ORACLE CORP - Quarter Report: 2019 August (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended August 31, 2019

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-35992

Oracle Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		54-2185193
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Oracle Parkway		94065
Redwood City, California		94065
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(650) 506-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

2.25% senior notes due January 2021

3.125% senior notes due July 2025

ORCL

—

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒		Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding as of September 10, 2019 was: 3,288,330,000.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

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		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	46

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	46

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	46

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46

Item 6.	Exhibits	47

	Signatures	48

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Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

For purposes of this Quarterly Report, the terms “Oracle,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Oracle Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical in nature, are predictive in nature, or that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or otherwise contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include, among other things, statements regarding:

•

our expectation that we may acquire companies, products, services and technologies to further our corporate strategy as compelling opportunities become available;

•

our expectation that, on a constant currency basis, our total cloud and license revenues generally will continue to increase due to expected growth in our cloud services and our license support offerings, and continued demand for our cloud license and on-premise license offerings;

•

our belief that our Oracle Cloud Software-as-a-Service and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (SaaS and IaaS, respectively, and collectively, Oracle Cloud Services) offerings are opportunities for us to expand our cloud and license business, and that demand for our Oracle Cloud Services will continue to increase;

•

our expectation that substantially all of our customers will renew their license support contracts annually;

•

our expectation that our hardware business will have lower operating margins as a percentage of revenues than our cloud and license business;

•

our expectation that we will continue to make significant investments in research and development, and our belief that research and development efforts are essential to maintaining our competitive position;

•

our expectation that our international operations will continue to provide a significant portion of our total revenues and expenses;

•

the sufficiency of our sources of funding for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual obligations, acquisitions, dividends, stock repurchases, debt repayments and other matters;

•

our belief that we have adequately provided under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for outcomes related to our tax audits and that the final outcome of our tax related examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations, and our belief that our net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future;

•

our belief that the outcome of certain legal proceedings and claims to which we are a party will not, individually or in the aggregate, result in losses that are materially in excess of amounts already recognized, if any;

•

the possibility that certain legal proceedings to which we are a party could have a material impact on our future cash flows and results of operations;

•

our expectations regarding the timing and amount of expenses relating to the Fiscal 2019 Oracle Restructuring Plan and the improved efficiencies in our operations that such a plan will create;

•

the timing and amount of future cash dividend payments and stock repurchases, including our expectation that the levels of our future stock repurchase activity may be modified in comparison to past periods in order to use available cash for other purposes;

•

our expectations regarding the impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements;

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•

our expectation that, to the extent customers renew support contracts or cloud SaaS and IaaS contracts from companies that we have acquired, we will recognize revenues for the full contracts’ values over the respective renewal periods;

•

our ability to predict quarterly hardware revenues;

•

the percentage of remaining performance obligations that we expect to recognize as revenues over the next twelve months;

as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “strives,” “estimates,” “will,” “should,” “is designed to” and similar expressions. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business that could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in documents we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 and our other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q to be filed by us in our fiscal 2020, which runs from June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020.

We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or risks, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. New information, future events or risks could cause the forward-looking events we discuss in this Quarterly Report not to occur. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our expectations only as of the date of this Quarterly Report.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)	August 31, 2019			May 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,083		$	20,514
Marketable securities		4,621			17,313
Trade receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $383 and $371 as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively		3,820			5,134
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,860			3,425
Total current assets		42,384			46,386
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		6,264			6,252
Intangible assets, net		4,861			5,279
Goodwill, net		43,733			43,779
Deferred tax assets		2,654			2,696
Other non-current assets		6,333			4,317
Total non-current assets		63,845			62,323
Total assets	$	106,229		$	108,709
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable, current	$	3,748		$	4,494
Accounts payable		486			580
Accrued compensation and related benefits		1,261			1,628
Deferred revenues		10,089			8,374
Other current liabilities		3,291			3,554
Total current liabilities		18,875			18,630
Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable and other borrowings, non-current		50,692			51,673
Income taxes payable		13,501			13,295
Other non-current liabilities		4,142			2,748
Total non-current liabilities		68,335			67,716
Commitments and contingencies
Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized: 1.0 shares; outstanding: none		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value and additional paid in capital—authorized: 11,000 shares; outstanding: 3,296 shares and 3,359 shares as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively		26,450			26,909
Accumulated deficit		(6,446	)		(3,496	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,571	)		(1,628	)
Total Oracle Corporation stockholders’ equity		18,433			21,785
Noncontrolling interests		586			578
Total equity		19,019			22,363
Total liabilities and equity	$	106,229		$	108,709

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2019			2018
Revenues:
Cloud services and license support	$	6,805		$	6,609
Cloud license and on-premise license		812			867
Hardware		815			904
Services		786			813
Total revenues		9,218			9,193
Operating expenses:
Cloud services and license support⁽¹⁾		982			913
Hardware⁽¹⁾		272			326
Services⁽¹⁾		703			714
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		2,018			2,039
Research and development		1,557			1,564
General and administrative		292			321
Amortization of intangible assets		414			434
Acquisition related and other		25			14
Restructuring		78			90
Total operating expenses		6,341			6,415
Operating income		2,877			2,778
Interest expense		(494	)		(529	)
Non-operating income, net		99			291
Income before provision for income taxes		2,482			2,540
Provision for income taxes		345			275
Net income	$	2,137		$	2,265
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.64		$	0.58
Diluted	$	0.63		$	0.57
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		3,317			3,904
Diluted		3,410			3,999

⁽¹⁾	Exclusive of amortization of intangible assets, which is shown separately.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Net income	$	2,137		$	2,265
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net foreign currency translation losses		(8	)		(61	)
Net unrealized gains on defined benefit plans		4			6
Net unrealized gains on marketable securities		85			4
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges		(24	)		(26	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net		57			(77	)
Comprehensive income	$	2,194		$	2,188

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2019			2018
Common stock and additional paid in capital
Balance, beginning of period	$	26,909		$	28,950
Common stock issued		316			299
Stock-based compensation		446			436
Repurchase of common stock		(707	)		(1,496	)
Other, net		(514	)		(378	)
Balance, end of period	$	26,450		$	27,811
(Accumulated deficit) retained earnings
Balance, beginning of period	$	(3,496	)	$	19,111
Cumulative-effect of accounting change		—			(110	)
Repurchase of common stock		(4,293	)		(8,504	)
Cash dividends declared		(795	)		(742	)
Net income		2,137			2,265
Other, net		1			2
Balance, end of period	$	(6,446	)	$	12,022
Other equity, net
Balance, beginning of period	$	(1,050	)	$	(1,188	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net		57			(77	)
Other, net		8			(4	)
Balance, end of period	$	(985	)	$	(1,269	)
Total stockholders' equity	$	19,019		$	38,564
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.24		$	0.19

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Three Months Ended August 31, 2019 and 2018

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	2,137		$	2,265
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		336			286
Amortization of intangible assets		414			434
Deferred income taxes		(14	)		(112	)
Stock-based compensation		446			436
Other, net		60			52
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Decrease in trade receivables, net		1,313			1,390
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets		481			309
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities		(813	)		(561	)
(Decrease) increase in income taxes payable		(121	)		10
Increase in deferred revenues		1,761			2,213
Net cash provided by operating activities		6,000			6,722
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments		(216	)		(739	)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities and other investments		879			4,704
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities		12,111			—
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(2	)		(50	)
Capital expenditures		(386	)		(383	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		12,386			3,532
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for repurchases of common stock		(5,005	)		(9,967	)
Proceeds from issuances of common stock		316			291
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards		(514	)		(379	)
Payments of dividends to stockholders		(795	)		(742	)
Repayments of borrowings		(1,750	)		(2,500	)
Other, net		(54	)		(36	)
Net cash used for financing activities		(7,802	)		(13,333	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(15	)		(86	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		10,569			(3,165	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		20,514			21,620
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	31,083		$	18,455
Non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Fair values of restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed in connection with acquisitions	$	—		$	8
Change in unsettled repurchases of common stock	$	(5	)	$	33

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, we believe that the disclosures herein are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

We believe that all necessary adjustments, which consisted only of normal recurring items, have been included in the accompanying financial statements to present fairly the results of the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for our fiscal year ending May 31, 2020.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and subsequent amendments to the initial guidance: ASU 2017-13, ASU 2018-10, ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-20 and ASU 2019-01 (collectively, Topic 842). Topic 842 requires companies to generally recognize on the balance sheet, operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets. We adopted this new standard using the effective date of June 1, 2019 as our initial application date. Consequently, financial information for the comparative periods was not updated. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance of the new standard, which allows us to carry forward our historical lease classification. The adoption of Topic 842 did not result in a cumulative catch-up adjustment to the opening of accumulated deficit balance as of June 1, 2019. There was no material impact to our condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended August 31, 2019 due to the adoption of Topic 842. Except for the updates to our leases accounting policy noted below, there have been no other changes to our significant accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 that had a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements or notes thereto as of and for the three months ended August 31, 2019.

Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We generally use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future payments, because the implicit rate of the lease is generally not known. ROU assets related to our operating lease liabilities are measured at lease inception based on the initial measurement of the lease liability, plus any prepaid lease payments and less any lease incentives. Our lease terms that are used in determining our operating lease liabilities at lease inception may include options to extend or terminate the leases when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise such options. We amortize our ROU assets as operating lease expense generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term and classify both the lease amortization and imputed interest as operating expenses. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, and in such cases, we generally account for the components as a single lease component.

We have operating leases that primarily relate to certain of our facilities, data centers and vehicles. As of August 31, 2019, our operating leases substantially have remaining terms of one year to thirteen years, some of which include options to extend and/or terminate the leases. We do not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for any lease with an original lease term of less than one year.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

At August 31, 2019, ROU assets of $2.0 billion related to our operating leases are included in other non-current assets; and operating lease liabilities of $587 million are included in other current liabilities; and $1.5 billion are included in other non-current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash flow movements related to our lease activities are included in prepaid expenses and other assets and accounts payables and other liabilities as presented in net cash provided by operating activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended August 31, 2019.

