PACIFICORP /OR/ - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)
UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X]
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
For the
fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
or
[ ]
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For
the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission
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Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter;
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IRS
Employer
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File
Number
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State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization
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Identification No.
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1-5152
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PACIFICORP
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93-0246090
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(An
Oregon Corporation)
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825
N.E. Multnomah Street
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Portland,
Oregon 97232
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503-813-5000
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Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each
Class
5%
Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
Serial
Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
No Par
Serial Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes T No o
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No T
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes T No o
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. T
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer o
|
Accelerated
filer o
|
Non-accelerated
filer T
|
Smaller
reporting company o
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No T
As of
January, 31, 2009, there were 357,060,915 shares of common stock
outstanding. All shares of outstanding common stock are indirectly owned by
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, 666 Grand Avenue, Des Moines,
Iowa.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
PART
I
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3
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29
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39
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39
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40
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40
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PART
II
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41
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41
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42
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67
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72
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116
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116
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116
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PART
III
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117
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118
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127
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128
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129
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PART
IV
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130
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131
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132
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i
Forward-Looking
Statements
This
report contains statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to
historical facts. These statements are “forward-looking statements” within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements can typically be identified by the use of
forward-looking words, such as “may,” “could,” “project,” “believe,”
“anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “intend,” “potential,” “plan,”
“forecast” and similar terms. These statements are based upon PacifiCorp’s
current intentions, assumptions, expectations and beliefs and are subject to
risks, uncertainties and other important factors. Many of these factors are
outside PacifiCorp’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially
from those expressed or implied by PacifiCorp’s forward-looking statements.
These factors include, among others:
|
·
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general
economic, political and business conditions in the jurisdictions in which
PacifiCorp operates;
|
|
·
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changes
in governmental, legislative or regulatory requirements affecting
PacifiCorp or the electric utility industry, including limits on the
ability of public utilities to recover income tax expense in rates, such
as Oregon Senate Bill 408
(“SB 408”);
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·
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changes
in, and compliance with, environmental laws, regulations, decisions and
policies, including those addressing climate change, that could increase
operating and capital improvement costs, reduce plant output and delay
plant construction;
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·
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the
outcome of general rate cases and other proceedings conducted by
regulatory commissions or other governmental and legal
bodies;
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·
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changes
in economic, industry or weather conditions, as well as demographic
trends, that could affect customer growth and usage or supply of
electricity;
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·
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a
high degree of variance between actual and forecasted load and prices that
could impact the hedging strategy and costs to balance electricity load
and supply;
|
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·
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hydroelectric
conditions, as well as the cost, feasibility and eventual outcome of
hydroelectric relicensing proceedings, that could have a significant
impact on electric capacity and cost and on PacifiCorp’s ability to
generate electricity;
|
|
·
|
changes
in prices and availability for both purchases and sales of wholesale
electricity, coal, natural gas, other fuel sources and fuel transportation
that could have a significant impact on generation capacity and energy
costs;
|
|
·
|
the
financial condition and creditworthiness of PacifiCorp’s significant
customers and suppliers;
|
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·
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changes
in business strategy or development
plans;
|
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·
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availability,
terms and deployment of capital, including severe reductions in demand for
investment-grade commercial paper, debt securities and other sources of
debt financing and volatility in the London Interbank Offered Rate
(“LIBOR”), the base interest rate for PacifiCorp’s credit
facilities;
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·
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changes
in PacifiCorp’s credit ratings;
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·
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performance
of PacifiCorp’s generating facilities, including unscheduled outages or
repairs;
|
|
·
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the
impact of derivative instruments used to mitigate or manage volume, price
and interest rate risk, including increased cash collateral requirements,
changes in the commodity prices, interest rates and other conditions that
affect the value of the
derivatives;
|
|
·
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the
impact of increases in health care costs and changes in interest rates,
mortality, morbidity, investment performance and legislation on pension
and other postretirement benefits expense and funding
requirements;
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|
·
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unanticipated
construction delays, changes in costs, receipt of required permits and
authorizations, ability to fund capital projects and other factors that
could affect future generating facilities and infrastructure
additions;
|
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·
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the
impact of new accounting pronouncements or changes in current accounting
estimates and assumptions on financial
results;
|
1
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·
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other
risks or unforeseen events, including litigation and wars, the effects of
terrorism, embargos and other catastrophic events;
and
|
|
·
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other
business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to
time in PacifiCorp’s filings with the United States Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) or in other publicly disseminated
written documents.
|
Further
details of the potential risks and uncertainties affecting PacifiCorp are
described in its filings with the SEC, including Item 1A and other
discussions contained in this Form 10-K. PacifiCorp undertakes no
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether
as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing review
of factors should not be construed as exclusive.
2
PART I
General
PacifiCorp,
which includes PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries, is a United States regulated
electric company serving 1.7 million retail customers, including
residential, commercial, industrial and other customers in portions of the
states of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp
owns, or has interests in, 74 thermal, hydroelectric, wind-powered and
geothermal generating facilities, with a net owned capacity of
10,188 megawatts (“MW”). PacifiCorp also owns, or has interests in,
electric transmission and distribution assets, and transmits electricity through
approximately 15,800 miles of transmission lines. PacifiCorp also buys and
sells electricity on the wholesale market with public and private utilities,
energy marketing companies and incorporated municipalities as a result of excess
electricity generation or other system balancing activities. PacifiCorp is
subject to comprehensive state and federal regulation. PacifiCorp’s subsidiaries
support its electric utility operations by providing coal-mining facilities and
services and environmental remediation services. PacifiCorp is a consolidated
subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (“MEHC”), a holding company
based in Des Moines, Iowa, owning subsidiaries that are principally engaged in
energy businesses. MEHC is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
(“Berkshire Hathaway”). MEHC controls substantially all of PacifiCorp’s voting
securities, which include both common and preferred stock.
Berkshire
Hathaway Equity Commitment
On
March 1, 2006, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway entered into an Equity
Commitment Agreement (the “Berkshire Equity Commitment”) pursuant to which
Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase up to $3.5 billion of MEHC’s
common equity upon any requests authorized from time to time by MEHC’s Board of
Directors. The proceeds of any such equity contribution shall only be used by
MEHC for the purpose of (i) paying when due MEHC’s debt obligations and
(ii) funding the general corporate purposes and capital requirements of
MEHC’s regulated subsidiaries, including PacifiCorp. Berkshire Hathaway will
have up to 180 days to fund any such request in increments of at least
$250 million pursuant to one or more drawings authorized by MEHC’s Board of
Directors. The funding of each drawing will be made by means of a cash equity
contribution to MEHC in exchange for additional shares of MEHC’s common stock.
PacifiCorp has no right to make or to cause MEHC to make any equity contribution
requests. The Berkshire Equity Commitment expires on February 28,
2011.
Operations
PacifiCorp
delivers electricity to customers in Utah, Wyoming and Idaho under the trade
name Rocky Mountain Power and to customers in Oregon, Washington and California
under the trade name Pacific Power. PacifiCorp’s electric generation, commercial
and energy trading, and coal-mining functions are operated under the trade name
PacifiCorp Energy. As a vertically integrated electric utility, PacifiCorp owns
or has contracts for fuel sources, such as coal and natural gas, and uses these
fuel sources, as well as wind, geothermal and water resources, to generate
electricity at its generating facilities. This electricity, together with
electricity purchased on the wholesale market, is then transmitted via a grid of
transmission lines throughout PacifiCorp’s six-state service area and the
Western United States. The electricity is then transformed to lower voltages and
delivered to customers through PacifiCorp’s distribution system.
PacifiCorp’s
primary goal is to provide safe, reliable electricity to its customers at a
reasonable cost. In return, PacifiCorp expects that all prudently incurred costs
to provide such service will be included as allowable costs for state ratemaking
purposes, and PacifiCorp will be allowed an opportunity to earn a reasonable
return on its investments.
3
PacifiCorp
has historically experienced growth in retail loads. However, beginning in the
fourth quarter of 2008, certain customer usage levels began to decline due to
the effects of current economic conditions in the United States and around the
world. This declining usage trend may continue in 2009. PacifiCorp seeks to
manage growth in its customer demand through the construction and purchase of
new cost-effective, environmentally prudent and efficient sources of power
supply and through demand response and energy efficiency programs. During 2008,
PacifiCorp added the 520-MW Chehalis natural gas-fired generating plant and
placed in service 382 MW of wind-powered generating facilities to help meet its
retail load growth and replace expiring wholesale supply contracts. PacifiCorp
continues to pursue other cost-effective wind-powered generating
facilities.
As part
of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project discussed further at
“Transmission and Distribution” below, PacifiCorp has an investment plan to
build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines at
an estimated cost exceeding $6.1 billion. This plan includes projects that will
address customer load growth, improve system reliability and deliver energy from
new wind-powered and other renewable generating resources throughout
PacifiCorp’s six-state service area and the Western United States.
The
above-mentioned generation and transmission system expansions will also
facilitate meeting the commitments made to state regulatory commissions as a
result of MEHC’s acquisition of PacifiCorp.
Employees
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp, together with its subsidiaries, had
6,596 employees, 61% of which were covered by union contracts, principally
with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the Utility Workers
Union of America, the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers and the United
Mine Workers of America.
Fiscal
Year-End Change
In
May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors elected to change PacifiCorp’s
fiscal year-end from March 31 to December 31. As a result, the
Consolidated Statements of Operations include the audited nine-month transition
period ended December 31, 2006.
Service
Territories
PacifiCorp
serves 1.7 million retail customers in service territories aggregating
approximately 136,000 square miles in portions of six western states: Utah,
Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. The combined service
territory’s diverse regional economy ranges from rural, agricultural and mining
areas to urban, manufacturing and government service centers. No single segment
of the economy dominates the service territory, which helps mitigate
PacifiCorp’s exposure to economic fluctuations. In the eastern portion of the
service territory, mainly consisting of Utah, Wyoming and southeast Idaho, the
principal industries are manufacturing, health services, recreation, agriculture
and mining or extraction of natural resources. In the western portion of the
service territory, mainly consisting of Oregon, southeastern Washington and
northern California, the principal industries are agriculture and manufacturing,
with forest products, food processing, technology and primary metals being the
largest industrial sectors.
4
The
following map highlights PacifiCorp’s retail service territory, generating
facility locations and PacifiCorp’s primary transmission lines as of
December 31, 2008. PacifiCorp’s generating facilities are interconnected
through PacifiCorp’s own transmission lines or by contract through transmission
lines owned by others.
(a)
|
Access
to other entities’ transmission lines through wheeling
arrangements.
|
5
The
percentages of electricity sold to retail customers by jurisdiction were as
follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Utah
|
42 | % | 42 | % | 41 | % | ||||||
Oregon
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26 | 26 | 26 | |||||||||
Wyoming
|
17 | 16 | 16 | |||||||||
Washington
|
7 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||
Idaho
|
6 | 6 | 7 | |||||||||
California
|
2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
PacifiCorp
receives authorization from state public utility commissions to serve areas
within each state. This authorization is perpetual until withdrawn. In addition,
PacifiCorp has received franchises that permit it to provide electric service to
customers inside incorporated areas within the states. The average term of these
franchises is approximately 30 years, although their terms range from five
years to indefinite. PacifiCorp must renew franchises as they expire.
Governmental agencies have the right to challenge PacifiCorp’s right to serve in
a specific area and can condemn PacifiCorp’s property under certain
circumstances. However, PacifiCorp vigorously challenges attempts from
individuals and governmental agencies to undertake forced takeover of portions
of its service territory.
Customers
Electricity
sold to retail customers and the average number of retail customers, by class of
customer, were as follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Gigawatt
hours (“GWh”) sold:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential
|
16,222 | 24 | % | 15,975 | 24 | % | 11,158 | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||
Commercial
|
16,055 | 24 | 15,951 | 24 | 11,713 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Industrial
|
21,495 | 32 | 20,892 | 31 | 15,719 | 32 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
590 | 1 | 572 | 1 | 439 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
retail
|
54,362 | 81 | 53,390 | 80 | 39,029 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||
Wholesale
|
12,345 | 19 | 13,724 | 20 | 10,284 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
GWh sold
|
66,707 | 100 | % | 67,114 | 100 | % | 49,313 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Average number of retail customers (in thousands):
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential
|
1,458 | 86 | % | 1,441 | 86 | % | 1,415 | 86 | % | |||||||||||||||
Commercial
|
210 | 12 | 205 | 12 | 200 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Industrial
|
34 | 2 | 34 | 2 | 34 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
4 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
1,706 | 100 | % | 1,684 | 100 | % | 1,653 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Retail
customers:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average
usage per customer (kilowatt hours)
|
31,863 | 31,712 | 23,607 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average
revenue per customer
|
$ | 2,021 | $ | 1,931 | $ | 1,358 | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
per kilowatt hour
|
6.3 | ¢ | 6.1 | ¢ | 5.8 | ¢ |
6
PacifiCorp
experienced growth in retail sales volumes in its service territories during the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. However, for 2009, PacifiCorp
expects the recent recessionary economic conditions may reduce its retail sales
volumes in the states of Utah, Oregon, Washington and California. Growth is
expected to continue in Wyoming and Idaho. Retail sales volumes depend on
factors such as economic conditions, including the timing of recovery from the
current economic recession, population growth, consumer trends, voluntary and
mandated conservation efforts, weather, and technology and price
changes.
Seasonality
Peak
customer demand is typically highest in the summer across PacifiCorp’s service
territory when air conditioning and irrigation systems are heavily used. The
service area also has a winter peak, which is typically lower than the summer
peak, and primarily is due to heating requirements in the western portion of its
service territory.
For
residential customers, within a given year, weather conditions are the dominant
cause of usage variations from normal seasonal patterns. Strong Utah residential
growth and increased installation and use of central air conditioning systems
have contributed to increased summer peak load growth over the past few years.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s peak load was
9,501 MW in the summer and 9,176 MW in the winter. Peak load
represents the highest load on a given day and at a given hour.
Retail
Competition
During
the year ended December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp continued to operate its
retail business under state regulation, which generally prohibits retail
competition. However, under a 1999 Oregon law, certain PacifiCorp commercial and
industrial customers in Oregon have the right to choose alternative electricity
service suppliers. As a result of this law, a group of customers having a total
load of approximately 12 average MW have chosen service from suppliers
other than PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp does not expect this competitive program to
have a material effect on its financial results during the year ending
December 31, 2009.
In
addition to Oregon’s program permitting limited retail competition, others in
PacifiCorp’s service territories are seeking to have a choice of suppliers,
exploring options to build their own generation or co-generation facilities, or
considering the use of alternative energy sources, such as natural gas. If these
customers gain the right to receive electricity from alternative suppliers, they
will make their energy purchasing decisions based upon many factors, including
price, service and system reliability. The use of alternative energy sources is
typically based on availability, price and the general demand for
electricity.
7
Power
and Fuel Supply
Overview
The
following table shows the percentage of PacifiCorp’s total energy supplied by
energy source:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Period
Ended
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Coal
|
65 | % | 64 | % | 62 | % | ||||||
Natural
gas
|
12 | 11 | 7 | |||||||||
Hydroelectric
|
5 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
Other
|
2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Total
energy generated
|
84 | 81 | 76 | |||||||||
Energy
purchased–long-term contracts
|
5 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||
Energy
purchased–short-term contracts and other
|
11 | 14 | 17 | |||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The
percentage of PacifiCorp’s energy requirements generated by energy source varies
from year to year and is subject to numerous operational and economic factors
such as planned and unplanned outages, fuel availability, price and
transportation costs, weather-related impacts, environmental considerations and
the market price of electricity. When factors for one source of generation are
unfavorable, PacifiCorp may place more reliance on the other sources of
generation. For example, the amount of electricity PacifiCorp is able to
generate from its hydroelectric facilities depends on a number of factors,
including snow-pack in the mountains upstream of its hydroelectric facilities,
reservoir storage, precipitation in its watersheds, generating unit availability
and restrictions imposed by oversight bodies due to competing water management
objectives. When these factors are favorable, PacifiCorp can generate more
electricity using its low cost hydroelectric facilities. When these factors are
unfavorable, PacifiCorp must increase its reliance on more expensive coal and
natural gas-fired facilities and purchased electricity.
In
determining whether to dispatch its natural gas-fired generating facilities,
PacifiCorp considers, among other things, its operational requirements to
balance electricity supply and demand and the current spark spread. Spark spread
is the difference between the wholesale market price of electricity at any given
hour and the cost to convert the fuel to electricity for the generating
facility.
8
The
following presents certain information concerning PacifiCorp’s generating
facilities as of December 31, 2008:
Location
|
Energy
Source
|
Installed
|
Facility
Net Capacity
(MW) (1)
|
Net
MW Owned (1)
|
||||||
COAL:
|
||||||||||
Jim
Bridger (2)
|
Rock
Springs, WY
|
Coal
|
1974-1979
|
2,120
|
1,414
|
|||||
Hunter
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 (2)
|
Castle
Dale, UT
|
Coal
|
1978-1983
|
1,320
|
1,122
|
|||||
Huntington
|
Huntington,
UT
|
Coal
|
1974-1977
|
895
|
895
|
|||||
Dave
Johnston
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Coal
|
1959-1972
|
762
|
762
|
|||||
Naughton
|
Kemmerer,
WY
|
Coal
|
1963-1971
|
700
|
700
|
|||||
Cholla
No. 4
|
Joseph
City, AZ
|
Coal
|
1981
|
380
|
380
|
|||||
Wyodak (2)
|
Gillette,
WY
|
Coal
|
1978
|
335
|
268
|
|||||
Carbon
|
Castle
Gate, UT
|
Coal
|
1954-1957
|
172
|
172
|
|||||
Craig
Nos. 1 and 2 (2)
|
Craig,
CO
|
Coal
|
1979-1980
|
856
|
165
|
|||||
Colstrip
Nos. 3 and 4 (2)
|
Colstrip,
MT
|
Coal
|
1984-1986
|
1,480
|
148
|
|||||
Hayden
Nos. 1 and 2 (2)
|
Hayden,
CO
|
Coal
|
1965-1976
|
446
|
78
|
|||||
9,466
|
6,104
|
|||||||||
NATURAL
GAS:
|
||||||||||
Lake
Side
|
Vineyard,
UT
|
Natural gas/Steam
|
2007
|
548
|
548
|
|||||
Currant
Creek
|
Mona,
UT
|
Natural gas/Steam
|
2005-2006
|
540
|
540
|
|||||
Chehalis(3)
|
Chehalis,
WA
|
Natural
gas/Steam
|
2003
|
520
|
520
|
|||||
Hermiston(2)
|
Hermiston,
OR
|
Natural gas/Steam
|
1996
|
474
|
237
|
|||||
Gadsby
Steam
|
Salt
Lake City, UT
|
Natural
gas
|
1951-1952
|
235
|
235
|
|||||
Gadsby
Peakers
|
Salt
Lake City, UT
|
Natural
gas
|
2002
|
120
|
120
|
|||||
Little
Mountain
|
Ogden,
UT
|
Natural
gas
|
1972
|
14
|
14
|
|||||
2,451
|
2,214
|
|||||||||
HYDROELECTRIC: (4)(6)
|
||||||||||
Lewis
River System (7)
|
WA
|
Hydroelectric
|
1931-1958
|
578
|
578
|
|||||
North
Umpqua River System (8)
|
OR
|
Hydroelectric
|
1950-1956
|
200
|
200
|
|||||
Klamath
River System (9)
|
CA,
OR
|
Hydroelectric
|
1903-1962
|
170
|
170
|
|||||
Bear
River System (10)
|
ID,
UT
|
Hydroelectric
|
1908-1984
|
105
|
105
|
|||||
Rogue
River System (11)
|
OR
|
Hydroelectric
|
1912-1957
|
52
|
52
|
|||||
Minor
hydroelectric facilities
|
Various
|
Hydroelectric
|
1895-1986
|
53
|
53
|
|||||
1,158
|
1,158
|
|||||||||
WIND: (6)
|
||||||||||
Marengo
|
Dayton,
WA
|
Wind
|
2007
|
140
|
140
|
|||||
Leaning
Juniper 1
|
Arlington,
OR
|
Wind
|
2006
|
101
|
101
|
|||||
Glenrock
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
99
|
99
|
|||||
Seven
Mile Hill
|
Medicine
Bow, WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
99
|
99
|
|||||
Goodnoe
Hills
|
Goldendale,
WA
|
Wind
|
2008
|
94
|
94
|
|||||
Marengo
II
|
Dayton,
WA
|
Wind
|
2008
|
70
|
70
|
|||||
Foote
Creek (2)
|
Arlington,
WY
|
Wind
|
1997
|
41
|
33
|
|||||
Seven
Mile Hill II
|
Medicine
Bow, WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
20
|
20
|
|||||
664
|
656
|
|||||||||
OTHER: (6)
|
||||||||||
Blundell
|
Milford,
UT
|
Geothermal
|
1984,
2007
|
34
|
34
|
|||||
Camas
Co-Gen
|
Camas,
WA
|
Black
liquor
|
1996
|
22
|
22
|
|||||
56
|
56
|
|||||||||
Total
available generating capacity
|
13,795
|
10,188
|
||||||||
PROJECTS
UNDER CONSTRUCTION/DEVELOPMENT: (5)
|
||||||||||
High
Plains
|
McFadden,
WY
|
Wind
|
2009
|
99
|
99
|
|||||
Rolling
Hills
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Wind
|
2009
|
99
|
99
|
|||||
Glenrock
III
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Wind
|
2009
|
39
|
39
|
|||||
237
|
237
|
9
(1)
|
Facility
net capacity (MW) represents the total capability of a generating unit as
demonstrated by actual operating or test experience, less power generated
and used for auxiliaries and other station uses, and is determined using
average annual temperatures. Net MW owned indicates current legal
ownership. For wind-powered generating facilities, nameplate ratings are
used in place of facility net capacity. A generator’s nameplate rating is
its full-load capability (in MW) under normal operating conditions as
defined by the manufacturer.
|
(2)
|
For
joint ownership percentage, refer to Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
|
(3)
|
PacifiCorp
acquired the 520-MW natural gas-fired generating plant located in
Chehalis, Washington, in September 2008.
|
(4)
|
For
information regarding the relicensing and decommissioning of certain of
PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generating facilities, refer to “Hydroelectric
Relicensing” and “Hydroelectric Decommissioning” below.
|
(5)
|
The
99-MW Rolling Hills and 39-MW Glenrock III wind-powered generating
facilities were placed in service during January 2009. The 99-MW High
Plains wind-powered generating facility is expected to be complete by the
end of 2009.
|
(6)
|
All
or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from
these generating facilities may be: (i) used in future years to comply
with state or federal renewable portfolio standards (“RPS”) or other
regulatory requirements or (ii) sold to third parties in the form of
renewable energy credits or other environmental
commodities.
|
(7)
|
The
license for this facility is valid through
May 2058.
|
(8)
|
The
license for this facility is valid through
October 2038.
|
(9)
|
The
license for this facility was valid through February 2006 and it
currently operates on annual licenses. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for an
update regarding hydroelectric relicensing for the Klamath River
system.
|
(10)
|
The
license is valid through March 2024 for Cutler and through
November 2033 for the Grace, Oneida and Soda hydroelectric generating
facilities.
|
(11)
|
The
license is valid through December 2018 for Prospect No. 3 and through
March 2038 for the Prospect Nos. 1, 2 and 4 hydroelectric generating
facilities.
|
Coal
Coal-fired
generating facilities account for 60% of PacifiCorp’s total net owned generating
capacity. Recoverable coal reserves as of December 31, 2008, based on
PacifiCorp’s most recent engineering studies, were as follows
(in millions):
Location
|
Plant Served
|
Mining Method
|
Recoverable Tons
|
|||||
Craig, CO
|
Craig
|
Surface
|
47 | (1) | ||||
Huntington & Castle Dale, UT
|
Huntington and Hunter
|
Underground
|
35 | (2) | ||||
Rock Springs, WY
|
Jim Bridger
|
Surface
|
84 | (3) | ||||
Rock Springs, WY
|
Jim Bridger
|
Underground
|
53 | (3) | ||||
219 |
(1)
|
These
coal reserves are leased and mined by Trapper Mining, Inc., a Delaware
non-stock corporation operated on a cooperative basis, in which PacifiCorp
has an ownership interest of 21%.
|
(2)
|
These
coal reserves are leased by PacifiCorp and mined by a wholly owned
subsidiary of PacifiCorp.
|
(3)
|
These
coal reserves are leased and mined by Bridger Coal Company, a joint
venture between Pacific Minerals, Inc. (“PMI”) and a subsidiary
of Idaho Power Company. PMI, a wholly owned subsidiary of PacifiCorp, has
a two-thirds interest in the joint venture. The amount included above
represents only PacifiCorp’s two-thirds interest in the coal
reserves.
|
These
mines supplied 31% of PacifiCorp’s total coal requirements during each of the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006. The remaining coal requirements are acquired through
long- and short-term third-party contracts. PacifiCorp’s mines are located
adjacent to many of its coal-fired generating facilities, which significantly
reduces overall transportation costs included in fuel expense.
10
Coal
reserve estimates are subject to adjustment as a result of the development of
additional engineering and geological data, new mining technology and changes in
regulation and economic factors affecting the utilization of such reserves.
PacifiCorp believes that the coal reserves available to the Craig, Huntington,
Hunter and Jim Bridger coal-fired generating facilities, together with coal
available under both long- and short-term contracts with external suppliers to
supply its remaining generating facilities, will be substantially sufficient to
provide these facilities with fuel for their currently expected useful lives. To
meet applicable standards, PacifiCorp blends coal mined at its owned mines with
contracted coal and utilizes emission reduction technologies for controlling
sulfur dioxide and other emissions.
During
the year ended December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp-owned generating facilities
held sufficient sulfur dioxide emission allowances to comply with the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) Title IV
requirements. The sulfur content of the coal reserves generally ranges from
0.30% to 1.3%, and the British thermal units value per pound of
PacifiCorp’s coal reserves ranges from 8,600 to 12,400.
Recoverability
by surface mining methods typically ranges from 90% to 95%. Recoverability by
underground mining techniques ranges from 50% to 70%. Most of PacifiCorp’s coal
reserves are held pursuant to leases from the federal government through the
Bureau of Land Management and from certain states and private parties. The
leases generally have multi-year terms that may be renewed or extended only with
the consent of the lessor and require payment of rents and royalties. In
addition, federal and state regulations require that comprehensive environmental
protection and reclamation standards be met during the course of mining
operations and upon completion of mining activities.
Natural Gas
PacifiCorp’s
natural gas-fired generating facilities account for 22% of PacifiCorp’s
total net owned generating capacity. PacifiCorp uses natural gas as fuel for its
combined- and simple-cycle natural gas-fired generating facilities. Oil and
natural gas are also used for igniter fuel and to fuel generation for
transmission support and standby purposes. PacifiCorp has developed a natural
gas procurement strategy that addresses the need to economically hedge the
estimated commodity risk (physical availability and price), transportation risk
and storage risk associated with its forecasted natural gas
requirements.
PacifiCorp
manages its natural gas supply requirements by entering into forward commitments
for physical delivery of natural gas. PacifiCorp also manages its exposure to
increases in natural gas supply costs through forward commitments for the
purchase of forecasted physical natural gas requirements at fixed prices and
financial swap contracts that settle in cash based on the difference between a
fixed price that PacifiCorp pays and a floating market-based price that
PacifiCorp receives. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had economically
hedged 64% of its forecasted physical exposure and 94% of its forecasted
financial exposure for 2009. For 2010, PacifiCorp currently has hedged
48% of its forecasted physical exposure and 85% of its forecasted financial
exposure.
Hydroelectric
Hydroelectric
generating facilities account for 11% of PacifiCorp’s total net owned generating
capacity. PacifiCorp operates the majority of its hydroelectric generating
portfolio under long-term licenses from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(the “FERC”) with terms of 30 to 50 years. Hydroelectric relicensing and
the related environmental compliance requirements and litigation are subject to
uncertainties. PacifiCorp expects that future costs relating to these matters
will be significant and consist primarily of additional relicensing costs and
capital expenditures. If licenses are not issued, significant decommissioning
costs may be incurred. Electricity generation reductions may also result from
additional environmental requirements. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
PacifiCorp had $57 million and $89 million, respectively, in costs for
ongoing hydroelectric relicensing included in construction work-in-progress
within property, plant and equipment, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
For a further discussion of PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric relicensing and
decommissioning activities, refer to “Hydroelectric Relicensing” and
“Hydroelectric Decommissioning” below.
11
Wind
and Other Renewable Resources
PacifiCorp
is pursuing renewable resources as viable, economic and environmentally prudent
means of generating electricity, achieving emission reduction targets and for
compliance with RPS. The benefits of energy from renewable resources include low
to no emissions and typically little or no fossil fuel requirements. PacifiCorp
may from time to time purchase or sell some of the environmental attributes,
such as renewable energy credits or other environmental commodities from its
renewable generating facilities, or from comparable third party renewable
resources, to meet current or future RPS or other regulatory requirements or for
other purposes. The intermittent nature of some renewable resources, such as
wind, is complemented by PacifiCorp’s other generating resources, such as
coal-fired, natural gas-fired and hydroelectric generation. These complementary
generating resources, as well as wind-powered generating resource curtailment
capabilities, are important to integrating intermittent wind-powered generating
resources into the electric system. PacifiCorp has qualifying wind-powered
generating facilities that are eligible for federal renewable electricity
production tax credits (“PTCs”) for 10 years from the date that the facilities
were placed in service. In February 2009, legislation was passed extending
the date by which such facilities must be placed in service to be eligible for
PTCs to December 31, 2012.
Wholesale
Sales and Purchased Electricity
In
addition to its portfolio of generating facilities, PacifiCorp purchases
electricity in the wholesale markets to meet its retail load and long-term
wholesale sales obligations for system balancing requirements and to enhance the
efficient use of its generating capacity over the long-term. Generation can vary
with the levels of outages, hydroelectric and wind-powered generating
conditions, operational factors and transmission constraints. Retail load can
vary with the weather, distribution system outages, consumer trends and the
level of economic activity. In addition, PacifiCorp purchases electricity in the
wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating it at its own
facilities. PacifiCorp may also sell into the wholesale market excess
electricity arising from imbalances between generation and retail load
obligations, subject to pricing and transmission constraints. Many of
PacifiCorp’s purchased electricity contracts have fixed-price components, which
provide some protection against price volatility.
Historically,
PacifiCorp has been able to purchase electricity from utilities in the Western
United States for its own requirements. Delivery of these purchases is conducted
through PacifiCorp and third-party transmission systems, which connect with
market hubs in the Pacific Northwest to provide access to normally low-cost
hydroelectric and wind-powered generation, and in the Southwestern United States
to provide access to normally higher-cost fossil-fuel generation. The
transmission system is available for common use consistent with open-access
regulatory requirements.
Future
Generation and Conservation
Integrated
Resource Plan
As
required by certain state regulations, PacifiCorp uses an Integrated Resource
Plan (“IRP”) to develop a long-term view of prudent future actions required to
help ensure that PacifiCorp continues to provide reliable and cost-effective
electric service to its customers. The IRP process identifies the amount and
timing of PacifiCorp’s expected future resource needs and an associated optimal
future resource mix that accounts for planning uncertainty, risks, reliability
impacts and other factors. The IRP is a coordinated effort with stakeholders in
each of the six states where PacifiCorp operates. PacifiCorp files its IRP on a
biennial basis.
In
May 2007, PacifiCorp released its 2007 IRP, which identified a need
for approximately 3,171 MW of additional resources by summer 2016 to
satisfy the difference between projected retail load obligations and owned or
contracted resources. PacifiCorp plans to meet this need through demand response
and energy efficiency programs; the construction or purchase of additional
generation, including cost-effective renewable energy, combined heat and power,
and thermal generation; and wholesale electricity transactions to make up for
the remaining difference between retail load obligations and owned or contracted
resources.
12
In June
and August 2008, PacifiCorp submitted to the state regulatory commissions a
2007 IRP update report reflecting revised planning assumptions. The need
for additional resources by 2016 was essentially unchanged at 3,202 MW.
Relative to the initial 2007 IRP, the planned resources to meet this need
include a heavier reliance on energy efficiency measures. This need was reduced
by 509 MW due to the September 2008 acquisition of the Chehalis plant.
PacifiCorp’s 2008 IRP is scheduled to be filed in Spring 2009, which
will take into account recent declines in load and growth
expectations.
Requests
for Proposals
PacifiCorp
has issued a series of separate requests for proposals (“RFPs”), each of which
focuses on a specific category of resources consistent with the IRP. The IRP and
the RFPs provide for the identification and staged procurement of resources in
future years to achieve load/resource balance. As required by applicable laws
and regulations, PacifiCorp files draft RFPs with the Utah Public Service
Commission (the “UPSC”), the Oregon Public Utility Commission
(the “OPUC”) and the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission
(the “WUTC”) prior to issuance to the market.
In
February 2007, PacifiCorp filed a modified 2012 RFP (the “2012 RFP”)
in Utah for up to 1,700 MW of additional resources to become available
beginning in 2012 through 2014. The 2012 RFP was approved by the UPSC and issued
to the market in April 2007. In June 2007, proposals from qualifying
bidders were received by commission-directed independent evaluators. These bids
included various structures, ranging from purchase or lease of coal, natural gas
and geothermal generating facilities to power purchase agreements. Due to lack
of cost effective bids, the 2012 RFP did not result in any new
resources.
In
January 2008, PacifiCorp issued to the market a renewable resources RFP for
resources less than 100 MW, or greater than 100 MW for a power
purchase agreement with a term of less than five years, to become available no
later than December 2009. In September 2008, PacifiCorp executed a
power purchase agreement to purchase the entire output of the proposed 99-MW
Three Buttes wind-powered generating plant located in Wyoming. The generation of
the energy and associated renewable energy credits under this agreement are
expected to commence in December 2009 and continue for a period of
20 years.
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed an all-source 2008 RFP (the
“2008 RFP”) with the UPSC and the OPUC for base load, intermediate or third
quarter summer peaking products to be delivered into PacifiCorp’s system. The
2008 RFP seeks up to 2,000 MW of resources to become available
beginning in 2012 through 2016. The 2008 RFP was approved by the OPUC and
the UPSC and subsequently issued to the market in October 2008. Proposals
were received from the market in December 2008. The proposals were
evaluated and resulted in no cost effective proposals. As a result, the
2008 RFP was suspended and is expected to be reissued during
2009.
In
April 2008, PacifiCorp filed its draft 2008R-1 renewable resources RFP (the
“2008R-1 RFP”) with the OPUC. The 2008R-1 RFP is a 500 MW request
for renewable generation projects, with no single resource greater than
300 MW and on-line dates no later than December 31, 2011. The
2008R-1 RFP was approved by the OPUC in September 2008. Single
renewable resource requests under 300 MW do not require approval from the
UPSC. The 2008R-1 RFP was issued to the market in October 2008. Proposals
were received from the market in December 2008 followed by an amendment
issued in January 2009 to include new and updated proposals that are due in
February 2009.
In
addition to new generation resources, substantial transmission investments will
be required to deliver energy to PacifiCorp’s growing customer base and to
enhance system reliability. Refer to “Transmission and Distribution”
below.
13
Demand-side
Management
PacifiCorp
has provided a comprehensive set of demand-side management programs to its
customers since the 1970s. The programs are designed to reduce energy
consumption and more effectively manage when energy is used, including
management of seasonal peak loads. Current programs offer services to customers
such as energy engineering audits and information on how to improve the
efficiency of their homes and businesses. To assist customers in investing in
energy efficiency, PacifiCorp offers rebates or incentives encouraging the
purchase and installation of high-efficiency equipment such as lighting, heating
and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors, process equipment and systems, as
well as incentives for efficient construction. Incentives are also paid to
solicit participation in load management programs by residential, business and
agricultural customers through programs such as PacifiCorp’s residential and
small commercial air conditioner load control program and irrigation equipment
load control programs. Subject to random prudence reviews, state regulations
allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for retail customer
demand-side management programs and services through state-specific energy
efficiency service charges paid by all retail electric customers. In addition to
these retail customer demand-side management programs, PacifiCorp has load
curtailment contracts with a number of large industrial customers that deliver
up to 342 MW of load reduction when needed. Recovery for the costs
associated with the large industrial load management program is determined
through PacifiCorp’s general rate case process. In 2008, $77 million was expended on
the demand-side management programs in PacifiCorp’s six-state service area,
resulting in an estimated 395,000 megawatt hours (“MWh”) of first-year
energy savings and 338 MW of peak load management. Total demand-side load
available for control in 2008, including both load management from the large
industrial curtailment contracts and retail customer demand-side management
programs, was approximately 680 MW.
Transmission
and Distribution
PacifiCorp
operates one balancing authority area in the western portion of its service
territory, and one balancing authority area in the eastern portion of its
service territory. A balancing authority area is a geographic area with electric
systems that control generation to maintain schedules with other balancing
authority areas and ensure reliable operations. In operating the balancing
authority areas, PacifiCorp is responsible for continuously balancing electric
supply and demand by dispatching generating resources and interchange
transactions so that generation internal to the balancing authority area, plus
net imported power, matches customer loads. PacifiCorp also schedules deliveries
of energy over its transmission system in accordance with FERC
requirements.
Electric
transmission systems deliver energy from electric generators to distribution
systems for final delivery to customers. During the year ended December 31,
2008, PacifiCorp delivered 66,707 GWh, net of line losses, of electricity
to retail and wholesale customers in its two balancing authority
areas.
PacifiCorp’s
transmission system is part of the Western Interconnection, the regional grid in
the West. The Western Interconnection includes the interconnected transmission
systems of 14 western states, two Canadian provinces and parts of Mexico
that make up the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (the “WECC”). The
map under “Service Territories” above shows PacifiCorp’s primary transmission
system.
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp owned, or participated in, an electric
transmission system consisting of approximately:
Nominal Voltage
|
||||
(In kilovolts)
|
||||
Transmission Lines
|
Miles
|
|||
500
|
700
|
|||
345
|
2,000
|
|||
230
|
3,400
|
|||
161
|
400
|
|||
138
|
2,100
|
|||
46
to 115
|
7,200
|
|||
15,800
|
14
PacifiCorp’s
electric transmission and distribution system included approximately
900 substations at December 31, 2008. PacifiCorp’s transmission
system, together with contractual rights on other transmission systems, enables
PacifiCorp to integrate and access generating resources to meet its customer
load requirements.
PacifiCorp
has an investment plan, the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project, to
build approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines
primarily in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Oregon and the desert Southwest. The plan,
with an estimated cost exceeding $6.1 billion, includes projects that will
address customer load growth, improve system reliability and deliver energy from
new wind-powered and other renewable generating resources throughout
PacifiCorp’s six-state service area and the Western United States. Certain
transmission segments associated with this plan are expected to be placed in
service beginning 2010, with other segments placed in service through 2018,
depending on siting, permitting and construction schedules. Refer to “Federal
Regulation” below for further discussion.
Substantially
all of PacifiCorp’s generating facilities and reservoirs are managed on a
coordinated basis to obtain maximum load-carrying capability and efficiency.
Portions of PacifiCorp’s transmission and distribution systems are
located:
|
·
|
On
property owned or leased by
PacifiCorp;
|
|
·
|
Under
or over streets, alleys, highways and other public places, the public
domain and national forests and state lands under franchises, easements or
other rights that are generally subject to
termination;
|
|
·
|
Under
or over private property as a result of easements obtained primarily from
the record holder of title; or
|
|
·
|
Under
or over Native American reservations under grant of easement by the United
States Secretary of Interior or lease by Native American
tribes.
|
It is
possible that some of the easements, and the property over which the easements
were granted, may have title defects or may be subject to mortgages or liens
existing at the time the easements were acquired.
PacifiCorp’s
wholesale transmission services are regulated by the FERC under cost-based
regulation subject to PacifiCorp’s Open Access Transmission Tariff (“OATT”). In
accordance with OATT, PacifiCorp offers several transmission services to
wholesale customers:
|
·
|
Network
transmission service (guaranteed service that integrates generating
resources to serve retail loads);
|
|
·
|
Long-
and short-term firm point-to-point transmission service (guaranteed
service with fixed delivery and receipt points);
and
|
|
·
|
Non-firm
point-to-point service (“as available” service with fixed delivery and
receipt points).
|
These
services are offered on a non-discriminatory basis, which means that all
potential customers are provided an equal opportunity to access the transmission
system. PacifiCorp’s transmission business is managed and operated independently
from its energy marketing business, in accordance with the FERC Standards of
Conduct.
For
retail customers, transmission costs are not separated from, but rather are
“bundled” with, generation and distribution costs in rates approved by state
regulatory commissions. Refer to “State Regulation” and “Federal Regulation”
below for further information.
15
General
Regulation
PacifiCorp
is subject to comprehensive governmental regulation that significantly
influences its operating environment, prices charged to customers, capital
structure, costs and its ability to recover costs.
State
Regulation
Historically,
state utility commissions have established service rates on a cost-of-service
basis, which is designed to allow a utility an opportunity to recover its costs
of providing services and to earn a reasonable return on its investment. A
utility’s cost of service generally reflects its allowed operating expenses,
including operation and maintenance expense, depreciation expense and taxes.
