements cover all of the then-operating ships of a cruise line and typically new ships are added to ships in service through an amendment to the agreement. The agreements have specified terms ranging from 2 to 10.7 years, with an average remaining term per ship of approximately 3.3 years as of December 31, 2020. Cruise lines can terminate the agreements with limited or no advance notice under certain circumstances, including, among other things, the withdrawal of a ship from the cruise trade, the sale or lease of a ship, or our failure to achieve specified passenger service standards. However, we have never had a contract terminated prior to our respective expiration date.

We operate our destination resort centers pursuant to agreements with the owners of the properties involved. Our destination resort centers generally are required to pay rent based on a percentage of our revenues, with others having fixed rents. Some of our destination resort center agreements also require that we make minimum rental payments irrespective of the amount of our revenues. The terms of the agreements for our destination resort centers generally range from five to 20 years (including the terms of renewals available at our option). In the U.S. and Caribbean, destination resort centers generally have a higher investment cost and lower revenue share with higher staff costs and contracts lasting ten years on average. In Asia, destination resort centers have lower investment cost, higher revenue share, lower staff costs, and contracts averaging five years.

Marketing and Promotion

We promote our services and products to cruise passengers and destination resort guests through targeted marketing, including pre-and post-cruise emails, website advertising, on-site demonstrations and seminars, video presentations shown on in-cabin/in-room television, ship newsletters, tours of our centers, and dedicated signage around the ship. We also encourage our employees to cross-sell, as they believe that such cross-promotional activities frequently result in our customers purchasing services and/or products in addition to those they initially contemplated buying. For example, we cross-sell our fitness body assessment with detox programs, vitamins, and seaweed wraps. We also maintain a dedicated sales desk to facilitate pre-cruise health and wellness services booking and to disseminate health and wellness information for charters and other groups of cruise passengers.

Recent collaborative initiatives with cruise line partners have proven to enhance performance across certain key performance indicators. We have developed a fully integrated pre-booking platform, which allows guests to book health and wellness treatments six to eight weeks prior to the voyage. Pre-booked and pre-paid guests on average spend approximately 30% more than guests who book services once already onboard. We recently introduced targeted marketing, including the ‘positive surprise’ direct marketing

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campaign, where guests receive a targeted gift card to celebrate a birthday, honeymoon, anniversary, or other special occasion. Guests who received the ‘positive surprise’ campaign spent approximately $44.0 million in 2019, or approximately 8% of our revenue. We have begun rolling out our dynamic pricing model to our full cruise fleet, which provides the ability to optimize demand and maximize utilization of our health and wellness centers. We continually monitor the results of our marketing efforts and adjust our strategies in order to use our marketing resources in a cost-effective manner.

Competition

On cruise ships, we compete with passenger activity alternatives for onboard passenger dollars. We also compete with other maritime wellness facility providers, including cruise lines that insource the activity, as well as other outsource providers. Across the destination resorts business, we compete with other outsource providers of health, fitness, beauty and wellness services to hotel and destination resort operators. The destination resorts business is highly fragmented, and there is no one leader within this category.

Seasonality

A significant portion of our revenues are generated onboard cruise ships and are subject to specific individual cruise itineraries as to time of year and geographic location, among other factors. As a result, we experience varying degrees of seasonality as the demand for cruises is stronger in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer months and during holidays. Accordingly, the third quarter and holiday periods generally result in the highest revenue yields for us. Further, cruises and destination resorts have been negatively affected by the frequency and intensity of hurricanes, which may be impacted by climate change. The negative impact of hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere is highest during peak hurricane season from August to October.

Trademarks

We hold or control numerous trademarks in the United States and a number of other countries. Our most recognized health and wellness products and services trademarks are for Mandara and Chavana. We believe that the use of our trademarks is important in establishing and maintaining our reputation for providing high quality health and wellness services, as well as cosmetic goods, and we are committed to protecting these trademarks by all appropriate legal means.

Registrations for the OneSpaWorld, Mandara and Chavana trademarks, among others, have been obtained in a number of countries throughout the world. We continue to apply for other trademark registrations in various countries.

While a number of the trademarks we use have been registered in the United States and other countries, the registrations of other trademarks that we use are pending. Recently we have adopted the mark “OneSpaWorld” as the trade name of our maritime health and wellness business to reflect our position as a global provider of shipboard products and services.

We license “Mandara” for use by luxury destination resorts in certain Asian countries.

Human Capital

As a pre-eminent global operator of health and wellness services, our human capital is material to our operations and core to the long-term success of our Company. During the first and second quarters of 2020, in response to the near cessation of our operations due to COVID-19, we took steps to mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic, including repatriating 3,220 of our cruise ship personnel, furloughing 96% and subsequently terminating the employment of 66% of our U.S. and Caribbean -based destination resort spa personnel and 38% of our corporate personnel, and implementing salary reductions for all our corporate personnel. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on the global cruise industry and our operations in 2020, current year data is not meaningful and not included in this section.

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In order to successfully achieve our goals toward diversity and inclusion, we strive to educate employees, managers, and leadership on these essential topics. Among other things, we provide annual training on the following topics: culture of civility, anti-harassment best practices, cultivating a respectful workplace, anti-harassment crash course: steering clear of sexual harassment, and halting harassment: prevention basics for management.

Shipboard spa employees typically are employed under nine month-long agreements with fixed terms, with compensation comprised of commissions received in connection with the provision of services and sales of products in our spas. We make available to all our shipboard employees comprehensive health and dental care, free of charge during the terms of their employment agreements, and provide long-term disability and death compensation, among other benefits. We provide our shipboard employees with transportation to their home countries free of charge following the completion of their employment terms. Our shipboard employees and their family and friends are entitled to discounts on the services and products we offer for sale, as well as personalized fitness and wellness programs. In recent years, we have improved staff retention, resulting in a more experienced staff across our fleet.

Employees at our destination resorts generally are employed without contracts, on an at-will basis, although most of our employees in Asia have one- or two-year contracts. Our U.S. corporate and destination resort spa employees are eligible to receive the following company benefits, some which are Company sponsored and some which are voluntary: medical, dental, vision, 401(k) retirement plan, short term disability, long term disability, critical illness, flexible spending account, basic life insurance and basic accidental death and dismemberment, medical indemnity, off the job accident insurance, spouse life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment, child life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment. We provide an employee assistance program free of charge to our employees and members of their household, offering face-to-face mental health counseling sessions with a local provider, legal assistance, financial consultations on topics such as debt counseling and planning for retirement, resources and referrals for childcare providers, before and after school programs, camps, adoption organizations, child development and parental care, resources and referrals for eldercare, including home health agencies, assisted living facilities, social and recreational programs and long-distance caregiving, pet care, including pet setting, obedience training, veterinarians and pet stores, and consultations with fraud resolution specialists intended to prevent identity theft.

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We encourage our employees to progress through roles of increasing responsibility within our corporate structure during their tenures by providing numerous opportunities for development and training support. Most senior positions held by our Coral Gables and London Wellness Academy employees are occupied by individuals who began their careers as members of our shipboard spa teams. In our corporate office in Coral Gables, employees receive annual refresher and development training through the Company’s state of the art learning management system and are required to review a variety of learning modules containing training content relevant to our globally diverse organization.

Government Regulation

Our business is subject to certain international, U.S. federal, state and local laws, and regulations and policies in jurisdictions in which we operate. Such laws, regulations and policies impact areas of our business, including securities, anti-discrimination, anti-fraud, data protection and security. We are also subject to anti-corruption and bribery laws and government economic sanctions, including applicable regulations under the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”). The FCPA and similar anti-corruption and bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or generating business.

Website Access to SEC Reports

Our website can be found at onespaworld.com. Information contained on our website is not part of this report.

We make available, free of charge through our website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as is reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed, and have been harmed, by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. The trading price of our securities could decline, and has declined, due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

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Risks Related to Our Business

Actual or Threatened Epidemics or Pandemics may Have an Adverse Effect on our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operation

In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” Steps have been taken by various countries to advise citizens to avoid non-essential travel, to implement closures of non-essential operations, and to implement quarantines and lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. On March 8, 2020 the U.S. Department of State issued a warning for US citizens to not travel by cruise ship and this was soon followed by stringent restrictions on international travel and immigration by the U.S. and many other countries across Asia, Europe and South America. The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and rapidly-evolving, with governments, public institutions and other organizations imposing or recommending, and businesses and individuals implementing, restrictions on various activities to combat its spread, such as restrictions on travel transportation, limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, and cancellation of events. Several vaccines have been granted emergency-use authorizations in numerous countries and vaccines are being rolled out to citizens based on their priority of need. These COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in clinical trials and are being distributed to certain populations in the United States and around the world.

While these vaccines are a promising milestone in global efforts to contain and eliminate COVID-19, a number of uncertainties remain, including whether any additional vaccines will receive regulatory approval, the risk of differing interpretations and assessments by the scientific community during the peer review/publication process, widespread adoption of the vaccines by consumers, the availability of the raw materials needed in the quantities required to manufacture the vaccine, pricing and access challenges, storage, distribution and administration requirements, and logistics. There can be no assurance as to when a sufficient number of individuals will be vaccinated, permitting travel restrictions to be lifted. Recently, new COVID-19 variants were recognized in Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. These variants have the potential to increase the lethality and/or spread of COVID-19, reduce vaccine effectiveness, and may prolong the duration of the pandemic, negatively impacting our business performance.

The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected us to risks related to our business, operations, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC issued a No Sail Order on March 14, 2020, which was extended several times until, on October 30, 2020, the CDC issued a Framework for Conditional Sailing Order, which will remain in effect until the earliest of (1) the expiration of the Secretary of Health and Human Services’ declaration that COVID-19 constitutes a public health emergency, (2) the CDC Director rescinds or modifies the order based on specific public health or other considerations, or (3) November 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Framework for Conditional Sailing Order, the No Sail Order has been lifted and the cruise industry will work with the CDC on a phased in return-to-service, which will consist of three phases: (i) testing and implementing additional safeguards for crew members; (ii) conducting simulated voyages to test cruise operators’ ability to mitigate COVID -19 risk; and (iii) providing a certification to ships that meet specified requirements, thereby allowing for a phased return to cruise ship passenger voyages. We are currently reviewing the Conditional Sailing Order and monitoring the actions of our cruise line partners with respect to the status of the voluntary suspension of cruise sailings. As of March 1, 2021, one of the ships we serve had commenced sailing and 44 of our destination resort spas were operating, some with capacity restrictions.