For the three months ended August 31, 2019, operating lease expenses totaled $148 million, net of sublease income of $4 million, and cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $148 million. We recorded ROU assets of $2.2 billion in exchange for operating lease obligations during the three months ended August 31, 2019, which included $1.9 billion for operating leases existing on June 1, 2019 that were recognized upon our initial adoption of Topic 842 and $211 million for operating leases that were contracted during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. As of August 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was approximately five years, and the weighted average discount rate for operating leases was 3.1%.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows as of August 31, 2019 (in millions):

Remainder of fiscal 2020	$	498
Fiscal 2021		550
Fiscal 2022		429
Fiscal 2023		270
Fiscal 2024		177
Fiscal 2025		125
Thereafter		218
Total operating lease payments		2,267
Less: imputed interest		(206	)
Total operating lease liability	$	2,061

Remaining Performance Obligations from Contracts with Customers

Trade receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, and deferred revenues are reported net of related uncollected deferred revenues in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019. The amount of revenues recognized during each of the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018 that were included in the opening deferred revenues balance as of May 31, 2019 and 2018 were each approximately $3.5 billion. Revenues recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and impairment losses recognized on our receivables were immaterial in each of the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018.

Remaining performance obligations, as defined in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019, were $33.8 billion as of August 31, 2019, approximately 61% of which we expect to recognize as revenues over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

Sales of Financing Receivables

We offer certain of our customers the option to acquire our software products, hardware products and services offerings through separate long-term payment contracts. We generally sell these contracts that we have financed for our customers on a non-recourse basis to financial institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution. We record the transfers of amounts due from customers to financial institutions as sales of financing receivables because we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. Financing receivables sold to financial institutions were $705 million and $822 million for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash that was included within cash and cash equivalents as presented within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019 and our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018 was nominal.

Acquisition Related and Other Expenses

Acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, integration related professional services, certain business combination adjustments including adjustments after the measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019		2018
Transitional and other employee related costs	$	4	$	14
Business combination adjustments, net		3		(2	)
Other, net		18		2
Total acquisition related and other expenses	$	25	$	14

Non-Operating Income, net

Non-operating income, net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange losses, the noncontrolling interests in the net profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Corporation Japan) and net other income, including net realized gains and losses related to all of our investments, net unrealized gains and losses related to the small portion of our investment portfolio related to our deferred compensation plan, net unrealized gains and losses related to certain equity securities and non-service net periodic pension income (losses).

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Interest income	$	190		$	348
Foreign currency losses, net		(55	)		(34	)
Noncontrolling interests in income		(40	)		(39	)
Other income, net		4			16
Total non-operating income, net	$	99		$	291

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Financial Instruments: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13) and also issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance: ASU 2018-19, ASU 2019-04 and ASU 2019-05 (collectively, Topic 326). Topic 326 requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. Topic 326 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2021, and earlier adoption is permitted beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of Topic 326 on our consolidated financial statements.

2.	ACQUISITIONS

Fiscal 2020 and 2019 Acquisitions

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and full year of fiscal 2019, we acquired certain companies and purchased certain technology and development assets primarily to expand our products and services offerings. These acquisitions were not significant individually or in the aggregate to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

3.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We perform fair value measurements in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at their fair values, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

•

Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or

•

Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs are defined above):

	August 31, 2019						May 31, 2019
	Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types						Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Assets:
Corporate debt securities and other	$	6,081	$	6,995	$	13,076	$	4,899	$	17,343	$	22,242
Commercial paper debt securities		—		11,406		11,406		—		—		—
Money market funds		1,350		—		1,350		5,700		—		5,700
Derivative financial instruments		—		17		17		—		5		5
Total assets	$	7,431	$	18,418	$	25,849	$	10,599	$	17,348	$	27,947
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	249	$	249	$	—	$	230	$	230

We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. Our marketable securities investments consist of Tier 1 commercial paper debt securities, corporate debt securities and certain other securities. Marketable securities as presented per our condensed consolidated balance sheets included securities with original maturities at the time of purchase greater than three months and the remainder of the securities were included in cash and cash equivalents. As of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, approximately 88% and 33%, respectively, of our marketable securities investments mature within one year and 12% and 67%, respectively, mature within one to four years. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of our instruments that were classified as Level 1 in the table above were derived from quoted market prices and active markets for these instruments that exist. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of Level 2 instruments listed in the table above, the counterparties to which have high credit ratings, were derived from the following: non-binding market consensus prices that were corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models, such as discounted cash flow techniques, with all significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data including LIBOR-based yield curves, among others.

Based on the trading prices of the $54.3 billion and $56.1 billion of senior notes and the related fair value hedges that we had outstanding as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively, the estimated fair values of the senior notes and the related fair value hedges using Level 2 inputs at August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019 were $59.8 billion and $58.4 billion, respectively.

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4.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

The changes in intangible assets for fiscal 2020 and the net book value of intangible assets as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019 were as follows:

	Intangible Assets, Gross							Accumulated Amortization									Intangible Assets, Net
(in millions)	May 31, 2019		Additions & Adjustments, net⁽¹⁾			August 31, 2019		May 31, 2019			Expense			August 31, 2019			May 31, 2019		August 31, 2019
Developed technology	$	5,406	$	—		$	5,406	$	(3,467	)	$	(211	)	$	(3,678	)	$	1,939	$	1,728
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships		5,693		(4	)		5,689		(2,711	)		(171	)		(2,882	)		2,982		2,807
Other		1,589		—			1,589		(1,231	)		(32	)		(1,263	)		358		326
Total intangible assets, net	$	12,688	$	(4	)	$	12,684	$	(7,409	)	$	(414	)	$	(7,823	)	$	5,279	$	4,861

⁽¹⁾	Amounts also include any changes in intangible asset balances for the periods presented that resulted from foreign currency translations.

As of August 31, 2019, estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets were as follows (in millions):

Remainder of fiscal 2020	$	1,167
Fiscal 2021		1,338
Fiscal 2022		1,090
Fiscal 2023		667
Fiscal 2024		440
Fiscal 2025		124
Thereafter		35
Total intangible assets, net	$	4,861

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, net, which is generally not deductible for tax purposes, for our operating segments for the three months ended August 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in millions)	Cloud and License			Hardware		Services			Total Goodwill, net
Balances as of May 31, 2019	$	39,633		$	2,367	$	1,779		$	43,779
Goodwill adjustments, net⁽¹⁾		(41	)		—		(5	)		(46	)
Balances as of August 31, 2019	$	39,592		$	2,367	$	1,774		$	43,733

⁽¹⁾

Pursuant to our business combinations accounting policy, we recorded goodwill adjustments for the effects on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the period that such a change is identified, provided that any such change is within the measurement period (up to one year from the date of the acquisition). Amounts also include any changes in goodwill balances for the period presented that resulted from foreign currency translations.

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5.	RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

Fiscal 2019 Oracle Restructuring Plan

During fiscal 2019, our management approved, committed to and initiated plans to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our operations due to our acquisitions and certain other operational activities (2019 Restructuring Plan). In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, our management supplemented the 2019 Restructuring Plan to reflect additional actions that we expect to take. The total estimated restructuring costs associated with the 2019 Restructuring Plan are up to $584 million and will be recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our condensed consolidated statements of operations as they are incurred. We recorded $77 million of restructuring expenses in connection with the 2019 Restructuring Plan in the first three months of fiscal 2020 and we expect to incur the majority of the estimated remaining $31 million through the end of fiscal 2020. Any changes to the estimates of executing the 2019 Restructuring Plan will be reflected in our future results of operations.

Summary of All Plans

	Accrued May 31, 2019⁽²⁾		Three Months Ended August 31, 2019											Accrued August 31, 2019⁽²⁾		Total Costs Accrued to Date		Total Expected Program Costs
(in millions)	Accrued May 31, 2019⁽²⁾		Initial Costs⁽³⁾		Adj. to Cost⁽⁴⁾			Cash Payments			Others⁽⁵⁾			Accrued August 31, 2019⁽²⁾		Total Costs Accrued to Date		Total Expected Program Costs
2019 Restructuring Plan⁽¹⁾
Cloud and license	$	72	$	40	$	(4	)	$	(51	)	$	—		$	57	$	223	$	232
Hardware		18		11		2			(13	)		—			18		66		69
Services		15		7		(1	)		(9	)		—			12		48		65
Other⁽⁶⁾		108		23		(1	)		(56	)		(44	)		30		216		218
Total 2019 Restructuring Plan	$	213	$	81	$	(4	)	$	(129	)	$	(44	)	$	117	$	553	$	584
Total other restructuring plans⁽⁷⁾	$	49	$	—	$	1		$	(2	)	$	(15	)	$	33
Total restructuring plans	$	262	$	81	$	(3	)	$	(131	)	$	(59	)	$	150

⁽¹⁾	Restructuring costs recorded for individual line items primarily related to employee severance costs.

⁽²⁾	The balances at August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019 included $149 million and $239 million, respectively, recorded in other current liabilities, and $1 million and $23 million, respectively, recorded in other non-current liabilities.

⁽³⁾	Costs recorded for the respective restructuring plans during the current period presented.

⁽⁴⁾	All plan adjustments were changes in estimates whereby increases and decreases in costs were generally recorded to operating expenses in the period of adjustments.

⁽⁵⁾	Represents foreign currency translation adjustments and certain other adjustments including those related to our adoption of Topic 842 as of June 1, 2019.

⁽⁶⁾	Represents employee related severance costs for functions that are not included within our operating segments and certain other restructuring costs.

