Pacific Green Technologies Inc. - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019

☐   TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from [        ] to [          ]

Commission file number 000-54756

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (302) 601-4659

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant on September 30, 2018, was $59,603,049  based on a $1.80 average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.

45,493,439 common shares issued and outstanding as of July 1, 2019.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

Table of Contents

Item 1. Business

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including the risks in the section entitled “Risk Factors”, that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

Our financial statements are stated in United States dollars (US$) and are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

In this annual report, unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars and all references to “common shares” refer to the common shares in our capital stock.

As used in this annual report and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “we”, “us”, “our” and “our company” mean Pacific Green Technologies Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiaries, (1) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Inc., a Delaware corporation, (2) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Group Inc., a Delaware corporation, (3) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Inc., a Canadian corporation, (4) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Limited, a United Kingdom company, (5) Pacific Green Technologies International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, (6) Pacific Green Technologies Asia Limited, a Hong Kong company, and (7) Pacific Green Technologies China Limited, a Hong Kong company, unless otherwise indicated.

Strategy

The Company is the proprietary owner of emission control technologies with three distinct applications:

The first of the Company’s technologies to gain significant traction has been ENVI-Marine^TM. During the year ended 31 March 2019, the Company secured an order book for its ENVI-Marine^TM technology of approximately USD$180 million.

The Company proactively seeks the acquisition and development of other technologies designed to improve the environment.

ENVI-Marine^TM

Diesel exhaust from ships, ferries and tankers includes ash and soot as particulate components and sulphur dioxide as an acid gas. Testing has been conducted on diesel shipping to confirm the application of seawater as a neutralizing agent for sulphur emissions as well as capturing particulate matter. In addition to marine applications, these tests also showed applicability of the system for large displacement engines such as stationary generators, compressors, container handling, heavy construction and mining equipment.

In 2017, the Company manufactured the components for an ENVI-Marine unit that was installed on MV Westminster, a chemical ship owned by Union Maritime Limited (“Union”). Under the terms of an Energy Management Lease dated December 16, 2016, Union will make quarterly payments of $118,000 to the Company determined as their estimated savings realized by the ENVI-Marine units’ operation up to an aggregate of $1,995,000.

The Company has been actively marketing its ENVI-Marine™ units to ship brokers and ship owners through most of the year. In the year ended 31 March 2019, our company and its subsidiaries have successfully executed several agreements;

ENVI-Pure^TM

Increasing legislation relating to landfill of municipal solid waste has led to the emergence of increasing numbers of waste to energy plants (“WtE”). A WtE plant obviates the need for landfill, burning municipal waste for conversion to electricity. A WtE plant is typically 45-100MW. The ENVI-Pure™ system is particularly suited to WtE as it cleans multiple pollutants in a single system. The Company has successfully tested its ENVI-Pure™ technology at a WtE plant in Edmonton, England, United Kingdom, and is in discussions regarding the installation of its technologies at WtE facilities in China.

ENVI-Clean^TM

EnviroTechnologies Inc. has successfully conducted sulphur dioxide demonstration tests at the American Bituminous Coal Partners power plant in Grant Town, West Virginia. The testing achieved a three test average of 99.3% removal efficiency. The implementation of US Clean Air regulations in July 2010 has created additional demand for sulphur dioxide removal in all industries emitting sulphur pollution. Furthermore, China consumes approximately one half of the world’s coal, but introduced measures designed to reduce energy and carbon intensity in its 12th Five Year Plan. Applications include regional power facilities and heating for commercial buildings and greenhouses. Typical applications range in size from 1 to 20 megawatts (MW) with power generation occupying the larger end of the range.

Following the signing of a joint venture agreement with Power China SPEM, an ENVI-Clean™ was sold to a steelworks company in Yancheng to remove SO² from its 93MW gas combustion powerplant.

The ENVI-Clean™ system removes most of the sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, greenhouse gases and other hazardous air pollutants from the flue gases produced by the combustion of coal, biomass, municipal solid waste, diesel and other fuels.   

Significant transactions

There have been no significant transactions during the year ended 31 March 2019 that are not in the ordinary course of the Company’s business.

Form of any subsequent acquisitions

The manner in which we participate in an opportunity will depend upon the nature of the opportunity, our respective needs and desires and those of the promoters of the opportunity, and our relative negotiating strength compared to that of such promoters.

It is likely that we will acquire further participations in business opportunities through the issuance of our common stock, or other of our securities. Although the terms of any such transaction cannot be predicted, it should be noted that in certain circumstances the criteria for determining whether or not an acquisition is a so-called “tax free” reorganization under Section 368(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, depends upon whether the owners of the acquired business own 80% or more of the voting stock of the surviving entity. If a transaction were structured to take advantage of these provisions rather than other “tax free” provisions provided under the Code, all prior stockholders would in such circumstances retain 20% or less of the total issued and outstanding shares of the surviving entity. Under other circumstances, depending upon the relative negotiating strength of the parties, prior stockholders may retain substantially less than 20% of the total issued and outstanding shares of the surviving entity. This could result in substantial additional dilution to the equity of those who were our stockholders prior to such reorganization.

Our stockholders will likely not have control of a majority of our voting securities following a reorganization transaction. As part of such a transaction, our directors may resign and one or more new directors may be appointed without any vote by stockholders.

In the case of an acquisition, the transaction may be accomplished upon the sole determination of management without any vote or approval by our stockholders. In the case of a statutory merger or consolidation directly involving our company, it will likely be necessary to call a stockholders’ meeting and obtain the approval of the holders of a majority of our outstanding securities. The necessity to obtain such stockholder approval may result in delay and additional expense in the consummation of any proposed transaction and will also give rise to certain appraisal rights to dissenting stockholders. Most likely, management will seek to structure any such transaction so as not to require stockholder approval.

It is anticipated that the investigation of specific business opportunities and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention and substantial cost for accountants, attorneys and others. If a decision is made not to participate in a specific business opportunity, the costs theretofore incurred in the related investigation might not be recoverable. Furthermore, even if an agreement is reached for the participation in a specific business opportunity, the failure to consummate that transaction may result in the loss to us of the related costs incurred.

Competition

We face competition from various companies involved in the environmental technology industries and specifically companies involved in filtering of pollutants.

Many of our competitors have longer operating histories, better brand recognition and greater financial resources than we do. To successfully compete in our industry we will need to:

However, there can be no assurance that even if we do these things, we will be able to compete effectively with the other companies in our industry.

As we are a newly-established company, we face the same problems as other new companies starting up in an industry, such as lack of available funds. Our competitors may be substantially larger and better funded than us, and have significantly longer histories of research, operation and development than us. In addition, they may be able to provide more competitive products than we can and generally be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in legislation and regulations relating to the industry. Additionally, our competitors may devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products or services than we do. Increased competition could also result in loss of key personnel, reduced margins or loss of market share, any of which could harm our business.

Intellectual Property

We do not own, either legally or beneficially, any patent or trademark, except for the proprietary emission abatement systems, currently known as:

The ENVI-Clean™ system has protected intellectual property rights throughout most of the world. Its technology is protected by Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent application no. PCT/CA210/000988 filed June 25, 2010 with a priority filing date of June 25, 2009. The International Preliminary Report on Patentability for this PCT application considered all patent claims of the application to be patentable. EnviroTechnologies has pending national or regional phase patent applications claiming priority from PCT/CA2010/000988 covering 127 countries. Once patents issue, patent rights in this technology will generally endure until June 25, 2030.

Further, we own the rights to the US provisional patent application no. US 61/614696 for the integrated wet scrubbing system. Additionally, we own the rights to US provisional patent application no. US 61/645874 for the flooded wet scrubbing head patent.

Identification of Certain Significant Employees and Directors

Effective December 18, 2012, we entered into a non-executive director agreement with Dr. Neil Carmichael, wherein Dr. Carmichael received compensation of $1,000 for the term of the agreement and was granted options to purchase up to 62,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share of common stock. The options were to terminate the earlier of 24 months, or upon the termination of the agreement and Dr. Carmichael’s engagement with our company. Those options expired unexercised.

On September 26, 2013, we entered into an agreement with Andrew Jolly, wherein Dr. Jolly agreed to serve as a director of our company. Pursuant to the agreement, our company is to compensate Dr. Jolly for serving as a director of our company at GBP£2,000 (approximately $3,235) per calendar month. Effective October 1, 2013, we appointed Dr. Jolly as a director of our company.

We entered into an agreement dated July 20, 2015 with Mr. Alexander Shead. Pursuant to this agreement, Mr. Shead agreed to serve as a director of our company.

Effective May 5, 2018, the Pacific Green Technologies Inc. appointed Mr. Scott Poulter as an Executive Director. Mr. Poulter has been a consultant to the Company since 2010.

Effective January 24, 2019, Pacific Green Technologies Inc. appointed Iain Lees as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. Concurrently with the appointment, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Lees, pursuant to which he will receive compensation of $250,000 per year for the duration of the agreement.

Effective 24 May, 2019, the appointment of Richard Oliver as Chief Financial Officer.

Our directors, executive officers and certain contracted individuals play an important role in the running of our company. Our subsidiary companies employ approximately 45 employees, and the number of employees continue to grow as the Company’s operations expand. We engage contractors from time to time to consult with us on specific corporate affairs or to perform specific tasks in connection with our operations.

Government Regulations

Some aspects of our intended operations will be subject to a variety of federal, provincial, state and local laws, rules and regulations in North America and worldwide relating to, among other things, worker safety and the use, storage, discharge and disposal of environmentally sensitive materials. For example, we are subject to the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (“RCRA”), the principal federal legislation regulating hazardous waste generation, management and disposal.

Under some of the laws regulating the use, storage, discharge and disposal of environmentally sensitive materials, an owner or lessee of real estate may be liable for the costs of removing or remediating certain hazardous or toxic substances located on or in, or emanating from, such property, as well as related costs of investigation and property damage. Laws of this nature often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or lessee knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances. These laws and regulations may require the removal or remediation of pollutants and may impose civil and criminal penalties for violations. Some of the laws and regulations authorize the recovery of natural resource damages by the government, injunctive relief and the imposition of stop, control, remediation and abandonment orders. The costs arising from compliance with environmental and natural resource laws and regulations may increase operating costs for both us and our potential customers. We are also subject to safety policies of jurisdictional-specific Workers Compensation Boards and similar agencies regulating the health and safety of workers.

We are not aware of any material violations of environmental permits, licenses or approvals issued with respect to our operations. We expect to comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to our intended business. At this time, we do not anticipate any material capital expenditures to comply with environmental or various regulations and requirements.

While our intended projects or business activities have been designed to produce environmentally friendly green energy or other alternative products for which no specific regulatory barriers exist, any regulatory changes that impose additional restrictions or requirements on us or on our potential customers could adversely affect us by increasing our operating costs and decreasing potential demand for our technologies, products or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Subsidiaries

Our company’s wholly owned subsidiaries are (1) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Group Inc., a Delaware corporation, (2) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Inc., a Canadian corporation, (3) Pacific Green Marine Technologies Limited, a United Kingdom company, (4) Pacific Green Technologies International Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, (5) Pacific Green Technologies Asia Limited, a Hong Kong company, and (6) Pacific Green Technologies China Limited, a Hong Kong company.

REPORTS TO SECURITY HOLDERS

We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission and our filings are available to the public over the internet at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. The public may read and copy any materials filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E. Washington D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-732-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and formation statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, at http://www.sec.gov.

Employees

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s subsidiaries employ people in Canada and the United Kingdom. The Company relies heavily upon the use of contractors and consultants as well.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to our Business

We have a limited operating history with significant losses.

We have yet to establish any history of profitable operations. We incurred a cumulative deficit of $85,702,755 for the period from April 5, 2011 (inception) to March 31, 2019. We had a net loss of $17,938,704 for the year ended March 31, 2019. We generated our first revenues during the year ended March 31, 2018 of $1,995,000. Since that time, we have delivered one additional sale in the year ended March 31, 2019 of $ 2,426,900, and are in the process of delivering on over 100 units which are backed by binding contracts. We expect that future revenues and profitability will be sufficient to sustain our operations for the foreseeable future. Our profitability will depend on our ability to successfully market and sell the Technologies and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so.

We may not be able to secure additional financing to meet our future capital needs due to changes in general economic conditions.

We anticipate needing significant capital to develop our sales force and effective market the Technologies. We may use capital more rapidly than currently anticipated and incur higher operating expenses than currently expected, and we may be required to depend on external financing to satisfy our operating and capital needs. We may need new or additional financing in the future to conduct our operations or expand our business. Any sustained weakness in the general economic conditions and/or financial markets in the United States or globally could adversely affect our ability to raise capital on favorable terms or at all. From time to time we have relied, and may also rely in the future, on access to financial markets as a source of liquidity to satisfy working capital requirements and for general corporate purposes. We may be unable to secure debt or equity financing on terms acceptable to us, or at all, at the time when we need such funding. If we do raise funds by issuing additional equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership percentages of existing stockholders would be reduced, and the securities that we issue may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock or may be issued at a discount to the market price of our common stock which would result in dilution to our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt, we may be subject to debt covenants, which could place limitations on our operations including our ability to declare and pay dividends. Our inability to raise additional funds on a timely basis would make it difficult for us to achieve our business objectives and would have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses, delays and difficulties frequently encountered in establishing a new business in an emerging and evolving industry, including the following factors:

We cannot be sure that we will be successful in meeting these challenges and addressing these risks and uncertainties. If we are unable to do so, our business will not be successful and the value of your investment in us will decline.

Our business is subject to environmental and consumer protection legislation and any changes in such legislation could prevent us from becoming profitable.

The energy production and technology industries are subject to many laws and regulations which govern the protection of the environment, quality control standards, health and safety requirements, and the management, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances and other waste. Environmental laws and regulations may require removal or remediation of pollutants and may impose civil and criminal penalties for violations. Some environmental laws and regulations authorize the recovery of natural resource damages by the government, injunctive relief and the imposition of stop, control, remediation and abandonment orders. Similarly, consumer protection laws impose quality control standards on products marketed to the public and prohibit the distribution and marketing of products not meeting those standards.

The costs arising from compliance with environmental and consumer protection laws and regulations may increase operating costs for both us and our potential customers. Any regulatory changes that impose additional environmental restrictions or quality control requirements on us or on our potential customers could adversely affect us through increased operating costs and potential decreased demand for our services, which could prevent us from becoming profitable.

The development and expansion of our business through acquisitions, joint ventures, and other strategic transactions may create risks that may reduce the benefits we anticipate from these strategic alliances and may prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitability.

We intend to enter into technology acquisition and licensing agreements and strategic alliances such as joint ventures or partnerships in order to develop and commercialize our proposed technologies and services, and to increase our competitiveness. We currently do not have any commitments or agreements regarding acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic alliances. Our management is unable to predict whether or when we will secure any such commitments or agreements, or whether such commitments or agreements will be secured on favorable terms and conditions.

Our ability to continue or expand our operations through acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic alliances depends on many factors, including our ability to identify acquisitions, joint ventures, or partnerships, or access capital markets on acceptable terms. Even if we are able to identify strategic alliance targets, we may be unable to obtain the necessary financing to complete these transactions and could financially overextend ourselves.

Acquisitions, joint ventures or other strategic transactions may present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including diversion of management attention from existing business and difficulties in integrating operations and personnel. Acquisitions or other strategic alliances also pose the risk that we may be exposed to successor liability relating to prior actions involving a predecessor company, or contingent liabilities incurred before a strategic transaction. Due diligence conducted in connection with an acquisition, and any contractual guarantees or indemnities that we receive from sellers of acquired companies, may not be sufficient to protect us from, or compensate us for, actual liabilities. Liabilities associated with an acquisition or a strategic transaction could adversely affect our business and financial performance and reduce the benefits of the acquisition or strategic transaction. Any failure to integrate new businesses or manage any new alliances successfully could adversely affect our business and financial performance and prevent us from achieving profitability.

We are dependent upon our officers for execution of our business plan. However, our CEO, Neil Carmichael, will only spend a modest amount of his time in managing our company. As a result, our future success depends heavily upon the continuing services of the other members of our senior management team. If one or more of such other of our senior executives or other key personnel are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, and our business may be disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Competition for senior management and key personnel is intense, the pool of qualified candidates is very limited, and we may not be able to retain the services of our senior executives or key personnel, or attract and retain high-quality senior executives or key personnel in the future. We do not currently maintain key man insurance on our senior managers. The loss of the services of our senior management team and employees could result in a disruption of operations which could result in reduced revenues.

We are at risk that the Technologies will not perform to expectations.

As at the date of this annual report, the Technologies have been tested to satisfactory requirements but there is no guarantee that the Technologies will continue to perform satisfactorily in the future which would damage our prospects.

The market for alternative energy products, technologies or services is emerging and rapidly evolving and its future success is uncertain. Insufficient demand for the Technologies would prevent us from achieving or sustaining profitability.

It is possible that we may spend large sums of money to bring the Technologies to market, but demand may not develop or may develop more slowly than we anticipate.

Our future success is currently dependent on our Technologies and:

We may be unable to develop widespread commercial markets for our Technologies. We may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability.

Competition within the environment sustainability industry may prevent us from becoming profitable.

The alternative energies industry is competitive and fragmented and includes numerous small companies capable of competing effectively in the market we target as well as several large companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. Larger competitors’ greater resources could allow those competitors to compete more effectively than we can with our Technologies. A number of competitors have developed more mature businesses than us and and have successfully built their names in the international alternative energy markets. These various competitors may be able to offer products, sustainability technologies or services more competitively priced and more widely available than our Technologies and may also have greater resources to create or develop new technologies and products than us. Failure to compete in the alternative energy industry may prevent us from becoming profitable, and thus you may lose your entire investment.

We are at risk that we are unable to manufacture our Technologies in accordance with contractual terms.

All contracts which we secure for the sale of our Technologies will require that we supply a functioning emission control system. There is a risk that we are unable to manufacture and supply our Technologies in accordance with contractual terms. Any failure by us to perform our obligations under any such contract may have a detrimental impact on our financial standing and reputation.

Risks Related to our Stockholders and Shares of Common Stock

The continued sale of our equity securities will dilute the ownership percentage of our existing stockholders and may decrease the market price for our common stock.

As of May 31, 2019, the Company’s cash reserves are approximately $6.1m. We expect to continue our efforts to market, manufacture and deliver our Technologies to customers. Should the Company need additional resources, we may consider selling additional equity securities which will result in dilution to our existing stockholders. In short, our continued need to sell equity will result in reduced percentage ownership interests for all of our investors, which may decrease the market price for our common stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends and there will thus be fewer ways in which you are able to make a gain on your investment.

We have never paid dividends and do not intend to pay any dividends for the foreseeable future. To the extent that we may require additional funding currently not provided for in our financing plan, our funding sources may prohibit the declaration of dividends. Because we do not intend to pay dividends, any gain on your investment will need to result from an appreciation in the price of our common stock. There will therefore be fewer ways in which you are able to make a gain on your investment. In the future when we do intend to pay dividend, we will formalize a dividend policy.

Because the SEC imposes additional sales practice requirements on brokers who deal in shares of penny stocks, some brokers may be unwilling to trade our securities. This means that you may have difficulty reselling your shares, which may cause the value of your investment to decline.

Our shares are classified as penny stocks and are covered by Section 15(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) which imposes additional sales practice requirements on brokers-dealers who sell our securities in this offering or in the aftermarket. For sales of our securities, broker-dealers must make a special suitability determination and receive a written agreement prior from you to making a sale on your behalf. Because of the imposition of the foregoing additional sales practices, it is possible that broker-dealers will not want to make a market in our common stock. This could prevent you from reselling your shares and may cause the value of your investment to decline.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) sales practice requirements may limit your ability to buy and sell our common stock, which could depress the price of our shares.

FINRA rules require broker-dealers to have reasonable grounds for believing that an investment is suitable for a customer before recommending that investment to the customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status and investment objectives, among other things. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability such speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. Thus, FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our shares, have an adverse effect on the market for our shares, and thereby depress our share price.

We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act of 2012, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”), and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any Sept 30. 

Our status as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act of 2012 may make it more difficult to raise capital as and when we need it.

Because of the exemptions from various reporting requirements provided to us as an “emerging growth company” we may be less attractive to investors and it may be difficult for us to raise additional capital as and when we need it. Investors may be unable to compare our business with other companies in our industry if they believe that our reporting is not as transparent as other companies in our industry. If we are unable to raise additional capital as and when we need it, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 2. Properties

Our registered business address for correspondence is Suite #10212 8 The Green, Dover, DE 19901. Our telephone number is (302) 601-4659.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Except for below, we know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against our company, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates, or any registered beneficial shareholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

On November 14, 2013, a shareholder holding one common share in our company (the “Plaintiff”) commenced an action against us, as a nominal defendant, and PGG for recovery of short-swing profits (the “Action”) under section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Section 16(b)”). The Plaintiff alleges that PGG, a shareholder of our company of more than ten percent, profited from the purchase and sale of our stock within a period of less than six months.

PGG disposed of:

On August 27, 2013, PGG acquired 2,237,929 shares at a deemed value of $0.001, being our common share par value, pursuant to a share exchange with shareholders of EnviroTechnologies. The Action states that, pursuant to Section 16(b), the alleged total short-swing profit is $1,035,086.79 and must be disgorged to our company.

As our company declined to pursue a claim against PGG under Section 16(b), the Action was brought on behalf of our company by the Plaintiff. This action was commenced in the United States District Court in the Southern District of New York. On January 12, 2016 a Settlement Agreement was reached between the parties that requires PGG to pay PGT and further, PGT to pay the Plaintiff’s counsel $325,000 in tranches of $150,000 within 60 days of the agreement being fully executed, $50,000 within 120 days of the settlement and $125,000 within 7 months of the settlement. On August 18, 2016 the US District Court, Southern District of New York dismissed the action upon notification by the plaintiff’s counsel that the final payment had been made.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common shares are quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “PGTK”, but trade infrequently. Our common shares are not currently listed on the NASDAQ.

The high and low bid prices of our common stock for the periods indicated below are as follows:

As of July 1, 2019, there were 245 holders of record of our common stock. As of such date, 45,493,439 of our common stock were issued and outstanding.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends to date and do not anticipate or contemplate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. It is the present intention of management to utilize all available funds for the development of our business.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

On July 20, 2015, the Company granted options to Dr. Carmichael to purchase up to 312,500 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share of common stock on or before July 19, 2018. The options expiry date was extended to June 30, 2019.

On July 20, 2015, the Company granted options to a Company controlled by a Director, Mr. Shead, to purchase up to 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share of common stock on or before July 19, 2018. These options were exercised on July 11, 2018.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

Except where otherwise indicated, each of the below described issuances of common shares was made to a non- U.S. person, as that term is defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933), in an offshore transaction relying on Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On March 27, 2017, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock relating to a non-brokered private placement at a price of $1.50 per share for proceeds of $150,000.

As at March 31, 2017, the Company had $50,000 of share subscription proceeds for 33,333 shares of common stock at $1.50 per share recorded in common stock issuable. Those shares were issued on June 1, 2017.

On June 1, 2017, the Company issued 33,333 shares of common stock relating to a non-brokered private placement at a price of $1.50 per share for proceeds of $50,000, which was recorded as common stock issuable as at March 31, 2017.

On June 1, 2017, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock relating to a non-brokered private placement at a price of $0.80 per share for proceeds of $400,000.

On September 13, 2017, the Company issued 1,337,500 shares of common stock relating to non-brokered private placements at a price of $0.80 per share for proceeds of $1,070,000.

On September 13, 2017, the Company issued 22,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $9,900 to various consultants for consulting services. The fair value of the common stock was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock.

On September 19, 2017, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $125,000 pursuant to a conversion of $20,000 in principal and $107,545 in derivative liability relating to the November 10, 2015 convertible debenture. The fair value of the common stock was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the notice of conversion. This transaction resulted in a gain on extinguishment of debt of $2,545.

On September 25, 2017, the Company issued 8,636,595 shares of common stock with a fair value of $8,636,595 to PGG in settlement of the note payable of $5,000,000 in outstanding note payable and $3,636,595 in other advances due on demand.

On September 25, 2017, the Company issued 404,901 shares of common stock with a fair value of $404,901 to a significant shareholder of the Company in settlement of the loan payable of $319,418 (£289,144) and accrued interest of $85,483 (£65,525).

On October 4, 2017, the Company issued 320,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $268,800 pursuant to a conversion of $40,000 in principal and $114,411 in derivative liability relating to the November 10, 2015 convertible debenture. The fair value of the common stock was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the notice of conversion. This transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $114,389.

On November 7, 2017, the Company issued 934,963 shares of common stock for proceeds of $935 pursuant to the exercise of share purchase warrants to a company controlled by a shareholder and director of the Company who has a significant influence on the Company’s operations.

On December 1, 2017, the Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock relating to non-brokered private placement at a price of $0.80 per share for proceeds of $40,000.

On December 1, 2017, the Company issued 221,628 shares of common stock relating to non-brokered private placements at a price of $0.86 per share for proceeds of $190,600. Of this amount, 76,279 shares of common stock for proceeds of $65,600 were issued to a company controlled by a director of the Company.

On December 1, 2017, the Company issued 1,000,065 shares of common stock relating to non-brokered private placements at a price of $1.00 per share for proceeds of $1,000,065.

On February 20, 2018, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock relating to non-brokered private placements at a price of $1.00 per share for proceeds of $500,000. Concurrent and subject to the financing completion, the Company granted the subscriber 1,875,000 share purchase warrants. Of the share purchase warrants issued, 375,000 share purchase warrants are exercisable at $0.01 per share until August 23, 2018, 500,000 share purchase warrants are exercisable at $1.00 per share until November 23, 2018, and 1,000,000 share purchase warrants are exercisable at $1.00 per share until November 23, 2019.

On February 20, 2018, the Company issued 375,000 shares of common stock for proceeds of $3,750 pursuant to the exercise of share purchase warrants.

On February 22, 2018, the Company issued 24,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $24,000 to settle debt of $24,000 owing to a director of the Company.

As at March 31, 2018, the Company received $206,675 of share subscription proceeds for the issuance of 206,675 shares of common stock at a price of $1.00 per share recorded as common stock issuable. Of this amount, $56,675 of share subscription proceeds for the issuance of 56,675 shares of common stock were received from a company controlled by a director of the Company.

On April 28, 2018, the Company issued 206,675 shares of common stock relating to a non-brokered private placement at a price of $1.00 per share for proceeds of $206,675. The securities were issued to three (3) non-US persons (as that term is defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933), in an offshore transaction relying on Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On May 29, 2018, the Company issued 1,957,333 shares of common stock relating to a non-brokered private placement at a price of $1.50 per share for proceeds of $2,936,000. The securities were issued to seven (7) non-US persons (as that term is defined in Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933), in an offshore transaction relying on Regulation S of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On January 24, 2019 (for Iain Lees):

On February 26, 2019 (for Richard Oliver):

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 that appear elsewhere in this annual report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 19 of this annual report.

Our audited consolidated financial statements are stated in United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

Results of Operations

The following summary of our results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Revenue for the year ended March 31, 2019 was $2,074,950 versus $1,995,000 for the year ended March 31, 2018. The Company’s revenues were derived from the sale of marine scrubber unit and related services during 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded a sales type lease whereby the anticipated cash flows under the lease were recorded as a sale at the time of delivery of the unit. The Company’s gross margins are anticipated to increase based on new orders in process.

Our operating expenses for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:

Expenses for the year ended March 31, 2019 were $17,045,691 as compared to $3,548,955 for the year ended March 31, 2018 as the Company grew its management and operations teams in order to deliver the significant order book. Consulting fees increased significantly and were comprised of fees paid to third parties for business development efforts as well as amounts paid to the directors of Pacific Green Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries; professional fees were comprised of legal, audit and accounting costs. Significant increases related to stock based compensation, salaries and wages and travel costs as the Company developed its supply chain alongside its sales network and worked on projects in China and Europe. The granting of stock options and stock to employees, consultants and directors resulted in a significant charge of $5,974,041.  

For the year ended March 31, 2019, our company had a net loss of $17,938,704 ($0.41 per share) compared to a net loss of $4,205,840 ($0.13 per share) for the year ended March 31, 2018. In addition to the operating expenses noted above, for the year ended March 31, 2019, our company had $670 (2018 - $349,489) in interest expense, $356,081 in loss (2018 –$105,175 in loss) on the change in fair value of derivative liabilities, a lease finance charge of $106,203 (2018- $nil), a loss of $nil (2018 - $287,631) from impairment of property and equipment and other expense of $220,001 (2018 - $nil).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital

Cash Flows

As of March 31, 2019, we had $2,863,148 in cash, $18,796,757 in total current assets, $24,062,144 in total current liabilities and a working capital deficit of $5,265,387 compared to a working capital deficit of $891,882 at March 31, 2018.

We used $2,795,220 on operating activities during the year ended March 31, 2019 and $2,336,151 on operating activities during the year ended March 31, 2018.

During the year ended March 31, 2019, we received $5,451,500 from financing activities, which consisted of $5,451,500 in proceeds from the issuance of our common shares. During the year ended March 31, 2018, we received $3,073,056 from financing activities, which consisted of $3,412,026 in proceeds from the issuance of our common shares and less $338,450 in repayments of loans and amounts due to related parties.

During the year ended March 31, 2019, we used $25,000 (2018 -$802,785) in investing activities, which primarily consisted of costs for a research scrubber unit.

We do not anticipate requiring additional funds to fund our budgeted expenses over the next 12 months. However, if we do these funds may be raised through asset sales, equity financing, debt financing, or other sources, which may result in further dilution in the equity ownership of our shares.

We anticipate that our cash expenses will increase substantially over the next 12 months and will be approximately $18,300,000 as described in the table below. These estimates may change significantly depending on the nature of our business activities and our ability to raise capital from our shareholders or other sources

Our general and administrative expenses for the year will consist primarily of transfer agent fees, bank and interest charges and general office expenses. The professional fees are related to our regulatory filings throughout the year and include legal, accounting and auditing fees.

Based on our planned expenditures, we will require a minimum of $18,300,000 to proceed with our business plan over the next 12 months. As of March 31, 2019, we had $ 2,863,148 cash on hand and subsequently received significant operating cash flows from customers, $15,000,000 in April and May 2019. Based on cash resources available, we are scaling up our business development and operational personnel more quickly to meet the expected demand from ship owners for our products.

Should we require additional funding over the next twelve months, we would intend to raise new cash requirements from private placements, shareholder loans or possibly a registered public offering (either self-underwritten or through a broker-dealer). If we are unsuccessful in raising enough money through such efforts, we may review other financing possibilities such as bank loans. At this time we do not have a commitment from any broker-dealer to provide us with financing. There is no assurance that any financing will be available to us or if available, on terms that will be acceptable to us.

Even though we plan to raise capital through equity or debt financing, we believe that the latter may not be a viable alternative for funding our operations as we do not have sufficient tangible assets to secure any such financing. We anticipate that any additional funding will be in the form of equity financing from the sale of our common stock. However, we do not have any financing arranged and we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise sufficient funds from the sale of our common stock to finance our operations. In the absence of such financing, we may be forced to abandon our business plan.

Going Concern

Our financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2019 have been prepared on a going concern basis.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to stockholders.

Contractual Obligations

As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide tabular disclosure obligations.

Critical Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Our company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to the useful life and recoverability of property and equipment and intangible assets, collectability of lease receivable, fair values of convertible debentures and derivative liabilities, fair value of stock-based compensation, and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. Our company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by our company may differ materially and adversely from our company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are comprised of patents. The patents are amortized straight-line over the estimated useful life of 17 years and reviewed annually for impairment.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Our company reviews long-lived assets such as property and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue from the sale of emission control equipment and related services.

Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised products or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company reserves a 5% warranty provision on the completion of a contract following the final payment, there being a number of milestone based stage payments.

Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Our company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, amounts receivable, lease receivable, amounts due from and to related parties, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loan payable, convertible debenture, and note payable. With the exception of long-term note payable, the recorded values of all other financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective maturity dates or durations.

The following table represents assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value as of March 31, 2019, on a recurring basis: 

Stock-based compensation

The Company records share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from employees and nonemployees in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, using the fair value method. All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are measured at grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. This model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These subjective variables include, but are not limited to the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations over the requisite service period. The majority of the Company’s awards vest upon issuance.

Contract Liabilities and Contract Assets

Contractual arrangements with customers for the sale of a scrubber unit generally provide for deposits and installments through the procurement and design phases of equipment manufacturing. Amounts received from customers, which are not yet recorded as revenues under the Company’s revenue recognition policy are presented as contract liabilities.

Similarly, contractual arrangements with suppliers and manufacturers normally involved with the manufacturing of scrubber units may require advances and deposits at various stages of the manufacturing process. Payments to our manufacturing partners are recorded as contract assets until the equipment is manufactured to specifications and accepted by the customer.

Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), the Company presents the contract liabilities and contract assets on its balance sheet when one of the parties to the revenue contract has performed before the other.

Warranty Provision

The Company provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time revenue is recognized.The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product sold and geography of sale. The Company’s product warranties generally start from the delivery date and continue for up to twelve months. The Company normally has underlying manufacturing guarantees from suppliers. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty obligation include product failure rates, anticipated hours of product operations and costs of repair or replacement in correcting product failures. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available each period. Similarly, the Company also accrues the estimated costs to address reliability repairs on products no longer in warranty when, in the Company’s judgment, and in accordance with a specific plan developed by the Company, it is prudent to provide such repairs. The Company intends to assesses the adequacy of recorded warranty liabilities quarterly and makes adjustments to the liability as necessary.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements   

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). On April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments (“new revenue standard”) to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. This new standard introduced a new five-step revenue recognition model to determine how an entity should recognize revenue related to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services. Prior to adoption, the Company had only recognized revenue under a single sales-type lease arrangement and, as a result, the impact to revenues for the year ended March 31, 2018 as a result of applying Topic 606 was immaterial. The majority of revenue continues to be recognized when products are shipped or delivered to customers.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Similarly, lessors will be required to classify leases as sales-type, finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of income recognition. Classification for both lessees and lessors will be based on an assessment of whether risks and rewards as well as substantive control have been transferred through a lease contract. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to elect the new transition method approved by the FASB on June 30, 2019, which allows companies to apply the provisions of the new leasing standard as of April 1, 2019, without adjusting the comparative periods presented by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the financial statements.  

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a “smaller reporting company”, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2019

(Expressed in US dollars)

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors

Pacific Green Technologies Inc.:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Pacific Green Technologies Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for revenue due to the initial adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective April 1, 2018.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

Vancouver, Canada

July 1, 2019

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Pacific Green Technologies Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pacific Green Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year then ended and related notes (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at March 31, 2018, and the results of their operations and cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph Regarding Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As was discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company had a working capital deficit, and had incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. As at March 31, 2018, the Company had a working capital deficit of $891,882 and had an accumulated deficit of $67,764,051. These factors raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters were also discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements did not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal controls over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ SATURNA GROUP CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS LLP

Saturna Group Chartered Professional Accountants LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

Vancouver, Canada

July 13, 2018

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Expressed in U.S. dollars)

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Pacific Green Technologies Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware, USA on March 10, 1994, under the name of Beta Acquisition Corp. In September 1995, the Company changed its name to In-Sports International, Inc. In August 2002, the Company changed its name to ECash, Inc. On June 13, 2012, the Company changed its name to Pacific Green Technologies Inc. The Company is in the business of acquiring, developing, and marketing emission control technologies.

These consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and are expressed in U.S. dollars. The following accounting policies are consistently applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the following entities:

All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions related to the useful life and recoverability of property and equipment and intangible assets, collectability of lease receivable, fair values of convertible debentures and derivative liabilities, fair value of stock-based compensation, and deferred income tax asset valuation allowances. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded at the following annual rates:

Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are comprised of patents. The patents are amortized straight-line over the estimated useful life of 17 years.

The Company reviews long-lived assets such as property and equipment and intangible assets with finite useful lives for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset.

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1

Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2

Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3

Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash, amounts receivable, amounts in escrow, loan receivable, lease receivable, amounts due from and to related parties, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, loan payable, convertible debenture, and note payable. The recorded values of these financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature and respective maturity dates or durations.

The lease receivable is recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for the accretion of interest income which is accreted over the life of the lease using the effective interest method. The present value of the lease receivable represents the future contractual cash flows discounted at a rate of 5.4%.

The following table represents assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value as of March 31, 2019, on a recurring basis:

During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized a loss on the change in fair value of derivative liability of $356,081 (2018 – $105,175).

The Company derives revenue from the sale of emission control equipment and related services.

Revenue is recognized when control of products or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those promised products or services.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

During the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company completed the installation of a scrubber unit under an energy management lease arrangement. The energy management lease arrangement qualifies for sales-type lease accounting and includes an option for the transfer of title at the conclusion of the lease payments.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Contractual arrangements with customers for the sale of a scrubber unit generally provide for deposits and installments through the procurement and design phases of equipment manufacturing. Amounts received from customers, which are not yet recorded as revenues under the Company’s revenue recognition policy are presented as contract liabilities.

Similarly, contractual arrangements with suppliers and manufacturers normally involved with the manufacturing of scrubber units may require advances and deposits at various stages of the manufacturing process. Payments to our manufacturing partners are recorded as contract assets until the equipment is manufactured to specifications and accepted by the customer.

Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), the Company presents the contract liabilities and contract assets on its balance sheet when one of the parties to the revenue contract has performed before the other.

The Company provides for the estimated costs of warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product sold and geography of sale. The Company’s product warranties generally start from the delivery date and continue for up to twelve months. The Company normally has underlying manufacturing guarantees from suppliers. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty obligation include product failure rates, anticipated hours of product operations and costs of repair or replacement in correcting product failures. These factors are estimates that may change based on new information that becomes available each period. Similarly, the Company also accrues the estimated costs to address reliability repairs on products no longer in warranty when, in the Company’s judgment, and in accordance with a specific plan developed by the Company, it is prudent to provide such repairs. The Company intends to assesses the adequacy of recorded warranty liabilities quarterly and makes adjustments to the liability as necessary.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. The asset and liability method provides that deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The Company has not recorded any amounts pertaining to uncertain tax positions.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currencies of PGMTL, PGTIL, and Energy Park Sutton Bridge (EPSB) are in Great British pounds. The functional currencies of PGTA and PGTC are the United States dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets, liabilities, and items recorded in income arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated at rates of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Gains and losses arising on translation or settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in the determination of income.

The accounts of PGMTL, PGTIL, and EPSB are translated to United States dollars using the current rate method. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars at the period–end exchange rate while revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates during the period. Related exchange gains and losses are included in a separate component of stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.

Research and development costs are charged as operating expenses as incurred.

The Company records share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from employees and nonemployees in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, using the fair value method. All transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are measured at grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock-based awards. This model is affected by the Company’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These subjective variables include, but are not limited to the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the consolidated statement of operations over the requisite service period. The majority of the Company’s awards vest upon issuance.

The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) on the face of the consolidated statement of operations. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding (denominator) during the period. Diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible preferred stock using the if-converted method. In computing diluted EPS, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. As at March 31, 2019, the Company had 7,918,343 (2018 – 2,193,347) potentially dilutive shares outstanding.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other related gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that are excluded from net income or loss. As at March 31, 2019 and 2018, comprehensive loss includes cumulative translation adjustments for changes in foreign currency exchange rates during the period.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). On April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments (“new revenue standard”) to all contracts using the modified retrospective method. This new standard introduced a new five-step revenue recognition model to determine how an entity should recognize revenue related to the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity is entitled to receive for those goods or services. Prior to adoption, the Company had only recognized revenue under a single sales-type lease arrangement and, as a result, the impact to revenues for the year ended March 31, 2018 as a result of applying Topic 606 was immaterial. The majority of revenue continues to be recognized when products are shipped or delivered to customers.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. Similarly, lessors will be required to classify leases as sales-type, finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of income recognition. Classification for both lessees and lessors will be based on an assessment of whether risks and rewards as well as substantive control have been transferred through a lease contract. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to elect the new transition method approved by the FASB on June 30, 2019, which allows companies to apply the provisions of the new leasing standard as of April 1, 2019, without adjusting the comparative periods presented by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the financial statements.  

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. The ASU sets forth a “current expected credit loss” (CECL) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the provisions of this ASU to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and XBRL Taxonomy based on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) that was signed into law on December 22, 2017 and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) that was released by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Act changes numerous provisions that impact U.S. corporate tax rates, business-related exclusions, and deductions and credits and may additionally have international tax consequences for many companies that operate internationally. The Company has evaluated the impact of the Act as well as the guidance of SAB 118 and incorporated the changes into the determination of a reasonable estimate of its deferred tax liability and appropriate disclosures in the notes to its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) -Disclosure Framework. The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The updated guidance if effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The Company does not expect the provisions of this ASU to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which expands the scope of Topic 718 to include nonemployee share-based payment transactions. Under the guidance in ASU 2018-07, nonemployee share-based payment awards will be accounted for in the same manner as employee awards, except for attribution and certain option valuation exceptions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and will be applied prospectively to all awards that are measured at fair value after the adoption date. Early adoption is permitted, although no earlier than the entity’s adoption of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). Effective from April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2018-07 subsequent to early adoption of ASU 2014-09 (Topic 606). There is no material impact on Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and that may impact its consolidated financial statements and does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

At March 31, 2019, the Company has a $38,147 (CAD$50,000) Guaranteed Investment Certificate (“GIC”) held as security against a corporate credit card. The GIC bears interest at 0.5% per annum and matures February 4, 2020.

At March 31, 2019, the Company’s solicitor is holding $1,698,791 (2018 - $nil) relating to proceeds under customer contracts.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

On December 12, 2017, the Company completed the sale of a constructed ENVI-Marine scrubber system under an energy management lease arrangement. The Company’s lease receivable as at March 31, 2019 and 2018, consists of an amount due from the customer under a long-term lease arrangement.

The payments to the Company under the lease arrangement are calculated under a cost savings model. During March 2019, the Company and lessee have agreed to a revised payment schedule based on a quarterly payment of $118,000 per quarter through fiscal 2022 in place of the cost saving model. The current portion presented below reflects the minimum expected payments per the lease arrangement for the next twelve months. As a result of the new known payment schedule, the Company has discounted the expected cash payments under the remaining term of the lease at 5.4% per annum. At March 31, 2019, a lease finance charge was recorded of $106,203. The discounted carrying value of the lease will accrete back to income over the lease term.

The balance presented in the balance sheet is the present value of the amounts due under the lease arrangement. No amount has been allocated to residual value. Moreover, there are no other variable amounts involved in this lease arrangement.

Future lease payments forecasted in annual periods are as follows:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Testing equipment is under development and no amortization is being recorded until the asset is ready for use.

During the year ended March 31, 2018, the Company manufactured an ENVI-Marine scrubber unit for installation on a marine vessel. At September 30, 2017, the carrying value of the equipment being produced exceeded the estimated recoverable cash flows from the planned use of the equipment under a long-term lease arrangement. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment to the cost of the asset under construction of $287,631 at that time.

On May 17, 2013, the Company entered into an Assignment of Assets agreement with EnviroTechnologies, Inc. (“Enviro”), a non-related party, whereby the Company acquired various patents and technical information related to the manufacture of a wet scrubber for removing sulphur, other pollutants, and the particulate matter from diesel engine exhaust. The intangible assets were initially recorded at the estimated fair value of stock in a share exchange with Enviro, assumed obligations as well indebtedness forgiven. The patents and are being amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 17 years.

In prior years, the Company determined that indicators of the impairment existed on these intangible assets. Based on a detailed review of the Company’s operations, access to financing and complexities in the technologies, it was determined that management could not support the carrying value of these assets. Accordingly, the Company recorded impairment charges in prior years. No impairment charges were recorded or reversed in 2019 and 2018.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The Company has analyzed its sales contracts under ASC 606 and has identified performance conditions that are not directly correlated with contractual payment terms with customer. As a result of the timing differences between customer payments and satisfaction of performance conditions, contractual assets and contractual liabilities have been recognized.

Contracts are tailored to meet each customer’s unique requirements. However, the Company’s performance obligations can generally be identified as:

For the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized sales revenues in proportion to performance obligations as noted below:

Changes in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities for the year are noted as below:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

As at March 31, 2019, the Company is owed $349,858 (2018 - $nil) for loan advances made to a non-related party which is non-interest bearing, unsecured, and due on demand. At March 31, 2019, management determined that collection of the amounts was doubtful based on the financial condition of the party and provided an allowance for loan amount in full. Management is in discussions with the party to convert the loan balance into an equity position in the company in order to recover the loan value by accessing patents and intellectual property rights.

During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a non-cash warranty provision of $121,345 to pro-actively monitor, perform maintenance and improvements, and to assess the product performance and reliability under various conditions. Product warranty will be recorded at the time of sale and revised based on new information as system performance data becomes available.

In addition, the Company incurred warranty and related costs of $794,114 during the year that were a reduction to the lease receivable.

On November 10, 2015, the Company entered into a $110,000 convertible debenture with a non-related party, in exchange for $100,000, net of $10,000 for legal fees which was deferred and amortized over the term of the debenture. Under the terms of the debenture, the amount is unsecured, bears guaranteed interest at 10% and default interest at 20% per annum, and was due on November 10, 2016. The note remained unpaid and outstanding at maturity. The note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company equal to the lower of: (a) $0.40 or (b) 60% of the lowest trading price of the Company’s common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days prior to the date of conversion.

The Company analyzed the conversion option under ASC 815, and determined that the conversion feature should be classified as a liability and recorded at fair value due to there being no explicit limit to the number of shares to be delivered upon settlement of the conversion option. On February 22, 2017, the Company issued 50,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of $20,000 of this debenture. On September 19, 2017, the Company issued 100,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of $20,000 of this debenture. On October 4, 2017, the Company issued 320,000 shares of common stock for the conversion of $40,000 of this debenture. As at March 31, 2019, the carrying value of the debenture was $30,000 (2018 - $30,000) and the fair value of the derivative liability was $431,586 (2018 - $75,505).

Interest expense on the debenture for the year was recorded as $6,000 (2018 - $15,174)

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The Company records the fair value of the conversion feature of the convertible debenture disclosed in Note 10 in accordance with ASC 815. The fair value of the derivative liability was calculated using a binomial option pricing model. The fair value of the derivative liability is revalued on each balance sheet date with corresponding gains and losses recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a loss on the change in fair value of derivative liability of $356,081 (2018 – $105,175). As at March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a derivative liability of $431,586 (2018 - $75,505).

The following inputs and assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the conversion feature of the convertible debenture outstanding as at March 31, 2019, assuming no expected dividends:

A summary of the activity of the derivative liabilities is shown below:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Common stock issued during the year ended March 31, 2019:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Common stock issued during the year ended March 31, 2019 (continued):

Common stock issued during the year ended March 31, 2018:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Common stock issued during the year ended March 31, 2018 (continued):

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

As at March 31, 2019, the following share purchase warrants were outstanding:

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The following table summarizes the continuity of stock options:

Additional information regarding stock options outstanding as at March 31, 2019 is as follows:

Unless otherwise noted, the Company estimates the fair value of its stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, assuming no expected dividends or forfeitures.

During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company granted 3,065,000 stock options to officers, directors, employees, and consultants to the Company. The stock options are exercisable at prices from $1.70 per share to $0.01 per share for up to a three-year term. The stock options were recorded at their estimated fair value of $4,993,692 or $1.52 per option at the time of grant.

On July 17, 2018, the Company extended the life of 312,500 stock options previously granted to the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The expiry date of the stock options was extended from July 18, 2018 to April 30, 2019. The extension of the stock options did not result in any incremental compensation cost.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

On September 26, 2017, the Company granted 175,000 stock options to a company controlled by a director of the Company. The options are exercisable at $0.01 per share for a period of two years. These options were issued in exchange for management services previously accrued at $175,000 and have been recorded at their fair value of $78,164 as estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model assuming no expected dividends or forfeitures.

The following weighted average assumptions were used in the determination of fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model:

The fair value of stock options vested and recognized during the year ended March 31, 2019 was $4,993,692 (2018 - $78,164), which was recorded as additional paid-in capital and charged to operations.

The fair value of the Company’s share-based transactions are summarized as follows:

Shares issued to employees or consultants are recorded at their fair value. The fair value for share awards are determined by the quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the date approved for issuance by the Board.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The Company is located and operates in North America and its subsidiaries are primarily located and operating in Europe and Asia.

For the year ended March 31, 2019, 98% (2018 – 100%) of the Company’s revenues were derived from a single customer.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

The parties will fund the venture proportionately, 50.1% by the Company and 49.9% by the Supplier, and excess operating cash flows will be distributed on a quarterly basis.

The following table reconciles the income tax benefit at the statutory rates to income tax benefit at the Company’s effective tax rate.

PACIFIC GREEN TECHNOLOGIES INC.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Years Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

(Expressed in U.S. Dollars)

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2019 and 2018 are primarily comprised of the following:

On December 22, 2017, the US federal tax legislation commonly known as the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (TCJA) was signed into law. The TCJA makes major changes to the Internal Revenue Code, including reducing the US federal income corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. For net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, the TCJA limits a US corporate taxpayer’s ability to utilize net operating losses carryforwards to 80% of the taxpayer’s taxable income. In addition, net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely, with no carryback. Net operating losses generated in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018 are not be subject to the taxable income limitation and generally has a 20 year carryforward.

The Company has accumulated estimated net operating losses of approximately $39 million, which were incurred mainly in the United States of America, and which don’t begin to expire until 2033. 

As at March 31, 2019, the Company is in arrears on filing its statutory corporate income tax returns for certain entities and the amounts presented above are based on estimates. The actual losses available could differ from these estimates upon assessment and review by taxation authorities.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our president (our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our president (our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2019. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, and in light of the material weaknesses found in our internal controls over financial reporting, our president (our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our president (our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer), our company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019 using the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. In its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, our company determined that there were control deficiencies that constituted material weaknesses, as described below.

As a result of the material weaknesses described above, management has concluded that our company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019 based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with our evaluation we conducted of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2019, that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit our company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Continuing Remediation Efforts to address deficiencies in Company’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Once our company is engaged in a business of merit and has sufficient personnel available, then our board of directors, in particular and in connection with the aforementioned deficiencies, will establish the following remediation measures:

Item 9B. Other Information

On August 31, 2013, Neil Carmichael consented to and was appointed as president, treasurer and secretary of our company.

Effective October 1, 2013, Dr. Andrew Jolly was appointed as a director of our company.

Effective July 20, 2016, Alexander Shead was appointed as a director of our company.

Effective May 8, 2017, Scott Poulter was appointed as an executive director of our company.

Effective January 24, 2019, Iain Lees was appointed an executive director of our company.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The following individuals serve as the directors and executive officers of our company as of the date of this annual report. All directors of our company hold office until the next annual meeting of our shareholders or until their successors have been elected and qualified. The executive officers of our company are appointed by our board of directors and hold office until their death, resignation or removal from office.

Business Experience

The following is a brief account of the education and business experience during at least the past five years of our directors and executive officer, indicating their principal occupation during that period, and the name and principal business of the organization in which such occupation and employment were carried out.

Neil Carmichael – President, Treasurer, Secretary and Director

Dr. Neil Carmichael was appointed as a director of our company on December 18, 2012 and as our president, treasurer and secretary on August 31, 2013. Dr. Carmichael holds a Mathematics BSc from University of Edinburgh and a Mathematics PhD from University of Warwick. Dr. Carmichael has over 25 years’ energy sector management experience including international business development, strategy formulation and implementation and procurement accountabilities. From 1980-85 Dr. Carmichael worked in scientific and engineering consultancy, initially with Scicon (part of BP group) on non-linear optimization, then with Intercomp on mathematics for petroleum engineering and reservoir simulators. In 1985 he joined Shell in its reservoir engineering research unit. This was followed by positions in petroleum engineering, field development; followed by management roles in business development, personnel, information technology and procurement. This required working in a range of countries, from Peru to Bangladesh. In 2006 to 2010 he was chief executive officer of Shell Business Development Central Asia, based in Astana, Kazakhstan and responsible for Shell’s new business activities in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. Dr. Carmichael was also the Shell representative in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. Since 2010 he has been working on two upstream, exploration focused, startups, one in Ukraine and the other in Pakistan. Dr. Carmichael has most recently held the position of general manager and country representative in Central Asia with Shell Exploration and Production. Dr. Carmichael has a wide range of technical, country and management experiences; mostly focused on oil and gas, much of it applicable in other domains.

Alexander Shead – Director

Alexander Shead is a British, Australian and Swiss national. In 1993, Mr. Shead co-founded Stuart Alexander in the UK, an insurance advisory business which was sold to AXA UK. In 2004, he moved to Australia where he was a cornerstone investor and Director of Milne Alexander, a boutique insurance broking and advisory firm until its sale in 2007. Between 2007 and 2014, Mr. Shead was the Executive Chairman of the Mecon Winsure Insurance Group until its sale to Steadfast Group Limited in 2014.

In 2008, Mr. Shead founded Food Ladder International, an international NGO established to create financially sustainable social enterprises that empower disadvantaged individuals through employment. He remains a Director of Food Ladder International. In 2009, Mr. Shead became a director of First Unity Financial Group, a wealth management business that was sold in 2011. In 2012, he became and still remains as the Non-Executive Chairman of Lockton Companies Australia, the Australian arm of Lockton, the world’s largest privately owned, independent insurance brokerage firm.

Mr. Shead was educated at Harrow School in England and the Sorbonne University in Paris.

Andrew Jolly – Director

Dr. Andrew Jolly was appointed as a director of our company effective October 1, 2013. Dr. Jolly is a chartered engineer, an accredited carbon trust energy adviser since 2003, a member of the Energy Institute and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

Through a combination of in-house technology development and implementation experience with solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels, in addition to contracted consultancy on behalf of a wide ranging client base, Dr. Jolly has honed skills in project concept generation, feasibility assessment, planning issues, economic appraisal and financing, environmental impacts and making sense of current UK environmental legislation and regulation. Consequently, he is experienced in managing the many and varied elements needed for the operational and commercial success of a renewable energy generation scheme.

Notable case studies include Wales’ first dedicated 14.7 MWe wood-fired biomass combustion power plant, a 35 MWe waste wood biomass plant in Wales, two 1 MWe gasification Biomass plants and a 2 MWe AD biogas plant. Dr. Jolly has a rare ‘umbrella’ appreciation of the entire value chain for biomass energy projects, from forestry owner/manager right through to the supply of renewable electricity to the grid via power purchase agreements (PPA’s).

Dr. Jolly is the founder of Equis Energy Limited which specializes in creating, developing and delivering concepts for generating biomass and biomass power-only projects. He has focused on the use of biomass, organic waste and hydrogen; and thus has developed a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory and legislative factors which impact the technical and commercial specification and scale of projects.

A key part of Dr. Jolly’s expertise is in the assessing, accreditation and maintenance of renewable energy technologies in respect of schemes such as the renewables obligation, feed in tariffs, renewable heat incentive and combined heat and power quality assurance. These aspects of clean energy projects are crucial when the consequent benefits of such renewable energy generation schemes can comprise as much as two-thirds of the overall project income.

Dr. Jolly holds a Ph.D. in Energy Studies (1998), an MPhil in Energy Studies (1995) and a B.Eng (Hons) in Mechanical Engineering and Business Management (1993).

Scott Poulter - Director