The COVID-19 pandemic has materially negatively adversely impacted our financial condition, and is expected to continue to materially negatively adversely impact our financial condition in fiscal year 2021. We cannot presently estimate the extent to which the pandemic will impact our business, operations, results of operations or financial condition, which will depend on a number of factors, such as the duration and scope of the pandemic; the negative impact it has on global and regional economies and economic activity, including the duration and magnitude of its impact on unemployment rates and consumer discretionary spending; its short and longer-term impact on the demand for travel, transient and group business, and levels of consumer confidence; our ability to successfully navigate the impacts of the pandemic; actions governments, businesses and individuals take in response to the pandemic, including limiting or banning travel and cruises; and how quickly economies, travel and cruise activity, and demand for our services recover after the pandemic subsides.

To date we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the ongoing suspension of cruise voyages, the Company has taken steps to reduce expenses, including to date (i) repatriating all of our shipboard staff, (ii) furloughing 96% of U.S. and Caribbean-based destination resort spa personnel and subsequently terminating the employment of 66% of such personnel, (iii) implementing furloughs, terminations of employment, or salary reductions for all corporate personnel, (iv) eliminating all non-essential operating and capital expenditures, and (v) deferring payment of the dividend declared by our Board in the first quarter of 2020 and suspending our dividend program until further notice, among other actions. Such steps, and further changes we may make in the future to reduce costs, may negatively impact guest loyalty, customer preferences, or our ability to attract and retain employees, destination resort partners or investors, and our reputation and market share may suffer as a result. Notwithstanding the mitigating actions we have undertaken, the Company continues to incur significant ongoing expenses. We

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may also incur additional COVID-19 related costs if we are subject to greater hygiene-related protocols in our services that are mandated by government authorities or other international authorities. In addition, the industry as whole may be subject to enhanced health and hygiene requirements in attempts to counteract future outbreaks, which requirements may be costly and take a significant amount of time to implement.

COVID-19 has caused heightened volatility and disruptions in the global credit and financial markets, and this may adversely affect our ability to borrow and could increase our counterparty credit risks. Additionally, the outbreak of COVID-19 may have adverse negative impacts on restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness that require us to maintain minimum levels of liquidity and otherwise limit our flexibility in operating our business, including the significant portion of assets that are collateral under these agreements.

As a result of COVID-19, some credit agencies may downgrade our credit ratings in the future. If our credit ratings are downgraded in the future, or if general market conditions were to ascribe a higher risk to our credit rating levels, our industry, or our company, our access to capital and the cost of debt financing will be further negatively impacted. The interest rate we pay on our existing debt instruments is affected by our credit ratings. Accordingly, a downgrade may cause our cost of borrowing to further increase.

We Depend on Our Agreements with Cruise Lines and Destination Resort Health and Wellness Centers; if These Agreements Terminate, Our Business Would Be Harmed

A significant portion of our revenues are generated from our cruise ship health and wellness operations, which have been adversely impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. In light of the current market conditions and the other impacts caused by COVID-19, these agreements, as well as our other cruise line agreements, may not be renewed after their expiration date on similar terms or at all. Any renewals may cause further reductions in our margins, as the amounts we pay to cruise lines and land-based venues may increase upon entering into renewals of agreements.

In addition, these agreements provide for termination by the cruise lines with limited or no advance notice under certain circumstances, including, among other things, the withdrawal of a ship from the cruise trade, the sale or lease of a ship or our failure to achieve specified passenger service standards. Due to the impact of COVID-19, six vessels on which we operated health and wellness centers have been taken out of service permanently by our cruise line partners, and 20 vessels on which we operated health and wellness centers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic have been sold to other cruise line operators, including operators we currently serve. We are engaged in discussions with these cruise line operators regarding agreements to continue operation of our health and wellness centers aboard these ships; however, there can be no assurance that we will execute satisfactory agreements. Termination or nonrenewal of cruise line agreements, either upon completion of their terms or prior thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Some of our land-based destination resort health and wellness center agreements also provide for termination with limited advance notice under certain circumstances.

As a result of the consolidation of the cruise industry, the number of independent cruise lines has decreased in recent years, and this trend may continue. Also, some cruise lines have ceased operating and this may happen to other cruise lines in the future. As a result of these factors, a small number of cruise companies, all of which currently are our customers, dominate the cruise industry.

We Depend on the Cruise Industry and Their Risks Are Risks to Us

The cruise industry has never before experienced a complete cessation of its operations. The public concern over the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with a drop in demand for international travel and leisure, and restrictions on international travel and immigration, have adversely affected the demand for cruises. In addition, COVID-19 has caused and may continue to cause some cruise lines to declare bankruptcy or cause their lenders to declare a default, accelerate the related debt, or foreclose on collateral. Such bankruptcies, accelerations or foreclosures could, in some cases, result in the termination of our agreements with certain of our cruise line partners and eliminate our anticipated income and cash flows, which could negatively affect our results of operations. Cruise lines in bankruptcy may not have sufficient assets to pay us termination fees, other unpaid fees, or reimbursements we are owed under their agreements with us. Even if some cruise lines do not declare bankruptcy, they may be unable or unwilling to pay us amounts to which we are entitled on a timely basis or at all. Cruise lines compete for consumer disposable leisure time dollars with virtually all other vacation alternatives. Demand for cruises is dependent on the underlying economic strength of the countries from which cruise lines source their passengers. Economic changes such as unemployment, economic uncertainty, and the threat of a global recession reduce disposable income or consumer confidence in the countries from which our cruise line partners source their passengers and have affected the demand for vacations, including cruise vacations, which are discretionary purchases.

Despite the general historic trend of growth in the volume of cruise passengers prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, the impacts related to COVID-19 may have a material adverse effect on the number of future cruise passengers once voyages resume. A future resurgence of COVID-19, or the outbreak of another pandemic, could cause a cessation of cruise operations again, even after voyages resume.

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Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, a continuing industry trend reported by CLIA was the growing number of passengers sourced from outside North America. We believe that non-North American passengers spend less on our services and products than North American passengers. Other recent trends are those of certain cruise lines reducing the number of cruises to certain long-standing destinations and replacing them with alternative exotic destinations, as well as extending the length of voyages. When the cruise industry resumes operations after a containment of the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of such replacements and extensions could result in cruises producing lower revenues than they produced in prior years.

A significant portion of the cruise industry’s growth is expected to come from expansion of markets outside of our core North American market. Our health and wellness centers on ships operating in the North American market are our best performing centers, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate the same revenue performance in non-North American markets. Additionally, our cruise line partners dictate the itineraries and geographies where their ships sail, and they may change itineraries to be less favorable to our revenue performance.

Accidents and other incidents involving cruise ships can materially adversely affect the cruise industry, as well as our results of operations and financial condition. Among other things, accidents reduce our revenues and increase the costs of our maritime-related insurance. In addition, accidents can adversely affect consumer demand for cruise vacations.

Other risks to the cruise industry include unscheduled withdrawals of ships from service, delays in new ship introductions, environmental violations by cruise lines, and restricted access of cruise ships to environmentally sensitive regions, hurricanes and other adverse weather conditions and increases in fuel costs. For example, in the past, hurricanes have caused the withdrawal of ships that we served from service for use in hurricane relief efforts, as well as the temporary closing of cruise ports and the destruction of facilities. A number of cruise ships have experienced outbreaks of illnesses such as norovirus, E.coli, measles and COVID-19 that have affected, at times, hundreds of passengers on a ship.

Severe weather conditions, both at sea and at ports of embarkation, also could adversely affect the cruise industry. The cruise industry also relies to a significant extent on airlines to transport passengers to ports of embarkation. A drastic reduction in airline services, and travel and immigration related restrictions due to the impacts of COVID-19, have adversely affected us. In addition, any strikes or other disruptions of airline service, including those that could follow terrorist attacks or armed hostilities, could adversely affect the ability of cruise passengers or our shipboard staff to reach their ports of embarkation, or could cause cancellation of cruises.

Cruise ships have increasingly had itineraries which provide for the ships to be in port during cruises. When cruise ships are in port, our revenues are adversely affected.

Cruise ships periodically go into dry-dock for routine maintenance, repairs and refurbishment for periods ranging from one to three weeks. Cruise ships also may be taken out of service unexpectedly for non-routine maintenance and repairs as a result of damage from an accident or otherwise, such as the Carnival Triumph, Oasis of the Seas, and Costa Smeralda incidents. A ship also may go out of service with respect to us if it is transferred to a cruise line we do not serve or if it is retired from service. While we attempt to plan appropriately for the scheduled removal from service of ships we serve, unexpected removals from service of ships we serve can hamper the efficient distribution of our shipboard personnel, in addition to causing unexpected reductions in our shipboard revenues.

The cruise lines’ capacity has grown in recent years and is expected to continue to grow over the next few years as new ships are introduced. In order to utilize the new capacity, it is likely that the cruise industry will need to increase its share of the overall vacation market. In order to increase that market share, cruise lines may be required to offer discounted fares to prospective passengers, which would have the potentially adverse effects on us described above.

We Are Required to Make Minimum Payments under Our Agreements and May Face Increasing Payments to Cruise Lines and Owners of Our Destination Resort Health and Wellness Centers

We are obligated to make minimum annual payments to certain cruise lines and owners of our land-based venues regardless of the amount of revenues we receive from customers. We may also be required to make such minimum annual payments under any future agreements into which we enter. Accordingly, we could be obligated to pay more in minimum payments than the amount we collect from customers. As of December 31, 2020, these payments were required by four of the agreements for our destination resort health and wellness centers.

As of December 31, 2020, we guaranteed total minimum payments to owners of our land-based venues of approximately $3.2 million in the aggregate for 2021. Upon resumption of cruising and as we renew or enter into new agreements with cruise lines and land-based venues, we may experience increases in such required payments.

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We Depend on the Continued Viability of the Ships and Destination Resort Health and Wellness Centers We Serve

Our revenues from our shipboard guests and guests at our destination resort health and wellness centers can only be generated if the ships and land-based venues we serve are open for business and continue to operate. Historically, some smaller cruise lines we served have ceased operating for economic reasons. We cannot be assured of the continued viability of any of the land-based venues (including our ability to protect our investments in build-outs of health and wellness centers) or cruise lines that we serve, particularly in the event of recurrence of the more severe aspects of the economic slowdown experienced in certain prior years, which may occur due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To the extent that cruise lines or land-based venues we serve, or could potentially serve in the future, cease to operate all or a portion of their operations, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Increased Costs Could Adversely Impact our Financial Results

To date we have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs until COVID-19 is contained relating to transportation, including repatriation, of our staff and hygiene-related protocols in our services that are mandated by government authorities or other international authorities. In addition, we expect that the industry as a whole will be subject to enhanced health and hygiene requirements with respect to COVID-19 and to counteract future outbreaks, which requirements may be costly and take a significant amount of time to implement across our global fleet cruise operations.