⁽⁷⁾

Other restructuring plans presented in the table above included condensed information for other Oracle based plans and other plans associated with certain of our acquisitions whereby we continued to make cash outlays to settle obligations under these plans during the period presented but for which the periodic impact to our condensed consolidated statements of operations was not significant.

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6.	DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues consisted of the following:

(in millions)	August 31, 2019		May 31, 2019
Cloud services and license support	$	8,967	$	7,340
Hardware		691		635
Services		382		360
Cloud license and on-premise license		49		39
Deferred revenues, current		10,089		8,374
Deferred revenues, non-current (in other non-current liabilities)		650		669
Total deferred revenues	$	10,739	$	9,043

Deferred cloud services and license support revenues and deferred hardware revenues substantially represent customer payments made in advance for cloud or support contracts that are typically billed in advance with corresponding revenues generally being recognized ratably over the contractual periods. Deferred services revenues include prepayments for our services business and revenues for these services are generally recognized as the services are performed. Deferred cloud license and on-premise license revenues typically resulted from customer payments that related to undelivered products and services or specified enhancements.

In connection with our acquisitions, we have estimated the fair values of the cloud services and license support performance obligations assumed from our acquired companies. We generally have estimated the fair values of these obligations assumed using a cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value by estimating the costs related to fulfilling the obligations plus a normal profit margin. The sum of the costs and operating profit approximates, in theory, the amount that we would be required to pay a third party to assume these acquired obligations. These aforementioned fair value adjustments recorded for obligations assumed from our acquisitions reduced the cloud services and license support deferred revenues balances that we recorded as liabilities from these acquisitions and also reduced the resulting revenues that we recognized or will recognize over the terms of the acquired obligations during the post-combination periods.

7.	DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

We held the following derivative instruments that were designated and accounted for as hedging instruments pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815) as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019:

•

interest rate swap agreements, which are used to protect us against changes in the fair values of certain of our fixed-rate borrowings attributable to the movements in benchmark interest rates. We have designated these swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and are accounting for them as fair value hedges pursuant to ASC 815;

•

cross-currency interest rate swap agreements, which are used to protect us against changes in the fair values of certain of our fixed-rate Euro-denominated borrowings attributable to the movements in benchmark interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates by effectively converting the fixed-rate, Euro-denominated borrowings, including the annual interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, to variable-rate, U.S. Dollar denominated debt based on LIBOR. We have designated these swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and are accounting for them as fair value hedges pursuant to ASC 815; and

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•

cross-currency swap agreements, which are used to manage foreign currency exchange risk by converting certain of our fixed-rate Euro-denominated borrowings to fixed-rate U.S. Dollar denominated debt and are accounted for as cash flow hedges pursuant to ASC 815.

We also held certain foreign currency contracts that were not designated as hedges pursuant to ASC 815. As of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, the notional amounts of such forward contracts we held to purchase U.S. Dollars in exchange for other major international currencies were $3.1 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, and the notional amount of forward contracts we held to sell U.S. Dollars in exchange for other major international currencies were $3.4 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively. The fair values of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts were nominal as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019. Net gains or losses related to these forward contracts are included in non-operating income, net.

See Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 for additional information regarding the purpose, accounting and classification of our derivative instruments. None of our derivative instruments are used for trading purposes. The effects of derivative instruments designated as hedges on certain of our condensed consolidated financial statements were as follows as of or for each of the respective periods presented below (amounts presented exclude any income tax effects):

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedges in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

		Fair Value as of
(in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	August 31, 2019		May 31, 2019
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges	Other non-current assets	$	17	$	5
Total derivative assets		$	17	$	5
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges	Other current liabilities	$	1	$	5
Cross-currency interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges	Other non-current liabilities		8		17
Cross-currency swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges	Other non-current liabilities		240		208
Total derivative liabilities		$	249	$	230

Effects of Fair Value Hedging Relationships on Hedged Items in Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

(in millions)	August 31, 2019			May 31, 2019
Notes payable, current:
Carrying amount of hedged item	$	1,999		$	1,994
Cumulative hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount		(1	)		(5	)
Notes payable and other borrowings, non-current:
Carrying amounts of hedged items		3,671			3,652
Cumulative hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount		64			44

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Effects of Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedges on Income

	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2019						2018
(in millions)	Non-operating income, net			Interest expense			Non-operating income, net			Interest expense
Condensed consolidated statements of operations line amounts in which the hedge effects were recorded	$	99		$	(494	)	$	291		$	(529	)
Gain (loss) on hedges recognized in income:
Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:
Derivative instruments	$	—		$	16		$	—		$	(7	)
Hedged items		—			(16	)		—			7
Cross-currency interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges:
Derivative instruments		(18	)		23			(4	)		—
Hedged items		15			(23	)		5			—
Cross-currency swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI or OCL		(8	)		—			12			—
Total gain (loss) on hedges recognized in income	$	(11	)	$	—		$	13		$	—

Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedges included in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) or Loss (OCL)

Three Months Ended

August 31,

(in millions)

2019

2018

Cross-currency swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges

(32

)

(14

)

8.	STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchases

Our Board of Directors has approved a program for us to repurchase shares of our common stock. On September 11, 2019, we announced that our Board of Directors approved an expansion of our stock repurchase program by an additional $15.0 billion. As of August 31, 2019, approximately $848 million remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program. We repurchased 89.5 million shares for $5.0 billion during the three months ended August 31, 2019 (including 0.7 million shares for $35 million that were repurchased but not settled) and 212.2 million shares for $10.0 billion during the three months ended August 31, 2018 under the stock repurchase program.

Our stock repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors such as our working capital needs, our cash requirements for acquisitions and dividend payments, our debt repayment obligations or repurchases of our debt, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant

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to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.

Dividends on Common Stock

In September 2019, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.24 per share of our outstanding common stock. The dividend is payable on October 24, 2019 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on October 10, 2019. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors.

Fiscal 2020 Stock-Based Awards Activity and Compensation Expense

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we issued 39 million restricted stock-based units (RSUs), substantially all of which were issued as a part of our annual stock-based award process and are subject to service-based vesting restrictions. These fiscal 2020 stock-based awards issuances were partially offset by forfeitures and cancellations of 6 million shares during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

The RSUs that were granted during the three months ended August 31, 2019 have vesting restrictions, valuations and contractual lives of a similar nature to those described in Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the following operating expense line items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019		2018
Cloud services and license support	$	31	$	24
Hardware		3		3
Services		14		13
Sales and marketing		88		94
Research and development		271		257
General and administrative		39		45
Total stock-based compensation	$	446	$	436

9.	INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rates for the periods presented are the result of the mix of income earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of income tax rates. Our provision for income taxes varied from the tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the periods presented primarily due to earnings in foreign operations, state taxes, the U.S. research and development tax credit, settlements with tax authorities, the tax effects of stock-based compensation, the Foreign Derived Intangible Income deduction and the tax effect of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income. In fiscal 2018, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act), was signed into law. The more significant provisions of the Tax Act applicable to us are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019. During the first quarter of fiscal 2019, we recorded a benefit of $153 million in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 related to adjustments in our estimates of the one-time transition tax on certain foreign subsidiary earnings affected by the Tax Act. Our effective tax rates were 13.9% and 10.8% for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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Our net deferred tax assets were $2.4 billion as of each of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019. We believe that it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent upon our generation of sufficient taxable income in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to obtain benefit from the reversal of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of net deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income change.

Domestically, U.S. federal and state taxing authorities are currently examining income tax returns of Oracle and various acquired entities for years through fiscal 2017. Our U.S. federal income tax returns have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2010, and we are no longer subject to audit for those periods. Our U.S. state income tax returns, with some exceptions, have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2004, and we are no longer subject to audit for those periods.

Internationally, tax authorities for numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions are also examining returns affecting our unrecognized tax benefits. With some exceptions, we are generally no longer subject to tax examinations in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal 1997.

On June 7, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, reversing a previous decision of the U.S. Tax Court, held that the U.S. Treasury Department’s regulations requiring the inclusion of stock-based compensation expense in a taxpayer’s cost-sharing calculations were valid. Our financial statements have been prepared consistent with this outcome, but we will continue to monitor any ongoing developments, including the outcome of the taxpayer’s July 22, 2019 request for an en banc rehearing or a potential future appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, to determine if future changes are required.

We are under audit by the IRS and various other domestic and foreign tax authorities with regards to income tax and indirect tax matters and are involved in various challenges and litigation in a number of countries, including, in particular, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Mexico, Pakistan and Spain, where the amounts under controversy are significant. In some, although not all, cases, we have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes and accrual of indirect taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities or final outcomes in judicial proceedings, and we believe that the final outcome of these examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities and indirect tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, it could result in a further charge to expense.

We believe that we have adequately provided under GAAP for outcomes related to our tax audits. However, there can be no assurances as to the possible outcomes or any related financial statement effect thereof.

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10.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision makers (CODMs) are our Chief Executive Officers and Chief Technology Officer. We are organized by line of business and geographically. While our CODMs evaluate results in a number of different ways, the line of business management structure is the primary basis for which the allocation of resources and financial results are assessed. The footnote information below presents the financial information provided to our CODMs for their review and assists our CODMs with evaluating the company’s performance and allocating company resources.

We have three businesses—cloud and license, hardware and services—each of which is comprised of a single operating segment. All three of our businesses market and sell our offerings globally to businesses of many sizes, government agencies, educational institutions and resellers with a worldwide sales force positioned to offer the combinations that best meet customer needs.