Some portion of margins earned on wholesale activities for electricity and
capacity has historically been included to reduce the retail cost of service
upon which retail rates are based. State utility commissions may adjust rates
pursuant to a review of (i) a utility’s revenues and expenses during a defined
test period and (ii) the utility’s level of investment. State utility
commissions typically have the authority to review and change rates on their own
initiative. States may initiate reviews at the request of a utility customer, a
governmental agency or a representative of a group of customers. The utility and
such parties, however, may agree with one another not to request a review of or
changes to rates for a specified period of time.
The
electric rates of PacifiCorp are generally based on the cost of providing
traditional bundled service, including generation, transmission and distribution
services. Historically, the state regulatory framework in PacifiCorp’s service
territory reflects specified power and fuel costs as part of bundled rates or
incorporated power or fuel adjustment clauses in the utility’s rates and
tariffs. In states where PacifiCorp has power and fuel adjustment clauses,
PacifiCorp is permitted periodic adjustments to recover such costs from
customers, which provide protection against exposure to power and fuel cost
changes.
Except
for Oregon and Washington, PacifiCorp has an exclusive right to serve
electricity customers within its service territories and, in turn, has the
obligation to provide electric service to those customers. Under Oregon law,
PacifiCorp has the exclusive right and obligation to provide electric
distribution services to all customers within its allocated service territory;
however, nonresidential customers have the right to choose alternative
electricity service suppliers. The impact of these programs on PacifiCorp’s
financial results has not been material. In Washington, state law does not
provide for exclusive service territory allocation. PacifiCorp’s service
territory in Washington is surrounded by other public utilities with whom
PacifiCorp has from time to time entered into service area agreements under the
jurisdiction of the WUTC. Some of PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generating
facilities are licensed under the Oregon Hydroelectric Act.
16
The
following table illustrates PacifiCorp’s recovery mechanisms in each state
jurisdiction in which PacifiCorp operates. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital
Resources” in Item 7 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding
current rate filings.
State
Regulator
|
Base
Rate Test Period
|
Adjustment
Mechanism
(1)
|
||
Utah
Public Service Commission
|
Forecasted
or historical with known and measurable changes (2)
|
No
separate recovery mechanisms.
|
||
Oregon
Public Utility Commission
|
Forecasted
|
Annual
transition adjustment mechanism (“TAM”), a mechanism for annual rate
adjustments for forecasted net variable power costs; no true-up to actual
net variable power costs.
|
||
Renewable
adjustment clause (“RAC”) to recover the revenue requirement of new
renewable resources and associated transmission that are not reflected in
general rates.
|
||||
Annual
SB 408 true-up of taxes authorized to be collected in rates compared to
taxes paid by PacifiCorp, as defined by Oregon statute and administrative
rules.
|
||||
Wyoming
Public Service Commission (the “WPSC”)
|
Forecasted
or historical with known and measurable changes (2)
|
Power
cost adjustment mechanism (“PCAM”) based on forecasted net power costs,
later trued-up to actual net power costs. Subject to dead bands and
customer sharing.
|
||
Washington
Utilities and Transportation Commission
|
Historical
with known and measurable changes
|
Deferral
mechanism of costs for up to 24 months of new base load generation
resources that qualify under the state’s emissions performance standard
and are not reflected in general rates.
|
||
Idaho
Public Utilities Commission (the “IPUC”)
|
Historical
|
PacifiCorp
has requested approval of an energy cost adjustment mechanism (“ECAM”) to
recover the difference between base power costs set during a general rate
case and actual power costs. The application is currently pending before
the Commission.
|
||
California
Public Utilities Commission (the “CPUC”)
|
Forecasted
|
Post
test-year adjustment mechanism for major capital additions (“PTAM –
capital additions”), a mechanism that allows for rate adjustments outside
of the context of a traditional rate case for the revenue requirement
associated with capital additions exceeding $50 million on a
total-company basis. Filed as eligible capital additions are placed into
service.
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Post
test-year adjustment mechanism for attrition (“PTAM – attrition”), a
mechanism that allows for an annual adjustment to costs other than net
variable power costs tied to the Consumer Price Index minus a 0.5%
productivity offset.
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Energy
cost adjustment clause (“ECAC”) that allows for an annual update to actual
and forecasted net variable power
costs.
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(1)
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Margins
earned on wholesale sales for energy and capacity have historically been
included as a component of retail cost of service upon which retail rates
are based.
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(2)
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PacifiCorp
has relied on both historical test periods with known and measurable
adjustments and forecasted test periods. The WPSC has never issued a final
ruling on its preference between a historical or forecasted test
period.
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17
State
Regulatory Actions
PacifiCorp
pursues a regulatory program in all states, with the objective of keeping rates
closely aligned to ongoing costs. Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in
Item 7 of this Form 10-K for a state-by-state update.
Federal
Regulation
The FERC
is an independent agency with broad authority to implement provisions of the
Federal Power Act and the Energy Policy Act and other federal statutes. The FERC
regulates rates for interstate sales of electricity at wholesale, transmission
of electric power, including pricing and expansion of the transmission system;
utility holding companies; accounting; securities issuances; and other matters,
including construction and operation of hydroelectric projects, and has the
enforcement authority to assess civil penalties of up to $1 million per day
per violation of rules, regulations and orders issued under the Federal Power
Act. PacifiCorp has implemented programs to be fully compliant with the FERC
regulations described below, including having instituted compliance monitoring
procedures.
Wholesale
Electricity and Capacity
The FERC
regulates PacifiCorp’s rates charged to wholesale customers for electricity,
capacity and transmission services. Most of PacifiCorp’s electric wholesale
sales and purchases take place under market-based rate pricing allowed by the
FERC and are therefore subject to market volatility.
The FERC
conducts a triennial review of PacifiCorp’s market-based rate pricing authority
in accordance with the filing schedule established by the FERC in Order
No. 697. Each utility must demonstrate the lack of generation market power
in order to charge market-based rates for sales of wholesale electricity and
capacity in their respective balancing authority areas. PacifiCorp’s next
triennial filing is due in June 2010. Under the FERC’s market-based rules,
PacifiCorp must also file a notice of change in status upon the ownership or
control of an additional 100 MW of incremental generation. Following the
filing by PacifiCorp of a change in status notice relating to new generation,
the FERC in November 2007 confirmed that PacifiCorp does not have market power
and may continue to charge market-based rates. In October 2008, PacifiCorp filed
a change in status notice, which is pending, related to its acquisition of the
520-MW Chehalis natural gas-fired generating facility and the expected
commercial operation of several new PacifiCorp wind-powered generating
facilities. Although PacifiCorp submitted studies to support a FERC conclusion
consistent with its precedent that PacifiCorp continues to lack generation
market power in all relevant markets, it is possible that the FERC could require
PacifiCorp to adopt mitigation measures for a specific market.
Transmission
The FERC
regulates PacifiCorp’s wholesale transmission service. PacifiCorp is required to
provide open access transmission service at cost-based rates. The FERC also
regulates unbundled transmission service to retail customers. These services are
offered on a non-discriminatory basis, meaning that all potential customers are
provided an equal opportunity to access the transmission system. PacifiCorp’s
transmission business is managed and operated independently from its wholesale
marketing business in accordance with the FERC Standards of
Conduct.
Transmission
Investment
In
July 2008, PacifiCorp filed a petition for declaratory order with the FERC
to confirm incentive rate treatment for the Energy Gateway Transmission
Expansion Project described in “Transmission and Distribution” above. In
October 2008, the FERC granted a 200-basis-point (two-percentage-point)
incentive rate adder to PacifiCorp’s base return on equity for seven of the
eight project segments subject to a future Section 205 rate case filing with the
FERC. The FERC did not preclude PacifiCorp from filing for incentive rate
treatment for the remaining segment at a future date.
18
FERC
Orders No. 890 and 890-A and 890-B
In
February 2007, the FERC adopted a final rule in Order No. 890 designed
to strengthen the pro forma OATT by providing greater specificity and increasing
transparency. The most significant revisions to the pro forma OATT relate to the
development of more consistent methodologies for calculating available transfer
capability, changes to the transmission planning process, changes to the pricing
of certain generator and energy imbalances to encourage efficient scheduling
behavior and changes regarding long-term point-to-point transmission service,
including the addition of conditional firm long-term point-to-point transmission
service and generation re-dispatch. As a transmission provider with an OATT on
file with the FERC, PacifiCorp is required to comply with the requirements of
the new rule. PacifiCorp made its first compliance filing amending its OATT in
July 2007. Subsequent to this filing, PacifiCorp was required to make
additional compliance filings to revise its initial filing, all of which were
accepted by the FERC through various orders issued in 2007 and
2008.
In
December 2007, the FERC issued Order No. 890-A generally affirming the
provisions of the final rule as adopted in Order No. 890 with certain
limited clarifications and requiring an additional compliance filing by
transmission providers. In March 2008, PacifiCorp submitted its Order
No. 890-A compliance filing, which was accepted by the FERC in
November 2008. In June 2008, the FERC issued Order No. 890-B,
which generally affirmed the provisions of the final rule as adopted in Order
No. 890 and Order No. 890-A with certain additional limited
clarifications, and which required an additional compliance filing. PacifiCorp
filed its Order No. 890-B compliance filing in September 2008, which
consisted of non-substantive grammatical revisions to its OATT and which was
accepted by the FERC in December 2008. In addition to these filings,
PacifiCorp filed other Order No. 890 related compliance filings, including
a December 2007 filing proposing changes to its local, regional and
sub-regional transmission planning process contained in its OATT. This filing,
which is still pending before the FERC, is not anticipated to have a significant
impact on PacifiCorp’s financial results, but it could have a significant impact
on its transmission planning functions.
FERC
Reliability Standards
The FERC
has approved 88 reliability standards developed by North American Electric
Reliability Corporation (the “NERC”) and 8 regional variations
developed by the WECC. Responsibility for compliance and enforcement of these
standards has been given to the WECC. The 88 standards comprise over
600 requirements and sub-requirements with which PacifiCorp must comply.
PacifiCorp expects that these standards will change as a result of
modifications, guidance and clarification following industry implementation and
ongoing audits and enforcement. In January 2008, the FERC approved
eight additional cyber security and critical infrastructure protection standards
proposed by the NERC. The additional standards became mandatory and
enforceable in April 2008. PacifiCorp cannot predict the effect that these
standards will have on its consolidated financial results; however, they will
likely require increased expenditures for cyber security and other systems for
PacifiCorp’s critical assets and may have a significant impact on transmission
operations and resource planning functions. During 2007, the WECC audited
PacifiCorp’s compliance with several of the approved reliability standards. In
April 2008, PacifiCorp received a notice of a preliminary non-public
investigation from the FERC and the NERC to determine whether an outage
that occurred in PacifiCorp’s transmission system in February 2008 involved
any violations of reliability standards. In November 2008, PacifiCorp
received preliminary findings from the FERC staff regarding its non-public
investigation into the February 2008 outage. In November 2008, in
conjunction with the reliability standard review, the FERC took over processing
certain aspects of the WECC’s 2007 audit. PacifiCorp is analyzing the
preliminary results of the audit and the preliminary results of the non-public
investigation, and at this time, cannot predict the impact of the audit or
the non-public investigation, if any, on its consolidated financial
results.
19
Hydroelectric
Relicensing
PacifiCorp’s
Klamath hydroelectric system is the remaining hydroelectric generating facility
actively engaged in the relicensing process with the FERC. PacifiCorp also has
requested the FERC to allow decommissioning of certain hydroelectric systems.
Most of PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generating facilities are licensed by the
FERC as major systems under the Federal Power Act, and certain of these systems
are licensed under the Oregon Hydroelectric Act. Refer to Note 13 of
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for
an update regarding hydroelectric relicensing for PacifiCorp’s Klamath, Lewis
River and Prospect hydroelectric systems.
Hydroelectric
Decommissioning
Powerdale Hydroelectric
Facility – Hood River, Oregon
In
June 2003, PacifiCorp entered into a settlement agreement to remove the
6-MW Powerdale plant rather than pursue a new license, based on an analysis of
the costs and benefits of relicensing versus decommissioning. Removal of the
Powerdale dam and associated system features, which is subject to the FERC and
other regulatory approvals, is projected to cost $6 million, excluding
inflation. Plant shut down and removal was scheduled to commence in 2010.
However, in November 2006, flooding damaged the Powerdale plant and
rendered its generating capabilities inoperable. In February 2007, the FERC
granted PacifiCorp’s request to cease generation at the plant; however, removal
is still scheduled for 2010. Also in February 2007, PacifiCorp submitted a
request to the FERC to allow PacifiCorp to defer the remaining net book value
and any additional removal costs of this system as a regulatory asset. In
May 2007, the FERC issued an order that approved PacifiCorp’s proposed
accounting entries, thereby allowing PacifiCorp to reclassify the net book value
and the estimated removal costs to a regulatory asset. PacifiCorp has received
approval from its state regulatory commissions to defer and recover these
costs.
Condit Hydroelectric
Facility – White Salmon River, Washington
In
September 1999, a settlement agreement to remove the 14-MW Condit
hydroelectric facility was signed by PacifiCorp, state and federal agencies and
non-governmental organizations. Under the original settlement agreement, removal
was expected to begin in October 2006, with a total cost to decommission
not to exceed $17 million, excluding inflation. In early
February 2005, the parties agreed to modify the settlement agreement so
that removal would not begin until October 2008, with a total cost to
decommission not to exceed $21 million, excluding inflation. The settlement
agreement is contingent upon receiving a FERC surrender order and other
regulatory approvals that are not materially inconsistent with the amended
settlement agreement. PacifiCorp is in the process of acquiring all necessary
permits within the terms and conditions of the amended settlement agreement.
Given the ongoing permitting process and the time needed for system removal and
to evaluate impacts on natural resources, decommissioning is now expected to
begin in October 2010. In March 2008, the United States Army Corps of
Engineers requested PacifiCorp complete an additional study of expected
decommissioning impacts on aquatic resources. The study work is complete and
results have been provided to the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the
Washington Department of Ecology. Absent further information requests, the
Washington Department of Ecology is expected to complete the Clean Water Act 401
certification process within the first quarter of 2009. Remaining permitting
includes a 404 permit from the United States Army Corps of Engineers and a
surrender order from the FERC.
20
The
Bonneville Power Administration Residential Exchange Program
The
Northwest Power Act, through the Residential Exchange Program, provides access
to the benefits of low-cost federal hydroelectricity to the residential and
small-farm customers of the region’s investor-owned utilities. The program is
administered by the Bonneville Power Administration (the “BPA”) in
accordance with federal law. Pursuant to agreements between the BPA and
PacifiCorp, benefits from the BPA are passed through to PacifiCorp’s Oregon,
Washington and Idaho residential and small-farm customers in the form of
electricity bill credits.
Several
publicly owned utilities, cooperatives and the BPA’s direct-service industry
customers filed lawsuits against the BPA with the United States Court of Appeals
for the Ninth Circuit (the “Ninth Circuit”) seeking review of certain
aspects of the BPA’s Residential Exchange Program, as well as challenging the
level of benefits previously paid to investor-owned utility customers. In
May 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued two decisions that resulted in the
BPA suspending payments to the Pacific Northwest’s six investor-owned utilities,
including PacifiCorp. This resulted in increases to PacifiCorp’s residential and
small-farm customers’ electric bills in Oregon, Washington and
Idaho.
In
February 2008, the BPA initiated a rate proceeding under the Northwest
Power Act to reconsider the level of benefits for the years 2002 through 2006
consistent with the Ninth Circuit’s decisions, as well as to re-establish the
level of benefits for years 2007 and 2008 and to set the level of benefits for
years 2009 and beyond. The BPA issued its final records of decision in
September 2008 establishing rates for the time period of October 2008
through September 2009 and adopting a residential purchase and sale
agreement for October 2008 through September 2011. In September 2008,
the OPUC approved PacifiCorp’s request to execute the residential purchase and
sale agreement for the payment of Residential Exchange Program benefits from the
BPA. In October 2008, the OPUC and WUTC approved PacifiCorp’s filing of
revised tariff sheets to resume residential exchange credits, effective
November 1, 2008. Because these credits are passed through to PacifiCorp’s
customers, they do not significantly affect PacifiCorp’s consolidated financial
results.
In
October 2008, the BPA offered PacifiCorp a long-term residential purchase
and sale agreement for October 2011 through September 2028. In December
2008, the OPUC denied PacifiCorp’s request to execute the residential purchase
and sale agreement for these years. Also in December 2008, PacifiCorp filed
two petitions with the Ninth Circuit for review of the BPA’s final records of
decision. Because these credits are passed through to PacifiCorp’s customers,
they do not significantly affect PacifiCorp’s consolidated financial
results.
Northwest
Refund Case
For a
discussion of the Northwest Refund case, refer to Note 13 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
United
States Mine Safety
PacifiCorp’s
mining operations are regulated by the federal Mine Safety and Health
Administration (“MSHA”), which administers federal mine safety and health laws,
regulations and state regulatory agencies. The Mine Improvement and New
Emergency Response Act of 2006 (“MINER Act”), enacted in
June 2006, amended previous mine safety and health laws to improve mine
safety and health and accident preparedness. PacifiCorp is required to develop a
written emergency response plan specific to each underground mine it operates.
These plans must be reviewed by MSHA every six months. It also requires
every mine to have at least two rescue teams located within one hour, and
it limits the legal liability of rescue team members and the companies that
employ them. The MINER Act also increases civil and criminal penalties for
violations of federal mine safety standards and gives MSHA the ability to
institute a civil action for relief, including a temporary or permanent
injunction, restraining order or other appropriate order against a mine operator
who fails to pay the penalties or fines.
21
Environmental
Regulation
PacifiCorp
is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations with regard to air
and water quality, RPS, climate change, hazardous and solid waste disposal and
other environmental matters and is subject to zoning and other regulation by
local authorities. These laws and regulations are subject to a range of
interpretation which may ultimately be resolved by the courts. In addition to
imposing continuing compliance obligations, these laws and regulations authorize
the imposition of substantial penalties for noncompliance including fines,
injunctive relief and other sanctions. PacifiCorp believes it is in material
compliance with all laws and regulations. The most significant environmental
laws and regulations affecting PacifiCorp include:
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·
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The
federal Clean Air Act, as well as state laws and regulations impacting air
emissions, including State Implementation Plans (“SIP”) related to
existing and new national ambient air quality standards. Rules issued by
the EPA and certain states require substantial reductions in sulfur
dioxide (“SO2”)
and nitrogen oxide (“NOx”)
emissions beginning in 2009 and extending through 2018. PacifiCorp has
already installed certain emission control technology and is taking other
measures to comply with required reductions. Refer to “Clean Air
Standards” section below for additional discussion regarding this
topic.
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The
federal Water Pollution Control Act (“Clean Water Act”) and individual
state clean water laws regulate cooling water intake structures and
discharges of wastewater, including storm water runoff. PacifiCorp
believes that it currently has, or has initiated the process to receive,
all required water quality permits. Refer to “Water Quality Standards”
section below for additional discussion regarding this
topic.
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The
federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act and similar state laws, which may require any current or former owners
or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of
hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental
remediation costs. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional
information regarding environmental
contingencies.
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The
federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar
state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards
that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities. Refer to
Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8
of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding PacifiCorp’s
reclamation obligations.
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The
FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric systems and is
also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new
construction of hydroelectric systems, dam safety inspections and
environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional
information regarding the relicensing of certain of PacifiCorp’s existing
hydroelectric generating
facilities.
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Refer to
“Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Form 10-K for
additional information regarding planned capital expenditures related to
environmental regulation.
Clean
Air Standards
The Clean
Air Act provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation’s air
quality, and controlling mobile and stationary sources of air emissions. The
major Clean Air Act programs, which most directly affect PacifiCorp’s electric
generating facilities, are briefly described below. Many of these programs are
implemented and administered by the states, which can impose additional, more
stringent requirements.
22
National
Ambient Air Quality Standards
The EPA
implements national ambient air quality standards for ozone and fine particulate
matter, as well as for other criteria pollutants that set the minimum level of
air quality for the United States. Areas that achieve the standards, as
determined by ambient air quality monitoring, are characterized as being in
attainment, while those that fail to meet the standards are designated as being
nonattainment areas. Generally, sources of emissions in a nonattainment area are
required to make emissions reductions. A new, more stringent standard for fine
particulate matter became effective in December 2006. This standard was
appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”). On February 24, 2009, the D.C. Circuit ruled that
the EPA had failed to adequately explain why the annual fine particulate matter
standard set at 15 micrograms per cubic meter was sufficiently protective of
public health and remanded the rule for further review of the standard. The
existing rule will remain in place until the EPA takes further action. Air
quality modeling and preliminary air quality monitoring data indicate the
counties in Washington, Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Arizona
where PacifiCorp’s major emission sources are located are in attainment of the
current ambient air quality standards.
In
March 2008, the EPA issued final rules to strengthen the national ambient
air quality standard for ground level ozone, lowering the standard to
0.075 parts per million from 0.08 parts per million. States have until
March 2009 to characterize their attainment status, and the EPA’s
determinations regarding non-attainment will be made by March 2010 with
SIPs due in 2013. Until the EPA makes its final attainment designations, the
impact of any new standards on PacifiCorp will not be known.
Regulated
Air Pollutants
In 2005,
the EPA promulgated the Clean Air Mercury Rule (“CAMR”) which would have
regulated mercury emissions from coal-fired generating facilities through the
use of a cap-and-trade system beginning in 2010, with reductions of
approximately 70% when fully implemented in 2018. The CAMR was overturned by the
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in
February 2008. The EPA petitioned the United States Supreme Court for
review of the lower court’s decision in October 2008. On February 6, 2009,
the EPA withdrew its petition for review before the United States Supreme Court
and on February 23, 2009, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition. The EPA
has indicated it plans to propose a new mercury rule that will require
coal-fired generating facilities to utilize Maximum Achievable Control
Technology, rather than a cap-and-trade mechanism, to reduce mercury emissions.
As a result, PacifiCorp’s coal-fired generating facilities may be required to
install controls to reduce mercury emissions at each of its facilities rather
than making cost-effective mercury emission reductions through a combination of
controls and allowances. Depending on the scope and timing of these reduction
requirements, as well as the availability and effectiveness of controls, the new
rules could impose additional costs on PacifiCorp for control of mercury
emissions above the costs anticipated under the CAMR.
The
emissions reductions could be made more stringent by current or future
regulatory and legislative proposals at the federal or state levels that would
result in significant reductions of SO2, NOX and
mercury, as well as carbon dioxide and other gases that may affect global
climate change.
23
Regional
Haze
The EPA
has initiated a regional haze program intended to improve visibility at specific
federally protected areas. Some of PacifiCorp’s generating facilities meet the
threshold applicability criteria under the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In
accordance with the federal requirements, states were required to submit SIPs by
December 2007 to demonstrate reasonable progress toward achieving natural
visibility conditions in certain Class I areas by requiring emission
controls, known as best available retrofit technology, on sources with emissions
that are anticipated to cause or contribute to impairment of visibility. Wyoming
has not yet submitted its SIP and is continuing to review the planned emission
reductions at PacifiCorp’s Wyoming generating facilities. Utah submitted its SIP
and suggested that the emission reduction projects planned by PacifiCorp are
sufficient to meet its initial emission reduction requirements. In
January 2009, the EPA made a finding that 37 states, including Wyoming, had
failed to file a SIP that met some or all of the basic program requirements
under the regional haze program. As a result, Wyoming has two years from
January 2009 to file and obtain EPA approval of a SIP that meets all of the
regional haze program requirements or the state will be subject to a federal
implementation plan, with the EPA administering the regional haze program.
PacifiCorp believes that its planned emission reduction projects will satisfy
the regional haze requirements in Utah and Wyoming; however, it is possible that
some additional controls may be required once the respective SIPs have been
submitted or that the timing of the installation of planned controls could be
changed.
New
Source Review
Under
existing New Source Review (“NSR”) provisions of the Clean Air Act, any facility
that emits regulated pollutants is required to obtain a permit from the EPA or a
state regulatory agency prior to (i) beginning construction of a new major
stationary source of an NSR-regulated pollutant, or (ii) making a physical
or operational change to an existing stationary source of such pollutants that
increases certain levels of emissions, unless the changes are exempt under the
regulations (including routine maintenance, repair and replacement of
equipment). In general, projects subject to NSR regulations are subject to
pre-construction review and permitting under the Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (“PSD”) provisions of the Clean Air Act. Under the PSD program, a
project that emits threshold levels of regulated pollutants must undergo a “best
available control technology” analysis and evaluate the most effective emissions
controls. These controls must be installed in order to receive a permit.
Violations of NSR regulations, which may be alleged by the EPA, states and
environmental groups, among others, potentially subject a utility to material
fines and other sanctions and remedies, including requiring installation of
enhanced pollution controls and funding supplemental environmental
projects.
As part
of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD
provisions, the EPA has requested from numerous utilities information and
supporting documentation regarding their capital projects for various generating
facilities. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp responded to requests for
information relating to its capital projects at its generating facilities and
has been engaged in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years
regarding PacifiCorp’s historical projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD
provisions. An NSR enforcement case against another utility has been decided by
the United States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in annual emissions of
a generating facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or
operational change), may trigger NSR permitting. PacifiCorp cannot predict the
outcome of its discussions with the EPA at this time; however, PacifiCorp could
be required to install additional emissions controls, and incur additional costs
and penalties, in the event it is determined that PacifiCorp’s historical
projects did not meet all regulatory requirements.
24
Numerous
changes have been proposed to the NSR rules and regulations over the last
several years. These changes, withdrawals of proposed changes, differing
interpretations by the EPA and the courts, and the recent change in
administration, create risk and uncertainty for regulated entities in complying
with NSR requirements when permitting new projects and installing emission
controls at existing facilities. PacifiCorp monitors these changes and
interpretations to ensure permitting activities are conducted in accordance with
the applicable requirements.
Renewable
Portfolio Standards
The RPS
described below could significantly impact PacifiCorp’s financial results.
Resources that meet the qualifying electricity requirements under the RPS vary
from state-to-state. Each state’s RPS requires some form of compliance reporting
and PacifiCorp can be subject to penalties in the event of
non-compliance.
In
November 2006, Washington voters approved a ballot initiative establishing
a RPS requirement for qualifying electric utilities, including PacifiCorp. The
requirements are that 3% of retail sales by January 2012 through 2015, 9%
of retail sales by January 2016 through 2019 and 15% of retail sales by
January 2020 be supplied by qualified renewable resources. The WUTC has
adopted final rules to implement the initiative. PacifiCorp expects to be able
to recover its costs of complying with the RPS, either through rate cases or an
adjustment mechanism.
In
June 2007, the Oregon Renewable Energy Act (the “OREA”) was adopted,
providing a comprehensive renewable energy policy for Oregon. Subject to certain
exemptions and cost limitations established in the OREA, PacifiCorp and other
qualifying electric utilities must meet minimum qualifying electricity
requirements for electricity sold to retail customers of at least 5% in 2011
through 2014, 15% in 2015 through 2019, 20% in 2020 through 2024 and 25% in 2025
and subsequent years. As required by the OREA, the OPUC has approved an
automatic adjustment clause to allow an electric utility, including PacifiCorp,
to recover prudently incurred costs of its investments in renewable energy
generating facilities and associated transmission costs. The OPUC and the Oregon
Department of Energy have undertaken additional rulemaking proceedings to
further implement the initiative. PacifiCorp expects to be able to recover its
costs of complying with the RPS through the automatic adjustment
mechanism.
California
law requires electric utilities to increase their procurement of renewable
resources by at least 1% of their annual retail electricity sales per year so
that 20% of their annual electricity sales are procured from renewable resources
by no later than December 31, 2010. In May 2008, PacifiCorp and other
small multi-jurisdictional utilities (“SMJU”) received further guidance from the
CPUC on the treatment of SMJUs in the California RPS program. In
August 2008, concurrent with its annual RPS compliance filing, PacifiCorp,
joined by another SMJU, filed a Joint Motion for Review of the decision,
including banking of RPS procurement made while it awaited further guidance from
the CPUC on the treatment of SMJUs during the 2004-2006 period. PacifiCorp noted
among other things on this filing that its interpretation is consistent with the
CPUC guidance and best serves the interests of its customers by recognizing
past, good faith efforts to comply with California’s RPS program beginning
January 2004. PacifiCorp is currently awaiting the CPUC’s response to the
Joint Motion for Review. Absent further direction from the CPUC on treatment of
SMJUs, PacifiCorp cannot predict the impact of the California RPS on its
financial results.
In
March 2008, Utah’s governor signed Utah Senate Bill 202, Energy Resource and Carbon Emission
Reduction Initiative. Among other things, this law provides that,
beginning in the year 2025, 20% of adjusted retail electric sales of all Utah
utilities be supplied by renewable energy, if it is cost effective. Retail
electric sales will be adjusted by deducting the amount of generation from
sources that produce zero or reduced carbon emissions, and for sales avoided as
a result of energy efficiency and demand-side management programs. Qualifying
renewable energy sources can be located anywhere in the WECC areas and renewable
energy credits can be used. PacifiCorp expects to be able to recover its costs
of complying with the law, either through rate cases or adjustment
mechanisms.
25
Climate
Change
As a
result of increased attention to global climate change in the United States,
there are significant future environmental regulations under consideration to
increase the deployment of clean energy technologies and regulate emissions of
greenhouse gas at the state, regional and federal levels. Congress and federal
policy makers are considering climate change legislation and a variety of
national climate change policies. President Obama has expressed support for an
economy-wide greenhouse gas cap-and-trade program that would reduce emissions
80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Alternatively, or in conjunction with a cap,
policy makers have discussed the possibility of imposing a tax on greenhouse gas
emissions. Given the strong interest and support in reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, PacifiCorp’s electric generating facilities are likely to be subject
to regulation of greenhouse gas emissions within the next several
years.
In
addition, nongovernmental organizations have become more active in initiating
citizen suits under existing environmental and other laws and the EPA issued an
advanced notice of proposed rulemaking in 2008 to consider issues associated
with regulating greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act. The United
States Supreme Court has ruled that the EPA has the authority under the Clean
Air Act to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles and that
the EPA must make a determination relating to the danger posed by greenhouse gas
emissions. Furthermore, pending cases that address the potential public nuisance
from greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generators and the EPA’s failure
to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from new and existing coal-fired generating
facilities are expected to become active. While debate continues at the national
level over the direction of domestic climate policy, several states have
developed state-specific laws or regional legislative initiatives to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions that are expected to impact PacifiCorp,
including:
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The
Western Regional Climate Action Initiative (“Western Climate Initiative”),
a comprehensive regional effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 15%
below 2005 levels by 2020 through a cap-and-trade program that includes
the electricity sector. The Western Climate Initiative includes the states
of Arizona, California, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah and Washington
and the provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec. The
state and provincial partners have agreed to begin reporting greenhouse
gas emissions in 2011 for emissions that occur in 2010. The first phase of
the cap-and-trade program will begin in
January 2012.
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An
executive order signed by California’s governor in June 2005 would
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in that state to 2000 levels by 2010, to
1990 levels by 2020 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. In addition,
California has adopted legislation that imposes a greenhouse gas emission
performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or
delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the greenhouse gas
emission levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas-fired
generating facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide
cap on greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by
2020.
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The
Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and
August 2007, respectively, establishing economy-wide goals for the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in their respective states.
Washington’s goals seek to (i) by 2020, reduce emissions to
1990 levels; (ii) by 2035, reduce emissions to 25% below
1990 levels; and (iii) by 2050, reduce emissions to 50% below
1990 levels, or 70% below Washington’s forecasted emissions in 2050.
Oregon’s goals seek to (i) by 2010, cease the growth of Oregon
greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) by 2020, reduce greenhouse gas levels
to 10% below 1990 levels; and (iii) by 2050, reduce greenhouse
gas levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels. Each state’s
legislation also calls for state government-developed policy
recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement
of these goals. The impact of the enacted legislation on PacifiCorp cannot
be determined at this time.
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In
addition to pending legislative proposals to regulate greenhouse gas emissions,
in July 2008, the EPA issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking
presenting information relevant to, and soliciting public comment on, how to
respond to the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, in
which the United States Supreme Court ruled that the Clean Air Act authorizes
regulation of greenhouses gases because they meet the definition of an air
pollutant under the Clean Air Act, given the potential ramifications of a
decision to regulate such emissions under the existing Clean Air Act
framework.
26
PacifiCorp
is currently subject to specific greenhouse gas-related requirements, including
mandatory greenhouse gas reporting requirements in California, Washington and
Oregon. California, Washington and Oregon also require the consideration of
greenhouse gas emissions in new resource decisions through the establishment of
greenhouse gas emissions performance standards and the requirement for
mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in conjunction with the addition of new
emitting resources.
PacifiCorp
believes in implementing public policy to address climate change in a manner
that informs all constituents of cost ramifications and attempts to minimize
such costs. PacifiCorp believes that research and development must be undertaken
on a large scale and in a coordinated manner to obtain technologies that reduce
carbon emissions while still providing reasonably priced energy and that the
development and deployment of low-carbon electricity technologies must precede
the imposition of significant emission reduction requirements or taxes or fees
on emissions. PacifiCorp continues to add renewable and low-carbon electric
capacity to its generation portfolio in an effort to reduce the carbon intensity
of its generating capacity. From 2005 to 2008, through the addition of
lower-carbon and renewable generation resources, PacifiCorp reduced the CO2 intensity
of its electricity generation portfolio by 11% while increasing the number of
MWh generated by 17%. In addition, PacifiCorp has engaged in several voluntary
programs designed to reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions, including the
EPA’s sulfur hexafluoride reduction program, refrigerator recycling programs and
the EPA landfill methane outreach program. PacifiCorp is a member of the
California Climate Action Registry and The Climate Registry, under which it
reports and certifies its greenhouse gas emissions.
Climate
change may cause physical and financial risk through, among other things, sea
level rise, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events. Energy needs
may increase or decrease, based on overall changes in weather. Availability of
resources to generate electricity, such as water for hydroelectric production
and cooling purposes, may also be impacted by climate change and could influence
PacifiCorp’s existing and future electricity generation portfolio. These issues
may have a direct impact on the costs of electricity production and increase the
price paid by customers for electricity.
Legislative
and regulatory responses to climate change have the potential to create
financial risk. Adoption of early and stringent limits on greenhouse gas
emissions could significantly adversely impact PacifiCorp’s current and future
fossil-fueled facilities, and therefore, its financial results. To the extent
that PacifiCorp is not allowed by its regulators or cannot otherwise recover the
costs incurred to comply with climate change requirements, these requirements
could have a material adverse impact on PacifiCorp’s financial results. Costs of
compliance with environmental and other regulatory requirements are historically
recovered in rates but risk regulatory lag. Although PacifiCorp does not make
policy and does not take a position on the scientific aspects of climate change,
it supports an informed dialogue on climate change and intends to implement
actions to comply with any new legislation or regulation. The impact of any
pending judicial proceedings and any pending or enacted federal and state
climate change legislation and regulation cannot be determined at this time;
however, adoption of stringent limits on greenhouse gas emissions could
adversely impact PacifiCorp’s current and future fossil-fueled generating
facilities, and, therefore, its financial results.
27
Water
Quality Standards
The Clean
Water Act establishes the framework for maintaining and improving water quality
in the United States through a program that regulates, among other things,
discharges to and withdrawals from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that
cooling water intake structures reflect the “best technology available for
minimizing adverse environmental impact” to aquatic organisms. In
July 2004, the EPA established significant new national technology-based
performance standards for existing electric generating facilities that take in
more than 50 million gallons of water per day. These rules are aimed at
minimizing the adverse environmental impacts of cooling water intake structures
by reducing the number of aquatic organisms lost as a result of water
withdrawals. In response to a legal challenge to the rule, in January 2007,
the Second Circuit Court of Appeals remanded almost all aspects of the rule to
the EPA, leaving companies with cooling water intake structures uncertain
regarding compliance with these requirements. Petitions for certiorari are
pending before the United States Supreme Court regarding the Second Circuit
Court of Appeals’ decision. The United States Supreme Court will consider
whether Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act authorizes the EPA to compare
costs with benefits in determining “best technology available for minimizing
adverse environmental impact” of cooling water intake solutions. Compliance and
the potential costs of compliance, therefore, cannot be ascertained until such
time as the United States Supreme Court’s decision is rendered or further action
is taken by the EPA. Currently, PacifiCorp’s Dave Johnston plant exceeds the
50 million gallons of water per day intake threshold. In the event that
PacifiCorp’s existing intake structures require modification or alternative
technology required by new rules, expenditures to comply with these requirements
could be significant.
Ash
Disposal
In
December 2008, an ash impoundment dike at the Tennessee Valley Authority’s
Kingston power plant collapsed after heavy rain, releasing a significant amount
of fly ash, bottom ash, coal combustion byproducts and water to the surrounding
area. In light of this incident, federal and state officials have called for
greater regulation of coal combustion storage and disposal. PacifiCorp operates
coal ash impoundments and, in January 2008, voluntarily committed under an
industry action plan to disposal restrictions, monitoring and reporting of coal
combustion products that exceed requirements under current law. These ash
impoundments could be impacted by additional regulation and could pose
additional costs associated with ash management and disposal activities at
PacifiCorp’s coal-fired generating facilities. The impact of any new regulations
on coal combustion products cannot be determined at this time.
28
We are
subject to certain risks in our business operations as described below. Careful
consideration of these risks, together with all of the other information
included in this annual report and the other public information filed by us,
should be made before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties
described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known or that are currently deemed immaterial may
also impair our business operations.
We
are subject to extensive regulations and legislation that affect our operations
and costs. These regulations and laws are complex, dynamic and subject to
change.
We are
subject to numerous regulations and laws enforced by regulatory agencies. These
regulatory agencies include, among others, the FERC, the WECC, the EPA and the
public utility commissions in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and
California.
Regulations
affect almost every aspect of our business and limit our ability to
independently make and implement management decisions regarding, among other
items, constructing, acquiring or disposing of operating assets; business
combinations; setting rates charged to customers; establishing capital
structures and issuing debt or equity securities; engaging in transactions
between our subsidiaries and affiliates; and paying dividends. Regulations are
subject to ongoing policy initiatives and we cannot predict the future course of
changes in laws, regulations and orders, or the ultimate effect that regulatory
changes may have on us. However, such changes could materially impact our
financial results. For example, such changes could result in, but are not
limited to, increased retail competition within our service territories; new
environmental requirements, including the implementation of RPS and greenhouse
gas emissions reduction goals; implementation of energy efficiency mandates or
renewable energy standards; increased retail competition within our service
territories; the acquisition by a municipality or other quasi-governmental body
of our distribution facilities (by negotiation, legislation or condemnation or
by a vote in favor of a public utility district under Oregon law); or a negative
impact on our current cost recovery arrangements, including income tax
recovery.
Federal
and state energy regulation changes are one of the more challenging aspects of
managing utility operations. New and expanded regulations imposed by policy
makers, court systems, and industry restructuring have imposed changes on the
industry. The following are examples of changes to our regulatory environment
that have impacted us:
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Energy
Policy Act – The Energy Policy Act impacts many segments of the
energy industry. The United States Congress granted the FERC additional
authority in the Energy Policy Act, which expanded its role from a
regulatory body to an enforcement agency. To implement the law, the FERC
adopted new regulations and issued regulatory decisions addressing
electric system reliability, electric transmission planning, operation,
expansion and pricing, regulation of utility holding companies, and
enforcement authority, including the ability to assess civil penalties of
up to $1 million per day per violation for non-compliance. The FERC
has essentially completed its implementation of the Energy Policy Act and
the emphasis of its recent decisions is on reporting and compliance. In
that regard, the FERC has vigorously exercised its enforcement authority
by imposing significant civil penalties for violations of its rules and
regulations. For example, as a result of past events affecting electric
reliability, the Energy Policy Act requires federal agencies, working
together with non-governmental organizations charged with electric
reliability responsibilities, to adopt and implement measures designed to
ensure the reliability of electric transmission and distribution systems.
Since the adoption of the Energy Policy Act, the FERC has approved
numerous electric reliability, cyber security and critical infrastructure
protection standards developed by the NERC. A transmission owner’s
reliability compliance issues with these and future standards could result
in financial penalties. In FERC Order No. 693, the FERC implemented
its authority to impose penalties of up to $1 million per day per
violation for failure to comply with electric reliability standards. The
adoption of these and future electric reliability standards has imposed
more comprehensive and stringent requirements on us, which has increased
compliance costs. It is possible that the cost of complying with these and
any additional standards adopted in the future could adversely affect our
financial results.
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FERC
Orders – The FERC has issued a series of orders to foster greater
competition in wholesale power markets by reducing barriers to entry in
the provision of transmission service. In FERC Order Nos. 888, 889,
890, 890-A, 890-B and 717, the FERC required electric utilities to adopt a
proforma OATT by which transmission service would be provided on a just,
reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or preferential basis. The rules
adopted by these orders promote transparency and consistency in the
administration of the OATT, increase the ability of customers to access
new generating resources and promote efficient utilization of transmission
by requiring an open, transparent and coordinated transmission planning
process. Together with the increased reliability standards required of
transmission providers, the costs of operating the transmission system and
providing transmission service have increased, and to the extent such
increased costs are not recovered in rates charged to customers, they
could adversely affect our financial
results.