The currently existing restrictions on air travel and immigration due to the impacts of COVID-19, coupled with government mandated social-distancing norms, could increase transportation costs in the future. In addition to the adverse effects described above, periods of higher fuel costs in the future can adversely affect us directly. We depend on commercial airlines for the transportation of our shipboard employees to and from the ships we serve and, as a result, we pay for a relatively large number of flights for these employees each year. During times of higher fuel costs, such as those experienced in certain prior years, airfares, including those applicable to the transportation of our employees, have been increased by the airlines we have utilized. Additionally, increased fuel costs could also add to the costs of delivery of our products to the ships we serve and other destinations in the future. Higher fuel charges also increase the cost to consumers of transportation to cruise ship destination ports and to venues where we operate our destination resort health and wellness centers, and also increase the cost of utilities at our destination resort health and wellness centers. Periods of increasing fuel costs would likely cause these transportation costs to correspondingly increase. Extended periods of increased airfares could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Increases in prices of other commodities utilized by us in our business could adversely affect us. For example, in certain prior years, as a result of increases in the cost of cotton, the cost to us of linens and uniforms utilized in our operations has increased. Our land-based health and wellness operations also have experienced an increase in the cost of electrical utilities. Increases in minimum wage obligations in jurisdictions where we employ personnel have also affected us directly and could adversely impact our results of operation and financial condition.

We Depend on Our Key Officers and Qualified Employees

In order to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we repatriated all of our cruise ship personnel, certain of which personnel have returned to work on the one vessel sailing as of December 31, 2020, furloughed 96% of U.S. and Caribbean-based destination resort spa personnel and subsequently terminated the employment of 66% of such personnel, and implemented furloughs, terminations of employment, or salary reductions for all corporate personnel.

Our ability to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 and our continued success will depend to a significant extent on our senior executive officers, including Leonard Fluxman, our Executive Chairman, Glenn Fusfield, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Stephen Lazarus, our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. The unanticipated loss of the services of any of these persons or other key management personnel, due to illness, resignation or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our business. As previously announced, Mr. Fusfield will be retiring from his position as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective March 31, 2021 and will continue to serve as a non-employee director of the Company until the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Our future success after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides is dependent on our ability to recruit and retain personnel qualified to perform our services. Shipboard employees typically are employed pursuant to agreements with terms of nine months. Our land-based health and wellness employees generally are employed without contracts, on an at-will basis. Other providers of shipboard health and wellness services compete with us for shipboard personnel. We also compete with destination resort health and wellness centers and other employers for our shipboard and land-based health and wellness personnel. After the effects of COVID-19 are controlled, and after we resume our operations, we may not be able to assemble a sufficient number of employees possessing the requisite training and skills necessary to conduct our business. Our inability to attract a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future to provide our services and products could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, due to the impacts of COVID-19, the immigration approval processes in the United States has experienced severe backlog and may in the future proceed at a slower pace than previously had been the case. Since many of our shipboard employees are not United States citizens, exacerbation

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of this trend of immigration restrictions caused by COVID-19 could adversely affect our ability to meet our shipboard staffing needs on a timely basis.

Almost all of our shipboard personnel come from jurisdictions outside the United States. Due to the restrictions on international travel and immigration caused by COVID-19, our ability to obtain non-United States shipboard employees in the future will be subject to regulations in certain countries from which we source a number of our employees and, in the case of one country, control by an employment company that acts on behalf of employees and potential employees from that country. In addition, in that country, we are required to deal with local employment companies to facilitate the hiring of employees. Our ability to obtain shipboard employees from those countries on economic terms that are acceptable to us may be hampered by our inability to enter into an acceptable agreement with the applicable local employment company.

In addition, the various jurisdictions where we operate our health and wellness centers have their own licensing or similar requirements applicable to our employees, which could affect our ability to open new health and wellness centers on a timely basis or adequately staff existing health and wellness centers. The ship we serve that is United States-based also is subject to United States labor law requirements that can result in delays in obtaining adequate staffing.

Possible Adverse Changes in United States or Foreign Tax Laws or Changes in Our Business Could Increase Our Taxes

Background

We are a Bahamas international business company (“IBC”) that owns, among other entities, OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) Limited (formerly known as Steiner Transocean Limited) (“OneSpaWorld (Bahamas)”), our principal subsidiary and a Bahamas IBC that conducts our shipboard operations, primarily outside United States waters (which constitutes most of our shipboard activities), and One Spa World LLC, a Florida limited liability company that performs administrative services in connection with our operations in exchange for fees from OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) and other subsidiaries.

We also own, directly or indirectly, the shares of additional subsidiaries organized in the United States, the United Kingdom and other taxable jurisdictions, as well as subsidiaries organized in jurisdictions that do not subject the subsidiaries to taxation.

Currently, we and our non-United States subsidiaries are not subject to Bahamas income tax or other (including United States federal) income tax, except as set forth below. Our United States subsidiaries are subject to United States federal income tax as a consolidated group at a regular corporate rate of 21%. Generally, any dividends paid by our United States holding company to its parent, are subject to a 30% United States withholding tax. Other than as described below, we believe that none of the income generated by our non-United States subsidiaries should be effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States and, accordingly, that such income should not be subject to United States federal income tax.

A foreign corporation generally is subject to United States federal corporate income tax at a rate of 21% on its taxable income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States (“effectively connected income” or “ECI”). A foreign corporation also can be subject to a branch profits tax of 30% imposed on “dividend equivalent amounts” of its after-tax earnings that are ECI.

ECI may include any type of income from sources within the United States (“U.S.-source income”), but only limited types of income from sources without the United States (“foreign-source income”). OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) has three types of income: income from the provision of health and wellness services, income from the sales of health and wellness products and income from leasing (at rates determined on an arm’s length basis) our shipboard employees and space to a United States subsidiary that performs health and wellness services and sells health and wellness products while the ships are in United States waters and pays OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) the amounts referenced above (the “U.S. Waters Activities”).

We believe that most of OneSpaWorld (Bahamas)’s shipboard income should be treated as foreign-source income under the U.S. Treasury Department regulations for determining the source of such income (the “source rule regulations”). This belief is based on the following:

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To the extent that our belief about the source of OneSpaWorld (Bahamas)’s shipboard income is correct, such income would not be ECI because such income is income of a character (compensation for services, gains on sales of certain property, and rental income from the lease of tangible property) that cannot be treated as ECI unless it is treated as U.S.-source income.

The Risks to OneSpaWorld

Under United States Treasury Department regulations, as of January 1, 2007, all or a portion of OneSpaWorld (Bahamas)’s income for periods commencing on or after that date could be subject to United States federal income tax at a rate of up to 35% with respect to income earned prior to January 1, 2018 and 21% with respect to income earned thereafter:

If OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) were considered to be a controlled foreign corporation (“CFC”) for purposes of the source rule regulations, any of its shipboard income would be considered U.S.-source income and would be subject to United States federal income tax unless such income is attributable to functions performed, resources employed or risks assumed in a foreign country or countries.

A foreign corporation is a CFC if more than 50% of (i) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or (ii) the total value of the stock of such corporation is owned or considered as owned by “United States shareholders” (“U.S. shareholders”) on any day during the taxable year of such corporation. A “U.S. Shareholder,” generally, means a “United States person” (“U.S. person”) who owns directly, indirectly or constructively at least 10% of the voting power or value of the stock of a foreign corporation. A “U.S. person” is a citizen or resident of the United States, a domestic partnership, a domestic corporation, any domestic estate or a trust over which a United States court is able to exercise administrative supervision and over which one or more U.S. persons have authority to control all substantial decisions.

Under certain “downward attribution” rules made applicable by a provision of Pub. L. No. 115-97, enacted December 22, 2017 (known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (“TCJA”)), to determine the CFC status of a foreign corporate subsidiary of a foreign parent corporation that also has a U.S. subsidiary, the foreign subsidiary may in certain circumstances be treated as a CFC based solely on its brother-sister relationship to the U.S. subsidiary. However, on September 22, 2020, the Federal Register published an amendment to the source rule regulations (the “2020 amendment”), providing that for purposes of that regulation, the status of a foreign corporation as a CFC or not is determined without regard to the above-mentioned provision of the TCJA. The 2020 amendment applies to taxable years of foreign corporations ending on or after October 1, 2019. For taxable years of foreign corporations ending before October 1, 2019, a taxpayer may apply such provisions to the last taxable year of a foreign corporation beginning before January 1, 2018, and each subsequent taxable year of the foreign corporation, provided that the taxpayer and U.S. persons that are related (within the meaning of section 267 or 707) to the taxpayer consistently apply such provisions with respect to all foreign corporations.

Accordingly, solely for purposes of the source rule regulations, we believe that OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) should not be characterized as a CFC. This should allow us to treat most of our shipboard income, which is earned by a foreign corporation that would not be a CFC but for the TCJA provision referred to above, to be foreign source income to the same extent as income earned by a foreign corporation that is not a CFC.

If OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) is subject to United States federal income tax (at a rate of 21%) on its income that is ECI, it also would be subject to a branch profits tax of 30% on its annual dividend equivalent amount (a measure of its after-tax earnings that are considered to be withdrawn, from its United States business).

Certain non-United States jurisdictions may also assert that OneSpaWorld (Bahamas)’s income is subject to their income tax.

Some of our United Kingdom, Bahamas and United States subsidiaries provide goods and/or services to us and certain of our other subsidiaries. The United Kingdom or United States tax authorities may assert that some or all of these transactions do not contain arm’s length terms. In that event, income or deductions could be reallocated among our subsidiaries in a manner that could increase the United Kingdom or United States tax on us. This reallocation also could result in the imposition of interest and penalties.

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We cannot assure you that the tax laws on which we have relied to minimize our income taxes will remain unchanged in the future.

Our land-based operations, the income from which is generally taxable, have significantly increased and we intend to consider land-based opportunities in the future (though we cannot assure you that we will be successful in finding appropriate opportunities). To the extent that we are able to effectively implement this strategy, the amount of our income that is subject to tax would increase.