Our cloud and license business engages in the sale, marketing and delivery of our applications and infrastructure technologies through cloud and on-premise deployment models, including our cloud services and license support offerings, and our cloud license and on-premise license offerings. Cloud services and license support revenues are generated from offerings that are typically contracted with customers directly, billed to customers in advance, delivered to customers over time with our revenue recognition occurring over the contractual terms, and renewed by customers upon completion of the contractual terms. Cloud services and license support contracts provide customers with access to the latest updates to the applications and infrastructure technologies as they become available and for which the customer contracted and also includes related technical support services over the contractual term. Cloud license and on-premise license revenues represent fees earned from granting customers licenses, generally on a perpetual basis, to use our database and middleware and our applications software products within cloud and on-premise IT environments. We generally recognize revenues at the point in time the software is made available to the customer to download and use, which typically is immediate upon signature of the license contract. In each fiscal year, our cloud and license business’ contractual activities are typically highest in our fourth fiscal quarter and the related cash flows are typically highest in the following quarter (i.e., in the first fiscal quarter of the next fiscal year) as we receive payments from these contracts.

Our hardware business provides Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, industry-specific hardware, operating systems, virtualization, management and other hardware-related software to support diverse IT environments. Our hardware business also offers hardware support, which provides customers with software updates for the software components that are essential to the functionality of their hardware products, such as Oracle Solaris and certain other software, and can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services.

Our services business provides services to customers and partners to help maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies.

We do not track our assets for each business. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by operating segment.

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The following table presents summary results for each of our three businesses:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019		2018
Cloud and license:
Revenues⁽¹⁾	$	7,619	$	7,484
Cloud services and license support expenses		931		867
Sales and marketing expenses		1,757		1,744
Margin⁽²⁾	$	4,931	$	4,873
Hardware:
Revenues	$	815	$	904
Hardware products and support expenses		264		317
Sales and marketing expenses		117		139
Margin⁽²⁾	$	434	$	448
Services:
Revenues	$	786	$	813
Services expenses		665		676
Margin⁽²⁾	$	121	$	137
Totals:
Revenues⁽¹⁾	$	9,220	$	9,201
Expenses		3,734		3,743
Margin⁽²⁾	$	5,486	$	5,458

⁽¹⁾

Cloud and license revenues presented for management reporting included revenues related to cloud and license obligations that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements. See Note 6 for an explanation of these adjustments and the table below for a reconciliation of our total operating segment revenues to our total consolidated revenues as reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

⁽²⁾

The margins reported reflect only the direct controllable costs of each line of business and do not include allocations of research and development, general and administrative and certain other allocable expenses, net. Additionally, the margins reported above do not reflect amortization of intangible assets, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, stock-based compensation, interest expense or certain other non-operating income, net.

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The following table reconciles total operating segment revenues to total revenues as well as total operating segment margin to income before provision for income taxes:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Total revenues for operating segments	$	9,220		$	9,201
Cloud and license revenues⁽¹⁾		(2	)		(8	)
Total revenues	$	9,218		$	9,193

Total margin for operating segments	$	5,486		$	5,458
Cloud and license revenues⁽¹⁾		(2	)		(8	)
Research and development		(1,557	)		(1,564	)
General and administrative		(292	)		(321	)
Amortization of intangible assets		(414	)		(434	)
Acquisition related and other		(25	)		(14	)
Restructuring		(78	)		(90	)
Stock-based compensation for operating segments		(136	)		(134	)
Expense allocations and other, net		(105	)		(115	)
Interest expense		(494	)		(529	)
Non-operating income, net		99			291
Income before provision for income taxes	$	2,482		$	2,540

⁽¹⁾

Cloud and license revenues presented for management reporting included revenues related to cloud and license obligations that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements. See Note 6 for an explanation of these adjustments and this table for a reconciliation of our total operating segment revenues to our total revenues as reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Disaggregation of Revenues

We have considered information that is regularly reviewed by our CODMs in evaluating financial performance, and disclosures presented outside of our financial statements in our earnings releases and used in investor presentations to disaggregate revenues to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The principal category we use to disaggregate revenues is the nature of our products and services as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table is a summary of our total revenues by geographic region. The relative proportion of our total revenues between each geographic region as presented in the table below was materially consistent across each of our operating segments’ revenues for the periods presented.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019		2018
Americas	$	5,150	$	5,161
EMEA⁽¹⁾		2,553		2,576
Asia Pacific		1,515		1,456
Total revenues	$	9,218	$	9,193

⁽¹⁾	Comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa

The following table presents a summary of our cloud and license business revenues by ecosystem. Applications ecosystem revenues represent the sum of applications related cloud services and license support revenues; and applications related license revenues. Infrastructure ecosystem revenues represent the sum of infrastructure related cloud services and license support revenues; and infrastructure related license revenues.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019		2018
Applications revenues	$	2,821	$	2,761
Infrastructure revenues		4,796		4,715
Total cloud and license revenues	$	7,617	$	7,476

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(Unaudited)

11.	EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock-based awards, stock options, and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan as applicable pursuant to the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2019		2018
Net income	$	2,137	$	2,265
Weighted average common shares outstanding		3,317		3,904
Dilutive effect of employee stock plans		93		95
Dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding		3,410		3,999
Basic earnings per share	$	0.64	$	0.58
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.57
Shares subject to anti-dilutive restricted stock-based awards and stock options excluded from calculation⁽¹⁾		55		81

⁽¹⁾

These weighted shares relate to anti-dilutive restricted service based stock-based awards and stock options as calculated using the treasury stock method and contingently issuable shares under performance-based stock option (PSO) and performance-based restricted stock unit award (PSU) arrangements. Such shares could be dilutive in the future.

12.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Hewlett-Packard Company Litigation

On June 15, 2011, Hewlett-Packard Company, now Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company (HP), filed a complaint in the California Superior Court, County of Santa Clara against Oracle Corporation alleging numerous causes of action including breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, defamation, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and violation of the California Unfair Business Practices Act. The complaint alleged that when Oracle announced on March 22 and 23, 2011 that it would no longer develop future versions of its software to run on HP’s Itanium-based servers, it breached a settlement agreement signed on September 20, 2010 between HP and Mark Hurd (the Hurd Settlement Agreement), who is our Chief Executive Officer and was both HP’s former chief executive officer and chairman of HP’s board of directors. HP sought a judicial declaration of the parties’ rights and obligations under the Hurd Settlement Agreement and other equitable and monetary relief. Oracle answered the complaint and filed cross-claims.

After a bench trial on the meaning of the Hurd Settlement Agreement, the court found that the Hurd Settlement Agreement required Oracle to continue to develop certain of its software products for use on HP’s Itanium-based servers at no cost to HP. The case proceeded to a jury trial in May 2016. On June 30, 2016, the jury returned a verdict in favor of HP on its claims for breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and against Oracle on its cross-claims. The jury awarded HP $3.0 billion in damages. Under the court’s rulings, HP is entitled to post-judgment interest, but not pre-judgment interest, on this award.

After the trial court denied Oracle’s motion for a new trial, Oracle filed a notice of appeal on January 17, 2017. On February 2, 2017, HP filed a notice of appeal of the trial court’s denial of pre-judgment interest.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

Oracle has posted a mandated surety bond with the trial court for the amounts owing. No amounts have been paid or recorded to our results of operations. We continue to believe that we have meritorious defenses against HP’s claims, and we intend to present these defenses to the appellate court. Oracle filed its opening brief on March 7, 2019. Briefing on the appeal is scheduled to be completed in November 2019, and the appellate court has not scheduled a date for oral argument. We cannot currently estimate a reasonably possible range of loss for this action due to the complexities and uncertainty surrounding the appeal process and the nature of the claims. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and the outcome of the appeal process related to this action is uncertain. It is possible that the resolution of this action could have a material impact on our future cash flows and results of operations.

Derivative Litigation Concerning Oracle’s NetSuite Acquisition

On May 3 and July 18, 2017, two alleged stockholders filed separate derivative lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, purportedly on Oracle’s behalf. Thereafter, the court consolidated the two derivative cases and designated the July 18, 2017 complaint as the operative complaint. The consolidated lawsuit was brought against all the then-current members and one former member of our Board of Directors, and Oracle as a nominal defendant. Plaintiff alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing Oracle to agree to purchase NetSuite Inc. (NetSuite) at an excessive price. Plaintiff seeks declaratory relief, unspecified monetary damages (including interest), and attorneys’ fees and costs.

The defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the court denied on March 19, 2018. On March 28, 2018, pursuant to a stipulation, all of the individual defendants, except for our Chief Technology Officer and one of our Chief Executive Officers, were dismissed from this case. On May 4, 2018, the remaining defendants answered plaintiff’s complaint.

On May 4, 2018, the Board of Directors established a Special Litigation Committee (the SLC) to investigate the allegations in this derivative action. Three non-employee directors serve on the SLC. On July 22, 2019, the court permitted plaintiff to file an amended complaint, adding again the defendants who had been dismissed from the case in March 2018. The amended complaint also brought an aiding-and-abetting claim against NetSuite’s former Chief Executive Officer and NetSuite’s former Chief Technology Officer. On August 15, 2019, the SLC filed a letter with the court, stating that the SLC believed that plaintiff should be allowed to proceed with the derivative litigation on behalf of Oracle. On August 30, 2019, members of our Board of Directors that were added as defendants on July 22, 2019 moved to dismiss the amended complaint. No hearing date has been set for this motion. Plaintiff is pursuing discovery. No trial date has been set for this matter.