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Hydroelectric
Relicensing – Currently, the Klamath hydroelectric system, whose operating
license has expired and is operating on annual licenses, is engaged in the
FERC relicensing process. Through negotiations with relicensing
stakeholders, disposition of the relicensing process and a path toward dam
transfer and removal by a third party may occur as an alternative to
relicensing. Hydroelectric relicensing is a political and public
regulatory process involving sensitive resource issues and uncertainties.
We cannot predict with certainty the requirements (financial, operational
or otherwise) that may be imposed by relicensing, the economic impact of
those requirements, and whether a new license will ultimately be issued or
whether we will be willing to meet the relicensing requirements to
continue operating our hydroelectric generating facilities. Loss of
hydroelectric resources or additional commitments arising from relicensing
could adversely affect our financial
results.
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In
addition to the foregoing examples, the new Obama administration has stated that
many aspects of energy and the environment, including renewable resources and
climate change, will be a key component of its policy agenda. We cannot predict
what actions the administration may take, the laws or regulations that may be
adopted or the ultimate effect that any of these may have on us; however, such
effect could materially impact our financial results.
We
are subject to numerous environmental, health, safety and other laws,
regulations and other requirements that could adversely affect our financial
results.
Operational
Standards
We are
subject to numerous environmental, health, safety and other laws, regulations
and other requirements affecting many aspects of our present and future
operations, including, among others:
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the
provisions of the MINER Act to improve underground coal mine safety and
emergency preparedness;
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the
implementation of federal and state RPS;
and
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other
laws or regulations that establish or could establish standards for
greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, water quality, wastewater
discharges, solid waste and hazardous
waste.
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These and
related laws, regulations and orders generally require us to obtain and comply
with a wide variety of environmental licenses, permits, inspections and other
approvals.
30
Compliance
with environmental, health, safety, and other laws, regulations and other
requirements can require significant capital and operating expenditures,
including expenditures for new equipment, inspection, cleanup costs, damages
arising out of contaminated properties, and fines, penalties and injunctive
measures affecting operating assets for failure to comply with environmental
regulations. Compliance activities pursuant to regulations could be
prohibitively expensive. As a result, some facilities may be required to shut
down or alter their operations. Further, we may not be able to obtain or
maintain all required environmental regulatory approvals for our operating
assets or development projects. Delays in or active opposition by third parties
to obtaining any required environmental or regulatory permits, failure to comply
with the terms and conditions of the permits or increased regulatory or
environmental requirements may increase costs or prevent or delay us from
operating our facilities, developing new facilities, expanding existing
facilities or favorably locating new facilities. If we fail to comply with all
applicable environmental requirements, we may be subject to penalties and fines
or other sanctions. The costs of complying with current or new environmental,
health, safety and other laws, regulations and other requirements could
adversely affect our financial results. Not being able to operate existing
facilities or develop new electric generating facilities to meet customer energy
needs could require us to increase our purchases of power from the wholesale
markets, which could increase market and price risks and adversely affect our
financial results. Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls
are being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to reduce so-called
“greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide (a by-product of burning fossil
fuels), methane (the primary component of natural gas) and methane leaks from
pipelines. These actions could result in increased costs to (i) operate and
maintain our facilities, (ii) install new emission controls on our
facilities and (iii) administer and manage any greenhouse gas emissions
program. These actions could also increase the demand for natural gas, causing
increased natural gas prices, thereby adversely affecting our
operations.
Further,
our current regulatory rate structure or long-term customer contracts may not
necessarily allow us to recover all costs incurred to comply with new
environmental requirements. The inability to fully recover such costs in a
timely manner could adversely affect our financial results.
Site
Cleanup and Contamination
Environmental,
health, safety, and other laws, regulations and other requirements also impose
obligations to remediate contaminated properties or to pay for the cost of such
remediation, often by parties that did not actually cause the contamination. We
are generally responsible for on-site liabilities, and in some cases off-site
liabilities, associated with the environmental condition of our assets,
including power generating facilities and electric transmission and distribution
assets that we have acquired or developed, regardless of when the liabilities
arose and whether they are known or unknown. In connection with acquisitions, we
may obtain or require indemnification against some environmental liabilities. If
we incur a material liability, or the other party to a transaction fails to meet
its indemnification obligations, we could suffer material losses. We have
established reserves to recognize our estimated obligations for known
remediation liabilities, but such estimates may change materially over time.
PacifiCorp is required to fund its portion of the costs of mine reclamation at
its coal-mining operations, which include principally site restoration. In
addition, future events, such as changes in existing laws or policies or their
enforcement, or the discovery of currently unknown contamination, may give rise
to additional remediation liabilities that may be material.
31
Recovery
of our costs is subject to regulatory review and approval, and the inability to
recover costs may adversely affect our financial results.
State
Rate Proceedings
Rates are
established for our regulated retail service through state regulatory
proceedings. These proceedings typically involve multiple parties, including
government bodies and officials, consumer advocacy groups and various consumers
of energy, who have differing concerns, but who generally have the common
objective of limiting rate increases. Decisions are subject to appeal,
potentially leading to additional uncertainty associated with the approval
proceedings.
Each
state sets retail rates based in part upon the state utility commission’s
acceptance of an allocated share of total utility costs. When states adopt
different methods to calculate interjurisdictional cost allocations, some costs
may not be incorporated into rates of any state. Ratemaking is also generally
done on the basis of estimates of normalized costs, so if a given year’s
realized costs are higher than normalized costs, rates will not be sufficient to
cover those costs. Each state utility commission generally sets rates based on a
test year established in accordance with that commission’s policies. Certain
states use a future test year or allow for escalation of historical costs, while
other states use a historical test year. Use of a historical test year may cause
regulatory lag, which results in us incurring costs, including significant new
investments, for which recovery through rates is delayed. State regulatory
commissions also decide the allowed rates of return MEHC will be given an
opportunity to earn on its equity investment in us. In addition, they also
decide the allowed levels of expense and investment that they deem are just and
reasonable in providing service. The state regulatory commissions may disallow
recovery in rates for any costs that do not meet such standard.
In Utah
and Washington, we are not permitted to pass through energy cost increases in
our electric rates without a general rate case. Any significant increase in fuel
costs for electricity generation or purchased power costs could have a negative
impact on us, despite our efforts to minimize this impact through future general
rate cases or the use of hedging instruments. Any of these consequences could
adversely affect our financial results.
While
rate regulation is premised on providing a fair opportunity to obtain a
reasonable rate of return on invested capital, the state regulatory commissions
do not guarantee that we will be able to realize a reasonable rate of
return.
FERC
Jurisdiction
The FERC
establishes cost-based tariffs under which we provide transmission services to
wholesale markets and retail markets in states that allow retail competition.
The FERC also has responsibility for approving both cost- and market-based rates
under which we sell electricity at wholesale and has licensing authority over
most of our hydroelectric generating facilities. The FERC may impose price
limitations, bidding rules and other mechanisms to address some of the
volatility of these markets or may (pursuant to pending or future proceedings)
revoke or restrict our ability to sell electricity at market-based rates, which
could adversely affect our financial results. The FERC may also impose
substantial civil penalties for any non-compliance with the Federal Power Act
and the FERC’s rules and orders.
We
are actively pursuing, developing and constructing new or expanded facilities,
the completion and expected cost of which is subject to significant risk, and we
have significant funding needs related to our planned capital
expenditures.
We are
engaged in several large construction or expansion projects, including
construction and development of wind-powered generating facilities and various
capital projects related to generation, transmission and distribution. In
addition, in connection with MEHC’s acquisition of us in early 2006, we have
committed to undertake several other capital expenditure projects, principally
relating to environmental controls, transmission and distribution, renewable
generation and other facilities. Including these investments, we expect to incur
substantial construction, expansion and other capital-related costs over the
next several years. Additional significant investments may be incurred as a
result of the issuance and implementation of state and federal RPS, greenhouse
gas emissions reduction goals and other environmental requirements.
32
Development
and construction of major facilities are subject to substantial risks, including
fluctuations in the price and availability of commodities, manufactured goods,
equipment, labor and other items over a multi-year construction period, as well
as the economic viability of our suppliers. These risks may result in higher
than expected costs to complete an asset and place it in service. Such costs may
not be recoverable in the regulated rates or market prices we are able to charge
our customers. It is also possible that additional generation needs may be
obtained through power purchase agreements which could increase long-term
purchase obligations and force reliance on the operating performance of a third
party. The inability to successfully and timely complete a project, avoid
unexpected costs or to recover any such costs could adversely affect our
financial results.
Furthermore,
we depend upon both internal and external sources of liquidity to provide
working capital and to fund capital requirements. These sources include
revolving credit facilities with a variety of banks and financial institutions.
Many large financial institutions have experienced financial difficulties, with
several unable to survive as independent institutions with bankruptcy in some
cases. It is possible that these financial institutions may be unable to provide
previously arranged funding under revolving credit facilities or other
arrangements. Economic and credit market environments, such as those experienced
in 2008, may adversely affect our ability to obtain liquidity from external
sources. If these funds are not available, we may need to postpone or cancel
planned capital expenditures.
Failure
to construct our planned projects could limit opportunities for revenue growth,
increase operating costs and adversely affect the reliability of electric
service to our customers. For example, if we are not able to expand our existing
generating facilities, we may be required to enter into long-term electricity
procurement contracts or procure electricity at more volatile and potentially
higher prices in the spot markets to support growing retail loads.
The
current disruptions in the financial markets could affect our ability to obtain
debt financing, draw upon or renew existing credit facilities and have other
adverse effects on us.
The
United States and global credit markets have experienced historic dislocations
and liquidity disruptions that have caused financing to be unavailable in many
cases. These circumstances have materially impacted liquidity in the bank and
capital debt markets, making financing terms less attractive for borrowers who
are able to find financing, and in many cases have resulted in the
unavailability of certain types of debt financing. In addition, many large
financial institutions have experienced financial difficulties, with some unable
to survive as independent institutions and others filing for bankruptcy
protection. These conditions may continue to impact the number of financial
institutions able to provide credit. It is also possible that these financial
institutions may not be able to provide previously arranged funding under
revolving credit facilities or other arrangements like those that we have
established as potential sources of liquidity for working capital and to fund
capital requirements. For example, our revolving credit facility arrangements
have been reduced due to the Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. bankruptcy filing in
September 2008. Continued uncertainty in the credit markets may negatively
impact our ability to access funds on favorable terms or at all. If we need to
access funds but are unable to do so, that failure could have a material adverse
effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We
are exposed to credit risk of counterparties and failure of our significant
customers to perform under or to renew their contracts, or failure to obtain new
customers for expanded capacity, could adversely affect our financial
results.
We rely
on our wholesale customers to fulfill their commitments and pay for energy
delivered to them on a timely basis. Adverse economic conditions or other events
affecting counterparties with whom we conduct business could impair the ability
of these counterparties to pay for services or fulfill their contractual
obligations, or cause them to delay or reduce such payments. We depend on these
counterparties to remit payments on a timely basis. Some suppliers and customers
have been experiencing deteriorating credit quality over the course of 2008, and
we continue to monitor these parties to attempt to reduce the impact of any
potential counterparty default. Any delay or default in payment or limitation to
negotiate alternative arrangements could adversely affect our financial
results.
33
We also
have certain long-term arrangements for which if we are unable to renew,
remarket, or find replacements, our sales volumes and revenues would be exposed
to reduction and increased volatility. For example, without long-term
transmission or power purchase agreements, we cannot assure that we will be able
to operate profitably. Failure to maintain existing long-term agreements or
secure new long-term agreements could adversely affect our financial
results.
The
replacement of any existing long-term agreements depends on market conditions
and other factors that may be beyond our control.
A
significant decrease in demand for electricity in the markets served by us would
significantly decrease our operating revenues and thereby adversely affect our
business and financial results.
A
sustained decrease in demand for electricity in the markets served by us would
significantly reduce our operating revenue and adversely affect our financial
results. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include, among
others:
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a
recession or other adverse economic condition, including the significant
adverse changes in the economy and credit markets in 2008, which may
continue into future periods, that results in a lower level of economic
activity or reduced spending by consumers on
electricity;
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an
increase in the market price of electricity or a decrease in the price of
other competing forms of energy;
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efforts
by customers, legislators and regulators to reduce consumption of energy
through various conservation and energy efficiency measures and
programs;
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higher
fuel taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that increase,
directly or indirectly, the cost of natural gas or the fuel source for
electricity generation or that limit the use of natural gas or the
generation of electricity from fossil fuels;
and
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a
shift to more energy-efficient or alternative fuel machinery or an
improvement in fuel economy, whether as a result of technological advances
by manufacturers, legislation mandating higher fuel economy or lower
emissions, price differentials, incentives or
otherwise.
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We
are subject to market risk, counterparty performance risk and other risks
associated with wholesale energy markets.
In
general, wholesale market risk is the risk of adverse fluctuations in the market
price of wholesale electricity and fuel, including natural gas and coal, which
is compounded by volumetric changes affecting the availability of or demand for
electricity and fuel. We purchase electricity and fuel in the open market or
pursuant to short-term or variable-priced contracts as part of our normal
operating business. If market prices rise, especially in a time when larger than
expected volumes must be purchased at market or short-term prices, we may incur
significantly greater expense than anticipated. Likewise, if electricity market
prices decline in a period when we are a net seller of electricity in the
wholesale market, we will earn less revenue.
Wholesale
electricity prices in our service areas are influenced primarily by factors
throughout the Western United States relating to supply and demand. Those
factors include the adequacy of generating capacity, scheduled and unscheduled
outages of generating facilities, hydroelectric generation levels, prices and
availability of fuel sources for generation, disruptions or constraints to
transmission facilities, weather conditions, economic growth and changes in
technology. Volumetric changes are caused by unanticipated changes in generation
availability and/or changes in customer loads due to the weather, electricity
prices, the economy, regulations or customer behavior. Although we plan for
resources to meet our current and expected retail and wholesale load
obligations, we are a net buyer of electricity during some peak periods and
therefore our energy costs may be adversely impacted by market risk. In
addition, we may not be able to timely recover all, if any, of those increased
costs unless the state regulators authorize such recovery.
34
We are
also exposed to risks related to performance of contractual obligations by
wholesale suppliers and customers. These risks have increased as a result of the
current recessionary environment and many companies’ weakened financial
condition. We rely on suppliers to deliver commodities, primarily natural gas,
coal and electricity, in accordance with short- and long-term contracts. Failure
or delay by suppliers to provide these commodities pursuant to existing
contracts could disrupt our ability to deliver electricity and require us to
incur additional expenses to meet customer needs.
We rely
on wholesale customers to take delivery of the energy they have committed to
purchase and to pay for the energy on a timely basis. Failure of customers to
take delivery may require us to find other customers to take the energy at lower
prices than the original customers committed to pay. At certain times of the
year, prices paid by us for energy needed to satisfy our customers’ energy needs
may exceed the amounts we receive through rates from these customers. If our
wholesale customers are unable to pay us for energy or hedging transactions, it
may have a significant adverse impact on our cash flows. If the strategy used to
minimize these risk exposures is ineffective or if our wholesale customers’
financial condition deteriorates as a result of recent economic conditions,
causing them to be unable to pay us, significant losses could
result.
The
deterioration in the credit quality of certain of our wholesale suppliers and
customers as a result of the adverse economic changes experienced in 2008 could
have an adverse impact on their ability to perform their contractual
obligations, which in turn could have an adverse impact on our financial
results.
Inflation
and changes in commodity prices and fuel transportation costs may adversely
affect our financial results.
Inflation
may affect our business by increasing both operating and capital costs. As a
result of existing rate agreements and competitive price pressures, we may not
be able to pass the costs of inflation on to our customers. If we are unable to
manage cost increases or pass them on to our customers, our financial results
could be adversely affected.
We have a
multitude of long-term agreements of varying duration that are material to the
operation of our business, such as power purchase, coal and gas supply and
transportation contracts, and the failure to maintain, renew or replace these
agreements on similar terms and conditions could increase our exposure to
changes in prices, thereby increasing the volatility of our financial results.
We currently have contracts of varying durations for the supply and
transportation of coal for our existing generation capacity, although we obtain
some of our coal supply from mines owned or leased by us. When these contracts
expire or if they are not honored, we may not be able to purchase or transport
coal on terms as favorable as the current contracts. We have similar exposures
regarding the market price of natural gas. Changes in the cost of coal or
natural gas supply and transportation and changes in the relationship between
such costs and the market price of power will affect our financial results.
Since the sales price we receive for power may not change at the same rate as
our coal or natural gas supply and transportation costs, we may be unable to
pass on the changes in costs to our customers.
Our
financial results may be adversely affected if we are unable to obtain adequate,
reliable and affordable access to transmission service.
We depend
on transmission facilities owned and operated by other utilities to transport
electricity to both wholesale and retail markets. If adequate transmission is
unavailable, we may be unable to purchase and sell and deliver electricity. Such
unavailability could also hinder our ability to provide adequate or economical
electricity to our wholesale and retail customers and could adversely impact our
financial results.
Our
operating results may fluctuate on a seasonal and quarterly basis and may be
adversely affected by weather.
The sale
of electric power is generally a seasonal business. In the markets in which we
operate, customer demand peaks in the winter months due to heating requirements
and also peaks in the summer months due to irrigation and cooling needs. Extreme
weather conditions such as heat waves or winter storms could cause these
seasonal fluctuations to be more pronounced. Periods of low rainfall or
snow-pack may also impact electric generation at our hydroelectric generating
facilities. Our wind-powered generating facilitates are also climate-contingent
resources.
35
As a
result, our overall financial results may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal
and quarterly basis. We have historically sold less power, and consequently
earned less income, when weather conditions are mild. Unusually mild weather in
the future may adversely affect our financial results through lower revenues or
margins. Conversely, unusually extreme weather conditions could increase our
costs to provide power and could adversely affect our financial results.
Furthermore, during or following periods of low rainfall or snow-pack, we may
obtain substantially less electricity from hydroelectric generating facilities
and must purchase greater amounts of electricity from the wholesale market or
from other sources at market prices. We have added substantial wind-powered
generating capacity which is a climate dependent resource resulting in a
variable production output that may at times affect the amount of energy
available for sale or purchase. The extent of fluctuation in financial results
may change depending on a number of factors related to our regulatory
environment and contractual agreements, including our ability to recover power
costs and terms of the power sale contracts.
We
are subject to operating uncertainties that could adversely affect our financial
results.
The
operation of complex electric utility (including generation, transmission and
distribution) systems that are spread over large geographic areas involves many
operating uncertainties and events beyond our control. These potential events
include the breakdown or failure of power generation equipment, transmission and
distribution lines or other equipment or processes; unscheduled generating
facility outages; strikes, lockouts or other labor-related actions; shortage of
qualified labor; transmission and distribution system constraints or outages;
fuel shortages or interruptions; unavailability of critical equipment, materials
and supplies; low water flows and other weather-related impacts; performance
below expected levels of output, capacity or efficiency; operator error; and
catastrophic events such as severe storms, fires, earthquakes, explosions or
mining accidents. A casualty occurrence might result in injury or loss of life,
extensive property damage or environmental damage. Any of these risks or other
operational risks could significantly reduce or eliminate our revenues or
significantly increase our expenses. For example, if we cannot operate
generating facilities at full capacity due to damage caused by a catastrophic
event, our revenues could decrease due to decreased sales and our expenses could
increase due to the need to obtain energy from more expensive sources. Further,
we self-insure many risks and current and future insurance coverage may not be
sufficient to replace lost revenue or cover repair and replacement costs. Any
reduction of revenues for such reason, or any other reduction of our revenues or
increase in our expenses resulting from the risks described above could
adversely affect our financial results.
Potential
terrorist activities or military or other actions could adversely affect
us.
The
continued threat of terrorism since September 11, 2001 and the impact of
military and other actions by the United States and its allies has led to
increased political, economic and financial market instability and has subjected
our operations to increased risks. The United States government has issued
warnings that energy assets, specifically including electric utility
infrastructure, are potential targets for terrorist organizations. Political,
economic or financial market instability or damage to our operating assets or
the assets of our customers or suppliers may result in business interruptions,
lost revenue, higher commodity prices, disruption in fuel supplies, lower energy
consumption and unstable markets, increased security, repair or other costs that
may materially adversely affect us in ways that cannot be predicted at this
time. Any of these risks could materially affect our financial results.
Furthermore, instability in the financial markets as a result of terrorism or
war could also materially adversely affect our ability to raise
capital.
The
insurance industry may change to reflect increased instability in the political,
economic and financial markets. As a result, insurance covering risks we
typically insure against may decrease in scope and availability, and we may
elect to self-insure against many such risks. In addition, the available
insurance may have higher deductibles, higher premiums and more restrictive
policy terms.
36
A
downgrade in our credit ratings could negatively affect our access to capital,
increase the cost of borrowing or raise energy transaction credit support
requirements.
Our debt
securities and preferred stock are rated investment grade by various rating
agencies but may not continue to be rated investment grade in the future.
Although none of our outstanding debt has rating-downgrade triggers that would
accelerate a repayment obligation, a credit rating downgrade would increase our
borrowing costs and commitment fees on our revolving credit agreements and other
financing arrangements, perhaps significantly. In addition, we would likely be
required to pay a higher interest rate in future financings, and the potential
pool of investors and funding sources would likely decrease. Further, access to
the commercial paper market, our principal source of short-term borrowings,
could be significantly limited, resulting in higher interest costs. The
commercial paper market has been disrupted as a result of the recent economic
conditions, which could also limit our ability to access commercial
paper.
Most of
our large customers, suppliers and counterparties require sufficient
creditworthiness in order to enter into transactions, particularly in the
wholesale energy markets. If our credit ratings were to decline, especially
below investment grade, financing costs and borrowings would likely increase
because counterparties may require a letter of credit, collateral in the form of
cash-related instruments or some other security as a condition to further
transactions with us.
We
have a substantial amount of debt, which could adversely affect our ability to
obtain future financing and limit our expenditures.
As of
December 31, 2008, we had $5.6 billion in total debt securities
outstanding. Our principal financing agreements contain restrictive covenants
that limit our ability to borrow funds, and any issuance of debt securities
requires prior authorization from certain of our state regulatory commissions.
We expect that we will need to supplement cash generated from operations and
availability under committed credit facilities with new issuances of long-term
debt. However, if market conditions are not favorable for the issuance of
long-term debt, or if an issuance of long-term debt would exceed contractual or
regulatory limits, we may postpone planned capital expenditures, or take other
actions, to the extent those expenditures are not fully covered by cash from
operations, borrowings under committed credit facilities or equity contributions
from MEHC.
MEHC
may exercise its significant influence over us in a manner that would benefit
MEHC to the detriment of our creditors and preferred stockholders.
MEHC,
through its subsidiary, owns all of our common stock and generally has control
over the election of our directors and all decisions requiring shareholder
approval. In circumstances involving a conflict of interest between MEHC and our
creditors and preferred stockholders, MEHC could exercise its control in a
manner that would benefit MEHC to the detriment of our creditors and preferred
stockholders.
Poor
performance of plan and fund investments and other factors impacting the pension
plan, the other postretirement benefits plan and mine reclamation costs could
unfavorably impact our cash flows and liquidity.
Costs of
providing our non-contributory defined benefit pension and other postretirement
benefits plans depend upon a number of factors, including the rates of return on
plan assets, the level and nature of benefits provided, discount rates, the
interest rates used to measure required minimum funding levels, changes in
benefit design, changes in laws and government regulation and our required or
voluntary contributions made to the plans. Our pension and other postretirement
benefits plans are in underfunded positions. The recent declines in the global
financial markets have exacerbated our plans’ underfunded positions. Even with
sustained growth in the investments over future periods to increase the value of
these plans’ assets, we will likely be required to make significant cash
contributions to fund these plans. Furthermore, the recently enacted Pension
Protection Act of 2006 may result in more volatility in the amount and
timing of future contributions. Similarly, funds dedicated to mine reclamation
are also invested in equity and fixed income securities, and poor performance of
these investments will reduce the amount of funds available for their intended
purpose, which would require us to make additional cash contributions. Such cash
funding obligations, which are also impacted by the other factors described
above, could have a material impact on our liquidity by reducing our cash
flows.
37
We
are involved in numerous legal proceedings, the outcomes of which are uncertain
and could adversely affect our financial results.
We are
party to numerous legal proceedings. Litigation is subject to many
uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcome of individual matters. It is
possible that the final resolution of some of the matters in which we are
involved could result in additional payments in excess of established reserves
over an extended period of time and in amounts that could have a material
adverse effect on our financial results. Similarly, it is also possible that the
terms of resolution could require that we change business practices and
procedures, which could also have a material adverse effect on our financial
results. Further, litigation could result in the imposition of financial
penalties or injunctions which could limit our ability to take certain desired
actions or the denial of needed permits, licenses or regulatory authority to
conduct our business, including the siting or permitting of facilities. Any of
these outcomes could adversely affect our financial results.
Potential
changes in accounting standards might cause us to revise our financial results
and disclosure in the future, which may change the way analysts measure our
business or financial performance.
Accounting
irregularities discovered in the past few years in various industries have
caused regulators and legislators to take a renewed look at accounting
practices, financial disclosures, companies’ relationships with their
independent auditors and the accounting for defined benefit plans. Because it is
still unclear what laws or regulations will ultimately develop, we cannot
predict the ultimate impact of any future changes in accounting regulations or
practices in general with respect to public companies or the energy industry or
in our operations specifically. In addition, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board (“FASB”), the FERC or the SEC could enact new or revised accounting
standards or FERC orders that might impact how we are required to record
revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities.
38
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF
COMMENTS
None.
PacifiCorp’s
properties consist of the physical assets necessary to generate, transmit,
distribute and supply energy and consist mainly of electric generation,
transmission and distribution facilities, along with the related rights-of-way.
It is the opinion of PacifiCorp’s management that the principal depreciable
properties owned by PacifiCorp are in good operating condition and are well
maintained. Substantially all of PacifiCorp’s electric utility properties are
subject to the lien of PacifiCorp’s Mortgage and Deed of Trust. Refer
to Exhibit 4.1 in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. For additional
information regarding PacifiCorp’s properties, refer to Item 1 of this Form
10-K and Notes 3 and 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
The right
to construct and operate PacifiCorp’s transmission and distribution facilities
across certain property was obtained in most circumstances through negotiations
and, where necessary, through the exercise of the power of eminent domain.
PacifiCorp continues to have the power of eminent domain in each of the
jurisdictions in which it operates, but it does not have the power of eminent
domain with respect to Native American tribal lands.
With
respect to real property, each of the transmission and distribution facilities
fall into two basic categories: (1) parcels that are owned in fee, such as
certain of the generation facilities, substations and office sites; and (2)
parcels where the interest derives from leases, easements, rights-of-way,
permits or licenses from landowners or governmental authorities permitting the
use of such land for the construction, operation and maintenance of the
transmission and distribution facilities. PacifiCorp believes that it has
satisfactory title to all of the real property making up its respective
facilities in all material respects.
Headquarters/Offices
PacifiCorp’s
corporate offices consist of approximately 800,000 square feet of owned and
leased office space located in several buildings in Portland, Oregon and Salt
Lake City, Utah. PacifiCorp’s corporate headquarters are in Portland, but there
are several executives and departments located in Salt Lake City. In addition to
the corporate headquarters, PacifiCorp owns and leases approximately
1 million square feet of field office and warehouse space in various other
locations in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. The field
location square footage does not include offices located at PacifiCorp’s
generating facilities.
39
In
addition to the proceedings described below, PacifiCorp is currently party to
various items of litigation or arbitration in the normal course of business,
none of which are reasonably expected by PacifiCorp to have a material adverse
effect on its consolidated financial results.
In
February 2007, the Sierra Club and the Wyoming Outdoor Council filed a
complaint against PacifiCorp in the federal district court in Cheyenne, Wyoming,
alleging violations of the Wyoming state opacity standards at PacifiCorp’s Jim
Bridger plant in Wyoming. Under Wyoming state requirements, which are part of
the Jim Bridger plant’s Title V permit and are enforceable by private
citizens under the federal Clean Air Act, a potential source of pollutants such
as a coal-fired generating facility must meet minimum standards for opacity,
which is a measurement of light that is obscured in the flue of a generating
facility. The complaint alleges thousands of violations of asserted six-minute
compliance periods and seeks an injunction ordering the Jim Bridger plant’s
compliance with opacity limits, civil penalties of $32,500 per day per
violation, and the plaintiffs’ costs of litigation. The court granted a motion
to bifurcate the trial into separate liability and remedy phases. In
March 2008, the court indefinitely postponed the date for the
liability-phase trial. The remedy-phase trial has not yet been scheduled. The
court also has before it a number of motions on which it has not yet ruled.
PacifiCorp believes it has a number of defenses to the claims. PacifiCorp
intends to vigorously oppose the lawsuit but cannot predict its outcome at this
time. PacifiCorp has already committed to invest at least $812 million in
pollution control equipment at its generating facilities, including the Jim
Bridger plant. This commitment is expected to significantly reduce system-wide
emissions, including emissions at the Jim Bridger plant.
In
October 2005, PacifiCorp was added as a defendant to a lawsuit originally
filed in February 2005 in state district court in Salt Lake City, Utah by
USA Power, LLC and its affiliated companies,
USA Power Partners, LLC and Spring Canyon, LLC
(collectively, “USA Power”), against Utah attorney
Jody L. Williams and the law firm
Holme, Roberts & Owen, LLP, who represent PacifiCorp on
various matters from time to time. USA Power was the developer of a planned
generation project in Mona, Utah called Spring Canyon, which
PacifiCorp, as part of its resource procurement process, at one time considered
as an alternative to the Currant Creek plant. USA Power’s complaint alleged
that PacifiCorp misappropriated confidential proprietary information in
violation of Utah’s Uniform Trade Secrets Act and accused PacifiCorp of breach
of contract and related claims. USA Power seeks $250 million in
damages, statutory doubling of damages for its trade secrets violation claim,
punitive damages, costs and attorneys’ fees. After considering various motions
for summary judgment, the court ruled in October 2007 in favor of
PacifiCorp on all counts and dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims in their entirety.
In February 2008, the plaintiffs filed a petition requesting consideration
of their appeal by the Utah Supreme Court. The plaintiff’s request was granted
and they filed a brief in November 2008 with the Utah Supreme Court. In
January 2009, PacifiCorp filed its reply brief. PacifiCorp believes that
its defenses that prevailed in the trial court will prevail on appeal.
Furthermore, PacifiCorp expects that the outcome of any appeal will not have a
material impact on its consolidated financial results.
Not
applicable.
40
PART
II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON
EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
MEHC
indirectly owns all of the shares of PacifiCorp’s outstanding common stock.
Therefore, there is no public market for PacifiCorp’s common stock. PacifiCorp
did not pay dividends on common stock during the years ended December 31,
2008 and 2007. PacifiCorp does not expect to declare or pay dividends on
common stock during the year ending December 31, 2009.
During
the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp received capital
contributions of $450 million and $200 million, respectively, in cash
from its indirect parent company, MEHC.
For a
discussion of regulatory restrictions that limit PacifiCorp’s ability to pay
dividends on common stock, refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL
DATA
The
following table sets forth PacifiCorp’s selected consolidated historical
financial data, which should be read in conjunction with Item 7 of this
Form 10-K and with PacifiCorp’s historical Consolidated Financial
Statements and notes thereto in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The selected
consolidated historical financial data has been derived from PacifiCorp’s
audited historical Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto
(in millions). In May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors elected
to change PacifiCorp’s fiscal year-end from March 31 to
December 31.
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Period Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
Years
Ended March 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2005
|
||||||||||||||||
Consolidated
Statement of Operations Data:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating
revenue
|
$ | 4,498 | $ | 4,258 | $ | 2,924 | $ | 3,897 | $ | 3,049 | ||||||||||
Operating
income
|
947 | 888 | 415 | 792 | 656 | |||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
458 | 439 | 161 | 361 | 252 |
As of December 31,
|
As of March 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2005
|
||||||||||||||||
Consolidated
Balance Sheet Data:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 17,167 | $ | 14,907 | $ | 13,852 | $ | 12,731 | $ | 12,521 | ||||||||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations, excluding current
portion
|
5,424 | 4,753 | 3,967 | 3,721 | 3,629 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock subject to mandatory redemption, excluding current
portion
|
- | - | - | 41 | 49 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | |||||||||||||||
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
5,987 | 5,080 | 4,426 | 4,052 | 3,377 |
41
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The
following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors
that have affected the financial condition and results of operations of
PacifiCorp during the periods included herein. Explanations include management’s
best estimate of the impacts of weather, customer growth and other factors. This
discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 6 of this Form 10-K and
with PacifiCorp’s historical Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto
in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. PacifiCorp’s actual results in the future
could differ significantly from the historical results.
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
As a
result of PacifiCorp’s election to change its fiscal year from March 31 to
December 31, the audited periods presented in the Consolidated Statements
of Operations include the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the
nine-month transition period ended December 31, 2006. To facilitate a
better understanding of PacifiCorp’s results of operations and business trends,
the following discussion is based on the comparison of the audited year ended
December 31, 2008 to the audited year ended December 31, 2007 and the
audited year ended December 31, 2007 to the unaudited year ended
December 31, 2006. Financial information for the year ended
December 31, 2006 is derived from PacifiCorp’s audited consolidated
financial statements for the nine-month transition period ended
December 31, 2006 and PacifiCorp’s unaudited consolidated financial
statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2006.
Overview
PacifiCorp’s
net income increased $19 million to $458 million for 2008 compared
with 2007, primarily due to higher revenues in the current year, significantly
offset by higher fuel costs.
Retail
revenue increased $198 million for 2008 compared with 2007, primarily due
to higher prices approved by regulators to recover increased costs due to assets
placed in service and higher net power costs, growth in the average number of
residential and commercial customers and higher average customer usage. Retail
energy sales volumes grew by 2% in 2008 compared with 2007. Customer usage
levels began to decline in the fourth quarter of 2008 due to the effects of
the current economic conditions in the United States and around the world. This
declining usage trend may continue in 2009.
Wholesale
sales and other revenue for 2008 increased $42 million compared with 2007,
primarily due to higher contract prices for transmission services and higher
average prices on wholesale electric sales, substantially offset by lower
volumes.
Overall,
total retail and wholesale sales volumes were relatively flat for 2008 compared
with 2007.
PacifiCorp
added 1,068 MW of gas-fired generating capacity during the past two years
through the additions of the 548-MW Lake Side plant in September 2007 and
the 520-MW Chehalis plant in September 2008. PacifiCorp also increased its
renewable generating capacity by the construction and commissioning of
382 MW of wind-powered generating facilities. These additions to generating
capacity have enabled PacifiCorp to significantly reduce its reliance on
purchased electricity to meet its retail load requirements.
Fuel
costs increased $182 million for 2008 compared with 2007, primarily due to
higher average prices for natural gas and coal. Increases in generating capacity
across all resource types enabled PacifiCorp to accommodate the increased retail
loads during 2008 and reduce its purchased electricity costs by $35 million
compared with 2007 despite a 14% increase in the average wholesale
price.
42
Output
from PacifiCorp’s coal-fired generating facilities increased by
254,500 MWh, or 1%, for 2008 compared with 2007. Output from PacifiCorp’s
natural gas-fired generating facilities increased by 856,086 MWh, or 11%,
for 2008 compared with 2007, due to the additions of the 548-MW Lake Side plant
and the 520-MW Chehalis plant. Output from PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generating
facilities increased by 18,195 MWh, or 1%, for 2008 compared with 2007.
PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generation was 90% of normal for both 2008 and 2007,
based on a 30-year average.
PacifiCorp’s
net income increased $131 million to $439 million for 2007 compared
with 2006. The $131 million increase in net income was primarily due to
higher retail revenues and higher net wholesale sales and purchases, partially
offset by higher fuel costs.
Retail
revenue increased $292 million for 2007 compared with 2006, primarily due
to higher prices approved by regulators to recover increased costs due to assets
placed in service and higher net power costs, growth in the average number of
residential and commercial customers and higher average customer usage. Retail
energy sales volumes grew by 3% in 2007 compared with 2006.
Wholesale
sales and other revenue increased $126 million for 2007 compared with 2006,
due to higher average prices on wholesale electric sales. This increase was more
than offset by $313 million of decreases due to changes in the fair value
of energy sales contracts accounted for as derivatives.
Fuel
costs increased $287 million for 2007 compared with 2006, primarily due to
increases in the average prices of natural gas and coal, as well as higher
volumes of natural gas consumed. This increase was more than offset by
$364 million of decreases due to changes in the fair value of energy
purchase contracts accounted for as derivatives.
Output
from PacifiCorp’s coal-fired generating facilities increased 1,390,751 MWh,
or 3%, for 2007 compared with 2006. Output from PacifiCorp’s natural gas-fired
generating facilities increased 3,699,169 MWh, or 88%, for 2007 compared
with 2006 due to the addition of the 548-MW Lake Side plant in
September 2007. Output from PacifiCorp-owned hydroelectric facilities
decreased 872,509 MWh, or 19%, for 2007 compared with 2006 due to lower
water flow conditions. PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric generation was 90% and 111% of
normal for 2007 and 2006, respectively, based on a 30-year average.
43
Year
Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended
December 31, 2007
Operating
revenue (dollars in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
|
$ | 3,449 | $ | 3,251 | $ | 198 | 6 | % | ||||||||
Wholesale
sales and other
|
1,049 | 1,007 | 42 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Total
operating revenue
|
$ | 4,498 | $ | 4,258 | $ | 240 | 6 | |||||||||
Average
retail customers (in thousands)
|
1,706 | 1,684 | 22 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Retail
energy sales (GWh)
|
54,362 | 53,390 | 972 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Wholesale
energy sales (GWh)
|
12,345 | 13,724 | (1,379 | ) | (10 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
energy sales (GWh)
|
66,707 | 67,114 | (407 | ) | (1 | ) |
Retail revenues increased
$198 million, or 6%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$102 million
of increases from higher prices approved by
regulators;
|
|
·
|
$48 million
of increases related to growth in the average number of residential and
commercial customers;
|
|
·
|
$27 million
of increases due to the recognition of revenues as a result of approval
from the OPUC to collect previously under-collected income taxes pursuant
to SB 408; and
|
|
·
|
$21 million
of increases due to higher average customer
usage.
|
Wholesale sales and other
revenues increased $42 million, or 4%, primarily due
to:
|
·
|
$19 million
of increases in transmission revenue primarily due to higher contract
prices;
|
|
·
|
$13 million
of increases due to higher average prices on wholesale electric sales,
substantially offset by lower volumes;
and
|
|
·
|
$6 million
of increases due to changes in the fair value of energy sales contracts
accounted for as derivatives.
|
44
Operating
Costs and Expenses (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
$ | 1,957 | $ | 1,768 | $ | (189 | ) | (11 | )% | |||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
992 | 1,004 | 12 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
490 | 497 | 7 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
112 | 101 | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
operating costs and expenses
|
$ | 3,551 | $ | 3,370 | $ | (181 | ) | (5 | ) |
Energy costs increased
$189 million, or 11%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$141 million
of natural gas cost increases substantially due to higher average
prices;
|
|
·
|
$41 million
of coal cost increases substantially due to higher average
prices;
|
|
·
|
$27 million
of increases primarily due to the amortization of incurred power costs
deferred in the prior year in accordance with established adjustment
mechanisms;
|
|
·
|
$15 million
of increases in transmission costs primarily due to new contracts;
and
|
|
·
|
$7 million
of increases due to changes in the fair value of energy purchases
contracts accounted for as derivatives; partially offset
by,
|
|
·
|
$35 million
of decreases due to a significant decrease in purchased electricity
volumes, partially offset by higher average prices;
and
|
|
·
|
$6 million
of decreases due to deferral of power costs incurred in 2005 as a result
of decreased hydroelectric generation, which were approved by the WUTC for
recovery over a three-year period starting October
2008.
|
Operations and maintenance expense
decreased $12 million, or 1%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$27 million
of decreases in employee expenses, substantially due to lower pension and
other postretirement benefit expenses; partially offset
by,
|
|
·
|
$10 million
of increases in demand-side management expense primarily due to increased
spending in Oregon and Idaho; and
|
|
·
|
$5 million
of increases in bad debt expense, primarily in the commercial and
industrial customer classes as a result of current economic
conditions.
|
Depreciation and amortization
expense decreased $7 million, or 1%, primarily due to a
$47 million reduction from the extension of the depreciable lives of
certain property, plant and equipment as a result of PacifiCorp’s recent
depreciation study, substantially offset by higher plant-in-service in the
current year.
Taxes other than income taxes
increased $11 million, or 11%, primarily due to increased levels of
assessable property.
45
Other
Income (Expense) (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
$ | (343 | ) | $ | (314 | ) | $ | (29 | ) | (9 | )% | |||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
34 | 29 | 5 | 17 | ||||||||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
47 | 41 | 6 | 15 | ||||||||||||
Interest
income
|
11 | 15 | (4 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
other income (expense)
|
$ | (251 | ) | $ | (229 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | (10 | ) |
Interest expense increased
$29 million, or 9%, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding,
partially offset by lower average rates on variable-rate debt during
2008.
Allowance for borrowed and equity
funds increased $11 million, or 16%, primarily due to higher
qualified construction work-in-progress balances, partially offset by lower
average rates during 2008.
Income
Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased
$18 million, or 8%, to $238 million for 2008 compared with 2007,
primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings combined with lower tax benefits
associated with tax years under examination by the United States Internal
Revenue Service (the “IRS”), amortization of federal investment tax credits
and the domestic production activities deduction; partially offset by higher
production tax credits associated with increased production at wind-powered
generating facilities. The effective tax rates were 34% and 33% for 2008 and
2007, respectively.
46
Year
Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2006
To
facilitate a better understanding of PacifiCorp’s results of operations and
business trends, the following discussion is based on the comparison of the
audited year ended December 31, 2007 to the unaudited year ended
December 31, 2006. Financial information for the year ended
December 31, 2006 is derived from PacifiCorp’s audited consolidated
financial statements for the nine-month transition period ended
December 31, 2006 and PacifiCorp’s unaudited consolidated financial
statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2006.
Operating
Revenue (dollars in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
|
$ | 3,251 | $ | 2,959 | $ | 292 | 10 | % | ||||||||
Wholesale
sales and other
|
1,007 | 1,195 | (188 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
operating revenue
|
$ | 4,258 | $ | 4,154 | $ | 104 | 3 | |||||||||
Average
retail customers (in thousands)
|
1,684 | 1,649 | 35 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Retail
energy sales (GWh)
|
53,390 | 51,797 | 1,593 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Wholesale
energy sales (GWh)
|
13,724 | 13,657 | 67 | - | ||||||||||||
Total
energy sales (GWh)
|
67,114 | 65,454 | 1,660 | 3 |
Retail revenues increased
$292 million, or 10%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$187 million
of increases from higher prices approved by
regulators;
|
|
·
|
$54 million
of increases due to higher average customer usage, primarily as a result
of weather conditions; and
|
|
·
|
$53 million
of increases related to growth in the average number of residential and
commercial customers, primarily in Utah and
Oregon.
|
Wholesale sales and other
revenues decreased $188 million, or 16%, primarily due
to:
|
·
|
$313 million
of decreases due to changes in the fair value of energy sales contracts
accounted for as derivatives; partially offset
by,
|
|
·
|
$126 million
of increases due to higher average prices on wholesale electric
sales.
|
47
Operating
Costs and Expenses (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
$ | 1,768 | $ | 1,845 | $ | 77 | 4 | % | ||||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
1,004 | 1,054 | 50 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
497 | 468 | (29 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
101 | 101 | - | - | ||||||||||||
Total
operating costs and expenses
|
$ | 3,370 | $ | 3,468 | $ | 98 | 3 |
Energy costs decreased
$77 million, or 4%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$364 million
of decreases due to changes in the fair value of energy purchase contracts
accounted for as derivatives;
|
|
·
|
$25 million
of decreases primarily due to the deferral of incurred power costs in
accordance with established adjustment mechanisms;
and
|
|
·
|
$13 million
of decreases due to the prior period loss on the streamflow weather
derivative contract; partially offset
by,
|
|
·
|
$208 million
of natural gas cost increases due to higher average prices and volumes
consumed;
|
|
·
|
$79 million
of coal cost increases substantially due to higher average
prices;
|
|
·
|
$24 million
of increases due to higher average prices of purchased electricity,
substantially offset by lower volumes of purchased electricity;
and
|
|
·
|
$13 million
of increases in transmission costs primarily due to new
contracts.
|
Operations and maintenance expense
decreased $50 million, or 5%, primarily due to:
|
·
|
$36 million
of decreases in employee severance
costs;
|
|
·
|
$27 million
of decreases in employee expenses, substantially due to reduced workforce;
and
|
|
·
|
$10 million
of decreases due to the assessment of penalties related to compliance with
the FERC standards of conduct for transmission in the prior period;
partially offset by
|
|
·
|
$28 million
of increases in maintenance costs and related contracts, primarily
associated with generating facility
overhauls.
|
Depreciation and amortization
expense increased $29 million, or 6%, primarily due to increases in
production plant assets placed in service during 2007.
48
Other
Income (Expense) (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
$ | (314 | ) | $ | (284 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | (11 | )% | |||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
29 | 23 | 6 | 26 | ||||||||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
41 | 23 | 18 | 78 | ||||||||||||
Interest
income
|
15 | 8 | 7 | 88 | ||||||||||||
Other,
net
|
- | 8 | (8 | ) | (100 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
other income (expense)
|
$ | (229 | ) | $ | (222 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | (3 | ) |
Interest expense increased
$30 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding
during 2007.
Allowance for borrowed and equity
funds increased $24 million, or 52%, primarily due to applying
higher prescribed allowance for funds used during construction (“AFUDC”) rates
to higher qualified construction work-in-progress balances during
2007.
Income
Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased
$64 million, or 41%, to $220 million for 2007, primarily due to higher
pre-tax earnings. The effective tax rates were 33% and 34% for 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
To
facilitate a better understanding of PacifiCorp’s results of operations and
business trends, certain portions of the following discussion are based on the
comparison of the audited year ended December 31, 2007 to the unaudited
year ended December 31, 2006. Financial information for the year ended
December 31, 2006 is derived from PacifiCorp’s audited consolidated
financial statements for the nine-month transition period ended
December 31, 2006 and PacifiCorp’s unaudited consolidated financial
statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2006.
Sources
and Uses of Cash
PacifiCorp
depends on both internal and external sources of liquidity to provide working
capital and to fund capital requirements. To the extent funds are not available
to support capital expenditures, projects may be delayed or canceled and
operating income may be reduced. Short-term cash requirements not met by cash
provided by operating activities are generally satisfied with proceeds from
short-term borrowings. Long-term cash needs are met through long-term debt
issuances and through cash capital contributions from PacifiCorp’s indirect
parent company, MEHC. PacifiCorp expects it will need additional periodic equity
contributions from its indirect parent company over the next several years.
Issuance of long-term securities is influenced by levels of short-term debt,
cash flows from operating activities, capital expenditures, market conditions,
regulatory approvals and other considerations.
49
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s total net liquidity available was
$1.1 billion. The components of total net liquidity available are as
follows (in millions):
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$ | 59 | ||
Available
revolving credit facilities
|
$ | 1,395 | ||
Less:
|
||||
Short-term
borrowings and issuance of commercial paper
|
(85 | ) | ||
Letters
of credit and support for variable-rate tax-exempt bond
obligations
|
(258 | ) | ||
Net
revolving credit facilities available
|
$ | 1,052 | ||
Total
net liquidity available
|
$ | 1,111 | ||
Unsecured
revolving credit facilities:
|
||||
Maturity
date
|
2012-2013 | |||
Largest
single bank commitment as a % of total
|
15 | % |
An
inability of financial institutions to honor their commitments could adversely
affect PacifiCorp’s short-term liquidity and ability to meet long-term
commitments.
Operating
Activities
Net cash
flows provided by operating activities increased $168 million to
$992 million during the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to
$824 million during the year ended December 31, 2007, primarily due to
higher retail revenues and lower current income tax expense, primarily due to
the impact of bonus depreciation; partially offset by higher fuel costs and
increased net cash collateral deposited with counterparties.
Net cash
flows provided by operating activities increased $72 million to
$824 million during the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to
$752 million during the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily due to
higher retail revenues and higher net wholesale sales and purchases, partially
offset by the timing of payments and cash collections and higher fuel
costs.
Investing
Activities
Net cash
used in investing activities increased $579 million to $2.1 billion
during the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1.5 billion
during the year ended December 31, 2007, primarily due to PacifiCorp’s
acquisition of Chehalis Power Generating, LLC for a cash purchase price of
$308 million in September 2008 and a $270 million increase in
capital expenditures.
PacifiCorp
acquired from TNA Merchant Projects, Inc., an affiliate of Suez Energy
North America, Inc., 100% of the equity interests of Chehalis Power
Generating, LLC, an entity owning a 520-MW natural gas-fired generating
plant located in Chehalis, Washington. Chehalis Power Generating, LLC was
merged into PacifiCorp immediately following the acquisition.
Actual
capital expenditures, excluding the non-cash allowance for equity funds used
during construction (“equity AFUDC”), were $1.8 billion during the year
ended December 31, 2008 compared to $1.5 billion during the year ended
December 31, 2007 and included the following:
|
·
|
Ongoing
operations projects, excluding the non-cash equity AFUDC, were
$640 million and included new connections related to customer
growth.
|
50
|
·
|
Generation
development, excluding the non-cash equity AFUDC, totaled
$805 million. These expenditures were substantially driven by the
development of PacifiCorp’s wind-powered generating facility portfolio and
included the remaining costs for five wind-powered generating facilities
totaling 382 MW placed in service during the year ended
December 31, 2008. The expenditures also included the construction
costs for the development of three wind-powered generating facilities, of
which 138 MW were placed in service in January 2009 and an additional
99 MW are expected to be placed in service by the end of
2009.
|
|
·
|
Transmission
system expansion and upgrades, excluding the non-cash equity AFUDC, were
$130 million and included costs for the construction of a 135-mile,
double-circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line to be built between the
Populus substation located in southern Idaho and the Terminal substation
located in the Salt Lake City area, one of the first major segments of the
Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project, which is discussed below in
“Capital Expenditures for Fiscal Years 2009 Through 2011.” This
transmission line will be constructed in the Path C Transmission
corridor, a primary transmission corridor in PacifiCorp’s balancing
authority area. PacifiCorp expects to complete construction of this line
in 2010. Effective September 2008, PacifiCorp executed the
engineering, procurement and construction agreement for the Populus to
Terminal segment. PacifiCorp is committed to making additional progress
payments beyond 2008 for the construction of the Populus to Terminal
segment totaling $519 million.
|
|
·
|
Emissions
control equipment, excluding the non-cash equity AFUDC, totaled
$214 million and included the remaining installation costs for
emission control equipment placed in service at the Cholla plant in
May 2008, as well as capital expenditures at the Dave Johnston plant
related to the addition of a new sulfur dioxide scrubber on Unit 3
and the replacement of an existing scrubber on Unit 4, which are
expected to be placed into service during 2010 and 2012,
respectively.
|
Net cash
used in investing activities increased $105 million to $1.5 billion
during the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.4 billion
during the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily due to higher capital
expenditures. Capital expenditures totaled $1.5 billion during the year
ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.4 billion during the year
ended December 31, 2006. Capital spending increased primarily due to
wind-powered generating facility investments of $575 million, including the
completion of the 140-MW Marengo wind-powered generating plant and additional
investments for the Goodnoe Hills, Marengo II, Glenrock, Rolling Hills and
Seven Mile Hill wind-powered generating facilities. Additional increases
resulted from the construction of various capital projects related to
transmission, distribution and other generating facilities. These increases were
partially offset by decreases in expenditures as compared to the previous year
for the construction of the 548-MW Lake Side plant, which commenced full
combined-cycle operation in September 2007.
Financing
Activities
Short-Term
Debt and Revolving Credit Agreements
PacifiCorp’s
short-term debt increased $85 million during the year ended
December 31, 2008, primarily due to capital expenditures, acquisitions and
scheduled maturities of long-term debt, partially offset by net cash from
operating activities, proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, utilization
of temporary cash investments and $450 million of capital contributions
received during the period.
Regulatory
authorities limit PacifiCorp to $1.5 billion of short-term debt, of which
an aggregate principal amount of $85 million was outstanding as of
December 31, 2008, with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.0%. In
January 2009, PacifiCorp repaid its outstanding short-term debt with
proceeds from its January 2009 long-term debt issuance discussed
below.
PacifiCorp
had no short-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2007, a decrease of
$397 million compared to December 31, 2006. The decrease in short-term
debt was primarily due to the proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and
the capital contributions received during the year, partially offset by capital
expenditures and maturities of long-term securities in excess of net cash
provided by operating activities.
For
further discussion, refer to Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
51
Long-Term
Debt
In
addition to the debt issuances discussed herein, PacifiCorp made scheduled
repayments on long-term debt totaling $412 million and $126 million
during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and
$211 million during the nine-month period ended December 31,
2006.
In
January 2009, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 5.50% First
Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2019 and $650 million of its 6.00%
First Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2039.
In July
2008, PacifiCorp issued $500 million of its 5.65% First Mortgage Bonds due
July 15, 2018 and $300 million of its 6.35% First Mortgage Bonds due
July 15, 2038.
In March
2007, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 5.75% First Mortgage Bonds due
April 1, 2037.
In
October 2007, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 6.25% First Mortgage
Bonds due October 15, 2037.
In August
2006, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 6.10% Series of First Mortgage
Bonds due August 1, 2036.
In
September 2008, PacifiCorp acquired $216 million of its insured
variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations due to the significant reduction in
market liquidity for insured variable-rate obligations. In November 2008,
the associated insurance and related standby bond purchase agreements were
terminated and these variable-rate long-term debt obligations were remarketed
with credit enhancement and liquidity support provided by $220 million of
letters of credit issued under PacifiCorp’s two unsecured revolving credit
facilities.
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had $517 million of letters of credit
available to provide credit enhancement and liquidity support for variable-rate
tax-exempt bond obligations totaling $504 million plus interest. These
committed bank arrangements were fully available at December 31, 2008 and
expire periodically through May 2012.
In
January 2008, PacifiCorp received regulatory authority from the OPUC and
the IPUC to issue up to an additional $2.0 billion of long-term debt.
PacifiCorp must make a notice filing with the WUTC prior to any future issuance.
Also in January 2008, PacifiCorp filed a shelf registration statement with
the SEC covering future first mortgage bond issuances. PacifiCorp’s long-term
debt issuances in January 2009 and during the year ended December 31,
2008 were covered under the above-noted regulatory authorities and shelf
registration statement.
PacifiCorp’s
Mortgage and Deed of Trust creates a lien on most of PacifiCorp’s electric
utility property, allowing the issuance of bonds based on a percentage of
utility property additions, bond credits arising from retirement of previously
outstanding bonds or deposits of cash. The amount of bonds that PacifiCorp may
issue generally is also subject to a net earnings test. As of December 31,
2008, PacifiCorp estimated it would be able to issue up to $4.8 billion of
new first mortgage bonds under the most restrictive issuance test in the
mortgage. Any issuances are subject to market conditions and amounts may be
further limited by regulatory authorizations or commitments or by covenants and
tests contained in other financing agreements. PacifiCorp also has the ability
to release property from the lien of the mortgage on the basis of property
additions, bond credits or deposits of cash.
PacifiCorp
may from time to time seek to acquire its outstanding securities through cash
purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise.
Any debt securities repurchased by PacifiCorp may be reissued or resold by
PacifiCorp from time to time and will depend on prevailing market conditions,
PacifiCorp’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
The amounts involved may be material.
52
Preferred
Stock Redemptions
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp redeemed 375,000 shares
totaling $38 million of its $7.48 No Par Serial Preferred Stock
Series, representing the remaining outstanding shares of preferred stock subject
to mandatory redemption.
PacifiCorp
redeemed 75,000 shares totaling $8 million of preferred stock subject
to mandatory and optional redemption during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006.
Common
Shareholder’s Equity
Cash
capital contributions from PacifiCorp’s indirect parent company, MEHC, were
$450 million and $200 million during the years ended December 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively, and $215 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006.
Capitalization
PacifiCorp
manages its capitalization and liquidity position to maintain a prudent capital
structure with an objective of retaining strong investment grade credit ratings,
which is expected to facilitate continuing access to flexible borrowing
arrangements at favorable costs and rates. This objective, subject to periodic
review and revision, attempts to balance the interests of all shareholders,
customers and creditors and provide a competitive cost of capital and
predictable capital market access.
As a
result of accounting standards, such as FASB Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable-Interest
Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51
(“FIN 46R”), and
Emerging Issues Task Force No. 01-08, Determining Whether an Arrangement
Is a Lease, it is possible that new purchase power and gas agreements,
transmission arrangements or amendments to existing arrangements may be
accounted for as capital lease obligations or debt on PacifiCorp’s financial
statements. While PacifiCorp has successfully amended covenants in financing
arrangements that may be impacted by these changes, it may be more difficult for
PacifiCorp to comply with its capitalization targets or regulatory commitments
concerning minimum levels of common equity as a percentage of capitalization.
This may lead PacifiCorp to seek amendments or waivers from regulators, delay or
reduce dividends or spending programs, seek additional new equity contributions
from its indirect parent company, MEHC, or take other actions.
Future
Uses of Cash
PacifiCorp
expects to have available a variety of sources of liquidity and capital
resources, both internal and external, including cash flows from operations,
public and private debt offerings, the issuance of commercial paper, the use of
unsecured revolving credit facilities, capital contributions and other sources.
These sources are expected to provide funds required for current operations,
capital expenditures, debt retirements and other capital requirements. The
availability and terms under which PacifiCorp has access to external financing
depends on a variety of factors, including PacifiCorp’s credit ratings,
investors’ judgment of risk and conditions in the overall capital markets,
including the condition of the utility industry in general.
53
In the
United States and most other economies around the world, market and economic
conditions have been unprecedented and challenging compared to recent history,
with more restrictive credit conditions and slowing or contracting growth during
2008. Continued concerns about the availability and cost of credit, the United
States mortgage market and a declining real estate market in the United States
have contributed to increased market volatility and diminished expectations for
the United States economy. During the second half of 2008, a number of large
financial institutions were unable to survive as independent institutions and
others were forced to file for bankruptcy. Other surviving institutions required
multibillion dollar capital infusions. Furthermore, a number of large financial
institutions’ senior unsecured debt was downgraded and placed on credit watch
with negative implications by credit rating agencies. In 2008, the United States
federal government enacted emergency legislation in an attempt to stabilize the
economy, increased the federal deposit insurance, invested billions of dollars
in financial institutions and took other steps to infuse liquidity into the
economy. The global nature of this credit crisis led other governments to
institute similar measures. These conditions, combined with volatile oil, gas
and other commodity prices, declining business and consumer confidence and
increased unemployment, have contributed to volatility of unprecedented levels.
More recently, the federal government enacted the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act.
As a
result of these market conditions, the cost and availability of credit has been
and may continue to be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and
significantly wider credit spreads. Concern about the general stability of the
markets and the credit strength of counterparties has led many lenders and
institutional investors to reduce, and in some cases, cease to provide funding
to borrowers. Continued turbulence in the United States and international
markets and economies may adversely affect PacifiCorp’s liquidity and financial
condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of our customers. Recently,
PacifiCorp and other investment-grade regulated utilities have been able to
issue debt in the capital markets. If these poor market conditions continue, it
may limit PacifiCorp’s ability to access the bank and debt markets to meet
liquidity and capital expenditure needs, resulting in adverse effects on the
timing and amount of PacifiCorp’s capital expenditures, financial condition and
results of operations.
Capital
Expenditures for Fiscal Years 2009 Through 2011
PacifiCorp
has significant future capital requirements. Capital expenditure needs are
reviewed regularly by management and may change significantly as a result of
these reviews, which may consider, among other factors, changes in rules and
regulations, including environmental; changes in income tax laws; general
business conditions; load projections; system reliability standards; the cost
and efficiency of construction labor, equipment and materials; and the cost and
availability of capital. Expenditures for compliance-related items such as
pollution-control technologies, replacement generation, mine reclamation,
hydroelectric relicensing, hydroelectric decommissioning and associated
operating costs are generally incorporated into PacifiCorp’s regulated retail
rates. However, there can be no assurance that costs related to capital
expenditures will be fully recovered from PacifiCorp’s customers, either through
regulated retail rates, long-term arrangements or market prices and the
inability to recover these costs could adversely affect PacifiCorp’s future
financial results.
PacifiCorp
estimates that it will spend approximately $6.1 billion on capital projects
over the next three years, excluding non-cash equity AFUDC. These capital
projects include new generating resources, including renewables; transmission
investments; installation of emissions control equipment on existing generating
facilities; and distribution investments in new connections, lines and
substations. Capital projects for emissions control equipment are expected to
help achieve the commitments agreed to by PacifiCorp and MEHC as described in
Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
54
Forecasted
capital expenditures for the years ended December 31 are as follows
(in millions):
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
||||||||||
Forecasted
capital expenditures*:
|
||||||||||||
Generation
development
|
$ | 266 | $ | 219 | $ | 183 | ||||||
Transmission
expansion
|
640 | 435 | 314 | |||||||||
Environmental
|
365 | 365 | 292 | |||||||||
Operating
projects
|
892 | 1,021 | 1,064 | |||||||||
Total
|
$ | 2,163 | $ | 2,040 | $ | 1,853 |
*
|
Excludes
amounts for non-cash equity AFUDC.
|
The
capital expenditure estimate for generation development projects provided above
for the year ending December 31, 2009 includes the remaining construction
costs for the development of the 99-MW High Plains wind-powered generating
facility that is expected to be placed in service during 2009, as well as the
remaining project costs related to the wind-powered generating facilities placed
in service during the year ended December 31, 2008 and those placed in
service in January 2009. Evaluation and development efforts are in progress
related to additional prospective wind-powered generating facilities scheduled
for completion after 2009.
Capital
projects for transmission expansion include the Energy Gateway Transmission
Expansion Project, an investment plan to build approximately 2,000 miles of
new high-voltage transmission lines primarily in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Oregon
and the desert Southwest. The plan, with an estimated cost exceeding
$6.1 billion, includes projects that will address customer load growth,
improve system reliability and deliver energy from new wind-powered and other
renewable generating resources throughout PacifiCorp’s six-state service area
and the Western United States. Certain transmission segments associated with
this plan are expected to be placed in service beginning 2010, with other
segments placed in service through 2018, depending on siting, permitting and
construction schedules. In July 2008, PacifiCorp filed a petition for
declaratory order with the FERC to confirm incentive rate treatment for the
Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project described in “Transmission and
Distribution” in Item 1 of this Form 10-K. In October 2008, the
FERC granted a 200-basis-point (two-percentage-point) incentive rate adder to
PacifiCorp’s base return on equity for seven of the eight project segments,
subject to a future Section 205 rate case filing with the FERC. The FERC did not
preclude PacifiCorp from filing for incentive rate treatment for the remaining
segment at a future date. Also included in the above estimate is PacifiCorp’s
commitment for transmission and distribution investments resulting from MEHC’s
acquisition of PacifiCorp.
The
capital expenditure estimate for environmental projects includes emissions
control equipment to meet anticipated air quality and visibility targets and the
reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions. This estimate includes additions at the
Dave Johnston plant for a new sulfur dioxide scrubber on Unit 3 and the
replacement of an existing scrubber on Unit 4, which are expected to be
completed in 2010 and 2012, respectively.
Capital
expenditures related to operating projects consist of recurring expenditures for
distribution, transmission, generation, mining and other infrastructure needed
to service existing and expected demand.
55
PacifiCorp
is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations with regard to air
and water quality, RPS, hazardous and solid waste disposal and other
environmental matters. The future costs (beyond existing planned capital
expenditures) of complying with applicable environmental laws, regulations and
rules cannot yet be reasonably estimated but are expected to be material to
PacifiCorp. In particular, future mandates, including those associated with
addressing the issue of global climate change, may impact the operation of
PacifiCorp’s generating facilities and may require PacifiCorp to reduce
emissions at its facilities through the installation of additional emission
control equipment or to purchase additional emission allowances or offsets in
the future. PacifiCorp is not aware of any proven commercially available
technology that eliminates or captures and stores carbon dioxide emissions
from coal-fired and gas-fired generating facilities, and PacifiCorp is
uncertain when, or if, such technology will be commercially available. Refer to
Environmental Regulation in Item 1 of this Form 10-K for a detailed discussion
of the topic.
Investment
Trust Valuation
PacifiCorp
sponsors a defined benefit pension plan and a postretirement benefit plan (the
“Plans”) that cover the majority of its employees. During the year ended
December 31, 2008, the funded status of the Plans declined by
$277 million. The actual loss on the plan assets for the year ended
December 31, 2008 was $327 million, or 24% of the $1.3 billion
fair value of plan assets held as of December 31, 2007. Changes in the fair
value of plan assets did not have an impact on earnings for 2008; however, the
poor performance contributed to an increase of $337 million in net
regulatory assets related to amounts not yet recognized as components of net
periodic benefit costs. The net regulatory asset represents amounts recoverable
from customers in the future. Reduced benefit plan assets will result in
increased benefit costs in future years and will increase the amount and
accelerate the timing of required future funding contributions.
56
Obligations
and Commitments
Contractual
Obligations
The
following table shows PacifiCorp’s contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2008 (in millions):
Payments
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||||
2009
|
2010-2011 | 2012-2013 |
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||
Long-term
debt, including interest:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed-rate
obligations
|
$ | 449 | $ | 1,200 | $ | 747 | $ | 8,200 | $ | 10,596 | ||||||||||
Variable-rate
obligations (1)
|
5 | 11 | 51 | 535 | 602 | |||||||||||||||
Short-term
debt, including interest
|
85 | - | - | - | 85 | |||||||||||||||
Capital
leases, including interest (2)
|
13 | 17 | 20 | 106 | 156 | |||||||||||||||
Operating
leases
|
5 | 8 | 7 | 36 | 56 | |||||||||||||||
Asset
retirement obligations (3)
|
27 | 36 | 13 | 547 | 623 | |||||||||||||||
Power
purchase agreements: (4)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity
commodity contracts
|
234 | 224 | 57 | 236 | 751 | |||||||||||||||
Electricity
capacity contracts
|
164 | 382 | 255 | 1,215 | 2,016 | |||||||||||||||
Electricity
mixed contracts
|
21 | 37 | 35 | 177 | 270 | |||||||||||||||
Transmission
|
80 | 146 | 122 | 545 | 893 | |||||||||||||||
Fuel
purchase agreements: (4)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Natural
gas supply and transportation
|
232 | 330 | 53 | 124 | 739 | |||||||||||||||
Coal
supply and transportation
|
287 | 365 | 232 | 982 | 1,866 | |||||||||||||||
Other
purchase obligations
(5)
|
966 | 533 | 78 | 128 | 1,705 | |||||||||||||||
Other
long-term liabilities (6)
|
61 | 12 | 6 | 72 | 151 | |||||||||||||||
Total
contractual cash obligations
|
$ | 2,629 | $ | 3,301 | $ | 1,676 | $ | 12,903 | $ | 20,509 |
(1)
|
Consists
of principal and interest for tax-exempt bond obligations with interest
rates scheduled to reset within the next 12 months. Future variable
interest rates are set at December 31, 2008 rates. Refer to “Interest
Rate Risk” in Item 7A of this Form 10-K for additional
discussion related to variable-rate liabilities.
|
(2)
|
Excluded
from these amounts are approximately $46 million of capital lease
executory costs, including taxes, maintenance and
insurance.
|
(3)
|
Represents
expected cash payments adjusted for inflation for estimated costs to
perform legally required asset retirement activities.
|
(4)
|
Commodity
contracts are agreements for the delivery of energy. Capacity contracts
are agreements that provide rights to energy output, generally of a
specified generating facility. Forecasted or other applicable estimated
prices were used to determine total dollar value of the commitments for
purposes of the table.
|
(5)
|
Includes
minimum commitments primarily for the construction, development and
maintenance of generation and transmission facilities. The other purchase
obligation amounts consist of items which PacifiCorp is contractually
obligated to purchase from a third party as of December 31, 2008.
These amounts constitute the known portion of PacifiCorp’s expected future
expenses. For purposes of identifying and accumulating purchase
obligations, PacifiCorp has included all contracts meeting the definition
of a purchase obligation (legally binding and specifying all significant
terms, including fixed or minimum amount or quantity to be purchased and
the approximate timing of the transaction). For those contracts involving
a fixed or minimum quantity but variable pricing, PacifiCorp has estimated
the contractual obligation based on its best estimate of pricing that will
be in effect at the time the obligation is incurred.
|
(6)
|
Includes
environmental and hydroelectric relicensing commitments recorded in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets that are contractually or legally binding and
contributions expected to be made to the PacifiCorp Retirement Plan during
2009 as disclosed in Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Excludes regulatory
liabilities and employee benefit plan obligations that are not legally or
contractually fixed as to timing and amount. Deferred income taxes are
excluded since cash payments are based primarily on taxable income for
each year. Uncertain tax positions are also excluded because the amounts
and timing of cash payments are not
certain.
|
57
Commercial
Commitments
PacifiCorp’s
commercial commitments include surety bonds that provide indemnities for
PacifiCorp in relation to various commitments it has to third parties for
obligations in the event of default on behalf of PacifiCorp. In the event of
default by PacifiCorp, the bonding agency would seek recovery from PacifiCorp in
the amount of the bond. The majority of these bonds are continuous in nature and
renew annually. Based on current contractual commitments, PacifiCorp’s level of
surety bonding after December 31, 2008 is estimated to be approximately
$25 million per year. This estimate is based on current information and
actual amounts may vary due to rate changes or changes to the general operations
of PacifiCorp.
Regulatory
Matters
PacifiCorp
is subject to comprehensive regulation by the UPSC, the OPUC, the
WPSC, the WUTC, the IPUC and the CPUC. PacifiCorp pursues a regulatory program
in all states, with the objective of keeping rates closely aligned to ongoing
costs. PacifiCorp has separate power cost recovery mechanisms in Oregon, Wyoming
and California. The following discussion provides a state-by-state
update.
Utah
In
December 2007, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC
requesting an annual increase of $161 million, or an average price increase
of 11% based on a test period ended June 2009. The increase was primarily
due to increased capital spending and net power costs, both of which are driven
by load growth. In March 2008, PacifiCorp filed supplemental testimony
reducing the requested rate increase to $100 million. The decrease was
primarily a result of a UPSC-ordered change in the test period to the year ended
December 2008 and reductions associated with recent UPSC orders on
depreciation rate changes and two deferred accounting requests. Subsequently,
hearings were held on the revenue requirement portion of the case and PacifiCorp
filed additional testimony. In August 2008, the UPSC issued its revenue
requirement order in the case, increasing rates by $36 million, or 3%. The
new rates became effective August 13, 2008. In September 2008,
PacifiCorp filed a petition for reconsideration of several elements of the
order. In October 2008, the UPSC issued an order on the reconsideration
petition allowing PacifiCorp to recover an additional $3 million, bringing
the total rate increase to $39 million. A settlement that provides for an
equal percentage increase to all tariff customers was reached in the rate-design
phase of the case and was approved by the UPSC.
In
July 2008, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC requesting an
annual increase of $161 million, or an average price increase of 11%, prior
to any consideration for the UPSC’s order in the December 2007 case
described above. In September 2008, PacifiCorp filed supplemental testimony
that reflected then-current revenues and other adjustments based on the
August 2008 order in the 2007 general rate case. The supplemental filing
reduced PacifiCorp’s request to $115 million. In October 2008, the
UPSC issued an order changing the test period from the twelve months ending
June 2009 using end-of-period rate base to the forecast calendar year 2009
using average rate base. In December 2008, PacifiCorp updated its filing to
reflect the change in the test period. The updated filing proposes an increase
of $116 million, or an average price increase of 8%. The UPSC issued an
order resetting the beginning of the 240-day statutory time period required to
process the case to the date of the September 2008 supplemental filing.
Based on the new time period, the new rates, if approved, will become effective
in May 2009. In February 2009, a settlement agreement was reached
among the parties who had filed testimony in the cost of capital phase of the
rate case. A stipulation was filed with the UPSC requesting that the UPSC set
the weighted cost of capital at 8.4%.
58
Oregon
In
April 2008, PacifiCorp made its first annual RAC filing to recover the
revenue requirement related to eligible new renewable resources and associated
transmission under the OREA that are not reflected in general rates. PacifiCorp
requested an annual increase of $39 million on an Oregon-allocated basis,
or an average price increase of 4%. In November 2008, the OPUC issued an
order approving the RAC request with certain modifications. The OPUC excluded
Oregon’s share of the costs for the 99-MW Rolling Hills wind-powered generating
plant from the request on the basis that PacifiCorp failed to prove the resource
was prudently acquired. The OPUC’s finding was primarily based on the conclusion
that the capacity factor was less favorable compared to other Wyoming
wind-powered generating projects. In December 2008 and January 2009,
PacifiCorp submitted compliance filings consistent with the OPUC order that
together reduced the requested increase by $8 million to $31 million,
or an average price increase of 3%. The commission approved $25 million, or
2%, to go into effect on January 1, 2009. The commission approved an
additional $6 million, or 1%, to go into effect on January 21, 2009
for the 99-MW Seven Mile Hill wind-powered generating plant.
In
July 2008, as part of its annual TAM, PacifiCorp filed updated forecasted
net power costs for 2009. PacifiCorp proposed a net power cost increase of
$57 million on an Oregon-allocated basis, or an average price increase of
6%. In September 2008, PacifiCorp filed a stipulation agreement reducing
the proposed net power cost increase to $34 million on an Oregon-allocated
basis, or an average price increase of 2%. The stipulation agreement was
approved by the OPUC in November 2008. The forecasted net power costs were
updated again in November 2008 for OPUC-ordered changes, changes to the
forward price curve and new wholesale sales and purchases. In
December 2008, PacifiCorp submitted a compliance filing in the TAM
proceeding that reflected final forecasted net power costs and direct access
transition adjustments for 2009. The compliance filing reduced PacifiCorp’s
request by an additional $15 million on an Oregon-allocated basis, which
resulted in an increase of $9 million, or an average price increase of 1%,
after adjusting for load growth. The compliance filing was approved in
December 2008 and the new rates became effective January 1,
2009.
For a
discussion of SB 408, refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Wyoming
In
June 2007, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an
annual increase of $36 million, or an average price increase of 8%. In
addition, PacifiCorp requested approval of a new renewable resource recovery
mechanism and a marginal cost pricing tariff to better reflect the cost of
adding new generation. In January 2008, PacifiCorp reached a settlement in
principle with parties to the case. The settlement provided for an annual rate
increase of $23 million, or an average price increase of 5%. In addition,
the parties also agreed to modify the current PCAM to use forecasted power costs
in the future and to terminate the PCAM by April 2011, unless a
continuation is specifically applied for by PacifiCorp and approved by the WPSC.
PacifiCorp’s marginal cost pricing tariff proposal will not be implemented, but
will be the subject of a collaborative process to seek a new pricing proposal.
Also as part of the settlement, PacifiCorp agreed to withdraw from this filing
its request for a renewable resource recovery mechanism. The stipulation was
approved by the WPSC in March 2008. The new rates were effective
May 1, 2008.
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed its annual PCAM application with the WPSC
for costs incurred during the period December 1, 2006 through
November 30, 2007. In March 2008, the WPSC approved PacifiCorp’s
request on an interim basis effective April 1, 2008, resulting in a rate
increase of $31 million, or an average price increase of 8%, to recover
deferred power costs over a one-year period. In August 2008, PacifiCorp
reached an agreement with parties to the case to adjust the rate increase to
$29 million. In November 2008, the WPSC issued an order approving the
stipulation agreement. The interim rates were revised to reflect the
$29 million increase approved in the stipulation agreement and became
effective October 15, 2008.
59
In
July 2008, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an
annual increase of $34 million, or an average price increase of 7%, with an
effective date in May 2009. Power costs have been excluded from the filing
and will be addressed separately in PacifiCorp’s annual PCAM application in
February 2009. In October 2008, the general rate case request was
reduced by $5 million, to $29 million, to reflect a change in the
in-service date of the High Plains wind-powered generating plant.
In
February 2009, PacifiCorp filed its annual PCAM application with the WPSC.
Pursuant to tariff changes made in the 2007 general rate case, the 2009 PCAM
application includes a request to recover $27 million of deferred net power
costs during the period December 1, 2007 through November 30, 2008 and to
establish a new forecast base net power cost using the test period
December 1, 2008 through November 30, 2009. The net effect of the
deferred and forecast base net power cost is an increase in Wyoming rates of
$19 million, or 4%. The tariff governing the power cost adjustment
mechanism requires an effective date of April 1, 2009.
Washington
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC for an
annual increase of $35 million, or an average price increase of 15%. In
August 2008, PacifiCorp filed with the WUTC an all-party settlement
agreement in which the parties agreed to an overall rate increase of
$20 million, or 9%. The settlement was approved by the WUTC in
October 2008 with the new rates effective October 15, 2008. The
increase is composed of an $18 million increase to base rates, as well as a
$2 million annual surcharge for approximately three years related to
recovery of higher power costs incurred in 2005 due to poor hydroelectric
conditions. PacifiCorp agreed to drop the current proposal for a generation cost
adjustment mechanism and further committed not to propose such a mechanism in
the next general rate case.
In
February 2009, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC for an
annual increase of $39 million, or an average price increase of 15%. The
expected effective date for the rate change is January 11, 2010. The filing
includes a request to begin collection of a deferral for costs associated with
the 520-MW Chehalis natural gas-fired generating plant prior to its inclusion in
rate base beginning in January 2010. The associated costs are estimated at
$15 million. PacifiCorp has proposed to recover these costs through an
extension in the hydroelectric deferral mechanism and thereby not affecting
current customer rates.
Idaho
In
September 2008, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC for an
annual increase of $6 million, or an average price increase of 4%. The
increase is primarily due to increased capital spending and net power costs. If
approved, the new rates will become effective April 18, 2009. In
February 2009, a settlement signed by PacifiCorp, the IPUC staff and
intervening parties was filed with the IPUC resolving all issues in the
2008 general rate case. The agreement stipulates a $4 million
increase, or 3% average rate increase, for non-contract retail customers in
Idaho. As part of the stipulation, intervening parties acknowledged the
following: PacifiCorp’s acquisition of the Chehalis, Washington plant was
prudent and the investment should be included in PacifiCorp’s revenue
requirement; PacifiCorp has demonstrated that its demand-side management
programs are prudent; and a base level of net power costs is established for any
future energy cost adjustment mechanism calculations if a mechanism is adopted
in Idaho. In February 2009, parties to the stipulation will file supporting
testimony recommending the IPUC approve the stipulation as filed. Public
hearings are scheduled in March 2009.
In
October 2008, PacifiCorp filed a request with the IPUC for approval of an
annual ECAM to defer for later recovery in rates the difference between base net
power costs set during a general rate case and actual net power costs incurred
by PacifiCorp. If approved, PacifiCorp would file an application with the IPUC
annually to adjust the ECAM surcharge rate to refund or collect the ECAM
deferred balance from the end of the prior calendar year.
60
California
In 2008,
PacifiCorp made filings with the CPUC requesting rate increases pursuant to the
post-test year adjustment mechanism and the energy cost adjustment clause
totaling $5 million, or average price increases totaling 6%. All requests
were approved by the CPUC and the rates became effective various dates from
August 23, 2008 through January 1, 2009.
In
February 2009, PacifiCorp filed a post test year adjustment mechanism for
major capital additions amounting to a rate adjustment of $1 million, or
2%. The filing includes the addition of four major renewable resources; the
99-MW Seven Mile Hill, the 99-MW Glenrock, the 39-MW Glenrock III and the 99-MW
Rolling Hills wind-powered generating facilities. The expected effective date
for the price change is March 19, 2009.
Depreciation
Rate Changes
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed applications with the regulatory commissions
in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington and Idaho to change its rates of
depreciation prospectively based on a new depreciation study. PacifiCorp
received approval to change the depreciation rates effective January 1,
2008. The OPUC order required additional modifications related to the
depreciation lives of coal-fired generating facilities, which were approved in
August 2008. The revised depreciation rates generally reflect an extension
of the lives of PacifiCorp’s assets and resulted in a benefit to pre-tax income
during the year ended December 31, 2008 of approximately
$47 million.
Credit
Ratings
Debt and
preferred securities of PacifiCorp are rated by nationally recognized credit
rating agencies. Assigned credit ratings are based on each rating agency’s
assessment of PacifiCorp’s ability to, in general, meet the obligations of its
issued debt or preferred securities. The credit ratings are not a recommendation
to buy, sell or hold securities, and there is no assurance that a particular
credit rating will continue for any given period of time. PacifiCorp’s credit
ratings at January 31, 2009 were as follows:
Moody’s
|
Standard
& Poor’s
|
||
Issuer/Corporate
|
Baa1
|
A-
|
|
Senior secured debt
|
A3
|
A-
|
|
Senior unsecured debt
|
Baa1
|
A-
|
|
Preferred stock
|
Baa3
|
BBB
|
|
Commercial paper
|
P-2
|
A-1
|
|
Outlook
|
Stable
|
Negative
|
PacifiCorp
has no credit rating-downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity dates
of outstanding debt and a change in ratings is not an event of default under
applicable debt instruments. PacifiCorp’s unsecured revolving credit facilities
do not require the maintenance of a minimum credit rating level in order to draw
upon their availability. However, commitment fees and interest rates under the
credit facilities are tied to credit ratings and increase or decrease when the
ratings change. A rating downgrade could also increase the future cost of
commercial paper, short- and long-term debt issuances or new credit facilities.
Certain authorizations or exemptions by regulatory commissions for the issuance
of securities are valid as long as PacifiCorp maintains investment grade ratings
on senior secured debt. A downgrade below that level would necessitate new
regulatory applications and approvals.
61
A change
to PacifiCorp’s credit rating could result in the requirement to post cash
collateral, letters of credit or other similar credit support under certain
agreements related to its procurement or sale of electricity, natural gas, coal
and other supplies. In accordance with industry practice, PacifiCorp’s
agreements may either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or
other security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed certain
ratings-dependent threshold levels, or provide the right for counterparties to
demand “adequate assurances” in the event of a material adverse change in
PacifiCorp’s creditworthiness. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s credit
ratings from the three recognized credit rating agencies were investment grade;
however, if the ratings fell one rating below investment grade, PacifiCorp’s
collateral requirements would increase by approximately $356 million.
Additional collateral requirements would be necessary if ratings fell further
than one rating below investment grade. PacifiCorp’s collateral requirements
could fluctuate considerably due to seasonality, market price volatility, a loss
of key PacifiCorp generating facilities or other related factors.
Limitations
In
addition to PacifiCorp’s capital structure objectives, its debt capacity is also
governed by its contractual and regulatory commitments.
PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit and other financing agreements contain customary covenants and
default provisions, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1. Management believes that
PacifiCorp could have borrowed an additional $5.5 billion as of
December 31, 2008 without exceeding this threshold. Any additional
borrowings would be subject to market conditions and amounts may be further
limited by regulatory authorizations or by covenants and tests contained in
other financing agreements.
The state
regulatory orders that authorized the acquisition by MEHC contain restrictions
on PacifiCorp’s ability to pay common dividends to the extent that they would
reduce PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below specified percentages of defined
capitalization.
As of
December 31, 2008, the most restrictive of these commitments prohibits
PacifiCorp from making any distribution to PPW Holdings LLC or MEHC
without prior state regulatory approval to the extent that it would reduce
PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below 48.25% of its total capitalization,
excluding short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt. From
January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009, the minimum level of common
equity required by this commitment is 47.25%. After December 31, 2009, this
minimum level of common equity declines annually to 44% after December 31,
2011. The terms of this commitment treat 50% of PacifiCorp’s remaining balance
of preferred stock in existence prior to the acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC
as common equity. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s actual common stock
equity percentage, as calculated under this measure, was 52.6%, and PacifiCorp
had $945 million available to dividend.
These
commitments also restrict PacifiCorp from making any distributions to either
PPW Holdings LLC or MEHC if PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt is rated BBB-
or lower by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services or
Fitch Ratings or Baa3 or lower by Moody’s Investor Service, as indicated by
two of the three rating services. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s
unsecured debt was rated A- by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services,
BBB+ by Fitch Ratings and Baa1 by Moody’s Investor Service.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
PacifiCorp
from time to time enters into arrangements in the normal course of business to
facilitate commercial transactions with third parties that involve guarantees or
similar arrangements. PacifiCorp currently has indemnification obligations for
breaches of warranties or covenants in connection with the sale of certain
assets. In addition, PacifiCorp evaluates potential obligations that arise out
of variable interests in unconsolidated entities, determined in accordance with
FIN 46R. PacifiCorp believes that the likelihood that it would be required
to perform or otherwise incur any significant losses associated with any of
these obligations is remote. Refer to Notes 10 and 17 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for more
information on these obligations and arrangements.
62
New
Accounting Pronouncements
For a
discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting PacifiCorp, refer to
Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8
of this Form 10-K.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Certain
accounting policies require management to make estimates and judgments
concerning transactions that will be settled several years in the future.
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements from such estimates
are necessarily based on numerous assumptions involving varying and potentially
significant degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts
currently reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements will likely
increase or decrease in the future as additional information becomes available.
The following critical accounting policies are impacted significantly by
judgments, assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Accounting
for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
PacifiCorp
prepares its financial statements in accordance with the provisions of Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 71, Accounting for the Effects of
Certain Types of Regulation (“SFAS No. 71”), which differs in
certain respects from the application of accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) by non-regulated businesses.
In general, SFAS No. 71 recognizes that accounting for rate-regulated
enterprises should reflect the economic effects of regulation. As a result, a
regulated entity is required to defer the recognition of costs or income if it
is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding
increase or decrease in future rates. Accordingly, PacifiCorp has deferred
certain costs and income that will be recognized in earnings over various future
periods.
Management
continually evaluates the applicability of SFAS No. 71 and assesses
whether its regulatory assets are probable of future recovery by considering
factors such as a change in the regulator’s approach to setting rates from
cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions or
the impact of competition, which could limit PacifiCorp’s ability to recover its
costs. Based upon this continual assessment, management believes the application
of SFAS No. 71 continues to be appropriate and its existing regulatory
assets are probable of recovery. The assessment reflects the current political
and regulatory climate at both the state and federal levels and is subject to
change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that these costs will be
recovered, the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities would be written off
and recognized in operating income. Total regulatory assets were
$1.6 billion and total regulatory liabilities were $821 million as of
December 31, 2008. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information
regarding PacifiCorp’s regulatory assets and regulatory
liabilities.
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, principally
natural gas and electricity. PacifiCorp employs established policies and
procedures to manage its risks associated with these market fluctuations using
various commodity derivative instruments, including forward contracts, options,
swaps and other agreements.
63
Measurement
Principles
Derivative
instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or
liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal
purchases and normal sales and qualify for the exemption afforded by GAAP. The
fair value of derivative instruments is determined using unadjusted quoted
prices for identical instruments on the applicable exchange in which PacifiCorp
transacts, when available, or forward price curves. Forward price curves
represent PacifiCorp’s estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller could
contract today for delivery or settlement at future dates. PacifiCorp bases its
forward price curves upon market price quotations, when available, or internally
developed and commercial models, with internal and external fundamental data
inputs. Market price quotations are obtained from independent brokers,
exchanges, direct communication with market participants and actual transactions
executed by PacifiCorp. Market price quotations for certain major electricity
and natural gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the first six
years, and therefore, PacifiCorp’s forward price curves for those locations and
periods reflect observable market inputs. For market price quotations for other
electricity and natural gas trading points that are not readily obtainable for
the first six years or if the instrument is not actively traded, PacifiCorp uses
forward price curves derived from internal models based on perceived pricing
relationships to major trading hubs that are based on significant unobservable
inputs. The fair value of these derivative instruments is a function of
underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related
volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration of contracts. The
assumptions used in these models are critical, since any changes in assumptions
could have a significant impact on the fair value of the contracts.
Classification
and Recognition Methodology
Substantially
all of PacifiCorp’s derivative contracts are probable of recovery in rates or
are accounted for as cash flow hedges. Therefore, changes in fair value are
recorded as a net regulatory asset or liability or accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”). Accordingly, amounts are generally not
recognized in earnings until the contracts are settled. As of December 31,
2008, PacifiCorp had $442 million recorded as a net regulatory asset and
$- million recorded as AOCI, before tax, related to these contracts in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes no longer probable that a contract
will be recovered in rates, the regulatory asset will be written off and
recognized in earnings. For contracts in hedge relationships (“hedge
contracts”), PacifiCorp discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it has
determined that a derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or when
it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When
hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative no longer qualifies as
an effective hedge, future changes in the value of the derivative are charged to
earnings. Gains and losses related to discontinued hedges that were previously
recorded in AOCI will remain in AOCI until the hedged item is realized, unless
it is probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, at which
time associated deferred amounts in AOCI are immediately recognized in
earnings.
Pensions
and Other Postretirement Benefits
PacifiCorp
sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that
cover the majority of its employees. In addition, certain bargaining unit
employees participate in joint trust plans to which PacifiCorp contributes.
PacifiCorp recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and other
postretirement benefit plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Funded status
is the fair value of plan assets minus the benefit obligation as of the
measurement date. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp recognized a
liability totaling $583 million for the under-funded status of its defined
benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. As of December 31,
2008, amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost and
that were included in regulatory assets totaled $564 million.
64
The
expense and benefit obligations relating to PacifiCorp’s pension and other
postretirement benefit plans are based on actuarial valuations. Inherent in
these valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, expected
long-term rate of return on plan assets and health care cost trend rates. These
actuarial assumptions are reviewed annually and modified as appropriate.
PacifiCorp believes that the assumptions utilized in recording obligations under
the Plans are reasonable based on prior experience and market conditions.
Through the year ended December 31, 2007, plan assets and benefit
obligations were measured as of September 30, three months prior to
PacifiCorp’s fiscal year end. In 2008, PacifiCorp began measuring its plan
assets and benefit obligations as of its fiscal year end, December 31.
Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information regarding the change in
measurement date and for disclosures about PacifiCorp’s pension and other
postretirement benefit plans, including the key assumptions used to calculate
the funded status and net periodic benefit cost for these plans as of and for
the year ended December 31, 2008.
In
establishing its assumption as to the expected long-term rate of return on plan
assets, PacifiCorp reviews the expected asset allocation and develops return
assumptions for each asset class based on historical performance and
forward-looking views of the financial markets. Pension and other postretirement
benefit expenses increase as the expected long-term rate of return on plan
assets decreases. PacifiCorp regularly reviews its actual asset allocations and
periodically rebalances its investments to its targeted allocations when
considered appropriate.
PacifiCorp
chooses a discount rate based upon high quality fixed-income investment yields
in effect as of the measurement date that corresponds to the expected benefit
period. The pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities, as well as
expenses, increase as the discount rate is reduced.
PacifiCorp
chooses a health care cost trend rate that reflects the near and long-term
expectations of increases in medical costs. The health care cost trend rate
gradually declines to 5% by 2012 for participants under 65 and by 2010 for
participants over 65, at which point the rate is assumed to remain
constant. Refer to Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K for health care cost trend rate sensitivity
disclosures.
The
actuarial assumptions used may differ materially from period to period due to
changing market and economic conditions. These differences may result in a
significant impact to the amount of pension and other postretirement benefit
expense recorded and the funded status. If changes were to occur for the
following assumptions, the approximate effect on the financial statements would
be as follows (in millions):
Other Postretirement
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension Plans
|
Benefit Plan
|
|||||||||||||||
+0.5% | -0.5% | +0.5% | -0.5% | |||||||||||||
Effect
on December 31, 2008 benefit obligations
|
||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
$ | (51 | ) | $ | 55 | $ | (29 | ) | $ | 32 | ||||||
Effect
on 2008 periodic cost:
|
||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
$ | (5 | ) | $ | 5 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 3 | ||||||
Expected
rate of return on plan assets
|
(5 | ) | 5 | (2 | ) | 2 |
A variety of factors affect the funded status of the Plans, including asset returns, discount rates, plan changes and the plan funding practices of PacifiCorp. Specifically, the Pension Protection Act of 2006 imposed generally more stringent funding requirements for defined benefit pension plans, particularly for those significantly under-funded, and allowed for greater tax deductible contributions to such plans than previous rules permitted under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. As a result, PacifiCorp may be required to increase future contributions to its qualified pension plan, and there may be more volatility in annual contributions than historically experienced, which could have a material impact on financial results. Refer to “Sources and Uses of Cash” for additional discussion regarding investment trust valuations.
Refer to
Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of
this Form 10-K for information regarding recent changes to the PacifiCorp
Retirement Plan.
65
Income
Taxes
In
determining PacifiCorp’s income taxes, management is required to interpret
complex tax laws and regulations. In preparing tax returns, PacifiCorp is
subject to continuous examinations by federal, state and local tax authorities
that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and
regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes
years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved.
The IRS has closed its examination of PacifiCorp’s income tax returns through
the 2000 tax year. In most cases, state jurisdictions have closed their
examinations of PacifiCorp’s income tax returns through 1993. Although the
ultimate resolution of PacifiCorp’s federal and state tax examinations is
uncertain, PacifiCorp believes it has made adequate provisions for these tax
positions and the aggregate amount of any additional tax liabilities that may
result from these examinations, if any, will not have a material adverse impact
on PacifiCorp’s financial results. Assets and liabilities are established for
uncertain tax positions taken or positions expected to be taken in income tax
returns when such positions are judged to not meet the “more-likely-than-not”
threshold based on the technical merits of the position.
PacifiCorp
is required to pass income tax benefits related to certain property-related
basis differences and other various differences on to its customers in most
state jurisdictions. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset
totaling $409 million as of December 31, 2008, and will be included in
rates when the temporary differences reverse. Management believes the existing
regulatory assets are probable of recovery. If it becomes no longer probable
that these costs will be recovered, the assets would be written off and
recognized in earnings.
PacifiCorp
recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using estimated tax
rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to
reverse.
Revenue
Recognition – Unbilled
Revenues
Unbilled
revenue was $211 million as of December 31, 2008. Revenue is
recognized as electricity is delivered or as services are provided. The
determination of sales to individual customers is based on the reading of the
customer’s meter, which is performed on a systematic basis throughout the month.
At the end of each month, amounts of energy provided to customers since the date
of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue
is recorded. Factors that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy include,
but are not limited to, seasonal weather patterns, historical trends, volumes,
line losses, economic impacts and composition of customer class. Estimates are
generally reversed in the following month and actual revenue is recorded based
on subsequent meter readings. Historically, any differences between the actual
and estimated amounts have been immaterial.
66
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
PacifiCorp’s
Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities with fair values that
are subject to market risks. PacifiCorp’s significant market risks are primarily
associated with commodity prices and interest rates. PacifiCorp is also exposed
to credit risk and has established guidelines for credit risk management. The
following sections address the significant market risks associated with
PacifiCorp’s business activities. The recent unprecedented volatility in the
capital and credit markets has developed rapidly and may create additional risks
in the future. Refer to Notes 2, 6 and 7 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional
information regarding PacifiCorp’s accounting for derivative
contracts.
Risk
Management
PacifiCorp
has a risk management committee that is responsible for the oversight of market
and credit risk relating to the commodity transactions of PacifiCorp. To limit
PacifiCorp’s exposure to market and credit risk, the risk management committee
recommends, and executive management establishes, policies, limits and commodity
strategies, which are reviewed frequently to respond to changing market
conditions.
Risk is
an inherent part of PacifiCorp’s business and activities. The risk management
process established by PacifiCorp is designed to identify, measure, assess,
report and manage market risk exposure in its businesses. To assist in managing
the volatility relating to these exposures, PacifiCorp enters into various
transactions, including derivative transactions, consistent with PacifiCorp’s
risk management policy and procedures. The risk management policy governs energy
transactions and is designed for hedging PacifiCorp’s existing energy and asset
exposures, and to a limited extent, the policy permits arbitrage and trading
activities to take advantage of market inefficiencies. The policy also governs
the types of transactions authorized for use and establishes guidelines for
credit risk management and management information systems required to
effectively monitor such derivative use. PacifiCorp’s risk management policy
provides for the use of only those instruments that have a similar volume or
price relationship to its portfolio of assets, liabilities or anticipated
transactions, thereby ensuring that such instruments will be primarily used for
hedging. PacifiCorp’s portfolio of energy derivatives is substantially used for
non-trading purposes.
PacifiCorp
actively manages its exposure to commodity price volatility. These activities
may include adding to the generation portfolio and entering into transactions
that help to shape PacifiCorp’s system resource portfolio, including wholesale
contracts and financially settled temperature-related derivative instruments
that reduce volume and price risk due to weather extremes.
Commodity
Price Risk
PacifiCorp
is subject to significant commodity price risk. Exposures include variations in
the price of fuel costs to generate electricity and the price of wholesale
electricity that is purchased and sold. Electricity and natural gas prices are
subject to wide price swings as demand responds to, among many other
unpredictable items, changing weather, energy supply and demand, generating
facility performance and transmission constraints. PacifiCorp’s energy purchase
and sales activities are governed by PacifiCorp’s risk management policy and the
risk levels established as part of that policy. Forward contracts are used to
economically hedge both committed and forecasted energy purchases and sales.
Accordingly, the net unrealized gains and losses on those forward contracts that
are accounted for as derivatives, and that are probable of recovery in rates,
are recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities. Financial results may be
negatively impacted if the costs of fuel and purchased electricity are higher
than what is permitted to be recovered in rates.
67
PacifiCorp
measures the market risk in its electricity and natural gas portfolio daily,
utilizing a historical Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) approach and other
measurements of net position. PacifiCorp also monitors its portfolio exposure to
market risk in comparison to established thresholds and measures its open
positions subject to price risk in terms of quantity at each delivery location
for each forward time period. VaR computations for the electricity and natural
gas commodity portfolio are based on a historical simulation technique,
utilizing historical price changes over a specified (holding) period to simulate
potential forward energy market price curve movements to estimate the potential
unfavorable impact of such price changes on the portfolio positions. The
quantification of market risk using VaR provides a consistent measure of risk
across PacifiCorp’s continually changing portfolio. VaR represents an estimate
of possible changes at a given level of confidence in fair value that would be
measured on its portfolio assuming hypothetical movements in forward market
prices and is not necessarily indicative of actual results that may
occur.
PacifiCorp’s
VaR computations utilize several key assumptions. The calculation includes
short-term derivative commodity instruments, the expected resource and demand
obligations from PacifiCorp’s long-term contracts, the expected generation
levels from PacifiCorp’s generation assets and the expected retail and wholesale
load levels. The portfolio reflects flexibility contained in contracts and
assets, which accommodate the normal variability in PacifiCorp’s demand
obligations and generation availability. These contracts and assets are valued
to reflect the variability PacifiCorp experiences as a load-serving entity.
Contracts or assets that contain flexible elements are often referred to as
having embedded options or option characteristics. These options provide for
energy volume changes that are sensitive to market price changes. Therefore,
changes in the option values affect the energy position of the portfolio with
respect to market prices, and this effect is calculated daily. When measuring
portfolio exposure through VaR, these position changes that result from the
option sensitivity are held constant through the historical simulation.
PacifiCorp’s VaR methodology is based on a 48-month forward position, 95%
confidence interval and one-day holding period.
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s estimated potential one-day unfavorable
impact on fair value of the electricity and natural gas commodity portfolio over
the next 48 months was $12 million, as measured by the VaR
computations described above, compared to $14 million as of
December 31, 2007. The minimum, average and maximum daily VaR (one-day
holding periods) were as follows (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years Ended
December 31,
|
Period Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||
Minimum VaR (measured)
|
$ | 9 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | ||||||
Average VaR (calculated)
|
14 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
Maximum VaR (measured)
|
23 | 20 | 16 |
PacifiCorp
maintained compliance with its VaR limit procedures during the year ended
December 31, 2008. Changes in markets inconsistent with historical trends
or assumptions used could cause actual results to exceed predicted
limits.
68
Fair
Value of Derivatives
The
following table shows the changes in the fair value of energy-related derivative
contracts for the year ended December 31, 2008 and quantifies the reasons
for the changes (in millions):
Net
Derivative
|
Net
Regulatory
|
|||||||||||
Net Assets (Liabilities)(1)
|
Assets
|
|||||||||||
Trading
|
Non-trading
|
(Liabilities)
|
||||||||||
Fair
value of contracts outstanding, January 1, 2008
|
$ | - | $ | (256 | ) | $ | 256 | |||||
Contracts
realized or otherwise settled during the period
|
- | (26 | ) | 26 | ||||||||
Other
changes in fair values(2)
|
3 | (81 | ) | 160 | ||||||||
Fair
value of contracts outstanding, December 31, 2008
|
$ | 3 | $ | (363 | ) | $ | 442 |
(1)
|
Net
derivative assets (liabilities) include $82 million of a net asset
for cash collateral.
|
(2)
|
Other
changes in fair values include the effects of changes in market prices,
inflation rates and interest rates, including those based on models, and
on new and existing contracts.
|
PacifiCorp’s
valuation models and assumptions are updated daily to reflect current market
information, and evaluations and refinements of model assumptions are performed
on a periodic basis.
The
following table shows summarized information with respect to valuation
techniques and contractual maturities of PacifiCorp’s energy-related contracts
qualifying as derivatives as of December 31, 2008
(in millions):
Fair
Value of Contracts at Period-End
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Maturity
|
Maturity in
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Less Than
|
Maturity
|
Maturity
|
Excess of
|
Fair
|
||||||||||||||||
1
Year
|
1-3
Years
|
4-5
Years
|
5
Years
|
Value
|
||||||||||||||||
Trading(1):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Values
based on quoted market prices from third-party sources
|
$ | 2 | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 3 | ||||||||||
Non-trading(1):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Values
based on quoted market prices from third-party sources
|
$ | 69 | $ | 60 | $ | (43 | ) | $ | - | $ | 86 | |||||||||
Values
based on models and other valuation methods
|
(27 | ) | (48 | ) | (107 | ) | (267 | ) | (449 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
non-trading
|
$ | 42 | $ | 12 | $ | (150 | ) | $ | (267 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | |||||||
Net
regulatory asset (liability)
|
$ | (21 | ) | $ | 46 | $ | 150 | $ | 267 | $ | 442 |
(1)
|
Net
derivative assets (liabilities) include $82 million of a net asset
for cash collateral.
|
Standardized
derivative contracts that are valued using market quotations are classified as
“values based on quoted market prices from third-party sources.” All remaining
contracts, which include non-standard contracts and contracts for which market
prices are not routinely quoted, are classified as “values based on models and
other valuation methods.” Both classifications utilize market curves as
appropriate for the first six years.
69
The table
that follows summarizes PacifiCorp’s commodity risk on energy derivative
contracts, excluding collateral netting, as of December 31, 2008 and shows
the effects of a hypothetical 10% increase and a 10% decrease in forward market
prices by the expected volumes for these contracts as of that date. The selected
hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst
case scenarios (dollars in millions).
Fair Value
– Asset (Liability)
|
Hypothetical Price
Change
|
Estimated Fair Value
after Hypothetical Change in Price
|
|||||||
As
of December 31, 2008
|
$ | (442 | ) |
10%
increase
|
$ | (415 | ) | ||
10%
decrease
|
(469 | ) |
Interest
Rate Risk
The
following table summarizes PacifiCorp’s fixed-rate long-term debt totaling
$5.0 billion and $4.6 billion as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, and the hypothetical increases and decreases in interest rates
based on rates in effect as of December 31, 2008. Because of their fixed
interest rates, these instruments do not expose PacifiCorp to the risk of
earnings loss due to changes in market interest rates. In general, such
increases and decreases in fair value would impact earnings and cash flows only
if PacifiCorp were to reacquire all or a portion of these instruments prior to
their maturity. It is assumed that the changes occur immediately and uniformly
to each debt instrument. The hypothetical changes in market interest rates do
not reflect what could be deemed best or worst case scenarios. For these
reasons, actual results might differ from those reflected in the table (dollars
in millions).
Estimated
Fair Value after
|
||||||||||||
Hypothetical
Change in Interest Rates
|
||||||||||||
100 bp | 100 bp | |||||||||||
Fair
Value
|
decrease
|
increase
|
||||||||||
December 31, 2008
|
$ | 5,227 | $ | 5,780 | $ | 4,753 | ||||||
December 31, 2007
|
$ | 4,808 | $ | 5,290 | $ | 4,400 |
As of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp had variable-rate long-term debt
totaling $542 million. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp
had variable-rate short-term debt totaling $85 million and $- million,
respectively. These variable-rate obligations expose PacifiCorp to the risk of
increased interest expense in the event of increases in short-term interest
rates. This market risk is not hedged; however, if the variable interest rates
were to increase by 10% from December 31 levels, it would not have a
material effect on PacifiCorp’s consolidated annual interest expense in either
year. The carrying amount of variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair
value.
Credit
Risk
PacifiCorp
extends unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketers, financial
institutions and other market participants in conjunction with wholesale energy
supply and marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that
might occur as a result of non-performance by counterparties of their
contractual obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or
other commodities and to make financial settlements of these obligations. Credit
risk may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties
have similar economic, industry or other characteristics that would cause their
ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in
market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk
that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it,
but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving
other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with such
counterparty.
70
PacifiCorp
analyzes the financial condition of each significant wholesale counterparty
before entering into any transactions, establishes limits on the amount of
unsecured credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluates the
appropriateness of unsecured credit limits on an ongoing basis. To mitigate
exposure to the financial risks of wholesale counterparties, PacifiCorp enters
into netting and collateral arrangements that may include margining and
cross-product netting agreements and obtaining third-party guarantees, letters
of credit and cash deposits. Counterparties may be assessed interest fees for
delayed receipts. If required, PacifiCorp exercises rights under these
arrangements, including calling on the counterparty’s credit support
arrangement.
As of
December 31, 2008, 69% of PacifiCorp’s credit exposure from wholesale
activities, net of collateral, was with counterparties having investment grade
credit ratings by either Moody’s or Standard & Poor’s. An additional 4% of
PacifiCorp’s credit exposure from wholesale activities, net of collateral, was
from counterparties having financial characteristics deemed equivalent to
investment grade based on internal review.
As of
December 31, 2008, less than 1% of PacifiCorp’s credit exposure, net of
collateral, from wholesale activities was with counterparties having externally
rated “non-investment grade” credit ratings, while an additional 26% of
PacifiCorp’s credit exposure, net of collateral, from wholesale activities was
with counterparties having financial characteristics deemed equivalent to
“non-investment grade” by PacifiCorp based on internal review.
Two
counterparties comprise 35% of PacifiCorp’s aggregate credit exposure from
wholesale activities, net of collateral, as of December 31, 2008. One
counterparty is rated investment grade by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s and
PacifiCorp is not aware of any factors that would likely result in a downgrade
of the counterparty’s credit ratings to below investment grade over the
remaining term of transactions outstanding as of December 31, 2008. The
other counterparty has a non-investment grade credit rating based on internal
review as of December 31, 2008.
71
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY
DATA
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
73
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
74
|
Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and
2007 and the Nine-Month Period Ended December 31,
2006
|
76
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and
2007 and the Nine-Month Period Ended December 31,
2006
|
77
|
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Common Shareholder’s Equity and Comprehensive
Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the
Nine-Month Period Ended December 31, 2006
|
78
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
79
|
72
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the
Board of Directors and Shareholders
PacifiCorp
Portland,
Oregon
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PacifiCorp and its
subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and of changes in
common shareholder’s equity and comprehensive income for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their
cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/Deloitte
& Touche LLP
Portland,
Oregon
February 27,
2009
73
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts
in millions)
As
of December 31,
|
||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
ASSETS
|
||||||||
Current
assets:
|
||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$ | 59 | $ | 228 | ||||
Accounts
receivable, net
|
609 | 594 | ||||||
Income
taxes receivable from affiliates
|
43 | 23 | ||||||
Inventories:
|
||||||||
Materials
and supplies
|
184 | 163 | ||||||
Fuel
|
155 | 129 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
174 | 143 | ||||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
74 | 55 | ||||||
Other
current assets
|
78 | 141 | ||||||
Total
current assets
|
1,376 | 1,476 | ||||||
Property,
plant and equipment, net
|
13,824 | 11,849 | ||||||
Regulatory
assets
|
1,624 | 1,091 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
86 | 215 | ||||||
Deferred
charges, investments and other
|
257 | 276 | ||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 17,167 | $ | 14,907 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
74
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(Amounts
in millions)
As
of December 31,
|
||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
LIABILITIES
AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
||||||||
Current
liabilities:
|
||||||||
Accounts
payable
|
$ | 757 | $ | 451 | ||||
Accrued
employee expenses
|
77 | 80 | ||||||
Accrued
interest
|
89 | 74 | ||||||
Accrued
taxes
|
73 | 28 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
130 | 117 | ||||||
Short-term
debt
|
85 | - | ||||||
Current
portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
|
144 | 414 | ||||||
Other
current liabilities
|
111 | 149 | ||||||
Total
current liabilities
|
1,466 | 1,313 | ||||||
Regulatory
liabilities
|
821 | 799 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
490 | 497 | ||||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations
|
5,424 | 4,753 | ||||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
2,025 | 1,701 | ||||||
Other
long-term liabilities
|
954 | 764 | ||||||
Total
liabilities
|
11,180 | 9,827 | ||||||
Commitments
and contingencies (Note 13)
|
||||||||
Shareholders’
equity:
|
||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
41 | 41 | ||||||
Common
equity:
|
||||||||
Common
stock – 750 shares authorized, no par value, 357 shares issued
and outstanding
|
- | - | ||||||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
4,254 | 3,804 | ||||||
Retained
earnings
|
1,694 | 1,239 | ||||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss, net
|
(2 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Total
common equity
|
5,946 | 5,039 | ||||||
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
5,987 | 5,080 | ||||||
Total
liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
$ | 17,167 | $ | 14,907 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
75
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts
in millions)
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Period Ended
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Operating
revenue
|
$ | 4,498 | $ | 4,258 | $ | 2,924 | ||||||
Operating
costs and expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
1,957 | 1,768 | 1,297 | |||||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
992 | 1,004 | 780 | |||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
490 | 497 | 355 | |||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
112 | 101 | 77 | |||||||||
Total
operating costs and expenses
|
3,551 | 3,370 | 2,509 | |||||||||
Operating
income
|
947 | 888 | 415 | |||||||||
Other
income (expense):
|
||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
(343 | ) | (314 | ) | (215 | ) | ||||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
34 | 29 | 18 | |||||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
47 | 41 | 17 | |||||||||
Interest
income
|
11 | 15 | 6 | |||||||||
Other,
net
|
- | - | 6 | |||||||||
Total
other income (expense)
|
(251 | ) | (229 | ) | (168 | ) | ||||||
Income
before income tax expense
|
696 | 659 | 247 | |||||||||
Income
tax expense
|
238 | 220 | 86 | |||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 458 | $ | 439 | $ | 161 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
76
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts
in millions)
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Period
Ended
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
||||||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 458 | $ | 439 | $ | 161 | ||||||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating
activities:
|
||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss (gain) on derivative contracts, net
|
- | (1 | ) | 104 | ||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
490 | 497 | 355 | |||||||||
Regulatory
asset/liability establishment and amortization
|
(37 | ) | (45 | ) | 5 | |||||||
Provision
for deferred income taxes
|
308 | 39 | 6 | |||||||||
Other
|
(3 | ) | 10 | 14 | ||||||||
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from
acquisition:
|
||||||||||||
Accounts
receivable, net and other assets
|
3 | (81 | ) | (129 | ) | |||||||
Derivative
contract assets/liabilities, net
|
(82 | ) | - | (4 | ) | |||||||
Inventories
|
(52 | ) | (48 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||||
Income
taxes receivable/payable from/to affiliates, net
|
(20 | ) | 21 | (48 | ) | |||||||
Accounts
payable and other liabilities
|
(73 | ) | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||
Net
cash flows from operating activities
|
992 | 824 | 431 | |||||||||
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
||||||||||||
Capital
expenditures
|
(1,789 | ) | (1,519 | ) | (1,051 | ) | ||||||
Acquisition,
net of cash acquired
|
(308 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Purchases
of available-for-sale securities
|
(52 | ) | (25 | ) | (82 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds
from sales of available-for-sale securities
|
67 | 30 | 68 | |||||||||
Other
|
6 | 17 | 9 | |||||||||
Net
cash flows from investing activities
|
(2,076 | ) | (1,497 | ) | (1,056 | ) | ||||||
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
||||||||||||
Net
borrowings (repayments) of commercial paper
|
85 | (397 | ) | 213 | ||||||||
Proceeds
from long-term debt, net
|
797 | 1,193 | 348 | |||||||||
Proceeds
from previously purchased long-term debt
|
216 | - | - | |||||||||
Proceeds
from equity contributions
|
450 | 200 | 215 | |||||||||
Preferred
stock dividends paid
|
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||
Purchases
of long-term debt
|
(216 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
Repayments
and redemptions of long-term debt and capital lease
obligations
|
(413 | ) | (127 | ) | (211 | ) | ||||||
Redemptions
of preferred stock subject to mandatory redemption
|
- | (38 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||
Other
|
(2 | ) | 13 | 9 | ||||||||
Net
cash flows from financing activities
|
915 | 842 | 564 | |||||||||
Net
change in cash and cash equivalents
|
(169 | ) | 169 | (61 | ) | |||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
228 | 59 | 120 | |||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$ | 59 | $ | 228 | $ | 59 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
77
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME
(Amounts
in millions)
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common
|
Paid-in
|
Retained
|
Comprehensive
|
Comprehensive
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Shares
|
Stock
|
Capital
|
Earnings
|
Loss,
Net
|
Income
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance
at March 31, 2006
|
357 | $ | - | $ | 3,382 | $ | 630 | $ | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | - | 161 | - | $ | 161 | |||||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair
value adjustment on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $1
|
- | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $(2)
|
- | - | - | - | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Adoption
of SFAS No. 158 recognition provisions, net of tax of
$(1)
|
- | - | - | - | (1 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||
Equity
contributions
|
- | - | 215 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit from stock option exercises
|
- | - | 3 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock dividends declared
|
- | - | - | (2 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2006
|
357 | - | 3,600 | 789 | (4 | ) | $ | 160 | ||||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | - | 439 | - | $ | 439 | |||||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair
value adjustment on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $(1)
|
- | - | - | - | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized
amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $2
|
- | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adoption
of FASB Interpretation No. 48
|
- | - | - | 13 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity
contributions
|
- | - | 200 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit from stock option exercises
|
- | - | 4 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock dividends declared
|
- | - | - | (2 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2007
|
357 | - | 3,804 | 1,239 | (4 | ) | $ | 439 | ||||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | - | 458 | - | $ | 458 | |||||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized
amounts on retirement benefits, net of tax of $-
|
- | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adoption
of SFAS No. 158 measurement date provisions, net of tax of
$(1)
|
(1 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equity
contributions
|
- | - | 450 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock dividends declared
|
- | - | - | (2 | ) | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2008
|
357 | $ | - | $ | 4,254 | $ | 1,694 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 460 |
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements.
78
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Organization
and Operations
PacifiCorp,
which includes PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries, is a United States regulated
electric company serving 1.7 million retail customers, including
residential, commercial, industrial and other customers in portions of the
states of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp
owns, or has interests in, a number of thermal, hydroelectric, wind-powered and
geothermal generating facilities, as well as electric transmission and
distribution assets. PacifiCorp also buys and sells electricity on the wholesale
market with public and private utilities, energy marketing companies and
incorporated municipalities. PacifiCorp is subject to comprehensive state and
federal regulation. PacifiCorp’s subsidiaries support its electric utility
operations by providing coal-mining facilities and services and environmental
remediation services. PacifiCorp is an indirect subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy
Holdings Company (“MEHC”), a holding company based in Des Moines, Iowa, owning
subsidiaries that are principally engaged in energy businesses. MEHC is a
consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
(“Berkshire Hathaway”).
In
May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors elected to change PacifiCorp’s
fiscal year-end from March 31 to December 31. As a result, the
Consolidated Statements of Operations include the audited nine-month transition
period ended December 31, 2006.
(2) Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis
of Consolidation
The
Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of PacifiCorp and its
subsidiaries in which it holds a controlling financial interest as of the
financial statement date. The Consolidated Statements of Operations include the
revenues and expenses of an acquired entity from the date of acquisition.
Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain amounts in
the prior year Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified to
conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not impact
previously reported operating income, net income or retained
earnings.
Minority
interest in Bridger Coal Company, a consolidated subsidiary, was
$80 million and $79 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, and is included in other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets.
In
April 2007, PacifiCorp acquired the outstanding 10% minority interest
in PacifiCorp Environmental Remediation Company (“PERCo”) for $150,000 and PERCo
became a wholly owned subsidiary of PacifiCorp.
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp’s steam delivery subsidiary, Intermountain
Geothermal Company, was merged into PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp has 95% of the steam
rights associated with the geothermal field serving PacifiCorp’s Blundell
geothermal plant.
Use
of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements
The
preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.
These estimates include, but are not limited to: unbilled revenue; valuation of
energy contracts; effects of regulation; asset retirement obligations (“AROs”),
accounting for contingencies, including environmental, regulatory and income tax
matters; and certain assumptions made in accounting for pension and other
postretirement benefits. Actual results may differ from the estimates used in
preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements.
79
Cash
Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash
equivalents consist of funds invested in money market accounts and in other
investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and
cash equivalents exclude amounts where availability is restricted by legal
requirements, loan agreements or other contractual provisions. Restricted
amounts are included in other current assets and deferred charges, investments
and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Marketable
Securities
PacifiCorp’s
investments in debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale.
PacifiCorp’s management determines the appropriate classifications of
investments in debt and equity securities at the acquisition date and
re-evaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date.
Available-for-sale
securities are carried at fair value with realized gains and losses, as
determined on a specific identification basis, recognized in earnings and
unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
(“AOCI”), net of tax. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the trust fund
related to the final reclamation of leased coal-mining property are recorded as
net regulatory assets or liabilities since PacifiCorp expects to recover costs
for these activities through rates. If in management’s judgment a decline in the
value of an investment below cost is other than temporary, the cost is written
down to fair value. For the reclamation trust, any other-than-temporary decline
of an investment below cost would not impact PacifiCorp’s financial results due
to the regulatory treatment of gains and losses. Factors considered in judging
whether an impairment is other than temporary include: the financial condition,
business prospects and creditworthiness of the issuer; the length of time that
fair value has been less than cost; the relative amount of the decline and
PacifiCorp’s ability and intent to hold the investment until the fair value
recovers.
Accounting
for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
PacifiCorp
prepares its financial statements in accordance with the provisions of Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 71, Accounting for the Effects of
Certain Types of Regulation (“SFAS No. 71”), which differs in
certain respects from the application of GAAP by non-regulated businesses. In
general, SFAS No. 71 recognizes that accounting for rate-regulated
enterprises should reflect the economic effects of regulation. As a result, a
regulated entity is required to defer the recognition of costs or income if it
is probable that, through the ratemaking process, there will be a corresponding
increase or decrease in future rates. Accordingly, PacifiCorp has deferred
certain costs and income that will be recognized in earnings over various future
periods.
Management
continually evaluates the applicability of SFAS No. 71 and assesses
whether its regulatory assets are probable of future recovery by considering
factors such as a change in the regulator’s approach to setting rates from
cost-based ratemaking to another form of regulation; other regulatory actions;
or the impact of competition, which could limit PacifiCorp’s ability to recover
its costs. Based upon this continual assessment, management believes the
application of SFAS No. 71 continues to be appropriate and its
existing regulatory assets are probable of recovery. The assessment reflects the
current political and regulatory climate at both the state and federal levels
and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes no longer probable that
these costs will be recovered, the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities
would be written off and recognized in earnings.
80
Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts
The
allowance for doubtful accounts is based on PacifiCorp’s assessment of the
collectibility of payments from its customers. This assessment requires judgment
regarding the ability of customers to pay the amounts owed to PacifiCorp or
the outcome of any pending disputes. The change in the balance of the
allowance for doubtful accounts, which is included in accounts receivable, net
in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is summarized as follows (in
millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||
Beginning
balance
|
$ | 7 | $ | 12 | $ | 11 | ||||||
Charged
to operating costs and expenses, net
|
14 | 9 | 8 | |||||||||
Write-offs,
net
|
(12 | ) | (14 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||
Ending
balance
|
$ | 9 | $ | 7 | $ | 12 |
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
employs a number of different commodity derivative instruments, including
forward contracts, options, swaps and other agreements, to manage its commodity
price, for example natural gas and electricity volatility. Derivative
instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either assets or
liabilities and are stated at fair value unless they are designated as normal
purchases or normal sales and qualify for the exemption afforded by GAAP.
Derivative balances reflect reductions permitted under master netting
arrangements with counterparties and cash collateral paid or received under such
agreements. For those derivative contracts that are probable of recovery in
rates, the unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a net regulatory asset or
liability pursuant to SFAS No. 71.
Derivative
contracts for commodities used in normal business operations that are settled by
physical delivery, among other criteria, are eligible for and may be designated
as normal purchases or normal sales pursuant to the exemption. Contracts that
qualify and are designated as normal purchases or normal sales are not marked to
market. Recognition of these contracts in operating revenue or energy costs in
the Consolidated Statements of Operations occurs when the contracts
settle.
For
contracts designated in hedge relationships (“hedge contracts”), PacifiCorp
formally assesses, at inception and thereafter, whether the hedge contracts are
highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of the
hedged items. PacifiCorp formally documents hedging activity by transaction type
and risk management strategy.
Changes
in the fair value of a derivative designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge,
to the extent effective, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Changes
in Common Shareholder’s Equity and Comprehensive Income as AOCI, net of tax,
until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. PacifiCorp discontinues hedge
accounting prospectively when it has determined that a derivative no longer
qualifies as an effective hedge, or when it is no longer probable that the
hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When hedge accounting is discontinued
because the derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, future changes
in the value of the derivative are charged to earnings. Gains and losses related
to discontinued hedges that were previously recorded in AOCI will remain in AOCI
until the hedged item is realized, unless it is probable that the hedged
forecasted transaction will not occur, at which time associated deferred amounts
in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings.
Inventories
Inventories
consist mainly of materials and supplies, coal stocks, natural gas and fuel oil,
which are stated at the lower of average cost or market.
81
Property,
Plant and Equipment, Net
General
Property,
plant and equipment is recorded at historical cost. PacifiCorp capitalizes all
construction-related material, direct labor and contract services, as well as
indirect construction costs, which include allowance for funds used during
construction (“AFUDC”). The cost of major additions and betterments are
capitalized, while costs for replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not
improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to operating
expense.
Generally
when PacifiCorp retires or sells its regulated property, plant and equipment, it
charges the original cost to accumulated depreciation. Any cost of removal is
charged against the cost of removal regulatory liability that was established
through depreciation rates. Salvage is considered in determining future
depreciation rates and is recorded in the accumulated depreciation and
amortization accounts.
PacifiCorp
records AFUDC, which represents the estimated costs of debt and equity funds
necessary to finance additions to property, plant and equipment. AFUDC is
capitalized as a component of property, plant and equipment, with offsetting
credits to the Consolidated Statements of Operations. After construction is
completed, PacifiCorp is permitted to earn a return on these costs by their
inclusion in rate base, as well as recover these costs through depreciation
expense over the useful life of the related assets.
The
weighted-average aggregate rates used for AFUDC were 8.2% and 8.3% for the years
ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and 7.5% for the nine-month
period ended December 31, 2006.
Asset Retirement
Obligations
The fair
value of an ARO liability is recognized in the period in which it is incurred,
if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made, and is added to the carrying
amount of the associated asset, which is then depreciated over the remaining
useful life of the asset. Subsequent to the initial recognition, the ARO
liability is adjusted for any revisions to the expected value of the retirement
obligation (with corresponding adjustments to property, plant and equipment) and
for accretion of the ARO liability due to the passage of time. The difference
between the ARO liability, the corresponding ARO asset included in property,
plant and equipment and amounts recovered in rates to satisfy such liabilities
is recorded as a regulatory asset or liability. Estimated removal costs that
PacifiCorp recovers through approved depreciation rates, but that do not meet
the requirements of a legal ARO, are accumulated in asset retirement removal
costs within regulatory liabilities in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
Depreciation
and Amortization
Depreciation
and amortization are computed by the straight-line group method either over the
life prescribed by PacifiCorp’s various regulatory jurisdictions or over the
assets’ estimated useful lives. Periodic depreciation studies are performed to
determine the appropriate group lives, salvage and group depreciation rates.
These studies are reviewed and approved by PacifiCorp’s various regulatory
bodies.
Revenue
Recognition
Revenue
is recognized as electricity is delivered and includes amounts for services
rendered. Revenue recognized includes unbilled, as well as billed, amounts.
Unbilled revenues included in accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets were $211 million and $192 million as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Rates charged are subject to
federal and state regulation.
The
determination of sales to individual customers is based on the reading of the
customer’s meter, which is performed on a systematic basis throughout the month.
At the end of each month, amounts of energy provided to customers since the date
of the last meter reading are estimated, and the corresponding unbilled revenue
is recorded. The estimate is reversed in the following month and actual revenue
is recorded based on subsequent meter readings.
82
The
monthly unbilled revenues of PacifiCorp are determined by the estimation of
unbilled energy provided during the period, the assignment of unbilled energy
provided to customer classes and the average rate per customer class. Factors
that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy provided include, but are not
limited to, seasonal weather patterns, customer usage patterns, historical
trends, volumes, line losses, retail rate changes and composition of customer
classes.
PacifiCorp
records sales, franchise and excise taxes, which are collected directly from
customers and remitted directly to the taxing authorities, on a net basis in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income
Taxes
As a
result of the sale of PacifiCorp to MEHC on March 21, 2006, Berkshire
Hathaway commenced including PacifiCorp in its United States federal income tax
return. PacifiCorp’s provision for income taxes has been computed on the basis
that it files separate consolidated income tax returns. Prior to the sale,
PacifiCorp was included in the consolidated United States federal income tax
return of PacifiCorp Holdings, Inc., PacifiCorp’s former parent
company.
Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are based on differences between the financial
statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the estimated tax rates
in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes
in deferred income tax assets and liabilities that are associated with
components of AOCI are charged or credited directly to AOCI. Changes in deferred
income tax assets and liabilities that are associated with income tax benefits
related to certain property-related basis differences and other various
differences that PacifiCorp is required to pass on to its customers in most
state jurisdictions are charged or credited directly to a regulatory asset or
regulatory liability. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset of
$409 million and $423 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, and will be included in rates when the temporary differences
reverse. Other changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
included as a component of income tax expense.
Investment
tax credits are generally deferred and amortized over the estimated useful lives
of the related properties or as prescribed by various regulatory jurisdictions.
Investment tax credits included in other long-term liabilities in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets were $50 million and $54 million as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
In
determining PacifiCorp’s income taxes, management is required to interpret
complex tax laws and regulations. In preparing tax returns, PacifiCorp is
subject to continuous examinations by federal, state and local tax authorities
that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and
regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes
years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved.
The United States Internal Revenue Service has closed its examination of
PacifiCorp’s income tax returns through the 2000 tax year. In most cases, state
jurisdictions have closed their examinations of PacifiCorp’s income tax returns
through 1993. Although the ultimate resolution of PacifiCorp’s federal and state
tax examinations is uncertain, PacifiCorp believes it has made adequate
provisions for these tax positions and the aggregate amount of any additional
tax liabilities that may result from these examinations, if any, will not have a
material adverse effect on PacifiCorp’s financial results. Assets and
liabilities are established for uncertain tax positions taken or positions
expected to be taken in income tax returns when such positions are judged to not
meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold based on the technical merits of the
position. PacifiCorp’s unrecognized tax benefits are primarily included in
accrued taxes and other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets. PacifiCorp recognizes interest and penalties related to income taxes in
income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Segment
Information
PacifiCorp
currently has one segment, which includes the regulated retail and wholesale
electric utility operations.
83
New
Accounting Pronouncements
In
December 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”)
issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 132(R)-1, Employers’ Disclosures about
Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets (“FSP FAS 132(R)-1”). FSP FAS
132(R)-1 is intended to improve
financial reporting about plan assets of defined benefit pension and other
postretirement plans by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to
better understand how investment allocation decisions are made and the major
categories of plan assets. FSP FAS 132(R)-1 also requires disclosure of the
inputs and valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the effect of
fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in plan
assets. In addition, FSP FAS 132(R)-1 establishes disclosure requirements for
significant concentrations of risk within plan assets. FSP FAS 132(R)-1 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2009, with early application permitted. PacifiCorp is
currently evaluating the impact of adopting FSP FAS 132(R)-1 on its disclosures
included within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In
March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133
(“SFAS No. 161”). SFAS No. 161 is intended to improve
financial reporting about derivative instruments and hedging activities by
requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand how and
why an entity uses derivative instruments and their effects on an entity’s
financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods
beginning after November 15, 2008 with early application encouraged.
PacifiCorp is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 161 on
its disclosures included within Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations
(“SFAS No. 141(R)”). SFAS No. 141(R) applies to all transactions
or other events in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses.
SFAS No. 141(R) establishes how the acquirer of a business should
recognize, measure and disclose in its financial statements the identifiable
assets and goodwill acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling
interest in the acquired business. SFAS No. 141(R) is applied prospectively
for all business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning
of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15,
2008, with early application prohibited. SFAS No. 141(R) will not have an
impact on PacifiCorp’s historical Consolidated Financial Statements and will be
applied to business combinations completed, if any, on or after January 1,
2009.
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in
Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS No. 160”). SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and
reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the
deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 requires entities to report
noncontrolling interests as a separate component of shareholders’ equity in the
consolidated financial statements. The amount of earnings attributable to the
parent and to the noncontrolling interests should be clearly identified and
presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, SFAS No. 160 requires any changes in a parent’s ownership
interest of its subsidiary, while retaining its control, to be accounted for as
equity transactions. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning
on or after December 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal
years. PacifiCorp is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS
No. 160 on its consolidated financial position and results of
operations.
84
In
September 2006, FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements
(“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157
defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands
disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not
impose fair value measurements on items not already accounted for at fair value;
rather, it applies, with certain exceptions, to other accounting pronouncements
that either require or permit fair value measurements. Under SFAS
No. 157, fair value refers to the price that would be received to sell an
asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants in the principal or most advantageous market. The standard
clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants
would use when pricing the asset or liability. In February 2008, the FASB
issued FSP No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement
No. 157, which delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for
all non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or
disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring
basis, until fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. These
non-financial items include assets and liabilities such as non-financial assets
and liabilities assumed in a business combination, reporting units measured at
fair value in a goodwill impairment test and AROs initially measured at fair
value. In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a
Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not
Active (“FSP FAS 157-3”), which clarifies the application
of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active and provides an example to
illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset
when the market for that financial asset is not active. FSP FAS 157-3 was
effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements
had not been issued. PacifiCorp adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 for
assets and liabilities recognized at fair value on a recurring basis effective
January 1, 2008. The partial adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a
material impact on PacifiCorp’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined
Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements
No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)
(“SFAS No. 158”). PacifiCorp adopted the recognition provisions
of SFAS No. 158 at December 31, 2006. SFAS No. 158 also requires
that an employer measure plan assets and obligations as of the end of the
employer’s fiscal year, eliminating the option in SFAS No. 87 and
SFAS No. 106 to measure up to three months prior to the financial
statement date. PacifiCorp adopted the requirement to measure plan assets and
benefit obligations as of the date of its fiscal year-end at December 31,
2008. Upon adoption of the measurement date
provisions, PacifiCorp recorded a transitional adjustment of $14 million,
$12 million of which is considered probable of recovery in rates and was
recorded as a regulatory asset. The remaining $2 million (pre-tax) is not
considered probable of recovery in rates and was recorded as a reduction in
retained earnings.
85
(3) Property,
Plant and Equipment, Net
Property,
plant and equipment, net consists of the following as of December 31 (in
millions):
Depreciation
Life
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Property,
plant and equipment:
|
|||||||||
Generation
|
15
– 80 years
|
$ | 8,155 | $ | 6,814 | ||||
Transmission
|
25
– 75 years
|
3,057 | 2,878 | ||||||
Distribution
|
44
– 52 years
|
5,109 | 4,885 | ||||||
Intangible
plant(1)
|
5 –
50 years
|
721 | 671 | ||||||
Other
|
5 –
29 years
|
1,837 | 1,766 | ||||||
Property,
plant and equipment in service
|
18,879 | 17,014 | |||||||
Accumulated
depreciation and amortization
|
(6,275 | ) | (6,125 | ) | |||||
Net
property, plant and equipment in service
|
12,604 | 10,889 | |||||||
Construction
work-in-progress
|
1,220 | 960 | |||||||
Total
property, plant and equipment, net
|
$ | 13,824 | $ | 11,849 |
(1)
|
Computer
software costs included in intangible plant are initially assigned a
depreciable life of 5 to 10 years.
|
Utility
Plant Acquisition
On
September 15, 2008, after having received the required regulatory
approvals, PacifiCorp acquired from TNA Merchant Projects, Inc., an affiliate of
Suez Energy North America, Inc., 100% of the equity interests of
Chehalis Power Generating, LLC, an entity owning a 520-megawatt (“MW”)
natural gas-fired generating plant located in Chehalis, Washington. The total
cash purchase price was $308 million and the estimated fair value of the
acquired entity was primarily allocated to the plant. Chehalis Power
Generating, LLC was merged into PacifiCorp immediately following the
acquisition. The results of the plant’s operations have been included in
PacifiCorp’s Consolidated Financial Statements since the acquisition
date.
Unallocated
Acquisition Adjustments
PacifiCorp
has unallocated acquisition adjustments that represent the excess of costs of
the acquired interests in property, plant and equipment purchased from the
entity that first devoted the assets to utility service over their net book
value in those assets. These unallocated acquisition adjustments included in
other property, plant and equipment had an original cost of $157 million as
of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and accumulated depreciation of
$91 million and $85 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Depreciation
Study
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed applications with the regulatory commissions
in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington and Idaho to change its rates of
depreciation prospectively based on a new depreciation study. PacifiCorp
received approval to change the depreciation rates effective January 1,
2008. The Oregon Public Utility Commission (the “OPUC”) order required
additional modifications related to the depreciation lives of coal-fired
generating facilities, which were approved in August 2008. The revised
depreciation rates generally reflect an extension of the lives of PacifiCorp’s
assets. The most significant change resulted in an increase in the range of
depreciable lives for steam plant from 20 – 43 years to
20 – 57 years. The revised depreciation rates resulted in a
benefit to pre-tax income during the year ended December 31, 2008 of
approximately $47 million.
86
(4) Jointly
Owned Utility Facilities
Under
joint facility ownership agreements with other utilities, PacifiCorp, as a
tenant in common, has undivided interests in jointly owned generation and
transmission facilities. PacifiCorp accounts for its proportional share of each
facility, and each joint owner has provided financing for its share of each
generating facility or transmission line. Operating costs of each facility are
assigned to joint owners based on ownership percentage or energy purchased,
depending on the nature of the cost. Operating costs and expenses in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations include PacifiCorp’s share of the expenses
of these facilities.
The
amounts shown in the table below represent PacifiCorp’s share in each jointly
owned facility as of December 31, 2008
(dollars in millions):
Facility
|
Accumulated
|
Construction
|
||||||||||||||
PacifiCorp
|
in
|
Depreciation/
|
Work-in-
|
|||||||||||||
Share
|
Service
|
Amortization
|
Progress
|
|||||||||||||
Jim
Bridger Nos. 1 – 4 (1)
|
67 | % | $ | 996 | $ | 481 | $ | 29 | ||||||||
Wyodak
(1)
|
80 | 333 | 172 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Hunter
No. 1
|
94 | 305 | 150 | 8 | ||||||||||||
Colstrip
Nos. 3 and 4 (1)
|
10 | 244 | 121 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Hunter
No. 2
|
60 | 194 | 90 | 10 | ||||||||||||
Hermiston
(2)
|
50 | 173 | 41 | - | ||||||||||||
Craig
Nos. 1 and 2
|
19 | 168 | 79 | - | ||||||||||||
Hayden
No. 1
|
25 | 45 | 21 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Foote
Creek
|
79 | 37 | 15 | - | ||||||||||||
Hayden
No. 2
|
13 | 28 | 14 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Other
transmission and distribution facilities
|
Various
|
83 | 19 | - | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 2,606 | $ | 1,203 | $ | 55 |
(1)
|
Includes
transmission lines and substations.
|
(2)
|
PacifiCorp
has contracted to purchase the remaining 50% of the output of the
Hermiston plant.
|
87
(5) Regulatory
Matters
Regulatory
Assets and Liabilities
Regulatory
assets represent costs that are expected to be recovered in future rates.
PacifiCorp’s regulatory assets reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
consist of the following as of December 31 (in millions):
Weighted
|
|||||||||
Average
|
|||||||||
Remaining
|
|||||||||
Life
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Employee
benefit plans (1)
|
10
years
|
$ | 564 | $ | 227 | ||||
Net
unrealized loss on derivative contracts (2)
|
7
years
|
442 | 256 | ||||||
Deferred
income taxes (3)
|
33
years
|
440 | 459 | ||||||
Other
|
Various
|
178 | 149 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 1,624 | $ | 1,091 |
(1)
|
Represents
amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost that
will be recovered in rates when recognized. The 2008 amount is partially
offset by $26 million of net regulatory deferrals related to the
curtailment gains and measurement date change transitional
adjustment.
|
(2)
|
Amounts
represent net unrealized losses related to derivative contracts included
in rates.
|
(3)
|
Amounts
represent income tax benefits related to certain property-related basis
differences and other various differences that were previously flowed
through to customers and will be included in rates when the temporary
differences reverse.
|
PacifiCorp
had regulatory assets not earning a return on investment of $1.5 billion
and $945 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Regulatory
liabilities represent income to be recognized or amounts to be returned to
customers in future periods. PacifiCorp’s regulatory liabilities reflected in
the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following as of December 31
(in millions):
Weighted
|
|||||||||
Average
|
|||||||||
Remaining
|
|||||||||
Life
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Cost
of removal (1)
|
33
years
|
$ | 732 | $ | 707 | ||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
Various
|
31 | 36 | ||||||
Other
|
Various
|
58 | 56 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 821 | $ | 799 |
(1)
|
Amounts
represent the remaining estimated costs, as accrued through depreciation
rates and exclusive of ARO liabilities, of removing electric utility
assets in accordance with accepted regulatory
practices.
|
88
Rate
Matters
Oregon
In
October 2007, PacifiCorp filed its tax report for 2006 under Oregon Senate
Bill 408 (“SB 408”), which was enacted in September 2005.
SB 408 requires that PacifiCorp and other large regulated, investor-owned
utilities that provide electric or natural gas service to Oregon customers file
a report annually with the OPUC comparing income taxes collected and income
taxes paid, as defined by the statute and its administrative rules. PacifiCorp’s
filing indicated that for the 2006 tax year, PacifiCorp paid $33 million
more in federal, state and local taxes than was collected in rates from its
retail customers. PacifiCorp proposed to recover $27 million of the
deficiency over a one-year period starting June 1, 2008 and to defer any
excess into a balancing account for future disposition. During the review
process, PacifiCorp updated its filing to address the OPUC’s staff
recommendations, which increased the initial request by $2 million for a
total of $35 million. In April 2008, the OPUC approved PacifiCorp’s
revised request with $27 million to be recovered over a one-year period
beginning June 1, 2008 and the remainder to be deferred until a later
period, with interest to accrue at PacifiCorp’s authorized rate of return. In
June 2008, PacifiCorp recorded a $27 million regulatory asset and
associated revenues representing the amount that PacifiCorp will collect from
its Oregon retail customers over the one-year period that began on June 1,
2008.
In
May 2008, the Industrial Customers of Northwest Utilities (“ICNU”) filed a
petition with the Court of Appeals of the State of Oregon seeking judicial
review of the final order with regards to PacifiCorp’s 2006 SB 408 tax
report. In December 2008, ICNU filed their opening brief. PacifiCorp
and the OPUC have until March 27, 2009 to file their response briefs.
PacifiCorp believes the outcome of the judicial review will not have a material
impact on its consolidated financial results.
In
October 2008, PacifiCorp filed its tax report for 2007 under SB 408.
PacifiCorp’s filing indicated that for the 2007 tax year, PacifiCorp paid
$4 million more in federal, state and local taxes than was collected in
rates from its retail customers.
89
(6) Fair
Value Measurements
The
carrying amounts of PacifiCorp’s cash and cash equivalents, receivables,
payables, accrued liabilities and short-term borrowings approximate fair value
because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. PacifiCorp has various
financial instruments that are measured at fair value in the Consolidated
Financial Statements, including marketable debt and equity securities and
commodity derivatives. PacifiCorp’s financial assets and liabilities are
measured using inputs from the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. A
financial asset or liability classification within the hierarchy is determined
based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement. The three levels are as follows:
|
·
|
Level
1 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities that PacifiCorp has the ability to access at the
measurement date.
|
|
·
|
Level
2 – Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in
active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or
liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted
prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are
derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by
correlation or other means (market corroborated
inputs).
|
|
·
|
Level
3 – Unobservable inputs reflect PacifiCorp’s judgments about the
assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or
liability since limited market data exists. PacifiCorp develops these
inputs based on the best information available, including PacifiCorp’s own
data.
|
The
following table presents PacifiCorp’s assets and liabilities recognized in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet and measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
December 31, 2008 (in millions):
Input
Levels for Fair Value Measurements
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Description
|
Level
1
|
Level
2
|
Level
3
|
Other(1)
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||
Assets(2):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Investments
in available-for-sale securities
|
$ | 30 | $ | 48 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 78 | ||||||||||
Commodity
derivatives
|
- | 474 | 88 | (302 | ) | 260 | ||||||||||||||
$ | 30 | $ | 522 | $ | 88 | $ | (302 | ) | $ | 338 |
Liabilities:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Commodity
derivatives
|
$ | - | $ | (485 | ) | $ | (496 | ) | $ | 361 | $ | (620 | ) |
(1)
|
Primarily
represents netting under master netting arrangements and cash collateral
requirements.
|
(2)
|
Does
not include investments in either pension or other postretirement benefit
plan assets.
|
PacifiCorp’s
investments in debt and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale
and stated at fair value. When available, the quoted market price or net asset
value of an identical security in the principal market is used to record the
fair value. In the absence of a quoted market price in a readily observable
market, the fair value is determined using pricing models based on observable
market inputs and quoted market prices of securities with similar
characteristics. Substantially all of PacifiCorp’s available-for-sale securities
in Level 1 and 2 above are held in the Bridger Coal Company
reclamation trust.
90
PacifiCorp
uses various derivative instruments, including forward contracts, options, swaps
and other agreements. The fair value of derivative instruments is determined
using unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments on the applicable
exchange in which PacifiCorp transacts. When quoted prices for identical
instruments are not available, PacifiCorp uses forward price curves derived from
market price quotations, when available, or internally developed and commercial
models, with internal and external fundamental data inputs. Market price
quotations are obtained from independent energy brokers, exchanges, direct
communication with market participants and actual transactions executed by
PacifiCorp. Market price quotations for certain major electricity and natural
gas trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the first six years, and
therefore, PacifiCorp’s forward price curves for those locations and periods
reflect observable market quotes. Market price quotations for other electricity
and natural gas trading hubs are not as readily obtainable for the six years or
if the instrument is not actively traded. Given that limited market data exists
for these instruments, PacifiCorp uses forward price curves derived from
internal models based on perceived pricing relationships to major trading hubs
that are based on significant unobservable inputs.
Contracts
with explicit or embedded optionality are valued by separating each contract
into its physical and financial forward, swap and option components. Forward and
swap components are valued against the appropriate forward price curve. Options
components are valued using Black-Scholes-type option models, such as European
option, Asian option, spread option and best-of option, with the appropriate
forward price curve and other inputs.
The
following table reconciles the beginning and ending balance of PacifiCorp’s
assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant Level 3 inputs (in millions):
Commodity
Derivatives
|
||||
Balance,
January 1, 2008
|
$ | (311 | ) | |
Unrealized
gains (losses) included in regulatory assets
|
(103 | ) | ||
Purchases,
sales, issuances and settlements
|
(7 | ) | ||
Net
transfers into Level 3
|
13 | |||
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
$ | (408 | ) |
PacifiCorp’s
long-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt are carried at cost in
the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of PacifiCorp’s long-term
debt has been estimated based on quoted market prices. The carrying amount of
variable-rate long-term debt approximates fair value because of the frequent
repricing of these instruments at market rates. The following table presents the
carrying amount and estimated fair value of PacifiCorp’s fixed-rate and
variable-rate long-term debt, including the current portion as of
December 31 (in millions):
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||||
Carrying
|
Fair
|
Carrying
|
Fair
|
|||||||||||||
Amount
|
Value
|
Amount
|
Value
|
|||||||||||||
Long-term
debt
|
$ | 5,503 | $ | 5,769 | $ | 5,118 | $ | 5,350 |
91
(7) Risk
Management and Hedging Activities
PacifiCorp
is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, principally
natural gas and electricity. Interest rate risk exists on variable-rate debt,
commercial paper and future debt issuances. PacifiCorp employs established
policies and procedures to manage its risks associated with these market
fluctuations using various commodity instruments, including forward contracts,
options, swaps and other agreements. The risk management process established by
PacifiCorp is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report, manage and mitigate
each of the various types of risk involved in its business. PacifiCorp’s
portfolio of energy derivatives is substantially used for non-trading purposes.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp had no financial derivatives
in effect relating to interest rate exposure.
The
following table summarizes the various derivative mark-to-market positions
included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2008
(in millions):
Net
Regulatory
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
Derivative Assets (Liabilities)(1)
|
Assets
|
|||||||||||||||
Assets
|
Liabilities
|
Total
|
(Liabilities)
|
|||||||||||||
Commodity
|
$ | 260 | $ | (620 | ) | $ | (360 | ) | $ | 442 | ||||||
Current
|
$ | 174 | $ | (130 | ) | $ | 44 | |||||||||
Non-current
|
86 | (490 | ) | (404 | ) | |||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 260 | $ | (620 | ) | $ | (360 | ) |
(1)
|
Net
derivative assets (liabilities) include $82 million of a net asset
for cash collateral.
|
The
following table summarizes the various derivative mark-to-market positions
included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2007
(in millions):
Net
Regulatory
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
Derivative Assets (Liabilities)
|
Assets
|
|||||||||||||||
Assets
|
Liabilities
|
Total
|
(Liabilities)
|
|||||||||||||
Commodity
|
$ | 357 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (257 | ) | $ | 257 | ||||||
Foreign
currency
|
1 | - | 1 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
$ | 358 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (256 | ) | $ | 256 | |||||||
Current
|
$ | 143 | $ | (117 | ) | $ | 26 | |||||||||
Non-current
|
215 | (497 | ) | (282 | ) | |||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 358 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (256 | ) |
92
The
following table summarizes the amount of the pre-tax unrealized gains and losses
included within the Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with
changes in the fair value of PacifiCorp’s derivative contracts that are not
included in rates (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31,
2006
(1)
|
||||||||||
Operating
revenue
|
$ | - | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 29 | |||||
Energy
costs
|
- | 7 | (133 | ) | ||||||||
Total
unrealized gain (loss) on derivative contracts
|
$ | - | $ | 1 | $ | (104 | ) |
(1)
|
During
the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp reached a
new general rate case stipulation with several parties in Utah and
received approval from the OPUC for a new general rate case settlement in
Oregon. Utah and Oregon together account for approximately 70% of
PacifiCorp’s retail electric operating revenues. Based on management’s
consideration of the two new rate settlements, as well as the power cost
recovery adjustment mechanisms approved in Wyoming and California earlier
in 2006, PacifiCorp changed its estimate of the contracts receiving
recovery in rates. Effective July 21, 2006, PacifiCorp recorded a
$40 million decrease in net regulatory assets for previously recorded
net unrealized gains related to contracts that it determined were probable
of being recovered in rates with a corresponding pre-tax charge to net
income of $44 million and a pre-tax increase to AOCI of
$4 million.
|
Realized
and unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts held for trading
purposes are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of
Operations as operating revenue. Unrealized gains and losses on electricity and
natural gas derivative contracts not held for trading purposes are presented in
the Consolidated Statements of Operations as operating revenue for sales
contracts and as energy costs and operations and maintenance expense for
purchase contracts and financial swap energy contracts. Realized gains and
losses on physically settled derivative contracts not held for trading purposes
are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as operating revenue
for sales contracts and as energy costs for purchase contracts. Realized gains
and losses on non-physically settled forward purchase and sale derivative
contracts not held for trading purposes are presented on a net basis in the
Consolidated Statements of Operations as operating revenue. Realized gains and
losses on financial swap energy contracts are presented in the Consolidated
Statements of Operations as energy costs and operations and maintenance
expense.
Cash
Collateral
Amounts
recognized for cash collateral received from others that was offset against net
derivative assets totaled $78 million as of December 31, 2008 compared
to $160 million of cash collateral provided to others that was offset
against net derivative liabilities as of December 31, 2008. The amounts of
cash collateral received or provided vary primarily based on changes in fair
value of the related positions.
Weather
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
had a non-exchange-traded streamflow weather derivative contract to reduce
PacifiCorp’s exposure to variability in weather conditions that affect
hydroelectric generation. The contract expired on September 30, 2006.
PacifiCorp paid an annual premium in return for the right to make or receive
payments if streamflow levels were above or below certain thresholds. PacifiCorp
recognized a loss of $12 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006. PacifiCorp currently has no streamflow or other weather
derivative contracts.
93
(8) Short-Term
Borrowings
Short-Term
Debt
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had outstanding short-term debt borrowings of
$85 million consisting of commercial paper at an average interest rate of
1.0%. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had no outstanding short-term
debt borrowings.
Revolving
Credit Agreements
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had $1.5 billion of total bank
commitments under two unsecured revolving credit facilities. However,
PacifiCorp’s effective liquidity under these facilities was reduced by
$105 million to $1.4 billion due to the Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.
(“Lehman”) bankruptcy filing in September 2008. Lehman filed for protection
under Chapter 11 of the Federal Bankruptcy Code in the United States
Bankruptcy Court in the Southern District of New York. Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB
and Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc., both subsidiaries of Lehman, have commitments
totaling $105 million in PacifiCorp’s $1.5 billion unsecured revolving
credit facilities. The reduction in available capacity under the credit
facilities as a result of the Lehman bankruptcy did not have a material adverse
impact on PacifiCorp.
Adjusting
for the Lehman bankruptcy, the first credit facility has $760 million of
total bank commitments through July 6, 2011. The commitments reduce over
time to $630 million of remaining availability for the year ending
July 6, 2013. Adjusting for the Lehman bankruptcy, the second credit
facility has $635 million of total bank commitments through
October 23, 2012. Each credit facility includes a variable interest rate
borrowing option based on the London Interbank Offered Rate, plus a margin that
is currently 0.155% and varies based on PacifiCorp’s credit ratings for its
senior unsecured long-term debt securities. These credit facilities support
PacifiCorp’s commercial paper program, unenhanced variable-rate tax-exempt bond
obligations and other short-term borrowing needs.
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had no borrowings outstanding under either
credit facility but had letters of credit under both credit agreements totaling
$220 million to support variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations. In
addition, the credit facilities supported $85 million of commercial paper
borrowings and $38 million of unenhanced variable-rate tax-exempt bond
obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2008. The remaining
$1.1 billion of effective liquidity under the unsecured revolving credit
facilities was available as of December 31, 2008.
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had no borrowings outstanding under either
credit facility.
PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit and other financing agreements contain customary covenants and
default provisions, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1.0. As of December 31,
2008, PacifiCorp was in compliance with the covenants of its revolving credit
and other financing agreements.
94
(9) Long-Term
Debt and Capital Lease Obligations
PacifiCorp’s
long-term debt and capital lease obligations were as follows as of
December 31 (in millions):
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Interest
|
Interest
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Par
Value
|
Amount
|
Rate
|
Amount
|
Rate
|
||||||||||||||||
First
mortgage bonds:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
4.3%
to 9.2%, due through 2013
|
$ | 977 | $ | 976 | 6.9 | % | $ | 1,390 | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||
5.0%
to 8.7%, due 2014 to 2018
|
721 | 720 | 5.5 | 221 | 5.3 | |||||||||||||||
6.7%
to 8.5%, due 2021 to 2023
|
324 | 324 | 7.7 | 324 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||||
6.7%
due 2026
|
100 | 100 | 6.7 | 100 | 6.7 | |||||||||||||||
7.7%
due 2031
|
300 | 299 | 7.7 | 299 | 7.7 | |||||||||||||||
5.3%
to 6.4%, due 2034 to 2038
|
2,350 | 2,345 | 6.0 | 2,046 | 5.9 | |||||||||||||||
Tax-exempt
bond obligations:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2013 (1)
(2)
|
41 | 41 | 0.8 | 41 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2014 to 2025 (2)
|
325 | 325 | 1.1 | 325 | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2024 (1)
(2)
|
176 | 176 | 0.9 | 176 | 3.8 | |||||||||||||||
3.4%
to 5.7%, due 2014 to 2025 (1)
|
184 | 184 | 4.5 | 183 | 4.5 | |||||||||||||||
6.2%
due 2030
|
13 | 13 | 6.2 | 13 | 6.2 | |||||||||||||||
Total
long-term debt
|
5,511 | 5,503 | 5,118 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital
lease obligations:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
8.8%
to 14.8%, due through 2036
|
65 | 65 | 11.6 | 49 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||||
Total
long-term debt and capital lease obligations
|
$ | 5,576 | $ | 5,568 | $ | 5,167 |
Reflected
as:
|
||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Current
portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
|
$ | 144 | $ | 414 | ||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations
|
5,424 | 4,753 | ||||||
Total
long-term debt and capital lease obligations
|
$ | 5,568 | $ | 5,167 |
(1)
|
Secured
by pledged first mortgage bonds generally at the same interest rates,
maturity dates and redemption provisions as the tax-exempt bond
obligations.
|
(2)
|
Interest
rates fluctuate based on various rates, primarily on certificate of
deposit rates, interbank borrowing rates, prime rates or other short-term
market rates.
|
First
mortgage bonds of PacifiCorp may be issued in amounts limited by PacifiCorp’s
property, earnings and other provisions of PacifiCorp’s mortgage. Approximately
$17.8 billion of the eligible assets (based on original cost) of PacifiCorp
were subject to the lien of the mortgage as of December 31,
2008.
In
January 2009, PacifiCorp issued $350 million of its 5.50% First
Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2019 and $650 million of its 6.00%
First Mortgage Bonds due January 15, 2039.
In
September 2008, PacifiCorp acquired $216 million of its insured
variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations due to the significant reduction in
market liquidity for insured variable-rate obligations. In November 2008,
the associated insurance and related standby bond purchase agreements were
terminated and these variable-rate long-term debt obligations were remarketed
with credit enhancement and liquidity support provided by $220 million of
letters of credit issued under PacifiCorp’s two unsecured revolving credit
facilities.
95
In
January 2008, PacifiCorp received regulatory authority from the OPUC and
the Idaho Public Utilities Commission to issue up to an additional
$2.0 billion of long-term debt. PacifiCorp must make a notice filing with
the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission prior to any future
issuance. Also in January 2008, PacifiCorp filed a shelf registration
statement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission covering
future first mortgage bond issuances. PacifiCorp’s long-term debt issuances in
January 2009 and during the year ended December 31, 2008 were covered
under the above-noted regulatory authorities and shelf registration
statement.
As of
December 31, 2008, $4.3 billion of first mortgage bonds were
redeemable at PacifiCorp’s option at redemption prices dependent upon United
States Treasury yields. As of December 31, 2008, $542 million of
variable-rate tax-exempt bond obligations and $84 million of fixed-rate
tax-exempt bond obligations were redeemable at PacifiCorp’s option at par. The
remaining long-term debt was not redeemable as of December 31,
2008.
As of
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had $517 million of letters of credit
available to provide credit enhancement and liquidity support for variable-rate
tax-exempt bond obligations totaling $504 million plus interest. These
committed bank arrangements were fully available at December 31, 2008 and
expire periodically through May 2012.
In
addition, as of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had approximately
$18 million of letters of credit available to provide credit support for
certain transactions as requested by third parties. These committed bank
arrangements were all fully available as of December 31, 2008 and have
provisions that automatically extend the annual expiration dates for an
additional year unless the issuing bank elects not to renew a letter of credit
prior to the expiration date.
PacifiCorp’s
letters of credit generally contain similar covenants and default provisions to
those contained in PacifiCorp’s revolving credit agreement, including a covenant
not to exceed a specified debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1.0.
PacifiCorp monitors these covenants on a regular basis in order to ensure that
events of default will not occur and as of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp
was in compliance with these covenants.
PacifiCorp
has entered into long-term agreements that expire at various dates through
October 2036 for transportation services, purchase power agreements, real
estate and for the use of certain equipment that qualify as capital leases. The
transportation services agreements included as capital leases are for the right
to use pipeline facilities to provide natural gas to three of PacifiCorp’s
generating facilities. Net assets accounted for as capital leases of
$65 million and $49 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, were included in property, plant and equipment, net in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The
annual maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations for the years
beginning January 1, 2009 and thereafter, excluding unamortized discounts,
are as follows (in millions):
Long-term
|
Capital Lease
|
|||||||||||
Debt
|
Obligations(1)
|
Total
|
||||||||||
2009
|
$ | 139 | $ | 13 | $ | 152 | ||||||
2010
|
14 | 9 | 23 | |||||||||
2011
|
587 | 8 | 595 | |||||||||
2012
|
17 | 8 | 25 | |||||||||
2013
|
261 | 12 | 273 | |||||||||
Thereafter
|
4,493 | 106 | 4,599 | |||||||||
Total
|
5,511 | 156 | 5,667 | |||||||||
Amounts
representing interest
|
- | (91 | ) | (91 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
$ | 5,511 | $ | 65 | $ | 5,576 |
(1)
|
Excluded
from these amounts are approximately $46 million of capital lease
executory costs, including taxes, maintenance and
insurance.
|
96
(10) Asset
Retirement Obligations
PacifiCorp
estimates its ARO liabilities based upon detailed engineering calculations of
the amount and timing of the future cash spending for a third party to perform
the required work. Spending estimates are escalated for inflation and then
discounted at a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. Changes in estimates could
occur for a number of reasons, including plan revisions, inflation and changes
in the amount and timing of the expected work.
PacifiCorp
does not recognize liabilities for AROs for which the fair value cannot be
reasonably estimated. Due to the indeterminate removal date, the fair value of
the associated liabilities on certain transmission, distribution and other
assets cannot currently be estimated and no amounts are recognized in the
accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements other than those included in the
regulatory removal cost liability established via approved depreciation
rates.
The
change in the balance of the total ARO liability, which is included in other
long-term liabilities and other current liabilities, is summarized as follows as
of December 31 (in millions):
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Balance,
January 1
|
$ | 185 | $ | 221 | ||||
Additions
|
2 | 2 | ||||||
Retirements
|
(24 | ) | (27 | ) | ||||
Change
in estimated costs (1)
|
(8 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||
Accretion
|
10 | 11 | ||||||
Balance,
December 31
|
$ | 165 | $ | 185 |
(1)
|
Results
from changes in the timing and amounts of estimated cash flows for certain
plant and mine reclamation.
|
PacifiCorp’s
coal mining operations are subject to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation
Act of 1977 and similar state statutes that establish operational, reclamation
and closure standards that must be met during and upon completion of mining
activities. These statutes mandate that mining property be restored consistent
with specific standards and the approved reclamation plan. PacifiCorp incurs
expenditures for both ongoing and final reclamation. PacifiCorp’s ARO
liabilities consist principally of mine reclamation obligations for its Jim
Bridger mine that were $84 million and $110 million as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
PacifiCorp,
by contract with Idaho Power Company, the minority owner of the Bridger Coal
Company, maintains a trust for final reclamation of the Jim Bridger mine. The
fair value of the assets held in trust was $79 million and
$117 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and is
included in other current assets and deferred charges, investments and other,
including the minority interest joint-owner portions, in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets.
Certain
of PacifiCorp’s decommissioning and reclamation obligations relate to jointly
owned facilities and mine sites. For decommissioning, PacifiCorp is committed to
pay a proportionate share of the decommissioning costs based upon its ownership
percentage, or in the case of mine reclamation obligations, PacifiCorp has
committed to pay a proportionate share of mine reclamation costs based on the
amount of coal purchased by PacifiCorp. In the event of default by any of the
other joint participants, PacifiCorp potentially may be obligated to absorb,
directly or by paying additional sums to the entity, a proportionate share of
the defaulting party’s liability. PacifiCorp’s estimated share of the
decommissioning and reclamation obligations are primarily recorded as ARO
liabilities.
97
(11) Employee Benefit Plans
PacifiCorp
sponsors defined benefit pension plans that cover the majority of its employees
and also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits
through various plans for eligible retirees. In addition, PacifiCorp sponsors a
defined contribution 401(k) employee savings plan (the “401(k) Plan”).
Non-union employees hired on or after January 1, 2008 and certain union new
hires are not eligible to participate in the PacifiCorp Retirement Plan (the
“Retirement Plan”). These employees are eligible to receive enhanced benefits
under the 401(k) Plan.
Pension
and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
PacifiCorp’s
pension plans include a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan, the
Retirement Plan; the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”); and
certain joint trust union plans to which PacifiCorp contributes on behalf of
certain bargaining units. Benefits for certain union employees covered under the
Retirement Plan are based on the employee’s years of service and average monthly
pay in the 60 consecutive months of highest pay out of the last
120 months, with adjustments to reflect benefits estimated to be received
from social security. At December 31, 2008, all non-union Retirement Plan
participants, as well as certain union participants, earn benefits based on a
cash balance formula. Refer to the discussion of curtailments
below.
The cost
of other postretirement benefits, including health care and life insurance
benefits for eligible retirees, is accrued over the active service period of
employees. PacifiCorp funds these other postretirement benefits through a
combination of funding vehicles. PacifiCorp also contributes to joint trust
union plans for postretirement benefits offered to certain bargaining
units.
Measurement
Date Change
PacifiCorp
adopted the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 at
December 31, 2008, which requires that an employer measure plan assets and
benefit obligations at the end of the employer’s fiscal year. Effective
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp changed its measurement date from
September 30 to December 31 and recorded a $14 million
transitional adjustment. The components of the measurement date change
transitional adjustment were as follows on a pre-tax basis (in
millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Service
cost
|
$ | 7 | $ | 2 | $ | 9 | ||||||
Interest
cost
|
16 | 8 | 24 | |||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
(18 | ) | (7 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||||
Net
amortization
|
2 | 4 | 6 | |||||||||
Total
|
$ | 7 | $ | 7 | $ | 14 |
The
$14 million transitional adjustment includes $12 million recorded as
an increase in regulatory assets for the portion considered probable of recovery
in rates and $2 million recorded as a reduction ($1 million after-tax)
in retained earnings for the portion not considered probable of recovery in
rates. The $12 million increase to regulatory assets will be amortized over
three to 10 years based on agreements with various state regulatory commissions.
The recognition of service cost, interest cost and expected return on plan
assets, totaling $8 million, resulted in an increase in pension and other
postretirement liabilities. The $6 million net amortization represents
recognition of prior service cost, net transition obligation and actuarial net
loss and resulted in a reduction in regulatory assets.
Curtailments
In
August 2008, non-union employee participants in the Retirement Plan were
offered the option to continue to receive pay credits in their current cash
balance formula of the Retirement Plan or receive equivalent fixed contributions
to the 401(k) Plan. The election was effective January 1, 2009, and
resulted in the recognition of a $38 million curtailment gain. PacifiCorp
recorded $36 million of the curtailment gain as a reduction to regulatory
assets as of December 31, 2008, representing the amount to be returned to
customers in rates. The reduction to the regulatory asset will be amortized over
a period of three to 10 years based on agreements with various state regulatory
commissions.
98
Effective
December 31, 2007, Local Union No. 659 of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (“Local 659”) elected to cease
participation in the Retirement Plan and participate only in the
401(k) Plan with enhanced benefits. As a result of this election, the
Local 659 participants’ Retirement Plan benefits were frozen as of
December 31, 2007. This change resulted in a $2 million curtailment
gain that was recorded as a reduction to regulatory assets as of
December 31, 2008 based on the requirement to return the amount to
customers in rates. It will be amortized over a period of three to 10 years
based on agreements with various state regulatory commissions. Also as a result
of this change, PacifiCorp’s pension liability and regulatory assets each
decreased by $13 million.
Change
in Benefit Formula
Effective
June 1, 2007, PacifiCorp switched from a traditional final-average-pay
formula for the Retirement Plan to a cash balance formula for its non-union
employees. As a result of the change, benefits under the traditional
final-average-pay formula were frozen as of May 31, 2007 for non-union
employees, and PacifiCorp’s pension liability and regulatory assets each
decreased by $111 million.
Net
Periodic Benefit Cost
For
purposes of calculating the expected return on plan assets, a market-related
value is used. The market-related value of plan assets is calculated by
spreading the difference between expected and actual investment returns over a
five-year period beginning after the first year in which they occur. In
addition, as differences between expected and actual investment returns are
admitted into the market-related value of plan assets, the corresponding gains
or losses are then amortized and included in the net amortization component of
net periodic benefit cost.
Net
periodic benefit cost for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans
included the following components (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Period
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
2008
(2)
|
2007
|
2006
|
2008
(2)
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Service
cost (1)
|
$ | 27 | $ | 29 | $ | 22 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | ||||||||||||
Interest
cost
|
67 | 71 | 56 | 33 | 33 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
(72 | ) | (68 | ) | (54 | ) | (28 | ) | (26 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net
amortization
|
7 | 23 | 23 | 15 | 19 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost
of termination benefits
|
- | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Curtailment
loss (gain)
|
(2 | ) | - | 1 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
Net
periodic benefit cost
|
$ | 27 | $ | 56 | $ | 50 | $ | 27 | $ | 33 | $ | 28 |
(1)
|
Service
cost excludes $13 million and $12 million of contributions to
the joint trust union plans during the years ended December 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively, and $6 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006.
|
(2)
|
Excludes
impact of the measurement date change and the portion of the curtailment
gains required to be returned to customers in rates. Refer to “Measurement
Date Change” and “Curtailments”
above.
|
99
Funded
Status
The
following table is a reconciliation of the fair value of plan assets as of the
end of the year (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, beginning of year
|
$ | 963 | $ | 884 | $ | 378 | $ | 318 | ||||||||
Employer
contributions
|
70 | 80 | 42 | 46 | ||||||||||||
Participant
contributions
|
- | - | 14 | 11 | ||||||||||||
Actual
return on plan assets
|
(224 | ) | 118 | (103 | ) | 46 | ||||||||||
Benefits
paid
|
(117 | ) | (119 | ) | (47 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, end of year
|
$ | 692 | $ | 963 | $ | 284 | $ | 378 |
The
following table is a reconciliation of the benefit obligations as of the end of
the year (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Benefit
obligation, beginning of year
|
$ | 1,111 | $ | 1,333 | $ | 536 | $ | 566 | ||||||||
Service
cost (1)
|
34 | 29 | 9 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Interest
cost (1)
|
83 | 71 | 41 | 33 | ||||||||||||
Participant
contributions
|
- | - | 14 | 11 | ||||||||||||
Plan
amendments
|
(7 | ) | (130 | ) | (12 | ) | - | |||||||||
Curtailment
|
(13 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Actuarial
gain
|
(21 | ) | (74 | ) | (56 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||||||
Benefits
paid, net of Medicare subsidy
|
(117 | ) | (119 | ) | (43 | ) | (41 | ) | ||||||||
Cost
of termination benefits
|
- | 1 | - | - | ||||||||||||
Benefit
obligation, end of year
|
$ | 1,070 | $ | 1,111 | $ | 489 | $ | 536 | ||||||||
Accumulated
benefit obligation, end of year
|
$ | 1,048 | $ | 1,061 |
(1)
|
Included
in the pension and other postretirement liabilities increase in connection
with the measurement date change in 2008 was additional service cost of
$7 million and $2 million and additional interest cost of
$16 million and $8 million for the pension and other
postretirement benefit plans,
respectively.
|
100
The
funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets are as follows as of December 31
(in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, end of year
|
$ | 692 | $ | 963 | $ | 284 | $ | 378 | ||||||||
Less
– Benefit
obligation, end of year
|
1,070 | 1,111 | 489 | 536 | ||||||||||||
Funded
status
|
(378 | ) | (148 | ) | (205 | ) | (158 | ) | ||||||||
Contributions
after the measurement date but before year-end
|
- | - | - | 12 | ||||||||||||
Amounts
recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
$ | (378 | ) | $ | (148 | ) | $ | (205 | ) | $ | (146 | ) | ||||
Amounts
recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
|
||||||||||||||||
Other
current liabilities
|
$ | (4 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Other
long-term liabilities
|
(374 | ) | (144 | ) | (205 | ) | (146 | ) | ||||||||
Amounts
recognized
|
$ | (378 | ) | $ | (148 | ) | $ | (205 | ) | $ | (146 | ) |
The SERP
has no plan assets; however, PacifiCorp has a Rabbi trust that holds
corporate-owned life insurance and other investments to provide funding for the
future cash requirements of the SERP. The cash surrender value of all of the
policies included in the Rabbi trust, net of amounts borrowed against the cash
surrender value, plus the fair market value of other Rabbi trust investments,
was $38 million and $40 million as of December 31, 2008 and
2007, respectively. These assets are not included in the plan assets in the
above table, but are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The portion
of the pension plans’ projected benefit obligation related to the SERP was
$50 million and $52 million as of December 31, 2008 and
2007, respectively. The SERP’s accumulated benefit obligation totaled
$50 million and $52 million as of December 31, 2008 and
2007, respectively.
Unrecognized
Amounts
The
portion of the funded status of the plans not yet recognized in net periodic
benefit cost is as follows as of December 31 (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Amounts
not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit
cost:
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | 508 | $ | 250 | $ | 128 | $ | 45 | ||||||||
Prior
service cost (credit)
|
(68 | ) | (115 | ) | 1 | 17 | ||||||||||
Net
transition obligation
|
- | 3 | 45 | 60 | ||||||||||||
Regulatory
deferrals (1)
|
(32 | ) | - | 6 | - | |||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 408 | $ | 138 | $ | 180 | $ | 122 |
(1)
|
Consists
of amounts related to the portion of the curtailment gains and the
measurement date change transitional adjustment that are considered
probable of inclusion in rates.
|
101
A
reconciliation of the amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic
benefit cost for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows
(in millions):
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||
Other
|
||||||||||||
Regulatory
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||
Asset
|
Loss,
Net
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Pension
|
||||||||||||
Balance,
January 1, 2007
|
$ | 405 | $ | 9 | $ | 414 | ||||||
Net
gain arising during the year
|
(121 | ) | (2 | ) | (123 | ) | ||||||
Prior
service credit arising during the year
|
(129 | ) | (1 | ) | (130 | ) | ||||||
Net
amortization
|
(23 | ) | - | (23 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
(273 | ) | (3 | ) | (276 | ) | ||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2007
|
$ | 132 | $ | 6 | $ | 138 | ||||||
Balance,
January 1, 2008
|
$ | 132 | $ | 6 | $ | 138 | ||||||
Net
(gain) loss arising during the year
|
293 | (2 | ) | 291 | ||||||||
Prior
service credit arising during the year
|
(7 | ) | - | (7 | ) | |||||||
Curtailment
gains
|
(11 | ) | - | (11 | ) | |||||||
Measurement
date change
|
6 | 6 | ||||||||||
Net
amortization (1)
|
(9 | ) | - | (9 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
272 | (2 | ) | 270 | ||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
$ | 404 | $ | 4 | $ | 408 |
Deferred
|
||||||||||||
Regulatory
|
Income
|
|||||||||||
Asset
|
Taxes
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Other
Postretirement
|
||||||||||||
Balance,
January 1, 2007
|
$ | 161 | $ | 40 | $ | 201 | ||||||
Net
gain arising during the year
|
(47 | ) | (13 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||
Net
amortization
|
(19 | ) | - | (19 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
(66 | ) | (13 | ) | (79 | ) | ||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2007
|
$ | 95 | $ | 27 | $ | 122 | ||||||
Balance,
January 1, 2008
|
$ | 95 | $ | 27 | $ | 122 | ||||||
Net
loss (gain) arising during the year
|
91 | (7 | ) | 84 | ||||||||
Prior
service credit arising during the year
|
(13 | ) | - | (13 | ) | |||||||
Measurement
date change
|
6 | - | 6 | |||||||||
Net
amortization (1)
|
(19 | ) | - | (19 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
65 | (7 | ) | 58 | ||||||||
Balance,
December 31, 2008
|
$ | 160 | $ | 20 | $ | 180 |
(1)
|
Included
in the regulatory asset decrease in connection with the measurement date
change in 2008 was additional amortization of $2 million and
$4 million for the pension and other postretirement benefit plans,
respectively.
|
The net
loss, prior service credit, net transition obligation and regulatory deferrals
that will be amortized in 2009 into net periodic benefit cost are estimated to
be as follows (in millions):
Net
|
Prior Service
|
Net Transition
|
Regulatory
|
|||||||||||||||||
Loss
|
Credit
|
Obligation
|
Deferrals
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension
benefits
|
$ | 18 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | - | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 2 | ||||||||
Other
postretirement benefits
|
- | - | 12 | 1 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 18 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 12 | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 15 |
102
Plan
Assumptions
Assumptions
used to determine benefit obligations and net benefit cost were as
follows:
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Period
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Benefit
obligations as of the measurement date:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
6.90 | % | 6.30 | % | 5.85 | % | 6.90 | % | 6.45 | % | 6.00 | % | ||||||||||||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
3.50 | 4.00 | 4.00 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
Net
benefit cost for the period ended:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
6.30 | % | 5.76 | % | 5.75 | % | 6.45 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | ||||||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
7.75 | 8.00 | 8.50 | 7.75 | 8.00 | 8.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
In
establishing its assumption as to the expected return on plan assets, PacifiCorp
reviews the expected asset allocation and develops return assumptions for each
asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the
financial markets.
Assumed
health care cost trend rates as of the measurement date:
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Health
care cost trend rate assumed for next year - under 65
|
8 | % | 9 | % | ||||
Health
care cost trend rate assumed for next year - over 65
|
6 | 7 | ||||||
Rate
that the cost trend rate gradually declines to
|
5
|
5 | ||||||
Year
that rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at – under
65
|
2012
|
2012
|
||||||
Year
that rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at – over
65
|
2010
|
2010
|
A
one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have
the following effects (in millions):
Increase
(Decrease)
|
||||||||
One
Percentage-Point
|
One
Percentage-Point
|
|||||||
Increase
|
Decrease
|
|||||||
Effect
on total service and interest cost
|
$ | 3 | $ | (2 | ) | |||
Effect
on other postretirement benefit obligation
|
31 | (26 | ) |
Contributions
and Benefit Payments
Employer
contributions to the pension, other postretirement benefit plans and the joint
trust union plans are expected to be $54 million, $25 million and
$13 million, respectively, for 2009. Funding to the established pension
trust is based upon the actuarially determined costs of the plan and the
requirement of the Internal Revenue Code, the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974 and the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended.
PacifiCorp’s policy is to contribute to its other postretirement benefit plan an
amount equal to the sum of the net periodic cost and the expected Medicare
subsidy.
103
The
Plan’s expected benefit payments to participants for its pension and other
postretirement benefit plans for 2009 through 2013 and for the five years
thereafter are summarized below (in millions):
Projected
Benefit Payments
|
||||||||||||||||
Other
Postretirement
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension
|
Gross
|
Medicare Subsidy
|
Net
of Subsidy
|
|||||||||||||
2009
|
$ | 90 | $ | 36 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 33 | |||||||
2010
|
93 | 37 | (3 | ) | 34 | |||||||||||
2011
|
95 | 38 | (4 | ) | 34 | |||||||||||
2012
|
96 | 39 | (4 | ) | 35 | |||||||||||
2013
|
101 | 40 | (5 | ) | 35 | |||||||||||
2014
– 2018
|
504 | 220 | (30 | ) | 190 |
Investment
Policy and Asset Allocation
PacifiCorp’s
investment policy for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans is to
balance risk and return through a diversified portfolio of equity securities,
fixed income securities and other alternative investments. Asset allocation for
the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are as indicated in the
tables below. Maturities for fixed income securities are managed to targets
consistent with prudent risk tolerances. Sufficient liquidity is maintained to
meet near-term benefit payment obligations. The plans retain outside investment
advisors to manage plan investments within the parameters outlined by
PacifiCorp’s Pension Investment Committee. The weighted-average return on assets
assumption is based on historical performance for the types of assets in which
the plans invest.
PacifiCorp’s
pension plan trust includes a separate account that is used to fund benefits for
the other postretirement benefit plan. In addition to this separate account, the
assets for other postretirement benefits are held in two Voluntary Employees’
Beneficiaries Association (“VEBA”) Trusts, each of which has its own investment
allocation strategies. PacifiCorp’s asset allocation (percentage of plan assets)
as of December 31 was as follows:
Pension
Plan Trust
|
VEBA
Trusts
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
Target
|
2008
|
2007
|
Target
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity
securities
|
49 | % | 56 | % | 53 – 57 | % | 64 | % | 64 | % | 63 – 67 | % | ||||||||||||
Debt
securities
|
40 | 35 | 33 – 37 | 36 | 36 | 33 – 37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
11 | 9 | 8 – 12 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
PacifiCorp’s
benefit plan asset allocations were impacted by the highly volatile capital
markets in the second half of 2008.
Defined
Contribution Plan
PacifiCorp’s
401(k) Plan covers substantially all employees. PacifiCorp’s contributions
are based primarily on each participant’s level of contribution and cannot
exceed the maximum allowable for tax purposes to the 401(k) Plan.
PacifiCorp’s contributions were $23 million and $19 million during the
years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $16 million
during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
Severance
PacifiCorp
incurred no severance expense during the year ended December 31, 2008,
$4 million during the year ended December 31, 2007 and
$31 million during the nine-month period ended December 31,
2006.
104
(12) Income
Taxes
Income
tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Current:
|
||||||||||||
Federal
|
$ | (64 | ) | $ | 162 | $ | 71 | |||||
State
|
(6 | ) | 19 | 9 | ||||||||
Total
|
(70 | ) | 181 | 80 | ||||||||
Deferred:
|
||||||||||||
Federal
|
276 | 41 | 11 | |||||||||
State
|
36 | 6 | 1 | |||||||||
Total
|
312 | 47 | 12 | |||||||||
Investment
tax credits
|
(4 | ) | (8 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||
Total
income tax expense
|
$ | 238 | $ | 220 | $ | 86 |
A
reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate
applicable to income before income tax expense is as follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Period Ended
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Federal
statutory tax rate
|
35 | % | 35 | % | 35 | % | ||||||
State
taxes, net of federal benefit
|
3 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||
Effect
of regulatory treatment of depreciation differences
|
1 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||
Tax
reserves
|
- | (1 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||
Tax
credits (1)
|
(5 | ) | (3 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||||
Other
|
- | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||
Effective
income tax rate
|
34 | % | 33 | % | 35 | % |
(1)
|
Primarily
attributable to the impact of federal renewable electricity production tax
credits related to qualifying wind-powered generating facilities that
extend 10 years from the date the facilities were placed in
service.
|
105
The net
deferred tax liability consists of the following as of December 31
(in millions):
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Deferred
tax assets:
|
||||||||
Regulatory
liabilities
|
$ | 319 | $ | 311 | ||||
Employee
benefits
|
249 | 138 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
169 | 107 | ||||||
Other
|
153 | 167 | ||||||
890 | 723 | |||||||
Deferred
tax liabilities:
|
||||||||
Property,
plant and equipment
|
(1,940 | ) | (1,641 | ) | ||||
Regulatory
assets
|
(881 | ) | (695 | ) | ||||
Other
|
(20 | ) | (33 | ) | ||||
(2,841 | ) | (2,369 | ) | |||||
Net
deferred tax liability
|
$ | (1,951 | ) | $ | (1,646 | ) | ||
Reflected
as:
|
||||||||
Deferred
income taxes – current
assets
|
$ | 74 | $ | 55 | ||||
Deferred
income taxes-non –
current liabilities
|
(2,025 | ) | (1,701 | ) | ||||
$ | (1,951 | ) | $ | (1,646 | ) |
The sale
of PacifiCorp to MEHC on March 21, 2006 triggered certain tax related
events that remain unsettled. PacifiCorp does not believe that the tax, if any,
arising from the ultimate settlement of these events will have a material impact
on its consolidated financial results.
PacifiCorp
adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes–an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”),
effective January 1, 2007 and had a net asset of $22 million for
uncertain tax positions. PacifiCorp recognized a net increase in the asset of
$22 million as a cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48, which was
offset by increases in beginning retained earnings of $13 million and
deferred income tax liabilities of $9 million in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets. The $22 million was included in other long-term liabilities in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp had a net asset of $13 million
for uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the net
asset for uncertain tax positions included $14 million and
$15 million, respectively, of tax positions that, if recognized, would have
an impact on the effective tax rate. The remaining unrecognized tax benefits
relate to positions for which ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for
which there is uncertainty as to the timing of such deductibility. Recognition
of these tax benefits, other than applicable interest and penalties, would not
affect PacifiCorp’s effective tax rate. The current portion of uncertain tax
positions is included in accrued taxes at December 31, 2008 and other
current assets at December 31, 2007 and the non-current portion is included
in other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
106
(13) Commitments
and Contingencies
Legal
Matters
PacifiCorp
is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of
business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. PacifiCorp
does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material
effect on its consolidated financial results. PacifiCorp is also involved in
other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek
to impose fines and penalties in substantial amounts and are described
below.
In
February 2007, the Sierra Club and the Wyoming Outdoor Council filed a
complaint against PacifiCorp in the federal district court in Cheyenne, Wyoming,
alleging violations of the Wyoming state opacity standards at PacifiCorp’s Jim
Bridger plant in Wyoming. Under Wyoming state requirements, which are part of
the Jim Bridger plant’s Title V permit and are enforceable by private citizens
under the federal Clean Air Act, a potential source of pollutants such as a
coal-fired generating facility must meet minimum standards for opacity, which is
a measurement of light that is obscured in the flue of a generating facility.
The complaint alleges thousands of violations of asserted six-minute compliance
periods and seeks an injunction ordering the Jim Bridger plant’s compliance with
opacity limits, civil penalties of $32,500 per day per violation, and the
plaintiffs’ costs of litigation. The court granted a motion to bifurcate the
trial into separate liability and remedy phases. In March 2008, the court
indefinitely postponed the date for the liability-phase trial. The remedy-phase
trial has not yet been scheduled. The court also has before it a number of
motions on which it has not yet ruled. PacifiCorp believes it has a number of
defenses to the claims. PacifiCorp intends to vigorously oppose the lawsuit but
cannot predict its outcome at this time. PacifiCorp has already committed to
invest at least $812 million in pollution control equipment at its
generating facilities, including the Jim Bridger plant. This commitment is
expected to significantly reduce system-wide emissions, including emissions at
the Jim Bridger plant.
Environmental
Regulation
Environmental
Matters
PacifiCorp
is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding air and
water quality, hazardous and solid waste disposal and other environmental
matters that have the potential to impact PacifiCorp’s current and future
operations. PacifiCorp believes it is in material compliance with current
environmental requirements.
New
Source Review
As part
of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the New Source
Review (“NSR”) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) provisions,
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) has requested
from numerous utilities information and supporting documentation regarding their
capital projects for various generating facilities. Between 2001 and 2003,
PacifiCorp responded to requests for information relating to its capital
projects at its generating facilities and has been engaged in periodic
discussions with the EPA over several years regarding PacifiCorp’s historical
projects and their compliance with NSR and PSD provisions. An NSR enforcement
case against another utility has been decided by the United States Supreme
Court, holding that an increase in annual emissions of a generating facility,
when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational change), may
trigger NSR permitting. PacifiCorp cannot predict the outcome of its discussions
with the EPA at this time; however, PacifiCorp could be required to install
additional emissions controls, and incur additional costs and penalties, in the
event it is determined that PacifiCorp’s historical projects did not meet all
regulatory requirements.
107
Accrued
Environmental Costs
PacifiCorp
is fully or partly responsible for environmental remediation at various
contaminated sites, including sites that are or were part of PacifiCorp’s
operations and sites owned by third parties. PacifiCorp accrues environmental
remediation expenses when the expenses are believed to be probable and can be
reasonably estimated. The quantification of environmental exposures is based on
many factors, including changing laws and regulations, advancements in
environmental technologies, the quality of available site-specific information,
site investigation results, expected remediation or settlement timelines,
PacifiCorp’s proportionate responsibility, contractual indemnities and coverage
provided by insurance policies. Remediation costs that are fixed and
determinable have been discounted to their present value using credit-adjusted,
risk-free discount rates based on the expected future annual borrowing costs of
PacifiCorp. The liability recorded as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 was
$26 million and $29 million, respectively, and is included in other
current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets. Environmental remediation liabilities that separately result from the
normal operation of long-lived assets and that are associated with the
retirement of those assets are separately accounted for as AROs. The
December 31, 2008 recorded liability included $18 million of
discounted liabilities. Had none of the liabilities included in the
$26 million balance recorded as of December 31, 2008 been discounted,
the total would have been $30 million. The expected undiscounted payments
for each of the years ending December 31, 2009 through 2013 and thereafter
are as follows: $8 million in 2009, $4 million in 2010,
$2 million in 2011, $1 million in 2012, $1 million in 2013 and
$14 million thereafter.
Hydroelectric
Relicensing
PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric portfolio consists of 47 generating facilities with an
aggregate facility net owned capacity of 1,158 MW. The Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission (the “FERC”) regulates 98% of the net capacity of
this portfolio through 16 individual licenses, which typically have terms
of 30 to 50 years. In April 2008 and June 2008, the FERC
issued new licenses for the Prospect and the Lewis River hydroelectric systems,
respectively, as described below. PacifiCorp’s Klamath hydroelectric system is
the remaining hydroelectric generating facility actively engaged in the
relicensing process with the FERC. Hydroelectric relicensing and the related
environmental compliance requirements and litigation are subject to
uncertainties. PacifiCorp expects that future costs relating to these matters
will be significant and will consist primarily of additional relicensing costs,
as well as ongoing operations and maintenance expense and capital expenditures
required by its hydroelectric licenses. Electricity generation reductions may
result from the additional environmental requirements. PacifiCorp had incurred
$57 million and $89 million in costs, included in construction
work-in-progress within property, plant and equipment, net, as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, for ongoing hydroelectric
relicensing. Refer to Hydroelectric Commitments section below for a discussion
regarding existing capital expenditures commitments related to hydroelectric
licenses under which PacifiCorp is currently operating.
Klamath Hydroelectric System
– Klamath River, Oregon and California
In
February 2004, PacifiCorp filed with the FERC a final application for a new
license to operate the 169-MW Klamath hydroelectric system in anticipation of
the March 2006 expiration of the existing license. PacifiCorp is currently
operating under an annual license issued by the FERC and expects to continue
operating under annual licenses until the relicensing process is complete. As
part of the relicensing process, the FERC is required to perform an
environmental review and in November 2007, the FERC issued its final
environmental impact statement. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service and
the National Marine Fisheries Service issued final biological opinions in
December 2007 analyzing the Klamath hydroelectric system’s impact on
endangered species under a new FERC license consistent with the FERC staff’s
recommended license alternative and terms and conditions issued by the United
States Departments of the Interior and Commerce. These terms and conditions
include construction of upstream and downstream fish passage facilities at the
Klamath hydroelectric system’s four mainstem dams. PacifiCorp will need to
obtain water quality certifications from Oregon and California prior to the FERC
issuing a final license. PacifiCorp currently has water quality applications
pending in Oregon and California.
108
In
November 2008, PacifiCorp signed a non-binding agreement in principle
(the “AIP”) that lays out a framework for the disposition of PacifiCorp’s
Klamath hydroelectric system relicensing process, including a path toward dam
transfer and removal by an entity other than PacifiCorp no earlier than 2020.
Parties to the AIP are PacifiCorp, the United States Department of the Interior,
the State of Oregon and the State of California. Any transfer of facilities and
subsequent removal are contingent on PacifiCorp reaching a comprehensive final
settlement agreement with the AIP signatories and other stakeholders.
Negotiations on a final agreement have begun and the AIP states that a final
agreement is expected no later than June 30, 2009. As provided in the AIP,
PacifiCorp’s support for a definitive settlement will depend on the inclusion of
protection for PacifiCorp and its customers from dam removal costs and
liabilities.
The AIP
includes provisions to:
|
·
|
Perform
studies and implement certain measures designed to benefit aquatic species
and their habitat in the Klamath
Basin;
|
|
·
|
Support
and implement legislation in Oregon authorizing a customer surcharge
intended to cover potential dam removal;
and
|
|
·
|
Require
parties to support proposed federal legislation introduced to facilitate a
final agreement.
|
Assuming
a final agreement is reached, the United States government will conduct
scientific and engineering studies and consult with state, local and tribal
governments and other stakeholders, as appropriate, to determine by
March 31, 2012 whether the benefits of dam removal will justify the
costs.
In
addition to signing the AIP, PacifiCorp recently provided both the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service an interim
conservation plan aimed at providing additional protections for endangered
species in the Klamath Basin. PacifiCorp is currently collaborating with both
agencies to implement the plan.
As of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp had $57 million and
$48 million, respectively, in costs related to the relicensing of the
Klamath hydroelectric system included in construction work-in-progress within
property, plant and equipment, net in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
Lewis River Hydroelectric
System – Lewis River, Washington
PacifiCorp
filed new license applications with the FERC for the 136-MW Merwin and 240-MW
Swift No. 1 hydroelectric facilities in April 2004. An application for
a new license for the 134-MW Yale hydroelectric facility was filed with the FERC
in April 1999. However, consideration of the Yale application was delayed
pending filing of the Merwin and Swift No. 1 applications so that the FERC
could complete a comprehensive environmental analysis.
In
November 2004, PacifiCorp executed a comprehensive settlement agreement
with 26 other parties, including state and federal agencies, Native
American tribes, conservation groups and local government and citizen groups, to
resolve, among the parties, issues related to the pending applications for new
licenses for PacifiCorp’s Merwin, Swift No. 1 and Yale hydroelectric
facilities. As part of this settlement agreement, PacifiCorp agreed to implement
certain protection, mitigation and enhancement measures prior to and during a
proposed 50-year license period. In June 2008, the FERC issued new
individual licenses for the Merwin, Swift No. 1 and Yale hydroelectric
facilities, each for a period of 50 years, effective June 1, 2008. In
July 2008, PacifiCorp filed a motion of request for clarification or
rehearing on certain items, which were subsequently addressed by the FERC in its
October 2008 order on rehearing. In October 2008, subsequent to the
FERC’s final order, $36 million in costs to relicense these facilities were
transferred from construction work-in-progress to property, plant and
equipment.
109
Prospect Hydroelectric
System – Rogue River, Oregon
In
June 2003, PacifiCorp submitted a final license application to the FERC for
the Prospect Nos. 1, 2 and 4 hydroelectric facilities, with total nameplate
ratings of 37 MW. In 2008, the FERC issued a new license for a period of
30 years effective April 1, 2008. Subsequent to the issuance of the
new license, $7 million of costs incurred to relicense the Prospect
hydroelectric system were transferred from construction work-in-progress to
property, plant and equipment.
Hydroelectric
Commitments
Some of
PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric licenses contain requirements for PacifiCorp to make
certain capital expenditures related to its hydroelectric facilities. PacifiCorp
estimates it is obligated to make capital expenditures of approximately
$278 million over the next 10 years related to these licenses.
FERC
Issues
Northwest
Refund Case
In
June 2003, the FERC terminated its proceeding relating to the possibility
of requiring refunds for wholesale spot-market bilateral sales in the Pacific
Northwest between December 2000 and June 2001. The FERC concluded that
ordering refunds would not be an appropriate resolution of the matter. In
November 2003, the FERC issued its final order denying rehearing. Several
market participants, excluding PacifiCorp, filed petitions in the United States
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (the “Ninth Circuit”) for review of
the FERC’s final order. In August 2007, the Ninth Circuit concluded that
the FERC failed to adequately explain how it considered or examined new evidence
showing intentional market manipulation in California and its potential ties to
the Pacific Northwest and that the FERC should not have excluded from the
Pacific Northwest refund proceeding purchases of energy made by the California
Energy Resources Scheduling (“CERS”) division in the Pacific Northwest spot
market. The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to the FERC to (i) address the
new market manipulation evidence in detail and account for it in any future
orders regarding the award or denial of refunds in the proceedings,
(ii) include sales to CERS in its analysis, and (iii) further consider
its refund decision in light of related, intervening opinions of the court. The
Ninth Circuit offered no opinion on the FERC’s findings based on the record
established by the administrative law judge and did not rule on the merits of
the FERC’s November 2003 decision to deny refunds. Due to the remand,
PacifiCorp cannot predict the impact of this ruling at this time.
Purchase
Obligations
PacifiCorp
has the following unconditional purchase obligations as of December 31,
2008 (in millions) that are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance
Sheet:
Payments
Due During the Years Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased
electricity
|
$ | 419 | $ | 389 | $ | 254 | $ | 176 | $ | 171 | $ | 1,628 | $ | 3,037 | ||||||||||||||
Fuel
|
519 | 436 | 259 | 141 | 144 | 1,106 | 2,605 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Construction
|
923 | 392 | 97 | 42 | 7 | 2 | 1,463 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transmission
|
80 | 76 | 70 | 63 | 59 | 545 | 893 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Operating
leases
|
5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 36 | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
43 | 25 | 19 | 15 | 14 | 126 | 242 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total
commitments
|
$ | 1,989 | $ | 1,322 | $ | 703 | $ | 441 | $ | 398 | $ | 3,443 | $ | 8,296 |
110
Purchased
Electricity
As part
of its energy resource portfolio, PacifiCorp acquires a portion of its
electricity through long-term purchases and exchange agreements. PacifiCorp has
several power purchase agreements with wind-powered and other generating
facilities that are not included in the table above as the payments are based on
the amount of energy generated and there are no minimum payments. Purchased
electricity, including purchases under those contracts that are not included in
the above table and purchases of short-term electricity, were $759 million
and $793 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, and $605 million for the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006. These amounts are net of the effects of bookouts and
trading activities.
Included
in the minimum fixed annual payments for purchased electricity above are
commitments to purchase electricity from several hydroelectric systems under
long-term arrangements with public utility districts. These purchases are made
on a “cost-of-service” basis for a stated percentage of system output and for a
like percentage of system operating expenses and debt service. These costs are
included in energy costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
PacifiCorp is required to pay its portion of operating costs and its portion of
the debt service, whether or not any electricity is produced. These arrangements
accounted for less than 5% of PacifiCorp’s 2008, 2007 and 2006 energy
sources.
Fuel
PacifiCorp
has “take or pay” coal and natural gas contracts that require minimum
payments.
Construction
PacifiCorp
has an ongoing construction program to meet increased electricity usage,
customer growth and system reliability objectives. As of December 31, 2008,
PacifiCorp had estimated long-term purchase obligations related to its
construction program primarily for new wind-powered generating facilities and
for certain segments of the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project.
Amounts included in the purchase obligations table above relate to firm
commitments. The following discussion describes overall commitments related to
those entered into as a result of MEHC’s acquisition of PacifiCorp, as well as
the Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project. The amounts described below
include amounts to which PacifiCorp is not yet firmly committed through a
purchase order or other agreement.
111
As part
of the March 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp, MEHC and PacifiCorp made a number
of commitments to the state regulatory commissions in all six states in which
PacifiCorp has retail customers. These commitments are generally being
implemented over several years following the acquisition and are subject to
subsequent regulatory review and approval. Outstanding commitments as of
December 31, 2008 include:
|
·
|
Approximately
$812 million in investments in emissions reduction technology for
PacifiCorp’s existing coal-fired generating facilities. Through
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had spent a total of $496 million,
including non-cash equity AFUDC, on these emissions reduction projects and
expects to spend in excess of the original commitment due to higher
commodity inflation experienced on the planned
investments.
|
|
·
|
Approximately
$520 million in investments (including both capital and operating
expense commitments) in PacifiCorp’s transmission and distribution system
that would enhance reliability, facilitate the receipt of renewable
resources and enable further system optimization. Through
December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp had spent a total of $224 million
in capital expenditures, including non-cash equity AFUDC, in support of
this commitment, and has announced the transmission expansion project
discussed below.
|
The
Energy Gateway Transmission Expansion Project is an investment plan to build
approximately 2,000 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines, primarily
in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Oregon and the desert Southwest. The plan, with an
estimated cost exceeding $6.1 billion, includes projects that will address
customer load growth, improve system reliability and deliver energy from new
wind-powered and other renewable generating resources throughout PacifiCorp’s
six-state service area and the Western United States. Certain transmission
segments associated with this plan are expected to be placed in service
beginning in 2010, with other segments placed in service through 2018, depending
on siting, permitting and construction schedules.
Transmission
PacifiCorp
has agreements for the right to transmit electricity over other entities’
transmission lines to facilitate delivery to PacifiCorp’s
customers.
Operating
Leases
PacifiCorp
leases offices, certain operating facilities, land and equipment under operating
leases that expire at various dates through the year ending December 31,
2092. Certain leases contain renewal options for varying periods and escalation
clauses for adjusting rent to reflect changes in price indices. These leases
generally require PacifiCorp to pay for insurance, taxes and maintenance
applicable to the leased property.
Net rent
expense was $16 million and $24 million during the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $19 million during the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
Other
PacifiCorp
has purchase obligations related to equipment maintenance and various other
service and maintenance agreements.
112
(14) Preferred
Stock
PacifiCorp’s
preferred stock, not subject to mandatory redemption, was as follows as of
December 31 (shares in thousands, dollars in millions, except per share
amounts):
Redemption
|
2008
|
2007
|
||||||||||||||||||
Price Per Share
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
||||||||||||||||
Series:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Serial Preferred, $100 stated value, 3,500 shares authorized
|
||||||||||||||||||||
4.52% to 4.72%
|
$102.3 to $103.5 | 157 | $ | 15 | 157 | $ | 15 | |||||||||||||
5.00% to 5.40%
|
$100.0 to $101.0 | 108 | 10 | 108 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
6.00%
|
Non-redeemable
|
6 | 1 | 6 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
7.00%
|
Non-redeemable
|
18 | 2 | 18 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
5% Preferred, $100 stated value, 127 shares authorized
|
$110.0 | 126 | 13 | 126 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
415 | $ | 41 | 415 | $ | 41 |
Generally,
preferred stock is redeemable at stipulated prices plus accrued dividends,
subject to certain restrictions. In the event of voluntary liquidation, all
preferred stock is entitled to stated value or a specified preference amount per
share plus accrued dividends. Upon involuntary liquidation, all preferred stock
is entitled to stated value plus accrued dividends. Dividends on all preferred
stock are cumulative. Holders also have the right to elect members to the
PacifiCorp board of directors in the event dividends payable are in default in
an amount equal to four full quarterly payments.
Dividends
declared but unpaid on preferred stock were $1 million as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007.
(15) Common
Shareholder’s Equity
Through
PPW Holdings LLC, MEHC is the sole shareholder of PacifiCorp’s common
stock. The state regulatory orders that authorized MEHC’s acquisition of
PacifiCorp contain restrictions on PacifiCorp’s ability to pay dividends to the
extent that they would reduce PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below specified
percentages of defined capitalization.
As of
December 31, 2008, the most restrictive of these commitments prohibits
PacifiCorp from making any distribution to either PPW Holdings LLC or
MEHC without prior state regulatory approval to the extent that it would reduce
PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below 48.25% of its total capitalization,
excluding short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt. From
January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009 the minimum level of common
equity required by this commitment is 47.25%. After December 31, 2009, this
minimum level of common equity declines annually to 44.0% after
December 31, 2011. The terms of this commitment treat 50.0% of PacifiCorp’s
remaining balance of preferred stock in existence prior to MEHC’s acquisition of
PacifiCorp as common equity. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s actual
common stock equity percentage, as calculated under this measure, was 52.6%, and
PacifiCorp had $945 million available to dividend.
These
commitments also restrict PacifiCorp from making any distributions to either PPW
Holdings LLC or MEHC if PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt rating is BBB- or lower by
Standard & Poor’s Rating Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 or
lower by Moody’s Investor Service, as indicated by two of the three rating
services. As of December 31, 2008, PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt rating was
A- by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services, BBB+ by Fitch Ratings and
Baa1 by Moody’s Investor Service.
PacifiCorp
is also subject to maximum debt-to-total capitalization percentage under various
financing agreements as further discussed in Notes 8
and 9.
113
(16) Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss, net is included in shareholders’ equity in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets and consists of unrecognized amounts on retirement
benefits of $2 million, net of tax of $2 million, and $4 million,
net of tax of $2 million, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
(17) Variable-Interest
Entities
PacifiCorp
holds an undivided interest in 50% of the 474-MW Hermiston plant (refer to
Note 4), procures 100% of the fuel input into the plant and subsequently
receives 100% of the generated electricity, 50% of which is acquired through a
long-term power purchase agreement. As a result, PacifiCorp holds a variable
interest in the joint owner of the remaining 50% of the plant and is the primary
beneficiary. However, upon adoption of FASB Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable-Interest
Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51,
PacifiCorp was unable to obtain the information necessary to consolidate the
entity because the entity did not agree to supply the information due to the
lack of a contractual obligation to do so. PacifiCorp continues to request from
the entity the information necessary to perform the consolidation; however, no
information has yet been provided by the entity. Cost of the electricity
purchased from the joint owner was $36 million during each of the years
ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, and $26 million during the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006. The entity is operated by the
equity owners and PacifiCorp has no risk of loss in relation to the entity in
the event of a disaster.
(18) Related-Party
Transactions
PacifiCorp
has an intercompany administration services agreement with its indirect parent
company, MEHC. Services provided by PacifiCorp and charged to affiliates relate
primarily to administrative services, financial statement preparation and
direct-assigned employees. These receivables were $1 million and
$- million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Services
provided by affiliates and charged to PacifiCorp relate primarily to the
administrative services provided under the intercompany administrative services
agreement among MEHC and its affiliates. These expenses totaled $9 million
during each of the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and
$7 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006. These
payables were $1 million as of December 31, 2008 and
2007.
PacifiCorp
engages in various transactions with several of its affiliated companies in the
ordinary course of business. Services provided by affiliates in the ordinary
course of business and charged to PacifiCorp relate primarily to the
transportation of natural gas and relocation services. These expenses totaled
$6 million and $5 million during the years ended December 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively, and $1 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006. These payables were $2 million and
$1 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Berkshire Hathaway,
PacifiCorp’s ultimate parent company, has an ownership interest in Burlington
Northern Santa Fe Railway (“BNSF”). PacifiCorp has long-term transportation
contracts with BNSF. Transportation costs under these contracts were
$32 million and $31 million during the years ended December 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, PacifiCorp
had $2 million of accounts payable to BNSF outstanding under these
contracts, including indirect payables related to a jointly owned
plant.
PacifiCorp
participates in a captive insurance program provided by MEHC Insurance Services
Ltd. (“MISL”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MEHC. MISL covers all or significant
portions of the property damage and liability insurance deductibles in many of
PacifiCorp’s current policies, as well as overhead distribution and transmission
line property damage. PacifiCorp has no equity interest in MISL and has no
obligation to contribute equity or loan funds to MISL. Premium amounts are
established based on a combination of actuarial assessments and market rates to
cover loss claims, administrative expenses and appropriate reserves, but as a
result of regulatory commitments are capped through December 31, 2010.
Certain costs associated with the program are prepaid and amortized over the
policy coverage period expiring March 20, 2009. Premium expenses were
$7 million during each of the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
and $6 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
Prepayments to MISL were $2 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Receivables for claims were $7 million and $11 million as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
114
PacifiCorp
is party to a tax-sharing agreement and is part of the Berkshire Hathaway
United States federal income tax return. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
income taxes receivable from affiliates included $43 million and
$23 million, respectively, of income taxes receivable from
MEHC.
(19) Supplemental
Cash Flows Information
The
summary of supplemental cash flows information is as follows
(in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Period
Ended
|
||||||||||||
Years
Ended December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||
2008
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Interest
paid, net of amounts capitalized
|
$ | 280 | $ | 251 | $ | 192 | ||||||
Income
taxes (received) paid, net
|
$ | (53 | ) | $ | 151 | $ | 121 |
Supplemental
disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
||||||||||||
Property,
plant and equipment additions in accounts payable
|
$ | 405 | $ | 107 | $ | 79 | ||||||
Property,
plant and equipment acquired under capital lease
obligations
|
$ | 17 | $ | - | $ | 17 |
(20) Unaudited
Quarterly Operating Results (in millions)
Three-Month
Periods Ended
|
||||||||||||||||
March 31,
|
June 30,
|
September 30,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2008
|
2008
|
2008
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Operating
revenue
|
$ | 1,095 | $ | 1,055 | $ | 1,245 | $ | 1,103 | ||||||||
Operating
income
|
230 | 216 | 269 | 232 | ||||||||||||
Net
income
|
108 | 99 | 132 | 119 |
Three-Month
Periods Ended
|
||||||||||||||||
March
31,
|
June 30,
|
September 30,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2007
|
2007
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Operating
revenue
|
$ | 1,027 | $ | 1,026 | $ | 1,137 | $ | 1,068 | ||||||||
Operating
income
|
201 | 201 | 269 | 217 | ||||||||||||
Net
income
|
99 | 105 | 135 | 100 |
115
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH
ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND
PROCEDURES
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
At the
end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, PacifiCorp
carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of
PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (principal
executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial
officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of PacifiCorp’s
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)
promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based
upon that evaluation, PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive
Officer (principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal
financial officer), concluded that PacifiCorp’s disclosure controls and
procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by
PacifiCorp in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is
recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified
in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management,
including PacifiCorp’s Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and
Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), or persons performing
similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure. There has been no change in PacifiCorp’s internal control over
financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, PacifiCorp’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Management's
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management
of PacifiCorp is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the
participation of PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal
financial officer), PacifiCorp’s management conducted an evaluation of the
effectiveness of PacifiCorp’s internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2008 as required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Rule 13a-15(c). In making this assessment, PacifiCorp’s management used the
criteria set forth in the framework in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework”
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Based on the evaluation conducted under the framework in “Internal Control –
Integrated Framework,” PacifiCorp’s management concluded that PacifiCorp’s
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31,
2008.
This
report does not include an attestation report of PacifiCorp’s registered public
accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report was not subject to attestation by PacifiCorp’s registered
public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit
PacifiCorp to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
PacifiCorp
February 20, 2009
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
116
PART
III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Board
of Directors appoints executive officers annually. There are no family
relationships among the executive officers, nor any arrangements or
understandings between any executive officer and any other person pursuant to
which the executive officer was appointed. Set forth below is certain
information, as of January 31, 2009, with respect to each of the current
directors and executive officers of PacifiCorp:
Gregory E. Abel, 46, Chairman
of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Abel was elected
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors in
March 2006. Mr. Abel is also the President and Chief Executive Officer
and a director of MEHC. Mr. Abel joined MEHC in 1992.
Douglas L. Anderson, 50,
Director. Mr. Anderson has been a director since March 2006.
Mr. Anderson is the Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate
Secretary of MEHC. Mr. Anderson joined MEHC in 1993.
Brent E. Gale, 57, Director.
Mr. Gale has been a director since March 2006. Mr. Gale was
appointed Senior Vice President of Regulation and Legislation of MEHC in
March 2006. Mr. Gale had previously been Senior Vice President of
MidAmerican Energy Company, a MEHC subsidiary, since July 2004.
Mr. Gale has served in various legal, regulatory legislative and strategic
positions with MEHC and its predecessors since 1976.
Patrick J. Goodman, 42,
Director. Mr. Goodman has been a director since March 2006.
Mr. Goodman was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
of MEHC in 1999. Mr. Goodman joined MEHC in 1995.
Natalie L. Hocken, 39,
Director. Ms. Hocken has been a director since August 2007.
Ms. Hocken has served as Vice President and General Counsel of Pacific
Power, a division of PacifiCorp, since January 2007. Ms. Hocken
previously served as Assistant General Counsel and Senior Counsel for
PacifiCorp. Ms. Hocken joined PacifiCorp in 2002.
A. Robert Lasich, 49,
President, PacifiCorp Energy and Director. Mr. Lasich was elected President
of PacifiCorp Energy, a division of PacifiCorp in August 2007.
Mr. Lasich joined PacifiCorp as Vice President and General Counsel,
PacifiCorp Energy, and was elected director in March 2006. Mr. Lasich
previously served as Vice President of MEHC with responsibility for integration
and transition matters related to the acquisition of PacifiCorp since
July 2005. Prior to that, Mr. Lasich was Vice President of Gas Supply
and Trading for MidAmerican Energy Company since August 2004.
Mr. Lasich joined MidAmerican Energy Company in 1997.
Mark C. Moench, 53, Director.
Mr. Moench was named PacifiCorp General Counsel in February 2007.
Mr. Moench joined PacifiCorp as Senior Vice President and General Counsel
of Rocky Mountain Power, a division of PacifiCorp, and was elected director in
March 2006. Mr. Moench previously served as Senior Vice President,
Law, of MEHC with responsibility for regulatory approvals of the PacifiCorp
acquisition since June 2005. Prior to that, Mr. Moench was Vice
President and General Counsel of Kern River Gas Transmission Company since
2002.
R. Patrick Reiten, 47,
President, Pacific Power and Director. Mr. Reiten was elected President of
Pacific Power and director in September 2006. Mr. Reiten previously
served as President and Chief Executive Officer of PNGC Power since 2002.
Mr. Reiten joined PNGC Power in 1993 serving as Director of Government
Relations, then as Vice President of Marketing and Public Affairs.
Douglas K. Stuver, 45, Senior
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Stuver was elected Senior Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer of PacifiCorp effective March 1,
2008. Mr. Stuver joined PacifiCorp in March 2004 as Managing Director and
Division Controller of PacifiCorp’s commercial and trading business unit. In
March 2006, Mr. Stuver was appointed Managing Director and Division Controller
of PacifiCorp Energy, a division of PacifiCorp. Prior to joining PacifiCorp, Mr.
Stuver served as Vice President of Corporate Risk Management at Duke Energy
Corporation.
117
Richard Walje, 57, President,
Rocky Mountain Power and Director. Mr. Walje was elected President of Rocky
Mountain Power in March 2006. Mr. Walje has been a director since
July 2001. Mr. Walje previously served as PacifiCorp’s Executive Vice
President since April 2004 and as Chief Information Officer since
May 2000. Mr. Walje also served as Senior Vice President of Corporate
Business Services from May 2001 to April 2004 and as Vice President
for Transmission and Distribution Operations and Customer Service from 1998 to
2000. Mr. Walje has been with PacifiCorp since 1986.
Audit
Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
During
the year ended December 31, 2008, and as of the date of this Report,
PacifiCorp’s Board of Directors does not have an audit committee. Because
PacifiCorp’s common stock is indirectly, wholly owned by MEHC, its Board of
Directors consists primarily of MEHC and PacifiCorp employees and it is not
required to have an audit committee. However, the audit committee of MEHC acts
as the audit committee for PacifiCorp.
Code
of Ethics
PacifiCorp
has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer,
its principal financial and accounting officer, or persons acting in such
capacities, and certain other covered officers. The code of ethics is
incorporated by reference in the exhibits to this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION
COMMITTEE REPORT
Mr. Abel,
our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and sole member of our Compensation
Committee, has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis
with management and, based on this review and discussion, has recommended to the
Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in
this Form 10-K.
COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Compensation
Philosophy and Overall Objectives
We and
our indirect parent company, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, or MEHC,
believe that the compensation paid to each of our Chief Executive Officer, or
CEO, our Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, and our three other most highly
compensated executive officers, to whom we refer collectively as our Named
Executive Officers, or NEOs, should be closely aligned with our overall
performance, and each NEO’s contribution to that performance, on both a short-
and long-term basis, and that such compensation should be sufficient to attract
and retain highly qualified leaders who can create significant value for our
organization. Our compensation programs are designed to provide our NEOs
meaningful incentives for superior corporate and individual performance.
Performance is evaluated on a subjective basis within the context of both
financial and non-financial objectives that we believe contribute to our
long-term success, and among which are financial strength, customer service,
operational excellence, employee commitment and safety, environmental respect
and regulatory integrity.
How
Compensation is Determined
Our
Compensation Committee consists solely of the Chairman of our Board of
Directors, Mr. Gregory E. Abel. Mr. Abel also serves as our CEO
and as MEHC’s President and Chief Executive Officer. He is employed by MEHC and
receives no direct compensation from us. Mr. Abel is responsible for the
establishment and oversight of our compensation policy for our NEOs and for
approving base pay increases, incentive and performance awards, off-cycle pay
changes, and participation in other employee benefit plans and
programs.
Our
criteria for assessing executive performance and determining compensation in any
year is inherently subjective and is not based upon specific formulas or
weighting of factors. Given the uniqueness of each NEO’s duties, we do not
specifically use companies as benchmarks when establishing our NEOs’
compensation.
118
Discussion
and Analysis of Specific Compensation Elements
Base
Salary
We
determine base salaries for all of our NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, by
reviewing our overall performance and each NEO’s performance, the value each NEO
brings to us and general labor market conditions. While base salary provides a
base level of compensation intended to be competitive with the external market,
the annual base salary adjustment for each NEO, other than Mr. Abel, is
determined on a subjective basis after consideration of these factors and is not
based on target percentiles or other formal criteria. An increase or decrease in
base pay may also result from a promotion or other significant change in a NEO’s
responsibilities during the year. Annual base pay increases are approved by
Mr. Abel. In 2008, base salaries for all NEOs, other than Messrs. Abel
and Stuver increased on average by 2.7% and became effective December 26,
2007. On March 1, 2008, in recognition of his promotion to Senior Vice
President and CFO, Mr. Stuver received a base pay increase of 12.6%. An increase
or decrease in base pay may also result from a promotion or other significant
change in a NEO’s responsibilities during the year.
Short-Term
Incentive Compensation
The
objective of short-term incentive compensation is to reward the achievement of
significant annual corporate and business unit goals while also providing NEOs
with competitive total cash compensation.
Annual
Incentive Plan
Under our
Annual Incentive Plan, or AIP, all NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, are eligible
to earn an annual discretionary cash incentive award, which is determined on a
subjective basis and is not based on a specific formula or cap. Mr. Abel
establishes a target bonus opportunity, expressed as a percentage of base salary
and intended to reflect fully effective performance, for each of the other NEOs
prior to the beginning of each year. Awards paid to a NEO under the AIP are
based on a variety of measures linked to our overall performance and each NEO’s
contribution to that performance. An individual NEO’s performance is measured
against defined objectives that commonly include financial measures (e.g., net
income and cash flow) and non-financial measures (e.g., customer service,
operational excellence, employee commitment and safety, environmental respect
and regulatory integrity), as well as the NEO’s response to issues and
opportunities that arise during the year.
Performance
Awards
In
addition to the annual awards under the AIP, we may grant cash performance
awards periodically during the year to one or more NEOs to reward the
accomplishment of significant non-recurring tasks or projects. These awards are
discretionary and approved by Mr. Abel. In June 2008, Mr. Reiten
received a performance award of $10,000 in recognition of efforts on PacifiCorp
regulatory and legislative matters.
Long-Term
Incentive Compensation
The
objective of long-term incentive compensation is to retain NEOs, reward their
exceptional performance and motivate them to create long-term, sustainable
value. Our current long-term incentive compensation program is cash-based. Under
MEHC ownership, we do not utilize equity-based compensation, such as stock
option awards or equity incentive plan awards.
119
Long-Term
Incentive Partnership Plan
The MEHC
Long-Term Incentive Partnership Plan, or LTIP, is designed to retain key
employees and to align our interests and the interests of the participating
employees. Messrs. Walje, Reiten, Lasich and Stuver participate in the
LTIP, while Mr. Abel does not. The LTIP provides for annual awards based
upon significant accomplishments by the individual participants and the
achievement of the financial and non-financial objectives previously described.
The goals are developed with the objective of being attainable with a sustained,
focused and concerted effort and are determined and communicated in January of
each plan year. Participation is discretionary and is determined by
Mr. Abel. Except for limited situations of extraordinary performance,
awards are capped at 1.5 times base salary. The value is finalized in the
first quarter of the following year. These cash-based awards are subject to
mandatory deferral and equal annual vesting over a five-year period starting in
the performance year. Participants allocate the value of their deferral accounts
among various investment alternatives, which are determined each year by a vote
of all participants. Gains or losses may be incurred based on the investment
performance. After the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period,
participating NEOs may elect to defer all or part of the award or receive
payment in cash into our Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan. Vested
balances (including any investment profits or losses thereon) of terminating
participants are paid at the time of termination.
Other
Employee Benefits
Supplemental
Executive Retirement Plan
The
PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, or SERP, provides additional
retirement benefits to participants. Mr. Walje was the only NEO who
participated in our SERP during 2008, and the plan is currently closed to any
new participants. The SERP provides monthly retirement benefits of 50% of final
average pay plus 1% of final average pay for each fiscal year that we meet
certain performance goals set for such fiscal year. The maximum benefit is 65%
of final average pay. A participant’s final average pay equals the
60 consecutive months of highest pay out of the last 120 months, and
pay for this purpose includes salary and annual incentive plan payments
reflected in the 2008 Summary Compensation Table below.
Deferred
Compensation Plan
Our
Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, or DCP, provides a means for all
NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, to make voluntary deferrals of up to 50% of base
salary, 100% of short-term incentive compensation awards and 100% of LTIP awards
following the LTIP’s mandatory five-year deferral period. The deferrals and any
investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis. Amounts deferred under the DCP
receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight
investment options offered under the DCP and selected by the participant and the
plan allows participants to choose from three forms of distribution. While the
plan allows us to make discretionary contributions, we have not made
contributions to date. We include the DCP as part of the participating NEO’s
overall compensation in order to provide a comprehensive, competitive
package.
120
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
2008
Summary Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by each of
our NEOs during the years indicated:
Change
in
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pension
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Value
and
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Qualified
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Base
|
Compensation
|
All
Other
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Name
and Principal Position
|
Year
|
Salary
|
Bonus (2)
|
Earnings (3)
|
Compensation (4)
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel (1)
|
2008
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Chairman
and
|
2007
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Chief
Executive Officer
|
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
2008
|
345,000 | 328,769 | 267,902 | 10,283 | 951,954 | |||||||||||||||
President,
Rocky Mountain
|
2007
|
335,811 | 346,582 | 177,128 | 486,302 | 1,345,823 | |||||||||||||||
Power
|
2006
|
248,108 | 377,106 | 168,501 | 177,982 | 971,697 | |||||||||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
2008
|
258,000 | 353,472 | 11,548 | 24,462 | 647,482 | |||||||||||||||
President,
Pacific Power
|
2007
|
250,000 | 330,838 | 3,484 | 2,083 | 586,405 | |||||||||||||||
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
2008
|
230,000 | 234,948 | 32,175 | 9,231 | 506,354 | |||||||||||||||
President,
PacifiCorp Energy
|
2007
|
173,580 | 257,603 | 11,311 | 9,181 | 451,675 | |||||||||||||||
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Douglas
K. Stuver (5)
|
2008
|
215,499 | 133,140 | 28,928 | 8,817 | 386,384 | |||||||||||||||
Senior
Vice President and
|
2007
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Chief
Financial Officer
|
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - |
121
(1)
|
Mr. Abel
receives no direct compensation from us. We reimburse MEHC for the cost of
Mr. Abel’s time spent on PacifiCorp matters, including compensation
paid to him by MEHC, pursuant to an intercompany administrative services
agreement among MEHC and its subsidiaries. Please refer to MEHC’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008
(File No. 001-14881) for executive compensation information for
Mr. Abel.
|
(2)
|
Consists
of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the AIP for our NEOs,
the vesting of LTIP awards and associated vested losses for
Messrs. Walje, Reiten, Lasich and Stuver and amounts deferred
pursuant to the DCP for Mr. Lasich. The breakout for 2008 is as
follows:
|
LTIP
|
|||||||||||||||||
Vested
|
|||||||||||||||||
AIP
|
Vested
Award
|
Earnings
(Losses)
|
Change
in Value (a)
|
||||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
$ | 200,000 | $ | 255,577 | $ | (126,807 | ) | $ | 128,770 | ||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
225,000 | 245,717 | (117,246 | ) | 128,471 | ||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich (b)
|
190,000 | 168,336 | (123,388 | ) | 44,948 | ||||||||||||
Douglas
K. Stuver
|
90,000 | 70,915 | (27,775 | ) | 43,140 |
(a)
|
Represents
vested award plus vested earnings (losses).
|
|
(b)
|
The
AIP includes amounts deferred pursuant to the DCP of
$65,000.
|
The
ultimate payouts of LTIP awards are undeterminable as the amounts to be
paid may increase or decrease depending on investment performance. Net
income, the net income target goal and the matrix below were used in
determining the gross amount of the LTIP award available to the group of
participants, including Messrs. Walje, Reiten, Lasich and Stuver. Net
income is subject to discretionary adjustment by the Chairman, CEO and
Compensation Committee of MEHC. In 2008, the gross award and per-point
value were adjusted to eliminate the net income benefits for the
termination fee from the proposed acquisition of Constellation Energy
Group, Inc., or Constellation Energy, by MEHC and the profits from MEHC’s
investment in Constellation Energy.
|
MEHC
Net Income
|
Award
Pool
|
||||
Less
than or equal to target goal
|
None
|
||||
Exceeds
target goal by 0.01% –
3.25%
|
15%
of excess
|
||||
Exceeds
target goal by 3.251% –
6.50%
|
15%
of the first 3.25% excess;
|
||||
25%
of excess over 3.25%
|
|||||
Exceeds
target goal by more than 6.50%
|
15%
of the first 3.25% excess;
|
||||
25%
of the next 3.25% excess;
|
|||||
35%
of excess over 6.50%
|
A
pool of up to 100,000 points in aggregate is allocated between plan
participants either as initial points or year-end performance points. A
nominating committee recommends the point allocation, subject to approval
by the CEO and President of MEHC, based upon a discretionary evaluation of
individual achievement of financial and non-financial goals previously
described herein. A participant’s award equals their allocated points
multiplied by the final per-point value, capped at 1.5 times base salary
except in extraordinary circumstances.
|
|||
(3)
|
Amounts
are based upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of
all qualified and non-qualified defined benefit plans, which include the
SERP and the Retirement Plan, as applicable. Amounts are computed using
assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the applicable pension
disclosures included in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and
are as of the pension plans’ measurement dates. No participant in our DCP
earned “above market or preferential” earnings on amounts
deferred.
|
||
(4)
|
Amounts
shown for the year ended December 31, 2008,
include:
|
||
(i)
|
Performance
award of $10,000 to Mr. Reiten.
|
||
(ii)
|
Company
contributions to our Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan (“401(k)
Plan”) of $10,283 for Mr. Walje, $8,970 for Mr. Reiten, $9,231 for Mr.
Lasich and $8,817 for Mr. Stuver.
|
||
(5)
|
Mr.
Stuver was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on
February 19, 2008 effective March 1,
2008.
|
122
For
material factors necessary to understand the information in the 2008 Summary
Compensation Table, including descriptions of our AIP and the LTIP, please refer
to “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” above.
2008
Pension Benefits Table
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding the defined benefit
pension plan accounts held (and, in Mr. Walje’s case, the SERP) for each of
our NEOs as of December 31, 2008:
Name
|
Plan
Name
|
Number
of Years of Credited Service
|
Present
Value of Accumulated Benefits
|
||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
N/A
|
- | $ | - | |||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
Retirement
|
22.83 | 630,702 | ||||||||
SERP
|
22.83 | 1,627,744 | |||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
Retirement
|
2.25 | 15,032 | ||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
Retirement
|
2.75 | 47,424 | ||||||||
Douglas
K. Stuver
|
Retirement
|
4.75 | 65,117 |
We have
adopted a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan, or the Retirement Plan,
for the majority of our employees, other than employees subject to collective
bargaining agreements that do not provide for coverage. Mr. Walje also
participates in our non-qualified SERP. Through May 31, 2007, participants
earned benefits at retirement payable for life based on length of service
through May 31, 2007 and average pay in the 60 consecutive months of
highest pay out of the 120 months prior to May 31, 2007, and pay for
this purpose included salary and annual incentive plan payments up to 10% of
base salary, but were limited to the Internal Revenue Code amounts specified in
§401(a)(17). Benefits were based on 1.3% of final average pay plus 0.65% of
final average pay in excess of covered compensation (as defined in Internal
Revenue Code §401(1)(5)(E)) times years of service.
The
Retirement Plan was restated effective June 1, 2007 to change from a
traditional final-average-pay formula as described above to a cash balance
formula for non-union participants. Benefits under the final-average-pay formula
were frozen as of May 31, 2007, and no future benefits will accrue under
that formula for non-union participants. Under the cash balance formula,
benefits are based on 6.5% (5% for employees hired after June 30, 2006 and
before January 1, 2008) of eligible compensation plus 4.0% of eligible
compensation in excess of compensation subject to Federal Insurance
Contributions Act withholding ($102,000 for 2008) to each participant’s account
(where such salary and incentive amounts are reduced for Internal Revenue
Code §401(a)(17) limits). Interest is also credited to each participant’s
account. Employees who were age 40 or older as of May 31, 2007 receive
certain additional transition pay credits for five years from the effective date
of the plan restatement.
Participants
are entitled to receive full benefits upon retirement after age 65.
Participants are also entitled to receive reduced benefits upon early retirement
after age 55 with at least 5 years of service or when age plus years
of service equals 75.
123
Amounts
are computed using the assumptions used in preparing the applicable pension
disclosures included in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and are as of
December 31, 2008, the plans’ measurement date. Single life annuities were
assumed for the SERP calculations of the present value of accumulated benefits.
For the Retirement Plan calculations of the present value of accumulated
benefits, the following assumptions were used: 50.0% lump sum and
50.0% single life annuity. The present value assumptions used in
calculating the present value of accumulated benefits for the SERP were as
follows: a discount rate of 6.90%; an expected retirement age of 60; and
postretirement mortality using the RP-2000 tables. The present value assumptions
used in calculating the present value of accumulated benefits for the Retirement
Plan were as follows: a discount rate of 6.90%; an expected retirement age of
65; postretirement mortality using the RP-2000 tables projected to 2009; a lump
sum interest rate of 6.65%; and lump sum mortality using the Internal Revenue
Code §417(e)(3) Applicable Mortality Table for 2009.
The SERP
provides monthly retirement benefits of 50% of final average pay plus 1% of
final average pay for each fiscal year that we meet certain performance goals
set for such fiscal year. The maximum benefit is 65% of final average pay. A
participant’s final average pay equals the 60 consecutive months of highest
pay out of the last 120 months, and pay for this purpose includes salary
and annual incentive plan payments reflected in the Summary Compensation Table
above. Mr. Walje has met the five-year participation requirement under the
plan for early retirement eligibility. Mr. Walje’s SERP benefit will be
reduced by a portion of his Social Security benefits, his regular retirement
benefit under the Retirement Plan, and 0.25% for each month benefit commencement
precedes age 60.
The above
reference for the number of years of service and the present value of
accumulated benefits for Mr. Lasich represents his service as a PacifiCorp
employee only and does not include any vested benefits earned under
MEHC.
2008
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding the DCP accounts held
by each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2008:
Name
|
Executive
Contributions
|
Aggregate
Earnings
|
Aggregate
Balance at Period-End
|
|||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
189,000 | 68,955 | 1,782,210 | |||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
65,000 | (31,628 | ) | 118,372 | ||||||||
Douglas
K. Stuver
|
- | - | - |
Eligibility
for our DCP is restricted to select management and highly compensated employees.
The plan provides tax benefits to eligible participants by allowing them to
defer compensation on a pre-tax basis, thus reducing their current taxable
income. Deferrals and any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis; thus,
participants pay no income tax until they receive distributions. The DCP permits
participants to make a voluntary deferral of up to 50% of base salary and 100%
of short-term incentive compensation awards. All deferrals are net of social
security taxes. Amounts deferred under the DCP receive a rate of return based on
the returns of any combination of eight investment options offered by the plan
and selected by the participant. Gains or losses are calculated monthly, and
returns are posted to accounts based on participants’ fund allocation elections.
Participants can change their fund allocations as of the end of any calendar
month.
The DCP
allows participants to maintain three accounts based upon when they want to
receive payments: retirement distribution, in-service distribution and education
distribution. Both the retirement and in-service accounts can be distributed as
lump sums or in up to 10 annual installments, except in the case of the four DCP
transition accounts that allow for a grandfathered payout based on the previous
deferred compensation plan distribution elections of lump sum, 5, 10 or
15 annual installments. Effective December 31, 2006, no new money may
be deferred into the DCP Transition accounts. The education account is
distributed in four annual installments. If a participant leaves employment
prior to retirement (age 55) all amounts in the participant’s account will
be paid out in a lump sum as soon as administratively practicable. Participants
are 100% vested in their deferrals and any investment gains or losses recorded
in their accounts.
124
Participants
in our LTIP also have the option of deferring all or a part of those awards
after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period. The provisions
governing the deferral of LTIP awards are similar to those described for the DCP
above.
Potential
Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control
Our
Executive Severance Plan was closed on May 24, 2007. The plan had provided
severance benefits to only legacy participants previously designated by our
Compensation Committee under ScottishPower ownership.
Our NEOs
(excluding Mr. Abel) are not entitled to severance or enhanced benefits
upon termination of employment or change-in-control. Please refer to MEHC’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008
(File No. 001-14881) for information about potential post-termination
and change-in-control payments to Mr. Abel. However, upon any termination
of employment, our other NEOs would be entitled to the Retirement Plan and SERP
vested balances presented in the Pension Benefits and the DCP balances presented
in Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Tables above.
Messrs. Walje,
Reiten, Lasich and Stuver are also entitled to full vesting of outstanding
awards under the MEHC LTIP in the event of death or disability. As of
December 31, 2008, the value of the unvested portions of outstanding awards
under this plan were $654,415 for Mr. Walje; $645,064 for Mr. Reiten;
$348,944 for Mr. Lasich; and $203,733 for Mr. Stuver. In the event of
termination, Messrs. Walje, Reiten, Lasich and Stuver would be entitled
only to the vested benefits under this plan at the date of
termination.
2008
Director Compensation Table
All of
our directors serving in 2008 were employees of PacifiCorp, or in the case of
Messrs. Anderson and Goodman, employees of MEHC, and did not receive
additional compensation for service as a director. The following table excludes
Messrs. Abel, Walje, Reiten and Lasich, for whom compensation information
is described in the Summary Compensation Table.
Change
in
|
||||||||||||
Pension Value and
|
||||||||||||
Non-Qualified
|
All
Other
|
|||||||||||
Name
|
Compensation Earnings (1)
|
Compensation (2)
|
Total
|
|||||||||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Brent
E. Gale
|
31,756 | 540,485 | 572,241 | |||||||||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
18,885 | 370,554 | 389,439 | |||||||||
Mark
C. Moench
|
32,326 | 357,270 | 389,596 |
(1)
|
Amounts
included in change in pension value and non-qualified deferred
compensation earnings are based upon the aggregate increase in the
actuarial present value of all qualified and non-qualified defined benefit
plans, which include the SERP and the Retirement Plan, as applicable.
Amounts are computed using assumptions consistent with those used in
preparing the applicable pension disclosures included in our Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements and are as of the pension plans’
measurement dates. No participant in our Deferred Compensation Plan earned
“above market or preferential” earnings on amounts
deferred.
|
125
(2)
|
Amounts
shown for the year ended December 31, 2008,
include:
|
||||||||||||
(i)
|
Base
salary in the amounts of; $280,000 for Mr. Gale; $176,000 for
Ms. Hocken; $212,382 for Mr. Moench.
|
||||||||||||
(ii)
|
Performance
award of $10,000 to Mr. Gale and Ms. Hocken, respectively, in recognition
of efforts on PacifiCorp regulatory and legislative
matters.
|
||||||||||||
(iii)
|
Company
contributions to our Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan of $6,967
for Mr. Gale, $3,081 for Ms. Hocken and $10,167 for Mr.
Moench.
|
||||||||||||
(vi)
|
Consists
of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the AIP and the vested
portion of awards earned (including losses on previously earned awards)
pursuant to the MEHC LTIP in the amounts
of:
|
LTIP
|
|||||||||||||||||
Vested
|
|||||||||||||||||
AIP
|
Vested
Award
|
Earnings
(Losses)
|
Change in
Value (a)
|
||||||||||||||
Brent
E. Gale
|
$ | 155,000 | $ | 287,058 | $ | (204,032 | ) | $ | 83,026 | ||||||||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
125,000 | 80,135 | (29,153 | ) | 50,982 | ||||||||||||
Mark
C. Moench
|
100,000 | 200,111 | (170,390 | ) | 29,721 | ||||||||||||
|
(a)
Represents vested award plus vested earnings (losses).
|
Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
Mr. Abel
is our Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer and also
the President and Chief Operating Officer of MEHC. None of our executive
officers serve as a member of the compensation committee of any company that has
an executive officer serving as a member of our Board of Directors. None of our
executive officers serve as a member of the board of directors of any company
(other than MEHC) that has an executive officer serving as a member of our
compensation committee. See also Item 13 of this
Form 10-K.
126
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
All
outstanding shares of our common stock are indirectly owned by MEHC,
666 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa 50309. MEHC is a consolidated
subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway that, as of January 31, 2009, owns
approximately 88.25% of MEHC’s common stock (87.4% on a diluted basis). The
remainder of MEHC’s common stock is owned by a private investor group comprised
of Walter Scott, Jr. (including family members and related entities) and
Gregory E. Abel, PacifiCorp’s Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer.
None of
our executive officers or directors owns shares of our preferred stock. The
following table sets forth certain information as of January 31, 2009
regarding the beneficial ownership of common stock of MEHC and the Class A
and Class B common stock of Berkshire Hathaway held by each of our
directors, executive officers and all of our directors and executive officers as
a group as of January 31, 2009.
MEHC
|
Berkshire
Hathaway
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Common
Stock
|
Class
A Common Stock
|
Class
B Common Stock
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Beneficial
Owner
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (1)
|
Percentage
of Class (1)
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (1)
|
Percentage
of Class (1)
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (1)
|
Percentage
of Class (1)
|
||||||||||||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel (2)(3)
|
749,992 | 1.0 | % | 1 |
*
|
14 | * | |||||||||||||||||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
- | - | 4 | * | 4 | * | ||||||||||||||||||
Brent
E. Gale
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
- | - | 2 | * | 3 | * | ||||||||||||||||||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Mark
C. Moench
|
- | - | 1 | * | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Douglas K. Stuver | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
All executive officers and directors as a group
(10 persons)
|
749,992 | 1.0 | % | 8 | * | 21 | * |
*
|
Indicates
beneficial ownership of less than one percent of all outstanding
shares.
|
(1)
|
Includes
shares of which the listed beneficial owner is deemed to have the right to
acquire beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3(d) under the Securities
Exchange Act, including, among other things, shares which the listed
beneficial owner has the right to acquire within
60 days.
|
(2)
|
In
accordance with a shareholders agreement, as amended on December 7,
2005, based on an assumed value for MEHC’s common stock and the closing
price of Berkshire Hathaway common stock on January 31, 2009,
Mr. Abel would be entitled to exchange his shares of MEHC common
stock and his shares acquired by exercise of options to purchase MEHC
common stock for 1,760 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A
stock or 52,693 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class B stock.
Assuming an exchange of all available MEHC shares into either Berkshire
Hathaway Class A stock or Berkshire Hathaway Class B stock,
Mr. Abel would beneficially own less than 1% of the outstanding
shares of either class of stock.
|
(3)
|
Includes
options to purchase 154,052 shares of common stock that are presently
exercisable or become exercisable within
60 days.
|
127
Other
Matters
Pursuant
to a shareholders agreement, as amended on December 7, 2005, Mr. Abel
is able to require Berkshire Hathaway to exchange any or all of his shares of
MEHC common stock for shares of Berkshire Hathaway common stock. The number of
shares of Berkshire Hathaway common stock to be exchanged is based on the fair
market value of MEHC common stock divided by the closing price of the Berkshire
Hathaway common stock on the day prior to the date of exchange.
ITEM 13.
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
|
Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
The
Berkshire Hathaway Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the MEHC Code of
Business Conduct, or the Codes, which apply to all of our directors, officers
and employees and those of our subsidiaries, generally govern the review,
approval or ratification of any related-person transaction. A related-person
transaction is one in which we or any of our subsidiaries participate and in
which one or more of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than
five percent of our voting securities or any of such persons’ immediate family
members have a direct or indirect material interest.
Under the
Codes, all of our directors and executive officers (including those of our
subsidiaries) must disclose to our legal department any material transaction or
relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict with
our interests. No action may be taken with respect to such transaction or
relationship until approved by the legal department. For our chief executive
officer and chief financial officer, prior approval for any such transaction or
relationship must be given by Berkshire Hathaway’s audit committee. In addition,
prior legal department approval must be obtained before a director or executive
officer can accept employment, offices or board positions in other for-profit
businesses, or engage in his or her own business that raises a potential
conflict or appearance of conflict with our interests.
Under an
intercompany administrative services agreement we have entered into with MEHC
and its other subsidiaries, the cost of certain administrative services provided
by MEHC to us or by us to MEHC, or shared with MEHC and other subsidiaries, are
directly charged or allocated to the entity receiving such services. This
agreement has been filed with the utility regulatory commissions in the states
where we serve retail customers. We also provide an annual report of all
transactions with our affiliates to our state regulatory commissions, who have
the authority to refuse recovery in retail rates for payments we make to our
affiliates deemed to have the effect of subsidizing the separate business
activities of MEHC or its other subsidiaries.
Refer to
Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of
this Form 10-K for additional information regarding related-party
transactions.
Director
Independence
Because
our common stock is indirectly, wholly owned by MEHC, our Board of Directors
consists primarily of MEHC and PacifiCorp employees and we are not required to
have independent directors or audit, nominating or compensation committees
consisting of independent directors.
Based on
the standards of the New York Stock Exchange, on which the common stock of our
ultimate parent company, Berkshire Hathaway is listed, our Board of Directors
determined that all of our directors would not be considered independent because
of their employment by MEHC or PacifiCorp.
128
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND
SERVICES
Fees
and Pre-Approval Policy
The
following table shows PacifiCorp’s fees paid or accrued for audit and
audit-related services and fees paid for tax and all other services rendered by
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, the “Deloitte
Entities”) for each of the last two years (in millions):
2008
|
2007
|
|||||||
Audit
fees (1)
|
$ | 2.1 | $ | 2.1 | ||||
Audit-related
fees (2)
|
0.3 | 0.2 | ||||||
Tax
fees (3)
|
- | - | ||||||
All
other fees
|
- | - | ||||||
Total
aggregate fees billed
|
$ | 2.4 | $ | 2.3 |
(1)
|
Audit
fees include fees for the audit of PacifiCorp’s consolidated financial
statements and interim reviews of PacifiCorp’s quarterly financial
statements, audit services provided in connection with required statutory
audits, and comfort letters, consents and other services related to SEC
matters.
|
(2)
|
Audit-related
fees primarily include fees for assurance and related services for any
other statutory or regulatory requirements, audits of certain employee
benefit plans and consultations on various accounting and reporting
matters.
|
(3)
|
Tax
fees include fees for services relating to tax compliance, tax planning
and tax advice. These services include assistance regarding federal and
state tax compliance, tax return preparation and tax
audits.
|
The audit
committee of MEHC reviewed and approved the services rendered by the Deloitte
Entities in and for fiscal 2008 as set forth in the above table and concluded
that the non-audit services were compatible with maintaining the principal
accountant’s independence. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, all audit
and non-audit services performed by the principal accountant require approval in
advance by the audit committee in order to assure that such services do not
impair the principal accountant’s independence from PacifiCorp. Accordingly, the
audit committee has an Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy
(the “Policy”) that sets forth the procedures and the conditions pursuant
to which services to be performed by the principal accountant are to be
pre-approved. Pursuant to the Policy, certain services described in detail in
the Policy may be pre-approved on an annual basis together with pre-approved
maximum fee levels for such services. The services eligible for annual
pre-approval consist of services that would be included under the categories of
audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees. If not pre-approved on an annual
basis, proposed services must otherwise be separately approved prior to being
performed by the principal accountant. In addition, any services that receive
annual pre-approval but exceed the pre-approved maximum fee level also will
require separate approval by the audit committee prior to being performed. The
Policy does not delegate to management the audit committee’s responsibilities to
pre-approve services performed by the principal accountant.
129
PART
IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULES
(a)
|
Financial
Statements and Schedules
|
|
(i).
|
Financial
Statements:
|
|
Financial
statements are included in Item 8.
|
||
(ii)
|
Financial
Statement Schedules:
|
|
All
schedules have been omitted because they are either not applicable, not
required or the information required to be set forth therein is included
in the Consolidated Financial Statements or notes
thereto.
|
||
(b)
|
Exhibits
|
|
The
exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of
this Annual Report.
|
||
(c)
|
Financial
statements required by Regulation S-X, which are excluded from the
Annual Report by Rule 14a-3(b).
|
|
Not
applicable.
|
130
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on this 27th day
of February 2009.
PACIFICORP
|
|
/s/
Douglas K. Stuver
|
|
Douglas
K. Stuver
|
|
Senior
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|
|
(principal
financial and accounting officer)
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has
been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
||
/s/ Gregory E.
Abel
|
Chairman
of the Board of Directors
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
and
Chief Executive Officer
|
|||
(principal
executive officer)
|
||||
/s/ Douglas K.
Stuver
|
Senior
Vice President and
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Douglas
K. Stuver
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|||
(principal
financial and accounting officer)
|
||||
/s/ Douglas L.
Anderson
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
||||
/s/ Brent E.
Gale
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Brent
E. Gale
|
||||
/s/ Patrick J.
Goodman
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
||||
/s/ Natalie L.
Hocken
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
||||
/s/ A. Robert
Lasich
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
||||
/s/ Mark C.
Moench
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
Mark
C. Moench
|
||||
/s/ R. Patrick
Reiten
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
||||
/s/ A. Richard
Walje
|
Director
|
February 27,
2009
|
||
A.
Richard Walje
|
131
Exhibit
No.
|
Description
|
||
3.1*
|
Third
Restated Articles of Incorporation of PacifiCorp (Exhibit (3)b,
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996,
filed March 21, 1997, File No. 1-5152).
|
||
3.2*
|
Bylaws
of PacifiCorp, as amended May 23, 2005 (Exhibit 3.2, on Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2006, filed May 30,
2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
||
4.1*
|
Mortgage
and Deed of Trust dated as of January 9, 1989, between PacifiCorp and
JP Morgan Chase Bank (formerly known as The Chase Manhattan Bank),
Trustee, Ex. 4-E, Form 8-B, File No. 1-5152, as
supplemented and modified by 23 Supplemental Indentures as
follows:
|
Exhibit
Number:
|
File
Type
|
File
Date
|
File
Number
|
|
(4)(b)
|
SE
|
November 2, 1989
|
33-31861
|
|
(4)(a)
|
8-K
|
January 9, 1990
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
September 11, 1991
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
January 7, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended March 31, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended September 30, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
April 1, 1993
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended September 30, 1993
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended June 30, 1994
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1994
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1995
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1996
|
1-5152
|
|
4(b)
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1998
|
1-5152
|
|
99(a)
|
8-K
|
November 21, 2001
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2003
|
1-5152
|
|
99
|
8-K
|
September 8, 2003
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
August 24, 2004
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
June 13, 2005
|
1-5152
|
|
4.2
|
8-K
|
August 14, 2006
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
March 14, 2007
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
8-K
|
October 3, 2007
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
8-K
|
July 17, 2008
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
8-K
|
January 8, 2009
|
1-5152
|
4.2*
|
Third
Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. See 3.1 and 3.2
above.
|
In
reliance upon item 601(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, various instruments
defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Registrant and its
subsidiaries are not being filed because the total amount authorized under each
such instrument does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Registrant and
its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Registrant hereby agrees to
furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Commission upon
request.
10.1
|
Summary
of Key Terms of Named Executive Officer and Employee Director
Compensation.
|
10.2*
|
PacifiCorp
Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan (Exhibit 10.3, Annual
Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed
February 29, 2008, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.3*
|
Supplemental
Executive Retirement Plan (Exhibit 10.7, Annual Report on
Form 10-K, for the year ended March 31, 2005, filed May 27,
2005, File No. 1-5152).
|
132
10.4*
|
Amendment
No. 10 to PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated
June 2, 2006 (Exhibit 10.5, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed August 7, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.5*
|
Amendment
No. 11 to PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated
June 2, 2006 (Exhibit 10.6, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed August 7, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.6*
|
$700,000,000
Credit Agreement dated as of October 23, 2007 among PacifiCorp, The
Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent,
and Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent.
(Exhibit 99, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed
November 2, 2007, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.7*
|
$800,000,000
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of July 6, 2006 among
PacifiCorp, The Banks Party Hereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as
Administrative Agent and Issuing Bank, and The Royal Bank of Scotland plc,
as Syndication Agent. (Exhibit 99, Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q, filed August 4, 2006, File
No. 1-5152).
|
12.1
|
Statements
of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
|
12.2
|
Statements
of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and
Preference Dividends.
|
14.1*
|
Code
of Ethics (Exhibit 14.1, Transition Report on Form 10-K for the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, filed March 2, 2007,
File No. 1-5152).
|
23.1
|
Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
|
31.1
|
Principal
Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
31.2
|
Principal
Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
32.1
|
Principal
Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
32.2
|
Principal
Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
*Incorporated
herein by reference.
133