The Success of Health and Wellness Centers Depends on the Hospitality Industry

We are dependent on the hospitality industry for the success of destination resort centers. The public concern over the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with a drop in demand for international travel and leisure, and restrictions on international travel and immigration have adversely affected the hospitality industry. To the extent that consumers do not choose to stay at venues where we operate health and wellness centers, over which we have no control, our business, operations, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The considerations described above regarding the effects of adverse economic conditions on the cruise industry apply similarly to the hospitality industry, including the destination resorts where we have operations. Periods of economic slowdown result in reduced destination resort occupancy rates and decreased spending by destination resort guests, including at the destination resorts where we operate health and wellness centers. The recurrence of challenging economic conditions, as well as instances of increased fuel costs, which have occurred in certain prior years, could result in lower destination resort occupancy, which would have a direct, adverse effect on the number of destination resort guests that purchase our health and wellness services and products at the venues in question. Accordingly, such lower occupancy rates at the destination resorts we serve could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The following are other risks related to the hospitality industry:

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We Compete with Passenger Activity Alternatives

We compete with passenger activity alternatives on cruise ships and with competing providers of services and products similar to our services and products seeking agreements with cruise lines. Casinos, bars and a variety of shops are found on almost all of the ships served by us. In addition, ships dock in ports which provide opportunities for additional shopping as well as other activities that compete with us for passenger attention and disposable income, and cruise ships are increasingly offering itineraries providing for greater numbers of port days. Cruise ships also typically offer swimming pools and other recreational facilities and activities, as well as musical and other entertainment, all without additional charge to the passengers. Certain cruise lines we formerly served have engaged the services of third parties or their own personnel for the operation of the health and wellness centers for all or some of their ships. Additional cruise lines could take similar actions in the future. In addition, there are certain other entities offering services in the cruise industry similar to those provided by us and we may not be able to serve new cruise ships that come into service and that are not covered by our cruise line agreements.

Many of the land-based venues that we serve or may serve in the future offer recreational entertainment facilities and activities similar to those offered on cruise ships, often without additional charge to guests. A number of the hotels we serve also offer casino gambling. These activities and facilities compete with us for customer time and disposable income. Our destination resort health and wellness centers also compete with other health and wellness centers in their vicinities, as well as with other beauty, relaxation or other therapeutic alternatives. These include salons that offer these services at prices significantly lower than those charged by us. We believe, however, that the prices charged by us are appropriate for the quality of the experience we provide in our respective markets. In addition, we also compete, both for customers and for contracts with hotels, with health and wellness centers and beauty salons owned or operated by companies that have offered their destination resort health and wellness services longer than we have, some of which enjoy greater name recognition with customers and prospective customers than health and wellness centers operated by us. Also, a number of these health and wellness center operators may have greater resources than we do. Further, some hotel operators provide health and wellness services themselves. If we are unable to compete effectively in one or more areas of our operations, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Non-U.S. Operations and Hostilities

The cruise lines we serve operate in waters and call on ports throughout the world and our destination resort health and wellness centers are located in a variety of countries. Operating internationally exposes us to a number of risks, including increased exposure to a wider range of regional and local economic conditions, volatile local political conditions, potential changes in duties and taxes, including changing and/or uncertain interpretations of existing tax laws and regulations, required compliance with additional laws and policies affecting cruising, vacation or maritime businesses or governing the operations of foreign-based companies, currency fluctuations, interest rate movements, difficulties in operating under local business environments, port quality and availability in certain regions, U.S. and global anti-bribery laws or regulations, imposition of trade barriers and restrictions on repatriation of earnings.

Operating globally also exposes us to numerous and sometimes conflicting legal, regulatory and tax requirements. In many parts of the world, including countries in which we operate, practices in the local business communities might not conform to international business standards. We must adhere to policies designed to promote legal and regulatory compliance as well as applicable laws and regulations. However, we might not be successful in ensuring that our employees, agents, representatives and other third parties with whom we associate throughout the world properly adhere to them. Failure by us, our employees or any of these third parties to adhere to our policies or applicable laws or regulations could result in penalties, sanctions, damage to our reputation and related costs which in turn could negatively affect our results of operations and cash flows.

As a global operator, our business may also be impacted by changes in U.S. policy or priorities in areas such as trade, immigration and/or environmental or labor regulations, among others. Depending on the nature and scope of any such changes, they could impact our domestic and international business operations. Any such changes, and any international response to them, could potentially introduce new barriers to passenger or crew travel and/or cross border transactions, impact our guest experience and/or increase our operating costs.

The waters and countries in which we operate include geographic regions that, from time to time, experience political and civil unrest and armed hostilities. Political unrest in areas where we operate health and wellness centers also has adversely affected our operations and continued political unrest in the Middle East has adversely affected the travel industry in that region. The threat of additional attacks and of armed hostilities internationally or locally may cause prospective travelers to cancel their plans, including plans for cruise or land-based venue vacations. Weaker cruise industry and land-based venue performance could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Severe Weather Can Disrupt Our Operations

Our operations may be impacted by adverse weather patterns or other natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, fires, tornados, tsunamis, typhoons and volcanic eruptions. Most scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere may produce climate changes that could have significant physical effects, such as

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increased frequency and severity of hurricanes, storms, droughts, floods, and other climatic events. It is possible that cruises we serve could be forced to alter itineraries or cancel a cruise or a series of cruises or tours due to these or other factors. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods and typhoons, may not only cause disruption, alteration, or cancellation of cruises and closures of destination resort health and wellness centers but may also adversely impact commercial airline flights and other transport or prevent certain individuals from electing to utilize our offerings altogether. In addition, these extreme weather conditions could result in increased wave and wind activity, which would make it more challenging to sail and dock ships and could cause sea/motion sickness among guests and crew on the ships we serve. These events could have an adverse impact on the safety and satisfaction of cruising and could have an adverse impact on our net revenue yields and profitability. Additionally, these extreme weather conditions could impact our ability to provide our cruise products and services as well as to obtain insurance coverage for operations in such areas at reasonable rates.

Risk of Early Termination of Land-Based Health and Wellness Center Agreements

A number of our land-based health and wellness center agreements provide that landlords may terminate the agreement prior to its expiration date (provided, in some cases, that we receive certain compensation with respect to our build-out expenses and earnings lost as a result of such termination). While we always attempt to negotiate the best deal we can in this regard, we may not be able to successfully negotiate a termination fee in any of our future agreements or that any amounts we would receive in connection with such termination accurately reflects the economic value of the assets we would be leaving behind as a result of such termination. In addition, in the event of certain terminations of an agreement with a land-based venue, such as by the venue operator after our breach of an agreement, or as a result of the bankruptcy of a venue, even if we have a provision in our agreement providing for a termination payment, we could receive no compensation with respect to build-out expenditures we have incurred.

We also attempt to obtain terms in our land-based health and wellness center agreements that protect us in the event that the lessor’s lender forecloses and takes over the property in question. However, we cannot always obtain such protective “non-disturbance” terms. In the event that the lender to a land-based venue owner under an agreement where no such non-disturbance term is included forecloses on that property, our agreement could be terminated prior to the expiration of its term. In such case, in addition to the loss of income from that health and wellness center, we could lose the residual value of any investment we made to build out that facility.

Delays in New Ship Introductions Could Slow Our Growth

Our growth depends, in part, on our serving new cruise ships brought into service. A number of cruise lines we serve have experienced in the past and recently, and could experience in the future, delays in bringing new ships into service. In addition, there is a limited number of shipyards in the world capable of constructing large cruise ships in accordance with the standards of major cruise lines. This also may contribute to delays in new ship construction. Such delays could slow our growth and have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in and Compliance with Laws and Regulations Relating to Environment, Health, Safety, Security, Data Privacy and Protection, Tax and Anti-Corruption Under Which We Operate May Lead to Litigation, Enforcement Actions, Fines, or Penalties

We are subject to numerous international, national, state and local laws, regulations and treaties, including social issues, health and safety (including related to the COVID-19 pandemic), security, data privacy and protection, and tax, among other matters. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations, treaties and agreements has led and could lead to enforcement actions, fines, civil or criminal penalties or the assertion of litigation claims and damages. COVID-19 will increase regulatory and partner requirements exposing us to risks and uncertainties in connection with our ability to develop strategies to enhance our health and safety protocols to adapt to the current pandemic environment’s unique challenges once operations resume and to otherwise safely resume our operations when conditions allow. We will be required to coordinate and cooperate with the CDC, U.S. and other nation governments, and global public health authorities to take precautions to protect the health, safety and security of guests and shipboard personnel and implement certain precautions once operations resume in the future. New legislation, regulations or treaties, or changes thereto, could impact our operations and would likely subject us to increased compliance costs in the future. We could also be subject to litigation alleging non-compliance with the new legislation. In addition, training of crew may become more time consuming and may increase our operating costs due to increasing regulatory and other requirements.

Environmental laws and regulations or liabilities arising from past or future releases of, or exposure to, hazardous substances or vessel discharges, including ballast water and waste disposal, could materially adversely affect our business, profitability and financial condition. Some environmental groups have lobbied for more stringent regulation of cruise ships. Various agencies and regulatory organizations have enacted or are considering new regulations or policies, such as stricter emission limits to reduce greenhouse gas effects, which could adversely impact the cruise industry.

Our guest and employee relationships provide us with access to sensitive data. We are subject to laws and requirements related to the treatment and protection of such sensitive data. We may be subject to legal liability and reputational damage if we do not comply with data privacy and protection regulations. Various governments, agencies and regulatory organizations have enacted and

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are considering new regulations and implementation of rules for existing regulations. Additional requirements could negatively impact our ability to market cruises to consumers and increase our costs.

We are subject to the European Union (“EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which came into effect in May 2018 and imposes significant obligations to businesses that sell products or services to EU customers or otherwise control or process personal data of EU residents. Should we violate or not comply with the GDPR, or any other applicable laws or regulations, contractual requirements relating to data security and privacy, either intentionally or unintentionally, or through the acts of intermediaries, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as subject us to significant fines, litigation, losses, third-party damages and other liabilities.

We are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by tax authorities in the jurisdictions where we operate. There can be no assurance that the outcome from these examinations will not adversely affect our profitability.

As budgetary constraints continue to adversely impact the jurisdictions in which we operate, increases in income or other taxes affecting our operations may be imposed. Some social activist groups have lobbied for more taxation on income generated by cruise companies. Certain groups have also generated negative publicity for us. In recent years, certain members of the U.S. Congress have proposed various forms of legislation that would result in higher taxation on income generated by cruise companies.

Our global operations subject us to potential liability under anti-corruption, economic sanctions, and other laws and regulations. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the UK Bribery Act and other anti-corruption laws and regulations (“Anti-Corruption Laws”) prohibit corrupt payments by our employees, vendors, or agents. While we devote substantial resources to our global compliance programs and have implemented policies, training, and internal controls designed to reduce the risk of corrupt payments, our employees, vendors, or agents may violate our policies. Our failure to comply with Anti-Corruption Laws could result in significant fines and penalties, criminal sanctions against us, our officers, or our employees, prohibitions or limitations on the conduct of our business, and damage to our reputation. Operations outside the U.S. may also be affected by changes in economic sanctions, trade protection laws, policies, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment. We may be subject to legal liability and reputational damage if we improperly sell goods or otherwise operate improperly in areas subject to economic sanctions such as Crimea, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Sudan, and Syria, or if we improperly engage in business transactions with persons subject to economic sanctions.

These various international laws and regulations could lead and have led to enforcement actions, fines, civil or criminal penalties or the assertion of litigation claims and damages. In addition, improper conduct by our employees or agents could damage our reputation and lead to litigation or legal proceedings that could result in significant awards or settlements to plaintiffs and civil or criminal penalties, including substantial monetary fines. Such events could lead to an adverse impact on our financial condition or profitability, even if the monetary damage is mitigated by our insurance coverage.

As a result of ship or other incidents, litigation claims, enforcement actions and regulatory actions and investigations, including, without limitation, those arising from personal injury, loss of life, loss of or damage to personal property, business interruption losses or environmental damage to any affected coastal waters and the surrounding areas, may be asserted or brought against various parties, including us. The time and attention of our management may also be diverted in defending such claims, actions and investigations. We may also incur costs both in defending against any claims, actions and investigations and for any judgments, fines, or civil or criminal penalties if such claims, actions or investigations are adversely determined and not covered by our insurance policies.

We Could be Subject to Governmental Investigations or Penalties, Legal Proceedings, Litigation, and Class Actions Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic that Could Adversely Impact our Reputation, Financial Condition, and Results of Operations

Legal proceedings or litigation against us related to the COVID-19 pandemic brought by our employees, customers, cruise line partners, resort partners, shareholders, creditors or others could lead to tangible adverse effects on our business, including damages payments, payments under settlement agreements and fines.

Disagreements with our cruise line or destination resort partners could also result in litigation. The nature of our responsibilities under our agreements with cruise line and destination resort partners enforce the standards required for our brands and may be subject to interpretation and will from time to time give rise to disagreements, which may include disagreements over the need for payments, reimbursements and other costs. Such disagreements may be more likely during difficult business environments, such as the one we have seen in recent months due to the adverse impacts of COVID-19. We seek to resolve any disagreements to develop and maintain positive relations with current and potential cruise line and destination resort partners, but we cannot provide assurance that we can always do so. Failure to resolve such disagreements may result in litigation in the future. If any such litigation results in an adverse judgment, settlement, or court order, we could suffer significant losses, our profits could be reduced, or our future ability to operate our business could be constrained.

While payments under some claims and lawsuits, or settlements of claims and lawsuits, may be covered by insurance such that

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the maximum amount of our liability, net of any insurance recoverable, could be typically limited to our self-insurance retention levels, the position that insurance companies will take with respect to claims related to COVID-19 is uncertain.

Product Liability and Other Potential Claims Could Adversely Affect Us

The nature and use of our products and services could give rise to liability if a customer were injured while receiving one of our services. Guests at our health and wellness centers could be injured, among other things, in connection with their use of our fitness equipment, sauna facilities or other facilities. If any of these events occurred, we could incur substantial litigation expense and be required to make payments in connection with settlements of claims or as a result of judgments against us.

We maintain insurance to cover a number of risks associated with our business. While we seek to obtain comprehensive insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates, we cannot be certain that appropriate insurance will be available to us in the future on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our insurance policies are subject to coverage limit, exclusions and deductible levels and are subject to non-renewal upon termination at the option of the applicable insurance company. Our inability to obtain insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates for the potential liabilities that we face could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in connection with insured claims, we bear the risks associated with the fact that insurers often control decisions relating to pre-trial settlement of claims and other significant aspects of claims and their decisions may prove to not be in our best interest in all cases.

We believe that our current coverage is adequate to protect us against most of the significant risks involved in the conduct of our business, but we self-insure or use higher deductibles for various risks. Accordingly, we are not protected against all risks (including failures by third-party service providers such as insurance brokers to fulfill their duties), which could result in unexpected increases in our expenses in the event of certain claims against us.

If the types of services we offer increase, the potential for claims against us also could increase. We self-insure potential claims regarding certain of our medi-spa services. High visibility claims also could cause us to receive adverse publicity and suffer a loss of sales, and, therefore, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected in such cases. We are, and may in the future be, subject to other legal proceedings, including claims presented as class actions. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcome of individual matters. It is reasonably possible that the final resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our Indebtedness Could Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Ability to Operate and We May Incur Additional Debt

As of December 31, 2020, we have $234.5 million of secured indebtedness under our First Lien Term Loan Facility and Second Lien Term Loan Facility, and our First Lien Revolving Facility (collectively, the “Credit Facilities”). Our debt level and the terms of our financing arrangements could adversely affect our financial condition and limit our ability to successfully implement our growth strategies. In addition, under the Credit Facilities, certain of our direct and indirect subsidiaries have granted the lenders a security interest in substantially all of their assets. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by the other risk factors described herein. If we do not generate enough cash flow to pay our debt service obligations, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell our assets, borrow more money or raise equity. We may not be able to take any of these actions on a timely basis, on terms satisfactory to us, or at all.

The Credit Facilities bear interest at variable rates. If market interest rates increase, variable rate debt will create higher debt service requirements, which could adversely affect our cash flow.

Our Credit Facilities Contain Financial and Other Covenants. The Failure to Comply with Such Covenants Could Have An Adverse Effect on Us

Our Credit Facilities contain certain financial covenants and a number of traditional negative covenants, including limitations on our ability to, among other things, incur and/or undertake asset sales and other dispositions, liens, indebtedness, certain acquisitions, and investments, consolidations, mergers, reorganizations and other fundamental changes, payment of dividends and other distributions to equity and warrant holders and prepayments of material subordinated debt, in each case, subject to customary exceptions. Any failure to comply with the restrictions of the Credit Facilities, including any failure to comply with certain financial covenants due to the negative effects of COVID-19 on our revenue and results of operations, may result in an event of default under the agreements. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Credit Facilities are entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the Credit Facilities and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor, subject to customary intercreditor provisions among the first and second lien secured parties.

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Our First and Second Lien Term Facilities Are Tied to LIBOR

The London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”), is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans globally. Our current portfolio of debt and financial instruments currently tied to LIBOR consists of the Company’s First and Second Lien Term Facilities. On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear if at that time whether or not LIBOR will cease to exist, or if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021 or if replacement conventions will be developed. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, is considering replacing U.S. Dollar LIBOR with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by Treasury securities (“SOFR”). SOFR is observed and backward-looking, which stands in contrast with LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate and relies, to some degree, on the expert judgment of submitting panel members. Given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it will be a rate that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR). Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement tool remains in question. As such, the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. At this time, due to a lack of consensus as to what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on our liquidity. However, if LIBOR ceases to exist, we may need to renegotiate certain of our financing agreements that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate to replace LIBOR with the new standard that is established. As of December 31, 2020, we had $234.5 million in outstanding indebtedness tied to LIBOR.

If We Are Unable to Execute Our Growth Strategies, Including Our Ability to Offer and Integrate New Services and Products, Our Business Could Be Adversely Affected

The demands of consumers with respect to health and wellness services and products continue to evolve. Among other things, there is a continuing trend to add services at health and wellness centers similar to those traditionally provided in medical facilities, including services relating to skin care. If we are unable to identify and capture new audiences, our ability to successfully integrate additional services and products will be adversely affected. Our ability to provide certain additional services depends on our ability to find appropriate third parties with whom to work in connection with these services and, in certain cases, could be dependent on our ability to fund substantial costs. We cannot assure that we will be able to find such appropriate third parties or be able to fund such costs. We also cannot assure that we will be able to continue to expand our health and wellness services sufficiently to keep up with consumer demand. Accordingly, we may not be able to successfully implement our growth strategies or continue to maintain sales at our current rate, or at all. If we fail to implement our growth strategies, our revenue and profitability may be negatively impacted, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Business Could Be Adversely Affected if We Are Unable to Successfully Protect Our Trademarks or Obtain New Trademarks

The market for our services and products depends to a significant extent upon the value associated with our brand names. Although we take appropriate steps to protect our brand names, in the future, we may not be successful in asserting trademark protection in connection with our efforts to grow our business or otherwise due to the nature of certain of our marks or for other reasons. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. The costs required to protect our trademarks and trade names may be substantial. If other parties infringe on our intellectual property rights, the value of our brands in the marketplace may be diluted. In addition, any infringement of our intellectual property rights would likely result in a commitment of our time and resources to protect these rights through litigation or otherwise. One or more adverse judgments with respect to these intellectual property rights could negatively impact our ability to compete and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We Are Subject to Currency Risk

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates compared to the U.S. Dollar can impact our results of operations, most significantly because we pay for the administration of recruitment and training of our shipboard personnel in U.K. Pounds Sterling and Euros. Accordingly, while the relative strength of the U.S. Dollar has improved recently, renewed weakness of the U.S. Dollar against those currencies can adversely affect our results of operations, as has occurred in some recent years. To the extent that the U.K. Pound Sterling or the Euro is stronger than the U.S. Dollar, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We May Be Exposed to the Threat of Cyber Attacks and/or Data Breaches

Cyberattacks can vary in scope and intent from economically driven attacks to malicious attacks targeting our key operating systems with the intent to disrupt, disable or otherwise cripple our maritime and/or land-based operations. This can include any combination of phishing attacks, malware and/or viruses targeted at our key systems. The breadth and scope of this threat has grown over time, and the techniques and sophistication used to conduct cyberattacks, as well as the sources and targets of the attacks, change

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frequently. While we invest time, effort and capital resources to secure our key systems and networks, we cannot provide assurance that we will be successful in preventing or responding to all such attacks.

A successful cyberattack may target us directly, or may be the result of a third-party vendor’s inadequate care. In either scenario, we may suffer damage to our key systems and/or data that could interrupt our operations, adversely impact our reputation and brand and expose us to increased risks of governmental investigation, litigation and other liability, any of which could adversely affect our business. Furthermore, responding to such an attack and mitigating the risk of future attacks could result in additional operating and capital costs in systems technology, personnel, monitoring and other investments.

Even if we are fully compliant with legal and/or industry standards and any relevant contractual requirements, we still may not be able to prevent security breaches involving sensitive data and/or critical systems. Any breach, theft, loss, or fraudulent use of guest, employee, third-party or company data, could adversely impact our reputation and brand and our ability to retain or attract new customers, and expose us to risks of data loss, business disruption, governmental investigation, litigation and other liability, any of which could adversely affect our business. Significant capital investments and other expenditures could be required to remedy the problem and prevent future breaches, including costs associated with additional security technologies, personnel, experts and credit monitoring services for those whose data has been breached. Further, if we or our vendors experience significant data security breaches or fail to detect and appropriately respond to significant data security breaches, we could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

Changes in Privacy Law Could Adversely Affect Our Ability to Market Our Services Effectively

Our ability to market our services effectively is an important component of our business. We rely on a variety of direct marketing techniques, including telemarketing, email marketing, and direct mail. Any further restrictions under laws such as the Telemarketing Sales Rule, the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, the GDPR, and various United States state laws or new federal laws regarding marketing and solicitation, or international data protection laws that govern these activities, could adversely affect the continuing effectiveness of telemarketing, email, and postal mailing techniques and could force further changes in our marketing strategy. If this were to occur, we may be unable to develop adequate alternative marketing strategies, which could impact our ability to effectively market and sell our services.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

Steiner Leisure Owns a Significant Portion of Our Shares and Has Representation on Our Board; Steiner Leisure May Have Interests That Differ from Those of Other Shareholders

Approximately 33% of our common shares are beneficially owned by Steiner Leisure. Two of our directors were nominated by Steiner Leisure, and as a result, Steiner Leisure may be able to significantly influence the outcome of matters submitted for director action, subject to our directors’ obligation to act in the interest of all of our shareholders, and for shareholder action, including the designation and appointment of the OneSpaWorld Board of Directors (and committees thereof) and approval of significant corporate transactions, including business combinations, consolidations and mergers. The influence of Steiner Leisure over our management could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which could cause the market price of our common shares to decline or prevent our shareholders from realizing a premium over the market price for our common shares.

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Under the “Business Opportunities” section of our Third Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and Second Amended and Restated Articles of Association (our “Articles”), among other things, we have renounced any interest or expectancy of us or our subsidiaries being offered an opportunity to participate in any potential transaction opportunities available to Steiner Leisure and certain of its affiliates and related parties, such parties have no obligation to communicate or offer such potential transaction opportunities to us, and such parties will have no duty to refrain from engaging in the same or similar businesses as us. Prospective investors in our common shares should consider that the interests of Steiner Leisure may differ from their interests in material respects.

If We Fail to Maintain an Effective System of Internal Control over Financial Reporting, We May Not Be Able to Accurately Report Our Financial Results or Prevent Fraud; as a Result, Shareholders Could Lose Confidence in Our Financial and Other Public Reporting, Which Is Likely to Negatively Affect Our Business and the Market Price of Our Common Shares

Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in our implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, any testing conducted by us, or any testing conducted by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal controls over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses or that may require prospective or retroactive changes to our financial statements or identify other areas for further attention or improvement. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which is likely to negatively affect our business and the market price of our shares.

We are required to disclose changes made in our internal controls and procedures on a quarterly basis and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of these controls annually. However, for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We could be an “emerging growth company” for up to five years following the date we became a public company, until 2024. In the event we satisfy certain requirements, including, without limitation, qualifying as a “large accelerated filer” due the aggregate market value of our common shares held by non-affiliates exceeding $700 million, our independent registered public accounting firm would be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management’s assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur the expense of remediation.

The Market Price and Trading Volume of Our Common Shares Has Been and May Continue to Be Volatile

The market price and trading volume of our common shares may be volatile and could decline significantly, as has recently happened as a result of COVID-19 and related economic uncertainty. We cannot assure that the market price of our common shares will not fluctuate widely or decline significantly in the future in response to a number of factors, including, without limitation, the following:

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In the past, securities class-action litigation has been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their shares. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, materially adversely impacting our business, operations, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

If Securities or Industry Analysts Do Not Publish Research, Publish Inaccurate or Unfavorable Research or Cease Publishing Research About Us, Our Share Price and Trading Volume Could Decline Significantly

The market for our common shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade their opinions about our business or our common shares, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, or cease publishing about us regularly, demand for our common shares could decrease, which might cause our share price and trading volume to decline significantly.

Future Issuances of Debt Securities and/or Equity Securities May Adversely Affect Us, Including the Market Price of Our Common Shares, and May Be Dilutive to Our Existing Shareholders

In the future, we may incur debt and/or issue equity ranking senior to our common shares. Those securities will generally have priority upon liquidation. Such securities also may be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common shares. Because our decision to issue debt and/or equity in the future will depend, in part, on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, nature or success of our future capital raising efforts. As a result, future capital raising efforts may reduce the market price of our common shares and be dilutive to our existing shareholders.

You May Have Difficulty Enforcing Judgments Against Us

We are an international business company incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. A substantial portion of our assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to:

It is unlikely that Bahamian courts would entertain original actions against Bahamian companies, their directors or officers predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws. The Bahamian courts may apply any rule of Bahamian law which is mandatory irrespective of the governing law and may refuse to apply a rule of such governing law of the relevant documents, if it is manifestly incompatible with the public policy of The Bahamas. Furthermore, judgments based upon any civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws are not directly enforceable in The Bahamas. Rather, a lawsuit must be brought in The Bahamas on any such judgment. The courts of The Bahamas would recognize a U.S. judgment as a valid judgment, and permit the same to provide the basis of a fresh action in The Bahamas and should give a judgment based thereon without there being a re-trial or reconsideration of the merits of the case provided that (i) the courts in the United States had proper jurisdiction under Bahamian conflict of law rules over the parties subject to such judgment, (ii) the judgment is for a debt or definite sum of money other than a sum payable in respect of taxes or charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or penalty, (iii) the U.S. courts did not contravene the rules of natural justice of The Bahamas, (iv) the judgment was not obtained by fraud on the part of the party in whose favor the judgment was given or of the court pronouncing it, (v) the enforcement of such judgment would not be contrary to the public policy of The Bahamas, (vi) the correct procedures under the laws of The Bahamas are duly complied with, (vii) the judgment is not inconsistent with a prior Bahamian judgment in respect of the same matter and (viii) enforcement proceedings are instituted within six years after the date of such judgment.

Certain Provisions in Our Articles May Limit Shareholders’ Ability to Affect a Change in Management or Control

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Our Articles include certain provisions which may have the effect of delaying or preventing a future takeover or change in control of us that shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. Among other things, our Articles provide for a classified Board serving staggered terms of three years, super majority voting requirements with respect to certain significant transactions and restrictions on the acquisition of greater than 9.99% ownership without our Board’s approval. Our equity plans and our officers’ employment agreements provide certain rights to plan participants and those officers, respectively, in the event of a change in control of us. Additionally, with the 2020 Private Placement and the related Investment Agreement, our Articles were amended to create a new class of non-voting common shares (the “Non-Voting Common Shares”). The Non-Voting Common shares will automatically be converted into Voting Common Shares upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in the Articles. Each Non-Voting Common Share will automatically convert into one Voting Common Share, upon the occurrence of a Qualified Transfer of such Non-Voting Common Share or with the prior consent of our Board of Directors. A “Qualified Transfer” means a transfer (x) to a third party that is not (1) an affiliate of such holder nor (2) a person whose ownership thereof would result in such shares being treated as constructively owned by such holder under Section 958(b) of the U.S. Tax Code, applicable Treasury Regulations and other official guidance (a Person described in this clause (x), an “Unrelated Person”), and (y) that is not otherwise prohibited under the Articles. This may dilute the voting power of the current common shareholders. In addition to the Non-Voting Shares, we have issued deferred shares and warrants as more fully described elsewhere in this report. These deferred shares and warrants may further reduce the control and voting power of a common shareholder.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our destination resort spas are operated under agreements with the destination resort operators or owners, as the case may be, of those venues. Our other facilities, including our warehouses, are leased from the owners of the venues where they are located. Our principal office is located in Nassau, The Bahamas, and we lease an office building in Coral Gables, Florida where certain administrative functions are located.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current and planned levels of operations and that alternative sites are readily available on competitive terms in the event that any of our material leases are not renewed.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common shares are traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “OSW.” As of March 5, 2021, there were 88 registered holders of our common shares and one registered holder of non-voting common shares. In addition to our common shares that trade on Nasdaq, the Company has begun an ATM Program (more fully described herein) that permits, but does not require, the Company to sell common shares.

Dividends

We adopted a cash dividend program in November 2019, with an initial quarterly cash dividend payment of $0.04 per common share. However, as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, our Board of Directors re-evaluated our current dividend program and has determined, in order to increase our financial flexibility and reallocate our capital resources, to defer the previously authorized and declared quarterly dividend to be paid on May 29, 2020 and to temporarily suspend the dividend program until further notice.

Repurchases and Sales of Unregistered Securities

We have no recent repurchases of any securities or sales of any unregistered securities.

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Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the change in the cumulative total shareholder return on our common shares against the cumulative total return (assuming reinvestment of dividends) of the Nasdaq Composite® (United States and Foreign) Index, and the Dow Jones U.S. Travel and Leisure Index for the period beginning January 1, 2020 and ending December 31, 2020.

We made one quarterly cash dividend payment of $0.04 per common share on our common shares during the year ended December 31, 2020. As a result of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business, our Board of Directors re-evaluated our current dividend program and determined, in order to increase our financial flexibility and reallocate our capital resources, to defer the previously authorized and declared quarterly dividend to be paid on May 29, 2020 and to temporarily suspend the dividend program until further notice.

The graph assumes that $100.00 was invested on January 2, 2020 in our common shares at a per share price of $16.77, the closing price on that date, and in each of the comparative indices. The share price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future share price performance.

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN

Among OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited, the Nasdaq Composite Index, and the Dow Jones US Travel & Leisure Index

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables contain selected historical financial data for the Company, derived from the audited consolidated and combined financial statements of OSW Predecessor included elsewhere in this report. The information below should be read in conjunction with the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the audited consolidated and combined financial statements of the Company, and the notes related thereto, included elsewhere in this report.

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The following table reconciles Net (Loss) Income to Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Successor) and periods March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and January 1, 2019 to March 19,2019 (Predecessor) and for the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor):

Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Information

We believe that these non-GAAP measures, when reviewed in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, and not in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results of operations under GAAP, are useful to investors as they are widely used measures of performance and the adjustments we make to these non-GAAP measures provide investors further insight into our profitability and additional perspectives in comparing our performance to other companies and in comparing our performance over time on a consistent basis. Adjusted EBITDA and Unlevered After-Tax Free Cash Flow have limitations as profitability measures in that they do not include total amounts for interest expense on our debt and provision for income taxes, and the effect of our expenditures for capital assets and certain intangible assets. In addition, all of these non-GAAP measures have limitations as profitability measures in that they do not include the impact of certain expenses related to items that are settled in cash. Because of these limitations, the Company relies primarily on its GAAP results.

In the future, we may incur expenses similar to those for which adjustments are made in calculating Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as a basis to infer that our future results will be unaffected by extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring items.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

The following discussion and analysis of our audited financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information presented in “Selected Historical Financial Information” and our combined financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources, that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified below and those described in the sections entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

The information for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Successor), the periods ended March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor) and January 1, 2019 to March 19, 2019 (Predecessor) and for the year ended December 31, 2018 is derived from OSW Predecessor’s audited combined financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

Any reference to “OneSpaWorld” refers to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and our consolidated subsidiaries on a forward-looking basis or, as the context requires, to the historical results of OSW Predecessor. Any reference to “OSW Predecessor” refers to the entities comprising the “OneSpaWorld” business prior to the consummation of the Business Combination.

Overview

Due to the global impact of COVID-19, we experienced a near cessation of our operations commencing in the first quarter of 2020. We cannot fully predict the continuing impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry or on our business. Despite this uncertainty, we believe we have certain strengths that have positioned us as a leader in the hospitality-based health and wellness industry and to participate in the recovery of the cruise industry and the hospitality industry.

OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited (“OneSpaWorld,” the “Company,” “we,” “our, “us” and other similar terms refer to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries) is the pre-eminent global operator of health and wellness centers onboard cruise ships and a leading operator of health and wellness centers at destination resorts worldwide. Prior to the near cessation of our operations due to COVID-19, our highly trained and experienced staff offered guests a comprehensive suite of premium health, fitness, beauty and wellness services and products onboard cruise ships and at destination resorts globally. We are the market leader at more than 10x the size of our closest maritime competitor. Over the last 50 years, we have built our leading market position on our depth of staff expertise, broad and innovative service and product offerings, expansive global recruitment, training and logistics platform as well as decades-long relationships with cruise line and destination resort partners. Throughout our history, our mission has been simple: helping guests look and feel their best during and after their stay.

At our core, we are a global services company. We serve a critical role for our cruise line and destination resort partners, operating a complex and increasingly important aspect of our cruise line and destination resort partners’ overall guest experience. Decades of investment and know-how have allowed us to construct an unmatched global infrastructure to manage the complexity of our operations. We have consistently expanded our onboard offerings with innovative and leading-edge service and product introductions, and developed the powerful back-end recruiting, training and logistics platforms to manage our operational complexity, maintain our industry-leading quality standards, and maximize revenue and profitability per center. The combination of our renowned recruiting and training platform, deep proprietary labor pool, global logistics and supply chain infrastructure and proven health and wellness center and revenue management capabilities represents a significant competitive advantage that we believe is not economically feasible to replicate.

A significant portion of our revenues are generated from our cruise ship operations. Historically, we have been able to renew almost all of our cruise line agreements that expired or were scheduled to expire. In 2019, we signed an agreement with Celebrity Cruises as the exclusive operator of health and wellness centers on Celebrity’s entire fleet, increasing the Celebrity vessels on which we operated in 2020 by nine, extended our current agreement with Norwegian Cruise Lines through 2024, won a contract with the new lifestyle brand Virgin Voyages to operate the spa and wellness offerings onboard Virgin vessels, and entered into an amended agreement with P&O Cruises to extend our operations on P&O’s vessels for the next five years.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was initially reported in Wuhan, China. Shortly thereafter, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” affecting all parts of the world on a global-scale. On March 8, 2020 the U.S. Department of State issued a warning for U.S. citizens to not travel by cruise ship, and this was soon followed by stringent restrictions on international travel and immigration by the U.S. and many other countries across Asia, Europe and South America. On March 14, 2020, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”) issued a No Sail Order that was extended serval times until, on October 30, 2020, the CDC issued a Framework for Conditional Sailing Order, which will remain in effect until the earliest of (1) the expiration of the Secretary of Health and Human Services’ declaration that COVID-19 constitutes a public health emergency, (2) the CDC Director rescinds or modifies the order based on specific public health or other considerations, or (3)

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November 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Framework for Conditional Sailing Order, the No Sail Order has been lifted and the cruise industry will work with the CDC on a phased in return-to-service, which will consist of three phases: (i) testing and implementing additional safeguards for crew members; (ii) conducting simulated voyages to test cruise operators’ ability to mitigate COVID -19 risk; and (iii) providing a certification to ships that meet specified requirements, thereby allowing for a phased return to cruise ship passenger voyages. We are currently reviewing the Conditional Sailing Order and monitoring the actions of our cruise line partners with respect to the status of the voluntary suspension of cruise sailings.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved certain vaccines for Emergency Use Authorization. These COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in clinical trials and are being distributed to populations in the United States and around the world. While these vaccines are a promising milestone in global efforts to contain and eliminate COVID-19, a number of uncertainties remain, including whether any additional vaccines will receive regulatory approval, the risk of differing interpretations and assessments by the scientific community during the peer review/publication process, widespread adoption of the vaccines by consumers, the availability of the raw materials needed in the quantities required to manufacture the vaccine, pricing and access challenges, storage, distribution and administration requirements, and logistics. Recently, new COVID-19 variants were recognized in Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. These variants have the potential to increase the lethality and spread of COVID-19, reduce vaccine effectiveness, and may prolong the pandemic.

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is complex and rapidly-evolving, with governments, public institutions and other organizations imposing or recommending, and businesses and individuals implementing, restrictions on various activities or other actions to combat its spread, such as restrictions and bans on travel or transportation, limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events, including sporting events, conferences and meetings, and quarantines and lock-downs. The COVID-19 pandemic is currently impacting global operations in the travel and hospitality industry worldwide by necessitating the closure of destination resorts, travel and hospitality services and significantly reducing demand worldwide for travel and hospitality services. We are unable to predict the course of COVID-19, but it has had, and we anticipate that it will continue to have, a negative impact on our business performance in 2021.

Matters Affecting Comparability

Supply Agreement

We purchase beauty products for resale from an entity (the “Supplier Entity”) that was, during the periods presented, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Steiner Leisure. OSW Predecessor and the Supplier Entity entered into an agreement, effective as of January 1, 2017 (subsequently amended in 2018), which established the prices at which beauty products will be purchased by us from the Supplier Entity for a term of 10 years (the “Supply Agreement”).

On March 19, 2019, we consummated the previously announced Business Combination pursuant to the Transaction Agreement.

“OSW Predecessor” is comprised of the net assets and operations of (i) the following wholly-owned subsidiaries of Steiner Leisure: OneSpaWorld LLC, Steiner Spa Asia Limited, Steiner Spa Limited, and OneSpaWorld Marks Limited (formerly known as Steiner Marks Limited), (ii) the following respective indirect subsidiaries of Steiner Leisure: Mandara PSLV, LLC (subsequently dissolved), Mandara Spa (Hawaii), LLC, Florida Luxury Spa Group, LLC, Steiner Transocean U.S., Inc., Steiner Spa Resorts (Nevada), Inc., Steiner Spa Resorts (Connecticut), Inc., Steiner Resort Spas (California), Inc., OneSpaWorld Resort Spas (North Carolina), Inc. (formerly known as Steiner Resort Spas (North Carolina), Inc.), OSW SoHo LLC, OSW Distribution LLC, World of Wellness Training Limited (formerly known as Steiner Training Limited), STO Italy S.r.l., One Spa World LLC, Mandara Spa Services LLC, OneSpaWorld Limited, OneSpaWorld (Bahamas) Limited (formerly known as Steiner Transocean Limited), OneSpaWorld Medispa LLC, OneSpaWorld Medispa Limited, OneSpaWorld Medispa (Bahamas) Limited (formerly known as STO Medispa Limited), Mandara Spa (Cruise I), LLC, Mandara Spa (Cruise II), LLC, Steiner Transocean (II) Limited (subsequently dissolved), The Onboard Spa by Steiner (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Mandara Spa LLC, Mandara Spa Puerto Rico, Inc., Mandara Spa (Guam), L.L.C. (subsequently dissolved), Mandara Spa (Bahamas) Limited, Mandara Spa Aruba N.V., Mandara Spa Polynesia Sarl, Mandara Spa Asia Limited, PT Mandara Spa Indonesia, Spa Services Asia Limited, Mandara Spa Palau, Mandara Spa (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., Mandara Spa Ventures International Sdn. Bhd., Spa Partners (South Asia) Limited, Mandara Spa (Maldives) PVT LTD, and Mandara Spa (Fiji) Limited, (iii) Medispa Limited, a majority-owned subsidiary of Steiner Leisure (the noncontrolling interest in which was subsequently purchased by OneSpaWorld), and (iv) the timetospa.com website owned by Elemis USA, Inc. (formerly known as Steiner Beauty Products, Inc.), subsequently transferred to OneSpaWorld.

At the closing of the Business Combination, OneSpaWorld became the ultimate parent company of Haymaker and OSW Predecessor. Unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries.

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timetospa.com Business Model

As a result of our separation from Steiner Leisure, we ceased operating timetospa.com as a standalone e-commerce business with focused marketing efforts and paid search advertising effective as of December 31, 2017. timetospa.com is now a post-cruise sales tool where guests may continue their wellness journey after disembarking. Revenue and net income in the year ended December 31, 2017 are not directly comparable to revenue and net income in the year ended December 31, 2018 due to this change in the timetospa.com business model.

Key Performance Indicators

In assessing the performance of our business, we consider several key performance indicators used by management. These key indicators include:

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we have combined the results of the successor entity, OneSpaWorld Holdings Limited, for the period from March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019 with the results of OSW Predecessor for the period from January 1, 2019 to March 19, 2019 (the “2019 Combined Period”) in the following table which sets forth the above key performance indicators for the periods presented. Due to the impact of COVID-19 on our operations in 2020, current year data is not meaningful and not included in this table.

Key Financial Definitions

Revenues. Revenues consist primarily of sales of services and sales of products to cruise ship passengers and destination resort guests. The following is a brief description of the components of our revenues:

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Cost of services. Cost of services consists primarily of an allocable portion of payments to cruise lines (which are derived as a percentage of service revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both), an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees, an allocable portion of staff-related shipboard expenses, costs related to recruitment and training of shipboard employees, wages paid directly to destination resort employees, payments to destination resort venue owners, the allocable cost of products consumed in the rendering of a service and health and wellness center depreciation. Cost of services has historically been highly variable; increases and decreases in cost of services are primarily attributable to a corresponding increase or decrease in service revenues. Cost of services has tended to remain consistent as a percentage of service revenues.

Cost of products. Cost of products consists primarily of the cost of products sold through our various methods of distribution, an allocable portion of wages paid to shipboard employees and an allocable portion of payments to cruise lines and destination resort partners (which are derived as a percentage of product revenues or a minimum annual rent or a combination of both). Cost of products has historically been highly variable, increases and decreases in cost of products are primarily attributable to a corresponding increase or decrease in product revenues. Cost of products has tended to remain consistent as a percentage of product revenues.

Administrative. Administrative expenses are comprised of expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for professional services, insurance, headquarters rent and other general corporate expenses. We expect administrative expenses to increase due to additional legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses related to becoming a public company.

Salary and payroll taxes. Salary and payroll taxes are comprised of employee expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our business, including fees for employee salaries, bonuses, payroll taxes, pension/401(k) and other employee costs.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets are comprised of the amortization of intangible assets with definite useful lives (e.g. retail concession agreements, destination resort agreements, licensing agreements) and amortization expenses associated with the 2015 and 2019 Transactions.

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) consists of royalty income, interest income, interest expense and noncontrolling interest expense.

Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes includes current and deferred federal income tax expenses, as well as state and local income taxes. See “—Critical Accounting Policies—Income Taxes” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Net income. Net income consists of income from operations less other income (expense) and provision for income taxes.

Revenue Drivers and Business Trends

Our revenues and financial performance are impacted by a multitude of factors, including, but not limited to:

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The effect of each of these factors on our revenues and financial performance varies from period to period.

Results of Operations

The following tables present operations for two periods, Predecessor and Successor, which relate to the periods preceding and the periods succeeding the Business Combination, respectively. References to the “Successor 2019 Period” in the discussion below refer to the period from March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019. References to the “Predecessor 2019 Period” in the discussion below refers to the period from January 1, 2019 to March 19, 2019.

Revenues. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020, Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $120.9 million, $443.8 million and $118.5 million, respectively. The decrease was driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the cancellation of most cruise ship voyages and the closure of many destination resort health and wellness centers where we operate during mid-March 2020 through December 31, 2020. The break-down of revenue between service and product revenues was as follows:

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Cost of services. Cost of services for the year ended December 31, 2020, Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $107.3 million, $292.8 million, and $76.8 million, respectively. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $262.4 million, or 71%. The decrease was primarily attributable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cost of products. Cost of products for the year ended December 31, 2020, Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $32.0 million, $90.4 million and $24.0 million, respectively. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $82.3 million, or 72%. The decrease was primarily the result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The year ended December 31, 2020 included a $6.0 million charge for the write down of inventory. This write down principally is the result of excess, slow-moving, expiration of products and damaged inventories held at our Maritime segment caused by the cessation of our cruise line partners’ operations and, consequently, our Maritime segment operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Administrative. Administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $19.0 million, $14.0 million, and $2.5 million, respectively. The December 31, 2020 period included a full year of public company cost and higher legal expenses. The Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period had expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and costs associated with being a public company.

Salary and payroll taxes. Salary and payroll taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $20.1 million, $32.3 million, and $29.3 million, respectively. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $41.5 million, or 67%. The decrease was driven by $20.7 million related to stock options that fully vested upon grant to certain directors and executives in the Successor 2019 Period and $26.6 million in change in control payments pursuant to agreements entered into in 2016 that were earned upon consummation of the Business Combination for services rendered prior to the Business Combination in the Predecessor 2019 Period. The year ended December 31, 2020 had $4.9 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and included management’s actions to preserve liquidity due to the COVID-19 pandemic by enacting salary reductions, furloughs and terminations, which reduced salary expense for the period

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $16.8 million, $13.2 million, and $0.8 million, respectively. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $2.9 million, or 21%. The increase was a result of the new basis of intangible assets identified in the Business Combination.

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $(14.7) million, $(13.5) million, and $(9.7) million, respectively. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $8.5 million, or 37%. The decrease was attributable primarily to the fact that the 2019 Predecessor Period included extinguishment of debt associated with the payoff of the pre-existing debt by the Parent of the Company’s predecessor.

Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense (benefit) for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $0.8 million, $(0.1) million, and $0.1 million, respectively. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $0.8 million. The increase was driven primarily by the increase in valuation allowance related to the Company’s beginning-of-year deferred tax assets that are not realizable during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Net income. Net (loss) income for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period were $(280.5) million, $(12.2) million, and $(24.8) million, respectively. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the combined Successor 2019 Period and Predecessor 2019 Period was $243.5 million, or 658%. The decrease was as a result of $190.8 million in goodwill and trade name impairment charges recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year ended December 31, 2020, partially offset by $20.7 million in expenses related to stock-based compensation during the Successor 2019 Period, and $26.6 million in change in control payments earned upon consummation of the Business Combination during the Predecessor 2019 Period.

Comparison of Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

The following tables present operations for the Predecessor and Successor periods, which relate to the periods preceding and the periods succeeding the Business Combination, respectively, and the year ended December 31, 2018. References to the “Successor

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2019 Period” in the discussion below refer to the period from March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019. References to the “Predecessor 2019 Period” in the discussion below refers to the period from January 1, 2019 to March 19, 2019.

Revenues. Revenues for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $443.8 million, $118.5 million and $540.8 million, respectively. The increase was driven by seven incremental net new shipboard health and wellness centers added to the fleet, a continued trend towards larger and enhanced shipboard health and wellness centers, as well as increased guest spending on higher-priced services, product innovation and improved collaboration with partners, such as the continued rollout of new direct marketing initiatives onboard. This growth was partially offset by the negative impacts of ships temporarily taken out of service:

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The productivity of shipboard health and wellness centers increased slightly for the 2019 combined period compared to 2018, as evidenced by an increase in both average weekly revenues and a small increase in revenues per shipboard staff per day. Average weekly revenues increased by 1.9% to $61,561 in 2019, from $60,421 in 2018, and revenues per shipboard staff per day increased by 0.2% over the same time period. We had an average of 2,964 shipboard staff members in service in 2019 compared to an average of 2,852 shipboard staff members in service in 2018. The productivity of destination resort health and wellness centers, measured by average weekly revenues, decreased 12.9% to $12,128 in 2019, from $13,927 in 2018. The decrease in productivity was driven by the closure of two large health and wellness centers in the U.S. and Caribbean.

Cost of services. Cost of services as a percentage of service revenue for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period, and for the year ended December 31, 2018 were 86.2%, 84.2% and 85.8%, respectively.

Cost of products. Cost of products as a percentage of product revenue for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and for the year ended December 31, 2018 were 86.9%, 88.2% and 85.3%, respectively. Successor 2019 Period includes purchase price adjustments concerning the inventory valuations resulting in higher costs, a portion of which are non-cash.

Administrative. Administrative expenses for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $14.0 million, $2.5 million and $9.9 million, respectively. The Successor 2019 Period had expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and costs associated with being a public company.

Salary and payroll taxes. Salary and payroll taxes for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $32.3 million, $29.3 million and $15.6 million, respectively. The Successor 2019 Period includes stock-based compensation of $20.7 million related to stock options that fully vested upon grant to certain directors and executives. The Predecessor 2019 Period had change in control payments of $26.6 million pursuant to employment agreements entered into in 2016 that were earned upon consummation of the Business Combination for services rendered prior to the Business Combination.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and year ended December 31, 2018 were $13.5 million, $0.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively. Amortization expense in the 2019 Successor Period reflects the new basis of intangible assets identified in the Business Combination.

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and year ended December 31, 2018 were $(13.5) million, $(9.7) million and $(33.7) million, respectively. The Predecessor 2019 Period included a loss on extinguishment of debt of $3.4 million associated with the payoff of the pre-existing debt by the Parent of the Company’s predecessor.

Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense (benefit) for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period, and year ended December 31, 2018 were $(0.1) million, $0.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Net income. Net (loss) income for the Successor 2019 Period, Predecessor 2019 Period and year ended December 31, 2018 were $(12.2) million, $(24.8) million and $13.7 million, respectively. The Successor 2019 Period had expenses related to stock-based compensation of $20.7 million. The Predecessor 2019 Period had change in control payments of $26.6 million earned upon consummation of the Business Combination.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Due to the impact of COVID-19, we have taken prudently aggressive actions to increase our financial flexibility, including closing all spas on cruise ships where voyages had been cancelled, and closing all U.S., Caribbean-based and Asian based destination resort spas, certain of which reopened during the third and fourth quarters of 2020. Additionally, we have increased financial flexibility by securing and reallocating capital resources, including: (i) eliminating all non-essential operating and capital expenditures, (ii) withdrawing the Company dividend program until further notice, (iii) deferring payment of a dividend declared on February 26, 2020 until approved by the Board of Directors, (iv) the completion of the 2020 Private Placement on June 12, 2020; (v) borrowing $7 million, net, on our revolving credit facility, leaving $13 million available and undrawn; (vi) furloughing 96% of U.S. and Caribbean-based destination resort spa personnel and subsequently terminating the employment of 66% of such personnel; and (vii) entering into an agreement to allow for the Company to operate its ATM Program, which permits the Company to sell, from time to time, common shares up to an aggregate offering price of $50.0 million. We have historically funded our operations with cash flow from operations, except prior to March 19, 2019 with respect to certain expenses and operating costs that had been paid in the Predecessor Periods prior to the Business Combination by Steiner Leisure on our behalf, and, when needed, with borrowings under our credit facility. Steiner Leisure has paid on our behalf expenses associated with the allocation of Parent corporate overhead and costs associated with the purchase of products from related parties and forgiven by Steiner Leisure. Historical operating cash flows exclude OSW Predecessor’s expenses and operating costs paid by Steiner Leisure on our behalf. Consequently, our combined historical cash flows may not be indicative of cash flows had we been a separate stand-alone entity, or of our future cash flows.

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The ATM Program described above is an At-The-Market Offering Sales Agreement with Stifel Nicolaus & Company, entered into on December 7, 2020. Under the ATM Program, we may offer and sell, from time to time, common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million (the “ATM Shares”). Any ATM Shares sold under the ATM Program will be issued pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-239628), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 22, 2020, the base prospectus filed as part of such registration statement, and the prospectus supplement, dated December 7, 2020 and filed by the Company with the SEC. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued and sold an aggregate of 1.3 million common shares at an average price of $9.18 per share for aggregate net proceeds of $11.1 million, which were net of equity issuance costs of $0.6 million.

Our principal uses for liquidity have been debt service and working capital. We expect that as our cruise line partners resume operations, we will have increased costs related to redeployment of employees to sailing locations and other costs associated with resuming our operations.

Taking into account the costs described above and our current resources, we have concluded that we will have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our obligations over the next twelve months and comply with all debt covenants as required by our debt agreements.

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Cash Flows

The following table shows summary cash flow information for the year ended December 31, 2020, periods from March 20, 2019 to December 31, 2019 (Successor), January 1, 2019 to March 19, 2019 (Predecessor) and the year ended December 31, 2018 (Predecessor).