While Oracle continues to evaluate these claims, we do not believe this litigation will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Securities Class Action and Derivative Litigation Concerning Oracle’s Cloud Business

On August 10, 2018, a putative class action, brought by an alleged stockholder of Oracle, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against us, our Chief Technology Officer, our two Chief Executive Officers, two other Oracle executives, and one former Oracle executive. On March 8, 2019, plaintiff filed an amended complaint. Plaintiff alleges that the defendants made or are responsible for false and misleading statements regarding Oracle’s cloud business. Plaintiff further alleges that the former Oracle executive engaged in insider trading. Plaintiff seeks a ruling that this case may proceed as a class action, and seeks damages, attorneys’ fees and costs, and unspecified declaratory/injunctive relief. On April 19, 2019, defendants moved to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint. This motion is fully briefed and is scheduled for oral argument on October 17, 2019. We believe that we have meritorious defenses against this action, and we will continue to vigorously defend it.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

August 31, 2019

(Unaudited)

On February 12, 2019, a stockholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The derivative suit is brought by two alleged stockholders of Oracle, purportedly on Oracle’s behalf, against all members of our Board of Directors, and Oracle as a nominal defendant. Plaintiffs claim that the alleged actions described in the August 10, 2018 class action discussed above caused harm to Oracle, and that Oracle’s Board members violated their fiduciary duties of care, loyalty, reasonable inquiry, and good faith by failing to prevent this alleged harm. Plaintiffs also allege that defendants’ actions constitute gross mismanagement, waste, and securities fraud. Plaintiffs seek a ruling that this case may proceed as a derivative action, a finding that defendants are liable for breaching their fiduciary duties, an order directing defendants to enact corporate reforms, attorneys’ fees and costs, and unspecified equitable relief. On April 26, 2019, the court approved a stay of this action, which will be lifted if the class action discussed above is dismissed, if the motion to dismiss the class action is denied, or if either party voluntarily chooses to lift the stay.

On May 8, 2019, a second derivative action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The derivative suit is brought by an alleged stockholder of Oracle, purportedly on Oracle’s behalf, against our Chief Technology Officer, our two Chief Executive Officers, one former Oracle executive, and Oracle as a nominal defendant. Plaintiff claims that the alleged actions described in the August 10, 2018 class action discussed above caused harm to Oracle, and plaintiff raises further allegations of impropriety relating to Oracle’s stock buybacks and acquisition of NetSuite. Plaintiff asserts claims for violation of securities laws, violation of fiduciary duties, contribution and indemnification. Plaintiff seeks a ruling that the case may proceed as a derivative action, and seeks damages, declaratory and other equitable relief, attorneys’ and expert fees and costs. On June 4, 2019, the court issued an order finding that this case was related to the derivative case above and staying the case under the court’s prior stay order. On July 8, 2019, plaintiffs in the two derivative actions filed a consolidated complaint. The actions remain stayed.

While Oracle continues to evaluate these claims, we do not believe this litigation will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Other Litigation

We are party to various other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings and claims that relate to acquisitions we have completed or to companies we have acquired or are attempting to acquire. While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will result in losses that are materially in excess of amounts already recognized, if any.

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Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an overview of our businesses and significant trends. This overview is followed by a summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. We then provide a more detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition.

Business Overview

Oracle provides products and services that address enterprise information technology (IT) environments. Our products and services include applications and infrastructure offerings that are delivered worldwide through a variety of flexible and interoperable IT deployment models. These models include on-premise deployments, cloud-based deployments, and hybrid deployments (an approach that combines both on-premise and cloud-based deployment) such as our Oracle Cloud at Customer offering (an instance of Oracle Cloud in a customer’s own data center). Accordingly, we offer choice and flexibility to our customers and facilitate the product, service and deployment combinations that best suit our customers’ needs. Through our worldwide sales force and Oracle Partner Network, we sell to customers all over the world including businesses of many sizes, government agencies, educational institutions and resellers.

We have three businesses: cloud and license; hardware; and services; each of which comprises a single operating segment. The descriptions set forth below as a part of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the information contained within Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report provide additional information related to our businesses and operating segments and align to how our chief operating decision makers (CODMs), which include our Chief Executive Officers and Chief Technology Officer, view our operating results and allocate resources.

Cloud and License Business

Our cloud and license line of business, which represented 83% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, markets, sells and delivers a broad spectrum of applications and infrastructure technologies through our cloud and license offerings.

Cloud services and license support revenues include:

•

license support revenues, which are earned by providing Oracle license support services to customers that have elected to purchase support services in connection with the purchase of Oracle applications and infrastructure software licenses for use in cloud, on-premise and other IT environments. Substantially all license support customers renew their support contracts with us upon expiration in order to continue to benefit from technical support services and the periodic issuance of unspecified updates and enhancements, which current license support customers are entitled to receive. License support contracts are generally priced as a percentage of the net fees paid by the customer to purchase a cloud license and/or on-premise license; are generally billed in advance of the support services being performed; are generally renewed at the customer’s option; and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual period that the support services are provided, which is generally one year; and

•

cloud services revenues, which provide customers access to Oracle Cloud applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud-based deployment models that Oracle develops, provides unspecified updates and enhancements for, hosts, manages and supports and that customers access by entering into a subscription agreement with us for a stated period. The majority of our Oracle Cloud Services arrangements are generally billed in advance of the cloud services being performed; have durations of one to three years; are generally renewed at the customer’s option; and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual period of the cloud contract or, in the case of usage model contracts, as the cloud services are consumed over time.

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Cloud license and on-premise license revenues include revenues from the licensing of our software products including Oracle Applications, Oracle Database, Oracle Middleware and Java, among others, which our customers deploy within cloud-based, on-premise and other IT environments. Our cloud license and on-premise license transactions are generally perpetual in nature and are generally recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer to download and use. Revenues from usage-based royalty arrangements for distinct cloud licenses and on-premise licenses are recognized at the point in time when the software end user usage occurs. The timing of a few large license transactions can substantially affect our quarterly license revenues due to the point in time nature of revenue recognition for license transactions, which is different than the typical revenue recognition pattern for our cloud services and license support revenues in which revenues are generally recognized ratably over the contractual terms. Cloud license and on-premise license customers have the option to purchase and renew license support contracts, as described above.

Providing choice and flexibility to our customers as to when and how they deploy our applications and infrastructure technologies are important elements of our corporate strategy. In recent periods, customer demand for our applications and infrastructure technologies delivered through our Oracle Cloud Services has increased. To address customer demand and enable customer choice, we have introduced certain programs for customers to pivot their applications and infrastructure licenses and the related license support to the Oracle Cloud for new deployments and to migrate to and expand with the Oracle Cloud for their existing workloads. We expect these trends to continue.

Our cloud and license business’ revenue growth is affected by many factors, including the strength of general economic and business conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; the strategy for and competitive position of our offerings; our acquisitions; the continued renewal of our cloud services and license support customer contracts by the customer contract base; substantially all customers continuing to purchase license support contracts in connection with their license purchases; the pricing of license support contracts sold in connection with the sales of licenses; the pricing, amounts and volumes of licenses and cloud services sold; and foreign currency rate fluctuations.

On a constant currency basis, we expect that our total cloud and license revenues generally will continue to increase due to:

•

expected growth in our cloud services and license support offerings; and

•

continued demand for our cloud license and on-premise license offerings.

We believe these factors should contribute to future growth in our cloud and license revenues, which should enable us to continue to make investments in research and development to develop and improve our cloud and license products and services.

Our cloud and license business’ margin has historically trended upward over the course of the four quarters within a particular fiscal year due to the historical upward trend of our cloud and license business’ revenues over those quarterly periods and because the majority of our costs for this business are generally fixed in the short term. The historical upward trend of our cloud and license business’ revenues over the course of the four quarters within a particular fiscal year is primarily due to the addition of new cloud services and license support contracts to the customer contract base that we generally recognize as revenues ratably; the renewal of existing customers’ cloud services and license support contracts over the course of each fiscal year that we generally recognize as revenues ratably; and the historical upward trend of our cloud license and on-premise license revenues, which we generally recognize at a point in time upon delivery, over those four quarterly periods.

Hardware Business

Our hardware business, which represented 9% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, provides a broad selection of hardware products and hardware-related software products including Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, industry-specific hardware, operating systems, virtualization, management and other hardware related software, and related hardware support. Each hardware product and its related software, such as an operating system or firmware, are highly interdependent and interrelated and are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The revenues for this combined performance obligation are generally recognized at the point in time that the hardware product and its related software are delivered to the customer and ownership is

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transferred to the customer. We expect to make investments in research and development to improve existing hardware products and services and to develop new hardware products and services. The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels, including independent distributors and value-added resellers. Our hardware support offerings provide customers with unspecified software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of our hardware products and associated software products such as Oracle Solaris. Our hardware support offerings can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services. Hardware support contracts are entered into and renewed at the option of the customer, are generally priced as a percentage of the net hardware products fees and are generally recognized as revenues ratably as the hardware support services are delivered over the contractual terms.

We generally expect our hardware business to have lower operating margins as a percentage of revenues than our cloud and license business due to the incremental costs we incur to produce and distribute these products and to provide support services, including direct materials and labor costs.

Our quarterly hardware revenues are difficult to predict. Our hardware revenues, cost of hardware and hardware operating margins that we report are affected by many factors, including our ability to timely manufacture or deliver a few large hardware transactions; our strategy for and the position of our hardware products relative to competitor offerings; customer demand for competing offerings, including cloud infrastructure offerings; the strength of general economic and business conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; whether customers decide to purchase hardware support contracts at or in close proximity to the time of hardware product sale; the percentage of our hardware support contract customer base that renews its support contracts and the close association between hardware products, which have a finite life, and customer demand for related hardware support as hardware products age; customer decisions to either maintain or upgrade their existing hardware infrastructure to newly developed technologies that are available; and foreign currency rate fluctuations.

Services Business

Our services business, which represented 8% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, helps customers and partners maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies. We believe that our services are differentiated based on our focus on Oracle technologies, extensive experience, broad sets of intellectual property and best practices. Our services offerings include consulting services, advanced customer support services and education services. Our services business has lower margins than our cloud and license and hardware businesses. Our services revenues are affected by many factors including, our strategy for, and the competitive position of, our services; customer demand for our cloud and license and hardware offerings and the associated services for these offerings; general economic conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; personnel reductions in our customers’ IT departments; and tighter controls over customer discretionary spending.

Acquisitions

Our selective and active acquisition program is another important element of our corporate strategy. Historically, we have invested billions of dollars to acquire a number of complementary companies, products, services and technologies.

