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Otis Worldwide Corp - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON D.C. 20549
 ____________________________________ 
FORM 10-K
____________________________________ 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______.
Commission file number 001-39221
____________________________________ 
otis-20211231_g1.jpg
OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________ 
Delaware 83-3789412
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Carrier Place, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(860) 674-3000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
____________________________________ 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange
on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value)OTISNew York Stock Exchange
0.000% Notes due 2023OTIS/23New York Stock Exchange
0.318% Notes due 2026OTIS/26New York Stock Exchange
0.934% Notes due 2031OTIS/31New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ý.    No  ¨.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  .    No  ý.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
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file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý.    No  ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý.    No  ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated FilerýAccelerated Filer¨
Non-accelerated Filer¨Smaller Reporting Company
Emerging Growth Company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ý.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).   Yes  .   No  ý.

The aggregate market value of the voting Common Stock held by non-affiliates at June 30, 2021 was approximately $34,888,309,556 based on the New York Stock Exchange closing price for such shares on that date. For purposes of this calculation, the Registrant has assumed that its directors and executive officers are affiliates.

At January 21, 2022, there were 424,962,356 shares of Common Stock outstanding.


DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III hereof incorporates by reference portions of the Otis Worldwide Corporation Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "2022 Proxy Statement"). The 2022 Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
Form 10-K
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 Page
PART I

PART II
PART III
PART IV


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Otis Worldwide Corporation's and its subsidiaries' names, abbreviations thereof, logos, and product and service designators are all either the registered or unregistered trademarks or tradenames of Otis Worldwide Corporation and its subsidiaries. Names, abbreviations of names, logos, and product and service designators of other companies are either the registered or unregistered trademarks or tradenames of their respective owners. As used herein, the terms "we", "us", "our", "the Company" or "Otis", unless the context otherwise requires, mean Otis Worldwide Corporation and its subsidiaries. References to Internet websites in this Form 10-K are provided for convenience only. Information available through these websites is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Our Company

Otis is the world’s leading elevator and escalator manufacturing, installation and service company. We serve customers in over 200 countries and territories around the world. Otis has global scale and local focus, with over 1,400 branches and offices, and a direct physical presence in approximately 80 countries.

Separation from United Technologies Corporation

Otis is a Delaware corporation and was incorporated on March 1, 2019 in connection with the separation and distribution ("Separation") of each of Otis and Carrier Global Corporation ("Carrier") from United Technologies Corporation, subsequently renamed Raytheon Technologies Corporation ("UTC" or "RTX", as applicable) into separate independent publicly-traded companies. The Separation occurred on April 3, 2020. References to "UTC" relate to pre-Separation matters, and references to "RTX" relate to post-Separation matters.

The Separation was completed pursuant to a Separation and Distribution Agreement ("Separation Agreement") and other agreements with UTC and Carrier related to the Separation, including but not limited to a transition services agreement ("TSA"), a tax matters agreement ("TMA"), an employee matter agreement ("EMA") and an intellectual property agreement (the "Intellectual Property Agreement"). For further discussion of these agreements, see Item 1A, "Note 1: Business Overview" in Item 8 and Item 15 in this Form 10-K.

The following description of our business should be read in conjunction with Item 7 in this Form 10-K, including the information contained therein under the heading "Business Overview."

Description of Business by Segment

Our Company is organized into two segments, New Equipment and Service, which, for the year ended December 31, 2021, contributed 45% and 55% of our net sales, and 21% and 79% of our segment operating profit, respectively. Our international operations represented approximately 74% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2021.

New Equipment

Through our New Equipment segment, we design, manufacture, sell and install a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways for residential, commercial and infrastructure projects. In 2021, our New Equipment segment had sales of $6.4 billion and operating profit of $459 million. In 2021, our New Equipment sales in China and the Americas each represented approximately one-third of our new equipment net sales, respectively, while China represented over half of our global New Equipment unit volume.

We have developed a range of elevator and escalator solutions to meet the varying needs and objectives of our diverse customers. Our primary elevator and escalator solutions are described below.

The Gen2 family of elevators has been our principal low-and mid-rise elevator solution. Since its launch in 2000, Otis has sold over one million Gen2 units, making it our best selling elevator platform. In 2021, we introduced the successors to the Gen2 family of elevators: the Gen3 and Gen360 digital elevator platforms. These platforms enhance the space-saving, energy-efficient design of the Gen2 elevator with the connectivity of the Otis ONE IoT (internet of things) digital service platform, while adding additional safety features for the passengers and our colleagues who maintain the elevator. Otis ONE is designed

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to continuously monitor equipment health and performance in real time to provide proactive, predictive and transparent information to our technicians and customers. The technology expands predictive and remote maintenance capabilities to support improved elevator up-time and service productivity.

The Gen360 elevator also features a new native electronic architecture, with many mechanical components replaced by electronic components that in connection with our service increase reliability, reduce the potential for entrapments and free hoistway space to accommodate larger cabins. The new Otis One IoT solution turns the elevator into a network of sensors for real-time status updates. A foldable, in-ceiling platform allows maintenance operations to be performed safely from within the car rather than on top of it and, depending on local regulations, eliminates the need for a refuge space above the car and the protrusion on the roof for a flat roof design. With 360-degree cameras in the hoistway, Otis service teams can visually confirm, fine-tune, diagnose and solve many issues remotely without stopping the elevator.

For taller, high-rise buildings, our most prominent product is the SkyRise elevator solution. The SkyRise advanced high-rise elevator platform combines cutting-edge technologies and precision engineering to deliver solutions for residential, commercial and mixed use skyscrapers.

Otis offers a range of technologies for improving the passenger experience as well as the safety and efficiency of the building itself. Our proprietary Compass 360 destination management system groups passengers by their desired destination and directs them to an assigned car that minimizes waiting and ride time. The system's algorithms anticipate traffic demand within a building and improves traffic flow. Otis eView in-car display streams live, customizable infotainment to passengers and connects them to OTISLINE during an emergency. The Otis eCall Plus smartphone app enables passengers to summon their elevator remotely for a touchless experience. We have also rolled out new voice and gesturing technologies for summoning elevators to customers in China and North America, with other geographies to follow. And the new Otis Cab Air Purifier significantly reduces airborne bacteria and viruses, another innovation designed to address customer needs and passenger preferences as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In addition to elevator solutions, we also offer escalators and moving walkways. With a range of finishes and aesthetics, Otis escalators integrate easily with building designs. Our smart design and features enhance sustainability and passenger safety, such as sensor-equipped escalators and moving walkways that efficiently run only when passengers approach, or operate at reduced speeds to conserve energy when there are no riders.

Our New Equipment customers include real-estate and building developers and general contractors who develop and/or design buildings for residential, commercial, retail or mixed-use activity. We also sell New Equipment to government agencies, particularly, to support infrastructure projects, such as airports, railways or metros. We generally sell directly to our customers through our New Equipment sales personnel. Due to the large and widespread nature of the customer base in China and certain other geographies, our direct sales force is augmented by agents and distributors. We also rely on agents and distributors to sell our new equipment in certain other countries and territories. Given the breadth of our customer base and the large number of customers to whom we deliver new equipment on an annual basis, we are not dependent on any single customer and do not have any contracts material to Otis as a whole with any single customer. Our network of agents and distributors is broad and geographically dispersed, and we do not rely on or have any contracts material to Otis as a whole with any single agent or distributor.

New Equipment customers typically engage with us at an early stage during the construction cycle. The timing of order placement depends on factors including project complexity and customer requirements. Elevator installation usually occurs midway through building construction.

Most New Equipment orders are delivered within 12 months of booking, though larger projects can take longer to deliver based on customer construction schedules. When placing New Equipment orders, customers typically make an advance payment to cover costs including design and contract engineering. These advance payments are typically followed by periodic progress payments at specified milestones, such as delivery of materials at the job site and completion of installation and equipment commissioning. Installation is carried out by our installation technicians or through subcontractors, in which case we typically complete the final inspection and commissioning to ensure that our quality standards are met. Revenues are recognized based on percentage of completion. Once commissioned, New Equipment units are typically supported by a warranty for a limited period of time.


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Service

Through our Service segment, we perform maintenance and repair services, as well as modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators. We have a maintenance portfolio of over 2.1 million units globally, which includes Otis equipment manufactured and sold by us, as well as equipment from other original equipment manufacturers. Through our network of service sales personnel, we sell our services directly to customers in all significant elevator and escalator end-segments around the world. In 2021, our Service segment had net sales of $7.9 billion and operating profit of $1.8 billion.

Service customers typically comprise building owners, facility managers, housing associations and government agencies that operate buildings where elevators and escalators are installed. Customers securing services for elevators are frequently different from those who initially make purchasing decisions with respect to New Equipment solutions. With over 2.1 million maintenance units under contract globally, we have a wide range of customers in our Service segment and do not have any single service contract material to Otis as a whole. Contract duration depends on a number of factors, including customer needs, regulatory requirements and industry/geography dynamics. We work closely with our customers to renew these contracts as appropriate. Certain types of customers, such as those owning or operating large properties or portfolios of properties, tend to execute long-term maintenance agreements.

We grow our maintenance portfolio through conversion of newly installed units into maintenance contracts, through prospecting and winning units already in service from customers using another service provider and through acquisitions. Our Service sales personnel seek to win service contracts upon the expiration or termination of existing service contracts from customers by offering a superior value proposition through service excellence, an engaged and technically sophisticated group of field service technicians, a streamlined customer experience and strong elevator and escalator operating performance.

Our services include inspections, preventive maintenance offerings and other customized maintenance offerings tailored to meet customer needs. A basic maintenance contract provides for inspection consistent with local regulatory needs. We also provide customers with repair services to address equipment and component wear and tear, as well as breakdowns. We offer incremental, tiered maintenance and service offerings, with varying levels of coverage up to and including comprehensive component replacement coverage.

Similar to most other electro-mechanical equipment, elevators and escalators are subject to wear and tear, which over time erodes equipment functionality. As elevator equipment ages, we work with customers to help renew or refresh their elevators with modernization solutions that enhance equipment operation and improve building functionality. Modernization offerings can range from relatively simple upgrades of interior finishes and aesthetics to complex upgrades of larger components and sub-systems.

We provide our Service offerings to our customers through a global network of approximately 34,000 Service mechanics operating out of over 1,400 branches and offices typically located in close proximity to concentrations of customers. Our mechanics are critical to our ability to deliver a high level of service to our customers. Our OTISLINE operations provide personalized customer support 24/7. They receive customer service requests and assign and dispatch field technicians, as necessary, to respond to service requests. Our network of service parts centers, repair centers, and obsolescence management capabilities are key enablers to supporting customers by keeping their elevators and escalators in good working condition.

Digital Technology initiatives

Otis has been using technology to monitor elevator performance remotely for decades, culminating in our latest Otis ONE technology discussed under "New Equipment" above. We also offer multimedia subscription options with additional voice, data and video digital services to customers leveraging our IoT technologies. By the end of 2021, approximately 35% of our global portfolio is connected. In 2022, we expect to continue to innovate and expand our digital ecosystem and suite of digital solutions for both our existing service portfolio customers and for new equipment shipments from our factories.


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Research and Development & Intellectual Property

Innovation is a fundamental characteristic of our history and is central to our strategy. For the year ended December 31, 2021, research and development ("R&D") expense was $159 million and 1.1% as a percentage of net sales. In addition to research and development expense, we made investments in digital and strategic initiatives of approximately $59 million, which in combination with research and development expense was 1.5% as a percentage of net sales. We coordinate our R&D efforts globally through an operating model that sets global and local priorities based on customer and segment needs. We have 11 R&D centers and 18 factories around the world, including major locations in China, India, France, Spain and the United States. The R&D centers are strategically located close to concentrations of customers and factories to enable efficient development of engineering solutions that can serve as global model products and adapt quickly and efficiently to local customer needs and local demographic and construction trends. We have approximately 1,300 engineers globally, with increasing focus on digital initiatives, software, design of the user interface and the user experience.

We maintain a portfolio of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, licenses and franchises related to the Otis business to protect our R&D investments in products and services. We currently own approximately 3,700 globally issued patents, and we have approximately 2,700 patent applications pending globally, of which approximately 2,600 applications were filed in the last three years. Our patents are primarily filed in Europe, the United States and Asia. We believe that our patents and trade secrets create a competitive advantage and that we have taken reasonable measures to build a portfolio of valid and enforceable intellectual property rights. However, these intellectual property rights might be challenged and could be found invalid or unenforceable. Loss of strategic patents and trade secrets could significantly affect our competitiveness. See Item 1A in this Form 10-K for further discussion of intellectual property matters.

Joint Ventures and Non-Wholly Owned Subsidiaries

Our international strategic relationships, joint ventures and non-wholly owned subsidiaries are an important part of our business as they support our access to international markets and customers. Results of these entities are consolidated with our financial and operational results. In addition to China and Spain, as discussed below, we also operate through joint ventures and non-wholly owned subsidiaries in other countries, including Italy, Russia, Malaysia, and certain countries in the Middle East.

China

We operate in China through two principal joint ventures: Otis Elevator (China) Investment Company Limited (“Otis China”) and Otis Electric Elevator Company Limited (“Otis Electric”). Otis China is a joint venture established in 1998 for the purpose of manufacturing, installing and servicing elevators, escalators and related equipment. We are a majority owner of Otis China, and Tianjin Tai Kang Investment Co. Ltd. (“Tianjin Tai Kang”) is our joint venture partner. Otis Electric, a subsidiary of Otis China, is a joint venture established in 1997 for the purpose of manufacturing, installing and servicing elevators, escalators and related equipment. Otis China owns a controlling equity stake in Otis Electric. Otis China’s partner in Otis Electric is Xizi Elevator Group Co.

Zardoya Otis

We conduct our operations based in Spain through Zardoya Otis S.A. (“Zardoya Otis”), which manufactures, installs and services elevators and elevator equipment in Spain, and exports elevator equipment it manufactures for installation by certain of our subsidiaries outside of Spain. Zardoya Otis’ shares are listed on Spanish stock exchanges, and the company is subject to the supervision of the Spanish Securities Exchange Commission (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (the "CNMV")). We own a majority equity stake in Zardoya Otis, with Euro Syns S.A. owning a minority position and the remaining shares being held by public shareholders.

In September 2021, the Company announced a tender offer to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Zardoya Otis not owned by Otis. See Item 1A and "Note 1: Business Overview" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further details regarding this pending transaction, including risks associated therewith.


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Competition

We operate in a global and highly competitive industry. Due to the global and localized nature of the industry, there are numerous participants of varying size that operate in our industry. According to industry estimates, there are hundreds of participants that offer New Equipment solutions and several thousand participants that offer maintenance and service solutions. In both the New Equipment and Service segments, major competitors globally include KONE Oyj, Schindler Group and TK Elevator, while there are a number of additional competitors in the Asia Pacific region. Competitive dynamics vary significantly by segment and geography. In the Service segment, independent service providers and other small operators are significant competitors in most of our local geographies. These independent service providers have an aggregate portfolio of about 50% of service units, but account for a smaller percentage of the service business when measured by value because of the types of units and level of maintenance covered by these providers.

There are several factors that determine competitiveness in the industry, including local codes and compliance requirements, customer preferences, price, reputation, delivery and execution, product quality, equipment performance, reliability and long-term service and product support. Our success in both our New Equipment and Service segments depends upon our ability to develop and market our products, services and solutions, as well as our ability to provide the people, technologies, facilities, equipment and financial capacity needed to deliver those products and services with maximum efficiency. We believe our global presence, local relationships and proven track record in executing complex elevator and escalator solutions contribute to our iconic brand, reputation and competitive position in the industry. We believe our business strategies sustain New Equipment growth, accelerate Service portfolio growth, advance the digitalization of Otis, focus and empower the organization, support our ability to successfully compete across the New Equipment and Service segments, and will help deliver sustainable earnings growth.

Compliance with Government Regulations

We conduct our business through subsidiaries and affiliates worldwide. Any changes in legislation or government policies impacting our industry, including with respect to employee safety, labor-related regulations, industrial equipment, licensing requirements, foreign ownership limitations and building and elevator safety codes, can affect our operations. We closely monitor local legislation and government policies in the locations in which we operate.

In addition, our operations are subject to and affected by environmental regulations promulgated by federal, state and local authorities in the United States and regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over our foreign operations. We have incurred and will likely continue to incur liabilities under various government statutes and regulations for the cleanup of pollutants previously released into the environment. We do not anticipate that compliance with current provisions relating to the protection of the environment or that any payments we may be required to make for cleanup liabilities will have a material adverse effect upon our competitive position, cash flows, results of operations or financial condition.

U.S. laws, regulations, orders, and other measures concerning the export or re-export of products, software, services and technology to, and other trade-related activities involving, non-U.S. countries and parties affect the operations of Otis and its affiliates, as do those of other countries pertaining to similar matters.

For further discussion of risks related to environmental matters and other government regulations, see in this Form 10-K Item 1A, Item 7 and "Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 22: Contingent Liabilities" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

Seasonality

Our business and operating results are generally not subject to significant fluctuations as a result of seasonality, although we have experienced lower New Equipment sales in Asia in the first calendar quarter, coinciding with Lunar New Year celebrations. In addition, we have also experienced lower New Equipment sales in the fourth quarter in China, due to a national holiday that occurs during the first week of October which may impact the relative mix of sales within the quarter.


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Raw Materials and Supplies

Due to the global and distributed nature of our operations, we partner with a diverse network of several thousand suppliers globally. These include product and non-product suppliers, as well as subcontractors. We rely on approximately 500 key suppliers for our manufacturing supply chain.

Components and systems necessary to effectively complete our New Equipment projects, as well as to satisfy our maintenance and repair obligations, are often available from two or more sources within the industry. While we believe no single supplier is material to our business, some components or applications require particular specifications or qualifications. In those cases, there may be a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers that can readily provide such components, which have in the past, and could in the future, result in supply constraints or cost pressures due to an issue with such a supplier, including financial or operational difficulties or a contract dispute. Additionally, the slowdown of economic activity due to COVID-19 and subsequent ongoing recovery in certain regions, as well as the impact of COVID-19 more broadly on employment and the economy, have created long lead times and product shortages for certain components and supplier. We implemented mitigation actions to address potential disruption in and other risks relating to our supply chain, including the use of safety stock and alternative materials, as well as risk assessments, qualification of multiple supply sources and use of long term supplier agreements.

Although at times high prices for some raw materials important to our business have caused margin and cost pressures for our business, including in connection with the impact of COVID-19-and the ongoing recovery, we do not expect near-term unavailability or pricing of materials, components or supplies that would have a material adverse effect on our business. We seek to manage commodity price risk through locking and hedging strategies, as well as passing the increases onto our customers through pricing. See Item 1A in this Form 10-K for risks associated with raw material and supply chain, as well as COVID-19.

Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")

Otis is committed to working for the global good of our passengers, customers, colleagues and society. In order to align our ESG initiatives with our broader strategy, we completed a materiality assessment in 2020 to determine our most critical ESG areas for management, goal-setting and reporting. This allows us to focus on the topics most important to our business. We also became a signatory to the U.N. Global Compact in March 2021. Our ESG goals and alignment to U.N. Sustainable Development Goals are categorized into four areas: Health & Safety, Environmental & Impact, People & Communities and Governance & Accountability.

We have published our ESG goals, which can be found in the Investor section of our corporate website. Additionally, we expect to publish an ESG report on our ESG activities, metrics and progress towards our goals starting in 2022. In 2022, our progress towards reducing Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gases will be a factor in determining payouts under our executive short-term incentive plan. Our ESG goals and ESG report are not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K and will be available in the Investors section of our website (http://www.otis.com) under the heading "ESG". Also, see "Human Capital" below for additional information regarding certain ESG initiatives related to our colleagues, including health & safety, employee engagement and diversity, equity and inclusion.

There have been no, and we do not expect there to be in the near term, material impacts on our business, financial condition or results of operations as a result of compliance with legislation or regulatory rules regarding climate change, from the known physical effects of climate change or as a result of implementing our ESG initiatives. Increased regulation and other climate change concerns, however, could subject us to additional costs and restrictions, and we are not able to predict how such regulations or concerns would affect our business, operations or financial results.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2021, our global workforce consists of approximately 70,000 colleagues, with 42% in Asia, 35% in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) and 22% in the Americas.

Approximately 63% of our workforce in the U.S. is covered by collective bargaining agreements. Outside of the U.S., our colleagues are represented by workers' councils or statutory labor unions as may be customary or required in those jurisdictions. While we strive to maintain good relationships with our employee representative bodies, our business may be adversely affected by work stoppages, union negotiations, labor disputes and other matters associated with our labor force. The collective bargaining agreement for most of our bargaining unit colleagues in the U.S. was renewed without disruption in July 2017 and is

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set to expire in July 2022. Although some previous contract renegotiations have had a significant impact on our financial condition or results of operations, we do not anticipate that the renegotiation of this contract will have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, cash flows, financial condition or results of operations. For a discussion of employment-related matters, see Item 1A in this Form 10-K.

Compensation

Our colleagues are vital to our success, and we offer pay and benefits designed to attract, retain and motivate our colleagues and align their compensation with both individual and our overall performance. While our programs vary by location and based on the roles of our colleagues, they include competitive base pay, short-term incentive bonuses, long-term incentive pay in the form of stock awards, retirement plans, health care and insurance benefits, paid time off, tuition assistance through our Employee Scholar program, family leave, dependent care and employee assistance programs.

Safety and Health

Safety is one of the Otis Absolutes. For that reason, safety measures and indicators are regularly monitored by management and reported to our Board of Directors. To promote safety, we have a health and safety management system and regularly measure the effectiveness of our health and safety programs. We empower all of our colleagues and subcontractors with stop work authority if they perceive an unsafe condition or a behavior that may cause injury. We also seek to promote a culture where stop work authority can be freely exercised without the fear of retribution or retaliation, and a learning culture to enhance the quality and delivery of safety and technical training.

For our colleagues to be effective, they need to be healthy. Starting in 2020, with the added stress of the COVID-19 pandemic, we increased our efforts to improve our colleagues’ mental health by expanding employee assistance plan benefits and by bringing increased attention to the importance of mental health. We believe this is an important initiative to continue and we are striving to provide employee assistance plan benefits to all of our colleagues by the end of 2022. During 2020 and 2021, we covered the cost of COVID-19 testing and treatment for our U.S. based colleagues and their covered family members under our welfare plans. We have, where possible, also offered remote work flexibility for our colleagues.

Training and Development

We strive to emphasize development and training, as we believe that individual and corporate success is driven by lifelong learning and by empowering our colleagues. As a result, we provide a range of development and mentoring opportunities that vary based on a colleague's career stage and function. One of our flagship programs is “Otis University,” a global program that builds leadership and functional capabilities in sales, field, engineering, operations, and major projects. We are very proud of our “Employee Scholar Program,” which is a comprehensive, company-sponsored education program that allows colleagues to expand their skills through degree or certification programs. Since the program's inception in 1997, Otis, as a business unit of UTC and following the Separation, has supported Otis colleagues in receiving more than 5,500 degrees across 60 countries through an investment of over $95 million in the Employee Scholar Program.

Ensuring that we have access to trained technicians is very important to our business. Our mechanics receive extensive training to service and install equipment safely. This training, which is provided by Otis and our unions, consists of live, virtual, and on-the-job modules with experienced mechanics. To help us attract talent and provide us with a pipeline of trained mechanics in China, we have partnered with five technology schools in the country to offer the Otis Technology Academy. The students in the technology schools are provided with technical training, certifications, hands-on access to our equipment and an Otis apprenticeship period. We are also increasing the number of women in our mechanic population across the world in order to enhance diversity and to obtain access to a larger talent pool.

Commitment to Change

We aim to be an equal-opportunity employer of choice for people of broad perspectives and experiences, cultures, genders, races, and generations. We want to be a business whose workforce mirrors the diversity of our customers and the communities where we live and work and a place where every voice feels safe, welcomed and heard. To help us achieve these objectives, we:

Conducted an independent review of our Company to uncover and eliminate biases affecting any colleagues in our hiring, compensation, professional development and other business practices;

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Accelerated anti-racism, unconscious bias and inclusion learning for colleagues at all levels of the organization and throughout their Otis careers;

Created a diversity, equity & inclusion ("DE&I") advisory group at the enterprise level and regional DE&I councils to ensure transparency and to hold us accountable for achieving measurable progress towards a diverse, inclusive culture;

Amplified our ongoing commitment to STEM and vocational education, by joining with community and business partners to invest in and build a diverse talent pipeline;

Made social justice and racial equality an integral part of our community giving, volunteerism and external reporting programs; and

Promoted and expanded mental health and well-being benefits, policies and practices to support our colleagues.

In addition, we believe that it is important for us to significantly increase the number of women we have in executive roles. In 2020, we joined the Paradigm for Parity coalition, pledging our commitment to establish gender parity across our executive leadership by 2030. In 2022, our progress against attaining gender parity across our executive leadership will be a factor in determining payouts under our executive short-term incentive plan.

Engagement

We believe that engaged colleagues deliver better service to our customers. We measure engagement by conducting colleague surveys two to three times a year. The results, which are reported to our Board of Directors and management, help us assess how our colleagues feel about working for us. We use the survey results to develop action plans to address areas of concern. The engagement surveys, which anonymizes the data, cover topics such as safety, ethics, belonging, quality, company prospects, inclusion, empowerment, accountability and managerial effectiveness.

Available Information

This Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form-10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports are available free of charge through the Investors section of our Internet website (http://www.otis.com) under the heading "Financial Information" as soon as reasonably practicable after these reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) containing reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

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Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results

This Form 10-K contains statements which, to the extent they are not statements of historical or present fact, constitute “forward-looking statements” under the securities laws. From time to time, oral or written forward-looking statements may also be included in other information released to the public. These forward-looking statements are intended to provide management’s current expectations or plans for Otis’ future operating and financial performance, based on assumptions currently believed to be valid. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “expectations,” “plans,” “strategy,” “prospects,” “estimate,” “project,” “target,” “anticipate,” “will,” “should,” “see,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “medium-term,” “near-term,” “confident,” “goals” and other words of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance, the Tender Offer and the Separation. Forward-looking statements may include, among other things, statements relating to future sales, earnings, cash flow, results of operations, uses of cash, dividends, share repurchases, tax rates, R&D spend, credit ratings, net indebtedness and other measures of financial performance or potential future plans, strategies or transactions of Otis following the Separation or in connection with the Tender Offer, including the estimated costs associated with the Separation and the Tender Offer, or statements that relate to climate change and our intent to achieve certain ESG targets or goals, including operational impacts and costs associated therewith, and other statements that are not historical facts. All forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. For those statements, Otis claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, without limitation:

the effect of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which Otis and its businesses operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including financial market conditions, fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates, levels of end market demand in construction, pandemic health issues (including COVID-19 and variants thereof and the ongoing economic recovery therefrom and their effects on, among other things, global supply, demand and distribution), natural disasters and the financial condition of Otis’ customers and suppliers;
challenges in the development, production, delivery, support, performance and realization of the anticipated benefits of advanced technologies and new products and services;
future levels of indebtedness, capital spending and research and development spending;
future availability of credit and factors that may affect such availability, credit market conditions and Otis’ capital structure;
the timing and scope of future repurchases of Otis’ common stock ("Common Stock"), which may be suspended at any time due to various factors, including market conditions and the level of other investing activities and uses of cash;
fluctuations in prices and delays and disruption in delivery of materials and services from suppliers, whether as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise;
cost reduction or containment actions, restructuring costs and related savings and other consequences thereof;
new business and investment opportunities;
the outcome of legal proceedings, investigations and other contingencies;
pension plan assumptions and future contributions;
the impact of the negotiation of collective bargaining agreements and labor disputes;
the effect of changes in political conditions in the U.S. and other countries in which Otis and its businesses operate on general market conditions, global trade policies and currency exchange rates in the near term and beyond;
the effect of changes in tax, environmental, regulatory (including among other things import/export) and other laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which Otis and its businesses operate;
the ability of Otis to retain and hire key personnel;
the scope, nature, impact or timing of acquisition and divestiture activity, including among other things integration of acquired businesses into existing businesses and realization of synergies and opportunities for growth and innovation and incurrence of related costs;
the timing of closing, if any, of the Tender Offer and the ability to achieve the expected benefits of the Tender Offer and the timing thereof;
the ability to achieve the expected benefits of the Separation;
the determination by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities that the distribution or certain related transactions should be treated as taxable transactions; and
the amount of our obligations and nature of our contractual restrictions pursuant to, and disputes that have or may hereafter arise under the agreements we entered into with RTX and Carrier in connection with the Separation.


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These and other factors are more fully discussed in the “Business”, “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections and elsewhere in this Form 10-K and may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, or in the case of any document incorporated by reference, the date of that document. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. Additional information as to factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements is disclosed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.


Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows can be impacted by the factors set forth below, any one of which could cause our actual results to vary materially from recent results or from our anticipated future results.

Risks Related to our Business

We may be affected by global economic, capital market and political conditions in general, and conditions in the construction and infrastructure industries in particular.

Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be adversely affected by changes in global economic conditions and geopolitical risks, including global credit market conditions, levels of consumer and business confidence, commodity prices, raw material and energy costs, supply chain issues, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, labor costs, levels of government spending and deficits, trade policies, tariffs and trade barriers, political conditions, regulatory changes, fluctuations in residential and commercial construction activity, pandemic health issues (see discussion of COVID-19 below), natural disasters, actual or anticipated default on sovereign debt and other challenges that could affect the global economy. These economic and political conditions affect businesses such as ours in a number of ways. In particular, a slowdown in building and remodeling activity or decreased public spending on infrastructure projects could adversely affect our financial performance.

Our business may be further impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19, including variants of the original virus, has continued to spread throughout the world, resulting in prolonged travel restrictions and shutdowns, occupancy limits or other restrictions of non-essential businesses, including construction and hospitality venues, impacting to various extents our factory operations, new equipment installations and access to units under maintenance. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business is uncertain at this time and will depend on future developments, including the availability, efficacy and distribution of various vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, but further prolonged restrictions or the rollback of reopening measures due to higher infection rates may further disrupt our operations and the operations of our suppliers, distributors and customers. COVID-19 has adversely affected and could further affect the ability of our customers to pay for our products and services and to obtain financing for significant purchases and operations, which has resulted in, and could further result in, a decrease and/or cancellation of orders for our products and services and/or payment delays or defaults. Similarly, COVID-19 and the ongoing economic recovery from the virus have adversely affected and may further affect our supply base and increase the potential for one or more of our suppliers to experience production constraints, distribution challenges, financial distress or bankruptcy, which could impact our ability to fulfill orders on time or at anticipated cost. Additionally, governments, including in the U.S., have enacted, or may enact, vaccine mandates. While the U.S. Supreme Court has recently blocked enforcement of one mandate, other mandates remain in effect, and uncertainty remains around whether additional mandates may be adopted in the future. Such mandates could result in labor disruptions, employee attrition, difficulty securing future labor needs and loss of government contracts. Furthermore, it is unclear what longer term effects the virus will have on the global economy, including the commercial building industry. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.


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Our international operations subject us to risk as our results of operations may be adversely affected by changes in local and regional economic conditions, such as fluctuations in exchange rates, risks associated with government policies on international trade and investments, and risks associated with China and other emerging markets.

We conduct our business on a global basis, with approximately 74% of our 2021 net sales derived from international operations. Changes in local and regional economic conditions, including credit conditions and fluctuations in exchange rates, may affect product demand and reported profits in our non-U.S. operations, where transactions are generally denominated in local currencies. In addition, currency fluctuations may affect the prices we pay for the materials used in our products. Though we engage in hedging strategies to manage foreign currency exposures in connection with certain cross-border transactions, our operating margins may be negatively impacted by currency fluctuations that result in higher costs or lower revenues for certain cross-border transactions. Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, fluctuations in exchange rates may also give rise to gains or losses when financial statements of non-U.S. operating units are translated into U.S. Dollars. Given that the majority of our sales are non-U.S. based, a strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against other major foreign currencies could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our international sales and operations are subject to risks associated with changes in local government laws, regulations and policies, including those related to investments and limitations on foreign ownership of businesses, taxation, foreign exchange controls, capital controls, employment regulations and the repatriation of earnings. Government policies on international trade and investments such as import quotas, capital controls, punitive taxes or tariffs or similar trade barriers, whether imposed by individual governments or regional trade blocs, can affect demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products or services, or encumber our ability to manufacture or sell products in certain countries. The implementation of more restrictive trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs, or the renegotiation of existing trade agreements with the U.S. or countries where we sell large quantities of products and services, procure materials incorporated into our products, manufacture products or recruit and employ employees, including trade relations between the U.S. and China (as discussed below), could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to recruit and retain employees or deploy certain employees to the geographies where their skills are best utilized. Our international sales and operations are also sensitive to changes in foreign nations’ priorities, including government budgets, as well as to political and economic instability. International transactions may involve increased financial and legal risks due to differing legal systems and customs in foreign countries.

China is currently the largest end market for sales of new equipment in our industry, with our New Equipment sales in China representing approximately 35% of our global New Equipment net sales and over half of our global New Equipment unit volume. Changes to market and economic conditions in China, including credit conditions for our customers, or an escalation of trade conflicts between the U.S. and China, may impact our ability to continue New Equipment net sales in China at rates consistent with prior years. Furthermore, as is the case in many countries where we operate, the legal and regulatory regime in China is evolving, and accordingly, we could, in the future, be required to comply with significant requirements unique to China in order to maintain access to Chinese markets.

We expect that sales to emerging markets will continue to account for a significant portion of our sales as those and other developing nations and regions around the world increase their demand for our products and services. A slowdown in urbanization in emerging countries, such as China or India, could adversely affect our financial performance. In addition, as part of our global business model, we operate in certain countries, including Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine, Turkey and certain countries in the Middle East, that carry high levels of currency, political, compliance and economic risk. Our emerging market operations can present many risks, including differences in culturally accepted practices (such as employment and business practices), compliance risks, economic and government instability, currency fluctuations, and the imposition of foreign exchange and capital controls. While these factors and their impact are difficult to predict, any one or more of them could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

We use a variety of raw materials, supplier-provided parts, components, sub-systems and third-party manufacturing services in our business, and significant shortages, supplier capacity constraints, supplier production disruptions or price increases could increase our operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of our products.

Our reliance on suppliers (including third-party manufacturers) and commodity markets to secure the raw materials and components used in our products exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials. Issues with suppliers, (such as a disruption in deliveries, capacity constraints, production disruptions, quality issues and supplier closings or bankruptcies, including in connection with the impact of COVID-19 and the ongoing economic recovery), price increases or

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decreased availability of raw materials or commodities could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers, could damage our reputation or could increase our operating costs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Adverse changes in our relationships with, or the financial condition, performance or purchasing patterns of, key distributors and agents could adversely affect us.

Certain of our businesses sell a significant amount of their products to distributors and agents, particularly in China, that have valuable relationships with customers. Some of these distributors and agents also sell our competitors’ products, and if they favor competing products for any reason they may fail to market our products effectively. Adverse changes in our relationships with these distributors and other partners, or adverse developments in their financial condition, performance or purchasing patterns, or compliance practices, could adversely affect our reputation, competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

We design, manufacture, install and service products that incorporate advanced technologies; the introduction of new products and technologies involves risks, and we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits initially anticipated.

We seek to grow our business through the design, development, production, sale and support of innovative products that incorporate advanced technologies. The product and service needs of our customers change and evolve regularly, and we invest substantial amounts in research and development efforts to pursue advancements in technologies, products and services. Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of our technological advancements, such as the development and execution of advanced digital technologies for the benefit of our New Equipment or Service segment or the development of new products depend on a variety of factors, including meeting development, production, certification and regulatory approval schedules; execution of internal and external performance plans; availability of supplier and internally produced parts and materials; performance of suppliers and subcontractors; hiring and training of qualified personnel; achieving cost and production efficiencies; validation of innovative technologies; and customer interest in new technologies and products and acceptance of products we manufacture or that incorporate technologies we develop.

Our research and development efforts may not result in innovative products or services that incorporate new technologies for our New Equipment and Service segments, or products or services being developed on a timely basis or that meet the needs of our customers as effectively as competitive offerings. In addition, the markets for our products or services, or products that incorporate our technologies, may not develop or grow as we anticipate. We or our customers, suppliers or subcontractors may encounter difficulties in developing and producing new products and services, and may not realize the degree or timing of benefits initially anticipated or may otherwise suffer significant adverse financial consequences. Due to the design complexity of our products, we may experience delays in completing the development and introduction of new products. Any delays could result in increased development costs or divert resources from other projects. If we are unable to successfully develop and timely introduce new products, services and technologies, our competitors may develop competing technologies that gain market acceptance in advance of or instead of our products or services. The possibility also exists that our competitors might develop new technology or offerings that might cause our existing technology and offerings to become obsolete, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

We operate in a competitive environment and our profitability depends on our ability to accurately estimate the costs and timing of providing our products and services.

Our contracts are typically awarded on a competitive basis. Our quotations and bids are based upon, among other items, the cost to provide the products and services. To generate an acceptable return on our investment in these contracts, we must be able to accurately estimate our costs to provide the services and deliver the products required by the contract and to be able to complete the contracts in a timely manner. If we fail to accurately estimate our costs or the time required to complete a new equipment order, or the extent of required maintenance pursuant to a service contract, the profitability of our contracts may be materially and adversely affected. Some of our contracts provide for liquidated damages if we do not perform in accordance with the contract. As a result of these and other factors, we may not be able to provide products and services at competitive prices while maintaining anticipated levels of profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.


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Our debt levels and related debt service obligations could have negative consequences; we may need additional debt or equity financing in the future to meet our capital needs, and such financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, due to changes in global capital markets, our financial performance or outlook or our credit ratings and may be dilutive to existing shareholders.

As of December 31, 2021, we had $7.2 billion outstanding long-term debt. Our debt level and related debt service obligations could have negative consequences, including, among others:
requiring us to dedicate significant cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on our debt, which would reduce funds we have available for other purposes, such as acquisitions and reinvestment in our businesses; and
reducing our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and market conditions.

We may need additional financing for general corporate purposes. For example, we may need funds to increase our investment in research and development activities, to refinance or repay existing debt, or to make a strategic acquisition. We may be unable to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. Volatility in the world financial markets, including as a result of inflation concerns from the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, could increase borrowing costs or affect our ability to access the capital markets. Our ability to issue debt or enter into other financing arrangements on acceptable terms could be adversely affected if there is a material decline in the demand for our products or services, or in the solvency of our customers, suppliers or distributors or other significantly unfavorable changes in economic conditions.

Otis has an investment grade credit rating from each of Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor’s. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our credit ratings, and any actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any announcement that our ratings are under review for a downgrade or similar announcement, could increase the cost of borrowing under any indebtedness we may incur, reduce market capacity for our commercial paper, require the posting of additional collateral under our derivative contracts, or otherwise have a negative impact on our liquidity, capital position and access to the capital markets.

If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, our shareholders will experience dilution of their ownership interest. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt, we may be subject to limitations on our operations due to restrictive covenants or rating agencies may downgrade our credit rating.

Quarterly cash dividends and share repurchases may be discontinued, accelerated or modified, are subject to a number of uncertainties and may affect the price of Common Stock.

Quarterly cash dividends are a component of our capital allocation strategy, which we fund with operating free cash flow, borrowings and divestitures. We also have authority to repurchase our shares under a share repurchase program, which we have suspended in connection with the Tender Offer. In general, dividends and share repurchases, if commenced, may be discontinued, accelerated, suspended or delayed at any time without prior notice. Furthermore, the amount of such dividends and repurchases may be changed, and the amount, timing and frequency of such dividends and repurchases may vary from historical practice or from the company’s stated expectations. Decisions with respect to dividends and share repurchases are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be based on a variety of factors. Important factors that could cause us to discontinue, limit, suspend, increase or delay our quarterly cash dividends or share repurchases include market conditions, the market price of Common Stock, the nature and timing of other investment and acquisition opportunities, changes in our business strategy, the terms of our financing arrangements, our outlook as to the ability to obtain financing at attractive rates, the impact on our credit ratings and the availability of domestic cash. The reduction or elimination of our cash dividend or share repurchase program could adversely affect the market price of Common Stock. Although our share repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term shareholder value, changes in laws or regulations related thereto or short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program's effectiveness.

See Item 5 in this Form 10-K for more information regarding our share repurchase program.


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We engage in acquisitions and divestitures, and may encounter difficulties integrating acquired businesses with, or disposing of businesses from, our current operations; therefore, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions and divestitures.

We seek to grow through strategic acquisitions in addition to internal growth. Our due diligence reviews in connection with our acquisitions may not identify all of the material issues necessary to accurately estimate the cost and potential loss contingencies of a particular transaction, including potential exposure to regulatory sanctions resulting from an acquisition target’s previous activities. For example, we may incur unanticipated costs, expenses or other liabilities as a result of an acquisition target’s violation of applicable laws, such as anti-corruption, antitrust, anti-collusion, environmental or income tax laws. We also may incur unanticipated costs or expenses, including post-closing asset impairment charges, as well as expenses associated with eliminating duplicate facilities, litigation and other liabilities. We may incur unexpected costs associated with labor law, tax or pension matters or to bring acquired assets up to our operating standards. We may encounter difficulties in integrating acquired businesses with our operations, applying our internal controls to these acquired businesses or in managing strategic investments. Additionally, we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits we anticipate when we first enter into a transaction. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, accounting requirements relating to business combinations, including the requirement to expense certain acquisition costs as incurred, may cause us to incur greater earnings volatility and generally lower earnings during periods in which we acquire new businesses.

We also make strategic divestitures from time to time. Our divestitures may result in continued financial exposure to the divested businesses, such as through guarantees, other financial arrangements, continued supply and services arrangements, and environmental and product liability claims, following the transaction. Under these arrangements, nonperformance by those divested businesses could result in obligations being imposed on us that could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, cash flows, results of operations or financial condition.

For constraints on mergers and acquisition activity after the completion of the distribution, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Separation” below.

The Tender Offer of Zardoya Otis may not be completed at the price per share anticipated or result in the financial benefit in the time frame expected.

The Tender Offer is subject to approval by the CNMV and other uncertainties. Zardoya Otis shareholders may not tender their shares or there may be competing offers. The Company may not be able to complete the Tender Offer at the anticipated price or, if it does complete the Tender Offer, to realize certain cost and other expected benefits. If the Company is unable to complete the Tender Offer on the anticipated terms, time frame, or at all, the anticipated benefits may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, and the value of the Company's Common Stock may decline.

We are party to joint ventures and other strategic alliances, which may not be successful and may expose us to special risks and restrictions.

Our business operations depend on various strategic alliances and joint ventures. In certain regions, we operate our business through joint venture relationships or non-wholly owned subsidiaries, including: Otis Electric Elevator Company Limited and Otis Elevator (China) Investment Limited in China; and Zardoya Otis in Spain. (See the Risk Factor above regarding the Tender Offer). A significant downturn or deterioration in the business or financial condition of a joint venture partner could affect our results of operations in a particular period. Our joint ventures may experience labor strikes, diminished liquidity or credit unavailability, weak demand for products, delays in the launch of new products or other difficulties in their businesses. Changes in local government laws, regulations and policies, including those related to investments and limitations on foreign ownership of businesses, could adversely impact our ability to participate in and operate our joint ventures, or could result in changes to the ownership structure or allocation of rights in our joint ventures. If we are not successful in maintaining our joint ventures and other strategic partnerships, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Joint ventures, strategic alliances and non-wholly owned subsidiaries inherently involve special risks. Whether or not we hold a majority interest or maintain operational control in such arrangements, our partners or other shareholders may (1) have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with or contrary to ours, (2) exercise veto or other rights, to the extent available, to block actions that we believe to be in our or the joint venture’s, strategic alliance’s or non-wholly owned subsidiary’s best interests, (3) take action contrary to our policies or objectives with respect to our investments or business or (4) be unable or unwilling (including as a result of financial or other difficulties) to fulfill their obligations, such as contributing

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capital to expansion or maintenance projects, under the joint venture, strategic alliance or other agreement. There can be no assurance that any particular joint venture or strategic alliance will be beneficial to us.

We are subject to litigation, product safety and other legal and compliance risks.

We are subject to a variety of litigation, legal and compliance risks. These risks relate to, among other things, product safety, personal injuries, intellectual property rights, contract-related claims, taxes, environmental matters, competition laws and laws governing improper business practices. We could be charged with wrongdoing in connection with such matters. If convicted or found liable, we could be subject to significant fines, penalties, repayments and other damages (in certain cases, treble damages).

As a global business, we are subject to complex laws and regulations in the U.S. and other countries in which we operate. Those laws and regulations may be interpreted in different ways. They may also change from time to time, as may related interpretations and other guidance. Changes in laws or regulations could result in higher expenses or changes to business operations that could impact our ability to sell our products and services or sell them at expected profit levels. Uncertainty relating to those laws or regulations may also affect how we operate, structure our investments and enforce our rights.

Product and general liability claims (including claims related to the safety, reliability or maintenance of our products) and accident risks during the production, installation, maintenance and use of our products can result in significant costs, including settlements, punitive damages and other risks such as damage to our reputation, negative publicity and management distraction, which could reduce demand for our products and services.

In addition, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA") and other anti-corruption laws that generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA applies to companies, individual directors, officers, employees and agents. Under certain anti-corruption laws, companies also may be held liable for the actions of partners or representatives. Certain of our customer relationships are with governmental entities and are, therefore, subject to the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws. Despite meaningful measures that we undertake to seek to ensure lawful conduct, which include training and internal controls, we may not always be able to prevent our employees, partners, joint ventures, agents or distributors from violating the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws. As a result, we could be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement, changes or enhancements to our compliance measures that could increase our costs, decrease our access to certain sales channels, personnel changes or other remedial actions. Prior to the Separation, UTC, including Otis, was subject to a formal investigation by the SEC related to alleged violations of anti-corruption laws, which resulted in a Settlement Order in which our former parent UTC paid a civil penalty related to certain activities in our business in Russia, China and Kuwait, as well as activities in another UTC business.

Moreover, we are subject to antitrust and anti-collusion laws, including mandatory supply laws and bidding regulations, in various jurisdictions throughout the world. Changes in these laws or their interpretation, administration and/or enforcement may occur over time, and any such changes may limit our future acquisitions or operations, or result in changes to our strategies, sales and distribution structures or other business practices. We are subject to ongoing claims related to alleged violations of anti-collusion laws in certain European countries, where we are subject to claims for overcharges on elevators and escalators related to civil cartel cases. Though we have implemented policies, controls and other measures to prevent collusion or anti-competitive behavior, our controls may not always be effective in preventing our employees, partners, joint ventures, agents or distributors from violating antitrust or anti-collusion laws.

Violations of FCPA, antitrust or other anti-corruption or anti-collusion laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our operations, cause reputational harm, involve significant management distraction and result in a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

We also must comply with various laws and regulations relating to the export of products, services and technology from the U.S. and other countries having jurisdiction over our operations. In the U.S., these laws include, among others, the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Department of Commerce and embargoes and sanctions regulations administered by the Department of the Treasury. In addition, U.S. foreign policy may restrict or prohibit business dealings with certain individuals, entities or countries; changes in these prohibitions can happen suddenly and could result in a material adverse effect on our operations.

For a description of current material legal proceedings, see "Note 22: Contingent Liabilities" in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.


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Our defined benefit pension plans are subject to financial market risk that could adversely affect our results.

The performance of the financial markets and interest rates can impact our defined benefit pension plan expenses and funding obligations. Significant decreases in the discount rate or investment losses on plan assets may increase our funding obligations and adversely impact our financial results. See "Note 13: Employee Benefit Plans" in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion on pension plans and related obligations and contingencies.

Information security, data privacy and identity protection may require significant resources and present certain risks to our business, reputation and financial condition.

We collect, store, have access to and otherwise process certain confidential or sensitive data that may be subject to data privacy and cybersecurity laws, regulations or customer-imposed controls, including proprietary business information, personal data and other information. We also develop products that may in certain cases collect, store, have access to, and otherwise process certain personally identifiable or confidential data of our customers who purchase and use such products either separately or as a part of another product or system or by way of access to our websites or social media accounts. Although we seek to protect such data and design our products to enable our customers to use them while complying with applicable data privacy and cybersecurity laws and/or customer-imposed controls and have experienced cyber-attacks in the past, both our internal systems and products may be vulnerable to hacking or further cyber-attacks, material security breaches, theft, programming errors or employee errors, which could lead to the compromise of such data, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information, improper use of our systems, software solutions or networks, defective products, production downtimes and/or operational disruptions in violation of applicable law and/or contractual obligations. A significant actual or perceived risk of theft, loss, fraudulent use or misuse of customer, employee or other data, whether by us, our suppliers, distributors, customers or other third parties, as a result of employee error or malfeasance, or as a result of the compromise of software, security and other products we incorporate into our products, as well as non-compliance with applicable industry standards or our contractual or other legal obligations or privacy and information security policies regarding such data, could result in costs, fines, litigation or regulatory actions, or could lead customers to select products and services of our competitors. In addition, any such event could harm our reputation, cause unfavorable publicity or otherwise adversely affect certain potential customers’ perception of the security and reliability of our services as well as our credibility and reputation, which could result in lost sales. In addition, because of the global nature of our business, both our internal systems and products must comply with the applicable laws, regulations and standards in a number of jurisdictions, which continue to evolve, and in certain cases, include provisions that are unclear. Government enforcement actions, including due to geopolitical concerns, and violations of data privacy and cybersecurity laws could be costly or interrupt our business operations. Any of the foregoing factors could result in reputational damage or civil or governmental proceedings, which could result in a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Our business and financial performance depend on continued substantial investment in information technology infrastructure, which may not yield anticipated benefits, and may be adversely affected by cyber-attacks on information technology infrastructure and products and other business disruptions.

The efficient operation of our business will require continued substantial investment in technology infrastructure systems, including partial shifting from virtual private networks to cloud-based networks, and we must attract and retain qualified people to operate these systems, expand and improve them, integrate new systems effectively and efficiently convert to new systems when required. An inability to fund, acquire and implement these systems might impact our ability to respond effectively to changing customer expectations, manage our business, scale our solutions effectively or impact our customer service levels, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage and negatively impact our financial results. Repeated or prolonged interruptions of service due to problems with our systems or third-party technologies, whether or not in our control, could have a significant negative impact on our reputation and our ability to sell products and services. Furthermore, we are highly dependent upon a variety of internal computer and telecommunication systems to operate our business. Failure to design, develop and implement new technology infrastructure systems in an effective and timely manner, or to adequately invest in and maintain these systems, could result in the diversion of management’s attention and resources and could materially adversely affect our operating results, competitive position and ability to efficiently manage our business. Our existing information systems may become obsolete, requiring us to transition our systems to a new platform. Such a transition would be time consuming, costly and damaging to our competitive position, and could require additional management resources. Failure to implement and deploy new systems or replacement systems on the schedules anticipated, could materially adversely affect our operating results.


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In addition, our business may be impacted by disruptions to our own or third-party information technology (“IT”) infrastructure, which could result from (among other causes) cyber-attacks on or failures of such infrastructure or compromises to its physical security, as well as from damaging weather or other acts of nature. Cyber-based risks, in particular, are evolving and include attacks on our IT infrastructure, as well as attacks targeting the security, integrity and/or availability of the hardware, software and information installed, stored or transmitted in our products, including after the purchase of those products and when they are installed into third-party products, facilities or infrastructure. Such attacks could disrupt our business operations, our systems or those of third parties, and could impact the ability of our products to work as intended. We have experienced cyber-based attacks, and, due to the evolving threat landscape, may continue to experience them going forward, potentially with more frequency. We continue to make investments and adopt measures designed to enhance our protection, detection, response, and recovery capabilities, and to mitigate potential risks to our technology, products, services and operations from potential cyber-attacks. However, given the unpredictability, nature and scope of cyber-attacks, it is possible that potential vulnerabilities could go undetected for an extended period. As a result of a cyber-attack, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays or other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers; destruction or corruption of data; security breaches; manipulation or improper use of our or third-party systems, networks or products; financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business, potential liability, penalties, fines and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. Due to the evolving nature of such risks, the impact of any potential incident cannot be predicted. Any disruption to our business due to such issues, or an increase in our costs to cover these issues that is greater than what we have anticipated, could have an adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

There can be no assurance that our systems will not fail or experience disruptions, and any significant failure or disruption of these systems could prevent us from making sales, ordering supplies, delivering products, providing functional products and otherwise conducting our business.

We depend on our intellectual property, and have access to certain intellectual property and information of our customers, suppliers and distributors; infringement or failure to protect our intellectual property could adversely affect our future growth and success.

We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, nondisclosure agreements, customer and supplier agreements, license agreements, information technology security systems, internal controls and compliance systems and other measures to protect our intellectual property. We also rely on nondisclosure agreements, information technology security systems and other measures to protect certain customer and supplier information and intellectual property that we have in our possession or to which we have access. Our efforts to protect such intellectual property and proprietary rights may not be sufficient. We cannot be sure that our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents to us, that patents issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors or that these patents will be found to be valid or sufficiently broad to preclude our competitors from introducing technologies similar to those covered by our patents and patent applications. Our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights also may be limited. In addition, we may be the target of competitor or other third-party patent enforcement actions seeking substantial monetary damages or seeking to prevent the sale and marketing of certain of our products or services. Our competitive position also may be adversely impacted by limitations on our ability to obtain possession of, and ownership or necessary licenses concerning, data important to the development or provision of our products or service offerings, or by limitations on our ability to restrict the use by others of data related to our products or services. Any of these events or factors could subject us to judgments, penalties and significant litigation costs or temporarily or permanently disrupt our sales and marketing of the affected products or services and could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Additional tax expense or additional tax exposures could affect our future profitability.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various international jurisdictions. Changes to tax laws and regulations, as well as changes and conflicts in related interpretations or other tax guidance could materially impact our tax receivables and liabilities and our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, we are subject to examinations by various tax authorities. In addition, governmental authorities in various jurisdictions could launch new examinations and expand existing examinations. The global and diverse nature of our operations means that these risks will continue and additional examinations, proceedings and contingencies will arise from time to time. Our competitive position, cash flows, results of operation or financial condition may be affected by the outcome of examinations, proceedings and contingencies that cannot be predicted with certainty.


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See “Business Overview” and “Results of Operations - Income Taxes” in Item 7 and "Note 2: Significant Accounting Policies" and "Note 16: Income Taxes" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K, for further discussion on income taxes and related contingencies.

We may not realize expected benefits from our cost reduction and restructuring efforts, and our profitability may be hurt or our business otherwise might be adversely affected.

In order to operate more efficiently and cost effectively, we may adjust employment, optimize our footprint or undertake other restructuring activities. These activities are complex and may involve or require significant changes to our operations. If we do not successfully manage restructuring activities, expected efficiencies and benefits might be delayed or not realized, and our operations and business could be disrupted. Risks associated with these actions and other workforce management issues include unfavorable political responses, unforeseen delays in the implementation of anticipated workforce reductions, additional unexpected costs, adverse effects on employee morale, the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees or work stoppages, any of which may impair our ability to achieve anticipated cost reductions, otherwise harm our business or have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Anti-takeover provisions could enable our Board of Directors to resist a takeover attempt by a third party and limit the power of our shareholders.

Otis’ amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain, and Delaware law contains, provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids by making such practices or bids unacceptably expensive to the bidder and to encourage prospective acquirers to negotiate with Otis’ Board of Directors rather than to attempt a hostile takeover. These provisions include, among others, (1) the ability of our remaining directors to fill vacancies on Otis’ Board of Directors (except in an instance where a director is removed by shareholders and the resulting vacancy is filled by shareholders); (2) limitations on shareholders’ ability to call a special shareholder meeting; (3) rules regarding how shareholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at shareholder meetings; and (4) the right of Otis’ Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without shareholder approval.

In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control that you may favor. Section 203 provides that, subject to limited exceptions, persons that acquire, or are affiliated with persons that acquire, more than 15% of the outstanding voting stock of a Delaware corporation may not engage in a business combination with that corporation, including by merger, consolidation or acquisitions of additional shares, for a three-year period following the date on which that person or any of its affiliates becomes the holder of more than 15% of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock.

We believe these provisions protect our shareholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with Otis’ Board of Directors and by providing Otis’ Board of Directors with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make Otis immune from takeovers; however, these provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some shareholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that Otis’ Board of Directors determines is not in the best interests of Otis and our shareholders. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.

In addition, an acquisition or issuance of our stock could trigger the application of Section 355(e) of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), causing the distribution of Common Stock pursuant to the Separation to be taxable to RTX. Under the TMA, we would be required to indemnify RTX for the resulting tax, and this indemnity obligation might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that our shareholders may consider favorable.


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Our amended and restated bylaws designate the state courts within the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, which could discourage lawsuits against Otis and our directors and officers.

Otis’ amended and restated bylaws provide that unless Otis’ Board of Directors otherwise determines, the state courts within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Otis, any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer or other employee of Otis to Otis or its shareholders, including a claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against Otis or any current or former director or officer or other employee of Otis arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, any action asserting a claim relating to or involving Otis governed by the internal affairs doctrine, or any action asserting an “internal corporate claim” as that term is defined in Section 115 of the DGCL.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, this exclusive forum provision applies to state and federal law claims, including claims under the federal securities laws, including the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), although Otis shareholders will not be deemed to have waived Otis’ compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. The enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with claims subject to exclusive federal jurisdiction, a court could find the exclusive forum provision contained in the amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable.

This exclusive forum provision may limit the ability of our shareholders to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such shareholders find favorable for disputes with Otis or our directors or officers, which may discourage such lawsuits against Otis and our directors and officers. Alternatively, if a court were to find this exclusive forum provision inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings described above, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to the Separation

Our historical information is not necessarily indicative of the results that we will achieve as a separate, publicly traded company and may not be a reliable indicator of our future results.

The historical information in this Form 10-K for the periods prior to the Separation is derived from the combined financial statements and accounting records of our former parent UTC and is based on a number of estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, such historical financial information does not necessarily reflect the financial condition, results of operations or cash flows that we will achieve as a separate, publicly traded company. Prior to the Separation, our business had been operated by UTC as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as an independent company. As part of our former parent UTC, we were able to enjoy certain benefits from UTC’s operating diversity, purchasing power and opportunities to pursue integrated strategies with UTC’s other businesses. Additionally, UTC or one of its affiliates performed or helped perform various corporate functions for us, such as accounting, auditing, tax, legal, human resources, investor relations, risk management, treasury and other general and administrative functions. Our historical and pro forma financial results reflect allocations of corporate expenses from UTC for such functions, which are likely to be less than the expenses we will incur as a separate publicly traded company. In addition, the diversification of our sales, costs, and cash flows have diminished as a stand-alone company, such that our results of operations, cash flows, working capital and financing requirements may be subject to increased volatility and our ability to fund capital expenditures and investments, and service debt may be diminished and we are no longer able to use cash flow from UTC's other businesses as part of its centralized cash management systems to fund our investments and operations. Accordingly, for these reasons, as well as the additional Risks Related to the Separation noted below, we may not achieve the expected benefits of the Separation.


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As a result of the Separation, certain members of management, directors and shareholders may own stock in RTX, Otis and Carrier, and as a result may face actual or potential conflicts of interest.

Management and directors of each of RTX, Otis and Carrier may own common stock in all three companies as a result of the Separation. This ownership overlap could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when the management and directors of one company face decisions that could have different implications for themselves and the other two companies. For example, potential conflicts of interest could arise in connection with the resolution of any dispute regarding the terms of the agreements governing the separation and Otis’ relationship with RTX and Carrier thereafter.
We may not be able to engage in desirable capital-raising or strategic transactions as a result of the Separation and the related TMA.

Under current U.S. federal income tax law, a spin-off that otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment can be rendered taxable to the parent corporation and its shareholders as a result of certain post-spin-off transactions, including certain acquisitions of shares or assets of the spun-off corporation. To preserve the tax-free treatment of the Separation, and in addition to Otis’ indemnity obligation described below, the TMA restricts us, for the two-year period following the Separation, except in specific circumstances, from (1) entering into any transaction pursuant to which all or a portion of the shares of Otis stock would be acquired, whether by merger or otherwise; (2) issuing equity securities beyond certain thresholds; (3) repurchasing shares of Otis stock other than in certain open-market transactions; and (4) ceasing to actively conduct certain of our businesses. The TMA also prohibits us from taking or failing to take any other action that would prevent the Separation and certain related transactions from qualifying as a transaction that is generally tax-free, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code or for applicable non-U.S. income tax purposes. Further, the TMA imposes similar restrictions on us and our subsidiaries during the two-year period following the Separation that are intended to prevent certain transactions undertaken as part of the internal reorganization from failing to qualify as transactions that are generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code or for applicable non-U.S. income tax purposes. These restrictions may limit our ability to pursue certain equity issuances, strategic transactions, repurchases or other transactions that we may otherwise believe to be in the best interests of our shareholders or that might increase the value of our business.

In connection with the Separation, each of RTX, Otis and Carrier agreed to indemnify the other parties for certain liabilities. If we are required to pay under these indemnities to RTX and/or Carrier, our financial results could be negatively impacted. Also, the RTX or Carrier indemnities may not be sufficient to hold us harmless from the full amount of liabilities for which RTX and Carrier are allocated responsibility, and RTX and/or Carrier may not be able to satisfy their respective indemnification obligations in the future.

Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, the TMA and the EMA, each party agreed to indemnify the other parties for certain liabilities. Indemnities that we may be required to provide RTX and/or Carrier are not subject to any cap, may be significant and could negatively impact our business. Third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that RTX and/or Carrier has agreed to retain. The indemnities from RTX and Carrier for our benefit may not be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, and RTX and/or Carrier may not be able to fully satisfy their respective indemnification obligations. Any amounts we are required to pay pursuant to such indemnification obligations and other liabilities could require us to divert cash that would otherwise have been used in furtherance of our operating business. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from RTX or Carrier, as applicable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses ourselves. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If the Separation, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including as a result of subsequent acquisitions of our stock or the stock of RTX, we, as well as RTX, Carrier, and RTX's shareholders, could be subject to significant tax liabilities. In addition, if certain internal restructuring transactions were to fail to qualify as transactions that are generally tax-free for U.S. federal or non-U.S. income tax purposes, we, as well as RTX and Carrier could be subject to significant tax liabilities. In certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify RTX for material taxes and other related amounts pursuant to indemnification obligations under the TMA.

In connection the Separation, our former parent UTC received a ruling from the IRS regarding certain U.S. federal income tax matters relating to the Separation and an opinion of outside counsel regarding the qualification of certain elements of the Separation under Section 355 of the Code. The IRS ruling and the opinion of counsel were based upon and rely on, among other

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things, various facts and assumptions, as well as certain representations, statements and undertakings of UTC (and RTX), Otis and Carrier, including those relating to the past and future conduct of UTC (and RTX), Otis and Carrier. Notwithstanding receipt of the IRS ruling and the opinion of counsel, the IRS could determine that the Separation and/or certain related transactions should be treated as taxable transactions for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it determines that any of the representations, assumptions or undertakings upon which the IRS ruling or the opinion of counsel was based were inaccurate or have not been complied with. In addition, the IRS ruling does not address all of the issues that are relevant to determining whether the Separation, together with certain related transactions, qualifies as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The opinion of counsel represents the judgment of such counsel and is not binding on the IRS or any court, and the IRS or a court may disagree with the conclusions in the opinion of counsel. Accordingly, notwithstanding receipt by UTC of the IRS ruling and the opinion of counsel, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not assert that the Separation and/or certain related transactions did not qualify for tax-free treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes or that a court would not sustain such a challenge.

If the distribution of Common Stock pursuant to the Separation were to fail to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, in general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, RTX would recognize a taxable gain as if it had sold the Common Stock in a taxable sale for its fair market value, and RTX shareholders who received Common Stock in the distribution would be subject to tax as if they had received a taxable distribution equal to the fair market value of such shares. Even if the distribution of Common Stock pursuant to the Separation were to otherwise qualify as a tax-free transaction under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code, it may result in taxable gain to RTX (but not its shareholders) under Section 355(e) of the Code if the Separation were deemed to be part of a plan (or series of related transactions) pursuant to which one or more persons acquire, directly or indirectly, shares representing a 50% or greater interest (by vote or value) in RTX or Otis. For this purpose, any acquisitions of RTX or Otis shares within the period beginning two years before the distribution of Common Stock pursuant to the Separation and ending two years after such distribution are presumed to be part of such a plan, although RTX or Otis may be able to rebut that presumption (including by qualifying for one or more safe harbors under applicable Treasury Regulations).

In addition, in connection with and prior to the Separation, UTC and its subsidiaries completed various internal reorganization transactions. With respect to certain transactions undertaken as part of the internal reorganization, UTC obtained tax rulings in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions and/or opinions of external tax advisors, in each case, regarding the tax treatment of such transactions. Such tax rulings and opinions were based upon and relied on, among other things, various facts and assumptions, as well as certain representations (including with respect to certain valuation matters relating to the internal reorganization), statements and undertakings of UTC (and RTX), Otis, Carrier or their respective subsidiaries. If any of these representations or statements were, or become, inaccurate or incomplete, or if RTX, Otis, Carrier or any of their respective subsidiaries do not fulfill or otherwise comply with any such undertakings or covenants, such tax rulings and/or opinions may be invalid or the conclusions reached therein could be jeopardized. Further, notwithstanding receipt of any such tax rulings and/or opinions, there can be no assurance that the relevant taxing authorities will not assert that the tax treatment of the relevant transactions differs from the conclusions reached in the relevant tax rulings and/or opinions. In the event the relevant taxing authorities prevail with any challenge in respect of any relevant transaction, we, as well as RTX and Carrier could be subject to significant tax liabilities.

Under the TMA, Otis generally is required to indemnify RTX and Carrier for any taxes resulting from the Separation and certain related transactions (and any related costs and other damages) to the extent such amounts resulted from (1) an acquisition of all or a portion of the equity securities or assets of Otis, whether by merger or otherwise (and regardless of whether we participated in or otherwise facilitated the acquisition), (2) other actions or failures to act by Otis or (3) certain of Otis’ representations, covenants or undertakings contained in any of the separation-related agreements and documents or in any documents relating to the IRS ruling and/or the opinion of counsel being incorrect or violated. Further, under the TMA, we generally are required to indemnify RTX and Carrier for a specified portion of any taxes (and any related costs and other damages) (a) arising as a result of the failure of the Separation and certain related transactions to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free (including as a result of Section 355(e) of the Code) or a failure of any internal separation transaction that is intended to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free to so qualify, in each case, to the extent such amounts do not result from a disqualifying action by, or acquisition of equity securities of, Otis, Carrier or RTX or (b) arising from an adjustment, pursuant to an audit or other tax proceeding, with respect to any transaction undertaken in connection with the Separation that is not intended to qualify as a transaction that is generally tax-free. Any such indemnity obligations could be material.


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Potential liabilities may arise due to fraudulent transfer considerations, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In connection with the Separation, our former parent UTC undertook several corporate reorganization transactions involving its subsidiaries, which, including the Separation of Otis, may be subject to various fraudulent conveyance and transfer laws. If, under these laws, a court were to determine that, at the time of the separation, any entity involved in these reorganization transactions or the separation: (1) was insolvent, was rendered insolvent by reason of the separation, or had remaining assets constituting unreasonably small capital, and (2) received less than fair consideration in connection with the reorganization; or intended to incur, or believed it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay these debts as they matured, then the court could void the Separation, in whole or in part, as a fraudulent conveyance or transfer. The court could then require our shareholders to return to RTX some or all of the shares of the Common Stock issued in the distribution, or require RTX or Otis, as the case may be, to fund liabilities of the other company for the benefit of creditors. The measure of insolvency would vary depending upon the jurisdiction and the applicable law. Generally, however, an entity would be considered insolvent if the fair value of its assets was less than the amount of its liabilities (including the probable amount of contingent liabilities), or if it incurred debt beyond its ability to repay the debt as it matures. No assurance can be given as to what standard a court would apply to determine insolvency or that a court would determine that Otis or any of its subsidiaries were solvent at the time of or after giving effect to the distribution.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

We have a direct physical presence in approximately 80 countries with an overall property portfolio comprising approximately 15 million square feet of space as of December 31, 2021, compared to approximately 16 million square feet of space as of December 31, 2020. We have approximately 2,300 facilities, of which approximately 50%, 37% and 13% of which are located in EMEA, Asia and the Americas, respectively. We operate over 1,400 branches and offices, 11 R&D centers and 18 manufacturing facilities globally. Our principal manufacturing facilities are located across Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France, India, Korea, Russia, Spain, and the United States, of which 10 are owned. Our principal R&D centers are located in China, the United States, India, France, Germany, Japan and Spain. Our branches and R&D centers typically support both our New Equipment and Service segments.

Our fixed assets as of December 31, 2021 include manufacturing facilities and non-manufacturing facilities, such as warehouses, and a substantial quantity of machinery and equipment, most of which are general purpose machinery and equipment using special jigs, tools and fixtures and in many instances having automatic control features and special adaptations. The facilities, warehouses, machinery and equipment in use as of December 31, 2021 are substantially in good operating condition.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

For a discussion regarding material legal proceedings, see "Note 22, Contingent Liabilities" to the Consolidated Financial Statements within Item 8 of this Form 10-K.


Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "OTIS". There were approximately 22,100 registered shareholders at January 21, 2022. The information required by Item 5 with respect to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to Part III, Item 12 in this Form 10-K.

Stock Performance Graph

The following table and graph illustrate the total return from April 3, 2020 (date of Separation) through December 31, 2021, for (1) our Common Stock, (2) the Standard and Poor's ("S&P") 500 Index, and (3) the S&P 500 Industrial Sector Index. The graph and table assume that $100.00 was invested on April 3, 2020 in each of our Common Stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Industrial Select Sector Index, and that any dividends were reinvested. The comparison reflected in the graph and the table are not intended to forecast the future performance of our Common Stock and may not be indicative of our future performance.

Comparison of Cumulative Total Return - Table

April 3, 2020June 30, 2020December 31, 2020June 30, 2021December 31, 2021
Otis$100 $121 $144 $176 $188 
S&P 500 Index100 125 153 176 197 
S&P 500 Industrial Sector Index100 122 158 186 193 


Comparison of Cumulative Total Return - Graph
otis-20211231_g2.jpg


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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information about our purchases during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
2021Total Number of Shares Purchased
(thousands)
Average Price Paid per Share (1)
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program
(thousands)
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
(dollars in millions)
October 1 - October 31— $— — $275 
November 1 - November 30— — — $275 
December 1 - December 31— — — $275 
Total— $— — 

(1)     Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases.

On April 27, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $1 billion of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2021, the maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under this current program was approximately $275 million. Under this program, shares may be purchased on the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, under accelerated share repurchase programs or under plans complying with rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. As a result of the increased debt incurred to fund the Tender Offer, we have temporarily suspended our share repurchases as we focus on deleveraging.

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Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

We are the world’s leading elevator and escalator manufacturing, installation and service company. Our Company is organized into two segments, New Equipment and Service. Through our New Equipment segment, we design, manufacture, sell and install a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways for residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure projects. Our New Equipment customers include real-estate and building developers and general contractors who develop and/or design buildings for residential, commercial, retail or mixed-use activity. We sell our New Equipment directly to customers, as well as through agents and distributors.

Through our Service segment, we perform maintenance and repair services for both our own products and those of other manufacturers and provide modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators. Maintenance services include inspections to ensure code compliance, preventive maintenance offerings and other customized maintenance offerings tailored to meet customer needs, as well as repair services to address equipment and component wear and tear and breakdowns. Modernization services enhance equipment operation and improve building functionality. Modernization offerings can range from relatively simple upgrades of interior finishes and aesthetics to complex upgrades of larger components and sub-systems. Our typical Service customers include building owners, facility managers, housing associations and government agencies that operate buildings where elevators and escalators are installed.

We function under a centralized operating model whereby we pursue a global strategy set around New Equipment and Service, in large measure, because we seek to grow our maintenance portfolio, in part, through the conversion of new elevator and escalator installations into service contracts. Accordingly, we benefit from an integrated global strategy, which sets priorities and establishes accountability across the full product lifecycle.

For additional discussion of our business, refer to Item 1 in this Form 10-K.

Zardoya Otis Tender Offer

The Company announced a tender offer to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Zardoya Otis not owned by Otis (the "Tender Offer"). The offer price is €7.07 per share in cash after adjusting for dividends. As of February 4, 2022, the Tender Offer remains outstanding and has not yet been completed. See "Note 1: Business Overview" and "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K, as well as "Liquidity and Financial Condition" in this item, for further details regarding this pending transaction and financing arrangements entered into in connection with the Tender Offer and Item 1A in this Form 10-K for additional risks related to thereto.

Impact of COVID-19 on our Company

The results of our operations and overall financial performance were impacted due to the COVID-19 pandemic during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. COVID-19 has had, and could continue to have, an impact on our business, including impacts to overall financial performance in 2022, as a result of the following, among other things:

Customer demand impacting our new equipment, maintenance and repair, and modernization businesses

Cancellations or delays of customer orders

Customer liquidity constraints and related credit reserves

Supplier and raw material capacity constraints, delays and related costs

We currently do not expect any significant impact to our capital and financial resources from the COVID-19 pandemic, including our overall liquidity position based on our available cash and cash equivalents and our access to credit facilities and the capital markets.


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See the "Liquidity and Financial Condition" section of this item of this Form 10-K for further detail and Item 1A in this Form 10-K for additional risks related to COVID-19.

Separation from United Technologies Corporation

As previously disclosed, on April 3, 2020, Otis became an independent, publicly-traded company and its Common Stock is listed under the symbol "OTIS" on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") as a result of the separation ("the Separation") of each of Otis and Carrier Global Corporation ("Carrier") from United Technologies Corporation, subsequently renamed Raytheon Technologies Corporation ("UTC" or "RTX", as applicable).

Prior to the Separation on April 3, 2020, our historical financial statements were prepared on a standalone combined basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of our former parent, UTC. For the periods subsequent to April 3, 2020, our financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis as the Company became a standalone public company.

We entered into a transition services agreement ("TSA") and tax matters agreement ("TMA") with our former parent, UTC, and Carrier on April 2, 2020. Under the TSA, we received services for information technology, technical and engineering support, application support for operations, general administrative services and other support services. The TSA and the related trailing exit costs are substantially completed as of December 31, 2021. For additional discussion, see "Note 5: Related Parties" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

The TMA governs the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to tax matters (including responsibility for taxes, entitlement to refunds, allocation of tax attributes, preparation of tax returns, control of tax contests and other tax matters). For additional discussion, see "Note 5: Related Parties" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

See Item 1A in this Form 10-K for discussion on risks related to Separation.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Sales

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Net sales$14,298 $12,756 $13,118 
Percentage change year-over-year12.1 %(2.8)%1.6 %

The factors contributing to the total percentage change year-over-year in total Net sales are as follows:

20212020
Organic volume8.9 %(2.1)%
Foreign currency translation3.0 %(0.4)%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net0.2 %(0.2)%
Other %(0.1)%
Total % change12.1 %(2.8)%

The Organic volume increase of 8.9% for 2021 was driven by increases in organic sales of 15.5% in New Equipment and 4.1% in Service.

The Organic volume decrease of (2.1)% for 2020 was driven by decreases in organic sales of (4.0)% in New Equipment and (0.7)% in Service.

See "Segment Review" below for a discussion of Net sales by segment.


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Cost of Products and Services Sold

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Cost of products and services sold$10,105 $8,977 $9,292 
Percentage change year-over-year12.6 %(3.4)%1.1 %

The factors contributing to the percentage change year-over-year in total cost of products and services sold are as follows:
20212020
Organic volume9.1 %(2.7)%
Foreign currency translation3.3 %(0.5)%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net0.2 %(0.2)%
Total % change12.6 %(3.4)%

The organic increase in total cost of products and services sold in 2021 was driven primarily by the organic sales increases noted above.

The organic volume decrease in total cost of products and services sold in 2020 was driven by the organic sales decrease noted above, productivity and cost containment actions.

Gross Margin

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Gross margin$4,193 $3,779 $3,826 
Gross margin percentage29.3 %29.6 %29.2 %

Gross margin decreased 30 basis points in 2021 when compared to 2020, as improvements in gross margin in both New Equipment and Service were more than offset by overall segment mix.

Gross margin increased 40 basis points in 2020 when compared to 2019, primarily driven by improvement in the Service margin and overall segment mix, partially offset by a decrease in the New Equipment margin.

Research and Development

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Research and development$159 $152 $163 
Percentage of Net sales1.1 %1.2 %1.2 %

Research and development spending increased $7 million, or 4.6%, in 2021 compared to 2020. Research and development expense as a percentage of net sales has remained relatively flat year-over-year. Research and development includes product development and innovation, including for IoT and developing the next generation of connected elevators and escalators.

Research and development spending decreased approximately $11 million, or (6.7)%, in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily as a result of cost containment actions taken in 2020. Research and development expenses remained relatively consistent as a percentage of Net sales.


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Selling, General and Administrative

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Selling, general and administrative$1,948 $1,924 $1,810 
Percentage of Net sales13.6 %15.1 %13.8 %

2021 Compared with 2020

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $24 million, or 1.2%, in 2021. The primary drivers of the change are the following:

Higher employment and information technology costs, including incremental standalone public company costs, and the absence of cost containment actions taken during 2020 in response to COVID-19;

Impact of unfavorable foreign exchange of $38 million compared to 2020;

These increases were partially offset by lower non-recurring Separation-related costs and the absence of UTC allocations of $105 million.

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of Net sales decreased 150 basis points in 2021 compared to 2020, as Net sales increased at a faster rate than expenses.

2020 Compared with 2019

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $114 million, or 6.3%, in 2020, The primary drivers of the change are the following:

Lower employment costs and lower discretionary spending, including cost containment actions taken in response to COVID-19, and the absence of corporate allocations from UTC, being more than offset by

Higher non-recurring Separation-related costs and incremental standalone public company costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of Net sales increased 130 basis points in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily driven by the increase in non-recurring Separation-related costs, incremental standalone public company costs and lower Net sales.

Restructuring Costs

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Restructuring costs$56$77$54

We initiate restructuring actions to keep our cost structure competitive. Charges generally arise from severance related to workforce reductions, and to a lesser degree, facility exit and lease termination costs associated with the consolidation of office and manufacturing operations. We continue to closely monitor the economic environment and may undertake further restructuring actions to keep our cost structure aligned with the demands of the prevailing market conditions.

Total 2021 restructuring costs include $41 million of costs related to 2021 actions, $13 million of costs related to 2020 actions and $2 million of costs related to pre-2020 actions.

Most of the expected charges will require cash payments, which we have funded and expect to continue to fund with cash generated from operations. During 2021, we had cash outflows of approximately $51 million related to the restructuring actions and expect to make cash payments of $47 million to complete the actions announced, which is comprised of $7 million of additional restructuring expenses and $40 million of existing restructuring accruals as of December 31, 2021.

We generally expect to achieve annual recurring savings within the two-year period subsequent to initiating the actions, including $41 million for the 2021 actions and $55 million for the 2020 actions, of which approximately $66 million was realized for the 2021 and 2020 actions during the current year.

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For additional discussion of restructuring, see Note 17, "Restructuring Costs" in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Income (Expense), Net

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Other income (expense), net$22$(64)$(39)

Other income (expense), net primarily includes the impact of changes in the fair value and settlement of derivatives, gains or losses on sale of businesses and fixed assets, earnings from equity method investments, fair value changes on equity securities, impairments, non-recurring Separation-related expenses and certain other operating items.

The change in Other income (expense), net of $86 million in 2021 compared to 2020, was primarily driven by the absence of a fixed asset impairment of $(71) million and related licensing costs of $(14) million recognized during 2020.

The change in Other income (expense), net of $(25) million in 2020 compared to 2019, was driven by fixed asset impairments of $(71) million and related license costs of $(14) million and non-recurring Separation-related expenses. These were partially offset by favorable mark-to-market adjustments on foreign currency derivatives of $46 million when compared to 2019, the absence of the loss on the sale of a business of $19 million included in the 2019 results and a non-recurring gain of $17 million related to an expected insurance recovery recognized for property damage as a result of the fire in our manufacturing facility in Germany in 2020.

See "Note 5: Related Parties" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further discussion on costs related to the Separation.

Interest Expense (Income), Net

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Interest expense (income), net$136$122$(14)

Interest expense (income), net primarily relates to interest expense on our external debt, offset by interest income earned on cash balances, short-term investments and, in 2019 and prior, related party activity between Otis and our former parent, UTC.

The increase in Interest expense (income), net of $14 million in 2021 compared to 2020, was primarily driven by interest expense on the external debt associated with the Separation, which was not outstanding for the full year of 2020, as well as costs associated with the bridge financing and related guarantees and the interest expense related to the Tender Offer. This was partially offset by lower interest expense as a result of the debt refinancing and debt repayments during 2021. For additional discussion of debt refinancing and repayments, see the "Liquidity and Financial Condition" section below.

The increase in Interest expense (income), net in 2020 compared to 2019 was primarily driven by interest expense of $124 million on our external debt and debt issuance cost amortization of $5 million in 2020. These expenses were partially offset by interest income on short-term investments.

The average interest rate on our external debt for 2021 and 2020 was 2.3%.

For additional discussion of borrowings, see "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.


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Income Taxes

 202120202019
Effective tax rate27.6 %30.1 %31.9 %

The 2021, 2020 and 2019 effective tax rates are higher than the statutory U.S. rate primarily due to higher international tax rates as compared to the lower U.S. federal statutory rate and foreign earnings subject to U.S. tax under the provisions of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA").

The 2021 effective tax rate is lower than the 2020 effective tax rate primarily due to the following:

$16 million tax benefit related to repatriation of foreign earnings as a result of changes to planned debt repayments and in estimates related to Otis’ pre-Separation tax attributes;

$16 million decrease in U.S. tax related to base erosion and anti-abuse tax in 2021;

Absence of the tax cost resulting from Separation-related expenses and fixed asset impairment incurred in 2020; and

The net impact of income tax settlements related to the Separation, as discussed in Note 5, "Related Parties".

The 2020 effective tax rate is lower than the 2019 effective tax rate primarily due to a $10 million tax benefit related to our change in assertion of no longer intending to reinvest certain undistributed earnings of our international subsidiaries made during 2020 as compared to the liability previously recorded by UTC, a decrease as a result of tax regulations related to the TCJA that were enacted during 2020, as well as a recognition of a Separation-related foreign tax loss, all partially offset by incremental withholding taxes in 2020.

For additional discussion of income taxes and the effective income tax rate, see "Note 16: Income Taxes" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries' Earnings

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings$174$150$151

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings increased in 2021 in comparison to 2020, primarily driven by an increase in net income from non-wholly owned subsidiaries and the impact of foreign exchange rates. Ownership interest in the underlying non-wholly owned subsidiaries has remained generally consistent year-over-year.

For additional discussion of the Zardoya Otis Tender Offer, see "Note 1: Business Overview" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings remained consistent in 2020 in comparison to 2019.

Net Income Attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)202120202019
Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation$1,246$906$1,116
Diluted earnings per share$2.89$2.08$2.55

Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation increased in 2021, compared to the same period in 2020, primarily driven by higher operating profit and the benefit of a lower effective tax rate, partially offset by higher noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings and higher interest expense.

Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation decreased in 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, primarily driven by non-recurring Separation-related costs, fixed asset impairments, non-recurring Separation-related tax

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benefits, the impact of non-recurring tax items, and incremental standalone public company costs incurred in 2020 after the Separation.

For additional discussion of the net income attributable to shareholders and earnings per share, see "Note 3: Earnings Per Share" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.
Segment Review
Net SalesOperating ProfitOperating Profit Margin
(dollars in millions)202120202019202120202019202120202019
New Equipment$6,428$5,371$5,648$459$318$3937.1 %5.9 %7.0 %
Service7,8707,3857,4701,7621,6111,60322.4 %21.8 %21.5 %
Total segment14,29812,75613,1182,2211,9291,99615.5 %15.1 %15.2 %
General corporate expenses and other(113)(290)(182) — — 
Total$14,298$12,756$13,118$2,108$1,639$1,81414.7 %12.8 %13.8 %

As previously disclosed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2021, we changed how we present and discuss operating profit in our Segment Review of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Previously, we presented and discussed the percentage change in segment operating profit between periods using organic/operational profit, which excluded the impact of foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures and restructuring costs. We are now presenting and discussing, including for the 2020 to 2019 comparison, the change in the total dollar amount of segment operating profit and the percentage change in operating profit margin between periods. There is no change in the amounts of operating profit that we have previously disclosed. We have continued to use the same key metrics to explain the changes in our operating performance that we previously used. For example, as discussed below, the drivers of the changes in 2021 relative to the prior year are volume, rate drivers, selling general and administrative expense, foreign exchange and restructuring which are consistent with the drivers we have disclosed in the past where applicable. In addition, we will discuss the impact of foreign currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures and restructuring to the extent they are meaningful to understanding our performance. We believe this changed approach aligns better with how we measure our performance.


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New Equipment

The New Equipment segment designs, manufactures, sells and installs a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways in residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure projects. Our New Equipment customers include real-estate and building developers and general contractors who develop and/or design buildings for residential, commercial, retail or mixed-use activity. We sell directly to customers as well as through agents and distributors. We also sell New Equipment to government agencies to support infrastructure projects, such as airports, railways or metros.

Summary performance for New Equipment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

 Total Increase (Decrease)
Year-Over-Year for:
(dollars in millions)2021202020192021 compared with 20202020 compared with 2019
Net sales$6,428 $5,371 $5,648 $1,05719.7 %$(277)(4.9)%
Cost of sales5,293 4,439 4,640 85419.2 %(201)(4.3)%
1,135 932 1,008 20321.8 %(76)(7.5)%
Operating expenses 676 614 615 6210.1 %(1)(0.2)%
Operating profit$459 $318 $393 $14144.3 %$(75)(19.1)%
Operating profit margin7.1 %5.9 %7.0 %

Summary analysis of the Net sales change for New Equipment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 compared with the prior years was as follows:

Components of Net sales change:20212020
Organic15.5 %(4.0)%
Foreign currency translation4.1 %(0.8)%
Acquisitions/Divestitures, net0.1 %(0.1)%
Total % change19.7 %(4.9)%

2021 Compared with 2020

The organic sales increase of 15.5% was driven by mid-teens growth in the Americas, high teens growth in Asia and high single digit growth in EMEA.

New Equipment operating profit increased $141 million, primarily due to higher volume of $140 million, with an operating margin increase of 120 basis points. Favorable field installation and material productivity was partially offset by unfavorable price and mix and commodity headwinds. Foreign currency tailwinds of $30 million were more than offset by higher selling, general and administrative costs of $40 million.

2020 Compared with 2019

The organic sales decrease of (4.0)% was primarily driven by organic sales declines in all regions primarily due to impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

New Equipment operating profit decreased $(75) million, with an operating profit margin decrease of 110 basis points. Strong material productivity of $60 million and cost containment actions were more than offset by lower volume of $(35) million and unfavorable rate drivers of $(90) million due to under-absorption, field inefficiencies, price and mix and higher bad debt expense. New Equipment operating profit was also impacted by foreign currency headwinds of $(10) million, higher restructuring costs of $(10) million and incremental public company standalone costs.


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Service

The Service segment performs maintenance and repair services for both our products and those of other manufacturers and provides modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators. Maintenance services include inspections to ensure code compliance, preventive maintenance offerings and other customized maintenance offerings tailored to meet customer needs, as well as repair services that address equipment and component wear and tear, and breakdowns. Modernization services enhance equipment operation and improve building functionality. Modernization offerings can range from relatively simple upgrades of interior finishes and aesthetics, to complex upgrades of larger components and sub-systems. Our typical Service customers include building owners, facility managers, housing associations and government agencies that operate buildings where elevators and escalators are installed.

Summary performance for Service for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

 Total Increase (Decrease)
Year-Over-Year for:
(dollars in millions)2021202020192021 compared with 20202020 compared with 2019
Net sales$7,870 $7,385 $7,470 $4856.6 %$(85)(1.1)%
Cost of sales4,812 4,538 4,652 2746.0 %(114)(2.5)%
3,058 2,847 2,818 2117.4 %291.0 %
Operating expenses 1,296 1,236 1,215 604.9 %211.7 %
Operating profit$1,762 $1,611 $1,603 $1519.4 %$80.5 %
Operating profit margin22.4 %21.8 %21.5 %

Summary analysis of the Net sales change for Service for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 compared with the prior years was as follows:

Components of Net sales change:20212020
Organic4.1 %(0.7)%
Foreign currency translation2.3 %(0.1)%
Acquisitions/Divestitures, net0.2 %(0.3)%
Total % change6.6 %(1.1)%

2021 Compared with 2020

Net Sales

The organic sales increase of 4.1% is due to organic sales increases in maintenance and repair of 4.5% and modernization of 2.5%.

Components of Net sales change:Maintenance and RepairModernization
Organic4.5 %2.5 %
Foreign currency translation2.2 %1.9 %
Acquisitions/Divestitures, net0.3 %0.1 %
Total % change7.0 %4.5 %

Operating profit

Service operating profit increased $151 million, primarily due to higher volume of $120 million, with an operating margin increase of 60 basis points. Favorable pricing and mix and lower bad debt expense were partially offset by the absence of the benefit from prior year field actions taken in response to COVID-19. Foreign exchange tailwinds of $35 million and lower restructuring expense of $15 million were more than offset by higher selling general and administrative costs of $60 million, including the impact from cost containment actions taken in the prior year.

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2020 Compared with 2019

Net Sales

The organic sales decrease of (0.7)% is due to a sales decrease in maintenance and repair of (0.9)%, with modernization sales remaining flat.

Components of Net sales change:Maintenance and RepairModernization
Organic(0.9)%0.1 %
Foreign currency translation(0.1)%0.1 %
Acquisitions/Divestitures, net(0.2)%(1.1)%
Total % change(1.2)%(0.9)%

Operating Profit

Service operating profit increased $8 million, with an operating profit margin increase of 30 basis points. Favorable productivity, pricing and mix, and cost containment actions more than offset the combined impact of price concessions, lower volume and higher bad debt expense. Service operating profit was also favorably impacted by foreign currency, offset by higher restructuring costs and incremental public company standalone costs.

General Corporate Expenses and Other

(dollars in millions)202120202019
General corporate expenses and other$(113)$(290)$(182)

General corporate expenses and other decreased $(177) million in 2021 compared to 2020, primarily due to the absence of a fixed asset impairment of $(71) million and related licensing costs of $(14) million recognized in 2020, as well as lower non-recurring Separation costs and the absence of UTC allocations of $(108) million.

General corporate expenses and other increased $108 million in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily driven by fixed asset impairments of $71 million and associated license costs of approximately $14 million, non-recurring Separation-related costs of $119 million and incremental standalone public company costs in 2020. These were partially offset by favorable mark-to-market adjustments on foreign currency derivatives of $46 million when compared to the prior period, the absence of losses on the sale of a business of $19 million that occurred during 2019 and a non-recurring gain of approximately $17 million related to an expected insurance recovery as a result of the fire in our manufacturing facility in Germany recognized in 2020.

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LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

(dollars in millions)December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents$1,565 $1,782 
Total debt7,273 5,963 
Net debt (total debt less cash and cash equivalents)5,708 4,181 
Total equity(3,144)(3,395)
Total capitalization (total debt plus total equity)4,129 2,568 
Net capitalization (total debt plus total equity less cash and cash equivalents)2,564 786 
Total debt to total capitalization176 %232 %
Net debt to net capitalization223 %532 %

As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.6 billion, of which approximately 91% was held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by reviewing available funds among the many subsidiaries through which we conduct our business and the cost effectiveness with which those funds can be accessed. On occasion, we are required to maintain cash deposits with certain banks with respect to contractual obligations related to acquisitions and divestitures or other legal obligations. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the amount of such restricted cash was approximately $1.9 billion and $19 million, respectively, including the proceeds from the issuance of debt that is restricted in order to fund the Tender Offer. See further discussion of debt issuances below.

From time-to-time we may need to access the capital markets to obtain financing. We may incur indebtedness or issue equity as needed. Although we believe that the arrangements in place as of December 31, 2021 permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future could be impacted by many factors, including (1) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (2) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (3) the current state of the economy, including the impact of COVID-19. There can be no assurance that we will continue to have access to the capital markets on terms acceptable to us.

The following is a summary of the long-term debt issuances in 2021 and 2020:

(dollars in millions)
Issuance DateDescription of DebtAggregate Principal Balance
November 12, 2021
0.000% notes due 2023 (€500 million principal value)
$572
November 12, 2021
0.318% notes due 2026 (€600 million principal value)
687
November 12, 2021
0.934% notes due 2031 (€500 million principal value)
572
March 11, 2021
0.37% notes due 2026 (¥21,500 million principal value)
199
March 27, 2020LIBOR plus 112.5 bps term loan due 2023 (the "Term Loan")1,000
February 27, 2020LIBOR plus 45 bps floating rate notes due 2023500
February 27, 20202.056% notes due 2025 1,300
February 27, 20202.293% notes due 2027 500
February 27, 20202.565% notes due 2030 1,500
February 27, 20203.112% notes due 2040 750
February 27, 20203.362% notes due 2050 750

The net proceeds from the February and March 2020 debt issuances listed above, totaling $6.3 billion, were used to distribute cash to UTC as part of the Separation in 2020. The proceeds from the March 2021 issuance of Japanese Yen notes listed above were used to repay a portion of our outstanding Euro denominated commercial paper. The proceeds from the November 2021 issuance of the Euro notes listed above are held in escrow to fund the Tender Offer, which is reflected as Restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021.

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The following is a summary of the long-term debt repayments in 2021 and 2020:

(dollars in millions)
Payment DateDescription of DebtTotal Principal Payments
11-20-2020LIBOR plus 112.5 bps term loan due 2023$250
09-28-2020LIBOR plus 112.5 bps term loan due 2023$750
In 2020, we repaid the $1.0 billion term loan in full, using cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of Euro denominated and US Dollar denominated commercial paper. In 2021, the commercial paper was repaid in full, using cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of the Japanese Yen notes. For additional discussion of borrowings, including commercial paper activity, see "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

Following the enactment of the TCJA, and after reassessing as part of the Separation, the Company determined that it no longer intends to reinvest certain undistributed earnings of our international subsidiaries that have been previously taxed in the U.S. For the remainder of the Company’s undistributed international earnings, unless tax effective to repatriate, we will continue to permanently reinvest these earnings.

We expect to fund our ongoing operating, investing and financing requirements mainly through cash flows from operations, available liquidity through cash on hand and available bank lines of credit and access to the capital markets.

On April 27, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $1.0 billion of Common Stock, of which approximately $725 million has been utilized as of December 31, 2021. Under this program, shares may be purchased on the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, under accelerated share repurchase programs, or under plans complying with rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. During 2021, the Company repurchased 9.7 million shares of Common Stock for approximately $725 million. As a result of the increased debt incurred to fund the Tender Offer, we have temporarily suspended share repurchases as we focus on deleveraging.

Cash Flow - Operating Activities

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Net cash flows provided by operating activities$1,750$1,480$1,469

2021 Compared with 2020

Cash generated from operating activities in 2021 was $270 million higher than in 2020, primarily due to higher net income of $364 million and increased cash inflows related to current assets and current liabilities activity of $83 million, as described below. These were partially offset by $98 million of lower non-cash adjustments from Net income, including the absence of fixed asset impairments of $71 million in 2020, as well as $106 million of lower Other operating activities, net, primarily due to long-term accruals in 2020.

2021 Changes in Working Capital

The 2021 cash inflows related to current assets and current liabilities operating activity were $160 million, including the following main drivers:

Accounts payable, which increased by $130 million, primarily due to increased volume;

Accrued liabilities, which increased by $72 million, primarily due to the timing of payments, which more than offset the payments of $56 million in foreign tax obligations pursuant to the TMA and income tax liabilities in certain jurisdictions;

Contract assets, current and Contract liabilities, current, net change of $53 million, driven by the timing of billings on contracts compared to the progression on current contracts; and


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Other current assets, which decreased by $43 million, primarily due to prepaid income tax utilization and indemnification payments received pursuant to the TMA in order to pay foreign tax obligations, partially offset by advanced payments to suppliers; partially offset by

Accounts receivable, net, which increased by $152 million, primarily due to increased volume.

2020 Compared with 2019

Cash generated from operating activities in 2020 was $11 million higher than in 2019, primarily due to increased cash inflows related to current assets and current liabilities of $109 million, as described below. There were also increased Other operating activities of $106 million compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to increased long-term accruals. These were partially offset by lower net income of $211 million, which includes the impact of interest expense on debt, incremental standalone public company costs and non-recurring Separation-related costs in 2020.

2020 Changes in Working Capital

The 2020 cash inflows related to current assets and current liabilities operating activity were $77 million. These cash inflows were primarily driven by:

Net change in Contract assets, current and Contract liabilities, current of $282 million, driven by the timing of billings on contracts compared to the progression on current contracts; and

Accounts payable, which increased by $20 million, primarily due to the timing of payments to suppliers; partially offset by

Inventories, net, which increased by $76 million due to the impact of higher production inventory levels related to the timing of deliveries to construction sites; and

Accounts receivable, net, which increased by $163 million due to slower collections and increased customer financing activity.

Additionally, Other current assets decreased by $28 million due to receipt of indemnification payments pursuant to the TMA in order to pay foreign tax obligations, partially offset by tax prepayments in certain jurisdictions, while Accrued liabilities decreased $14 million largely due to the payment of foreign tax obligations pursuant to the TMA described above and income tax liabilities in certain jurisdictions, partially offset by accruals for interest in excess of interest payments. The receipt and payment of indemnification assets and foreign tax obligations resulted in no net cash flow for 2020. See "Note 5: Related Parties" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further discussion on transactions with our former parent UTC.

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Cash Flow - Investing Activities

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Net cash flows used in investing activities$(89)$(353)$(203)

Cash flows used in investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures, investments in businesses and securities, proceeds received on the sale of fixed assets, and settlement of derivative contracts.

2021 compared to 2020

(dollars in millions)20212020Change
Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures$(156)$(183)$27
Investments in businesses and intangible assets(80)(53)(27)
Proceeds from sale of (investments in) equity securities40(51)91
Receipts (payments) on settlements of derivative contracts73(69)142
Other investing activities, net34331
Net cash flows used in investing activities$(89)$(353)$264

Cash flows used in investing activities in 2021 compared to 2020 decreased $264 million, including the following main drivers:

$142 million higher net cash from the settlement of derivative instruments in 2021, with net cash receipts of $73 million and payments of $69 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively;

$91 million higher net cash from equity securities, including $58 million of proceeds from the sale of equity securities in 2021, compared to $(51) million of investments made in equity securities in 2020; and

$31 million higher Other investing activities, net primarily due to property damage insurance proceeds received and discussed below under "Germany Fire", as well as proceeds from the sales of fixed assets.

As discussed in Note 18, "Financial Instruments" to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes. We operate internationally and, in the normal course of business, are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. We use derivative instruments, including forward contracts and options, to manage certain foreign currency and commodity price exposures.

Germany Fire

As previously disclosed, during 2020 there was a fire at the Company’s manufacturing facility in Germany. During 2021, the Company settled the related property damage claim with the insurance company, as reflected in Other investing activities, net in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. During 2021, the Company also reached a final agreement with the insurance company related to the business interruption claim to cover costs incurred as a result of the fire and received the final payments during the year. The impact to our operations or financial results from this event was not material.

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2020 compared to 2019

(dollars in millions)20202019Change
Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures$(183)$(145)$(38)
Investments in businesses and intangible assets(53)(47)(6)
Proceeds from sale of (investments in) equity securities(51)(51)
Proceeds from sale of equity securities
Receipts (payments) on settlements of derivative contracts(69)(5)(64)
Other investing activities, net3(6)9
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities$(353)$(203)$(150)

Cash flows used in investing activities in 2020 compared to 2019 increased $150 million, including the following drivers:

$64 million higher net cash payments from the settlement of derivative instruments in 2020, including $21 million of payments associated with the hedges of foreign-denominated TMA indemnification assets;

$51 million of investments in 2020 related to equity securities;

$38 million higher capital expenditures; and

$6 million higher investments in business.


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Cash Flow - Financing Activities

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities$58$(844)$(1,133)

Financing activities primarily include increases or decreases to short-term borrowings, issuance or repayment of long-term debt, dividends paid to common shareholders, repurchases of Common Stock and dividends paid to non-controlling interests. The activity in 2020 and 2019 includes transfers to and from our former parent, UTC, prior to the Separation, consisting of, among other things, cash transfers, distributions, cash investments and changes in receivables and payables. For further discussion on these transfers, see "Note 5: Related Parties" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

2021 compared to 2020

(dollars in millions)20212020Change
Financing Activities:
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings, net$(655)$647$(1,302)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt2,0306,300(4,270)
Payment of debt issuance costs(25)(43)18
Repayment of long-term debt(1,000)1,000
Dividends paid on Common Stock(393)(260)(133)
Repurchases of Common Stock(725)(725)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest(155)(149)(6)
Net transfers to UTC(6,330)6,330
Other financing activities, net(19)(9)(10)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities$58$(844)$902

Net cash provided by financing activities was $58 million in 2021 compared to net cash used by financing activities of $844 million in 2020, which changed primarily due to the following:

Net borrowings of $1.4 billion during 2021 compared to net repayments on borrowings of $353 million during 2020. These were comprised of the following activities:

Net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt of $2.0 billion, partially offset by net repayments of short-term borrowings of $655 million during 2021; and

Repayments of long-term debt of $1.0 billion, partially offset by net short-term borrowings of $647 million during 2020.

Repurchases of Common Stock of $725 million and higher dividends paid on Common Stock of $133 million during 2021; and

Net transfers to UTC related to the Separation of $6.3 billion during 2020, which were primarily funded by the net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt of $6.3 billion during 2020.

Net borrowings in 2021 include €1.6 billion in proceeds from the issuance of Euro denominated notes, which will be used to fund the Tender Offer. For additional discussion of borrowings activity, see "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.


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2020 compared to 2019

(dollars in millions)20202019Change
Financing Activities:
Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings, net$647$6$641
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt6,3006,300
Payment of debt issuance costs(43)(43)
Repayment of long-term debt(1,000)(1,000)
Dividends paid on Common Stock(260)(260)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest(149)(163)14
Net transfers to UTC(6,330)(972)(5,358)
Other financing activities, net(9)(4)(5)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities$(844)$(1,133)$289

Net cash used in financing activities decreased $289 million in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to the net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt of $6.3 billion in 2020, of which $1.0 billion was repaid with $641 million of proceeds from the issuance of short-term commercial paper in 2020 and cash from operations. These net inflows were partially offset by a $5.4 billion increase in net transfers to UTC related to the Separation, and a $260 million increase in dividends paid on Common Stock in 2020. See "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further discussion on borrowings.

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Guaranteed Securities: Summarized Financial Information

The following information is provided in compliance with Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to the 2023 Euro Notes, the 2026 Euro Notes and the 2031 Euro Notes (together the "Euro Notes"), in each case issued by Highland Holdings S.à r.l. (“Highland”), a private limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) incorporated and existing under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ("Luxembourg"). The Euro Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Otis Worldwide Corporation ("OWC") on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis. Refer to "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for additional information.

Highland is a wholly-owned, indirect consolidated subsidiary of OWC. OWC is incorporated under the laws of Delaware. As a company incorporated and existing under the laws of Luxembourg, and with its registered office in Luxembourg, Highland is subject to Luxembourg insolvency and bankruptcy laws in the event any insolvency proceedings are initiated against it. Luxembourg bankruptcy law is significantly different from, and may be less favorable to creditors than, the bankruptcy law in effect in the United States and may make it more difficult for creditors to recover the amount they could expect to recover in liquidation under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy rules.

The Euro Notes are not guaranteed by any of OWC's or Highland's subsidiaries (all OWC subsidiaries other than Highland are referred to herein as "non-guarantor subsidiaries"). Holders of the Euro Notes will have a direct claim only against Highland, as issuer, and OWC, as guarantor.

The following tables set forth the summarized financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 of each of OWC and Highland on a standalone basis, which does not include the consolidated impact of the assets, liabilities, and financial results of their subsidiaries except as noted on the tables below, nor does it include any impact of intercompany eliminations as there were no intercompany transactions between OWC and Highland. This summarized financial information is not intended to present the financial position or results of operations of OWC or Highland in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)20212020
OWC Statement of Operations - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Revenue$$
Cost of revenue
Operating expenses1310
Income from consolidated subsidiaries194
Income (loss) from operations excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries(18)(2)
Net income (loss) excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries(116)(100)

As of December 31,
(dollars in millions)20212020
OWC Balance Sheet - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Current assets (excluding intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)$197$307
Current assets (intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)
Noncurrent assets, investments in consolidated subsidiaries1,2711,348
Noncurrent assets (excluding investments in consolidated subsidiaries)4862
Current liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)1,516139
Current liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)73721
Noncurrent liabilities5,7255,540


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Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)20212020
Highland Statement of Operations - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Revenue$$
Cost of revenue
Operating expenses
Income from consolidated subsidiaries635445
Income (loss) from operations excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries
Net income (loss) excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries(3)(1)

As of December 31,
(dollars in millions)20212020
Highland Balance Sheet - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Current assets (excluding intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)$$
Current assets (intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)287
Noncurrent assets (investments in consolidated subsidiaries)12,52411,251
Noncurrent assets (excluding investments in consolidated subsidiaries)
Current liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)171318
Current liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)21
Noncurrent liabilities1,795

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. "Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies used in preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Management believes the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their significance to the Consolidated Financial Statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The most significant areas involving management judgments and estimates are described below. Actual results in these areas could differ from management’s estimates.

Revenue Recognition from Contracts with Customers

We recognized revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers and its related amendments, (referred to, collectively, as "ASC 606”). For new equipment and modernization contracts, equipment and installation are typically procured in a single contract providing the customer with a complete installed elevator or escalator unit. The combination of equipment and installation promises are typically a single performance obligation. For these performance obligations, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress. Contract costs are usually incurred over a period of time, which can be several years, and the estimation of these costs requires management’s judgment. Contract costs included in the calculation are comprised of labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs or other direct costs and indirect costs, which include indirect labor costs.

The long-term nature of the contracts, the complexity of the products and the scale of the projects can affect our ability to estimate costs precisely. We review cost estimates on significant new equipment and modernization contracts on a quarterly basis and, for others, no less frequently than annually or when circumstances change and warrant a modification to a previous estimate. We record changes in contract estimates using the cumulative catch-up method and we review changes in contract estimates for their impact on net sales or operating profit in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Modifications are recognized as a cumulative catch-up or treated as a separate accounting contract if the modification adds distinct goods or services and the modification is priced at its stand-alone selling price.

See "Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

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Income Taxes

The future tax benefit arising from deductible temporary differences and tax carryforwards was $647 million as of December 31, 2021 and $642 million as of December 31, 2020. Management estimates that our earnings during the periods when the temporary differences become deductible will be generally sufficient to realize the related future income tax benefits, which may be realized over an extended period of time. For those jurisdictions where the expiration date of tax carryforwards or the projected operating results indicate that realization is not likely, a valuation allowance is provided.

In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income, considering the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies and the realizability of tax loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets can be affected by changes to tax laws, changes to statutory tax rates and future taxable income levels. In the event we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or a portion of our deferred tax assets in the future, we would reduce such amounts through an increase to tax expense in the period in which that determination is made or when tax law changes are enacted. Conversely, if we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net carrying amounts, we would decrease the recorded valuation allowance through a decrease to tax expense in the period in which that determination is made.

In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. See "Note 3: Earnings Per Share" and "Note 15: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further discussion. Additionally, see "Note 22: Contingent Liabilities" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for discussion of administrative review proceedings with the German Tax Office.

Goodwill

We have generated goodwill as a result of our acquisitions. At the time of acquisition, we account for business acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting, in accordance with which assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the acquisition date. The fair value of the consideration paid, including contingent consideration, is assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

We review our goodwill for impairment on an annual basis at July 1 or more frequently if events or a change in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment at a level within the Company referred to as the reporting unit, which is one level below the operating segment level. We have determined there to be three reporting units within each business segment.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, we initially perform a qualitative assessment (commonly known as “step zero”) to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary before performing the two-step test. The qualitative assessment requires judgments by management about economic conditions including the entity’s operating environment, its industry and other market considerations, entity-specific events related to financial performance or loss of key personnel and other events that could impact the reporting unit. If management concludes, based on assessment of relevant events, facts and circumstances, that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is greater than its carrying value, no further impairment testing is required. If we determine, based on this assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test by comparing the reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying value. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, up to the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. No impairment loss is recognized if the fair value of the reporting exceeds its carrying value.

We completed the annual goodwill impairment test for all of our reporting units as of July 1, 2021 and determined that no adjustment to goodwill was necessary as the fair value of each reporting unit was in excess of the carrying value of each reporting unit.


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Contingent Liabilities

Otis is party to litigation related to a number of matters as described in "Note 22: Contingent Liabilities" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K. In particular, they may include risks associated with contractual, regulatory and other matters, which may arise in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of these matters may have a material effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Management regularly analyzes current information about these matters and accrues for contingent losses that are probable and reasonably estimable. To assess the exposure to potential liability, we consult with relevant internal and external counsel. In making the decision regarding the need for loss accruals, management considers the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a sufficiently reliable estimate of the amount of loss. See Part I, Item 1A in this Form 10-K for further discussion.

Employee Benefit Plans

We sponsor domestic and international defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. Major assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets, rate of increase in employee compensation levels and mortality rates. Assumptions are determined based on company data and appropriate market indicators, and are evaluated each year as of December 31. A change in any of these assumptions would have an effect on net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In the following table, we show the sensitivity of our pension and other postretirement benefit plan liabilities and net periodic cost to a 25 basis point change in the discount rates for benefit obligations, as of December 31, 2021:

(dollars in millions)Increase in Discount Rate of 25 bpsDecrease in Discount Rate of 25 bps
Pension plans
   Projected benefit obligation$(29)$30
   Net periodic pension (benefit) cost(2)2

The impact on the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and on the net periodic postretirement (benefit) cost is less than $1 million.

Pension expense is also sensitive to changes in the expected long-term rate of asset return. An increase or decrease of 25 basis points in the expected long-term rate of asset return would have decreased or increased 2021 pension expense by approximately $2 million.

The weighted-average discount rates used to measure pension liabilities and costs utilize each plan’s specific cash flows and are then compared to high-quality bond indices for reasonableness. Global market interest rates increased in 2021 as compared with 2020, and, as a result, the weighted-average discount rate used to measure pension liabilities was 1.5% in 2021 and 1.1% in 2020.

See "Note 13: Employee Benefit Plans" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for further discussion.


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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

We extend a variety of financial guarantees to third parties in support of our business. We also have obligations arising from environmental, health and safety, tax and employment matters. Circumstances that could cause the contingent obligations and liabilities arising from these arrangements to come to fruition include changes in the underlying transaction, non-performance under a contract or deterioration in the financial condition of the guaranteed party.

Otis' contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2021 are discussed below. See also "Note 13: Employee Benefit Plans" in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of our expected pension and postretirement contributions.

Long-term Debt

See "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of our long-term debt principal payments as of December 31, 2021. In the following table, we show the timing of payments of interest on long-term debt as of December 31, 2021:

Payments Due by Period
(dollars in millions)Total20222023-20242025-2026Thereafter
Long-term debt - future interest$1,705$137$267$226$1,075

Purchase Obligations

Purchase obligations include amounts committed for the purchase of goods and services under legally enforceable contracts or purchase orders. Where it is not practically feasible to determine the legally enforceable portion of our obligation under certain of our long-term purchase agreements, we include additional expected purchase obligations beyond what may be legally enforceable. We enter into contractual purchase commitments with suppliers and service vendors to support our information technology that are either necessary to operate our business or are resulting from implementing strategic initiatives. In the following table, we show the timing of payments of total purchase obligations as of December 31, 2021:

Payments Due by Period
(dollars in millions)Total20222023-20242025-2026Thereafter
Purchase obligations$1,192$1,134$51$6$1

Other Long-term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities in the table below includes obligations relate to product service and warranty policies, estimated remediation costs and contractual indemnities, and are included in Other long-term liabilities on the "Consolidated Balance Sheets" in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The timing of expected cash flows associated with these obligations is based upon management's estimates over the terms of these agreements and is largely based upon historical experience and were as follows as of December 31, 2021:

Payments Due by Period
(dollars in millions)Total20222023-20242025-2026Thereafter
Other long-term liabilities$341$18$115$139$69

The balance above includes $220 million of long-term contractual payables due to RTX for reimbursement of tax payments that RTX is responsible to pay after the Separation pursuant to the TMA. Otis will reimburse RTX for those tax payments through 2027.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Otis has unrecognized tax benefits of $392 million as of December 31, 2021, the timing of which is uncertain to become payable. See "Note 16: Income Taxes" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for additional discussion on unrecognized tax benefits.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. To manage certain of those exposures, we use derivative instruments, including forward contracts. Derivative instruments utilized by us in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools, involve relatively little complexity and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. We diversify the counterparties used and monitor the concentration of risk to limit our counterparty exposure.

We have evaluated our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates in our market risk sensitive instruments, which are primarily cash, debt and derivative instruments, using a value at risk analysis. Based on a 95% confidence level and one-day holding period, as of December 31, 2021, the potential loss in fair value on our market risk sensitive instruments was not material in relation to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Our calculated value at risk exposure represents an estimate of reasonably possible net losses based on volatilities and correlations, and is not necessarily indicative of actual results. Additionally, any losses or gains on derivative instruments would be mostly offset by corresponding gains or losses in the remeasurement of the underlying transactions being hedged.

Refer to "Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies", "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" and "Note 18: Financial Instruments" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for additional discussion of foreign currency exchange, interest rates and financial instruments, including the aggregate notional amount of our outstanding foreign currency and commodity price hedges.

Foreign Currency Exposures

The value of certain foreign currencies as compared to the U.S. Dollar may impact Otis’ financial results. We have a high volume of foreign currency exposures that result from our international sales, purchases, investments and other international transactions. International sales were approximately $10.6 billion, $9.3 billion and $9.5 billion in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We manage foreign currency exposures that are associated with committed foreign currency purchases and sales as well as foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities that are created in the ordinary course of business. More than insignificant exposures, that cannot be naturally offset, are generally hedged with foreign currency derivatives.

For our non-U.S. based entities, a substantial portion of revenues are generated and costs are incurred in local currencies. We transact business in various foreign currencies, which exposes our cash flows and earnings to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We periodically enter into sales contracts denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the parties to the transaction, which can create foreign exchange exposure. While the objective of the hedging program is to minimize the foreign currency exchange impact on operating results, there are typically variances between the hedging gains or losses and the translational impact due to the length of hedging contracts, changes in the sales profile, volatility in the exchange rates and other such operational considerations. Otis does not enter into hedging contracts for speculative purposes.

As discussed in "Note 18: Financial Instruments" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2021 we have ¥21.5 billion ($189 million) of Japanese Yen denominated long-term debt, which qualifies as a net investment hedge against our investments in Japanese businesses. As of December 31, 2021, the net investment hedge is deemed to be effective.

As discussed in "Note 10: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2021 we have €1,600 million ($1,807 million) of Euro denominated long-term debt.

Commodity Price Risk

The fluctuation in prices of certain raw materials may impact Otis' financial results. We are exposed to volatility in the prices of commodities used in some of our products and component parts, such as steel, aluminum and copper, among others. When possible and appropriate, we maintain fixed price contracts on raw materials and component parts. However, we are prone to exposure as these contracts expire. When possible and appropriate, we also include price escalation linked to commodity prices in contracts with our customers and take pricing actions for future contracts. However, products and services delivered to our customers are often provided a year or more after being agreed to, and not all raw material price increases can be passed along to customers with existing contracts. Therefore, when commodity price risk is not mitigated by other methods, we may enter into hedging contracts. Otis does not enter into hedging contracts for speculative purposes.


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Interest Rate Risk

Our long-term debt portfolio primarily consists of fixed-rate instruments. For any variable rate debt, interest rate changes in the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") will impact future earnings and cash flows. From time to time, we may hedge floating rates using interest rate swaps. The hedges would be designated as fair value hedges and the gains and losses on the swaps would be reported in interest expense, reflecting that portion of interest expense at a variable rate.

For information concerning market risk sensitive instruments, see discussion under the headings "Foreign Exchange Exposures" and "Derivatives and Hedging Activity" in "Note 2: Summary of Accounting Policies," as well as "Note 18: Financial Instruments" in Item 8 in this Form 10-K for additional discussion on unrecognized tax benefits.


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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data


INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE


Page


(All other schedules are not required and have been omitted)

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Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of Otis is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of Otis' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making its assessment, management has utilized the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Management concluded that based on its assessment, Otis' internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021. The effectiveness of Otis' internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2021, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.


OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
(Registrant)
by:/s/ JUDITH F. MARKS
Judith F. Marks
Chair, President and Chief Executive Officer
by:/s/ RAHUL GHAI
Rahul Ghai
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
by:/s/ MICHAEL P. RYAN
Michael P. Ryan
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer


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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Otis Worldwide Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Otis Worldwide Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition - Estimated Costs at Completion for New Equipment Contracts

As described in Notes 2 and 23 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognized $6.4 billion of revenue from new equipment contracts for the year ended December 31, 2021. For new equipment contracts, equipment and installation are typically procured in a single contract providing the customer with a complete installed elevator or escalator unit. The combination of equipment and installation promises are typically a single performance obligation. For these performance obligations, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress. As disclosed by management, contract costs are usually incurred over a period of time, which can be several years, and the estimation of these costs requires management’s judgment. The long-term nature of the contracts, the complexity of the products and the scale of the projects can affect management’s ability to estimate costs precisely. Management reviews cost estimates on significant new equipment contracts on a quarterly basis and, for others, no less frequently than annually or when circumstances change and warrant a modification to a previous estimate. Management records changes in contract estimates using the cumulative catch-up method and reviews changes in contract estimates for their impact on net sales or operating profit in the consolidated financial statements. Contract costs included in the calculation are comprised of labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs or other direct costs and indirect costs, which include indirect labor costs.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition - estimated costs at completion for new equipment contracts is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management to determine the estimated costs at contract completion, which in turn led to significant auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to the estimated expected labor and indirect labor costs used in the development of estimated costs at contract completion.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls over the determination of the estimated costs at contract completion and development of the significant assumptions related to the estimated expected labor and indirect labor costs. These procedures also included, among others, evaluating and testing management’s process for developing and modifying estimated costs at contract completion for a sample of contracts, which included evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions related to the estimated expected labor and indirect labor costs considered by management specific to each contract. Evaluating the reasonableness of the estimated expected labor and indirect labor costs involved assessing management’s ability to reasonably estimate costs at completion by (i) testing costs incurred to date and obtaining a sample of executed contracts and related change orders, (ii) performing a comparison of the margin, driven by the estimated and actual costs incurred, to that of similar completed equipment contracts, and (iii) evaluating the timely identification of circumstances that may warrant a modification to estimated total cost to complete.



/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
February 4, 2022

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)202120202019
Net sales:
Product sales$6,428 $5,371 $5,648 
Service sales7,870 7,385 7,470 
14,298 12,756 13,118 
Costs and expenses:
Cost of products sold5,293 4,439 4,640 
Cost of services sold4,812 4,538 4,652 
Research and development159 152 163 
Selling, general and administrative1,948 1,924 1,810 
12,212 11,053 11,265 
Other income (expense), net22 (64)(39)
Operating profit2,108 1,639 1,814 
Non-service pension cost (benefit)11 (33)
Interest expense (income), net136 122 (14)
Net income before income taxes1,961 1,511 1,861 
Income tax expense541 455 594 
Net income1,420 1,056 1,267 
Less: Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings174 150 151 
Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation$1,246 $906 $1,116 
Earnings per share (Note 3):
Basic$2.91 $2.09 $2.55 
Diluted$2.89 $2.08 $2.55 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic shares427.7 433.2 433.1 
Diluted shares431.4 434.6 433.1 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Net income$1,420 $1,056 $1,267 
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax(53)(26)
Pension and postretirement benefit plan adjustments:
Net actuarial gain (loss)71 (43)(28)
Amortization of actuarial loss and prior service credit18 15 
Other13 (19)(22)
102 (47)(41)
Tax benefit (expense)(27)11 
Pension and postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of tax75 (36)(32)
Change in unrealized cash flow hedging:
Unrealized cash flow hedging gain (loss)(1)10 (3)
Adjustment for net (gain) loss realized and included in net income4 (3)— 
Change in unrealized cash flow hedging, net of tax3 (3)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax25 (21)(61)
Comprehensive income1,445 1,035 1,206 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest(147)(186)(140)
Comprehensive income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation$1,298 $849 $1,066 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(dollars in millions)20212020
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,565 $1,782 
Restricted cash1,910 17 
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for expected credit losses of $175 and $161)
3,232 3,148 
Contract assets550 458 
Inventories, net622 659 
Other current assets382 429 
Total Current Assets8,261 6,493 
Future income tax benefits335 334 
Fixed assets, net774 774 
Operating lease right-of-use assets526 542 
Intangible assets, net419 484 
Goodwill1,667 1,773 
Other assets297 310 
Total Assets$12,279 $10,710 
Liabilities and (Deficit) Equity
Short-term borrowings$24 $701 
Accounts payable1,556 1,453 
Accrued liabilities1,993 1,977 
Contract liabilities2,674 2,542 
Total Current Liabilities6,247 6,673 
Long-term debt7,249 5,262 
Future pension and postretirement benefit obligations558 654 
Operating lease liabilities336 367 
Future income tax obligations 267 321 
Other long-term liabilities606 634 
Total Liabilities15,263 13,911 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 22)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest160 194 
Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity:
Common Stock and additional paid-in-capital119 59 
Treasury Stock(725)— 
Accumulated deficit(2,256)(3,106)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(763)(815)
Total Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity(3,625)(3,862)
Noncontrolling interest481 467 
Total (Deficit) Equity(3,144)(3,395)
Total Liabilities and (Deficit) Equity$12,279 $10,710 

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)Common Stock and Additional Paid-In CapitalTreasury StockAccumulated DeficitUTC Net Investment (Deficit)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total Shareholders' (Deficit) EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal (Deficit) EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance as of January 1, 2019$— $— $— $2,262 $(708)$1,554 $458 $2,012 $203 
Net transfers (to) from UTC— — — (935)— (935)— (935)— 
Net income— — — 1,116 — 1,116 147 1,263 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — (50)(50)(9)(59)(2)
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — (146)(146)(17)
Acquisitions, disposals and other changes— — — (13)— (13)(7)10 
Balance as of December 31, 2019$ $ $ $2,430 $(758)$1,672 $456 $2,128 $198 
Adoption of credit loss standard, net of tax (Note 2)— — — (25)— (25)— (25)— 
Net transfers (to) from UTC and Separation-related transactions— — — (6,150)— (6,150)— (6,150)— 
Issuance of Common Stock and reclassification of deficit— (3,584)3,580 — — — — — 
Net income— — 741 165 — 906 138 1,044 12 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — (57)(57)34 (23)
Stock-based compensation and Common Stock issued under employer plans55 — — — — 55 — 55 — 
Cash dividends declared ($0.60 per Common Share)
— — (260)— — (260)— (260)— 
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — (138)(138)(9)
Acquisitions, disposals and other changes— — (3)— — (3)(23)(26)(9)
Balance as of December 31, 2020$59 $ $(3,106)$ $(815)$(3,862)$467 $(3,395)$194 
Net income— — 1,246 — — 1,246 163 1,409 11 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — 52 52 (15)37 (12)
Stock-based compensation and Common Stock issued under employer plans62 — (2)— — 60 — 60 — 
Cash dividends declared ($0.92 per Common Share)
— — (393)— — (393)— (393)— 
Repurchase of Common Shares— (725)— — — (725)— (725)— 
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interest— — — — — — (145)(145)(11)
Acquisitions, disposals and other changes(2)— (1)— — (3)11 (22)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$119 $(725)$(2,256)$ $(763)$(3,625)$481 $(3,144)$160 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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OTIS WORLDWIDE CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in millions)202120202019
Operating Activities:
Net income$1,420 $1,056 $1,267 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows provided by operating activities, net of acquisitions:
Depreciation and amortization203 191 180 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(92)(51)(8)
Stock compensation cost65 63 37 
Losses on fixed asset impairment or disposal of business 71 26 
Change in:
Accounts receivable, net(152)(163)(191)
Contract assets and liabilities, current53 282 97 
Inventories, net14 (76)60 
Other current assets43 28 30 
Accounts payable130 20 
Accrued liabilities72 (14)(34)
Pension contributions(37)(64)(32)
Other operating activities, net31 137 31 
Net cash flows provided by operating activities1,750 1,480 1,469 
Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures(156)(183)(145)
Investments in businesses and intangible assets, net of cash acquired (Note 9)(80)(53)(47)
Proceeds from sale of (investments in) equity securities40 (51)— 
Receipts (payments) on settlements of derivative contracts73 (69)(5)
Other investing activities, net34 (6)
Net cash flows used in investing activities(89)(353)(203)
Financing Activities:
Net proceeds from (repayments of) borrowings (maturities of 90 days or less)(304)647 
Proceeds from borrowings (maturities longer than 90 days)152 — — 
Repayments of borrowings (maturities longer than 90 days)(503)— — 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt2,030 6,300 — 
Payment of debt issuance costs(25)(43)— 
Repayment of long-term debt (1,000)— 
Dividends paid on Common Stock(393)(260)— 
Repurchases of Common Stock(725)— — 
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest(155)(149)(163)
Net transfers to UTC (6,330)(972)
Other financing activities, net(19)(9)(4)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities58 (844)(1,133)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(43)59 (20)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1,676 342 113 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year1,801 1,459 1,346 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year3,477 1,801 1,459 
Less: Restricted cash1,912 19 13 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$1,565 $1,782 $1,446 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid (including related party interest of $0, $0 and $18)
$129 $81 $18 
Income taxes paid, net of (refunds) (including related party of $0, $(15) and $255)
552 561 632 
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Note 1: Business Overview

Otis (as defined below) is the world’s largest elevator and escalator manufacturing, installation and service company. Our operations are classified into two segments: New Equipment and Service. Through the New Equipment segment, we design, manufacture, sell and install a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways, for residential and commercial building and infrastructure projects. The Service segment provides maintenance and repair services for both our products and those of other manufacturers, and provides modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators.

On November 26, 2018, United Technologies Corporation, subsequently renamed to Raytheon Technologies Corporation on April 3, 2020 ("UTC" or "RTX", as applicable), announced its intention to spin-off its Otis reportable segment and its Carrier reportable segment into two separate publicly-traded companies (the "Separation"). On April 3, 2020, the Company became an independent publicly-traded company through a pro-rata distribution of 0.5 shares of Common Stock for every share of UTC common stock held at the close of business on the record date of March 19, 2020 ("Distribution"). Otis began to trade as a separate public company (New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"): OTIS) on April 3, 2020.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to "Otis", "we", "us", "our" and "the Company" refer to (i) Otis Worldwide Corporation's business prior to the Separation and (ii) Otis Worldwide Corporation and its subsidiaries following the Separation, as applicable. References to "UTC" relate to pre-Separation matters, and references to "RTX" relate to post-Separation matters.

The Separation was completed pursuant to a Separation and Distribution Agreement ("Separation Agreement") and other agreements with our former parent, UTC, related to the Separation, including but not limited to a transition services agreement (the "Transition Services Agreement" or "TSA"), a tax matters agreement (the "Tax Matters Agreement" or "TMA"), an employee matters agreement (the "Employee Matters Agreement" or "EMA") and an intellectual property agreement (the "Intellectual Property Agreement"). For further discussion on these agreements, see Note 5, "Related Parties".

Zardoya Otis Tender Offer

In September 2021, the Company announced a tender offer, subject to the terms and conditions thereof, to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Zardoya Otis, S.A. ("Zardoya Otis") not owned by the Company at a price of €7.00 per share in cash (the "Tender Offer"), subject to adjustment for dividends and other distributions declared and paid by Zardoya Otis after the announcement, and its intention to delist the shares of Zardoya Otis from the Spanish stock exchanges subsequent to the Tender Offer. The price per share of the Tender Offer was first adjusted to €6.93 for the dividend paid on October 11, 2021. On December 21, 2021, the Company announced it reached an agreement for Euro Syns S.A. (a non-controlling equity owner in Zardoya Otis) to irrevocably tender its shares in the Tender Offer at an offer price of €7.14 per share in cash (€7.07 per share after adjusting for dividends paid by Zardoya Otis on January 10, 2022). As a result of this agreement, the Company increased the tender price to all shareholders to €7.07 per share in cash after adjusting for the dividends paid. The Tender Offer is subject to approval by the CNMV, which is still pending as of February 4, 2022. The value of the issued and outstanding shares of Zardoya Otis not owned by the Company is €1.66 billion based on the adjusted tender price of €7.07.

The Company owned a controlling interest and had operational control of Zardoya Otis as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and therefore its financial results are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. As of December 31, 2021, the Company owned 50.02% of Zardoya Otis. See Note 10, "Borrowings and Lines of Credit" and Note 20, "Guarantees" for additional information regarding financing and guarantee agreements entered into by the Company and its subsidiaries in connection with the Tender Offer.

Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation. Prior to the Separation on April 3, 2020, our historical financial statements were prepared on a standalone combined basis and were derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of our former parent, UTC. For the period subsequent to April 3, 2020, our financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis as the Company became a standalone public company (collectively, the financial statements for all periods presented, including the historical results of the Company prior to April 3, 2020, are now referred to as "Consolidated Financial Statements" to reflect this change). They have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-K.


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Prior to the Separation on April 3, 2020, the Consolidated Statements of Operations included all revenues and costs directly attributable to Otis, including costs for facilities, functions and services used by Otis. Costs for certain functions and services performed by centralized UTC organizations were directly charged to Otis based on specific identification when possible or based on a reasonable allocation driver such as net sales, headcount, usage or other allocation methods. All charges and allocations for facilities, functions and services performed by UTC organizations have been deemed settled in cash by Otis to UTC in the period in which the cost was recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Current and deferred income taxes were determined based on the standalone results of Otis. However, because the Company was included in our former parent UTC’s tax group in certain jurisdictions, the Company's actual tax balances may differ from those reported. The Company's portion of its domestic income taxes and certain income taxes for jurisdictions outside the U.S. are deemed to have been settled in the period the related tax expense was recorded prior to the Separation.

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Otis and its controlled subsidiaries, as well as entities where Otis has a variable interest and is the primary beneficiary as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation. The factors we use to determine the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity ("VIE") may include decision authority, control over management of day-to-day operations and the amount of our equity investment in relation to others' investments.

All significant intracompany accounts and transactions within the Company have been eliminated in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation, which are immaterial.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. In addition, estimates and assumptions may impact the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

We assessed certain accounting matters that generally require consideration of forecasted financial information in the context of the information reasonably available to us and the unknown future impacts of coronavirus ("COVID-19") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and through the date of this report. The accounting matters assessed included, but were not limited to, our allowance for credit losses, the carrying value of our goodwill and other long-lived assets, financial assets and revenue recognition. While there was not a material impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 resulting from our assessments of these matters, future assessment of our current expectations at that time of the magnitude and duration of COVID-19, as well as other factors, could result in material impacts to our Consolidated Financial Statements in future reporting periods.

Risks and Uncertainties. As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues and the economic recovery is ongoing, the Company continues to closely monitor and manage the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business globally. It is difficult to estimate at this time the duration and extent of the continued impact of the pandemic and ongoing economic recovery on the Company's business, financial position, cash flow and results of operations. The results of our operations and overall financial performance were impacted during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, including impacts to customer demand for our new equipment, maintenance and repair and modernization businesses, cancellations or delays of customer orders, customer liquidity constraints and related credit reserves, and supplier and raw material capacity constraints, delays and related costs. Primarily in 2020, there were also temporary closures and reduced capacity of our operations, limited new equipment job site closures and challenges in accessing units to provide maintenance and repair services that also impacted our results.

Due to existing conditions and uncertainty, COVID-19 and ongoing economic recovery could have an impact on our business, cash flow and results of operations into 2022. The extent of the impact will depend largely on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the severity of the outbreak and variants of COVID-19, efficacy, availability and distribution of vaccines, actions taken by government authorities to further contain the outbreak or address its impact and its longer-term impacts on the global economy, among other factors.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term cash investments that are highly liquid in nature and have original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted Cash. In certain circumstances we are required to maintain cash deposits with certain banks with respect to contractual or other legal obligations, and therefore the use of these cash deposits for general operational purposes is restricted. Restricted cash as of December 31, 2021 is primarily cash of $1.9 billion required to be held in escrow to fund the Tender

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Offer, which is expected to be completed in 2022. The non-current portion of restricted cash is $2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Accounts Receivable. The Company records accounts receivables when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. We regularly evaluate the collectability of our accounts receivable and maintain reserves for expected credit losses. See Note 6, "Accounts Receivable, Net" for additional information on the Company's policy for evaluation of expected credit losses. We do not believe that accounts receivable represent significant concentrations of credit risk because of the diversified portfolio of individual customers and geographic areas.

Retainage and Unbilled Receivables. Current and long-term accounts receivable as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 include retainage of $75 million and $61 million, respectively, and unbilled receivables of $109 million and $104 million, respectively. Retainage represents amounts that, pursuant to the applicable contract, are not due until after project completion and acceptance by the customer. Unbilled receivables represent revenues that are earned but may not be currently billable to the customer under the terms of the contract. These items are expected to be billed and collected in the ordinary course of business. Unbilled receivables where we have an unconditional right to payment are included in Accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Customer Financing Notes Receivable. Through financing arrangements with our customers, we extend payment terms, which are generally not more than one year in duration.

Factoring. The Company may sell certain trade accounts and notes receivable to lending institutions to manage credit risk. Financial assets sold under these arrangements are excluded from Accounts receivable, net in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time of sale if the Company has surrendered control over the related assets. Whether control has been relinquished requires, among other things, an evaluation of relevant legal considerations and an assessment of the nature and extent of the Company’s continuing involvement with the assets transferred. Gains and losses stemming from transfers reported as sales are included in Interest expense (income), net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Contract Assets and Liabilities. Contract assets and liabilities represent the difference in the timing of revenue recognition from receipt of cash from our customers and billings.

Contract assets reflect revenue recognized and performance obligations satisfied in advance of customer billing. Performance obligations partially satisfied in advance of customer billings are included in Contract assets, current. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. We receive payments from customers based on the terms established in our contracts. See Note 4, "Contract Assets and Liabilities" for further discussion of contract assets and liabilities.

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated realizable value and are primarily based on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Valuation reserves for excess, obsolete and slow-moving inventory are estimated by comparing the inventory levels of individual parts to both future sales forecasts or production requirements and historical usage rates in order to identify inventory where the resale value or replacement value is less than inventoriable cost. See Note 7, "Inventories, Net" for further details of the inventories by classification.

Fixed Assets. Fixed assets, including software capitalized for internal-use, are recorded at cost. Depreciation of fixed assets is computed over the fixed assets' useful lives on a straight-line basis, unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the fixed asset's pattern of use. See Note 8, "Fixed Assets" for further details of useful lives.

Internal-use software. The Company capitalizes direct costs of services used in the development of, and external software acquired for use as, internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized over a period ranging from three to five years, on a straight-line basis, unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the software's use. Amounts are reported as a component of Machinery and equipment.

Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company records the fair value of legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which the legal obligations are determined to exist. Upon initial recognition of a liability, the Company capitalizes the cost of the asset retirement obligation by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is adjusted for changes in its present value and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset.


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Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value hierarchy is based on inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value that are either observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon their own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level I – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level II – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level III – Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

The carrying amount of current trade receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to the short maturity (less than one year) of the instruments.

Equity Method Investments. Entities in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under this method of accounting, our share of the net earnings or losses of the investee entity is included in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations since the activities of the investee entity are closely aligned with the operations of the Company. We evaluate our equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period.

Business Combinations. We account for transactions that are classified as business combinations in accordance with the FASB ASC Topic 805: Business Combinations. Once a business is acquired, the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are determined with the excess cost recorded to goodwill. As required, preliminary fair values are determined once a business is acquired, with the final determination of the fair values being completed within the one-year measurement period from the date of acquisition.

Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. Intangible assets consist of service portfolios, patents, trademarks/trade names, customer relationships and other intangible assets. Acquired intangible assets are recognized at fair value during acquisition accounting and then amortized to Cost of products and services sold and Selling, general and administrative over the applicable useful lives.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment testing annually or when a triggering event occurs using the guidance and criteria described in FASB ASC Topic 350: Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. This testing compares carrying values to fair values and, when appropriate, the carrying value of these assets is reduced to fair value.

We test goodwill for impairment at a level within the Company referred to as the reporting unit, which is one level below the operating segment level. When testing goodwill for impairment, the Company may first assess qualitative factors. If an initial qualitative assessment identified that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, additional quantitative testing is performed. The Company may also elect to skip the qualitative testing and proceed directly to the quantitative testing. If the quantitative testing indicates that goodwill is impaired, an impairment charge is recognized based on the difference between the reporting unit's carrying value and its fair value. When it is determined that a quantitative analysis is required, the Company primarily utilizes a discounted cash flow methodology to calculate the fair value of its reporting units. The Company completed its most recent annual impairment testing as of July 1, 2021, and determined in the qualitative assessment that quantitative testing is not necessary. There were no triggering events since the annual impairment test.


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Finite-Lived Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets. Useful lives of finite-lived intangible assets are estimated based upon the nature of the intangible asset. These intangible assets are amortized based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or if straight-line amortization approximates the pattern of economic benefit, a straight-line amortization method may be used. The range of estimated useful lives is as follows:

Purchased service portfolios
5 to 25 years
Patents, trademarks/trade names
4 to 40 years
Customer relationships and other
1 to 20 years

The Company evaluates the potential impairment of long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of other long-lived assets held and used exceeds the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows, the carrying value is written down to fair value. See Note 8, "Fixed Assets" and Note 9, "Business Acquisitions, Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for additional information regarding intangible assets and other long-lived assets.

Income Taxes. In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest expense has also been recognized. We recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in Interest expense (income), net. Penalties, if incurred, would be recognized as a component of Income tax expense.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") subjects the Company to a tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”). GILTI is a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. We account for GILTI as a period cost as incurred.

Income taxes as presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for periods prior to the Separation attribute current and deferred income taxes of our former parent, UTC, to the Company's stand-alone financial statements in a manner that is systematic, rational and consistent with the asset and liability method prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 740: Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Accordingly, the Company's income tax provision for periods prior to the Separation was prepared following the separate return method. The separate return method applies ASC 740 to the stand-alone financial statements of each member of the consolidated group as if the group members were a separate taxpayer and a stand-alone enterprise. The calculation of our income taxes on a separate return basis requires a considerable amount of judgment and use of both estimates and allocations. As a result, actual transactions included in the consolidated financial statements of UTC may not be included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. Similarly, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company may not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements and tax returns of UTC. Therefore, such items as net operating losses, credit carry-forwards and valuation allowances may exist in the stand-alone financial statements that may or may not exist in UTC’s consolidated financial statements. As such, the income taxes of the Company as presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements prior to the Separation may not be indicative of the income taxes that the Company will report in the future.

See Note 5, "Related Parties" and Note 16, "Income Taxes" for additional information.

Revenue Recognition. We recognized revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers and its related amendments, (referred to, collectively, as "ASC 606”). The Company's revenue streams include new equipment, maintenance and repair, and modernization. New equipment, modernization and repair services revenue are recognized over time as we are enhancing an asset the customer controls. Maintenance revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the maintenance contract.

New Equipment, Modernization and Repair services. For new equipment and modernization transactions, equipment and installation are typically procured in a single contract providing the customer with a complete installed elevator or escalator unit. The combination of equipment and installation promises are typically a single performance obligation. For repair services, the customer typically contracts for specific short-term services which form a single performance obligation.


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For these performance obligations, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with and best depicts transfer of control or the enhancement of the customer’s assets. Contract costs included in the calculation are comprised of labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs or other direct costs and indirect costs, which include indirect labor costs. Specific to new equipment and modernization arrangements, the Company, based on project progression, reviews cost estimates on significant contracts on a quarterly basis, and for others, no less frequently than annually or when circumstances change and warrant a modification to a previous estimate. These estimates form the basis for the amount of revenue to be recognized and include the latest updated total transaction price, costs and risks for each contract. These estimates for our ongoing contracts may materially change due to the change and completions of the contract scopes, cost estimates and customers' plans, among other factors.

For performance obligations recognized under the cost to cost method, we record changes in contract estimates using the cumulative catch-up method. Modifications are recognized as a cumulative catch-up or treated as a separate accounting contract if the modification adds distinct goods or services and the modification is priced at its stand-alone selling price.

Maintenance. Our customers purchase maintenance contracts which include services such as required periodic maintenance procedures, preventive services and stand ready obligations to remediate issues with the elevator/escalator when and if they arise. Given the continuous nature of these services throughout the year, we recognize revenue on maintenance contracts on a straight-line basis which aligns with the cost profile of these services. Contractual changes are typically recognized prospectively as most modifications are extensions of the existing arrangement.

Transaction Price Considerations. Our contracts typically include fixed payments which are generally received as we progress under our contracts. As a result, we have not identified any significant financing elements in our contract, and our contracts do not have significant estimates related to variable consideration except in the case of a project having an underlying performance issue, which is rare. In situations where multiple performance obligations in a single contract (e.g., new equipment and maintenance) exist, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation in proportion to their stand-alone selling prices. Estimates are made to account for changes in transaction prices attributable to pricing disputes that occur subsequent to the inception of contracts, based upon historical experience and the status of contracts.

Certain costs to obtain or fulfill contracts. Certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer must be capitalized, to the extent recoverable from the associated contract margin, and subsequently amortized as the products or services are delivered to the customer. Sales commissions related to new equipment, modernization and maintenance contracts, excluding renewals, are capitalized as contract fulfillment costs and are amortized consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services. Customer contract costs, which do not qualify for capitalization as contract fulfillment costs, are expensed as incurred.

Loss Contracts. Loss provisions on contracts are recognized to the extent that estimated contract costs exceed the estimated consideration from the products contemplated under the contractual arrangement. For new commitments, we generally record loss provisions at contract inception. For existing commitments, anticipated losses on contractual arrangements are recognized in the period in which losses become probable.

Remaining Performance Obligations ("RPO"). RPO represents the aggregate amount of total contract transaction price that is unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied. As of December 31, 2021, our total RPO was approximately $17.1 billion. Of the total RPO as of December 31, 2021, we expect approximately 89% will be recognized as sales over the following 24 months.

Additional disclosure required by ASC 606 is provided in Note 23, "Segment Financial Data", including disaggregation of revenue into categories that depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Self-Insurance. The Company is primarily self-insured for a number of risks including, but not limited to, workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability and employee-related healthcare benefits. The Company has obtained insurance coverage for amounts exceeding individual and aggregate loss limits. The Company accrues for known future claims and incurred but not reported losses within Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaling $287 million and $299 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Derivatives and Hedging Activity. We have used derivative instruments, principally forward contracts, to help manage certain foreign currency and commodity price exposures. Derivative instruments are viewed as risk management tools by us and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. By their nature, all financial instruments involve market and credit risks. We enter into derivative and other financial instruments with major investment grade financial institutions and have policies to monitor

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the credit risk of those counterparties. We limit counterparty exposure and concentration of risk by diversifying counterparties. While there can be no assurance, we do not anticipate any material non-performance by any of these counterparties.

Designated Derivative Instruments. Derivatives used for hedging purposes may be designated and effective as a hedge of the identified risk exposure at the inception of the contract. All derivative instruments are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Derivatives used to hedge foreign currency denominated balance sheet items and commodity prices for materials recognized in cost of sales, and are reported directly in earnings along with offsetting transaction gains and losses on the items being hedged. Derivatives used to hedge forecasted cash flows associated with foreign currency commitments or forecasted commodity purchases may be accounted for as cash flow hedges, as deemed appropriate. Gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax and reclassified to earnings as a component of product sales or expenses, as applicable, when the hedged transaction occurs. Gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in Other operating activities, net within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. To the extent that a previously designated hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationship is recorded currently in earnings in the period it occurs.

Additional information pertaining to net investment hedging is included in Note 18, "Financial Instruments".

Non-designated Derivative Instruments. To the extent the hedge accounting criteria are not applied, the foreign currency forward contracts and commodity price contracts are utilized as economic hedges and changes in the fair value of these contracts are recorded currently in earnings in the period in which they occur. Additional information pertaining to these contracts is included in Note 18, "Financial Instruments".

In addition, the Company periodically enters into sales contracts denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the parties to the transaction. The Company accounts for these transactions separately valuing the embedded derivative component of these contracts. The changes in the fair value of these embedded derivatives are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recognized a gain of $1 million, a loss of $3 million and a loss of $27 million, respectively, due to the changes in fair value of embedded derivatives.

Environmental. Environmental investigatory, remediation, operating and maintenance costs are accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The most likely cost to be incurred is accrued based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site, including current laws, regulations and prior remediation experience. Where no amount within a range of estimates is more likely, the minimum is accrued. Liabilities with fixed or reliably determinable future cash payments are discounted. Accrued environmental liabilities are not reduced by potential insurance reimbursements. See Note 22, "Contingent Liabilities" for additional details on the environmental remediation activities.

Research and Development. These costs are expensed in the period incurred and are shown on a separate line of the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Research and development expenses, covering research and the advancement of potential new and improved products and their uses, primarily include salaries and other employment costs.

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net includes the impact of changes in the fair value and settlement of derivatives, gains or losses on sale of businesses and fixed assets, earnings from equity method investments, fair value changes on equity securities, impairments, non-recurring Separation-related expenses, gains on insurance recoveries and certain other infrequent operating income and expense items.

Foreign Exchange. We conduct business in many different currencies and, accordingly, are subject to the inherent risks associated with foreign exchange rate movements. The financial position and results of operations of substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rates existing at the respective balance sheet dates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates during the respective periods. The aggregate effects of translating the balance sheets of these subsidiaries are deferred within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Pension and Postretirement Obligations. Guidance under FASB ASC Topic 715: Compensation – Retirement Benefits requires balance sheet recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of pension and postretirement benefit plans. Under this guidance, actuarial gains and losses, prior service costs or credits and any remaining transition assets or obligations that have not been recognized under previous accounting standards must be recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Pension and postretirement obligation balances

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and related costs reflected within the Consolidated Financial Statements include both costs directly attributable to plans dedicated to Otis, as well as an allocation of costs for Otis employees’ participation in our former parent, UTC’s plans prior to Separation. See Note 13, "Employee Benefit Plans" for additional information.

Additional Paid-in Capital. Additional paid-in capital includes the value of stock-based award activity, as well as the difference between the cost of acquiring the Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries and Otis' carrying value of the Noncontrolling interest associated with those subsidiaries.

In 2021, the Company recorded in Additional paid-in capital $2 million for transaction costs associated with the anticipated acquisition of shares of Zardoya Otis not owned by the Company. Refer to Note 1, "Business Overview" for additional information on the Tender Offer.

Noncontrolling Interest. Ownership interest in the Company's consolidated subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company are presented separately from Shareholders' (Deficit) Equity as “Noncontrolling interest” within equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation and the noncontrolling interest are both presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

All noncontrolling interest with redemption features, such as put options or other contractual obligations to acquire the noncontrolling interest, that are not solely within our control are redeemable noncontrolling interest. Redeemable noncontrolling interest are reported in the mezzanine section of the Consolidated Balance Sheets, between Liabilities and equity (deficit), at the greater of redemption value or initial carrying value.

In 2021, the Company identified a misclassification between noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interest. The impact of the correction of the misclassification to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2019 was an increase to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $94 million, a decrease to noncontrolling interest of $79 million and a decrease to UTC Net Investment of $15 million. The impact of the correction of the misclassification to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 was an increase to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $103 million, a decrease to noncontrolling interest of $75 million and a decrease to UTC Net Investment of $28 million. The impact of the correction of the misclassification to the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 was an increase to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $111 million, a decrease to noncontrolling interest of $81 million and a decrease to Accumulated Deficit of $30 million. Additionally, the impact of redeemable noncontrolling interest to net income attributable to common shareholders was a reduction of $0.03 to basic and diluted earnings per share of Common Stock in 2019. There was no impact to basic or diluted earnings per share of Common Stock in 2020.

The activity attributable to noncontrolling interest and redeemable noncontrolling interest for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

UTC Net Investment. For periods prior to the Separation, UTC’s Net Investment in the Company was presented as “UTC Net Investment (Deficit)” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity includes activity in UTC Net Investment (Deficit) for corporate allocations, net cash transfers and other property transfers between our former parent, UTC, and the Company, as well as related party receivables, payables and long-term debt between the Company and other UTC affiliates that were settled on a current basis. Prior to the Separation, UTC performed cash management and other treasury-related functions on a centralized basis for nearly all of its legal entities, which included the Company, and, consequently, the net cash generated by the Company in legal entities that participated in UTC’s centralized cash management and financing programs was transferred to UTC through the related party accounts. See Note 5, "Related Parties" for additional information.


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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU and its related amendments (collectively, the "Credit Loss Standard") modifies the impairment model to utilize an expected loss methodology in place of the incurred loss methodology for financial instruments including trade receivables, contract assets, long term receivables and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Credit Loss Standard requires consideration of a broader range of information to estimate expected credit losses, including historical information and current conditions through a reasonable forecast period. The Credit Loss Standard requires that the income statement reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets as well as the expected increase or decrease of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period, which may result in earlier recognition of certain losses. We adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020 utilizing a modified retrospective approach. A cumulative-effect non-cash after-tax adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2020 of $25 million was recorded.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The new standard removes the disclosure requirements for the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The provisions of this ASU were effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The new standard provides updated guidance surrounding implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. The provisions of this ASU were effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this standard prospectively effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). The new standard allows companies to reclassify to retained earnings the stranded tax effects in Accumulated other comprehensive income from the then-newly-enacted TCJA. The new standard was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard and elected to reclassify the income tax effects of the TCJA from Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) to UTC Net Investment effective January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The new standard includes updates to the disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans including several additions, deletions and modifications to the disclosure requirements. The provisions of this ASU were effective for years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in this update remove certain exceptions of Topic 740 including: exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or gain from other items; exception to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment; exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary; exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. There are also additional areas of guidance in regards to: franchise and other taxes partially based on income and the interim recognition of enactment of tax laws and rate changes. The provisions of this ASU were effective for years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Future Accounting Pronouncements