As compelling opportunities become available, we may acquire companies, products, services and technologies in furtherance of our corporate strategy. Note 2 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report provides additional information related to our recent acquisitions.

We believe that we can fund our future acquisitions with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, additional borrowings or from the issuance of additional securities. We estimate the financial impact of any potential acquisition with regard to earnings, operating margin, cash flow and return on invested capital targets before deciding to move forward with an acquisition.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB), Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), and we consider the various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the SEC. GAAP, as set forth within the ASC, requires us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent that there are differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include:

•

Revenue Recognition;

•

Business Combinations;

•

Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Impairment Assessments;

•

Accounting for Income Taxes; and

•

Legal and Other Contingencies.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 provides a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Results of Operations

Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information

In our results of operations discussion below, we provide an overview of our total consolidated revenues, total consolidated expenses and total consolidated operating margin, all of which are presented on a GAAP basis. We also present a GAAP-based discussion below for substantially all of the other expense items as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations that are not directly attributable to our three businesses.

In addition, we discuss below the results of each our three businesses—cloud and license, hardware and services—which are our operating segments as defined pursuant to ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The financial reporting for our three businesses that is presented below is presented in a manner that is consistent with that used by our CODMs. Our operating segment presentation below reflects revenues, direct costs and sales and marketing expenses that correspond to and are directly attributable to each of our three businesses. We also utilize these inputs to calculate and present a segment margin for each business in the discussion below.

Consistent with our internal management reporting processes, the below operating segment presentation is noted to include any revenues adjustments related to cloud services and license support contracts that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements. Refer to “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges” below for additional discussion of these items and Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a reconciliation of the summations of our total operating segment revenues as presented in the discussion below to total revenues as presented per our condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented.

In addition, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, stock-based compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets, certain other expense allocations, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, interest expense, non-operating income, net and provision for income taxes are

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not attributed to our three operating segments because our management does not view the performance of our three businesses including such items and/or it is impractical to do so. Refer to “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges” below for additional discussion of certain of these items and Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a reconciliation of the summations of total segment margin as presented in the discussion below to total income before provision for income taxes as presented per our condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented.

Constant Currency Presentation

Our international operations have provided and are expected to continue to provide a significant portion of each of our businesses’ revenues and expenses. As a result, each businesses’ revenues and expenses and our total revenues and expenses will continue to be affected by changes in the U.S. Dollar against major international currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, we compare the percent change in the results from one period to another period in this Quarterly Report using constant currency disclosure. To present this information, current and comparative prior period results for entities reporting in currencies other than U.S. Dollars are converted into U.S. Dollars at constant exchange rates (i.e., the rates in effect on May 31, 2019, which was the last day of our prior fiscal year) rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during the respective periods. For example, if an entity reporting in Euros had revenues of 1.0 million Euros from products sold on August 31, 2019 and 2018, our financial statements would reflect reported revenues of $1.11 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 (using 1.11 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period) and $1.17 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 (using 1.17 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period). The constant currency presentation, however, would translate the results for the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 using the May 31, 2019 exchange rate and indicate, in this example, no change in revenues during the period. In each of the tables below, we present the percent change based on actual, unrounded results in reported currency and in constant currency.

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Total Revenues and Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Total Revenues by Geography:
Americas	$	5,150	0%	0%	$	5,161
EMEA⁽¹⁾		2,553	-1%	2%		2,576
Asia Pacific		1,515	4%	5%		1,456
Total revenues		9,218	0%	2%		9,193
Total Operating Expenses		6,341	-1%	0%		6,415
Total Operating Margin	$	2,877	4%	6%	$	2,778
Total Operating Margin %	31%				30%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	56%				56%
EMEA	28%				28%
Asia Pacific	16%				16%
Total Revenues by Business:
Cloud and license	$	7,617	2%	3%	$	7,476
Hardware		815	-10%	-9%		904
Services		786	-3%	-2%		813
Total revenues	$	9,218	0%	2%	$	9,193
% Revenues by Business:
Cloud and license	83%				81%
Hardware	9%				10%
Services	8%				9%

⁽¹⁾	Comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our total revenues increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to growth in our cloud and license business’ revenues, which were partially offset by decreases in our hardware revenues and services revenues. The constant currency increase in our cloud and license revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 was attributable to growth in our cloud services and license support revenues as customers purchased our applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud deployment models and license deployment models and renewed their related cloud and license support contracts to continue to gain access to our latest technology and support services. The constant currency decreases in our hardware revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 were due to a reduction in our hardware products revenues and hardware support revenues primarily due to the emphasis we placed on the marketing and sale of our cloud-based infrastructure technologies, which resulted in reduced sales volumes of certain of our hardware product lines and also impacted the volume of customers that purchased hardware support contracts. The constant currency decrease in our services revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 was attributable to decreases in our consulting services and education services revenues, partially offset by increases in our advanced customer services revenues. In constant currency, the Americas, EMEA and Asia Pacific regions contributed 2%, 44% and 54%, respectively, to the growth in our total revenues during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

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Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our total operating expenses were flat in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We incurred higher constant currency cloud services and license support expenses in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the corresponding prior year period due to increased headcount and infrastructure expenses that supported the increase in our cloud and license business’ revenues. This constant currency expense increase was offset by certain expense decreases during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, which primarily consisted of lower hardware products expenses, support costs, and related sales and marketing expenses, all of which aligned to lower hardware revenues; and lower general and administrative expenses, which were primarily related to a $29 million litigation related benefit recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 that we do not expect to recur.

In constant currency, our total operating margin and operating margin as a percentage of total revenues increased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 due to the increase in our total revenues.

Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial information, we believe that the following information is helpful to an overall understanding of our past financial performance and prospects for the future.

Our operating results reported pursuant to GAAP included the following business combination accounting adjustments, expenses related to acquisitions, and certain other expense, and income items that affected our GAAP net income:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(in millions)	2019			2018
Cloud services and license support deferred revenues⁽¹⁾	$	2		$	8
Amortization of intangible assets⁽²⁾		414			434
Acquisition related and other⁽³⁾⁽⁵⁾		25			14
Restructuring⁽⁴⁾		78			90
Stock-based compensation, operating segments⁽⁵⁾		136			134
Stock-based compensation, R&D and G&A⁽⁵⁾		310			302
Income tax effects⁽⁶⁾		(339	)		(245	)
Income tax reform⁽⁷⁾		—			(153	)
	$	626		$	584

⁽¹⁾

In connection with our acquisitions, we have estimated the fair values of the cloud services and license support contracts assumed. Due to our application of business combination accounting rules, we did not recognize the cloud services and license support revenue amounts as presented in the above table that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities upon delivery of the contractual obligations. To the extent customers for which these contractual obligations pertain renew these contracts with us, we expect to recognize revenues for the full contracts’ values over the respective contracts’ renewal periods.

⁽²⁾	Represents the amortization of intangible assets, substantially all of which were acquired in connection with our acquisitions. As of August 31, 2019, estimated future amortization related to intangible assets was as follows (in millions):

Remainder of fiscal 2020	$	1,167
Fiscal 2021		1,338
Fiscal 2022		1,090
Fiscal 2023		667
Fiscal 2024		440
Fiscal 2025		124
Thereafter		35
Total intangible assets, net	$	4,861

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⁽³⁾

Acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, integration related professional services, certain business combination adjustments including certain adjustments after the measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net.

⁽⁴⁾

Restructuring expenses during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 primarily related to employee severance in connection with our Fiscal 2019 Oracle Restructuring Plan (2019 Restructuring Plan). Additional information regarding certain of our restructuring plans is provided in management’s discussion below under “Restructuring Expenses”, Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, and in Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

⁽⁵⁾	Stock-based compensation was included in the following operating expense line items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in millions):

	Three Months Ended August 31,
	2019		2018
Cloud services and license support	$	31	$	24
Hardware		3		3
Services		14		13
Sales and marketing		88		94
Stock-based compensation, operating segments		136		134
Research and development		271		257
General and administrative		39		45
Total stock-based compensation	$	446	$	436

⁽⁶⁾

For the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively, the applicable jurisdictional tax rates applied to our income before provision for income taxes after adjusting for the effects of items within the table above, such as for stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring, and certain other acquisition related items; and after excluding the effects of income tax reform (see footnote (7) below); resulted in an effective tax rate of 19.8% and 19.1%, respectively, instead of 13.9% and 10.8%, respectively, which represented our effective tax rates as derived per our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

⁽⁷⁾

The income tax reform adjustment presented in the table above was due to an income tax expense adjustment made pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 during the first quarter of fiscal 2019, related to the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the Tax Act). The more significant provisions of the Tax Act as applicable to us are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

Cloud and License Business

Our cloud and license business engages in the sale, marketing and delivery of our applications and infrastructure technologies through various deployment models including license support offerings; Oracle Cloud Services offerings; and cloud license and on-premise license offerings. License support revenues are typically generated through the sale of license support contracts related to cloud licenses and on-premise licenses, are purchased by our customers at their option and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual term, which is generally one year. Our cloud services deliver applications and infrastructure technologies on a subscription basis via cloud-based deployment models that we develop, provide unspecified updates and enhancements for, host, manage and support, and revenues are generally recognized over the contractual term, which is generally one to three years, or in the case of usage model contracts, as the cloud services are consumed. Cloud license and on-premise license revenues represent fees earned from granting customers licenses, generally on a perpetual basis, to use our database and middleware and our applications software products within cloud and on-premise IT environments and are generally recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer to download and use. We continue to place significant emphasis, both domestically and internationally, on direct sales through our own sales force. We also continue to market certain of our offerings through indirect channels. Costs associated with our cloud and license business are included in cloud services and license support expenses, and sales and marketing expenses. These costs are largely personnel and infrastructure related including the cost of providing our cloud services and license support offerings, salaries and commissions earned by our sales force for the sale of our cloud and license offerings, and marketing program costs.

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	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Cloud and License Revenues:
Americas⁽¹⁾	$	4,357	1%	2%	$	4,293
EMEA⁽¹⁾		2,070	0%	4%		2,063
Asia Pacific⁽¹⁾		1,192	6%	7%		1,128
Total revenues⁽¹⁾		7,619	2%	3%		7,484
Expenses:
Cloud services and license support⁽²⁾		931	7%	8%		867
Sales and marketing⁽²⁾		1,757	1%	2%		1,744
Total expenses⁽²⁾		2,688	3%	4%		2,611
Total Margin	$	4,931	1%	2%	$	4,873
Total Margin %	65%				65%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	57%				57%
EMEA	27%				28%
Asia Pacific	16%				15%
Revenues by Offerings:
Cloud services and license support⁽¹⁾	$	6,807	3%	4%	$	6,617
Cloud license and on-premise license		812	-6%	-6%		867
Total revenues⁽¹⁾	$	7,619	2%	3%	$	7,484
Revenues by Ecosystem:
Applications revenues⁽¹⁾	$	2,823	2%	3%	$	2,769
Infrastructure revenues⁽¹⁾		4,796	2%	3%		4,715
Total revenues⁽¹⁾	$	7,619	2%	3%	$	7,484

⁽¹⁾

Includes cloud services and license support revenue adjustments related to certain cloud services and license support contracts that would have otherwise been recorded as revenues by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our GAAP-based condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements. Such revenue adjustments were included in our operating segment results for purposes of reporting to and review by our CODMs. See “Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information” above for additional information.

⁽²⁾

Excludes stock-based compensation and certain allocations. Also excludes amortization of intangible assets and certain other GAAP-based expenses, which were not allocated to our operating segment results for purposes of reporting to and review by our CODMs, as further described under “Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information” above.

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Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, total revenues from our cloud and license business increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the corresponding prior year period, due to growth in our cloud services and license support revenues, which was primarily due to increased customer purchases of and renewals of cloud-based services and license support contracts in recent periods for which we delivered such services during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. In constant currency, our total applications revenues and our total infrastructure revenues each grew during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, as customers continued to deploy our applications technologies and infrastructure technologies through a wide array of different deployment models that we offer to enable customer choice. The Americas region contributed 33%, the EMEA region contributed 33%, and the Asia Pacific region contributed 34% of the constant currency revenues growth for this business during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

In constant currency, total cloud and license expenses increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the corresponding prior year period, due to higher cloud services and license support expenses and higher sales and marketing expenses, each of which increased primarily due to higher employee related expenses from higher headcount and due to higher technology infrastructure expenses.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our cloud and license segment’s total margin increased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to the increase in revenues for this segment, while total margin as a percentage of revenues remained flat.

Hardware Business

Our hardware business’ revenues are generated from the sales of our Oracle Engineered Systems, server, storage, and industry-specific hardware. The hardware product and related software, such as an operating system or firmware, are highly interdependent and interrelated and are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The revenues for this combined performance obligation are generally recognized at the point in time that the hardware product is delivered to the customer and ownership is transferred to the customer. Our hardware business also earns revenues from the sale of hardware support contracts purchased by our customers at their option and are generally recognized as revenues ratably as the hardware support services are delivered over the contractual term, which is generally one year. The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels such as independent distributors and value-added resellers and we also market and sell our hardware products through our direct sales force. Operating expenses associated with our hardware business include the cost of hardware products, which consists of expenses for materials and labor used to produce these products by our internal manufacturing operations or by third-party manufacturers, warranty expenses and the impact of periodic changes in inventory valuation, including the impact of inventory determined to be excess and obsolete; the cost of materials used to repair customer products; the cost of labor and infrastructure to provide support services; and sales and marketing expenses, which are largely personnel related and include variable compensation earned by our sales force for the sales of our hardware offerings.

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	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Hardware Revenues:
Americas	$	404	-13%	-13%	$	465
EMEA		243	-7%	-4%		260
Asia Pacific		168	-6%	-4%		179
Total revenues		815	-10%	-9%		904
Expenses:
Hardware products and support⁽¹⁾		264	-17%	-15%		317
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		117	-16%	-14%		139
Total expenses⁽¹⁾		381	-16%	-15%		456
Total Margin	$	434	-3%	-2%	$	448
Total Margin %	53%				50%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	49%				51%
EMEA	30%				29%
Asia Pacific	21%				20%

⁽¹⁾

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, total hardware revenues decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to lower hardware products revenues and, to a lesser extent, lower hardware support revenues. The decreases in hardware products revenues in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, were primarily attributable to our continued emphasis on the marketing and sale of our cloud-based infrastructure technologies, which resulted in reduced sales volumes of certain of our hardware product lines and also impacted the volume of hardware support contracts sold in recent periods.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, total hardware expenses decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to lower hardware products and support costs and lower sales and marketing employee related expenses, all of which aligned to lower hardware revenues.

In constant currency, total margin for our hardware segment decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to the decline in revenues for this segment. In constant currency, total margin as a percentage of revenues for this segment increased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to lower expenses.

Services Business

We offer services to customers and partners to help to maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies. Services revenues are generally recognized over time as the services are performed. The cost of providing our services consists primarily of personnel related expenses, technology infrastructure expenditures, facilities expenses and external contractor expenses.

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	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Services Revenues:
Americas	$	391	-5%	-4%	$	410
EMEA		240	-5%	-2%		253
Asia Pacific		155	4%	4%		150
Total revenues		786	-3%	-2%		813
Total Expenses⁽¹⁾		665	-2%	0%		676
Total Margin	$	121	-11%	-10%	$	137
Total Margin %	16%				17%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	50%				51%
EMEA	31%				31%
Asia Pacific	19%				18%

⁽¹⁾

Excludes stock-based compensation and certain allocations. Also excludes certain other GAAP-based expenses, which were not allocated to our operating segment results for purposes of reporting to and review by our CODMs, as further described under “Presentation of Operating Segments and Other Financial Information” above.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our total services revenues decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to decreases in our consulting services and education services revenues, partially offset by increases in advanced customer services revenues. Constant currency decreases in revenue growth in the Americas and EMEA regions were partially offset by a constant currency increase in revenue growth in the Asia Pacific region during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

In constant currency, total services expenses were flat in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019. In constant currency, total margin and total margin as a percentage of revenues decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to the decrease in revenues for this business.

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related expenditures. We intend to continue to invest significantly in our research and development efforts because, in our judgment, they are essential to maintaining our competitive position.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Research and development⁽¹⁾	$	1,286	-2%	-1%	$	1,307
Stock-based compensation		271	6%	6%		257
Total expenses	$	1,557	0%	0%	$	1,564
% of Total Revenues	17%				17%

⁽¹⁾	Excluding stock-based compensation

On a constant currency basis, total research and development expenses were flat in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

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General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel related expenditures for IT, finance, legal and human resources support functions.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
General and administrative⁽¹⁾	$	253	-8%	-7%	$	276
Stock-based compensation		39	-13%	-13%		45
Total expenses	$	292	-9%	-8%	$	321
% of Total Revenues	3%				3%

⁽¹⁾	Excluding stock-based compensation

On a constant currency basis, total general and administrative expenses decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to a $29 million litigation related benefit that we do not expect to recur that was recorded during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and lower stock-based compensation expenses.

Amortization of Intangible Assets: Substantially all of our intangible assets were acquired through our business combinations. We amortize our intangible assets over, and monitor the appropriateness of, the estimated useful lives of these assets. We also periodically review these intangible assets for potential impairment based upon relevant facts and circumstances. Note 4 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report has additional information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Developed technology	$	211	-1%	-1%	$	212
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships		171	-11%	-11%		192
Other		32	6%	6%		30
Total amortization of intangible assets	$	414	-5%	-5%	$	434

Amortization of intangible assets decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the corresponding prior year period, due to a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized, partially offset by additional amortization from intangible assets that we acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions.

Acquisition Related and Other Expenses: Acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, integration related professional services, certain business combination adjustments including adjustments after the measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Transitional and other employee related costs	$	4	-70%	-70%	$	14
Business combination adjustments, net		3	213%	213%		(2	)
Other, net		18	707%	704%		2
Total acquisition related and other expenses	$	25	78%	79%	$	14

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On a constant currency basis, acquisition related and other expenses increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due to higher business combination adjustments, net and higher other expenses, net. These increases in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 were both primarily attributable to higher asset impairment costs related to certain right of use assets and other assets that were abandoned without future alternative use in connection with plans to improve our cost structure and operations prospectively.

Restructuring Expenses: Restructuring expenses resulted from the execution of management approved restructuring plans that were generally developed to improve our cost structure and/or operations, often in conjunction with our acquisition integration strategies. Restructuring expenses consist of employee severance costs and other contract termination costs to improve our cost structure prospectively. Prior to fiscal 2020, restructuring expenses also included charges for duplicate facilities. For additional information regarding our restructuring plans, see Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Restructuring expenses	$	78	-13%	-10%	$	90

Restructuring expenses in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019 primarily related to our 2019 Restructuring Plan. Our management approved, committed to and initiated the 2019 Restructuring Plan in order to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our operations. The total estimated restructuring costs associated with the 2019 Restructuring Plan are up to $584 million, of which approximately $31 million were remaining as of August 31, 2019, and will be recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our condensed consolidated statements of operations as they are incurred through an expected end date of fiscal 2020. Our estimated costs are subject to change in future periods.

The majority of the initiatives undertaken by our 2019 Restructuring Plan were effected to implement our continued emphasis in developing, marketing and selling our cloud-based offerings. These initiatives impacted certain of our sales and marketing and research and development operations. Cost savings that are expected to be realized pursuant to our 2019 Restructuring Plan initiatives are primarily expected to be offset by investments in resources and geographies that best address the development, marketing and sale of our cloud-based offerings including investments in our second-generation cloud infrastructure.

Interest Expense:

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Interest expense	$	494	-7%	-7%	$	529

Interest expense decreased due to lower average borrowings during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to the maturities and repayments of $1.8 billion of senior notes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and $2.0 billion of senior notes during fiscal 2019.

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Non-Operating Income, net: Non-operating income, net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange gains (losses), the noncontrolling interests in the net profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Corporation Japan) and net other income (losses), including net realized gains and losses related to all of our investments, net unrealized gains and losses related to the small portion of our investment portfolio related to our deferred compensation plan, net unrealized gains and losses related to certain equity securities and non-service net periodic pension income (losses).

	Three Months Ended August 31,
				Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019			Actual	Constant	2018
Interest income	$	190		-45%	-45%	$	348
Foreign currency losses, net		(55	)	64%	64%		(34	)
Noncontrolling interests in income		(40	)	3%	3%		(39	)
Other income, net		4		-73%	-76%		16
Total non-operating income, net	$	99		-66%	-66%	$	291

On a constant currency basis, our non-operating income, net decreased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to lower interest income in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, which was primarily attributable to lower average cash, cash equivalent and marketable securities balances during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Provision for Income Taxes: Our effective tax rates for each of the periods presented were the result of the mix of income earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of income tax rates. Our provision for income taxes varied from the tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the periods presented primarily due to earnings in foreign operations, state taxes, the U.S. research and development tax credit, settlements with tax authorities, the tax effects of stock-based compensation, the Foreign Derived Intangible Income deduction and the tax effect of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income. Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 was also affected by an adjustment made pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) related to the enactment of the Tax Act, for which the more significant provisions of the Tax Act as applicable to us are described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019. Future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by an unfavorable shift of earnings weighted to jurisdictions with higher tax rates, by unfavorable changes in tax laws and regulations, by adverse rulings in tax related litigation, or by shortfalls in stock-based compensation realized by employees relative to stock-based compensation that was recorded for book purposes, among others.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
			Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2019		Actual	Constant	2018
Provision for income taxes	$	345	25%	25%	$	275
Effective tax rate	13.9%				10.8%

Provision for income taxes increased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, primarily due to the absence of the net favorable impact of a change in estimate related to our adoption of the Tax Act, as recorded pursuant to SAB 118, in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. This unfavorable variance to our provision for income taxes during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 was partially offset by higher excess tax benefits recognized on stock-based compensation expense during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

(Dollars in millions)

August 31,

2019

Change

May 31,

2019

Working capital

23,509

-15%

27,756

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

35,704

-6%

37,827

Working capital: The decrease in working capital as of August 31, 2019 in comparison to May 31, 2019 was primarily due to cash used for repurchases of our common stock, the reclassification of $1.0 billion of long-term senior notes as a current liability, cash used to pay dividends to our stockholders during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, and the prospective recognition of current operating lease liabilities associated with our adoption of Topic 842 during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by the favorable effects to our net current assets resulting from our net income during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and, to a lesser extent, proceeds from stock option exercises. Our working capital may be impacted by some or all of the aforementioned factors in future periods, the amounts and timing of which are variable.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities: Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of deposits held at major banks, Tier-1 commercial paper and other securities with original maturities of 90 days or less. Marketable securities consist of corporate debt securities and certain other securities. The decrease in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at August 31, 2019 in comparison to May 31, 2019 was primarily due to $5.0 billion of repurchases of our common stock, the repayment of $1.8 billion of borrowings, payments of cash dividends to our stockholders and cash used for capital expenditures. These cash outflows during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 were partially offset by certain cash inflows, primarily cash inflows generated by our operations and cash inflows from stock option exercises during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

The amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities that we report in U.S. Dollars for a significant portion of the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances held by our foreign subsidiaries is subject to translation adjustments caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period (the offset to which is substantially recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss in our condensed consolidated balance sheets and is also presented as a line item in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report). As the U.S. Dollar generally strengthened against certain major international currencies on a net basis during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities that we reported in U.S. Dollars for these subsidiaries decreased on a net basis as of August 31, 2019 relative to what we would have reported using constant currency rates from the May 31, 2019 balance sheet date.

	Three Months Ended August 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2019			Change	2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	6,000		-11%	$	6,722
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	12,386		251%	$	3,532
Net cash used for financing activities	$	(7,802	)	-41%	$	(13,333	)

Cash flows from operating activities: Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers following the purchase and renewal of their license support agreements. Payments from customers for these support agreements are generally received near the beginning of the contracts’ terms, which are generally one year in length. Over the course of a fiscal year, we also have historically generated cash from the sales of new licenses, cloud services, hardware offerings and other services. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee related expenditures, material and manufacturing costs related to the production of our hardware products, taxes, interest payments and leased facilities.

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, relative to the first quarter of fiscal 2019, due primarily to lower net income and certain cash unfavorable changes in working capital balances during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, each relative to the corresponding prior year period.

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Cash flows from investing activities: The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to the timing of our purchases, maturities and sales of our investments in marketable securities, and investments in capital and other assets, including certain intangible assets, to support our growth.

Net cash provided by investing activities increased during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 primarily due to an increase in the sales and maturities of, and a decrease in the purchases of, marketable securities and other investments during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 relative to the corresponding prior year period.

Cash flows from financing activities: The changes in cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to borrowings and repayments related to our debt instruments, stock repurchases, dividend payments and net proceeds related to employee stock programs.

Net cash used for financing activities in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 decreased compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2019 primarily due to decreased stock repurchases as we repurchased $5.0 billion of common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 compared to $10.0 billion in the first quarter of fiscal 2019 and due to lower debt repayments in the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

Free cash flow: To supplement our statements of cash flows presented on a GAAP basis, we use non-GAAP measures of cash flows on a trailing 4-quarter basis to analyze cash flows generated from our operations. We believe that free cash flow is also useful as one of the bases for comparing our performance with our competitors. The presentation of non-GAAP free cash flow is not meant to be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our performance, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We calculate free cash flow as follows:

	Trailing 4-Quarters Ended August 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2019			Change	2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	13,829		-11%	$	15,542
Capital expenditures		(1,663	)	1%		(1,646	)
Free cash flow	$	12,166		-12%	$	13,896
Net income	$	10,955			$	3,708
Free cash flow as percent of net income	111%				375%

Long-Term Customer Financing: We offer certain of our customers the option to acquire licenses, cloud services, hardware and other services offerings through separate long-term payment contracts. We generally sell these contracts that we have financed for our customers on a non-recourse basis to financial institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution. We generally record the transfers of amounts due from customers to financial institutions as sales of financing receivables because we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. We financed $145 million and $89 million, respectively, or approximately 18% and 10%, respectively, of our cloud license and on-premise license revenues in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Contractual Obligations: During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, there were no significant changes to our estimates of future payments under our fixed contractual obligations and commitments as presented in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2019.

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditures and contractual obligation requirements. In addition, we believe that we could fund our future acquisitions, dividend payments and repurchases of common stock or debt with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, additional borrowings or from the issuance of additional securities.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.

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Restricted Stock-Based Awards and Stock Options

Our stock-based compensation program is a key component of the compensation package we provide to attract and retain certain of our talented employees and align their interests with the interests of existing stockholders.

We recognize that restricted stock-based awards and stock options dilute existing stockholders and have sought to control the number of stock-based awards granted while providing competitive compensation packages. Consistent with these dual goals, our cumulative potential dilution since June 1, 2016 has been a weighted-average annualized rate of 1.6% per year. The potential dilution percentage is calculated as the average annualized new restricted stock-based awards or stock options granted and assumed, net of restricted stock-based awards and stock options forfeited by employees leaving the company, divided by the weighted-average outstanding shares during the calculation period. This maximum potential dilution will only result if all restricted stock-based awards vest and all stock options are exercised. Of the outstanding stock options at August 31, 2019, which generally have a ten-year exercise period, substantially all have exercise prices lower than the market price of our common stock on such date. In recent years, our stock repurchase program has more than offset the dilutive effect of our stock-based compensation program. However, we may modify the levels of our stock repurchases in the future depending on a number of factors, including the amount of cash we have available for acquisitions, to pay dividends, to repay or repurchase indebtedness or for other purposes. At August 31, 2019, the maximum potential dilution from all outstanding restricted stock-based awards and unexercised stock options, regardless of when granted and regardless of whether vested or unvested, was 9.6%.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements, if any, and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, if any, see Note 1 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no significant changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 for a more complete discussion of the market risks we encounter.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Principal Executive Officers, one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our Principal Executive Officers have concluded that our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management (including our Principal Executive Officers) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls: Our management, including our Principal Executive Officers (one of whom is our Principal Financial Officer), believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that

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there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

The material set forth in Note 9 (pertaining to information regarding contingencies related to our income taxes) and Note 12 (pertaining to information regarding legal contingencies) of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2019. The risks discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be insignificant also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results in the future.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table summarizes the stock repurchase activity for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased pursuant to our stock repurchase program:

(in millions, except per share amounts)	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
June 1, 2019—June 30, 2019		40.7	$	54.07		40.7	$	3,648.4
July 1, 2019—July 31, 2019		33.9	$	58.93		33.9	$	1,648.4
August 1, 2019—August 31, 2019		14.9	$	53.91		14.9	$	848.4
Total		89.5	$	55.88		89.5

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Item 6.

Exhibits

Exhibit

No.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed By

31.01‡

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer

31.02‡

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer

32.01†

Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive Officers and Principal Financial Officer

101‡

Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 31, 2019 and May 31, 2019, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended August 31, 2019 and 2018 and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

104‡

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL

‡	Filed herewith.

†	Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Oracle Corporation has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	ORACLE CORPORATION

Date: September 13, 2019	By:	/s/ Safra A. Catz
		Safra A. Catz Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

Date: September 13, 2019	By:	/s/ William Corey West
		William Corey West
		Executive Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer