PACIFICORP /OR/ - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)
UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X]
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934
For the
fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
or
[ ]
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
For
the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission
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Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter
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IRS
Employer
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File
Number
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State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization
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Identification No.
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1-5152
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PACIFICORP
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93-0246090
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(An
Oregon Corporation)
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825
N.E. Multnomah Street
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Portland,
Oregon 97232
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503-813-5000
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N/A
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(Former
name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last
report)
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Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each
Class
5%
Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
Serial
Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
No Par
Serial Preferred Stock (Cumulative; $100 Stated Value)
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes T No o
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No T
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes T No o
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. T
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See
definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check
one):
Large
accelerated filer o
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Accelerated
filer o
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Non-accelerated
filer T
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Smaller
reporting company o
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No T
As of
January 31, 2008, there were 357,060,915 shares of common stock
outstanding. All shares of outstanding common stock are indirectly owned by
MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, 666 Grand Avenue, Des Moines,
Iowa.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
PART
I
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3
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28
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35
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35
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36
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37
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PART
II
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38
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38
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39
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55
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61
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105
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105
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105
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PART
III
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106
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107
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116
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117
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118
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PART
IV
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120
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122
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i
Forward-Looking
Statements
This
report contains statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to
historical facts. These statements are “forward-looking statements” within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of
forward-looking words, such as “may,” “could,” “project,” “believe,”
“anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “potential,” “plan,” “forecast,”
“intend,” and similar terms. These statements are based upon PacifiCorp’s
current intentions, assumptions, expectations and beliefs and are subject to
risks, uncertainties and other important factors. Many of these factors are
outside PacifiCorp’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially
from those expressed or implied by PacifiCorp’s forward-looking statements.
These factors include, among others:
·
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General
economic, political and business conditions in the jurisdictions in which
PacifiCorp’s facilities are
located;
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·
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Changes
in governmental, legislative or regulatory requirements affecting
PacifiCorp or the electric utility industry, including limits on the
ability of public utilities to recover income tax expense in rates, such
as Oregon Senate Bill 408;
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·
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Changes
in, and compliance with, environmental laws, regulations, decisions and
policies that could increase operating and capital improvement costs,
reduce plant output and/or delay plant
construction;
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·
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The
outcome of general rate cases and other proceedings conducted by
regulatory commissions or other governmental and legal
bodies;
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·
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Changes
in economic, industry or weather conditions, as well as demographic
trends, that could affect customer growth and usage or supply of
electricity;
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·
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A
high degree of variance between actual and forecasted load and prices that
could impact the hedging strategy and costs to balance electricity load
and supply;
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·
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Hydroelectric
conditions, as well as the cost, feasibility and eventual outcome of
hydroelectric relicensing proceedings, that could have a significant
impact on electric capacity and cost and on PacifiCorp’s ability to
generate electricity;
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·
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Changes
in prices and availability for both purchases and sales of wholesale
electricity, coal, natural gas and other fuel sources that could have a
significant impact on generation capacity and energy
costs;
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·
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Financial
condition and creditworthiness of significant customers and
suppliers;
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·
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Changes
in business strategy or development
plans;
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·
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Availability,
terms and deployment of capital;
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·
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Performance
of PacifiCorp’s generation facilities, including unscheduled outages or
repairs;
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·
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The
impact of derivative instruments used to mitigate or manage volume and
price risk and interest rate risk and changes in the commodity prices,
interest rates and other conditions that affect the value of the
derivatives;
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·
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The
impact of increases in health care costs, changes in interest rates,
mortality, morbidity and investment performance on pension and other
post-retirement benefits expense, as well as the impact of changes in
legislation on funding
requirements;
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·
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Changes
in PacifiCorp’s credit ratings;
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·
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Unanticipated
construction delays, changes in costs, receipt of required permits and
authorizations, ability to fund capital projects and other factors that
could affect future generation plants and infrastructure
additions;
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·
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The
impact of new accounting pronouncements or changes in current accounting
estimates and assumptions on financial
results;
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·
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Other
risks or unforeseen events, including litigation and wars, the effects of
terrorism, embargos and other catastrophic events;
and
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·
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Other
business or investment considerations that may be disclosed from time to
time in filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission
(the “SEC”) or in other publicly disseminated written
documents.
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1
Further
details of the potential risks and uncertainties affecting PacifiCorp are
described in its filings with the SEC, including Item 1A and other
discussions contained in this Form 10-K. PacifiCorp undertakes no
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether
as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The foregoing review
of factors should not be construed as exclusive.
2
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Ownership
by MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
On
March 21, 2006, a wholly owned subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy Holdings
Company (“MEHC”) acquired 100% of the common stock of PacifiCorp from a wholly
owned subsidiary of Scottish Power plc (“ScottishPower”). As a result of
the acquisition, MEHC controls substantially all of PacifiCorp’s voting
securities, which include both common and preferred stock. MEHC, a holding
company owning subsidiaries that are principally engaged in energy businesses,
is a consolidated subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
(“Berkshire Hathaway”).
On
March 1, 2006, MEHC and Berkshire Hathaway entered into an Equity
Commitment Agreement pursuant to which Berkshire Hathaway has agreed to purchase
up to $3.5 billion of common equity of MEHC upon any requests authorized
from time to time by the Board of Directors of MEHC. The proceeds of any such
equity contribution may only be used by MEHC for the purpose of (i) paying
when due MEHC’s debt obligations and (ii) funding the general corporate
purposes and capital requirements of MEHC’s regulated subsidiaries, including
PacifiCorp. Berkshire Hathaway will have up to 180 days to fund any such
request in minimum increments of at least $250 million pursuant to one or
more drawings authorized by MEHC’s Board of Directors. The funding of each
drawing will be made by means of a cash equity contribution to MEHC in exchange
for additional shares of MEHC’s common stock. PacifiCorp has no right to make or
to cause MEHC to make any equity contribution requests. The Berkshire Hathaway
equity commitment will expire on February 28, 2011.
Operations
PacifiCorp
(which includes PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries) is a United States regulated
electricity company serving 1.7 million retail customers, including
residential, commercial, industrial and other customers in portions of the
states of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp
owns, or has interests in, 68 thermal, hydroelectric and wind-powered
generating plants, with a plant net capacity of 9,286 megawatts (“MW”).
PacifiCorp also owns, or has interests in, electric transmission and
distribution assets, and transmits electricity through approximately
15,700 miles of transmission lines. PacifiCorp buys and sells electricity
on the wholesale market with public and private utilities, energy marketing
companies and incorporated municipalities in connection with excess electricity
generation or other system balancing activities. The regulatory commission in
each state approves rates for retail electric sales within that state.
Subsidiaries of PacifiCorp support its electric utility operations by providing
coal-mining facilities and services and environmental remediation
services.
PacifiCorp
delivers electricity to customers in Utah, Wyoming and Idaho under the trade
name Rocky Mountain Power and to customers in Oregon, Washington and California
under the trade name Pacific Power. PacifiCorp’s electric generation, commercial
and energy trading, and coal-mining functions are operated under the trade name
PacifiCorp Energy. As a vertically integrated electric utility, PacifiCorp owns
or has contracts for fuel sources, such as coal and natural gas, and uses these
fuel sources, as well as wind, geothermal and water resources, to generate
electricity at its power plants. This electricity, together with electricity
purchased on the wholesale market, is then transmitted via a grid of
transmission lines throughout PacifiCorp’s six-state region. The electricity is
then transformed to lower voltages and delivered to customers through
PacifiCorp’s distribution system.
PacifiCorp’s
primary goal is to provide safe, reliable electricity to its customers at a
reasonable cost. In return, PacifiCorp expects that all prudently incurred costs
to provide such service will be included as allowable costs for state
rate-making purposes, and PacifiCorp will be allowed an opportunity to earn a
reasonable return on its investments.
PacifiCorp
is experiencing growth in retail loads and expects this to continue for the
foreseeable future. PacifiCorp seeks to manage this growth in customer demand
through the construction and purchase of new cost-effective, environmentally
prudent and efficient sources of power supply and through demand response and
energy efficiency programs. During 2007, PacifiCorp added the 548-MW Lake Side
natural gas-fired plant and the 140-MW (nameplate rating) Marengo wind plant, as
well as expanded the capacity at its Blundell geothermal facility by 11 MW, to
help meet its retail load growth and replace expiring wholesale supply
contracts.
3
During
2008, PacifiCorp expects to place into service wind plants totaling 461 MW
or more. Additionally, PacifiCorp continues to pursue other cost-effective wind
plants scheduled for completion in 2009 and beyond. PacifiCorp is also investing
in its transmission and distribution system to integrate new generation
resources and effectively meet customer load growth. This planned generation,
transmission and distribution system expansion will also facilitate meeting the
commitments made to state regulatory commissions as a result of the sale of
PacifiCorp to MEHC. PacifiCorp expects to fund this construction with cash from
operations, long-term debt issuances and equity contributions from PPW Holdings
LLC.
Employees
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp, together with its subsidiaries, had
6,470 employees, 61% of which were covered by union contracts, principally
with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the Utility Workers
Union of America, the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers and the United
Mine Workers of America.
Fiscal
Year-End Change
In
May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors elected to change PacifiCorp’s
fiscal year-end from March 31 to December 31. As a result of
PacifiCorp’s election to change its fiscal year from March 31 to
December 31, the audited periods presented in the Consolidated Statements
of Income include the year ended December 31, 2007, the nine-month
transition period ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended March 31,
2006.
POWER
AND FUEL SUPPLY
Generating
Plants
The
following table shows the estimated percentage of PacifiCorp’s total energy
requirements supplied by its generation plants and through long- and short-term
contracts or spot market purchases. Refer to “Wholesale Sales and Purchased
Electricity” below for more information.
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year
Ended
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Period
Ended
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Year
Ended
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||||||||||
December 31,
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December 31,
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March 31,
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||||||||||
2007
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2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Coal
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64 | % | 62 | % | 68 | % | ||||||
Natural
gas
|
11 | 7 | 4 | |||||||||
Hydroelectric
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5 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
Other
|
1 | 1 | - | |||||||||
Total
energy generated
|
81 | 76 | 78 | |||||||||
Energy
purchased-long-term contracts
|
5 | 7 | 9 | |||||||||
Energy
purchased-short-term contracts and other
|
14 | 17 | 13 | |||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
The
percentage of PacifiCorp’s energy requirements generated by its plants will vary
from year to year and is determined by factors such as planned and unplanned
outages, availability and price of coal and natural gas, precipitation and
snow-pack levels, other weather-related impacts, environmental considerations
and the market price of electricity.
4
PacifiCorp
owns, or has interests in, various thermal, hydroelectric and wind generating
plants. The following table shows PacifiCorp’s existing generating plants as of
December 31, 2007:
Facility
Net
|
Net
|
||||||||||||||
Location
|
Energy
Source
|
Installed
|
Capacity
(MW) (a)(b)
|
MW
Owned (a)(c)
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|||||||||||
Coal:
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|||||||||||||||
Jim
Bridger
|
Rock
Springs, WY
|
Coal
|
1974-1979 | 2,120 | 1,414 | ||||||||||
Huntington
|
Huntington,
UT
|
Coal
|
1974-1977 | 895 | 895 | ||||||||||
Dave
Johnston
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Glenrock,
WY
|
Coal
|
1959-1972 | 762 | 762 | ||||||||||
Naughton
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Kemmerer,
WY
|
Coal
|
1963-1971 | 700 | 700 | ||||||||||
Hunter
No. 1
|
Castle
Dale, UT
|
Coal
|
1978
|
430 | 403 | ||||||||||
Hunter
No. 2
|
Castle
Dale, UT
|
Coal
|
1980
|
430 | 259 | ||||||||||
Hunter
No. 3
|
Castle
Dale, UT
|
Coal
|
1983
|
460 | 460 | ||||||||||
Cholla
No. 4
|
Joseph
City, AZ
|
Coal
|
1981
|
380 | 380 | ||||||||||
Wyodak
|
Gillette,
WY
|
Coal
|
1978
|
335 | 268 | ||||||||||
Carbon
|
Castle
Gate, UT
|
Coal
|
1954-1957 | 172 | 172 | ||||||||||
Craig
Nos. 1 and 2
|
Craig,
CO
|
Coal
|
1979-1980 | 856 | 165 | ||||||||||
Colstrip
Nos. 3 and 4
|
Colstrip,
MT
|
Coal
|
1984-1986 | 1,480 | 148 | ||||||||||
Hayden
No. 1
|
Hayden,
CO
|
Coal
|
1965-1976 | 184 | 45 | ||||||||||
Hayden
No. 2
|
Hayden,
CO
|
Coal
|
1965-1976 | 262 | 33 | ||||||||||
9,466 | 6,104 | ||||||||||||||
Natural
Gas:
|
|||||||||||||||
Lake
Side
|
Vineyard,
UT
|
Natural Gas/Steam
|
2007
|
548 | 548 | ||||||||||
Currant
Creek
|
Mona,
UT
|
Natural Gas/Steam
|
2005-2006 | 540 | 540 | ||||||||||
Hermiston
|
Hermiston,
OR
|
Natural Gas/Steam
|
1996
|
474 | 237 | ||||||||||
Gadsby
Steam
|
Salt
Lake City, UT
|
Natural
Gas
|
1951-1952 | 235 | 235 | ||||||||||
Gadsby
Peakers
|
Salt
Lake City, UT
|
Natural
Gas
|
2002
|
120 | 120 | ||||||||||
Little
Mountain
|
Ogden,
UT
|
Natural
Gas
|
1972
|
14 | 14 | ||||||||||
1,931 | 1,694 | ||||||||||||||
Hydroelectric:
(d)
|
|||||||||||||||
Swift
No. 1
|
Cougar,
WA
|
Lewis
River
|
1958
|
264 | 264 | ||||||||||
Merwin
|
Ariel,
WA
|
Lewis
River
|
1931-1958 | 151 | 151 | ||||||||||
Yale
|
Amboy,
WA
|
Lewis
River
|
1953
|
163 | 163 | ||||||||||
Five
North Umpqua Plants
|
Toketee
Falls, OR
|
N.
Umpqua River
|
1950-1956 | 141 | 141 | ||||||||||
John
C. Boyle
|
Keno,
OR
|
Klamath
River
|
1958
|
83 | 83 | ||||||||||
Copco
Nos. 1 and 2
|
Hornbrook,
CA
|
Klamath
River
|
1918-1925 | 62 | 62 | ||||||||||
Clearwater
Nos. 1 and 2
|
Toketee
Falls, OR
|
Clearwater
River
|
1953
|
49 | 49 | ||||||||||
Grace
|
Grace,
ID
|
Bear
River
|
1908-1923 | 33 | 33 | ||||||||||
Prospect
No. 2
|
Prospect,
OR
|
Rogue
River
|
1928
|
36 | 36 | ||||||||||
Cutler
|
Collingston,
UT
|
Bear
River
|
1927
|
29 | 29 | ||||||||||
Oneida
|
Preston,
ID
|
Bear
River
|
1915-1920 | 28 | 28 | ||||||||||
Iron
Gate
|
Hornbrook,
CA
|
Klamath
River
|
1962
|
19 | 19 | ||||||||||
Soda
|
Soda
Springs, ID
|
Bear
River
|
1924
|
14 | 14 | ||||||||||
28
Minor Hydroelectric Plants (e)
|
Various
|
Various
|
1895-1990 | 86 | 86 | ||||||||||
1,158 | 1,158 | ||||||||||||||
Wind:
|
|||||||||||||||
Foote
Creek
|
Arlington,
WY
|
Wind
|
1997
|
41 | 33 | ||||||||||
Leaning
Juniper 1
|
Arlington,
OR
|
Wind
|
2006
|
101 | 101 | ||||||||||
Marengo
|
Dayton,
WA
|
Wind
|
2007
|
140 | 140 | ||||||||||
282 | 274 | ||||||||||||||
Other:
|
|||||||||||||||
Camas
Co-Gen
|
Camas,
WA
|
Black
Liquor
|
1996
|
22 | 22 | ||||||||||
Blundell
|
Milford,
UT
|
Geothermal
|
1984, 2007 | 34 | 34 | ||||||||||
56 | 56 | ||||||||||||||
Total available generating capacity
|
12,893 | 9,286 | |||||||||||||
Projects
under construction: (f)
|
|||||||||||||||
Goodnoe
Hills
|
Goldendale,
WA
|
Wind
|
2008
|
94 | 94 | ||||||||||
Marengo
expansion
|
Dayton,
WA
|
Wind
|
2008
|
70 | 70 | ||||||||||
Glenrock
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
99 | 99 | ||||||||||
Rolling
Hills
|
Glenrock,
WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
99 | 99 | ||||||||||
Seven
Mile Hill
|
Medicine
Bow, WY
|
Wind
|
2008
|
99 | 99 | ||||||||||
461 | 461 |
5
(a)
|
Facility
net capacity represents the total capability of a generating unit as
demonstrated by actual operating or test experience, less power generated
and used for auxiliaries and other station uses, and is determined using
average annual temperatures. Net MW owned indicates current legal
ownership.
|
(b)
|
For
wind plants, nameplate ratings are used in place of facility net capacity.
A generator’s nameplate rating is its full-load capacity (in MW)
under normal operating conditions as defined by the
manufacturer.
|
(c)
|
All
or some of the renewable energy attributes associated with generation from
these facilities may be used in future years to comply with state or
federal renewable portfolio standards (“RPS”).
|
(d)
|
Hydroelectric
project locations are stated by locality and river
watershed.
|
(e)
|
For
information regarding the decommissioning of certain of PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric plants, refer to “Hydroelectric Decommissioning”
below.
|
(f)
|
Expected
to be complete by the end of 2008.
|
Future
Generation and Conservation
Integrated
Resource Plans
As
required by certain state regulations, PacifiCorp uses an Integrated Resource
Plan (“IRP”) to develop a long-term view of prudent future actions required to
help ensure that PacifiCorp continues to provide reliable and cost-effective
electric service to its customers. The IRP process identifies the amount and
timing of PacifiCorp’s expected future resource needs and an associated optimal
future resource mix that accounts for planning uncertainty, risks, reliability
impacts and other factors. The IRP is a coordinated effort with stakeholders in
each of the six states where PacifiCorp operates. When the IRP is filed, each
state commission with IRP adequacy rules judges whether the IRP reasonably meets
its standards and guidelines. PacifiCorp requests “acknowledgement” of its IRP
filing from the Utah Public Service Commission (the “UPSC”), the Oregon
Public Utility Commission (the “OPUC”), the Idaho Public Utilities
Commission (the “IPUC”) and the Washington Utilities and Transportation
Commission (the “WUTC”) pursuant to those states’ IRP adequacy rules. The
IRP can be used as evidence by parties in rate-making or other regulatory
proceedings. PacifiCorp files its IRP on a biennial basis.
In
May 2007, PacifiCorp released its 2007 IRP. The 2007 IRP
identified a need for approximately 3,171 MW of additional resources by
summer 2016 to satisfy the difference between projected retail load
obligations and available resources. PacifiCorp plans to meet this need through
demand response and energy efficiency programs; the construction or purchase of
additional generation, including cost-effective renewable energy, combined heat
and power, and thermal generation; and wholesale electricity transactions to
make up for the remaining difference between retail load obligations and
available resources. PacifiCorp is currently seeking acknowledgement of its
2007 IRP from state regulators and expects the acknowledgement process to
be complete in 2008.
Requests
for Proposal
PacifiCorp
has issued a series of separate requests for proposal (“RFP”), each of which
focuses on a specific category of resources as provided in the IRP. The IRP and
the RFP provide for the identification and staged procurement of resources in
future years to achieve load/resource balance. As required by applicable laws
and regulations, PacifiCorp files draft RFP with the UPSC, the OPUC and the WUTC
prior to issuance to the market.
In
February 2007, PacifiCorp filed a modified 2012 RFP in Utah for up to
1,700 MW of additional resources to become available beginning in 2012
through 2014. The RFP was approved by the UPSC and issued to the market in
April 2007. In June 2007, proposals from qualifying bidders were
received by commission-directed independent evaluators. These bids included
various structures, ranging from purchase or lease of coal, natural gas, and
geothermal power plants to power purchase agreements. PacifiCorp initiated
negotiations with short-listed bidders in January 2008.
In
January 2008, PacifiCorp issued to the market a 2008 renewable RFP for less
than 100 MW or greater than 100 MW for a power purchase agreement with
a term of less than five years, to become available prior to
December 2009.
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed an all source 2008 RFP with the UPSC, the
OPUC and the WUTC for base load, intermediate or third quarter summer peaking
products delivered into PacifiCorp’s system. The all source 2008 RFP seeks
up to 2,000 MW of resources to become available beginning in 2012 through
2016.
6
In
addition to new generation resources, substantial transmission investments are
expected to be required to deliver energy to PacifiCorp’s growing customer base
and to enhance system reliability. The actual investment requirement will depend
on the location and other characteristics of the new generation resources. Refer
to “Transmission and Distribution” below.
Demand-side
Management
PacifiCorp
has provided a comprehensive set of demand-side management programs to its
customers since the 1970s. The programs are designed to reduce growth in peak
load and energy consumption. Current programs offer customers services such as
energy engineering and audits, as well as rebates for high efficiency equipment
such as lighting, heating and cooling equipment, weatherization, motors and
process equipment and systems; new construction; and load management
(curtailment) programs for large commercial and industrial customers and
residential customers whose central air conditioners are controlled during
summer peak load periods. Subject to random prudence reviews, state regulations
allow for contemporaneous recovery of costs incurred for demand-side management
programs and services through the energy efficiency service charges to all
retail electric customers. In 2007, $53 million was expended on
the demand-side management programs in PacifiCorp’s six-state service area,
resulting in an estimated 300,000 megawatt hours (“MWh”) of first year energy
savings and 170 MW of peak load management.
Coal
PacifiCorp’s
coal generation portfolio consists of 11 plants with a net owned capacity
of 6,104 MW. These plants account for 66% of PacifiCorp’s total net owned
generating capacity. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had an estimated
232 million tons of recoverable coal reserves in company-owned or leased
mines, including those related to the underground mine described below. These
mines supplied 31% of PacifiCorp’s total coal requirements during the year ended
December 31, 2007 and the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006,
compared to 32% during the year ended March 31, 2006. The remaining coal
requirements are acquired through long- and short-term third-party contracts.
PacifiCorp’s mines are located adjacent to many of its coal-fired generating
plants, which significantly reduces overall transportation costs included in
fuel expense.
PacifiCorp
believes that the coal reserves available to the Craig, Huntington, Hunter and
Jim Bridger plants, together with coal available under both long- and short-term
contracts with external suppliers to supply its remaining plants, will be
substantially sufficient to provide these plants with fuel for their currently
expected useful lives. To meet applicable standards, PacifiCorp blends coal
mined at its owned mines with contracted coal, and utilizes electricity plant
technologies for controlling sulfur dioxide and other emissions.
In an
effort to lower costs and obtain better quality coal, the Jim Bridger mine
developed an underground mine to access 57 million tons of PacifiCorp’s
coal reserves. Sustained operations at the underground mine commenced in
March 2007 and production continues at its surface operations. The life of
the underground mine is expected to be approximately 15 years.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp-owned plants held sufficient
sulfur dioxide emission allowances to comply with the Environmental Protection
Agency (the “EPA”) Title IV requirements. The sulfur content of the
coal reserves generally ranges from 0.30% to 0.94%, and the British
thermal units value per pound of PacifiCorp’s coal reserves ranges
from 8,600 to 12,400.
7
Recoverable
coal reserves as of December 31, 2007, based on PacifiCorp’s most recent
engineering studies, were as follows (in millions):
Location
|
Plant Served
|
Mining Method
|
Recoverable Tons
|
|||||
Craig, CO
|
Craig
|
Surface
|
47 | (a) | ||||
Huntington & Castle Dale, UT
|
Huntington and Hunter
|
Underground
|
45 | (b) | ||||
Rock Springs, WY
|
Jim Bridger
|
Surface/Underground
|
140 | (c) | ||||
232 |
(a)
|
These
coal reserves are leased and mined by Trapper Mining, Inc., a Delaware
non-stock corporation operated on a cooperative basis, in which PacifiCorp
has an ownership interest of 21%.
|
(b)
|
These
coal reserves are leased by PacifiCorp and mined by a wholly owned
subsidiary of PacifiCorp.
|
(c)
|
These
coal reserves are leased and mined by Bridger Coal Company, a joint
venture between Pacific Minerals, Inc. (“PMI”) and a subsidiary
of Idaho Power Company. PMI, a subsidiary of PacifiCorp, has a two-thirds
interest in the joint venture. The amount included above represents only
PacifiCorp’s two-thirds interest in the coal
reserves.
|
Coal
reserve estimates are subject to adjustment as a result of the development of
additional engineering and geological data, new mining technology and changes in
regulation and economic factors affecting the utilization of such reserves.
Recoverability by surface mining methods typically ranges from 90% to 95%.
Recoverability by underground mining techniques ranges from 50% to 70%. Most of
PacifiCorp’s coal reserves are held pursuant to leases from the federal
government through the Bureau of Land Management and from certain states and
private parties. The leases generally have multi-year terms that may be renewed
or extended only with the consent of the lessor and require payment of rents and
royalties. In addition, federal and state regulations require that comprehensive
environmental protection and reclamation standards be met during the course of
mining operations and upon completion of mining activities. Refer to Note 7
of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K for additional information on asset retirement
obligations.
Natural Gas
PacifiCorp’s
natural gas-fired generation portfolio consists of five plants with a net owned
capacity of 1,694 MW, including the 548-MW Lake Side plant, which commenced
full combined-cycle operation in September 2007. These plants account for
18% of PacifiCorp’s total net owned generating capacity. PacifiCorp also
leases, through May 2008, one natural gas-fired peaking plant with a net
capacity of 200 MW.
PacifiCorp
uses natural gas as fuel for its combined- and simple-cycle natural gas-fired
plants. Oil and natural gas are also used for igniter fuel and to fuel
generation for transmission support and standby purposes. Although these sources
are presently in adequate supply and available to meet PacifiCorp’s needs, the
increase in PacifiCorp’s generation fueled by natural gas requires a prudent and
disciplined approach to natural gas procurement and hedging. PacifiCorp has
developed a natural gas procurement strategy that addresses the need to
economically hedge the estimated commodity risk (physical availability and
price), transportation risk and storage risk associated with its forecasted
natural gas requirements.
PacifiCorp
manages its natural gas supply requirements by entering into forward commitments
for physical delivery of natural gas. PacifiCorp also manages its exposure to
increases in natural gas supply costs through forward commitments for the
purchase of forecasted physical natural gas requirements at fixed prices and
financial swap contracts that settle in cash based on the difference between a
fixed price that PacifiCorp pays, and a floating market-based price that
PacifiCorp receives. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had economically
hedged 82% of its forecasted physical exposure and 97% of its financial exposure
for 2008. For 2009, PacifiCorp currently has hedged 61% of its
physical exposure and 84% of its financial exposure.
8
Hydroelectric
PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric portfolio consists of 47 plants with a net owned capacity of
1,158 MW. These plants account for 12% of PacifiCorp’s total net owned
generating capacity, helping satisfy a significant portion of PacifiCorp’s
reserve requirements and providing operational benefits such as flexible
generation and voltage control. Hydroelectric plants are located in Utah,
Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho, California and Montana.
The
amount of electricity PacifiCorp is able to generate from its hydroelectric
plants depends on a number of factors, including snow-pack in the mountains
upstream of its hydroelectric plants, reservoir storage, precipitation in its
watersheds, plant availability and restrictions imposed by oversight bodies due
to competing water management objectives. When these factors are favorable,
PacifiCorp can generate more electricity using its hydroelectric plants. When
these factors are unfavorable, PacifiCorp must increase its reliance on more
expensive thermal plants and purchased electricity.
PacifiCorp
operates the majority of its hydroelectric generating portfolio under long-term
licenses from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (the “FERC”) with
terms of 30 to 50 years. Several of PacifiCorp’s long-term operating
licenses have expired and they are operating under temporary annual licenses
issued by the FERC until new long-term operating licenses are issued.
Hydroelectric relicensing and the related environmental compliance requirements
are subject to a degree of uncertainty. PacifiCorp expects that future costs
relating to these matters may be significant and consist primarily of additional
relicensing costs and capital expenditures. If licenses are not issued,
significant decommissioning costs may be incurred. Electricity generation
reductions may also result from additional environmental requirements. As of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, PacifiCorp had incurred $89 million and
$79 million, respectively, in costs for ongoing hydroelectric relicensing,
which are included in Construction work-in-progress in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets. Refer to “Hydroelectric Relicensing” and
“Hydroelectric Decommissioning” below.
Wind
and Other Renewable Resources
PacifiCorp
is pursuing renewable resources as a viable, economic and environmentally
prudent means of generating electricity. The benefits of energy from renewable
resources include low to no emissions, and typically little or no fossil fuel
requirements. The intermittent nature of some renewable resources, such as wind,
is complemented by other generating resources, such as thermal or hydroelectric
generation, which are important to integrating intermittent wind resources into
the electric system.
PacifiCorp
currently generates power and associated energy from wind and other renewable
resources through three PacifiCorp-owned wind plants (in Oregon, Washington and
Wyoming), including the 140-MW (nameplate rating) Marengo wind plant that was
placed into service in August 2007. PacifiCorp also acquires power and
associated energy from renewable resources through various power purchase
agreements, some associated with wind plants in Oregon, Wyoming, Utah and Idaho,
and others associated with resources defined as “qualifying facilities” pursuant
to the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act. In addition to these wind plant
resources, PacifiCorp owns a geothermal plant in Utah.
In
connection with the March 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC,
PacifiCorp committed to state regulatory commissions to bring at least
100 MW (nameplate ratings) of cost-effective wind resources into service by
March 21, 2007, and, to the extent available, have 400 MW (nameplate
ratings) (inclusive of the 100 MW (nameplate ratings) commitment) of
cost-effective new renewable resources in PacifiCorp’s generation portfolio by
December 31, 2007. PacifiCorp met the requirements of its commitment to
bring 100 MW of cost-effective wind resources into service by
March 21, 2007 with the completion of the 101-MW Leaning Juniper 1
wind plant, which was placed into service in September 2006. PacifiCorp has
also met the requirements of its commitment to have 400 MW (nameplate
ratings) of cost-effective new renewable resources in its portfolio by
December 31, 2007 by completing the 140-MW (nameplate rating) Marengo
wind plant, which was placed into service in August 2007; entering
into power purchase agreements for output associated with the 65-MW
Wolverine Creek wind plant and two biomass facilities owned by retail
customers for 20 MW and 10 MW; completion of a 11-MW bottoming cycle
to the Blundell geothermal facility; and beginning construction of the 94-MW
Goodnoe Hills wind plant, which is expected to be placed into service during
2008.
9
WHOLESALE
SALES AND PURCHASED ELECTRICITY
In
addition to its portfolio of generating plants, PacifiCorp purchases electricity
in the wholesale markets to meet its retail load and long-term wholesale
obligations, for system balancing requirements and to enhance the efficient use
of its generating capacity over the long term. PacifiCorp’s total energy
requirements supplied by purchased electricity, under long- and short-term
purchase arrangements, were 19% during the year ended December 31, 2007;
24% during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006; and 22% during
the year ended March 31, 2006. PacifiCorp also sells electricity on the
wholesale market to public and private utilities, energy marketing companies and
to incorporated municipalities. These wholesale activities are regulated by the
FERC.
PacifiCorp enters into wholesale purchase and sale transactions to balance its electricity supply when generation and retail loads are higher or lower than expected. Generation can vary with the levels of outages, hydroelectric and wind generation conditions, operational factors and transmission constraints. Retail load can vary with the weather, distribution system outages, consumer trends and the level of economic activity. In addition, PacifiCorp purchases electricity in the wholesale markets when it is more economical than generating it at its own plants. PacifiCorp may also sell into the wholesale market excess electricity arising from imbalances between generation and retail load obligations, subject to pricing and transmission constraints. Many of PacifiCorp’s purchased electricity contracts have fixed-price components, which provide some protection against price volatility.
PacifiCorp’s
wholesale transactions are integral to its retail business, providing for a
balanced and economically hedged position and enhancing the efficient use of its
generating capacity over the long term. Historically, PacifiCorp has been able
to purchase electricity from utilities in the Western United States for its own
requirements. Delivery of these purchases is conducted through PacifiCorp and
third-party transmission systems, which connect with market hubs in the Pacific
Northwest to provide access to normally low-cost hydroelectric generation, and
in the Southwestern United States to provide access to normally higher-cost
fossil-fuel generation. The transmission system is available for common use
consistent with open-access regulatory requirements.
TRANSMISSION
AND DISTRIBUTION
PacifiCorp
operates one balancing authority area in the western portion of its service
territory, and one balancing authority area in the eastern portion of its
service territory. A balancing authority area is a geographic area with electric
systems that control generation to maintain schedules with other balancing
authority areas and ensure reliable operations. In operating the balancing
authority areas, PacifiCorp is responsible for continuously balancing electric
supply and demand by dispatching generating resources and interchange
transactions so that generation internal to the balancing authority area, plus
net imported power, matches customer loads. PacifiCorp also schedules deliveries
of energy over its transmission system in accordance with FERC
requirements.
Electric
transmission systems deliver energy from electric generators to distribution
systems for final delivery to customers. During the year ended December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp delivered 67,114 gigawatt-hours (“GWh”), net of line
losses, of electricity to retail and wholesale customers in its two balancing
authority areas through approximately 15,700 miles of
transmission lines.
PacifiCorp’s
transmission system is part of the Western Interconnection, the regional grid in
the West. The Western Interconnection includes the interconnected transmission
systems of 14 western states, two Canadian provinces and parts of Mexico
that make up the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (the “WECC”). The
map under “Service Territories” below shows PacifiCorp’s primary transmission
system. PacifiCorp’s transmission system, together with contractual rights on
other transmission systems, enables PacifiCorp to integrate and access
generation resources to meet its customer load requirements.
10
Substantially
all of PacifiCorp’s generating plants and reservoirs are managed on a
coordinated basis to obtain maximum load-carrying capability and efficiency.
Portions of PacifiCorp’s transmission and distribution systems are
located:
|
·
|
On
property owned or leased by
PacifiCorp;
|
|
·
|
Under
or over streets, alleys, highways and other public places, the public
domain and national forests and state lands under franchises, easements or
other rights that are generally subject to
termination;
|
|
·
|
Under
or over private property as a result of easements obtained primarily from
the record holder of title; or
|
|
·
|
Under
or over Native American reservations under grant of easement by the
Secretary of Interior or lease by Native American
tribes.
|
It is
possible that some of the easements, and the property over which the easements
were granted, may have title defects or may be subject to mortgages or liens
existing at the time the easements were acquired.
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp owned, or participated in, an electric
transmission system consisting of approximately:
|
Nominal
Voltage
|
||||||
(In
kilovolts)
|
|||||||
|
Transmission
Lines
|
Miles
|
|||||
500 |
700
|
||||||
345 |
2,000
|
||||||
230 |
3,300
|
||||||
161 |
400
|
||||||
138 |
2,100
|
||||||
115 |
1,500
|
||||||
69 |
3,000
|
||||||
57 |
100
|
||||||
49 |
2,600
|
||||||
15,700
|
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp owned approximately 900 transmission and
distribution substations.
PacifiCorp’s
wholesale transmission services are regulated by the FERC under cost-based
regulation subject to PacifiCorp’s Open Access Transmission Tariff (“OATT”). In
accordance with OATT, PacifiCorp offers several transmission services to
wholesale customers:
|
·
|
Network
transmission service (guaranteed service that integrates generating
resources to serve retail loads);
|
|
·
|
Long-
and short-term firm point-to-point transmission service (guaranteed
service with fixed delivery and receipt points);
and
|
|
·
|
Non-firm
point-to-point service (“as available” service with fixed delivery and
receipt points).
|
These services are offered on a non-discriminatory basis, which means that all potential customers are provided an equal opportunity to access the transmission system. PacifiCorp’s transmission business is managed and operated independently from the generating and marketing business, in accordance with the FERC Standards of Conduct.
11
Transmission
costs are not separated from, but rather are “bundled” with, generation and
distribution costs in rates approved by state regulatory commissions. Refer to
“Regulatory Matters – Federal Regulatory Matters” below for further information
related to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which requires that the FERC
establish and enforce standards for electric reliability; FERC Order 693,
which addresses the FERC’s responsibility for establishing and enforcing
electric reliability standards; and FERC Orders 890 and 890-A, which address
OATTs.
In
connection with the March 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC,
PacifiCorp committed to state regulatory commissions to spend approximately
$520 million in investments (to be made over several years following the
acquisition and subject to subsequent regulatory review and approval) in
PacifiCorp’s transmission and distribution system that would enhance
reliability, facilitate the receipt of renewable resources and enable further
system optimization. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had incurred
$112 million of capital expenditures and $16 million of operating
expenses pursuant to this commitment.
In
May 2007, PacifiCorp announced plans to build in excess of
1,200 miles of new high-voltage transmission lines primarily in Wyoming,
Utah, Idaho, Oregon and the desert Southwest. The estimated $4.1 billion
investment plan includes projects that will address customers’ increasing
electric energy use, improve system reliability and deliver wind and other
renewable generation resources to more customers throughout PacifiCorp’s
six-state service area and the Western United States. These transmission lines
are expected to be placed into service beginning 2010 and continuing through
2014. PacifiCorp is also collaborating with other utilities to address
transmission needs, including new development and system
reliability.
SERVICE
TERRITORIES
PacifiCorp
serves approximately 1.7 million regulated retail customers in service
territories aggregating approximately 136,000 square miles in portions of
six western states: Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California.
Except for Oregon and Washington, PacifiCorp has an exclusive right to serve
electricity customers within its service territories and, in turn, has the
obligation to provide electric service to those customers. Under Oregon law,
certain commercial and industrial customers have the right to choose alternative
electric suppliers. The impact of these programs on PacifiCorp’s financial
results has not been and is not expected to be material. In Washington, state
law does not provide for exclusive service territory allocation. PacifiCorp’s
service territory in Washington is surrounded by other public utilities with
whom PacifiCorp has from time to time entered into service area agreements under
the jurisdiction of the WUTC.
The
combined service territory’s diverse regional economy ranges from rural,
agricultural and mining areas to urban, manufacturing and government service
centers. No single segment of the economy dominates the service territory, which
helps mitigate PacifiCorp’s exposure to economic fluctuations. In the eastern
portion of the service territory, mainly consisting of Utah, Wyoming and
southeast Idaho, the principal industries are manufacturing, health services,
recreation, agriculture and mining or extraction of natural resources. In the
western portion of the service territory, mainly consisting of Oregon,
southeastern Washington and northern California, the principal industries are
agriculture and manufacturing, with forest products, food processing, technology
and primary metals being the largest industrial sectors. The following map
highlights PacifiCorp’s retail service territory, plant locations and
PacifiCorp’s primary transmission lines. PacifiCorp’s generating facilities are
interconnected through PacifiCorp’s own transmission lines or by contract
through transmission lines owned by others.
12
(a)
|
Access
to other entities’ transmission lines through wheeling
arrangements.
|
(b)
|
Access
to other entities’ transmission lines through
OATTs.
|
13
The
geographic distribution of PacifiCorp’s retail electric operating revenues was
as follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31, 2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
March 31, 2006
|
||||||||||
Utah
|
43 | % | 42 | % | 41 | % | ||||||
Oregon
|
29 | 29 | 29 | |||||||||
Wyoming
|
13 | 13 | 13 | |||||||||
Washington
|
7 | 8 | 9 | |||||||||
Idaho
|
6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
California
|
2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
PacifiCorp
receives authorization from state public utility commissions to serve areas
within each state. This authorization is perpetual until withdrawn. In addition,
PacifiCorp has received franchises that permit it to provide electric service to
customers inside incorporated areas within the states. The average term of these
franchises is approximately 30 years, although their terms range from five
years to indefinite. PacifiCorp must renew franchises as they expire.
Governmental agencies have the right to challenge PacifiCorp’s right to serve in
a specific area and can condemn PacifiCorp’s property under certain
circumstances. However, PacifiCorp vigorously challenges attempts from
individuals and governmental entities to undertake forced takeover of portions
of its service territory.
CUSTOMERS
Electricity
sold to retail customers and the average number of retail customers, by class of
customer, were as follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
March 31,
2006
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
GWh
sold:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential
|
15,975 | 24 | % | 11,158 | 22 | % | 14,880 | 23 | % | |||||||||||||||
Commercial
|
15,951 | 24 | 11,713 | 24 | 14,887 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Industrial
|
20,892 | 31 | 15,719 | 32 | 19,746 | 31 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
572 | 1 | 439 | 1 | 599 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
retail
|
53,390 | 80 | 39,029 | 79 | 50,112 | 79 | ||||||||||||||||||
Wholesale
|
13,724 | 20 | 10,284 | 21 | 13,381 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
GWh sold
|
67,114 | 100 | % | 49,313 | 100 | % | 63,493 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Average
number of retail customers (in thousands):
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential
|
1,441 | 86 | % | 1,415 | 86 | % | 1,388 | 86 | % | |||||||||||||||
Commercial
|
205 | 12 | 200 | 12 | 196 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
Industrial
|
34 | 2 | 34 | 2 | 34 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
4 | - | 4 | - | 4 | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
1,684 | 100 | % | 1,653 | 100 | % | 1,622 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Retail
customers:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average
usage per customer (kilowatt hours)
|
31,712 | 23,607 | 30,895 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average
revenue per customer
|
$ | 1,931 | $ | 1,358 | $ | 1,732 | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenue
per kilowatt hour
|
6¢ | 6¢ | 6¢ |
14
PacifiCorp
is estimating growth in retail MWh sales in PacifiCorp’s franchise service
territories to average between 1% and 3% annually over the next five years, with
significant growth estimated in Wyoming due to the extraction of natural
resources and large oil and natural gas industrial development within the state.
Customer growth will depend on factors such as economic conditions, number of
customers, weather, consumer trends, conservation efforts and changes in
prices.
Seasonality
Customer
demand is typically highest in the summer across PacifiCorp’s service territory
when air conditioning and irrigation systems are heavily used. Customer demand
also peaks in the winter months in the western portion of PacifiCorp’s service
territory primarily due to heating requirements and in the eastern portion due
to other electricity demands.
For
residential customers, within a given year, weather conditions are the dominant
cause of usage variations from normal seasonal patterns. Strong Utah residential
growth over the last several years and increasing installations of central air
conditioning systems have contributed to increased summer peak load growth.
During the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s peak load was
9,775 MW in the summer and 8,650 MW in the winter. During the year
ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s average load was 7,185 MW for
the summer and 7,028 MW for the winter.
RETAIL
COMPETITION
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp continued to operate its
retail business under state regulation, which generally prohibits retail
competition. However, under a 1999 Oregon law, certain PacifiCorp commercial and
industrial customers in Oregon have the right to choose alternative electricity
suppliers. As a result of this law, a group of customers having a total load of
approximately 12 average MW have chosen service from suppliers other than
PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp does not expect this competitive program to have a
material effect on its financial results during the year ending
December 31, 2008.
In
addition to Oregon’s program permitting limited retail competition, others in
PacifiCorp’s service territories are seeking to have a choice of suppliers,
exploring options to build their own generation or co-generation plants, or
considering the use of alternative energy sources, such as natural gas. If these
customers gain the right to receive electricity from alternative suppliers, they
will make their energy purchasing decisions based upon many factors, including
price, service and system reliability. The use of alternative energy sources is
typically based on availability, price and the general demand for
electricity.
REGULATORY
MATTERS
PacifiCorp
is subject to comprehensive regulation by the FERC, the UPSC,
the OPUC, the Wyoming Public Service Commission (the “WPSC”),
the WUTC, the IPUC, the California Public Utilities Commission
(the “CPUC”), the WECC, and other federal, state and local regulatory
agencies. These authorities regulate various matters, including, but not limited
to, customer rates, service territories, allocation of costs by state, asset
acquisitions and sales, wholesale sales and purchases of electricity, the
operation of PacifiCorp’s electric generation and transmission facilities,
issuances of securities, accounting policies and practices and other matters. In
addition, PacifiCorp is a “licensee” and a “public utility” as those terms are
used in the Federal Power Act and is therefore subject to regulation by the FERC
as to accounting policies and practices, certain prices and other matters,
including the terms and conditions of transmission service. Most of PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric plants are licensed by the FERC as major projects under the
Federal Power Act, and certain of these projects are licensed under the Oregon
Hydroelectric Act.
15
Federal
Regulatory Matters
For a
discussion of California and Northwest Refund cases, refer to Note 15 of
the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of
this Form 10-K.
The Bonneville Power Administration Residential
Exchange Program
The
Northwest Power Act, through the Residential Exchange Program, provides access
to the benefits of low-cost federal hydroelectricity to the residential and
small-farm customers of the region’s investor-owned utilities. The program is
administered by the Bonneville Power Administration (the “BPA”) in
accordance with federal law. Pursuant to agreements between the BPA and
PacifiCorp, benefits from the BPA are passed through to PacifiCorp’s Oregon,
Washington and Idaho residential and small-farm customers in the form of
electricity bill credits. In October 2000, PacifiCorp entered into a
settlement agreement with the BPA that provided Residential Exchange Program
benefits to PacifiCorp’s customers from October 2001 through
September 2006. In May 2001, PacifiCorp entered into a load reduction
agreement with the BPA that eliminated the BPA’s obligation to deliver power to
PacifiCorp from October 2001 through September 2006 in exchange for
cash payments. This agreement also contained a “reduction of risk discount”
provision, which provided that the BPA would reduce the cash payments to
PacifiCorp if by December 1, 2001, PacifiCorp and other utilities were able
to negotiate and enter into settlement agreements with the publicly owned
utilities and other of the BPA’s preference customers dismissing certain
lawsuits. If these parties did not reach settlement by the specified date, the
clause would expire and the BPA would make cash payments to PacifiCorp based on
the original rate for the October 2002 through September 2006 period.
Settlement was not reached and the clause expired, obligating the BPA to make
the full cash payment to PacifiCorp. In May 2004, PacifiCorp, the BPA and
other parties executed an additional agreement, which modified both the
October 2000 and May 2001 agreements, which provides for a guaranteed
range of benefits to customers from October 2006 through
September 2011.
Several
publicly owned utilities, cooperatives and the BPA’s direct-service industry
customers filed lawsuits against the BPA with the United States Court of Appeals
for the Ninth Circuit (the “Ninth Circuit”) seeking review of certain
aspects of the BPA’s Residential Exchange Program, as well as challenging the
level of benefits previously paid to investor-owned utility customers. In
May 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued two decisions. The first decision sets
aside the October 2000 Residential Exchange Program settlement agreement as
being inconsistent with the BPA’s settlement authority. The second decision
holds, among other things, that the BPA acted contrary to law when it allocated
to its preference customers, which include public utilities, cooperatives and
federal agencies, part of the costs of the October 2000 settlement the BPA
reached with its investor-owned utility customers. As a result of the ruling, in
May 2007, the BPA notified the Pacific Northwest’s six utilities, including
PacifiCorp, that it was immediately suspending payments. This has resulted in
increases to PacifiCorp’s residential and small-farm customers’ electric bills
in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. In October 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued
one published decision and three unpublished decisions. The published decision
remanded the May 2004 agreement modifying the October 2000 and
May 2001 agreements to the BPA for further action consistent with the Ninth
Circuit’s May 2007 decisions. The other three unpublished decisions dismiss
cases in which the publicly owned utilities sought review of the BPA’s decision
to implement the reduction of risk discount provision and make the full cash
payment to PacifiCorp. In February 2008, the BPA initiated a rate proceeding
under section 7(i) of the Northwest Power Act to reconsider the level of
benefits for the years 2002 through 2006 consistent with the Ninth Circuit’s
decisions, to re-establish the level of benefits for years 2007 and 2008 and to
set the level of benefits for years 2009 and beyond. Because the benefit
payments from the BPA are passed through to PacifiCorp’s customers, the outcome
of this matter is not expected to have a significant effect on PacifiCorp’s
consolidated financial results.
16
FERC
Market Oversight
FERC Order No. 693
In
March 2007, the FERC issued Order No. 693, Mandatory Reliability Standards for
the Bulk-Power System, which imposes penalties of up to $1 million
per day per violation for failure to comply with new electric reliability
standards. The FERC approved 83 reliability standards developed by the
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (the “NERC”).
Responsibility for compliance and enforcement of these standards has been given
to the WECC. The 83 standards comprise over 600 requirements and
sub-requirements with which PacifiCorp must comply. On June 18, 2007, the
standards became mandatory and enforceable under federal law. PacifiCorp expects
that the existing standards will change as a result of modifications, guidance
and clarification following industry implementation and ongoing audits and
enforcement. On January 18, 2008, the FERC approved eight additional cyber
security and critical infrastructure protection standards proposed by the NERC.
The additional standards will become effective on April 7, 2008. PacifiCorp
cannot predict the effect that these standards will have on its consolidated
financial results; however, they will likely have a significant impact on
transmission operations and resource planning functions. Also during 2007,
the WECC audited PacifiCorp’s compliance with several of the reliability
standards approved by the FERC. PacifiCorp is analyzing the preliminary results
of the audit and, at this time, cannot predict the impact of potential
penalties, if any, on its consolidated financial results.
FERC Orders No. 890
and 890-A
In
February 2007, the FERC adopted a final rule in Order No. 890 designed
to strengthen the pro forma OATT by providing greater specificity and increasing
transparency. The most significant revisions to the pro forma OATT relate to the
development of more consistent methodologies for calculating available transfer
capability, changes to the transmission planning process, changes to the pricing
of certain generator and energy imbalances to encourage efficient scheduling
behavior and to exempt intermittent generators, and changes regarding long-term
point-to-point transmission service, including the addition of conditional firm
long-term point-to-point transmission service, and generation re-dispatch. As a
transmission provider with an open-access transmission tariff on file with the
FERC, PacifiCorp is required to comply with the requirements of the new rule.
The first compliance filing, which amends the OATT, was filed in July 2007.
Certain details related to the precise methodology that will be used to
calculate available transfer capability were filed with the FERC in
September 2007. A number of parties to the proceeding, including
PacifiCorp, have requested rehearing or clarification of various portions of the
final rule. In December 2007, the FERC issued Order No. 890-A
generally affirming the provisions of the final rule as adopted in Order
No. 890 with certain limited clarifications. Although PacifiCorp has
requested a limited clarification of Order No. 890-A, the final rule as
revised is not anticipated to have a significant impact on PacifiCorp’s
financial results, but it will likely have a significant impact on its
transmission operations, planning and wholesale marketing
functions.
Energy Policy Act of 2005
On
August 8, 2005, the Energy Policy Act was signed into law and has
significantly impacted the energy industry. In particular, the law expanded the
FERC’s regulatory authority in areas such as electric system reliability,
electric transmission expansion and pricing, regulation of utility holding
companies, and enforcement authority to issue civil penalties of up to
$1 million per day. While the FERC has now issued rules and decisions on
multiple aspects of the Energy Policy Act, the full impact of those decisions
remains uncertain.
The
Energy Policy Act also gives the FERC “backstop” transmission siting authority
and directs the FERC to oversee the establishment of mandatory transmission
reliability standards as discussed above. The Energy Policy Act also extended
the federal production tax credit for new renewable electricity generation
projects through December 31, 2007, with subsequent legislation extending
the credit to December 31, 2008. Partly as a result of that portion of the
law, PacifiCorp began development efforts to add additional wind
plants.
17
Transmission Settlement
In
January 2007, the FERC approved a settlement with PacifiCorp regarding
PacifiCorp’s use of its transmission system while conducting wholesale power
transactions with third parties. PacifiCorp discovered possible violations of
its FERC-approved tariff during an internal investigation of its compliance with
certain FERC regulations shortly before MEHC’s acquisition of PacifiCorp. Upon
completion of the acquisition, PacifiCorp self-reported the potential violations
to the FERC. The potential violations primarily related to the way PacifiCorp
used its own transmission system to transmit energy using “network service”
instead of “point-to-point” service as the FERC believes is required by
PacifiCorp’s tariff. This use of transmission service neither enriched
PacifiCorp’s shareholders nor harmed its retail customers. As part of the
settlement, PacifiCorp voluntarily refunded $1 million to other
transmission customers in April 2006 and paid a $10 million fine to
the United States Treasury in January 2007.
Wholesale
Electricity and Capacity
The FERC
regulates PacifiCorp’s rates charged to wholesale customers for electricity,
capacity and transmission services. Most of PacifiCorp’s electric wholesale
sales and purchases take place under market-based rate pricing allowed by the
FERC and are therefore subject to market volatility. A December 2006
decision of the Ninth Circuit changed the interpretation of the relevant
standard that the FERC should apply when reviewing wholesale contracts for
electricity or capacity from a stringent “public policy” standard to a broader
“just and reasonable” standard making contracts more vulnerable to challenge.
The decision raises some concerns regarding the finality of contract prices,
particularly from the sellers’ side of the transactions. The United States
Supreme Court is reviewing the case on appeal and the outcome of its ruling
cannot be predicted at this time. All sellers subject to the FERC’s
jurisdiction, including PacifiCorp, are currently subject to increased risk as a
result of this decision.
The FERC
conducts a triennial review of PacifiCorp’s market-based rate pricing authority.
Each utility must demonstrate the lack of generation market power in order to
charge market-based rates for sales of wholesale electricity and capacity in
their respective balancing authority areas. Under the FERC’s market-based rules,
PacifiCorp must file a notice of change in status when 100 MW of
incremental generation becomes operational. Following separate filings by
PacifiCorp of a change in status notice relating to new generation, the FERC in
February and November 2007 confirmed that PacifiCorp does not have market
power and may continue to charge market-based rates. In accordance with the
filing schedule established by the FERC in Order No. 697, PacifiCorp’s next
triennial review will occur in 2010.
Hydroelectric
Relicensing
Several
of PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric plants are in some stage of the relicensing
process with the FERC. PacifiCorp also has requested the FERC to allow
decommissioning of certain hydroelectric projects. The following summarizes the
status of certain of these projects.
Klamath
Hydroelectric Project – (Klamath River, Oregon and California)
In
February 2004, PacifiCorp filed with the FERC a final application for a new
license to operate the 169-MW (nameplate rating) Klamath hydroelectric project
in anticipation of the March 2006 expiration of the existing license.
PacifiCorp is currently operating under an annual license granted by the FERC
and expects to continue to operate under annual licenses until the new operating
license is issued. As part of the relicensing process, the United States
Departments of Interior and Commerce filed proposed licensing terms and
conditions with the FERC in March 2006, which proposed that PacifiCorp
construct upstream and downstream fish passage facilities at the Klamath
hydroelectric project’s four mainstem dams. In April 2006, PacifiCorp filed
alternatives to the federal agencies’ proposal and requested an administrative
hearing to challenge some of the federal agencies’ factual assumptions
supporting their proposal for the construction of the fish passage facilities. A
hearing was held in August 2006 before an administrative law judge. The
administrative law judge issued a ruling in September 2006 generally
supporting the federal agencies’ factual assumptions. In January 2007, the
United States Departments of Interior and Commerce filed modified terms and
conditions consistent with March 2006 filings and rejected the alternatives
proposed by PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp is prepared to meet and implement the federal
agencies’ terms and conditions as part of the project’s relicensing. However,
PacifiCorp expects to continue in settlement discussions with various parties in
the Klamath Basin area who have intervened with the FERC licensing proceeding to
try to achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for the project.
18
Also, as
part of the relicensing process, the FERC is required to perform an
environmental review. In September 2006, the FERC issued its draft
environmental impact statement on the Klamath hydroelectric project license.
PacifiCorp filed comments on the draft statement by the close of the public
comment period on December 1, 2006. Subsequently, in November 2007,
the FERC issued its final environmental impact statement. The United States Fish
and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service issued final
biological opinions in December 2007 analyzing the hydroelectric project’s
impact on endangered species under the proposed new FERC license. The United
States Fish and Wildlife Service asserts the hydroelectric project is currently
not covered by previously issued biological opinions, and that consultation
under the Endangered Species Act is required by the issuance of annual license
renewals. PacifiCorp disputes these assertions, and believes federal case law is
clear that consultation on annual FERC licenses is not required. PacifiCorp will
need to obtain water quality certifications from Oregon and California prior to
the FERC issuing a final license. PacifiCorp currently has applications pending
before each state.
Lewis
River Hydroelectric Projects – (Lewis River, Washington)
PacifiCorp
filed new license applications for the 136-MW (nameplate rating) Merwin and
240-MW (nameplate rating) Swift No. 1 hydroelectric projects in
April 2004. An application for a new license for the 134-MW (nameplate
rating) Yale hydroelectric project was filed with the FERC in April 1999.
However, consideration of the Yale application was delayed pending filing of the
Merwin and Swift No. 1 applications so that the FERC could complete a
comprehensive environmental analysis.
In
November 2004, PacifiCorp executed a comprehensive settlement agreement
with 25 other parties including state and federal agencies, Native American
tribes, conservation groups, and local government and citizen groups to resolve,
among the parties, issues related to the pending applications for new licenses
for PacifiCorp’s Merwin, Swift No. 1 and Yale hydroelectric projects. As
part of this settlement agreement, PacifiCorp agreed to implement certain
protection, mitigation and enhancement measures prior to and during a proposed
50-year license period. However, these commitments are contingent on ultimately
receiving licenses from the FERC and other required permits that are consistent
with the settlement agreement. PacifiCorp has received water quality
certificates from the Washington Department of Ecology and biological opinions
from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine
Fisheries Service. Regulatory documents needed to license the projects have been
submitted to the FERC and PacifiCorp is awaiting the issuance of new FERC
licenses.
Prospect
Hydroelectric Project – (Rogue River, Oregon)
In
June 2003, PacifiCorp submitted a final license application to the FERC for
the Prospect Nos. 1, 2 and 4 hydroelectric projects, whose nameplate
ratings total 37 MW. The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality issued
a 401 Water Quality certificate for the project in April 2007, which
effectively concluded the license process. The FERC is expected to issue a new
license before the end of May 2008.
Hydroelectric
Decommissioning
Powerdale
Hydroelectric Project – (Hood River, Oregon)
In
June 2003, PacifiCorp entered into a settlement agreement to remove the
6-MW (nameplate rating) Powerdale plant rather than pursue a new license, based
on an analysis of the costs and benefits of relicensing versus decommissioning.
Removal of the Powerdale dam and associated project features, which is subject
to the FERC and other regulatory approvals, is projected to cost $6 million
excluding inflation. Removal was scheduled to commence in 2010. However, in
November 2006, flooding damaged the Powerdale plant and rendered its
generating capabilities inoperable. In February 2007, the FERC granted
PacifiCorp’s request to cease generation at the project until decommissioning
activities begin. Also in February 2007, PacifiCorp submitted a request to
the FERC to allow the company to defer the remaining net book value and any
additional removal costs of this project as a regulatory asset. In
May 2007, the FERC issued an order that approved PacifiCorp’s proposed
accounting entries, thereby allowing PacifiCorp to reclassify the net book value
and the estimated removal costs to a regulatory asset. PacifiCorp has received
approval from its state commissions to defer and recover these
costs.
19
Condit
Hydroelectric Project – (White Salmon River, Washington)
In
September 1999, a settlement agreement to remove the 10-MW (nameplate
rating) Condit hydroelectric project was signed by PacifiCorp, state and federal
agencies and non-governmental organizations. Under the original settlement
agreement, removal was expected to begin in October 2006, with a total cost
to decommission not to exceed $17 million, excluding inflation. In early
February 2005, the parties agreed to modify the settlement agreement so
that removal will not begin until October 2008 for a total cost to
decommission not to exceed $21 million, excluding inflation. The settlement
agreement is contingent upon receiving a FERC surrender order and other
regulatory approvals that are not materially inconsistent with the amended
settlement agreement. PacifiCorp is in the process of acquiring all necessary
permits, within the terms and conditions of the amended settlement agreement. If
the permitting process continues into the second quarter of 2008, the
decommissioning will not begin until October 2009.
Cove
Hydroelectric Project – (Bear River, Idaho)
In May
2006, the FERC approved PacifiCorp’s application to amend the Bear River license
and authorized the removal of the 8-MW (nameplate rating) Cove hydroelectric
plant and facilities. Decommissioning of the Cove facilities has been completed
in accordance with the license amendment and the approved removal plan. The
removal of the dam, flowline and all facilities, with the exception of the
powerhouse that has been designated a historical landmark, was completed in
November 2006. As of December 31, 2007, $3 million had been spent
for the decommissioning of the Cove hydroelectric project.
American
Fork Hydroelectric Project – (American Fork Creek, Utah)
In
August 2004, the FERC authorized the removal of the 1-MW (nameplate
rating) American Fork hydroelectric plant and facilities. Decommissioning of the
American Fork facilities has been completed in accordance with the approved
removal plan. The removal of the dam, flowline and all facilities, with the
exception of the powerhouse that has been designated a historical landmark, was
completed in December 2007. As of December 31, 2007, $4 million
had been spent for the decommissioning of the American Fork hydroelectric
project.
United
States Mine Safety
Mining
operations are regulated by the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration
(“MSHA”), which administers federal mine safety and health laws, regulations and
state regulatory agencies. The Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act
of 2006 (“MINER Act”), enacted in June 2006, amended previous
mine safety and health laws to improve mine safety and health and accident
preparedness. The MINER Act, portions of which are not yet fully implemented,
requires operators of underground coal mines to develop a written emergency
response plan specific to each mine they operate. These plans must be updated
and re-certified by MSHA every six months. It also requires every mine to
have at least two rescue teams located within one hour, and it limits the
legal liability of rescue team members and the companies that employ them. The
MINER Act also increases civil and criminal penalties for violations of federal
mine safety standards and gives MSHA the ability to institute a civil action for
relief, including a temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order or
other appropriate order against a mine operator who fails to pay the penalties
or fines.
State
Regulatory Actions
PacifiCorp
is currently pursuing a regulatory program in all states, with the objective of
keeping rates closely aligned to ongoing costs. The following discussion
provides a state-by-state update.
Utah
In
December 2007, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the UPSC
requesting an annual increase of $161 million, or an average price increase
of 11%. The increase is primarily due to increased capital spending and net
power costs, both of which are driven by load growth. In February 2008, the
UPSC issued an order determining that the proper test period should end
December 2008. PacifiCorp is currently determining the reduction to the
originally requested amount that will result from the change in the test period.
Hearings on the revenue requirement portion of the case are scheduled for
June 2008, with the rate-design phase scheduled for October 2008.
PacifiCorp expects that initial rates, if approved, will become effective no
later than August 2008.
20
In
December 2006, the UPSC approved a stipulation settling PacifiCorp’s
general rate case filed in March 2006 related to increased investments in
Utah due to growing demand for electricity. The stipulation called for an annual
increase of $115 million, or an average price increase of 10%, with
$85 million of the increase effective December 11, 2006 and the
remaining $30 million increase effective June 1, 2007.
Oregon
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed a renewable cost adjustment clause that will
allow for timely recovery between rate cases of the costs of eligible renewable
resources and associated transmission under the RPS. The RPS required the OPUC
to approve an automatic adjustment clause for timely recovery of these costs by
January 1, 2008. In December 2007, the OPUC approved a settlement
stipulation filed by the parties to the proceedings that established the
renewable adjustment clause (“RAC”) mechanism, with an effective date of
January 1, 2008. Under the RAC mechanism, PacifiCorp will submit a filing
on April 1 of each year, with rates to become effective January 1 of
the following year, to recover the revenue requirement of new renewable
resources and associated transmission that are not reflected in general rates.
As part of the RAC mechanism, the OPUC authorized PacifiCorp to defer eligible
costs not yet included in rates until the next annual RAC filing.
In
July 2007, as part of PacifiCorp’s annual compliance filing with the OPUC
to update forecasted net power costs, PacifiCorp requested an increase of
approximately $30 million, or an average price increase of 3%, to take
effect January 1, 2008. The annual filing, called the transition adjustment
mechanism (“TAM”), was adjusted for new contracts through October 2007 and
for other changes to forecasted net power costs, such as coal and natural gas
prices, through November 2007. In October 2007, the OPUC issued an
order that approved the TAM increase subject to PacifiCorp updating its net
power cost forecast to reflect changes adopted in the decision. In
November 2007, PacifiCorp submitted a compliance filing with an updated net
power cost forecast, which reflected a $22 million increase, or an average
price increase of 2%. In December 2007, the OPUC approved the TAM with
rates effective January 1, 2008.
In
September 2006, the OPUC approved a settlement agreement resolving
PacifiCorp’s February 2006 general rate case request related to investments
in generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure and increases in
fuel and general operating expenses, including the maintenance of low-cost but
aging power plants. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, PacifiCorp received an
annual increase for non-power cost items of $33 million effective
January 1, 2007. Also on January 1, 2007, PacifiCorp received a
$10 million increase for power costs through its annual TAM.
For a
discussion of Oregon Senate Bill 408, refer to Note 3 of the Notes to
the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
Wyoming
In
June 2007, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WPSC requesting an
annual increase of $36 million, or an average price increase of 8%. In
addition, PacifiCorp requested approval of a new renewable resource recovery
mechanism and a marginal cost pricing tariff to better reflect the cost of
adding new generation. In January 2008, PacifiCorp reached a settlement in
principle with parties to the case, subject to entering into a final stipulation
and approval by the WPSC. The settlement provides for an annual rate increase of
$23 million, or an average price increase of 5%. In addition, the parties
also agreed to a forecast power cost mechanism and discontinuation of the
current power cost adjustment mechanism (“PCAM”) by April 2011, unless a
continuation is specifically applied for by PacifiCorp and approved by the WPSC.
PacifiCorp’s marginal cost pricing tariff proposal will not be implemented, but
will be the subject of a collaborative process to seek a new pricing proposal.
Also as part of the settlement, PacifiCorp agreed to withdraw from this filing
its request for a renewable resource recovery mechanism. The stipulation was
executed and filed with the WPSC in January 2008 and will be the subject of
a hearing for approval beginning in March 2008. PacifiCorp expects the new
rates to become effective by May 2008.
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed its annual deferred net power cost
adjustment application with the WPSC in the amount of $31 million for costs
incurred during the period December 1, 2006 through November 30,
2007.
21
In
February 2007, PacifiCorp filed its first annual deferred net power
cost adjustment application with the WPSC in the amount of
$3 million for costs incurred during the period July 1, 2006
through November 30, 2006. In March 2007, PacifiCorp received approval
from the WPSC to implement interim rates effective April 1, 2007, in the
amount of $3 million. In May 2007, PacifiCorp filed a stipulation and
agreement with the WPSC that resolved all issues in the application and reduced
the deferred net power cost adjustment to $2 million. The revised rates
were effective July 1, 2007.
Washington
In
February 2008, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC for an
annual increase of $35 million, or an average price increase of 15%,
with an effective date no later than January 2009.
In
October 2006, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the WUTC for an
annual increase of $23 million, or an average price increase of 10%. As
part of the filing, PacifiCorp proposed a Washington-only cost-allocation
methodology, which is based on PacifiCorp’s western resources. The rate case
included a five-year pilot period on the proposed allocation methodology and a
PCAM. In June 2007, the WUTC issued an order approving a rate increase of
$14 million, or an average price increase of 6%, effective June 27,
2007, and accepted PacifiCorp’s proposed western balancing authority area
cost-allocation methodology for a five-year pilot period. The WUTC found that
PacifiCorp demonstrated the need for a PCAM, but it did not approve the design
of the proposal in this case. The order authorized PacifiCorp to file a revised
PCAM proposal, with or without a request to file power cost-only rate cases,
outside the context of a general rate case within 12 months of the
order.
Idaho
In
June 2007, PacifiCorp filed a general rate case with the IPUC for an annual
increase of $18 million, or an average price increase of 10%, with a
request for an effective date of January 1, 2008. In November 2007, an
all-party stipulation was reached on all issues in the general rate case,
resulting in an annual increase of $12 million, or an average price
increase of 6%. The IPUC approved the settlement stipulation in
December 2007, with new rates effective January 1, 2008. The
settlement also provides for rate increases effective January 1, 2009 and
2010 for PacifiCorp’s two special contract industrial customers and no
additional rate changes for those two special contract customers effective prior
to January 1, 2011. Additional rate increases for the remaining customer
classes may be requested if needed to maintain cost of service
coverage.
California
In
October 2007, PacifiCorp filed two advice letters requesting authority to
implement components of the post test-year adjustment mechanism (“PTAM”), a
mechanism that allows for annual rate adjustments for changes in operating costs
and plant additions outside of the context of a traditional rate case. The
combined requested increase totaled $2 million, or an average price
increase of 2%. The CPUC approved the increase in November 2007. In
December 2007, PacifiCorp revised the increase based on updated capital
additions, and the CPUC issued a revised order for a $1 million increase,
or an average price increase of 1% effective January 1, 2008.
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed an energy cost adjustment clause application
with the CPUC to update actual and forecasted net variable power costs,
requesting a rate increase of $6 million, or an average price increase of
8%, with an effective date of January 1, 2008. In December 2007, the
CPUC issued an order for a $5 million increase, or an average price
increase of 7%, with an effective date of January 1, 2008.
Depreciation
Rate Changes
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed applications with the regulatory commissions
in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington and Idaho to change the rates of
depreciation and extend the depreciable lives of certain assets, based on a new
depreciation study. Agreements have been reached in each of these states and are
in various stages of approval. When approved by the state commissions, the
agreements will make the new depreciation rates effective January 1, 2008.
For further discussion on depreciation rate changes, refer to Note 2 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
22
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
PacifiCorp
is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations with regard to air
and water quality, RPS, climate change, hazardous and solid waste disposal and
other environmental matters and is subject to zoning and other regulation by
local authorities. In addition to imposing continuing compliance obligations,
these laws and regulations authorize the imposition of substantial penalties for
noncompliance including fines, injunctive relief and other sanctions. PacifiCorp
believes it is in material compliance with all laws and regulations. The most
significant environmental laws and regulations affecting PacifiCorp
include:
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·
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The
federal Clean Air Act, as well as state laws and regulations impacting air
emissions, including State Implementation Plans related to existing and
new national ambient air quality standards. Rules issued by the EPA and
certain states require substantial reductions in sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide emissions beginning in 2009 and extending through 2018.
PacifiCorp has already installed certain emission control technology and
is taking other measures to comply with required reductions. Refer to
“Clean Air Standards” below for additional discussion regarding this
topic.
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·
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The
federal Water Pollution Control Act (“Clean Water Act”) and individual
state clean water laws regulate cooling water intake structures and
discharges of wastewater, including storm water runoff. PacifiCorp
believes that it currently has, or has initiated the process to receive,
all required water quality permits. Refer to “Water Quality Standards”
below for additional discussion regarding this
topic.
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·
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The
federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act and similar state laws, which may require any current or former owners
or operators of a disposal site, as well as transporters or generators of
hazardous substances sent to such disposal site, to share in environmental
remediation costs. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for
additional information regarding environmental
contingencies.
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·
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The
federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 and similar
state statutes establish operational, reclamation and closure standards
that must be met during and upon completion of mining activities. Refer to
Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included
in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
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·
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The
FERC oversees the relicensing of existing hydroelectric projects and is
also responsible for the oversight and issuance of licenses for new
construction of hydroelectric projects, dam safety inspections and
environmental monitoring. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K for additional information regarding the relicensing of
certain of PacifiCorp’s existing hydroelectric
facilities.
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PacifiCorp
is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations with regard to air
and water quality, RPS, climate change, hazardous and solid waste disposal and
other environmental matters. The cost of complying with applicable environmental
laws, regulations and rules is expected to be material to PacifiCorp. In
particular, future mandates may impact the operation of PacifiCorp’s generating
facilities and may require PacifiCorp to reduce emissions at its generating
facilities through the installation of additional emission control equipment or
to purchase additional emission allowances or offsets in the future. PacifiCorp
is not aware of any established technology that reduces the carbon dioxide
emission at coal-fired facilities and PacifiCorp is uncertain when, or if, such
technology will be commercially available.
Expenditures
for compliance-related items such as pollution control technologies, replacement
generation, mine reclamation, hydroelectric relicensing, hydroelectric
decommissioning and associated operating costs are generally incorporated into
the routine cost structure of PacifiCorp. An inability to recover these costs
from PacifiCorp’s customers, either through regulated rates, long-term
arrangements or market prices, could adversely affect PacifiCorp’s future
financial results.
23
Clean
Air Standards
The Clean
Air Act provides a framework for protecting and improving the nation’s air
quality and controlling mobile and stationary sources of air emissions. The
major Clean Air Act programs, which most directly affect PacifiCorp’s electric
generating facilities, are briefly described below. Many of these programs are
implemented and administered by the states, which can impose additional, more
stringent requirements.
In
connection with the March 2006 acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC,
PacifiCorp committed to state regulators to spend approximately
$812 million over several years to reduce emissions at PacifiCorp’s
generating facilities to address existing and future air quality requirements.
These costs and any additional expenditures necessitated by air quality
regulations are expected to be recovered in rates and, as a result, would not
have a material adverse impact on PacifiCorp’s consolidated results of
operations. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had incurred
$205 million in capital expenditures pursuant to this
commitment.
National
Ambient Air Quality Standards
The EPA
implements national ambient air quality standards for ozone and fine particulate
matter, as well as for other criteria pollutants that set the minimum level of
air quality for the United States. Areas that achieve the standards, as
determined by ambient air quality monitoring, are characterized as being in
attainment, while those that fail to meet the standards are designated as being
nonattainment areas. Generally, sources of emissions in a nonattainment area are
required to make emissions reductions. The counties in Washington, Oregon,
Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Arizona where PacifiCorp’s major emission
sources are located are in attainment of the current ambient air quality
standards. A new, more stringent standard for fine particulate matter became
effective on December 18, 2006, but is under legal challenge in the United
States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Air quality
modeling and preliminary air quality monitoring data indicate that portions of
the states in which PacifiCorp has major emission sources may not meet the new
standards. Until three years of data are collected and attainment designations
under the new fine particulate standard are made, the impact of these new
standards on PacifiCorp will not be known.
In
July 2007, the EPA proposed revisions to the primary and secondary national
ambient air quality standards for ozone, including lowering the current level of
the 8-hour standard from 0.08 parts per million to a range of 0.070
and 0.075 parts per million. The EPA also solicited public comments through
October 9, 2007 on alternative levels between 0.060 parts per million
and the current 8-hour standard. Final action on the standards must be completed
by March 12, 2008. States will then have until June 2009 to
characterize their attainment status, with the EPA’s determinations regarding
non-attainment made by June 2010 and state implementation plans due
in 2013. Until the EPA makes its final determination on the revised
standards and attainment designations are made, the impact of any new standards
on PacifiCorp will not be known.
Regulated
Air Pollutants
In
March 2005, the EPA released the final Clean Air Mercury Rule (“CAMR”), a
two-phase program that utilizes a market-based cap and trade mechanism to reduce
mercury emissions from coal-burning power plants from the 1999 nationwide level
of 48 tons to 15 tons. The CAMR required initial reductions of mercury
emissions in 2010 and an overall reduction in mercury emissions from
coal-burning power plants of 70% by 2018. The individual states in which
PacifiCorp operates facilities regulated under the CAMR submitted state
implementation plans reflecting their regulations relating to state mercury
control programs. On February 8, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit held that the EPA improperly removed
electricity generating units from Section 112 of the Clean Air Act and,
thus, that the CAMR was improperly promulgated under Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. The court vacated the CAMR’s new source performance standards and
remanded the matter to the EPA for reconsideration. In light of this decision,
it is not known the extent to which future mercury rules may impact PacifiCorp’s
current plans to reduce mercury emissions at its coal-fired
facilities.
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Regional
Haze
The EPA
has initiated a regional haze program intended to improve visibility at specific
federally protected areas. Some of PacifiCorp’s plants meet the threshold
applicability criteria under the Clean Air Visibility Rules. In accordance with
the federal requirements, states were required to submit state implementation
plans by December 2007 to demonstrate reasonable progress toward achieving
natural visibility conditions in certain Class I areas by requiring
emission controls, known as best available retrofit technology, on sources with
emissions that are anticipated to cause or contribute to impairment of
visibility. Wyoming has not yet submitted its state implementation plan and is
continuing to review the results of analyses relating to planned emission
reductions at PacifiCorp’s Wyoming generating plants. Utah has not yet submitted
its state implementation plan, but expects to do so in the near term. PacifiCorp
believes that its planned emission reduction projects will satisfy the regional
haze requirements in Utah and Wyoming; however, it is possible that some
additional controls may be required once the respective state implementation
plans have been submitted.
New
Source Review
Under
existing New Source Review (“NSR”) provisions of the Clean Air Act, any facility
that emits regulated pollutants is required to obtain a permit from the EPA or a
state regulatory agency prior to (i) beginning construction of a new major
stationary source of an NSR-regulated pollutant, or (ii) making a physical
or operational change to an existing stationary source of such pollutants that
increases certain levels of emissions, unless the changes are exempt under the
regulations (including routine maintenance, repair and replacement of
equipment). In general, projects subject to NSR regulations are subject to
pre-construction review and permitting under the Prevention of Significant
Deterioration (“PSD”) provisions of the Clean Air Act. Under the PSD program, a
project that emits threshold levels of regulated pollutants must undergo a “best
available control technology” analysis and evaluate the most effective emissions
controls. These controls must be installed in order to receive a permit.
Violations of NSR regulations, which may be alleged by the EPA, states and
environmental groups, among others, potentially subject a utility to material
expenses for fines and other sanctions and remedies including requiring
installation of enhanced pollution controls and funding supplemental
environmental projects.
As part
of an industry-wide investigation to assess compliance with the NSR and PSD
provisions, the EPA has requested from numerous utilities information and
supporting documentation regarding their capital projects for various generating
plants. Between 2001 and 2003, PacifiCorp responded to requests for information
relating to its capital projects at its generating plants and has been engaged
in periodic discussions with the EPA over several years regarding this matter.
An NSR enforcement case against another utility has been decided by the United
States Supreme Court, holding that an increase in annual emissions of a
facility, when combined with a modification (i.e., a physical or operational
change), may trigger NSR permitting. PacifiCorp cannot predict the outcome of
the EPA’s review of the data it has submitted at this time.
In 2002
and 2003, the EPA proposed various changes to its NSR rules that clarify what
constitutes routine repair, maintenance and replacement for purposes of
triggering NSR requirements. These changes have been subject to legal challenge,
and in March 2006, a panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit invalidated portions of the EPA’s new NSR rules,
holding that they conflicted with the wording of the statute. However, the EPA
has asked the United States Supreme Court to review portions of the case. Until
such time as the legal challenges are resolved and the revised rules are
effective, PacifiCorp will continue to manage projects at its generating plants
in accordance with the rules in effect prior to 2002, except for
pollution-control projects, which are now subject to permitting under the PSD
program. In 2005, the EPA proposed a rule that would change or clarify how
emission increases are to be calculated for purposes of determining the
applicability of the NSR permitting program for existing power plants. The EPA
also proposed additional changes to the NSR rules in September 2006 that are
intended to simplify the permitting process and allow facilities to undertake
activities that improve their safety, reliability and efficiency without
triggering NSR requirements. In April 2007, the EPA issued a supplemental
notice of proposed rulemaking to determine emissions increases for electric
generating units, proposing to use both hourly and annual emissions tests to
determine whether utilities trigger the NSR permitting program when an existing
power plant makes a physical or operational change. The supplemental proposal
was issued three weeks after the United States Supreme Court issued a unanimous
opinion in Environmental
Defense v. Duke Energy that the EPA was correct in applying an annual
emissions test to determine NSR compliance.
25
Refer to
“Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in Item 7 of this Form 10-K
for additional information regarding planned capital expenditures related to air
quality standards. Refer to Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional
information regarding commitments and litigation related to air quality
standards.
Renewable
Portfolio Standards
The RPS
described below could significantly impact PacifiCorp’s financial results.
Resources that meet the qualifying electricity requirements under the RPS vary
from state-to-state. Each state’s RPS requires some form of compliance reporting
and PacifiCorp can be subject to penalties in the event of
non-compliance.
In
November 2006, Washington voters approved a ballot initiative establishing
a RPS requirement for qualifying electric utilities, including PacifiCorp. The
requirements are 3% of retail sales by January 1, 2012 through 2015, 9% of
retail sales by January 1, 2016 through 2019 and 15% of retail sales by
January 1, 2020. The WUTC has adopted final rules to implement the
initiative. PacifiCorp expects to be able to recover its costs of complying with
the RPS, either through rate cases or an adjustment mechanism.
In
June 2007, the Oregon Renewable Energy Act (the “Act”) was adopted,
providing a comprehensive renewable energy policy for Oregon. Subject to certain
exemptions and cost limitations established in the Act, PacifiCorp and other
qualifying electric utilities must meet minimum qualifying electricity
requirements for electricity sold to retail customers of at least 5% in 2011
through 2014, 15% in 2015 through 2019, 20% in 2020 through 2024, and 25% in
2025 and subsequent years. As required by the Act, the OPUC has approved an
automatic adjustment clause to allow an electric utility, including PacifiCorp,
to recover prudently incurred costs of its investments in renewable energy
facilities and associated transmission costs. The OPUC and the Oregon Department
of Energy have undertaken additional rulemaking proceedings to further implement
the initiative. PacifiCorp expects to be able to recover its costs of complying
with the RPS through the automatic adjustment mechanism. For further discussion
of the automatic adjustment mechanism, refer to “Regulatory Matters – State
Regulatory Actions – Oregon” above.
California
law requires electric utilities to increase their procurement of renewable
resources by at least 1% of their annual retail electricity sales per year so
that 20% of their annual electricity sales are procured from renewable resources
by no later than December 31, 2010. However, PacifiCorp and other small
multi-jurisdictional utilities (“SMJU”) are currently awaiting further guidance
from the CPUC on the treatment of SMJUs in the California RPS program.
PacifiCorp has filed comments requesting SMJU rules for flexible compliance with
annual targets. PacifiCorp expects rules governing the treatment of SMJUs and
any specific flexible compliance mechanisms to be released by CPUC staff for
public review in early 2008. Absent further direction from the CPUC on treatment
of SMJUs, PacifiCorp cannot predict the impact of the California RPS on its
financial results.
Climate
Change
As a
result of increased attention to global climate change in the United States,
numerous bills have been introduced in the current session of the United States
Congress that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.
Congressional leadership has made climate change legislation a priority, and
many congressional observers expect to see the passage of climate change
legislation within the next several years. The Lieberman-Warner Climate Security
Act of 2007 (S. 2191) was passed by the United States Senate Environment
and Public Works Committee on December 5, 2007. The bill would impose an
economy-wide cap on greenhouse gas emissions to reduce emissions 70% from 2005
levels by 2050. Included within the bill’s definition of a covered facility is
any facility that uses more than 5,000 tons of coal in a calendar year,
which includes all of PacifiCorp’s coal-fired generating plants. In addition,
nongovernmental organizations have become more active in initiating citizen
suits under existing environmental and other laws. In April 2007, a United
States Supreme Court decision concluded that the EPA has the authority under the
Clean Air Act to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles.
Furthermore, pending cases that address the potential public nuisance from
greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generators and the EPA’s failure to
regulate greenhouse gas emissions from new and existing coal-fired plants are
expected to become active. While debate continues at the national level over the
direction of domestic climate policy, several states have developed
state-specific laws or regional legislative initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, including:
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In
February 2007, the governors of California, Arizona, New Mexico,
Oregon and Washington signed the Western Regional Climate Action
Initiative (the “Western Climate Initiative”) that directed their
respective states to develop a regional target for reducing greenhouse
gases by August 2007. Utah joined the Western Climate Initiative in
May 2007. The states in the Western Climate Initiative announced a
target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by
2020, with Utah establishing its reduction goal by August 2008. By
August 2008, they are expected to devise a market-based program, such
as a load-based cap-and-trade program for the electricity sector, to reach
the regional target. The Western Climate Initiative participants also have
agreed to participate in a multi-state registry to track and manage
greenhouse gas emissions in the
region.
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An
executive order signed by California’s governor in June 2005 would
reduce greenhouse gas emissions in that state to 2000 levels by 2010, to
1990 levels by 2020 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. In addition,
California has adopted legislation that imposes a greenhouse gas emission
performance standard to all electricity generated within the state or
delivered from outside the state that is no higher than the greenhouse gas
emission levels of a state-of-the-art combined-cycle natural gas
generation facility, as well as legislation that adopts an economy-wide
cap on greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by
2020.
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The
Washington and Oregon governors enacted legislation in May 2007 and
August 2007, respectively, establishing economy-wide goals for the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in their respective states.
Washington’s goals seek to (i) by 2020, reduce emissions to
1990 levels; (ii) by 2035, reduce emissions to 25% below
1990 levels; and (iii) by 2050, reduce emissions to 50% below
1990 levels, or 70% below Washington’s forecasted emissions in 2050.
Oregon’s goals seek to (i) by 2010, cease the growth of Oregon
greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) by 2020, reduce greenhouse gas levels
to 10% below 1990 levels; and (iii) by 2050, reduce greenhouse
gas levels to at least 75% below 1990 levels. Each state’s
legislation also calls for state government-developed policy
recommendations in the future to assist in the monitoring and achievement
of these goals. The impact of the enacted legislation on PacifiCorp cannot
be determined at this time.
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PacifiCorp
continues to add renewable electric capacity to its generation portfolio. In
addition, PacifiCorp has engaged in voluntary programs designed to either reduce
or avoid greenhouse gas emissions, including the EPA’s sulfur hexafluoride
reduction program and refrigerator recycling programs. PacifiCorp is a member of
the California Climate Action Registry and The Climate Registry, under which it
reports and certifies its greenhouse gas emissions.
The
impact of any pending judicial proceedings and any pending or enacted federal
and state climate change legislation and regulation cannot be determined at this
time; however, adoption of stringent limits on greenhouse gas emissions could
significantly impact PacifiCorp’s current and future fossil-fueled facilities,
and, therefore, its financial results.
Water
Quality Standards
The Clean
Water Act establishes the framework for maintaining and improving water quality
in the United States through a program that regulates, among other things,
discharges to and withdrawals from waterways. The Clean Water Act requires that
cooling water intake structures reflect the “best technology available for
minimizing adverse environmental impact” to aquatic organisms. In
July 2004, the EPA established significant new national technology-based
performance standards for existing electric generating facilities that take in
more than 50 million gallons of water a day. These rules are aimed at
minimizing the adverse environmental impacts of cooling water intake structures
by reducing the number of aquatic organisms lost as a result of water
withdrawals. In response to a legal challenge to the rule, in January 2007,
the Second Circuit Court of Appeals remanded almost all aspects of the rule to
the EPA, leaving companies with cooling water intake structures uncertain
regarding compliance with these requirements. Petitions for certiorari are
pending before the United States Supreme Court regarding the Second Circuit’s
decision. Compliance and the potential costs of compliance therefore cannot be
ascertained until such time as further action is taken by the EPA. Currently,
PacifiCorp’s Dave Johnston plant exceeds the 50 million gallons of water
per day in-take threshold. In the event that PacifiCorp’s existing intake
structures require modification or alternative technology is required by new
rules, expenditures to comply with these requirements could be
significant.
27
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are
subject to certain risks in our business operations as described below. Careful
consideration of these risks, together with all of the other information
included in this annual report and the other public information filed by us,
should be made before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties
described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and
uncertainties not presently known or that are currently deemed immaterial may
also impair our business operations.
We
are subject to extensive regulations that affect our operations and costs. These
regulations are complex, dynamic and subject to change.
We are
subject to numerous regulation and laws enforced by regulatory agencies. These
regulatory agencies include, among others, the FERC, the WECC, the EPA and the
public utility commissions in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and
California.
Regulations
affect almost every aspect of our business and limit our ability to
independently make and implement management decisions regarding, among other
items, business combinations, constructing, acquiring or disposing of operating
assets, setting rates charged to customers, establishing capital structures and
issuing debt or equity securities, engaging in transactions with our
subsidiaries and affiliates, and paying dividends. Regulations are subject to
ongoing policy initiatives and we cannot predict the future course of changes in
regulatory laws, regulations and orders, or the ultimate effect that regulatory
changes may have on us. However, such changes could materially impact our
financial results. For example, such changes could result in, but are not
limited to, increased retail competition within our service territories; new
environmental requirements, including the implementation of RPS and greenhouse
gas emissions reduction goals; the acquisition by a municipality or other
quasi-governmental body of our distribution facilities (by negotiation,
legislation or condemnation or by a vote in favor of a Public Utility District
under Oregon law); or a negative impact on our current cost recovery
arrangements, including income tax recovery.
The
Energy Policy Act of 2005, or the Energy Policy Act, impacts many segments
of the energy industry. The United States Congress granted the FERC additional
authority in the Energy Policy Act, which expanded its regulatory role from a
regulatory body to an enforcement agency. To implement the law, the FERC has and
will continue to issue new regulations and regulatory decisions addressing
electric system reliability, electric transmission planning, operation,
expansion and pricing, regulation of utility holding companies, and enforcement
authority, including the ability to assess civil penalties of up to
$1 million per day per infraction for non-compliance. The full impact of
those decisions remains uncertain; however, the FERC has vigorously exercised
its enforcement authority by imposing significant civil penalties for violations
of its rules and regulations. In addition, as a result of past events affecting
electric reliability, the Energy Policy Act requires federal agencies, working
together with non-governmental organizations charged with electric reliability
responsibilities, to adopt and implement measures designed to ensure the
reliability of electric transmission and distribution systems. Since the
adoption of the Energy Policy Act, the FERC has approved numerous electric
reliability, cyber security and critical infrastructure protection standards
developed by the NERC. A transmission owner’s reliability compliance issues with
these and future standards may result in financial penalties. In FERC Order
No. 693, the FERC implemented its authority to impose penalties of up to
$1 million per day per violation for failure to comply with electric
reliability standards. The adoption of these and future electric reliability
standards will impose more comprehensive and stringent requirements on us, which
could result in increased compliance costs and could adversely affect our
financial results.
The FERC
has issued a series of orders to foster greater competition in wholesale power
markets by reducing barriers to entry in the provision of transmission service.
In FERC Orders No. 888, 889, 890 and 890-A, the FERC required electric
utilities to adopt a proforma OATT by which transmission service would be
provided on a just, reasonable and not unduly discriminatory or preferential
basis. The rules adopted by these orders promote transparency and consistency in
the administration of the OATT, increase the ability of customers to access new
generating resources and promote efficient utilization of transmission by
requiring an open, transparent and coordinated transmission planning process.
Together with the increased reliability standards required of transmission
providers, the cost of operating the transmission system and providing
transmission service has increased and, to the extent such increased costs are
not recovered in rates charged to customers, it could adversely affect our
financial results.
28
Further,
several of our hydroelectric projects whose operating licenses have expired or
will expire in the next several years are in some stage of the FERC relicensing
process. Hydroelectric relicensing is a political and public regulatory process
involving sensitive resource issues and uncertainties. We cannot predict with
certainty the requirements (financial, operational or otherwise) that may be
imposed by relicensing, the economic impact of those requirements, and whether
new licenses will ultimately be issued or whether we will be willing to meet the
relicensing requirements to continue operating our hydroelectric projects. Loss
of hydroelectric resources or additional commitments arising from relicensing
could adversely affect our financial results.
Recovery
of our costs is subject to regulatory review and approval, and the inability to
recover costs may adversely affect our financial results.
State
Rate Proceedings
We
establish rates for our regulated retail service through state regulatory
proceedings. These proceedings typically involve multiple parties, including
government bodies and officials, consumer advocacy groups and various consumers
of energy, who have differing concerns, but who have the common objective of
limiting rate increases. Decisions are subject to appeal, potentially leading to
additional uncertainty associated with the approval proceedings.
Each
state sets retail rates based in part upon the state utility commission’s
acceptance of an allocated share of total utility costs. When states adopt
different methods to calculate interjurisdictional cost allocations, some costs
may not be incorporated into rates of any state. Rate-making is also generally
done on the basis of estimates of normalized costs, so if a given year’s
realized costs are higher than normal, rates will not be sufficient to cover
those costs. Each state utility commission generally sets rates based on a test
year established in accordance with that commission’s policies. Certain states
use a future test year or allow for escalation of historical costs, while other
states use a historical test year. Use of a historical test year may cause
regulatory lag, which results in us incurring costs, including significant new
investments, for which recovery through rates is delayed. State commissions also
decide the allowed rates of return MEHC will be given an opportunity to earn on
its equity investment in us. They also decide the allowed levels of expense and
investment that they deem is just and reasonable in providing service. The state
commissions may disallow recovery in rates for any costs that do not meet such
standard.
In Utah,
Washington and Idaho, we are not permitted to pass through energy cost increases
in our electric rates without seeking a general rate increase. Any significant
increase in the cost of fuel used for generation or the cost of purchased
electricity could have a negative impact on us, despite our efforts to minimize
this impact through future general rate cases or the use of hedging instruments.
Any of these consequences could adversely affect our financial
results.
While
rate regulation is premised on providing a fair opportunity to obtain a
reasonable rate of return on invested capital, the state regulatory commissions
do not guarantee that we will be able to realize a reasonable rate of
return.
FERC
Jurisdiction
The FERC
establishes cost-based tariffs under which we provide transmission services to
wholesale markets and retail markets in states that allow retail competition.
The FERC also has responsibility for approving both cost- and market-based rates
under which we sell electricity at wholesale and has licensing authority over
most of our hydroelectric generation facilities. The FERC may impose price
limitations, bidding rules and other mechanisms to address some of the
volatility of these markets or may (pursuant to pending or future proceedings)
revoke or restrict our ability to sell electricity at market-based rates, which
could adversely affect our financial results. The FERC may also impose
substantial civil penalties for any non-compliance with the Federal Power Act or
the FERC’s rules or orders.
29
We
are actively pursuing, developing and constructing new or expanded facilities,
the completion and expected cost of which is subject to significant risk, and we
have significant funding needs related to our planned capital
expenditures.
We are
engaged in several large construction or expansion projects, including
construction and development of multiple wind plants and various capital
projects related to generation, transmission and distribution. In addition, in
connection with MEHC’s acquisition of us in early 2006, MEHC and we have
committed to undertake several other capital expenditure projects, principally
relating to environmental controls, transmission and distribution, renewable
generation and other facilities. Including these investments, we expect to incur
substantial construction, expansion and other capital-related costs over the
next several years. Additional significant investments may be incurred as a
result of the issuance and implementation of state and federal RPS and
greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals.
Development
and construction of major facilities are subject to substantial risks, including
fluctuations in the price and availability of commodities, manufactured goods,
equipment, labor and other items over a multi-year construction period. These
risks may result in higher than expected costs to complete an asset and place it
into service. Such costs may not be recoverable in the regulated rates we are
able to charge our customers. It is also possible that additional generation
needs may be obtained through power purchase agreements which could increase
long-term purchase obligations and force our subsidiaries to rely on the
operating performance of a third party. The inability to successfully and timely
complete a project, avoid unexpected costs or to recover any such costs may
materially affect our financial results.
Furthermore,
we depend upon both internal and external sources of liquidity to provide
working capital and to fund capital requirements. If these funds are not
available, we may need to postpone or cancel planned capital expenditures.
Failure to construct these projects could limit opportunities for revenue
growth, increase operating costs and adversely affect the reliability of
electric service to our customers. For example, if we are not able to expand our
existing generating facilities, we may be required to enter into bilateral
long-term electricity procurement contracts or procure electricity at more
volatile and potentially higher prices in the spot markets to support growing
retail loads.
We
are subject to numerous environmental, health, safety and other laws,
regulations and other requirements that may adversely impact financial
results.
Operational
Standards
We are
subject to numerous environmental, health, safety, and other laws and
regulations affecting many aspects of our present and future operations,
including, among others:
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the
provisions of the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006
to improve underground coal mine safety and emergency
preparedness;
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the
implementation of federal and state RPS;
and
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other
laws or regulations that establish or could establish standards for
greenhouse gas emissions, water quality, wastewater discharges, solid
waste and hazardous waste.
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These and
related laws, regulations and orders generally require us to obtain and comply
with a wide variety of environmental licenses, permits, inspections and other
approvals.
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Compliance
with environmental, health, safety, and other laws, regulations and other
requirements can require significant capital and operating expenditures,
including expenditures for new equipment, inspection, cleanup costs, damages
arising out of contaminated properties, and fines, penalties and injunctive
measures affecting operating assets for failure to comply with environmental
regulations. Compliance activities pursuant to regulations could be
prohibitively expensive. As a result, some facilities may be required to shut
down or alter their operations. Further, we may not be able to obtain or
maintain all required environmental regulatory approvals for our operating
assets or development projects. Delays in or active opposition by third parties
to obtaining any required environmental or regulatory permits, failure to comply
with the terms and conditions of the permits or increased regulatory or
environmental requirements may result in increased costs or prevent or delay us
from operating our facilities, developing new facilities, expanding existing
facilities or favorably locating new facilities. If we fail to comply with all
applicable environmental requirements, we may be subject to penalties, fines or
other sanctions. The costs of complying with current or new environmental,
health, safety, and other laws, regulations and other requirements could
adversely affect our financial results. Not being able to operate existing
facilities or develop new electric generating facilities to meet customer energy
needs could require us to increase our purchases of power from the wholesale
markets, which could increase market and price risks and adversely affect our
financial results. Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls
are being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to reduce so-called
“greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels,
methane (the primary component of natural gas), and methane leaks from
pipelines. These actions could result in increased costs to (i) operate and
maintain our facilities, (ii) install new emission controls on our
facilities and (iii) administer and manage any greenhouse gas emissions
program. These actions could also impact the consumption of natural gas, thereby
affecting our operations.
Further,
our current regulatory rate structure or long-term customer contracts may not
necessarily allow us to recover all costs incurred to comply with new
environmental regulations. Although we believe that, in most cases, we are
legally entitled to recover these kinds of costs, the inability to fully recover
such costs in a timely manner could adversely affect our financial
results.
Site
Cleanup and Contamination
Environmental,
health, safety, and other laws, regulations and other requirements also impose
obligations to remediate contaminated properties or to pay for the cost of such
remediation, often by parties that did not actually cause the contamination. We
are generally responsible for on-site liabilities, and in some cases off-site
liabilities, associated with the environmental condition of our assets,
including power generation facilities, and electric transmission and
distribution assets, which we have acquired or developed, regardless of when the
liabilities arose and whether they are known or unknown. In connection with
acquisitions, we may obtain or require indemnification against some
environmental liabilities. If we incur a material liability, or the other party
to a transaction fails to meet its indemnification obligations, we could suffer
material losses. We have established reserves to recognize our estimated
obligations for known remediation liabilities, but such estimates may change
materially over time. PacifiCorp is required to fund its portion of the costs of
mine reclamation at its coal mining operations, which include principally site
restoration. In addition, future events, such as changes in existing laws or
policies or their enforcement, or the discovery of currently unknown
contamination, may give rise to additional remediation liabilities that may be
material.
Inflation
and changes in commodity prices and fuel transportation costs may adversely
affect our financial results.
Inflation
affects our business through increased operating costs and increased capital
costs for plant and equipment. As a result of existing rate agreements and
competitive price pressures, we may not be able to pass the costs of inflation
on to our customers. If we are unable to manage cost increases or pass them on
to our customers, our financial results could be adversely
affected.
We are
also exposed to changes in prices and availability of coal and natural gas and
the transportation of coal and natural gas because a substantial portion of our
generation capacity utilizes these fossil fuels. We currently have contracts of
varying durations for the supply and transportation of coal for our existing
generation capacity, although we obtain some of our coal supply from mines owned
or leased by us. When these contracts expire or if they are not honored, we may
not be able to purchase or transport coal on terms as favorable as the current
contracts. We have similar exposures regarding the market price of natural gas.
Changes in the cost of coal or natural gas supply or transportation and changes
in the relationship between such costs and the market price of power will affect
our financial results. Since the sales price we receive for power may not change
at the same rate as our coal or natural gas supply or transportation costs, we
may be unable to pass on the changes in costs to our customers.
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A
significant decrease in demand for electricity in the markets served by us would
significantly decrease our operating revenues and thereby adversely affect our
business and financial results.
A
sustained decrease in demand for electricity in the markets served by us would
significantly reduce our operating revenue and adversely affect our financial
results. Factors that could lead to a decrease in market demand include, among
others:
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a
recession or other adverse economic condition that results in a lower
level of economic activity or reduced spending by consumers on
electricity;
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an
increase in the market price of electricity or a decrease in the price of
other competing forms of energy;
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efforts
by customers to reduce their consumption of energy through various
conservation and energy efficiency measures and programs;
and
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higher
fuel taxes or other governmental or regulatory actions that increase,
directly or indirectly, the cost of natural gas or the fuel source for
electricity generation or that limit the use of natural gas or the
generation of electricity from fossil
fuels.
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Our
financial results may be adversely affected if we are unable to obtain adequate,
reliable and affordable transmission service.
We depend
on transmission facilities owned and operated by other utilities to transport
electricity to both wholesale and retail markets, as well as natural gas
purchased to supply some of our electric generation facilities. If adequate
transmission is unavailable, we may be unable to purchase and sell and deliver
electricity. Such unavailability could also hinder our ability to provide
adequate or economical electricity to our wholesale and retail customers and
could adversely affect our financial results.
We
are subject to market risk, counterparty performance risk and other risks
associated with wholesale energy markets.
In
general, wholesale market risk is the risk of adverse fluctuations in the market
price of wholesale electricity and fuel, including natural gas and coal, which
is compounded by volumetric changes affecting the availability of or demand for
electricity and fuel. We purchase electricity and fuel in the open market or
pursuant to short-term or variable-priced contracts as part of our normal
operating business. If market prices rise, especially in a time when larger than
expected volumes must be purchased at market or short-term prices, we may incur
significantly greater expense than anticipated. Likewise, if electricity market
prices decline in a period when we are a net seller of electricity in the
wholesale market, we will earn less revenue.
Wholesale
electricity prices in our service areas are influenced primarily by factors
throughout the Western United States relating to supply and demand. Those
factors include the adequacy of generating capacity, scheduled and unscheduled
outages of generating facilities, hydroelectric generation levels, prices and
availability of fuel sources for generation, disruptions or constraints to
transmission facilities, weather conditions, economic growth and changes in
technology. Volumetric changes are caused by unanticipated changes in generation
availability and/or changes in customer loads due to the weather, the economy,
regulations or customer behavior. Although we plan for resources to meet our
current and expected retail and wholesale load obligations, we are a net buyer
of electricity during some peak periods and therefore our energy costs may be
adversely impacted by market risk. In addition, we may not be able to timely
recover all, if any, of those increased costs unless the state regulators
authorize such recovery.
We are
also exposed to risks related to performance of contractual obligations by our
wholesale suppliers and customers. We rely on suppliers to deliver commodities,
primarily natural gas, coal and electricity, in accordance with short- and
long-term contracts. Failure or delay by suppliers to provide these commodities
pursuant to existing contracts could disrupt our ability to deliver electricity
and require us to incur additional expenses to meet customer needs. In addition,
when these contracts terminate, we may be unable to purchase the commodities on
terms equivalent to the terms of current contracts.
32
We rely
on wholesale customers to take delivery of the energy they have committed to
purchase and to pay for the energy on a timely basis. Failure of customers to
take delivery may require us to find other customers to take the energy at lower
prices than the original customers committed to pay. At certain times of the
year, prices paid by us for energy needed to satisfy our customers’ demand for
energy may exceed the amounts we receive through rates from these customers. If
the strategy we use to minimize these risk exposures is ineffective, significant
losses could result.
Our
operating results may fluctuate on a seasonal and quarterly basis.
The sale
of electric power is generally a seasonal business. In the markets in which we
operate, customer demand peaks in the winter months due to heating requirements
and also peaks in the summer months due to irrigation and cooling needs. Extreme
weather conditions such as heat waves or winter storms could cause these
seasonal fluctuations to be more pronounced. Periods of low rainfall or
snow-pack may also impact electric generation at our generation hydroelectric
projects.
As a
result, our overall financial results may fluctuate substantially on a seasonal
and quarterly basis. We have historically sold less power, and consequently
earned less income, when weather conditions are mild. Unusually mild weather in
the future may adversely affect our financial results through lower revenues or
margins. Conversely, unusually extreme weather conditions could increase our
costs to provide power and adversely affect our financial results. Furthermore,
during or following periods of low rainfall or snow-pack, we may obtain
substantially less electricity from hydroelectric projects and must purchase
greater amounts of electricity from the wholesale market or from other sources
at market prices. The extent of fluctuation in financial results may change
depending on a number of factors related to our regulatory environment and
contractual agreements, including our ability to recover power costs and terms
of the power sale contracts.
We
are subject to operating uncertainties which may adversely affect our financial
results.
The
operation of complex electric utility (including generating, transmission and
distribution) systems involves many operating uncertainties and events that are
beyond our control. These potential events include the breakdown or failure of
power generation equipment, transmission and distribution lines or other
equipment or processes; unscheduled plant outages; work stoppages; shortage of
qualified labor; transmission and distribution system constraints or outages;
fuel shortages or interruptions; unavailability of critical equipment, material
and supplies; low water flows; performance below expected levels of output,
capacity or efficiency; operator error; and catastrophic events such as severe
storms, fires, earthquakes, explosions or mining accidents. A casualty
occurrence might result in injury or loss of life, extensive property damage or
environmental damage. Any of these risks or other operational risks could
significantly reduce or eliminate our revenues or significantly increase our
expenses. For example, if we cannot operate generation facilities at full
capacity due to damage caused by a catastrophic event, our revenues could
decrease due to decreased sales and our expenses could increase due to the need
to obtain energy from more expensive sources. Further, we self-insure many risks
and current and future insurance coverage may not be sufficient to replace lost
revenue or cover repair and replacement costs. Any reduction of revenues for
such reason, or any other reduction of our revenues or increase in our expenses
resulting from the risks described above could adversely affect our financial
results.
Potential
terrorist activities or military or other actions could adversely affect
us.
The
continued threat of terrorism since September 11, 2001 and the impact of
military and other actions by the United States and its allies may lead to
increased political, economic and financial market instability and subject our
operations to increased risk of acts of terrorism. The United States government
has issued warnings that energy assets, specifically including electric utility
infrastructure, are potential targets of terrorist organizations. Political,
economic or financial market instability or damage to our operating assets or
the assets of our customers or suppliers may result in business interruptions,
lost revenues, higher commodity prices, disruption in fuel supplies, lower
energy consumption and unstable wholesale energy markets, increased security,
repair or other costs that may materially adversely affect us in ways that
cannot be predicted at this time. Any of these risks could materially affect our
financial results. Furthermore, instability in the financial markets as a result
of terrorism or war could also materially adversely affect our ability to raise
capital.
33
The
insurance industry changed in response to these events. As a result, insurance
covering risks we typically insure against may decrease in scope and
availability, and we may elect to self-insure against many such risks. In
addition, the available insurance may have higher deductibles, higher premiums
and more restrictive policy terms.
Poor
performance of plan investments and other factors impacting pension and
postretirement benefits plan costs could unfavorably impact our cash flows and
liquidity.
Costs of
providing our non-contributory defined benefit pension and postretirement
benefits plans depend upon a number of factors, including the level and nature
of benefits provided, the rates of return on plan assets, discount rates, the
interest rates used to measure required minimum funding levels, changes in
benefit design, changes in laws and government regulation and our required or
voluntary contributions made to the plans. Our pension and postretirement
benefits plans are in underfunded positions, and without sustained growth in the
investments over time to increase the value of the plans’ assets, we will be
required to make significant cash contributions to fund the plans. Furthermore,
the recently enacted Pension Protection Act of 2006 may require us to
accelerate contributions to our pension plan in 2008 and beyond and may result
in more volatility in the amount and timing of future contributions. Such cash
funding obligations, which are also impacted by the other factors described
above, could have a material impact on our liquidity by reducing our cash
flows.
A
downgrade in our credit ratings could negatively affect our access to capital,
increase the cost of borrowing or raise energy transaction credit support
requirements.
Our debt
securities and preferred stock are rated investment grade by various rating
agencies but may not continue to be rated investment grade in the future.
Although none of our outstanding debt has rating-downgrade triggers that would
accelerate a repayment obligation, a credit rating downgrade would increase our
borrowing costs and commitment fees on our revolving credit agreements and other
financing arrangements, perhaps significantly. In addition, we would likely be
required to pay a higher interest rate in future financings, and the potential
pool of investors and funding sources would likely decrease. Further, access to
the commercial paper market, our principal source of short-term borrowings,
could be significantly limited, resulting in higher interest costs.
Most of
our large customers, suppliers and counterparties require sufficient
creditworthiness in order to enter into transactions, particularly in the
wholesale energy markets. If our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our
subsidiaries were to decline, especially below investment grade, operating costs
would likely increase because counterparties may require a letter of credit,
collateral in the form of cash-related instruments or some other security as a
condition to further transactions with us.
We
have a substantial amount of debt, which could adversely affect our ability to
obtain future financing and limit our expenditures.
As of
December 31, 2007, we had $5 billion in total debt securities
outstanding. Our principal financing agreements contain restrictive covenants
that limit our ability to borrow funds, and any issuance of debt securities
requires prior authorization from certain of our state regulatory commissions.
We expect that we will need to supplement cash generated from operations and
availability under committed credit facilities with new issuances of long-term
debt. However, if market conditions are not favorable for the issuance of
long-term debt, or if an issuance of long-term debt would exceed contractual or
regulatory limits, we may postpone planned capital expenditures, or take other
actions, to the extent those expenditures are not fully covered by cash from
operations, borrowings under committed credit facilities or equity contributions
from MEHC.
MEHC
may exercise its significant influence over us in a manner that would benefit
MEHC to the detriment of our creditors and preferred stockholders.
MEHC,
through its subsidiary, owns all of our common stock and generally has control
over the election of our directors and all decisions requiring shareholder
approval. In circumstances involving a conflict of interest between MEHC and our
creditors and preferred stockholders, MEHC could exercise its control in a
manner that would benefit MEHC to the detriment of our creditors and preferred
stockholders.
34
We
are involved in numerous legal proceedings, the outcomes of which are uncertain
and could negatively affect our financial results.
We are
parties to numerous legal proceedings. Litigation is subject to many
uncertainties, and we cannot predict the outcome of individual matters. It is
possible that the final resolution of some of the matters in which we are
involved could result in additional payments in excess of established reserves
over an extended period of time and in amounts that could have a material
adverse effect on our financial results. Similarly, it is also possible that the
terms of resolution could require that we change business practices and
procedures, which could also have a material adverse effect on our financial
results. Further, litigation could result in the imposition of financial
penalties or injunctions which could limit our ability to take certain desired
actions or the denial of needed permits, licenses or regulatory authority to
conduct our business, including the siting or permitting of facilities. Any of
these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our financial
results.
Potential
changes in accounting standards might cause us to revise our financial results
and disclosure in the future, which may change the way analysts measure our
business or financial performance.
Accounting
irregularities discovered in the past few years in various industries have
caused regulators and legislators to take a renewed look at accounting
practices, financial disclosures, companies’ relationships with their
independent auditors and retirement plan practices. Because it is still unclear
what laws or regulations will ultimately develop, we cannot predict the ultimate
impact of any future changes in accounting regulations or practices in general
with respect to public companies or the energy industry or in our operations
specifically. In addition, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”),
the FERC or the SEC could enact new or revised accounting standards or FERC
orders that might impact how we are required to record revenues, expenses,
assets and liabilities.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not
applicable.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
PacifiCorp’s
properties consist of physical assets necessary and appropriate to render
electric service in its service territories. Electric utility property consists
primarily of generation, transmission and distribution facilities and the
related rights-of-way. It is the opinion of management that the principal
depreciable properties owned by PacifiCorp are in good operating condition and
well maintained. Substantially all of PacifiCorp’s electric utility properties
are subject to the lien of PacifiCorp’s Mortgage and Deed of Trust.
Refer to Exhibit 4.1 included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. Refer
to Item 1 of this Form 10-K for additional information about
PacifiCorp’s properties.
Headquarters/Offices
PacifiCorp’s
corporate offices consist of approximately 800,000 square feet of owned and
leased office space located in several buildings in Portland, Oregon, and Salt
Lake City, Utah. PacifiCorp’s corporate headquarters are in Portland, but there
are several executives and departments located in Salt Lake City. In addition to
the corporate headquarters, PacifiCorp owns and leases approximately
1 million square feet of field office and warehouse space in various other
locations in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. The field
location square footage does not include offices located at PacifiCorp’s
generating plants.
35
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In
addition to the proceedings described below, PacifiCorp is currently party to
various items of litigation or arbitration in the normal course of business,
none of which are reasonably expected by PacifiCorp to have a material adverse
effect on its financial results.
In
December 2007, PacifiCorp was served with a complaint filed in the United
States District Court for the Northern District of California by the Klamath
Riverkeeper (a local environmental group); Leaf Hillman (a Karuk Tribe member);
Howard McConnell and Robert Attebery (Yurok Tribe members); and Blythe Reis (a
resort owner). The complaint alleges that reservoirs behind the hydroelectric
dams that PacifiCorp operates on the Klamath River provide an environment for
the growth of a blue-green algae known as microcystis aeruginosa, which
can generate a toxin called microcystin. The complaint alleges that such algae
is a “solid waste” under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
that PacifiCorp “generates” and “stores” such algae in its reservoirs, that
PacifiCorp “disposes” of such algae when it passes through the dams, and that
such “generation,” “storage” and “disposal” causes or threatens to cause an
imminent and substantial endangerment to health and the environment. The
complaint seeks a Court order declaring that PacifiCorp is violating the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, enjoining PacifiCorp from storing or
disposing of the algae, requiring PacifiCorp to “remediate all contamination of
or other damage to health or the environment” from such algae, and requiring
PacifiCorp to pay civil penalties of up to $27,500 per day per violation
from February 2001 to March 2004, and up to $32,500 per day per
violations from March 2004 and thereafter. PacifiCorp believes these claims
to be without merit and filed a motion to dismiss in December 2007. In
February 2008, a court order was issued conditionally allowing the consolidation
of the December 2007 blue-green algae case with the May 2007 blue-green algae
case described below. Subsequently, the plaintiffs filed a motion seeking
clarification of the order. The plaintiffs have until February 29, 2008 to agree
to the conditions of the order, which are to pay for certain of PacifiCorp's
costs and fees associated with any delay caused by the consolidation of the two
cases. If the plaintiffs do not agree to pay the delay costs, the December 2007
blue-green algae case will be dismissed.
In
May 2007, PacifiCorp was served with a complaint filed in the United States
District Court for the Northern District of California by Leaf Hillman and
Terance J. Supahan (Karuk Tribe members); Frankie Joe Myers, Howard McConnell
and Robert Attebery (Yurok Tribe members); Michael T. Hudson
(a commercial fisherman); Blythe Reis (a resort owner); and the
Klamath Riverkeeper (a local environmental group) alleging that toxic algae
“introduced” by PacifiCorp into Klamath hydroelectric project reservoirs is
released by PacifiCorp to the river downstream of the project, and caused or
will cause the plaintiffs physical, property, and economic harm. Plaintiffs
allege seven causes of action based on nuisance, trespass, negligence, and
unlawful business practices, all under California law. Elevated concentrations
of microcystis aeruginosa
(blue-green algae) have been identified in Klamath River hydroelectric
project reservoirs, and now farther downstream on the Klamath River. The algae
occur naturally across Oregon, California, and throughout the world. Elevated
concentrations tend to appear in areas of slack water that is relatively warm.
It has been identified for years on Klamath Lake. Plaintiffs seek unspecified
damages and injunctive relief; however, in an order filed by the court in
August 2007, the court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims for injunctive relief
based on federal preemption under the Federal Power Act. PacifiCorp denies the
allegations and is vigorously defending the case, which is currently in the
discovery phase.
In
February 2007, the Sierra Club and the Wyoming Outdoor Council filed a
compliant against PacifiCorp in the federal district court in Cheyenne, Wyoming,
alleging violations of Wyoming state opacity standards at PacifiCorp’s Jim
Bridger plant in Wyoming. Under Wyoming state requirements, which are part of
the Jim Bridger plant’s Title V permit and are enforceable by private
citizens under the federal Clean Air Act, a potential source of pollutants such
as a coal-fired generating facility must meet minimum standards for opacity,
which is a measurement of light that is obscured in the flue of a generating
facility. The complaint alleges thousands of violations of asserted six-minute
compliance periods and seeks an injunction ordering the Jim Bridger plant’s
compliance with opacity limits, civil penalties of $32,500 per day per
violation, and the plaintiffs’ costs of litigation. The court granted a motion
to bifurcate the trial into separate liability and remedy phases. A five-day
trial on the liability phase is scheduled to begin in April 2008. The
remedy-phase trial has not yet been set. The court is considering several
summary judgment motions filed by the parties, but has not yet ruled on any of
them. PacifiCorp believes it has a number of defenses to the claims. PacifiCorp
intends to vigorously oppose the lawsuit but cannot predict its outcome at this
time. PacifiCorp has already committed to invest at least $812 million in
pollution control equipment at its generating facilities, including the Jim
Bridger plant. This commitment is expected to significantly reduce system-wide
emissions, including emissions at the Jim Bridger plant.
36
In
October 2005, PacifiCorp was added as a defendant to a lawsuit originally
filed in February 2005 in state district court in Salt Lake City, Utah by
USA Power, LLC and its affiliated companies,
USA Power Partners, LLC and Spring Canyon, LLC
(collectively, “USA Power”), against Utah attorney
Jody L. Williams and the law firm
Holme, Roberts & Owen, LLP, who represent PacifiCorp on
various matters from time to time. USA Power is the developer of a planned
generation project in Mona, Utah called Spring Canyon, which
PacifiCorp, as part of its resource procurement process, at one time considered
as an alternative to the Currant Creek plant. USA Power’s complaint alleged
that PacifiCorp misappropriated confidential proprietary information in
violation of Utah’s Uniform Trade Secrets Act and accused PacifiCorp of breach
of contract and related claims. USA Power seeks $250 million in
damages, statutory doubling of damages for its trade secrets violation claim,
punitive damages, costs and attorneys’ fees. After considering various motions
for summary judgment, the court ruled in October 2007 in favor of
PacifiCorp on all counts and dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims in their entirety.
Plaintiffs are expected to appeal this decision and PacifiCorp believes that its
defenses that prevailed in the trial court will prevail on appeal. Furthermore,
PacifiCorp expects that the outcome of any appeal will not have a material
impact on its consolidated financial results.
In
May 2004, PacifiCorp was served with a complaint filed in the United States
District Court for the District of Oregon by the Klamath Tribes of Oregon,
individual Klamath Tribal members and the Klamath Claims Committee. The
complaint generally alleges that PacifiCorp and its predecessors affected the
Klamath Tribes’ federal treaty rights to fish for salmon in the headwaters of
the Klamath River in southern Oregon by building dams that blocked the passage
of salmon upstream to the headwaters beginning in 1911. In September 2004,
the Klamath Tribes filed their first amended complaint adding claims of damage
to their treaty rights to fish for sucker and steelhead in the headwaters of the
Klamath River. The complaint seeks in excess of $1.0 billion in
compensatory and punitive damages. In July 2005, the District Court
dismissed the case and in September 2005 denied the Klamath Tribes’ request
to reconsider the dismissal. In October 2005, the Klamath Tribes appealed
the District Court’s decision to the Ninth Circuit and briefing was completed in
March 2006. In February 2008, the Ninth Circuit held oral argument on
the briefs. PacifiCorp believes the outcome of this proceeding will not have a
material impact on its consolidated financial results.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF
SECURITY HOLDERS
Not
applicable.
37
PART
II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON
EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
|
MEHC
indirectly owns all of the shares of PacifiCorp’s outstanding common stock.
Therefore, there is no public market for PacifiCorp’s common stock. PacifiCorp
did not pay dividends on common stock during the year ended December 31,
2007 or during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
PacifiCorp does not expect to declare or pay dividends on common stock during
the year ending December 31, 2008.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp received capital contributions
of $200 million in cash from its direct parent company, PPW Holdings
LLC.
For a
discussion of contractual and regulatory restrictions that limit PacifiCorp’s
ability to pay dividends on common stock, refer to Note 12 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The
following table sets forth PacifiCorp’s selected consolidated historical
financial data, which should be read in conjunction with Item 7 of this
Form 10-K and with PacifiCorp’s historical Consolidated Financial
Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The
selected consolidated historical financial data has been derived from
PacifiCorp’s audited historical Consolidated Financial Statements and notes
thereto (in millions). In May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors
elected to change PacifiCorp’s fiscal year-end from March 31 to
December 31.
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Years
Ended
|
||||||||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||||||||||
Statement
of Income Data:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues
|
$ | 4,258 | $ | 2,924 | $ | 3,897 | $ | 3,049 | $ | 3,195 | ||||||||||
Income
from operations
|
888 | 415 | 792 | 656 | 618 | |||||||||||||||
Net
income
|
439 | 161 | 361 | 252 | 248 |
As
of December 31,
|
As
of March 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2005
|
2004
|
||||||||||||||||
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 14,907 | $ | 13,852 | $ | 12,731 | $ | 12,521 | $ | 11,677 | ||||||||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations, excluding current
maturities
|
4,753 | 3,967 | 3,721 | 3,629 | 3,520 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock subject to mandatory redemption, excluding current
maturities
|
- | - | 41 | 49 | 56 | |||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | |||||||||||||||
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
5,080 | 4,426 | 4,052 | 3,377 | 3,320 |
38
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
|
The
following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors
that have affected the financial condition and results of operations of
PacifiCorp during the periods included herein. Explanations include management’s
best estimate of the impacts of weather, customer growth and other factors. This
discussion should be read in conjunction with Item 6 of this Form 10-K and
with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K. PacifiCorp’s actual results in the future
could differ significantly from the historical results.
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
As a
result of PacifiCorp’s election to change its fiscal year from March 31 to
December 31, the audited periods presented in the Consolidated Statements
of Income include the year ended December 31, 2007, the nine-month
transition period ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended March 31,
2006. To facilitate a better understanding of PacifiCorp’s results of operations
and business trends, the following discussion is based on the comparison of the
audited year ended December 31, 2007 to the unaudited year ended
December 31, 2006. Financial information for the year ended
December 31, 2006 is derived from PacifiCorp’s audited consolidated
financial statements for the nine-month transition period ended
December 31, 2006 and PacifiCorp’s unaudited consolidated financial
statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2006.
Overview
PacifiCorp’s
net income was $439 million for the year ended December 31, 2007
compared to $308 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The
$131 million increase in net income was primarily due to higher retail
revenues and higher net wholesale sales and purchases, partially offset by
higher fuel costs.
Retail
revenues increased due to higher retail prices approved by regulators, as well
as continued growth in the number of retail customers and usage. Net margin on
wholesale activities increased primarily due to higher average prices on
wholesale sales and lower purchased electricity volumes. PacifiCorp’s financial
results were further improved by higher output at PacifiCorp’s thermal plants
serving higher retail load. These improvements were partially offset by
increased natural gas consumed at PacifiCorp’s natural gas-fired generation
plants, primarily due to higher output at the Currant Creek plant and the
addition of the 548-MW Lake Side plant that was placed into service in
September 2007; higher prices of coal, natural gas and purchased
electricity; and lower hydroelectric generation.
Retail
energy sales volumes grew by 3% during the year ended December 31, 2007
compared to the year ended December 31, 2006. PacifiCorp’s number of retail
customers has been increasing by approximately 2% annually over the past five
years. This customer growth trend is expected to continue for the foreseeable
future. Increased customer usage, which also contributed to the higher volumes,
is generally affected by economic and weather conditions, consumer trends and
energy savings programs.
Output
from PacifiCorp’s thermal plants increased by 5,022,219 MWh, or 10%, during
the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended
December 31, 2006. Output from PacifiCorp-owned hydroelectric facilities
during the year ended December 31, 2007 decreased by 872,509 MWh, or
19%, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was
primarily attributable to current-period water flow conditions that were less
favorable compared to the prior-year period. PacifiCorp’s hydroelectric
generation was 90% of normal for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared
to 111% of normal for the year ended December 31, 2006, based on a 30-year
average.
39
Year
Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31,
2006
Revenues
(dollars in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
|
$ | 3,251 | $ | 2,959 | $ | 292 | 10 | % | ||||||||
Wholesale
sales and other
|
1,007 | 1,195 | (188 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
revenues
|
$ | 4,258 | $ | 4,154 | $ | 104 | 3 | |||||||||
Retail
energy sales (GWh)
|
53,390 | 51,797 | 1,593 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Wholesale
energy sales (GWh)
|
13,724 | 13,657 | 67 | - | ||||||||||||
Average
retail customers (in thousands)
|
1,684 | 1,649 | 35 | 2 |
Retail revenues increased
$292 million, or 10%, primarily due to:
·
|
$187 million
of increases from higher prices approved by
regulators;
|
·
|
$54 million
of increases due to higher average customer usage, primarily as a result
of weather conditions; and
|
·
|
$53 million
of increases related to growth in the number of residential and commercial
customers, primarily in Utah and
Oregon.
|
Wholesale sales and other
revenues decreased $188 million, or 16%, primarily due
to:
·
|
$313 million
of decreases due to changes in the fair value of derivative contracts;
partially offset by,
|
·
|
$126
million of increases due to higher average prices on wholesale electric
sales and higher margins on non-physically settled system-balancing
transactions.
|
Operating
Expenses (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
$ | 1,768 | $ | 1,845 | $ | 77 | 4 | % | ||||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
1,004 | 1,054 | 50 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
497 | 468 | (29 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
101 | 101 | - | - | ||||||||||||
Total
operating expenses
|
$ | 3,370 | $ | 3,468 | $ | 98 | 3 |
Energy costs decreased
$77 million, or 4%, primarily due to:
·
|
$364 million
of decreases due to changes in the fair value of derivative
contracts;
|
·
|
$25 million
of decreases primarily due to the deferral of incurred power costs in
accordance with established adjustment mechanisms;
and
|
·
|
$13 million
of decreases due to the prior period loss on the streamflow weather
derivative contract; partially offset
by,
|
·
|
$208 million
of increases due to higher volumes of natural gas consumed as a result of
an increase in thermal generation and higher average
prices;
|
40
·
|
$79 million
of increases in the cost of coal consumed substantially due to higher
average prices;
|
·
|
$24 million
of increases in purchased electricity due to higher average prices,
substantially offset by lower volumes;
and
|
·
|
$13 million
of increases related to higher wheeling expenses driven by new
agreements.
|
Operations and maintenance expense
decreased $50 million, or 5%, primarily due to:
·
|
$36 million
of decreases in employee severance
costs;
|
·
|
$27 million
of decreases in employee expenses, substantially due to reduced workforce;
and
|
·
|
$10 million
of decreases due to the assessment of penalties related to compliance with
the FERC standards of conduct for transmission in the prior period;
partially offset by
|
·
|
$28 million
of increases in maintenance costs and related contracts, primarily
associated with generation plant
overhauls.
|
Depreciation and amortization
expense increased $29 million, or 6%, primarily due to increases in
production plant assets placed into service during the year ended
December 31, 2007.
Interest
and Other Expense (Income) (in millions)
Years
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
$ | 314 | $ | 284 | $ | (30 | ) | (11 | )% | |||||||
Interest
income
|
(15 | ) | (8 | ) | 7 | 88 | ||||||||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
(29 | ) | (23 | ) | 6 | 26 | ||||||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
(41 | ) | (23 | ) | 18 | 78 | ||||||||||
Other
|
- | (8 | ) | (8 | ) | (100 | ) | |||||||||
Total
|
$ | 229 | $ | 222 | $ | (7 | ) | (3 | ) |
Interest expense increased
$30 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher average debt outstanding
during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Allowance for borrowed and equity
funds increased $24 million, or 52%, primarily due to applying
higher prescribed allowance for funds used during construction rates to higher
qualified Construction work-in-progress balances during the year ended
December 31, 2007.
Income
Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased
$64 million, or 41%, during the year ended December 31, 2007 to
$220 million compared to $156 million during the year ended
December 31, 2006, primarily due to higher pre-tax earnings. The effective
tax rates were 33% and 34% for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
41
Nine-Month
Period Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Nine-Month Period Ended
December 31, 2005
Consistent
with management's discussion and analysis included in PacifiCorp's Transition
Report on Form 10-K for the transition period from April 1, 2006 to
December 31, 2006, the following discussion is based on the comparison of
the audited nine-month period ended December 31, 2006 to the unaudited
nine-month period ended December 31, 2005.
Revenues
(dollars in millions)
Nine-Month
Periods
|
||||||||||||||||
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Retail
|
$ | 2,245 | $ | 2,095 | $ | 150 | 7 | % | ||||||||
Wholesale
sales and other
|
679 | 572 | 107 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Total
revenues
|
$ | 2,924 | $ | 2,667 | $ | 257 | 10 | |||||||||
Retail
energy sales (GWh)
|
39,029 | 37,344 | 1,685 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Wholesale
energy sales (GWh)
|
10,284 | 9,906 | 378 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Average
retail customers (in thousands)
|
1,653 | 1,617 | 36 | 2 |
Retail revenues increased
$150 million, or 7%, primarily due to:
·
|
$62 million
of increases due to higher average customer
usage;
|
·
|
$60 million
of increases from higher prices approved by regulators;
and
|
·
|
$36 million
of increases related to growth in the number of residential and commercial
customers; partially offset by,
|
·
|
$8 million
of decreases due to changes in price mix, resulting from the levels of
customer usage at different customer tariffs in the various states that
PacifiCorp serves.
|
Wholesale sales and other
revenues increased $107 million, or 19%, primarily due
to:
·
|
$83 million
of increases due to changes in the fair value of derivative contracts;
and
|
·
|
$67 million
of increases substantially due to higher margins on non-physically settled
system-balancing transactions and higher wholesale electric sales volumes,
partially offset by decreases resulting from lower average prices on
wholesale electric sales; partially offset
by,
|
·
|
$14 million
of decreases resulting from lower sales of sulfur dioxide emission
allowances in the current period;
and
|
·
|
$9 million
of decreases due to settlements in the prior period of amounts previously
disputed with third parties.
|
42
Operating
Expenses (in millions)
Nine-Month
Periods
|
||||||||||||||||
Ended December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
$ | 1,297 | $ | 997 | $ | (300 | ) | (30 | )% | |||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
780 | 741 | (39 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
355 | 336 | (19 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
77 | 72 | (5 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||||
Total
operating expenses
|
$ | 2,509 | $ | 2,146 | $ | (363 | ) | (17 | ) |
Energy costs increased
$300 million, or 30%, primarily due to:
·
|
$226 million
of increases due to changes in the fair value of derivative
contracts;
|
·
|
$74 million
of increases related to higher volumes of natural gas consumed due to an
increase in thermal generation, as well as higher average
prices;
|
·
|
$8 million
of increases related to higher average prices for coal consumed, partially
offset by lower volumes; and
|
·
|
$6 million
of increases related to higher wheeling expenses, primarily due to rate
increases; partially offset by,
|
·
|
$11 million
of decreases in purchased electricity due to lower average prices,
partially offset by higher volumes;
and
|
·
|
$3 million
of decreases related to changes in the fair value of a streamflow weather
derivative contract that expired in
September 2006.
|
Operations and maintenance expense
increased $39 million, or 5%, primarily due to:
·
|
$26 million
of increases in employee severance
costs;
|
·
|
$25 million
of increases in third-party contract and service fees, including the
impact of plant overhauls and vegetation management
programs;
|
·
|
$8 million
of increases in pension and other postretirement benefit costs;
and
|
·
|
$6 million
of increases resulting from the final assessment of penalties related to
compliance with the FERC standards of conduct for transmission; partially
offset by,
|
·
|
$17 million
of decreases in annual incentive
expenses;
|
·
|
$5 million
of decreases in services rendered by MEHC in the current year compared to
ScottishPower in the prior year;
and
|
·
|
$4 million
of decreases resulting from the March 2006 amendment to the terms of
a generating plant operating lease.
|
Depreciation and amortization
expense increased $19 million, or 6%, primarily due to higher
plant-in-service during the nine-month period ended December 31,
2006.
43
Interest
and Other Expense (Income) (in millions)
Nine-Month
Periods
|
||||||||||||||||
Ended
December 31,
|
Favorable/(Unfavorable)
|
|||||||||||||||
2006
|
2005
|
$
Change
|
%
Change
|
|||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
$ | 215 | $ | 211 | $ | (4 | ) | (2 | )% | |||||||
Interest
income
|
(6 | ) | (7 | ) | (1 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
(18 | ) | (14 | ) | 4 | 29 | ||||||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
(17 | ) | (8 | ) | 9 | 113 | ||||||||||
Other
|
(6 | ) | (4 | ) | 2 | 50 | ||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 168 | $ | 178 | $ | 10 | 6 |
Interest expense increased
$4 million, or 2%, primarily due to higher variable rates during the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
Allowance for borrowed and equity
funds increased $13 million, or 59%, primarily due to applying
higher prescribed allowance for funds used during construction rates to higher
qualified Construction work-in-progress balances during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006.
Income
Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased
$43 million, or 33%, during the nine-month period ended December 31,
2006 to $86 million compared to $129 million during the nine-month
period ended December 31, 2005, primarily due to lower pre-tax earnings and
tax benefits recognized from the resolution of certain matters previously
outstanding with the Internal Revenue Service, partially offset by the tax
effect of the regulatory treatment of book-tax differences. The effective tax
rates were 35% and 38% for the nine-month periods ended December 31, 2006
and 2005, respectively.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As a
result of PacifiCorp’s election to change its fiscal year from March 31 to
December 31, the audited periods presented on the Consolidated Statements
of Income include the year ended December 31, 2007, the nine-month
transition period ended December 31, 2006 and the year ended March 31,
2006. To facilitate a better understanding of PacifiCorp’s results of operations
and business trends, certain portions of the following discussion are based on
the comparison of the audited year ended December 31, 2007 to the unaudited
year ended December 31, 2006 and the audited nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 to the unaudited nine-month period ended
December 31, 2005.
Financial
information for the year ended December 31, 2006 is derived from
PacifiCorp’s audited consolidated financial statements for the nine-month
transition period ended December 31, 2006 and PacifiCorp’s unaudited
consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended
March 31, 2006.
Sources
and Uses of Cash
PacifiCorp
depends on both internal and external sources of liquidity to provide working
capital and to fund capital requirements. To the extent funds are not available
to support capital expenditures, projects may be delayed and operating income
may be reduced. Short-term cash requirements not met by cash provided by
operating activities are generally satisfied with proceeds from short-term
borrowings. Long-term cash needs are met through long-term debt issuances and
through cash capital contributions from PacifiCorp’s direct parent company,
PPW Holdings LLC. PacifiCorp expects it will need additional periodic
cash capital contributions from its parent company over the next several years.
Issuance of long-term securities is influenced by levels of short-term debt,
cash flows provided by operating activities, capital expenditures, market
conditions, regulatory approvals and other considerations.
44
Operating
Activities
Net cash
flows provided by operating activities increased $72 million to
$824 million during the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to
$752 million during the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily due to
higher retail revenues and higher net wholesale sales and purchases, partially
offset by the timing of payments and cash collections and higher fuel
costs.
Net cash
flows provided by operating activities decreased $142 million to
$431 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006
compared to $573 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2005, primarily due to increased employee-related payments,
benefits in net cash collateral requirements realized in the comparative period
and the net impact of the timing of cash collections and payments, partially
offset by higher retail revenues.
Investing
Activities
Net cash
used in investing activities increased $105 million to $1,497 million
during the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1,392 million
during the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily due to higher capital
expenditures. Capital expenditures totaled $1,519 million during the year
ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1,384 million during the year
ended December 31, 2006. Capital spending increased primarily due to wind
plant investments of $575 million, including the completion of the 140-MW
(nameplate rating) Marengo wind plant and additional investments for the Goodnoe
Hills, Marengo expansion, Glenrock, Rolling Hills and Seven Mile Hill wind
plants. Additional increases resulted from the construction of various capital
projects related to transmission, distribution and other generation facilities.
These increases were partially offset by decreases in expenditures as compared
to the previous year for the construction of the 548-MW Lake Side plant, which
commenced full combined-cycle operation in September 2007.
Net cash
used in investing activities increased $367 million to $1,056 million
during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, compared to
$689 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2005,
primarily due to higher capital expenditures. Capital expenditures totaled
$1,051 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006,
compared to $716 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2005. Capital spending increased primarily due to wind plant
investments of $269 million, including the purchase of the 101-MW Leaning
Juniper 1 wind plant, which was placed into service in September 2006,
and the initial investment in the 140-MW (nameplate rating) Marengo wind plant.
Other increases resulted from the construction and installation of emission
control equipment and various capital projects related to transmission and
distribution and other generation facilities. These increases were partially
offset by decreases in expenditures for the construction of the Currant Creek
plant, which commenced full combined-cycle operation in March 2006, and
expenditures for the construction of the 548-MW Lake Side plant, which were
lower than the previous year.
Financing
Activities
Short-Term
Debt
Regulatory
authorities limit PacifiCorp to $1.5 billion of short-term debt. PacifiCorp
had no short-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2007, a decrease of
$397 million compared to December 31, 2006. The decrease in short-term
debt was primarily due to the proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt and
the capital contributions received during the year, partially offset by capital
expenditures and maturities of long-term securities in excess of net cash
provided by operating activities.
PacifiCorp’s
short-term debt increased by $213 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006 to $397 million of commercial paper
arrangements, primarily due to capital expenditures and scheduled long-term debt
maturities in excess of net cash provided by operating activities, partially
offset by the proceeds received from capital contributions and the long-term
debt issuance during the period, as well as from the utilization of short-term
investments included in Cash and cash equivalents.
45
Revolving
Credit and Other Financing Agreements
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $1.5 billion available under its
unsecured revolving credit facilities. During the year ended December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with total
bank commitments of $700 million available through October 23, 2012.
Under PacifiCorp’s previously existing unsecured revolving credit facility,
$800 million is available through July 6, 2011 and $760 million
is available from July 7, 2011 through July 6, 2012. The bank facilities
support PacifiCorp’s commercial paper program and include a variable interest
rate borrowing option based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus
a margin that is currently 0.195%, and varies based on PacifiCorp’s credit
ratings for its senior unsecured long-term debt securities. At December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp did not have any borrowings outstanding under either credit
facility.
In
addition to these committed bank facilities, PacifiCorp had $214 million in
money market accounts included in Cash and cash equivalents at December 31,
2007, available to meet its liquidity needs, as well as provide for future
capital expenditures and contractual obligations. Refer to “Future Uses of Cash”
below.
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $518 million of standby letters of
credit and standby bond purchase agreements available to provide credit
enhancement and liquidity support for variable-rate pollution-control revenue
bond obligations. These committed bank arrangements were fully available at
December 31, 2007 and expire periodically through
May 2012.
In
addition, at December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had approximately
$18 million of standby letters of credit available to provide credit
support for certain transactions as requested by third parties. These committed
bank arrangements were all fully available at December 31, 2007 and have
provisions that automatically extend the annual expiration dates for an
additional year unless the issuing bank elects not to renew a letter of credit
prior to the expiration date.
PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit and other financing agreements contain customary covenants and
default provisions, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1.0. At December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp was in compliance with the covenants of its revolving credit
and other financing agreements.
Long-Term
Debt
In
addition to the debt issuances discussed herein, PacifiCorp made scheduled
repayments on long-term debt totaling $126 million during the year ended
December 31, 2007, $211 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and $270 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of
its 5.75% First Mortgage Bonds due April 1, 2037 and $600 million of
its 6.25% First Mortgage Bonds due October 15, 2037.
During
the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp issued
$350 million of its 6.10% Series of First Mortgage Bonds due August 1,
2036.
During
the year ended March 31, 2006, PacifiCorp issued $300 million of its
5.25% Series of First Mortgage Bonds due June 15, 2035.
PacifiCorp’s
Mortgage and Deed of Trust creates a lien on most of PacifiCorp’s electric
utility property, allowing the issuance of bonds based on a percentage of
utility property additions, bond credits arising from retirement of previously
outstanding bonds and/or deposits of cash. The amount of bonds that PacifiCorp
may issue generally is also subject to a net earnings test. At December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp estimated it would be able to issue up to $5.3 billion of
new first mortgage bonds under the most restrictive issuance test in the
mortgage. Any issuances would be subject to market conditions and amounts may be
further limited by regulatory authorizations or commitments or by covenants and
tests contained in other financing agreements. PacifiCorp also has the ability
to release property from the lien of the mortgage on the basis of property
additions, bond credits and/or deposits of cash. Refer to “Limitations”
below.
In
January 2008, PacifiCorp received regulatory authority from the OPUC and the
IPUC to issue up to an additional $2.0 billion of long-term debt.
PacifiCorp must make a notice filing with the WUTC prior to any future issuance.
Also in January 2008, PacifiCorp filed a shelf registration statement with
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) covering
future first mortgage bond issuances.
46
Preferred
Stock Redemptions
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp redeemed 375,000 shares
totaling $38 million of its $7.48 No Par Serial Preferred Stock
Series, representing the remaining outstanding shares of Preferred stock subject
to mandatory redemption.
PacifiCorp
redeemed 75,000 shares totaling $8 million of Preferred stock subject
to mandatory and optional redemption during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and during the year ended March 31,
2006.
Common
Shareholder’s Capital
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp received capital contributions
of $200 million in cash from its direct parent company,
PPW Holdings LLC.
During
the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp received capital
contributions of $215 million in cash from its direct parent company,
PPW Holdings LLC.
During
the year ended March 31, 2006, PacifiCorp issued 44,884,826 shares of
common stock to PHI, its former parent company, at a total price of
$485 million.
Common
Dividends
During
the year ended March 31, 2006, PacifiCorp declared and paid common
dividends totaling $175 million to PHI, its former parent
company.
Capitalization
PacifiCorp
manages its capitalization and liquidity position with a key objective of
retaining existing credit ratings, which is expected to facilitate continuing
access to flexible borrowing arrangements at favorable costs and rates. This
objective, subject to periodic review and revision, attempts to balance the
interests of all shareholders, customers and creditors and provide a competitive
cost of capital and predictable capital market access.
As a
result of accounting standards, such as FASB Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable-Interest
Entities, an interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51
(“FIN 46R”), and
Emerging Issues Task Force No. 01-08, Determining Whether an Arrangement
Is a Lease, it is possible that new purchase power and gas agreements,
transmission arrangements or amendments to existing arrangements may be
accounted for as capital lease obligations or debt on PacifiCorp’s financial
statements. While PacifiCorp has successfully amended covenants in financing
arrangements that may be impacted by these changes, it may be more difficult for
PacifiCorp to comply with its capitalization targets or regulatory commitments
concerning minimum levels of common equity as a percentage of capitalization.
This may lead PacifiCorp to seek amendments or waivers from regulators, delay or
reduce dividends or spending programs, seek additional new equity contributions
from its direct parent company, PPW Holdings LLC, or take other
actions.
Future
Uses of Cash
Capital
Expenditures Program
Fiscal
year 2007
Actual
capital expenditures, excluding the non-cash allowance for equity funds used
during construction, were $1,519 million during the year ended
December 31, 2007, $1,051 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and $1,049 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006.
47
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, capital expenditures for generation
development and related transmission projects, excluding the non-cash allowance
for equity funds used during construction, totaled $681 million. These
expenditures were substantially driven by the development of PacifiCorp’s wind
plant portfolio and included costs incurred for the 140-MW (nameplate rating)
Marengo wind plant that was placed into service in August 2007, as well as
construction costs for the 94-MW Goodnoe Hills, 70-MW Marengo expansion, 99-MW
Glenrock, 99-MW Rolling Hills and 99-MW Seven Mile Hill wind
plants.
Also
included in capital expenditures for generation development and related
transmission projects was the remaining cost to complete the 548-MW
Lake Side plant, which was placed into service in September 2007, as
well as upgrades of other generation plant equipment. As of December 31,
2007, $326 million, excluding $17 million of non-cash allowance for
equity funds used during construction, had been incurred for the Lake Side
plant. The Lake Side plant is 100% owned and operated by
PacifiCorp.
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, capital expenditures for emissions
control equipment, excluding the non-cash allowance for equity funds used during
construction, totaled $110 million and included the installation of
emissions control equipment at the Huntington and Cholla
plants.
The
remaining $728 million in capital expenditures during the year ended
December 31, 2007 related to ongoing operation projects, including new
connections related to customer growth, transmission investments in new and
upgraded lines and substations, and generation plant overhauls.
Fiscal
years 2008 through 2017
PacifiCorp
estimates that it will spend approximately $20 billion on capital projects
over the next ten years, excluding non-cash allowance for equity funds used
during construction. These capital projects include new generation resources,
including renewables; installation of emissions control equipment on existing
generation plants; transmission investments; and distribution investments in new
connections, lines and substations. Capital projects for emissions control
equipment are expected to help achieve the commitments agreed to by PacifiCorp
and MEHC as described in “Environmental Matters” in Item 1 of this
Form 10-K. Capital projects for transmission include PacifiCorp’s plans to
invest an estimated $4.1 billion to build in excess of 1,200 miles of
new high-voltage transmission lines primarily in Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Oregon
and the desert Southwest. These transmission lines are expected to be placed
into service beginning 2010 and continuing through 2014. Also included
in the above estimate is PacifiCorp’s commitment for transmission and
distribution investments resulting from the sale of PacifiCorp to MEHC. For
further discussion of transmission and distribution investments, refer to
“Transmission and Distribution” in Item 1 of this
Form 10-K.
Estimated
capital expenditures for the year ending December 31, 2008 are expected to
be approximately $2.0 billion, excluding non-cash allowance for equity
funds used during construction, and include $845 million for ongoing
operations projects, including new connections related to customer growth and
generation plant overhauls; $656 million for generation development and the
related transmission projects; $283 million for transmission system
expansion and upgrades; and $212 million for emission control equipment for
existing generation plants to address current and anticipated air quality
regulations.
The
capital expenditure estimate for generation development projects provided above
for the year ended December 31, 2008, includes the remaining construction
costs for the development of the 94-MW Goodnoe Hills, 70-MW Marengo expansion,
99-MW Glenrock, 99-MW Rolling Hills and 99-MW Seven Mile Hill wind plant
projects expected to be placed into service through December 31, 2008.
Evaluation and development efforts are in progress related to additional
prospective wind plants scheduled for completion in 2008, 2009 and
beyond.
The
capital expenditure estimate for transmission system expansion and upgrades for
the year ended December 31, 2008 includes $218 million for the
construction of a 127-mile, double-circuit, 345-kilovolt transmission line to be
built between the Populus substation located in southern Idaho and the Terminal
substation located in Utah. This line will be constructed in the Path C
Transmission corridor, a primary transmission corridor in PacifiCorp’s balancing
authority area. PacifiCorp expects to complete construction of this line
in 2010.
48
The
capital expenditure estimate for emissions control equipment projects includes
equipment to meet anticipated air quality and visibility targets and the
reduction of sulfur dioxide emission. Capital expenditures to complete the
installation of emissions control equipment at the Cholla plant are estimated to
be $46 million during the year ending December 31, 2008. Additionally,
the replacement of an existing sulfur dioxide scrubber on Unit 4 and the
addition of a new scrubber on Unit 3 of the Dave Johnston plant will begin
in 2008 and is expected to be completed in 2012. Estimated capital
expenditures for this project during the year ended December 31, 2008 are
$102 million.
The
estimates and projects described above are subject to a high degree of
variability based on several factors, including, among others highlighted in
“Forward-Looking Statements” herein and discussed below, changes in regulations,
laws, the economy and market conditions, as well as the outcomes of rate-making
proceedings. Future decisions arising from the IRP process described in
Item 1 of this Form 10-K may impact the future estimated capital
expenditures. Additionally, capital expenditure needs are regularly reviewed by
management and may change significantly as a result of such
reviews.
In
funding its capital expenditure program, PacifiCorp expects to obtain funds
required for construction and other purposes from sources similar to those used
in the past, including operating cash flows, the issuance of new long-term debt
and equity contributions from PacifiCorp’s direct parent company,
PPW Holdings LLC. The availability of capital will influence actual
expenditures.
Credit
Ratings
PacifiCorp’s
credit ratings at January 31, 2008, were as follows:
Moody’s
|
Standard
& Poor’s
|
||
Issuer/Corporate
|
Baa1
|
A-
|
|
Senior secured debt
|
A3
|
A-
|
|
Senior unsecured debt
|
Baa1
|
BBB+
|
|
Preferred stock
|
Baa3
|
BBB
|
|
Commercial paper
|
P-2
|
A-1
|
|
Outlook
|
Stable
|
Stable
|
|
PacifiCorp
has no rating-downgrade triggers that would accelerate the maturity dates of its
debt. A change in ratings is not an event of default, nor is the maintenance of
a specific minimum level of credit rating a condition to drawing upon
PacifiCorp’s credit agreements. However, interest rates on loans under the
revolving credit agreements and commitment fees are tied to credit ratings and
would increase or decrease when ratings are changed. A rating downgrade may
reduce the accessibility and increase the cost of PacifiCorp’s commercial paper
program, its principal source of short-term borrowing, and may result in the
requirement that PacifiCorp post collateral under certain of PacifiCorp’s power
purchase and other agreements. Certain authorizations or exemptions by
regulatory commissions for the issuance of securities are valid as long as
PacifiCorp maintains investment-grade ratings on senior secured debt. A
downgrade below that level would necessitate new regulatory applications and
approvals.
In
conjunction with its risk management activities, PacifiCorp must meet credit
quality standards as required by counterparties. In accordance with industry
practice, contractual agreements that govern PacifiCorp’s energy management
activities either specifically provide bilateral rights to demand cash or other
security if credit exposures on a net basis exceed
certain ratings-dependent threshold levels, or provide the right for
counterparties to demand “adequate assurances” in the event of a material
adverse change in PacifiCorp’s creditworthiness. If one or more of PacifiCorp’s
credit ratings decline below investment grade, PacifiCorp would be required to
post cash collateral, letters of credit or other similar credit support to
facilitate ongoing wholesale energy management activities. If PacifiCorp’s
unsecured ratings fell more than one rating below investment grade,
PacifiCorp’s estimated potential collateral requirements as of December 31,
2007 would have totaled approximately $412 million. PacifiCorp’s potential
collateral requirements could fluctuate considerably due to seasonality, market
prices and their volatility, a loss of key PacifiCorp generating facilities
or other related factors.
49
Limitations
In
addition to PacifiCorp’s capital structure objectives, its debt capacity is also
governed by its contractual and regulatory commitments.
PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit and other financing agreements contain customary covenants and
default provisions, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1. Management believes that
PacifiCorp could have borrowed an additional $4.3 billion at
December 31, 2007 without exceeding this threshold. Any additional
borrowings would be subject to market conditions and amounts may be further
limited by regulatory authorizations or by covenants and tests contained in
other financing agreements.
The state
regulatory orders that authorized the acquisition by MEHC contain restrictions
on PacifiCorp’s ability to pay common dividends to the extent that they would
reduce PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below specified percentages of defined
capitalization.
As of
December 31, 2007, the most restrictive of these commitments prohibits
PacifiCorp from making any distribution to PPW Holdings LLC or MEHC
without prior state regulatory approval to the extent that it would reduce
PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below 48.25% of its total capitalization,
excluding short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt. After
December 31, 2008, this minimum level of common equity declines annually to
44% after December 31, 2011. The terms of this commitment treat 50% of
PacifiCorp’s remaining balance of preferred stock in existence prior to the
acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC as common equity. As of December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp’s actual common stock equity percentage, as calculated under
this measure, exceeded the minimum threshold.
These
commitments also restrict PacifiCorp from making any distributions to either
PPW Holdings LLC or MEHC if PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt rating is BBB-
or lower by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services or
Fitch Ratings or Baa3 or lower by Moody’s Investor Service, as indicated by
two of the three rating services. At December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s
unsecured debt rating was BBB+ by Standard & Poor’s Rating
Services and Fitch Ratings and Baa1 by Moody’s Investor
Service.
Obligations
and Commitments
Contractual
Obligations
The table
below shows PacifiCorp’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2007
(in millions).
Payments Due During the Years Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2009-2010 | 2011-2012 |
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||
Long-term
debt, including interest:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed-rate
obligations
|
$ | 693 | $ | 671 | $ | 1,067 | $ | 7,224 | $ | 9,655 | ||||||||||
Variable-rate
obligations (a)
|
20 | 39 | 39 | 677 | 775 | |||||||||||||||
Capital
leases, including interest
|
7 | 14 | 14 | 85 | 120 | |||||||||||||||
Operating
leases (b)
|
9 | 8 | 6 | 35 | 58 | |||||||||||||||
Asset
retirement obligations (c)
|
30 | 75 | 19 | 426 | 550 | |||||||||||||||
Power
purchase agreements: (d)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Electricity
commodity contracts
|
549 | 551 | 138 | 516 | 1,754 | |||||||||||||||
Electricity
capacity contracts
|
160 | 310 | 264 | 1,131 | 1,865 | |||||||||||||||
Electricity
mixed contracts
|
25 | 40 | 36 | 227 | 328 | |||||||||||||||
Transmission
|
61 | 124 | 101 | 404 | 690 | |||||||||||||||
Fuel
purchase agreements: (d)
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Natural
gas supply and transportation
|
349 | 507 | 195 | 146 | 1,197 | |||||||||||||||
Coal
supply and transportation
|
258 | 469 | 199 | 958 | 1,884 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase
obligations (e)
|
386 | 64 | 26 | 51 | 527 | |||||||||||||||
Owned
hydroelectric commitments (f)
|
39 | 109 | 126 | 538 | 812 | |||||||||||||||
Other
long-term liabilities (g)
|
74 | 5 | 3 | 15 | 97 | |||||||||||||||
Total
contractual cash obligations
|
$ | 2,660 | $ | 2,986 | $ | 2,233 | $ | 12,433 | $ | 20,312 |
50
(a)
|
Consists
of principal and interest for pollution-control revenue bond obligations
with interest rates scheduled to reset within the next 12 months.
Future variable interest rates are set at December 31, 2007 rates.
Refer to Interest Rate Risk included in Item 7A of this
Form 10-K for additional discussion related to variable-rate
liabilities.
|
(b)
|
Excluded
from these amounts are power purchase agreements that meet the definition
of an operating lease. Such amounts are included with power purchase
agreements.
|
(c)
|
Represents
expected cash payments adjusted for inflation for estimated costs to
perform legally required asset retirement activities.
|
(d)
|
Commodity
contracts are agreements for the delivery of energy. Capacity contracts
are agreements that provide rights to energy output, generally of a
specified facility. Forecasted or other applicable estimated prices were
used to determine total dollar value of the commitments for purposes of
the table. Amounts included in power purchase agreements include those
agreements that meet the definition of an operating
lease.
|
(e)
|
Includes
minimum commitments for maintenance, outsourcing of certain services,
contracts for software, telephone, data and consulting or advisory
services. The purchase obligation amounts consist of items for which
PacifiCorp is contractually obligated to purchase from a third party as of
December 31, 2007. These amounts only constitute the known portion of
PacifiCorp’s expected future expenses; therefore, the amounts presented in
the table will not provide a reliable indicator of PacifiCorp’s expected
future cash outflows on a standalone basis. For purposes of identifying
and accumulating purchase obligations, PacifiCorp has included all
contracts meeting the definition of a purchase obligation (legally binding
and specifying all significant terms, including fixed or minimum amount or
quantity to be purchased and the approximate timing of the transaction).
For those contracts involving a fixed or minimum quantity but variable
pricing, PacifiCorp has estimated the contractual obligation based on its
best estimate of pricing that will be in effect at the time the obligation
is incurred.
|
(f)
|
PacifiCorp
has entered into settlement agreements with various interested parties to
resolve issues necessary to obtain new hydroelectric licenses from the
FERC. These settlement agreements generally include clauses that allow for
termination of certain of PacifiCorp’s obligations if the FERC license
order is not consistent with the settlement agreement. The table only
includes contractual obligations made in settlement agreements that are
not contingent upon the FERC license being consistent with the settlement
agreement and obligations that are required by the FERC licenses. The
contractual obligations included in the table expire with the license
expiration dates. However, PacifiCorp plans to acquire new licenses that
will allow for continued operation for more than 30 years and expects
contractual obligations to continue or increase.
|
(g)
|
Includes
environmental commitments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that
are contractually or legally binding. Excludes regulatory liabilities and
employee benefit plan obligations that are not legally or contractually
fixed as to timing and amount. Deferred income taxes are excluded since
cash payments are based primarily on taxable income for each year.
Uncertain tax positions are also excluded because the amounts and timing
of cash payments are not certain. Includes contributions expected to be
made to the PacifiCorp Retirement Plan during the year ending
December 31, 2008 as disclosed in Note 18 of Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K.
|
Commercial
Commitments
PacifiCorp’s
commercial commitments include surety bonds that provide indemnities for
PacifiCorp in relation to various commitments it has to third parties for
obligations in the event of default on behalf of PacifiCorp. The majority of
these bonds are continuous in nature and renew annually. Based on current
contractual commitments, PacifiCorp’s level of surety bonding beyond the year
ended December 31, 2007, is estimated to be approximately $25 million.
This estimate is based on current information and actual amounts may vary due to
rate changes or changes to the general operations of PacifiCorp.
51
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
PacifiCorp
from time to time enters into arrangements in the normal course of business to
facilitate commercial transactions with third parties that involve guarantees or
similar arrangements. PacifiCorp currently has indemnification obligations for
breaches of warranties or covenants in connection with the sale of certain
assets. In addition, PacifiCorp evaluates potential obligations that arise out
of variable interests in unconsolidated entities, determined in accordance with
FIN 46R. PacifiCorp believes that the likelihood that it would be required
to perform or otherwise incur any significant losses associated with any of
these obligations is remote. Refer to Notes 16 and 17 of Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K
for more information on these obligations and arrangements.
Accounting
Matters
New
Accounting Standards
For a
discussion of new accounting pronouncements affecting PacifiCorp, refer to
Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Certain
accounting policies require management to make estimates and judgments
concerning transactions that will be settled in the future. Amounts recognized
in the Consolidated Financial Statements from such estimates are necessarily
based on numerous assumptions involving varying and potentially significant
degrees of judgment and uncertainty. Accordingly, the amounts currently
reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements will likely increase or
decrease in the future as additional information becomes available. The
following critical accounting policies are impacted significantly by judgments,
assumptions and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Accounting
for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
PacifiCorp
prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with the provisions
of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 71, Accounting for the Effects of
Certain Types of Regulation (“SFAS No. 71”), which differs in
certain respects from the application of accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) by non-regulated businesses.
In general, SFAS No. 71 recognizes that accounting for rate-regulated
enterprises should reflect the economic effects of regulation. As a result, a
regulated entity is required to defer the recognition of costs or income if it
is probable that, through the rate-making process, there will be a corresponding
increase or decrease in future rates. Accordingly, PacifiCorp has deferred
certain costs and income that will be recognized in earnings over various future
periods.
Management
continually evaluates the applicability of SFAS No. 71 and assesses
whether its regulatory assets are probable of future recovery by considering
factors such as a change in the regulator’s approach to setting rates from
cost-based rate-making to another form of regulation, other regulatory actions
or the impact of competition, which could limit PacifiCorp’s ability to recover
its costs. Based upon this continual assessment, management believes the
application of SFAS No. 71 continues to be appropriate and its existing
regulatory assets are probable of recovery. The assessment reflects the current
political and regulatory climate at both the state and federal levels and is
subject to change in the future. If it becomes probable that these costs will
not be recovered, the assets and liabilities would be written off and recognized
in operating income. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had recorded
specifically identified regulatory assets totaling $1,091 million and
regulatory liabilities totaling $799 million. Refer to Note 3 of the
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K for additional information regarding PacifiCorp’s regulatory
assets and liabilities.
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
is exposed to variations in the market prices of natural gas and electricity as
a result of its regulated utility operations and uses derivative instruments,
including forward purchases and sales, swaps and options to manage these
inherent commodity price risks.
52
Measurement
Principles
Derivative
instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as
either assets or liabilities unless they are designated and qualify for the
normal purchases and normal sales exemption afforded by GAAP. The fair values of
derivative instruments are determined using forward price curves. Forward price
curves represent PacifiCorp’s estimates of the prices at which a buyer or seller
could contract today for delivery or settlement of a commodity at future dates.
PacifiCorp bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations when
available and uses internally developed, modeled prices when market quotations
are unavailable. The fair value of these instruments are a function of
underlying forward commodity prices, interest rates, currency rates, related
volatility, counterparty credit worthiness and duration of contracts. Refer to
Item 7A of this Form 10-K for a summary of fair values determined
based on quoted market prices from third-party sources and those based on models
and other valuation methods. The assumptions used in these models are critical,
since any changes in assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair
value of the contracts.
Price
quotations for certain major electricity trading hubs are generally readily
obtainable for the first six years and, therefore, PacifiCorp’s forward price
curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market quotes.
However, in the later years or for locations that are not actively traded,
PacifiCorp’s forward price curves must be estimated in other ways. For
short-term contracts at less actively traded locations, prices are modeled based
on observed historical price relationships with actively traded locations. For
long-term contracts extending beyond six years, the forward price curve is based
upon the use of a fundamentals model (cost-to-build approach), due to the
limited information available. Factors used in the fundamentals model include
the forward prices for the commodities used as fuel to generate electricity, the
expected system heat rate (which measures the efficiency of power plants in
converting fuel to electricity) in the region where the purchase or sale takes
place and a fundamentals forecast of expected spot prices for a commodity in a
region based on modeled supply of and demand for the commodity in the
region.
Classification and
Recognition Methodology
The
majority of PacifiCorp’s contracts are probable of recovery in rates, and
therefore recorded as a net regulatory asset or liability, or are accounted for
as cash flow hedges, and therefore changes in fair value are recorded as
accumulated other comprehensive income. Accordingly, amounts are generally not
recognized in earnings until the contracts are settled. As of December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp had $256 million recorded as regulatory assets and
$- million recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income related to
these contracts in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If it becomes probable that
a contract will not be recovered in rates, the amount recorded as a regulatory
asset or liability will be written off and recognized in earnings. For cash flow
hedges, PacifiCorp discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it has
determined that a derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or when
it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When
hedge accounting is discontinued, future changes in the value of the derivative
are charged to earnings. Gains and losses related to discontinued hedges that
were previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income will remain
there until the hedged item is realized, unless it is probable that the hedged
forecasted transaction will not occur, at which time associated deferred amounts
in accumulated other comprehensive income are immediately recognized in
earnings.
Pensions
and Other Postretirement Benefits
PacifiCorp
sponsors defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans that
cover the majority of its employees. In addition, certain bargaining unit
employees participate in joint trust plans to which PacifiCorp contributes.
PacifiCorp recognizes the funded status of its defined benefit pension and
postretirement plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Funded status is the
fair value of plan assets minus the benefit obligation as of the measurement
date. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp recognized a liability totaling
$294 million for the under-funded status of its defined benefit pension and
other postretirement benefit plans.
53
The
expense and benefit obligations relating to PacifiCorp’s pension and other
postretirement benefit plans are based on actuarial valuations and are measured
three months prior to the end of PacifiCorp’s fiscal year. Inherent in these
valuations are key assumptions, including discount rates, expected returns on
plan assets and health care cost trend rates. These actuarial assumptions are
reviewed annually and modified as appropriate. PacifiCorp believes that the
assumptions utilized in recording obligations under the plans are reasonable
based on prior experience and market conditions. Refer to Note 18 of Notes
to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this
Form 10-K for disclosures about PacifiCorp’s pension and other
postretirement plans, including the key assumptions used to calculate the funded
status and net periodic cost for these plans as of and for the year ended
December 31, 2007.
In
establishing its assumption as to the expected return on assets, PacifiCorp
reviews the expected asset allocation and develops return assumptions for each
asset class based on historical performance and forward-looking views of the
financial markets. Pension and other postretirement benefit expenses increase as
the expected rate of return on retirement plan and other postretirement benefit
plan assets decrease. PacifiCorp regularly reviews its actual asset allocations
and periodically rebalances its investments to its targeted
allocations.
PacifiCorp
chooses a discount rate based upon high quality fixed-income investment yields
in effect as of the measurement date that corresponds to the expected benefit
period. The pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities, as well as
expenses, increase as the discount rate is reduced.
PacifiCorp
chooses a health care cost trend rate that reflects the near and long-term
expectations of increases in medical costs. The health care cost trend rate
above gradually declines to 5% by 2012 for participants under 65 and by
2010 for participants over 65, at which point the rate is assumed to remain
constant. Refer to Note 18 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for health care cost
trend rate sensitivity disclosures.
The
actuarial assumptions used may differ materially from period to period due to
changing market and economic conditions. These differences may result in a
significant impact to the amount of pension and other postretirement benefit
expense recorded. If changes were to occur for the following assumptions, the
approximate effect on the financial statements would be as follows
(in millions):
Other
Postretirement
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension
Plans
|
Benefit
Plan
|
|||||||||||||||
+0.5 | % | -0.5 | % | +0.5 | % | -0.5 | % | |||||||||
Effect
on December 31, 2007,
|
||||||||||||||||
Benefit
obligations:
|
||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
$ | (62 | ) | $ | 68 | $ | (32 | ) | $ | 35 | ||||||
Effect
on 2007 periodic cost:
|
||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
$ | (7 | ) | $ | 9 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 3 | ||||||
Expected
return on assets
|
(4 | ) | 4 | (2 | ) | 2 |
A variety
of factors, including the plan funding practices of PacifiCorp, have an effect
on the funded status of the plans. The Pension Protection Act of 2006
imposed generally more stringent funding requirements for defined benefit
pension plans, particularly for those significantly underfunded, and allowed for
greater tax deductible contributions to such plans than previous rules permitted
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. As a result of the Pension
Protection Act of 2006, PacifiCorp does not anticipate any significant changes
to the amount of funding previously anticipated through 2008; however, depending
on a variety of factors that impact the funded status of the plans, including
asset returns, discount rates and plan changes, PacifiCorp may be required to
accelerate contributions to its pension plans for periods after 2008 and there
may be more volatility in annual contributions than historically experienced,
which could have a material impact on cash flows.
Effective
June 1, 2007, PacifiCorp switched from a traditional final average pay
formula for the PacifiCorp Retirement Plan (for its non-union employees) to a
cash balance formula. As a result of the change, benefits under the traditional
final average pay formula were frozen as of May 31, 2007, and PacifiCorp’s
pension liability and regulatory assets each decreased by
$111 million.
54
Income
Taxes
In
determining PacifiCorp’s tax liabilities, management is required to interpret
complex tax laws and regulations. In preparing tax returns, PacifiCorp is
subject to continuous examinations by federal, state and local tax authorities
that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and
regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes
years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved.
The Internal Revenue Service has closed its examination of PacifiCorp’s income
tax returns through the 2000 tax year. Although the ultimate resolution of
PacifiCorp’s federal and state tax examinations is uncertain, PacifiCorp
believes it has made adequate provisions for these tax positions and the
aggregate amount of any additional tax liabilities that may result from these
examinations, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on PacifiCorp’s
financial results.
PacifiCorp
is required to pass income tax benefits related to certain property-related
basis differences and various other differences on to its customers in most
state jurisdictions. These amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset of
$423 million as of December 31, 2007, and will be included in rates
when the temporary differences reverse. Management believes the existing
regulatory assets are probable of recovery. If it becomes probable that these
costs will not be recovered, the assets would be written off and recognized in
earnings.
PacifiCorp
recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using estimated tax
rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to
reverse.
Revenue
Recognition - Unbilled Revenues
Revenue
is recorded based upon services rendered and electricity delivered, distributed
or supplied to the end of the period. Unbilled revenue was $192 million as
of December 31, 2007. Historically, any difference between the actual and
estimated amounts has been immaterial.
For
PacifiCorp, the determination of sales to individual customers is based on the
reading of its meter, which is performed on a systematic basis throughout the
month. At the end of each month, PacifiCorp records unbilled revenues
representing an estimate of the amount customers will be billed for energy
provided between the meter reading dates and the end of the month. The estimate
is reversed in the following month and actual revenue is recorded based on
subsequent meter readings.
The
monthly unbilled revenues of PacifiCorp are determined by the estimation of
unbilled energy provided during the period, the assignment of unbilled energy
provided to customer classes and the average rate per customer class. Factors
that can impact the estimate of unbilled energy provided include, but are not
limited to, seasonal weather patterns, historical trends, line losses, economic
impacts and composition of customer classes.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
PacifiCorp’s
Consolidated Balance Sheets include assets and liabilities whose fair values are
subject to market risks. PacifiCorp’s significant market risks are primarily
associated with commodity prices and interest rates. The following sections
address the significant market risks associated with PacifiCorp’s business
activities. PacifiCorp also has established guidelines for credit risk
management. Refer to Notes 2 and 9 of Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for
additional information regarding PacifiCorp’s accounting for derivative
contracts.
Risk
Management
PacifiCorp
has a risk management committee that is responsible for the oversight of market
and credit risk relating to the commodity transactions of PacifiCorp. To limit
PacifiCorp’s exposure to market and credit risk, the risk management committee
recommends, and executive management establishes, policies, limits and commodity
strategies, which are reviewed frequently to respond to changing market
conditions.
55
Risk is
an inherent part of PacifiCorp’s business and activities. The risk management
process established by PacifiCorp is designed to identify, measure, assess,
report and manage market risk exposure in its businesses. To assist in managing
the volatility relating to these exposures, PacifiCorp enters into various
transactions, including derivative transactions, consistent with PacifiCorp’s
risk management policy and procedures. The risk management policy governs energy
transactions and is designed for hedging PacifiCorp’s existing energy and asset
exposures, and to a limited extent, the policy permits arbitrage and trading
activities to take advantage of market inefficiencies. The policy also governs
the types of transactions authorized for use and establishes guidelines for
credit risk management and management information systems required to
effectively monitor such derivative use. PacifiCorp’s risk management policy
provides for the use of only those instruments that have a similar volume or
price relationship to its portfolio of assets, liabilities or anticipated
transactions, thereby ensuring that such instruments will be primarily used for
hedging. PacifiCorp’s portfolio of energy derivatives is substantially used for
non-trading purposes.
PacifiCorp
actively manages its exposure to commodity price volatility. These activities
may include adding to the generation portfolio and entering into transactions
that help to shape PacifiCorp’s system resource portfolio, including wholesale
contracts and financially settled temperature-related derivative instruments
that reduce volume and price risk due to weather extremes.
Commodity
Price Risk
PacifiCorp
is subject to significant commodity price risk. Exposures include variations in
the price of fuel costs to generate electricity and the price of wholesale
electricity that is purchased and sold. Electricity and natural gas prices are
subject to wide price swings as demand responds to, among many other
unpredictable items, changing weather, energy supply and demand, plant
performance and transmission constraints. PacifiCorp’s energy purchase and sales
activities are governed by PacifiCorp’s risk management policy and the risk
levels established as part of that policy. Forward contracts are used to
economically hedge both committed and forecasted energy purchases and sales.
Accordingly, net unrealized gains and losses on those forward contracts that are
accounted for as derivatives, and that are probable of recovery in rates, are
recorded as net regulatory assets or liabilities. Financial results may be
negatively impacted if the costs of fuel and purchased electricity are higher
than what is permitted to be recovered in rates.
PacifiCorp
measures the market risk in its electricity and natural gas portfolio daily,
utilizing a historical Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) approach and other
measurements of net position. PacifiCorp also monitors its portfolio exposure to
market risk in comparison to established thresholds and measures its open
positions subject to price risk in terms of quantity at each delivery location
for each forward time period. VaR computations for the electricity and natural
gas commodity portfolio are based on a historical simulation technique,
utilizing historical price changes over a specified (holding) period to simulate
potential forward energy market price curve movements to estimate the potential
unfavorable impact of such price changes on the portfolio positions. The
quantification of market risk using VaR provides a consistent measure of risk
across PacifiCorp’s continually changing portfolio. VaR represents an estimate
of possible changes at a given level of confidence in fair value that would be
measured on its portfolio assuming hypothetical movements in forward market
prices and is not necessarily indicative of actual results that may
occur.
PacifiCorp’s
VaR computations utilize several key assumptions. The calculation includes
short-term derivative commodity instruments, the expected resource and demand
obligations from PacifiCorp’s long-term contracts, the expected generation
levels from PacifiCorp’s generation assets and the expected retail and wholesale
load levels. The portfolio reflects flexibility contained in contracts and
assets, which accommodate the normal variability in PacifiCorp’s demand
obligations and generation availability. These contracts and assets are valued
to reflect the variability PacifiCorp experiences as a load-serving entity.
Contracts or assets that contain flexible elements are often referred to as
having embedded options or option characteristics. These options provide for
energy volume changes that are sensitive to market price changes. Therefore,
changes in the option values affect the energy position of the portfolio with
respect to market prices, and this effect is calculated daily. When measuring
portfolio exposure through VaR, these position changes that result from the
option sensitivity are held constant through the historical
simulation.
56
During
the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp changed its VaR
methodology for risk management purposes. The previous VaR methodology was based
on a 24-month forward position, 99% confidence interval and five-day holding
period. The new methodology is based on a 48-month forward position, 95%
confidence interval and one-day holding period. The change to 95% confidence
interval and a one-day holding period makes PacifiCorp’s VaR methodology more
consistent with industry practices. The increase in length of the forward
position from 24 to 48 months is based on management’s intention to
more actively manage exposure to energy cost variability beyond 24 months
and up to 48 months.
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s estimated potential one-day unfavorable
impact on fair value of the electricity and natural gas commodity portfolio over
the next 48 months was $14 million, as measured by the VaR
computations described above, compared to $16 million as of
December 31, 2006. The minimum, average and maximum daily VaR (one-day
holding periods) are as follows (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
March 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Minimum VaR (measured)
|
$ | 7 | $ | 7 | $ | 9 | ||||||
Average VaR (calculated)
|
12 | 12 | 14 | |||||||||
Maximum VaR (measured)
|
20 | 16 | 19 |
PacifiCorp
maintained compliance with its VaR limit procedures during the year ended
December 31, 2007. Changes in markets inconsistent with historical trends
or assumptions used could cause actual results to exceed predicted
limits.
Fair
Value of Derivatives
The
following table shows the changes in the fair value of energy-related contracts
subject to the requirements of SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS No. 133”), for the
year ended December 31, 2007 and quantifies the reasons for the changes
(in millions):
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||
Other
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
Regulatory
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||||||
Net Asset (Liability)
|
Asset
|
(Income)
|
||||||||||||||
Trading
|
Non-trading
|
(Liability)
|
Loss
|
|||||||||||||
Fair
value of contracts outstanding at December 31, 2006
|
$ | (3 | ) | $ | (225 | ) | $ | 230 | $ | (3 | ) | |||||
Contracts
realized or otherwise settled during the period
|
3 | (41 | ) | 39 | 3 | |||||||||||
Change
in valuation techniques
|
- | 27 | (27 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Other
changes in fair values (a)
|
- | (17 | ) | 14 | - | |||||||||||
Fair
value of contracts outstanding at December 31, 2007
|
$ | - | $ | (256 | ) | $ | 256 | $ | - |
(a)
|
Other
changes in fair values include the effects of changes in market prices,
inflation rates and interest rates, including those based on models, and
on new and existing contracts.
|
57
The fair
value of derivative instruments is determined using forward price curves.
Forward price curves represent PacifiCorp’s estimates of the prices at which a
buyer or seller could contract today for delivery or settlement of a commodity
at future dates. PacifiCorp bases its forward price curves upon market price
quotations when available and internally developed and commercial models with
internal and external fundamental data inputs when market quotations are
unavailable. In general, PacifiCorp estimates the fair value of a contract by
calculating the present value of the difference between the prices in the
contract and the applicable forward price curve. Price quotations for certain
major electricity trading hubs are generally readily obtainable for the first
six years, and therefore PacifiCorp’s forward price curves for those locations
and periods reflect observable market quotes. However, in the later years or for
locations that are not actively traded, PacifiCorp must develop forward price
curves. For short-term contracts at less actively traded locations, prices are
modeled based on observed historical price relationships with actively traded
locations. For long-term contracts extending beyond six years, the forward price
curve is based upon the use of a fundamentals model (cost-to-build approach) due
to the limited information available. Factors used in the fundamentals model
include the forward prices for the commodities used as fuel to generate
electricity, the expected system heat rate (which measures the efficiency of
electricity plants in converting fuel to electricity) in the region where the
purchase or sale takes place and a fundamental forecast of expected spot prices
based on modeled supply and demand in the region. The assumptions in these
models are critical since any changes to the assumptions could have a
significant impact on the fair value of the contract. Contracts with explicit or
embedded optionality are valued by separating each contract into its physical
and financial forward and option components. Forward components are valued
against the appropriate forward price curve. Option components are valued using
Black-Scholes-type option models, such as European option, Asian option, spread
option and best-of option, with the appropriate forward price curve and other
inputs.
PacifiCorp’s
valuation models and assumptions are updated daily to reflect current market
information, and evaluations and refinements of model assumptions are performed
on a periodic basis.
The
following table shows summarized information with respect to valuation
techniques and contractual maturities of PacifiCorp’s energy-related contracts
qualifying as derivatives under SFAS No. 133 at December 31, 2007
(in millions):
Fair
Value of Contracts at Period-End
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Maturity
|
Maturity in
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Less Than
|
Maturity
|
Maturity
|
Excess of
|
Fair
|
||||||||||||||||
1
Year
|
1-3
Years
|
4-5
Years
|
5
Years
|
Value
|
||||||||||||||||
Trading:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Values
based on quoted market prices from third-party sources
|
$ | - | $ | 1 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | |||||||||
Non-trading:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Values
based on quoted market prices from third-party sources
|
$ | 21 | $ | 32 | $ | 17 | $ | - | $ | 70 | ||||||||||
Values
based on models and other valuation methods
|
5 | 46 | (94 | ) | (283 | ) | (326 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 26 | $ | 78 | $ | (77 | ) | $ | (283 | ) | $ | (256 | ) | |||||||
Net
regulatory asset (liability)
|
$ | (26 | ) | $ | (78 | ) | $ | 77 | $ | 283 | $ | 256 |
Standardized
derivative contracts that are valued using market quotations are classified as
“values based on quoted market prices from third-party sources.” All remaining
contracts, which include non-standard contracts and contracts for which market
prices are not routinely quoted, are classified as “values based on models and
other valuation methods.” Both classifications utilize market curves as
appropriate for the first six years.
58
The table
that follows summarizes PacifiCorp’s commodity risk on energy derivative
contracts as of December 31, 2007 and shows the effects of a hypothetical
10% increase and a 10% decrease in forward market prices by the expected volumes
for these contracts as of that date. The selected hypothetical change does not
reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios
(in millions).
Fair Value
– Asset (Liability)
|
Hypothetical Price
Change
|
Estimated Fair Value
after Hypothetical Change in Price
|
|||||||
As
of December 31, 2007
|
$ | (256 | ) |
10%
increase
|
$ | (199 | ) | ||
10%
decrease
|
(313 | ) |
Interest
Rate Risk
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had fixed-rate liabilities with an aggregate
carrying value of $4.58 billion with a total fair value of $4.81 billion.
Because of their fixed interest rates, these instruments do not expose
PacifiCorp to the risk of earnings loss due to changes in market interest rates.
However, the fair value of these instruments would decrease by approximately
$241 million if interest rates were to increase by 10% from their levels as
of December 31, 2007. Comparatively, as of December 31, 2006,
PacifiCorp had fixed-rate liabilities with an aggregate carrying value of
$3.54 billion and a fair value of $3.74 billion. The fair value of
these instruments would have decreased by approximately $130 million if
interest rates had increased by 10% from their levels as of December 31,
2006. In general, such a decrease in fair value would impact earnings and cash
flows only if PacifiCorp were to reacquire all or a portion of these instruments
prior to their maturity.
As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $542 million of variable-rate
liabilities and $214 million of temporary cash investments compared to
$939 million of variable-rate liabilities and $48 million of temporary
cash investments at December 31, 2006. As of December 31, 2007 and
2006, PacifiCorp had no financial derivatives in effect relating to interest
rate exposure.
Based on
a sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2007, for a one-year horizon,
PacifiCorp estimates that if market interest rates average 1% higher (lower)
during the year ending December 31, 2008 than during the year ended
December 31, 2007, interest expense, net of offsetting impacts of interest
income, would increase (decrease) by $3 million. Comparatively, based on a
sensitivity analysis as of December 31, 2006, for a one-year horizon,
PacifiCorp estimates that had market interest rates averaged 1% higher (lower)
during the year ended December 31, 2007 than during the year ended
December 31, 2006, interest expense, net of offsetting impacts of interest
income, would have increased (decreased) by $9 million. These amounts
include the effect of invested cash and were determined by considering the
impact of the hypothetical interest rates on the variable-rate securities
outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006. The
decrease in interest rate sensitivity is due to the decrease in outstanding
variable-rate commercial paper and the increase in invested cash. If interest
rates change significantly, PacifiCorp might take actions to manage its exposure
to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that may
be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no changes
in PacifiCorp’s financial structure.
Credit
Risk
PacifiCorp
extends unsecured credit to other utilities, energy marketers, and certain
commercial and industrial end-users in conjunction with wholesale energy
marketing activities. Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that might occur
as a result of non-performance by counterparties of their contractual
obligations to make or take delivery of electricity, natural gas or other
commodities and to make financial settlements of these obligations. Credit risk
may be concentrated to the extent that one or more groups of counterparties have
similar economic, industry or other characteristics that would cause their
ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in
market or other conditions. In addition, credit risk includes not only the risk
that a counterparty may default due to circumstances relating directly to it,
but also the risk that a counterparty may default due to circumstances involving
other market participants that have a direct or indirect relationship with such
counterparty.
59
PacifiCorp
analyzes the financial condition of each significant counterparty before
entering into any transactions, establishes limits on the amount of unsecured
credit to be extended to each counterparty and evaluates the appropriateness of
unsecured credit limits on a daily basis. To mitigate exposure to the financial
risks of wholesale counterparties, PacifiCorp enters into netting and collateral
arrangements that include margining and cross-product netting agreements and
obtaining third-party guarantees, letters of credit and cash deposits.
Counterparties may be assessed interest fees for delayed receipts. If required,
PacifiCorp exercises rights under these arrangements, including calling on the
counterparty’s credit support arrangement.
As of
December 31, 2007, 71% of PacifiCorp’s credit exposure, net of collateral,
from wholesale operations was with counterparties having externally rated
“investment grade” credit ratings, while an additional 9% of PacifiCorp’s credit
exposure, net of collateral, from wholesale operations was with counterparties
having financial characteristics deemed equivalent to “investment grade” by
PacifiCorp based on internal review.
As of
December 31, 2007, less than 1% of PacifiCorp’s credit exposure, net of
collateral, from wholesale operations was with counterparties having externally
rated “non-investment grade” credit ratings, while an additional 19% of
PacifiCorp’s credit exposure, net of collateral, from wholesale operations was
with counterparties having financial characteristics deemed equivalent to
“non-investment grade” by PacifiCorp based on internal review.
60
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY
DATA
62
|
|
64
|
|
65
|
|
67
|
|
68
|
|
69
|
61
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
To the
Board of Directors and Shareholders of PacifiCorp:
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PacifiCorp and its
subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the
related consolidated statements of income, changes in common shareholder’s
equity and comprehensive income and of cash flows for the year ended
December 31, 2007 and the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to
have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over
financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over
financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries as of
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their
cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America.
As
discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company
adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined
Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements
No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R), as of
December 31, 2006.
Deloitte
& Touche LLP
Portland,
Oregon
February 27,
2008
62
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the
Board of Directors and Shareholders of PacifiCorp:
In our
opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of income, common
shareholder’s equity and comprehensive income and of cash flows for the year
ended March 31, 2006 present fairly, in all material respects, the results
of operations and cash flows of PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries for the year
ended March 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit
of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP
Portland,
Oregon
May 26,
2006
63
PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Amounts
in millions)
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Revenues
|
$ | 4,258 | $ | 2,924 | $ | 3,897 | ||||||
Operating
expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
1,768 | 1,297 | 1,545 | |||||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
1,004 | 780 | 1,015 | |||||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
497 | 355 | 448 | |||||||||
Taxes,
other than income taxes
|
101 | 77 | 97 | |||||||||
Total
|
3,370 | 2,509 | 3,105 | |||||||||
Income
from operations
|
888 | 415 | 792 | |||||||||
Interest
and other expense (income):
|
||||||||||||
Interest
expense
|
314 | 215 | 280 | |||||||||
Interest
income
|
(15 | ) | (6 | ) | (10 | ) | ||||||
Allowance
for borrowed funds
|
(29 | ) | (18 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||||
Allowance
for equity funds
|
(41 | ) | (17 | ) | (14 | ) | ||||||
Other
|
- | (6 | ) | (5 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
229 | 168 | 232 | |||||||||
Income
before income tax expense
|
659 | 247 | 560 | |||||||||
Income
tax expense
|
220 | 86 | 199 | |||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 439 | $ | 161 | $ | 361 | ||||||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
64
PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts
in millions)
As
of
|
||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
ASSETS
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Current
assets:
|
||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$ | 228 | $ | 59 | ||||
Accounts
receivable, net
|
391 | 342 | ||||||
Unbilled
revenue
|
192 | 178 | ||||||
Amounts
due from affiliates
|
34 | 53 | ||||||
Inventories
at average cost:
|
||||||||
Materials
and supplies
|
163 | 140 | ||||||
Fuel
|
129 | 104 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
143 | 151 | ||||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
55 | 28 | ||||||
Other
|
141 | 57 | ||||||
Total
current assets
|
1,476 | 1,112 | ||||||
Property,
plant and equipment:
|
||||||||
Generation
|
6,814 | 6,134 | ||||||
Transmission
|
2,878 | 2,689 | ||||||
Distribution
|
4,885 | 4,655 | ||||||
Intangible
plant
|
671 | 678 | ||||||
Other
|
1,766 | 1,687 | ||||||
Property,
plant and equipment in service
|
17,014 | 15,843 | ||||||
Accumulated
depreciation and amortization
|
(6,125 | ) | (5,842 | ) | ||||
Net
property, plant and equipment in service
|
10,889 | 10,001 | ||||||
Construction
work-in-progress
|
960 | 809 | ||||||
Total
property, plant and equipment, net
|
11,849 | 10,810 | ||||||
Other
assets:
|
||||||||
Regulatory
assets
|
1,091 | 1,397 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
215 | 235 | ||||||
Deferred
charges and other
|
276 | 298 | ||||||
Total
other assets
|
1,582 | 1,930 | ||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 14,907 | $ | 13,852 | ||||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
65
PACIFICORP
AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS, continued
(Amounts
in millions)
As
of
|
||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
LIABILITIES
AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
2007
|
2006
|
||||||
Current
liabilities:
|
||||||||
Accounts
payable
|
$ | 449 | $ | 385 | ||||
Amounts
due to affiliates
|
2 | 1 | ||||||
Accrued
employee expenses
|
80 | 85 | ||||||
Taxes
payable, other than income taxes
|
28 | 30 | ||||||
Interest
payable
|
74 | 57 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
117 | 110 | ||||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations, currently maturing
|
414 | 127 | ||||||
Preferred
stock subject to mandatory redemption, currently maturing
|
- | 38 | ||||||
Short-term
debt
|
- | 397 | ||||||
Other
|
149 | 135 | ||||||
Total
current liabilities
|
1,313 | 1,365 | ||||||
Deferred
credits:
|
||||||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
1,701 | 1,641 | ||||||
Investment
tax credits
|
54 | 62 | ||||||
Regulatory
liabilities
|
799 | 822 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
497 | 504 | ||||||
Pension
and other post employment liabilities
|
315 | 691 | ||||||
Other
|
395 | 374 | ||||||
Total
deferred credits
|
3,761 | 4,094 | ||||||
Long-term
debt and capital lease obligations, net of current
maturities
|
4,753 | 3,967 | ||||||
Total
liabilities
|
9,827 | 9,426 | ||||||
Commitments,
contingencies and guarantees (Notes 15 and 16)
|
||||||||
Shareholders'
equity:
|
||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
41 | 41 | ||||||
Common
equity:
|
||||||||
Common
shareholder's capital - 750 shares authorized, no par value,
357 shares issued and outstanding
|
3,804 | 3,600 | ||||||
Retained
earnings
|
1,239 | 789 | ||||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss, net
|
(4 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Total
common equity
|
5,039 | 4,385 | ||||||
Total
shareholders’ equity
|
5,080 | 4,426 | ||||||
Total
liabilities and shareholders’ equity
|
$ | 14,907 | $ | 13,852 |
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements.
66
PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts
in millions)
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
||||||||||||
Net
income
|
$ | 439 | $ | 161 | $ | 361 | ||||||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
|
||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss (gain) on derivative contracts, net
|
(1 | ) | 104 | (87 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
497 | 355 | 448 | |||||||||
Deferred
income taxes and investment tax credits, net
|
39 | 6 | 14 | |||||||||
Regulatory
asset/liability establishment and amortization
|
(45 | ) | 5 | 52 | ||||||||
Other
|
10 | 14 | 50 | |||||||||
Changes
in:
|
||||||||||||
Accounts
receivable, net and other assets
|
(75 | ) | (129 | ) | 71 | |||||||
Inventories
|
(48 | ) | (32 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||
Amounts
due to/from affiliates - MEHC, net
|
20 | (51 | ) | 4 | ||||||||
Amounts
due to/from affiliates - ScottishPower, net
|
- | - | 33 | |||||||||
Accounts
payable and other liabilities
|
(12 | ) | (2 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
824 | 431 | 895 | |||||||||
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
||||||||||||
Capital
expenditures
|
(1,519 | ) | (1,051 | ) | (1,049 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds
from sale of assets
|
9 | - | - | |||||||||
Proceeds
from available-for-sale securities
|
30 | 68 | 123 | |||||||||
Purchases
of available-for-sale securities
|
(25 | ) | (82 | ) | (85 | ) | ||||||
Other
|
8 | 9 | (13 | ) | ||||||||
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
(1,497 | ) | (1,056 | ) | (1,024 | ) | ||||||
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
||||||||||||
Changes
in short-term debt
|
(397 | ) | 213 | (284 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds
from long-term debt, net of issuance costs
|
1,193 | 348 | 296 | |||||||||
Proceeds
from equity contributions
|
200 | 215 | 485 | |||||||||
Dividends
paid
|
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | (177 | ) | ||||||
Repayments
and redemptions of long-term debt and capital lease
obligations
|
(127 | ) | (211 | ) | (270 | ) | ||||||
Redemptions
of preferred stock subject to mandatory redemption
|
(38 | ) | (8 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||||
Other
|
13 | 9 | 8 | |||||||||
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
842 | 564 | 50 | |||||||||
Net
change in cash and cash equivalents
|
169 | (61 | ) | (79 | ) | |||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
59 | 120 | 199 | |||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$ | 228 | $ | 59 | $ | 120 |
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
67
PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME
(Amounts
in millions, except per share amounts)
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Common
|
Other
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Shareholder’s Capital
|
Retained
|
Comprehensive
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||||||||
Shares
|
Amounts
|
Earnings
|
Income (Loss)
|
Income
|
||||||||||||||||
Balance
at March 31, 2005
|
312 | $ | 2,894 | $ | 446 | $ | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | 361 | - | $ | 361 | ||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss on available-for-sale securities,
net
of tax of $(1)
|
- | - | - | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Minimum
pension liability, net of tax of $3
|
- | - | - | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Common
stock issuance
|
45 | 485 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit from stock option exercises
|
- | 8 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Separation
of employee benefit plans
|
- | (4 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Other
|
- | (1 | ) | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Cash
dividends declared:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
- | - | (2 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Common
stock ($0.53 per share)
|
- | - | (175 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Balance
at March 31, 2006
|
357 | 3,382 | 630 | (2 | ) | $ | 364 | |||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | 161 | - | $ | 161 | ||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized
gain on derivative contracts, net of
tax
of $1
|
- | - | - | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss on available-for-sale securities,
net
of tax of $(2)
|
- | - | - | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||
Minimum
pension liability, net of tax of $-
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Adjustment
to initially apply SFAS 158, net of
tax
of $(1)
|
- | - | - | (1 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
Equity
contributions
|
- | 215 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit from stock option exercises
|
- | 3 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Cash
dividends declared:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
- | - | (2 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2006
|
357 | 3,600 | 789 | (4 | ) | $ | 160 | |||||||||||||
Net
income
|
- | - | 439 | - | $ | 439 | ||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income (loss):
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized
amounts on retirement benefits,
net
of tax of $2
|
- | - | - | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized
loss on derivative contracts, net
of
tax of $(1)
|
- | - | - | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Adoption
of FASB Interpretation No. 48
|
- | - | 13 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Equity
contributions
|
- | 200 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Tax
benefit from stock option exercises
|
- | 4 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Cash
dividends declared:
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred
stock
|
- | - | (2 | ) | - | - | ||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2007
|
357 | $ | 3,804 | $ | 1,239 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 439 |
The accompanying notes are an integral
part of these consolidated financial statements.
68
PACIFICORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES
TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Organization
and Operations
PacifiCorp
(which includes PacifiCorp and its subsidiaries) is a United States regulated
electricity company serving 1.7 million retail customers, including
residential, commercial, industrial and other customers in portions of the
states of Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington, Idaho and California. PacifiCorp
owns, or has interests in, a number of thermal, hydroelectric and wind-powered
generating plants, as well as electric transmission and distribution assets.
PacifiCorp also buys and sells electricity on the wholesale market with public
and private utilities, energy marketing companies and incorporated
municipalities. The regulatory commission in each state approves rates for
retail electric sales within that state. PacifiCorp’s subsidiaries support its
electric utility operations by providing coal-mining facilities and services and
environmental remediation services.
On
March 21, 2006, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (“MEHC”) completed its
purchase of all of PacifiCorp’s outstanding common stock from PacifiCorp
Holdings, Inc. (“PHI”), a subsidiary of Scottish Power plc
(“ScottishPower”). PacifiCorp’s common stock was directly acquired by a
subsidiary of MEHC, PPW Holdings LLC. As a result of this transaction,
MEHC controls the significant majority of PacifiCorp’s voting securities. MEHC
is a holding company based in Des Moines, Iowa, that owns subsidiaries that are
principally engaged in energy businesses.
In
May 2006, the PacifiCorp Board of Directors elected to change PacifiCorp’s
fiscal year-end from March 31 to December 31. As a result, the
Consolidated Statements of Income include the audited nine-month transition
period ended December 31, 2006. Summarized consolidated unaudited financial
data for the comparative nine-month period ended December 31, 2005 is as
follows (in millions):
Revenues
|
$ | 2,667 | ||
Income
from operations
|
521 | |||
Income
tax expense
|
129 | |||
Net
income
|
214 |
(2) Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis
of Consolidation
The
Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of PacifiCorp and its
subsidiaries in which it holds a controlling financial interest. Intercompany
accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Refer to Note 17 –
Variable-Interest Entities.
Minority
interest in Bridger Coal Company was $79 million at December 31, 2007
and $65 million at December 31, 2006 and is included in Deferred
credits – Other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In
April 2007, PacifiCorp acquired the outstanding 10% minority interest
in PacifiCorp Environmental Remediation Company (“PERCo”) for $150,000 and PERCo
became a wholly owned subsidiary of PacifiCorp. PERCo provides environmental
remediation services to PacifiCorp.
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp’s steam delivery subsidiary, Intermountain
Geothermal Company, was merged into PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp now has 95% of the
steam rights associated with the geothermal field serving PacifiCorp’s Blundell
geothermal plant.
69
Use
of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements
The
preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. These estimates include, but
are not limited to: unbilled receivables; valuation of energy contracts; the
effects of regulation; the accounting for contingencies, including
environmental, regulatory and income tax matters; and certain assumptions made
in accounting for pension and other postretirement benefits. Actual results may
differ from the estimates used in preparing the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Cash
Equivalents
Cash
equivalents consist of funds invested in money market funds and in other
investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased.
Marketable
Securities
PacifiCorp’s
management determines the appropriate classifications of investments in debt and
equity securities at the acquisition date and re-evaluates the classifications
at each balance sheet date. PacifiCorp’s investments in debt and equity
securities are classified as available-for-sale.
Available-for-sale
securities are stated at fair value with realized gains and losses, as
determined on a specific identification basis, recognized in earnings and
unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive
income, net of tax. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on the trust fund
related to the final reclamation of leased coal-mining property are recorded as
regulatory assets or liabilities since PacifiCorp expects to recover costs for
these activities through rates.
Accounting
for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
PacifiCorp
prepares its financial statements in accordance with the provisions of Statement
of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 71, Accounting for the Effects of
Certain Types of Regulation (“SFAS No. 71”), which differs in
certain respects from the application of GAAP by non-regulated businesses. In
general, SFAS No. 71 recognizes that accounting for rate-regulated
enterprises should reflect the economic effects of regulation. As a result, a
regulated entity is required to defer the recognition of costs or income if it
is probable that, through the rate-making process, there will be a corresponding
increase or decrease in future rates. Accordingly, PacifiCorp has deferred
certain costs and income that will be recognized in earnings over various future
periods.
Management
continually evaluates the applicability of SFAS No. 71 and assesses
whether its regulatory assets are probable of future recovery by considering
factors such as a change in the regulator’s approach to setting rates from
cost-based rate-making to another form of regulation; other regulatory actions;
or the impact of competition, which could limit PacifiCorp’s ability to recover
its costs. Based upon this continual assessment, management believes the
application of SFAS No. 71 continues to be appropriate and its
existing regulatory assets are probable of recovery. The assessment reflects the
current political and regulatory climate at both the state and federal levels
and is subject to change in the future. If it becomes probable that these costs
will not be recovered, the assets and liabilities would be written off and
recognized in income from operations.
Allowance
for Doubtful Accounts
The
allowance for doubtful accounts is based on PacifiCorp’s assessment of the
collectibility of payments from its customers. This assessment requires judgment
regarding the ability of customers to pay the amounts owed to PacifiCorp and the
outcome of pending disputes and arbitrations. At December 31, 2007 and
2006, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $7 million and
$12 million, respectively.
70
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
employs a number of different derivative instruments in connection with its
electric, natural gas and foreign currency exchange rate activities, including
forward purchases and sales, swaps and options. Derivative instruments are
recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value as either assets or
liabilities unless they are designated and qualify for the normal purchases and
normal sales exemption afforded by GAAP. Contracts that qualify as normal
purchases or normal sales are not marked to market. Derivative contracts for
commodities used in normal business operations that are settled by physical
delivery, among other criteria, are eligible for and may be designated as normal
purchases and normal sales pursuant to the exemption. Recognition of these
contracts in Revenues or Energy costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income
occurs when the contracts settle.
For
contracts designated in hedge relationships (“hedge contract”), PacifiCorp
maintains formal documentation of the hedge. In addition, at inception and on a
quarterly basis, PacifiCorp formally assesses whether hedge contracts are highly
effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items. PacifiCorp
documents hedging activity by transaction type and risk management
strategy.
Changes
in the fair value of a derivative designated and qualifying as a cash flow
hedge, to the extent effective, are included in the Consolidated Statements of
Changes in Common Shareholder’s Equity and Comprehensive Income as Accumulated
other comprehensive income, net of tax, until the hedged item is recognized in
earnings. PacifiCorp discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when it has
determined that a derivative no longer qualifies as an effective hedge, or when
it is no longer probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will occur. When
hedge accounting is discontinued because the derivative no longer qualifies as
an effective hedge, future changes in the value of the derivative are charged to
earnings. Gains and losses related to discontinued hedges that were previously
recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income will remain in Accumulated
other comprehensive income until the hedged item is realized, unless it is
probable that the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, at which time
associated deferred amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income are
immediately recognized in current earnings.
Certain
derivative contracts utilized by PacifiCorp are recoverable through rates.
Accordingly, unrealized changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred as
net regulatory assets or liabilities pursuant to
SFAS No. 71.
When
available, quoted market prices or prices obtained through external sources are
used to measure a contract’s fair value. For contracts without available quoted
market prices, fair value is determined based on internally developed modeled
prices. The fair value of these instruments is a function of underlying forward
commodity prices, related volatility, counterparty creditworthiness and duration
of the contracts.
Inventories
Inventories
consist mainly of materials and supplies, coal stocks, natural gas and fuel oil,
which are valued at the lower of average cost or market.
Property,
Plant and Equipment, Net
General
Property,
plant and equipment are recorded at historical cost. PacifiCorp capitalizes all
construction-related material, direct labor costs and contract services, as well
as indirect construction costs, which include allowance for funds used during
construction. The cost of major additions and betterments are capitalized, while
costs for replacements, maintenance, and repairs that do not improve or extend
the lives of the respective assets are charged to operating
expense.
Generally
when PacifiCorp retires or sells its regulated property, plant and equipment, it
charges the original cost to accumulated depreciation. Any cost of removal is
charged against the cost of removal regulatory liability established through
depreciation rates. Salvage is recorded in the related accumulated depreciation
and amortization accounts and any residual gain or loss is amortized through
future depreciation expense.
71
PacifiCorp
records an allowance for funds used during construction, which represents the
estimated cost of debt and equity costs of capital funds necessary to finance
construction of plants. Allowance for funds used during construction is
capitalized as a component of Property, plant and equipment, with offsetting
credits to the Consolidated Statements of Income. After construction is
completed, PacifiCorp is permitted to earn a return on these costs by their
inclusion in rate base, as well as recover these costs through depreciation
expense over the useful life of the related assets.
The
weighted-average aggregate rates used for the allowance for funds used during
construction were 8.3% for the year ended December 31, 2007, 7.5% for the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006 and 6.5% for the year ended
March 31, 2006.
Intangible
plant consists primarily of computer software costs that are originally recorded
at cost. Accumulated amortization on Intangible plant was $378 million at
December 31, 2007 and $358 million at December 31, 2006.
Amortization expense on Intangible plant was $44 million during the year
ended December 31, 2007; $35 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006; and $46 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006. The estimated aggregate amortization on Intangible plant
for the years ending from December 31, 2008 through 2012 is
$39 million in 2008, $31 million in 2009, $27 million in 2010,
$26 million in 2011 and $24 million in 2012. Unamortized computer
software costs were $149 million at December 31, 2007 and
$177 million at December 31, 2006.
PacifiCorp
has unallocated acquisition adjustments that represent the excess of costs of
the acquired interests in property, plant and equipment purchased from other
regulated utilities over their net book value in those assets. These unallocated
acquisition adjustments had an original cost of $157 million at
December 31, 2007 and 2006, and accumulated depreciation of
$85 million and $80 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
Asset
Retirement Obligations
PacifiCorp
recognizes legal asset retirement obligations, mainly related to the final
reclamation of leased coal-mining property. The fair value of a liability for a
legal asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period in which it is
incurred, if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The fair value of
the liability is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset, which is
then depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. Subsequent to the
initial recognition, the liability is adjusted for any revisions to the expected
value of the retirement obligation (with corresponding adjustments to Property,
plant and equipment) and for accretion of the liability due to the passage of
time. The difference between the asset retirement obligations liability, the
corresponding asset retirement obligations asset included in Property, plant and
equipment and amounts recovered in rates to satisfy such liabilities is recorded
as a regulatory asset or liability. Estimated removal costs that PacifiCorp
recovers through approved depreciation rates but that do not meet the
requirements of legal asset retirement obligations are accumulated in removal
costs within regulatory liabilities in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
Depreciation
and Amortization
Depreciation
and amortization are computed by the straight-line group method either over the
life prescribed by PacifiCorp’s various regulatory jurisdictions for regulated
assets or over the assets’ estimated useful lives. The composite depreciation
rate of average depreciable assets on utility Property, plant and equipment was
3% for the year ended December 31, 2007, the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and the year ended March 31, 2006.
72
The
average depreciable lives of Property, plant and equipment currently in use by
category are as follows:
Computer
software costs included in Intangible plant are initially assigned a depreciable
life of 5 to 10 years.
Generation
|
||
Steam
plant
|
20
– 43 years
|
|
Hydroelectric
plant
|
14
– 85 years
|
|
Wind
plant
|
25 years
|
|
Other
plant
|
15
– 35 years
|
|
Transmission
|
20
– 70 years
|
|
Distribution
|
44
– 50 years
|
|
Intangible
plant
|
5
– 50 years
|
|
Other
|
5
– 30 years
|
In
August 2007, PacifiCorp filed applications with the regulatory commissions
in Utah, Oregon, Wyoming, Washington and Idaho to change the rates of
depreciation. Agreements have been reached in each of these states and are in
various stages of approval. Based on the new depreciation study, PacifiCorp
expects the depreciable lives of its Property, plant and equipment generally to
be extended beyond the lives assumed as of December 31, 2007. The most
significant change is expected to result in increasing the range of depreciable
lives for steam plant from 20 – 43 years to
20 – 57 years. When approved by the state commissions, the
agreements will make the new depreciation rates effective January 1,
2008.
Revenue
Recognition
Revenue
from customers is recognized as electricity is delivered and includes amounts
for services rendered. Revenue recognized includes unbilled, as well as billed,
amounts. Rates charged are subject to federal and state regulation.
Electricity
sales to retail customers are determined based on meter readings taken
throughout the month. PacifiCorp accrues an estimate of unbilled revenues, which
are earned but not yet billed, net of estimated line losses, each month for
electric service provided after the meter reading date to the end of the month.
The process of calculating the Unbilled revenue estimate consists of three
components: quantifying PacifiCorp’s total electricity delivered during the
month, assigning unbilled revenues to customer type and valuing the unbilled
energy. Factors involved in the estimation of consumption and line losses relate
to weather conditions, amount of natural light, historical trends, economic
impacts and customer type. Valuation of unbilled energy is based on estimating
the average price for the month for each customer type.
PacifiCorp
records sales, franchise and excise taxes, which are collected directly from
PacifiCorp’s customers and remitted directly to taxing authorities, on a net
basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income
Taxes
As a
result of the sale of PacifiCorp to MEHC on March 21, 2006, Berkshire
Hathaway Inc. commenced including PacifiCorp in its United States federal income
tax return. PacifiCorp’s provision for income taxes has been computed on the
basis that it files separate consolidated income tax returns. Prior to the sale,
PacifiCorp was included in PHI’s consolidated United States federal income tax
return.
Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are based on differences between the financial
statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the estimated tax rates
in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes
in deferred income tax assets and liabilities that are associated with
components of Other comprehensive income are charged or credited directly to
Other comprehensive income. Changes in deferred income tax assets and
liabilities that are associated with income tax benefits related to certain
property-related basis differences and other various differences that PacifiCorp
is required to pass on to its customers in most state jurisdictions are charged
or credited directly to a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. These
amounts were recognized as a net regulatory asset of $423 million at
December 31, 2007, and will be included in rates when the temporary
differences reverse. Other changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are included as a component of income tax expense.
73
Investment
tax credits are generally deferred and amortized over the estimated useful lives
of the related properties or as prescribed by various regulatory
jurisdictions.
In
determining PacifiCorp’s tax liabilities, management is required to interpret
complex tax laws and regulations. In preparing tax returns, PacifiCorp is
subject to continuous examinations by federal, state and local tax authorities
that may give rise to different interpretations of these complex laws and
regulations. Due to the nature of the examination process, it generally takes
years before these examinations are completed and these matters are resolved.
The Internal Revenue Service has closed its examination of PacifiCorp’s income
tax returns through the 2000 tax year. In addition, open tax years related to a
number of state jurisdictions remain subject to examination. Although the
ultimate resolution of PacifiCorp’s federal and state tax examinations is
uncertain, PacifiCorp believes it has made adequate provisions for these tax
positions and the aggregate amount of any additional tax liabilities that may
result from these examinations, if any, will not have a material adverse effect
on PacifiCorp’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
PacifiCorp recognizes interest income, interest expense and penalties related to
income taxes in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of
Income.
Segment
Information
PacifiCorp
currently has one segment, which includes the regulated retail and wholesale
electric utility operations.
New
Accounting Pronouncements
FIN 48
In July 2006, the
Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB
Interpretation No. 48, Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes–an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109
(“FIN 48”). PacifiCorp adopted the
provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. Under FIN 48, tax
benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to
be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is
measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be
realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits
claimed in PacifiCorp’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and
measurements standards. Refer to Note 10 for additional
discussion.
SFAS
No. 141(R)
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations
(“SFAS No. 141(R)”). SFAS No. 141(R) applies to all transactions
or other events in which an entity obtains control of one or more businesses.
SFAS No. 141(R) establishes how the acquirer of a business should
recognize, measure and disclose in its financial statements the identifiable
assets and goodwill acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling
interest in the acquired business. SFAS No. 141(R) is applied prospectively
for all business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning
of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15,
2008, with early application prohibited. SFAS No. 141(R) will not have an
impact on PacifiCorp’s historical Consolidated Financial Statements and will be
applied to business combinations completed, if any, on or after January 1,
2009.
SFAS
No. 160
In
December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in
Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS No. 160”). SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and
reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the
deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 requires entities to report
noncontrolling interests as a separate component of shareholders’ equity in the
consolidated financial statements. The amount of earnings attributable to the
parent and to the noncontrolling interests should be clearly identified and
presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations.
Additionally, SFAS No. 160 requires any changes in a parent’s ownership
interest of its subsidiary, while retaining its control, to be accounted for as
equity transactions. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning
on or after December 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal
years. PacifiCorp is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS
No. 160 on it consolidated financial position and results of
operations.
74
SFAS No. 159
In
February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities - Including an Amendment to
SFAS No. 115 (“SFAS No. 159”). SFAS No. 159
permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 159, an entity may
elect the fair value option for eligible items that exist at the adoption date.
Subsequent to the initial adoption, the election of the fair value option should
only be made at initial recognition of the asset or liability or upon a
remeasurement event that gives rise to new-basis accounting. The decision about
whether to elect the fair value option is applied on an instrument-by-instrument
basis, is irrevocable and is applied only to an entire instrument and not only
to specified risks, cash flows or portions of that instrument. SFAS No. 159
does not affect any existing accounting standards that require certain assets
and liabilities to be carried at fair value nor does it eliminate disclosure
requirements included in other accounting standards. SFAS No. 159 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. PacifiCorp
does not anticipate electing the fair value option for any existing eligible
items. However, PacifiCorp will continue to evaluate items on a case-by-case
basis for consideration under the fair value option.
SFAS No. 157
In September 2006,
the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair
Value Measurements (“SFAS No. 157”). SFAS No. 157
defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands
disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 does not
impose fair value measurements on items not already accounted for at fair value;
rather, it applies, with certain exceptions, to other accounting pronouncements
that either require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim
periods within those fiscal years. PacifiCorp is currently evaluating the impact
of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial position or results of
operations.
SFAS
No. 158
In
September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers’ Accounting for Defined
Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—an amendment of FASB Statements
No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)
(“SFAS No. 158”). PacifiCorp adopted the recognition and
related disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006.
SFAS No. 158 also requires that an employer measure plan assets and
obligations as of the end of the employer’s fiscal year, eliminating the option
in SFAS No. 87 and SFAS No. 106 to measure up to three
months prior to the financial statement date. The requirement to measure plan
assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end
is not required until fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. As of
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had not yet adopted the measurement date
provisions of the statement. Upon adoption of the measurement date provisions,
PacifiCorp will be required to record a transitional adjustment to retained
earnings or to a regulatory asset depending on whether the amount is considered
probable of being recovered in rates.
(3) Regulatory
Matters
PacifiCorp
is subject to the jurisdiction of public utility regulatory authorities of the
states in which it conducts retail electric operations with respect to prices,
services, accounting, issuance of securities and other matters. At present,
PacifiCorp is subject to cost-based rate-making for its business. PacifiCorp is
a “licensee” and a “public utility” as those terms are used in the Federal Power
Act and is therefore subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (the “FERC”) as to accounting policies and practices, certain
prices and other matters.
75
Regulatory
Assets and Liabilities
Regulatory
assets represent costs that are expected to be recovered in future rates.
PacifiCorp’s regulatory assets reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
consist of the following (in millions):
Weighted
|
|||||||||
Average
|
|||||||||
Remaining
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
Life
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||
Deferred income taxes (a)
|
33
years
|
$ | 459 | $ | 464 | ||||
Pension and other postretirement liabilities (b)
|
11
years
|
227 | 566 | ||||||
Derivative contracts
|
9
years
|
256 | 230 | ||||||
Deferral
of incurred power costs
|
(c)
|
31 | 3 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation
|
25
years
|
25 | 24 | ||||||
Unamortized issuance expense on retired debt
|
12
years
|
21 | 25 | ||||||
Environmental costs
|
8
years
|
8 | 14 | ||||||
Various
other costs
|
Various
|
64 | 71 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 1,091 | $ | 1,397 |
(a)
|
Amounts
represent income tax benefits related to certain property-related basis
differences and other various differences that were previously flowed
through to customers and will be included in rates when the temporary
differences reverse.
|
(b)
|
Amount
represents unrecognized components of benefit plans’ funded status that
are recoverable in rates when recognized in net periodic benefit cost.
Refer to Note 18 for further discussion.
|
(c)
|
Recovery
period has not yet been determined.
|
PacifiCorp
had regulatory assets not earning a return on investment of $945 million at
December 31, 2007.
Regulatory
liabilities represent income to be recognized or amounts to be returned to
customers in future periods. PacifiCorp’s regulatory liabilities reflected in
the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following
(in millions):
Weighted
|
|||||||||
Average
|
|||||||||
Remaining
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
Life
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||
Cost
of removal (a)(b)
|
33
years
|
$ | 707 | $ | 698 | ||||
Deferred
income taxes
|
Various
|
36 | 48 | ||||||
Asset
retirement obligation (a)
|
40
years
|
22 | 16 | ||||||
Various
other costs
|
Various
|
34 | 60 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 799 | $ | 822 |
(a)
|
These
regulatory liabilities are deducted from rate base.
|
(b)
|
Amounts
represent the remaining estimated costs, as accrued through depreciation
rates, of removing electric utility assets in accordance with accepted
regulatory practices.
|
76
Rate
Matters
In
October 2007, PacifiCorp filed its 2006 tax report under Oregon Senate
Bill 408 (“SB 408”), which was enacted in September 2005.
SB 408 requires that PacifiCorp and other large regulated, investor-owned
utilities that provide electric or natural gas service to Oregon customers file
an annual tax report with the Oregon Public Utility Commission
(the “OPUC”). PacifiCorp’s filing indicates that in 2006, PacifiCorp paid
$33 million more in federal, state and local taxes than was collected in
rates from its retail customers. PacifiCorp proposes to amortize
$27 million of the surcharge over a one-year period, which would result in
an average price increase of 3%. If the OPUC issues an order providing for
recovery in excess of $27 million and allows the deferral of the excess,
the portion not yet recovered will be tracked in a balancing account accruing
interest at PacifiCorp’s weighted cost of capital. The deferred amount, if any,
would be addressed in a subsequent SB 408 filing. The 2006 tax
report is currently being challenged during the 180-day procedural
schedule that follows the date of the filing, with rates potentially effective
June 2008. PacifiCorp expects to file its 2007 tax report under SB 408
during the fourth quarter of 2008. PacifiCorp has not recorded any amounts
related to either the 2006 tax report or the 2007 expected filing.
(4) Marketable
Securities
PacifiCorp,
by contract with Idaho Power Company, the minority owner of Bridger Coal Company
(an indirect subsidiary of PacifiCorp), maintains a trust relating to final
reclamation of a leased coal-mining property. Amounts funded are based on
estimated future reclamation costs and estimated future coal deliveries. Trust
fund assets associated with Bridger Coal Company are recorded at fair value and
included in Deferred charges and other and Current assets – Other. Trust fund
assets, which include the Idaho Power Company minority-interest portion and
amounts invested in money market accounts not classified as available-for-sale,
were $117 million at December 31, 2007 and $110 million at
December 31, 2006. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on the
Bridger Coal Company reclamation trust are recorded as a regulatory liability in
accordance with the prescribed regulatory treatment. Refer to Note 7 for
information regarding asset retirement obligations.
The
amortized cost and fair value of reclamation trust securities and other
investments included in Deferred charges and other and Current assets – Other in
the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which are classified as available-for-sale,
were as follows (in millions):
Gross
|
Gross
|
|||||||||||||||
Amortized
|
Unrealized
|
Unrealized
|
Estimated
|
|||||||||||||
Cost
|
Gains
|
Losses
|
Fair
Value
|
|||||||||||||
December 31,
2007:
|
||||||||||||||||
Debt
securities
|
$ | 53 | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | 54 | ||||||||
Equity
securities
|
51 | 10 | (3 | ) | 58 | |||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 104 | $ | 11 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 112 | |||||||
December 31,
2006:
|
||||||||||||||||
Debt
securities
|
$ | 47 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 47 | ||||||||
Equity
securities
|
54 | 8 | (1 | ) | 61 | |||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 101 | $ | 8 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 108 |
The
quoted market prices of securities are used to estimate their fair
value.
77
The
amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt and equity securities by
contractual maturities are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may
differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call
or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
December 31, 2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
|||||||||||||||
Amortized
|
Estimated
|
Amortized
|
Estimated
|
|||||||||||||
Cost
|
Fair
Value
|
Cost
|
Fair
Value
|
|||||||||||||
Debt
securities:
|
||||||||||||||||
Due
in one year or less
|
$ | 26 | $ | 27 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | ||||||||
Due
after one year through five years
|
9 | 9 | 21 | 21 | ||||||||||||
Due
after five years through ten years
|
1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||
Due
after ten years
|
17 | 17 | 19 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Equity
securities
|
51 | 58 | 54 | 61 | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 104 | $ | 112 | $ | 101 | $ | 108 |
Proceeds,
gross gains and gross losses from realized sales of available-for-sale
securities using the specific identification method were as follows
(in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Proceeds
|
$ | 30 | $ | 68 | $ | 123 | ||||||
Gross
gains
|
$ | 3 | $ | 5 | $ | 17 | ||||||
Gross
losses
|
- | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||
Net
gains
|
3 | 4 | 15 | |||||||||
Less
net gains included in Regulatory liabilities
|
(3 | ) | (2 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
Net
gains (losses) included in Net income
|
$ | - | $ | 2 | $ | (2 | ) |
(5) Short-Term
Borrowings
Short-Term
Debt
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp did not have any outstanding short-term debt
borrowings. At December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp’s outstanding short-term
borrowings consisted of commercial paper arrangements of $397 million at an
average interest rate of 5.3%.
Revolving
Credit Agreements
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $1.5 billion available under its
unsecured revolving credit facilities. During the year ended December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with total
bank commitments of $700 million available through October 23, 2012.
Under PacifiCorp’s previously existing unsecured revolving credit facility,
$800 million is available through July 6, 2011 and $760 million
is available from July 7, 2011 through July 6, 2012. Each credit
facility includes a variable interest rate borrowing option based on the London
Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin that is currently 0.195% that
varies based on PacifiCorp’s credit ratings for its senior unsecured long-term
debt securities and supports PacifiCorp’s commercial paper program. At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, PacifiCorp had no borrowings outstanding under
either credit facility.
78
PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit and other financing agreements contain customary covenants and
default provisions, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1.0. At December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp was in compliance with the covenants of its revolving credit
and other financing agreements.
(6) Long-Term
Debt and Capital Lease Obligations
PacifiCorp’s
long-term debt and capital lease obligations were as follows
(in millions):
December 31, 2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
|||||||||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
|||||||||||||||
Interest
|
Interest
|
|||||||||||||||
Amount
|
Rate
|
Amount
|
Rate
|
|||||||||||||
First
mortgage bonds:
|
||||||||||||||||
4.3%
to 9.2%, due through 2012
|
$ | 1,169 | 6.6 | % | $ | 1,295 | 6.6 | % | ||||||||
5.0%
to 8.8%, due 2013 to 2017
|
442 | 5.5 | 442 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||
8.1%
to 8.5%, due 2018 to 2022
|
175 | 8.1 | 175 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||
6.7%
to 8.2%, due 2023 to 2026
|
249 | 7.0 | 249 | 7.0 | ||||||||||||
7.7%
due 2031
|
300 | 7.7 | 300 | 7.7 | ||||||||||||
5.3%
to 6.3%, due 2034 to 2037
|
2,050 | 5.9 | 850 | 5.8 | ||||||||||||
Unamortized
discount
|
(5 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||
Pollution-control
revenue obligations:
|
||||||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2013 (a) (b)
|
41 | 3.8 | 41 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2014 to 2025 (b)
|
325 | 3.5 | 325 | 3.9 | ||||||||||||
Variable
rates, due 2024 (a) (b)
|
176 | 3.8 | 176 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
3.4%
to 5.7%, due 2014 to 2025 (a)
|
184 | 4.5 | 184 | 4.5 | ||||||||||||
6.2%
due 2030
|
13 | 6.2 | 13 | 6.2 | ||||||||||||
Unamortized
discount
|
(1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||
Capital
lease obligations:
|
||||||||||||||||
10.4%
to 14.8%, due through 2036
|
49 | 11.3 | 50 | 11.7 | ||||||||||||
Total
|
5,167 | 4,094 | ||||||||||||||
Less
current maturities
|
(414 | ) | (127 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 4,753 | $ | 3,967 | ||||||||||||
(a)
|
Secured
by pledged first mortgage bonds generally at the same interest rates,
maturity dates and redemption provisions as the pollution-control revenue
bond obligations.
|
(b)
|
Interest
rates fluctuate based on various rates, primarily on certificate of
deposit rates, interbank borrowing rates, prime rates or other short-term
market rates.
|
First
mortgage bonds of PacifiCorp may be issued in amounts limited by PacifiCorp’s
property, earnings and other provisions of PacifiCorp’s mortgage. Approximately
$16 billion of the eligible assets (based on original cost) of PacifiCorp
were subject to the lien of the mortgage at December 31, 2007.
In
October 2007, PacifiCorp issued $600 million of its 6.25% First
Mortgage bonds due October 15, 2037. In March 2007, PacifiCorp issued
$600 million of it 5.75% First Mortgage Bonds due April 1,
2037.
As of
December 31, 2007, $3.9 billion of first mortgage bonds were
redeemable at PacifiCorp’s option at redemption prices dependent upon United
States Treasury yields. As of December 31, 2007, $542 million of
variable-rate pollution-control revenue bond obligations were redeemable at
PacifiCorp’s option at par. As of December 31, 2007, $71 million of
fixed-rate pollution-control revenue bond obligations were redeemable at
PacifiCorp’s option at par and another $13 million at 101% of par. The
remaining long-term debt was not redeemable at December 31,
2007.
79
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $518 million of standby letters of
credit and standby bond purchase agreements available to provide credit
enhancement and liquidity support for variable-rate pollution-control revenue
bond obligations. These committed bank arrangements were all fully available at
December 31, 2007 and expire periodically through
May 2012.
In
addition, at December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had approximately
$18 million of standby letters of credit available to provide credit
support for certain transactions as requested by third parties. These committed
bank arrangements were all fully available at December 31, 2007 and have
provisions that automatically extend the annual expiration dates for an
additional year unless the issuing bank elects not to renew a letter of credit
prior to the expiration date.
PacifiCorp’s
standby letters of credit and standby bond purchase agreements generally contain
similar covenants and default provisions to those contained in PacifiCorp’s
revolving credit agreement, including a covenant not to exceed a specified
debt-to-capitalization ratio of 0.65 to 1.0. PacifiCorp monitors these
covenants on a regular basis in order to ensure that events of default will not
occur and at December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp was in compliance with these
covenants.
PacifiCorp
has entered into long-term agreements that expire at various dates through
October 2036 for transportation services, real estate and for the use of
certain equipment which qualify as capital leases. The transportation services
agreements included as capital leases are for the right to use newly constructed
pipeline facilities to provide natural gas to two of PacifiCorp’s power plants.
There were no non-cash capital lease additions to property, plant and equipment
during the year ended December 31, 2007. Non-cash capital lease additions
to property, plant and equipment were $17 million during the nine-month
period ended December 31, 2006 and $12 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006. Assets accounted for as capital leases of $49 million
as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 were included in Property, plant and
equipment – Other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The
annual maturities of long-term debt and capital lease obligations for the years
ending December 31 are (in millions):
Long-term
|
Capital Lease
|
|||||||||||
Debt
|
Obligations
|
Total
|
||||||||||
2008
|
$ | 412 | $ | 7 | $ | 419 | ||||||
2009
|
139 | 7 | 146 | |||||||||
2010
|
15 | 7 | 22 | |||||||||
2011
|
587 | 7 | 594 | |||||||||
2012
|
17 | 7 | 24 | |||||||||
Thereafter
|
3,954 | 85 | 4,039 | |||||||||
Total
|
5,124 | 120 | 5,244 | |||||||||
Unamortized
discount
|
(6 | ) | - | (6 | ) | |||||||
Amounts
representing interest
|
- | (71 | ) | (71 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
$ | 5,118 | $ | 49 | $ | 5,167 |
(7) Asset
Retirement Obligations
PacifiCorp
records asset retirement obligation liabilities for long-lived physical assets
that qualify as legal obligations. PacifiCorp estimates its asset retirement
obligation liabilities based upon detailed engineering calculations of the
amount and timing of the future cash spending for a third party to perform the
required work. Spending estimates are escalated for inflation and then
discounted at a credit-adjusted, risk-free rate. PacifiCorp then records an
asset retirement obligation asset associated with the liability. The asset
retirement obligation assets are depreciated over their expected lives and the
asset retirement obligation liabilities are accreted to the projected spending
date. Changes in estimates could occur due to plan revisions, changes in
estimated costs and changes in timing of the performance of reclamation
activities.
80
PacifiCorp
does not recognize liabilities for asset retirement obligations for which the
fair value cannot be reasonably estimated. Due to the indeterminate removal
date, the fair value of the associated liabilities on certain transmission and
distribution and other assets cannot currently be estimated and no amounts are
recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements other than
those included in the regulatory removal cost liability as established in
approved depreciation rates.
The
following table describes the changes to PacifiCorp’s asset retirement
obligation liability for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006 (in millions):
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
|||||||
Liability
recognized at beginning of period
|
$ | 221 | $ | 212 | ||||
Liabilities
incurred
|
2 | 4 | ||||||
Liabilities
settled
|
(27 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Revisions
in cash flow (a)
|
(22 | ) | 1 | |||||
Accretion
expense
|
11 | 8 | ||||||
Asset
retirement obligation
|
185 | 221 | ||||||
Less
current portion (b)
|
30 | 20 | ||||||
Long-term
asset retirement obligation at end of period (c)
|
$ | 155 | $ | 201 |
(a)
|
Results
from changes in the timing and amounts of estimated cash flows for certain
plant and mine reclamation.
|
(b)
|
Amount
included in Current liabilities – Other in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
|
(c)
|
Amount
included in Deferred credits – Other in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
|
PacifiCorp
had trust fund assets recorded at fair value, substantially relating to mine
reclamation, that were included in Current assets – Other and Deferred charges
and other of $119 million at December 31, 2007 and $112 million
at December 31, 2006, including the minority-interest joint-owner
portions.
(8) Preferred
Stock Subject to Mandatory Redemption
In
June 2007, PacifiCorp redeemed $38 million of outstanding preferred
stock subject to mandatory redemption, representing all remaining outstanding
shares of PacifiCorp’s $7.48 No Par Serial Preferred Stock Series. At
December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp had 375,000 No Par Serial Preferred
shares outstanding with a $100 stated value, totaling $38 million.
During the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp redeemed
$8 million of Preferred stock subject to mandatory and optional
redemption.
(9) Risk
Management and Hedging Activities
PacifiCorp
is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations in commodity prices, principally
natural gas and electricity. Interest rate risk exists on variable rate debt,
commercial paper and future debt issuances. PacifiCorp employs established
policies and procedures to manage its risks associated with these market
fluctuations using various commodity and financial derivative instruments,
including forward contracts, swaps and options. The risk management process
established by PacifiCorp is designed to identify, assess, monitor, report,
manage and mitigate each of the various types of risk involved in its business.
PacifiCorp’s portfolio of energy derivatives is substantially used for
non-trading purposes. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, PacifiCorp had no
financial derivatives in effect relating to interest rate exposure.
81
The
following table summarizes the various derivative mark-to-market positions
included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2007
(in millions):
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Net
Regulatory
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Derivative
Net Assets (Liability)
|
Assets
|
(Income)
|
||||||||||||||||||
Assets
|
Liabilities
|
Total
|
(Liabilities)
|
Loss
(a)
|
||||||||||||||||
Commodity
|
$ | 357 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (257 | ) | $ | 257 | $ | - | ||||||||
Foreign
currency
|
1 | - | 1 | (1 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
$ | 358 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (256 | ) | $ | 256 | $ | - | |||||||||
Current
|
$ | 143 | $ | (117 | ) | $ | 26 | |||||||||||||
Non-current
|
215 | (497 | ) | (282 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 358 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (256 | ) |
(a)
|
Before
income taxes.
|
The
following table summarizes the various derivative mark-to-market positions
included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2006
(in millions):
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Net
Regulatory
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Derivative
Net Assets (Liability)
|
Assets
|
(Income)
|
||||||||||||||||||
Assets
|
Liabilities
|
Total
|
(Liabilities)
|
Loss
(a)
|
||||||||||||||||
Commodity
|
$ | 383 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (231 | ) | $ | 233 | $ | (3 | ) | |||||||
Foreign
currency
|
3 | - | 3 | (3 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||
$ | 386 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (228 | ) | $ | 230 | $ | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Current
|
$ | 151 | $ | (110 | ) | $ | 41 | |||||||||||||
Non-current
|
235 | (504 | ) | (269 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 386 | $ | (614 | ) | $ | (228 | ) |
(a)
|
Before
income taxes.
|
Commodity
Price Risk
PacifiCorp
is exposed to market risk due to the variations in the price of fuel used for
generation and the price of wholesale electricity to be purchased or sold. To
manage this commodity price risk, as well as to optimize the utilization of
power generation assets and related contracts, PacifiCorp enters into forward
purchases and sales. Such energy purchase and sales activities are governed by
PacifiCorp’s risk management policy.
PacifiCorp
makes continuing projections of future retail and wholesale loads and future
resource availability to meet these loads based on a number of criteria,
including historical load and forward market prices and other economic
information and experience. Based on these projections, PacifiCorp purchases and
sells electricity on a forward yearly, quarterly, monthly, daily and hourly
basis to match actual resources to actual energy requirements and sells any
surplus at the prevailing market price. This process involves hedging
transactions, which include the purchase and sale of firm energy under long-term
contracts, forward physical contracts or financial contracts for the purchase
and sale of a specified amount of energy at a specified price over a given
period of time.
82
PacifiCorp
manages its exposure to increases in natural gas supply costs through forward
commitments for the purchase of physical natural gas at fixed prices and
financial swap energy contracts that settle in cash based on the difference
between a fixed price that PacifiCorp pays and a floating market-based price
that PacifiCorp receives.
Derivative
Instruments
Forward
physical and financial swap energy contracts that do not qualify for the
exemptions afforded by GAAP are accounted for as derivatives and are recorded in
the Consolidated Balance Sheets as assets or liabilities measured at estimated
fair value. Where PacifiCorp’s derivative instruments are subject to a master
netting agreement and the criteria of FIN 39, Offsetting of Amounts Related to
Certain Contracts – An Interpretation of APB Opinion No. 10 and FASB
Statement No. 105, are met, PacifiCorp presents its derivative
assets and liabilities, as well as accompanying receivables and payables, on a
net basis in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For those energy contracts that
are probable of recovery in rates, the unrealized gains and losses on derivative
instruments are recorded as a net regulatory asset or liability.
Realized
gains and losses on contracts that qualify as normal purchases and normal sales
under GAAP (and therefore exempted from fair value accounting) are reflected in
the Consolidated Statements of Income at the contract settlement
date.
Realized
and unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts held for trading
purposes are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income
as Revenues. Unrealized gains and losses on electricity and natural gas
derivative contracts not held for trading purposes are presented in the
Consolidated Statements of Income as Revenues for sales contracts and as Energy
costs and Operations and maintenance expense for purchase contracts and
financial swap energy contracts. Realized gains and losses on physically settled
derivative contracts not held for trading purposes are presented in the
Consolidated Statements of Income as Revenues for sales contracts and as Energy
costs for purchase contracts. Realized gains and losses on non-physically
settled forward purchase and sale derivative contracts not held for trading
purposes are presented on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income
as Revenues. Realized gains and losses on financial swap energy contracts are
presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income as Energy costs and
Operations and maintenance expense.
Cash
Flow Hedging
In order
to reduce the impact of fluctuations in forward prices of electricity and
natural gas on PacifiCorp’s results of operations, PacifiCorp initiated cash
flow hedging in April 2006 for a portion of its derivative contracts,
primarily electricity sales and natural gas purchase contracts. Changes in the
fair value of derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges are recorded
as Accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent the hedges are effective
in offsetting changes in future cash flows for forecasted electricity and
natural gas purchase and sales transactions. Amounts included in Accumulated
other comprehensive income are reclassified to Revenues or Energy costs when the
forecasted sale or purchase transaction is recognized in earnings, or when it is
probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur. Hedge ineffectiveness
and reclassifications from Accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings
are presented in Revenues for sales contracts and contracts held for trading
purposes and in Energy costs for purchase contracts and financial swap energy
contracts.
83
Summary
of Activity
The
following table summarizes the amount of the pre-tax unrealized gains and losses
included within the Consolidated Statements of Income associated with changes in
the fair value of PacifiCorp’s derivative contracts that are not included in
rates:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006 (a)
|
March 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Revenues
|
$ | (6 | ) | $ | 29 | $ | 224 | |||||
Operating
expenses:
|
||||||||||||
Energy
costs
|
7 | (133 | ) | (131 | ) | |||||||
Operations
and maintenance
|
- | - | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Total
unrealized gain (loss) on derivative contracts
|
$ | 1 | $ | (104 | ) | $ | 87 |
(a)
|
During
the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp reached a
new general rate case stipulation with several parties in Utah and
received approval from the OPUC for a new general rate case settlement in
Oregon. Utah and Oregon together account for approximately 70% of
PacifiCorp’s retail electric operating revenues. Based on management’s
consideration of the two new rate settlements, as well as the power cost
recovery adjustment mechanisms approved in Wyoming and California earlier
in 2006, PacifiCorp changed its estimate of the contracts receiving
recovery in rates. Effective July 21, 2006, PacifiCorp recorded a
$40 million decrease in net regulatory assets for previously recorded
net unrealized gains related to contracts that it determined were probable
of being recovered in rates with a corresponding pre-tax charge to net
income of $44 million and a pre-tax increase to Accumulated other
comprehensive income of
$4 million.
|
Fair
Value Calculations
PacifiCorp
bases its forward price curves upon market price quotations when available and
bases them on internally developed and commercial models, with internal and
external fundamental data inputs, when market quotations are unavailable. Market
quotes are obtained from independent energy brokers, as well as direct
information received from third-party offers and actual transactions executed by
PacifiCorp. Price quotations for certain major electricity trading hubs are
generally readily obtainable for the first six years and therefore PacifiCorp’s
forward price curves for those locations and periods reflect observable market
quotes. However, in the later years or for locations that are not actively
traded, forward price curves must be developed. For short-term contracts at less
actively traded locations, prices are modeled based on observed historical price
relationships with actively traded locations. For long-term contracts extending
beyond six years, the forward price curve (beyond the first six years) is
based upon the use of a fundamentals model (cost-to-build approach) due to the
limited information available. The fundamentals model is updated as warranted,
at least quarterly, to reflect changes in the market, such as long-term natural
gas prices and expected inflation rates.
Short-term
contracts, without explicit or embedded optionality, are valued based upon the
relevant portion of the forward price curve. Contracts with explicit or embedded
optionality are valued by separating each contract into its physical and
financial forward, swap and option components. Forward and swap components are
valued against the appropriate forward price curve. Options components are
valued using Black-Scholes-type option models, such as European option, Asian
option, spread option and best-of option, with the appropriate forward price
curve and other inputs.
84
Foreign
Currency Derivatives
PacifiCorp
has entered into an agreement with a turbine supplier related to a wind plant
under construction that requires PacifiCorp to make certain payments in Euros.
To mitigate the related exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange
rates, PacifiCorp entered into forward contracts to purchase Euros at a fixed
price of United States Dollars. There is one remaining settlement date of
March 31, 2008 that corresponds to the final payment to be made in Euros
under the supply agreement. The forward contracts qualify as derivative
instruments. As the cost of the associated wind plant is expected to be
recovered in rates, the unrealized gain on this contract was recorded as a net
regulatory asset. The unrealized gain was $1 million and $3 million at
December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Weather
Derivatives
PacifiCorp
had a non-exchange-traded streamflow weather derivative contract to reduce
PacifiCorp’s exposure to variability in weather conditions that affect
hydroelectric generation. The contract expired on September 30, 2006.
PacifiCorp paid an annual premium in return for the right to make or receive
payments if streamflow levels were above or below certain thresholds. PacifiCorp
recognized a loss of $12 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and a loss of $16 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006. PacifiCorp currently has no streamflow or other weather
derivative contracts.
(10) Income
Taxes
Income
tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
March 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Current:
|
||||||||||||
Federal
|
$ | 162 | $ | 71 | $ | 167 | ||||||
State
|
19 | 9 | 18 | |||||||||
Total
|
181 | 80 | 185 | |||||||||
Deferred:
|
||||||||||||
Federal
|
41 | 11 | 20 | |||||||||
State
|
6 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||
Total
|
47 | 12 | 22 | |||||||||
Investment
tax credits
|
(8 | ) | (6 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||||
Total
income tax expense
|
$ | 220 | $ | 86 | $ | 199 |
85
A
reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate
applicable to income before income tax expense follows:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year Ended
|
Period Ended
|
Year Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
March 31,
2006
|
||||||||||
Federal
statutory rate
|
35 | % | 35 | % | 35 | % | ||||||
State
taxes, net of federal benefit
|
3 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
Effect
of regulatory treatment of depreciation differences
|
2 | 6 | 3 | |||||||||
Tax
reserves
|
(1 | ) | (5 | ) | 1 | |||||||
Tax
credits
|
(3 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||
Other
|
(3 | ) | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||
Effective
income tax rate
|
33 | % | 35 | % | 36 | % |
The net
deferred tax liability consists of the following
(in millions):
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
|||||||
Deferred
tax assets:
|
||||||||
Regulatory
liabilities
|
$ | 311 | $ | 320 | ||||
Employee
benefits
|
138 | 295 | ||||||
Derivative
contracts
|
107 | 102 | ||||||
Other
deferred tax assets
|
167 | 128 | ||||||
723 | 845 | |||||||
Deferred
tax liabilities:
|
||||||||
Property,
plant and equipment
|
(1,641 | ) | (1,526 | ) | ||||
Regulatory
assets
|
(598 | ) | (727 | ) | ||||
Derivative
contract regulatory assets
|
(97 | ) | (87 | ) | ||||
Other
deferred tax liabilities
|
(33 | ) | (118 | ) | ||||
(2,369 | ) | (2,458 | ) | |||||
Net
deferred tax liability
|
$ | (1,646 | ) | $ | (1,613 | ) | ||
Reflected
as:
|
||||||||
Current
assets – Deferred income taxes
|
$ | 55 | $ | 28 | ||||
Deferred
credits – Deferred income taxes
|
(1,701 | ) | (1,641 | ) | ||||
$ | (1,646 | ) | $ | (1,613 | ) |
As of
December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, PacifiCorp had no federal or
state net operating loss carryforwards.
The sale
of PacifiCorp to MEHC on March 21, 2006 triggered the recognition of a
deferred intercompany gain or loss for tax purposes. The recognition of the tax
effects of this item is considered to have occurred immediately prior to the
closing of the sale of PacifiCorp while it was part of the PHI consolidated
group. However, no adjustments have been recorded as PacifiCorp is not yet able
to estimate the amount of the tax effect, if any, or determine a range of the
potential tax effect. As the transaction was deemed to be with shareholders and
as a result of formal agreements among PacifiCorp, MEHC, PHI and ScottishPower,
PacifiCorp does not believe any adjustments resulting from the tax effect of a
deferred intercompany gain or loss will have a material impact on its
consolidated financial results.
86
PacifiCorp
adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007 and had a net asset of
$22 million for uncertain tax positions. PacifiCorp recognized a net
increase in the asset of $22 million as a cumulative effect of adopting
FIN 48, which was offset by increases in beginning retained earnings of
$13 million and deferred income tax liabilities of $9 million in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets. The $22 million was included in Deferred
credits – Other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
PacifiCorp
had a net asset of $13 million for uncertain tax positions at
December 31, 2007, including $15 million of tax positions that, if
recognized, would have an impact on the effective tax rate. The remaining
unrecognized tax benefits relate to positions for which ultimate deductibility
is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty as to the timing of such
deductibility. Recognition of these tax benefits, other than applicable interest
and penalties, would not affect PacifiCorp’s effective tax rate. The current
portion of uncertain tax positions is included in Current assets – Other and the
non-current portion is included in Deferred credits – Other in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets.
(11) Preferred
Stock
PacifiCorp’s
preferred stock, not subject to mandatory redemption, was as follows (shares in
thousands, dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
Redemption
|
December 31, 2007
|
December 31, 2006
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Price Per Share
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
||||||||||||||||||
Series:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Serial
Preferred, $100 stated value, 3,500 shares
authorized
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
4.52%
|
$ | 103.5 | 2 | $ | - | 2 | $ | - | ||||||||||||||
4.56
|
102.3 | 85 | 8 | 85 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
4.72
|
103.5 | 70 | 7 | 70 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
5.00
|
100.0 | 42 | 4 | 42 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
5.40
|
101.0 | 66 | 6 | 66 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
6.00
|
Non-redeemable
|
6 | 1 | 6 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
7.00
|
Non-redeemable
|
18 | 2 | 18 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
5% Preferred,
$100 stated value, 127 shares
authorized
|
110.0 | 126 | 13 | 126 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||
415 | $ | 41 | 415 | $ | 41 |
Generally,
preferred stock is redeemable at stipulated prices plus accrued dividends,
subject to certain restrictions. In the event of voluntary liquidation, all
preferred stock is entitled to stated value or a specified preference amount per
share plus accrued dividends. Upon involuntary liquidation, all preferred stock
is entitled to stated value plus accrued dividends. Dividends on all preferred
stock are cumulative. Holders also have the right to elect members to the
PacifiCorp board of directors in the event dividends payable are in default in
an amount equal to four full quarterly payments.
Dividends
declared but unpaid on preferred stock were $1 million at December 31,
2007 and 2006.
(12) Common
Shareholder’s Equity
Through
PPW Holdings LLC, MEHC is the sole shareholder of PacifiCorp’s common
stock. The state regulatory orders that authorized the acquisition of PacifiCorp
by MEHC contain restrictions on PacifiCorp’s ability to pay dividends to the
extent that they would reduce PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below specified
percentages of defined capitalization.
87
As of
December 31, 2007, the most restrictive of these commitments prohibits
PacifiCorp from making any distribution to either PPW Holdings LLC or
MEHC without prior state regulatory approval to the extent that it would reduce
PacifiCorp’s common stock equity below 48.25% of its total capitalization,
excluding short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt. After
December 31, 2008, this minimum level of common equity declines annually to
44.0% after December 31, 2011. The terms of this commitment treat 50.0% of
PacifiCorp’s remaining balance of preferred stock in existence prior to the
acquisition of PacifiCorp by MEHC as common equity. As of December 31,
2007, PacifiCorp’s actual common stock equity percentage, as calculated under
this measure, exceeded the minimum threshold.
These
commitments also restrict PacifiCorp from making any distributions to either PPW
Holdings LLC or MEHC if PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt rating is BBB- or lower by
Standard & Poor’s Rating Services or Fitch Ratings or Baa3 or
lower by Moody’s Investor Service, as indicated by two of the three rating
services. At December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s unsecured debt rating was BBB+
by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Fitch Ratings and
Baa1 by Moody’s Investor Service.
PacifiCorp
is also subject to maximum debt-to-total capitalization percentage under various
financing agreements as further discussed in Notes 5
and 6.
(13) Stock-Based
Compensation
PacifiCorp
Stock Incentive Plan (“PSIP”)
The PSIP
expired on November 29, 2001 and all outstanding options under the plan
were fully vested at March 31, 2005. As a result of the sale of PacifiCorp
to MEHC and in accordance with the PSIP provisions regarding a change in
control, all outstanding options, which gave the holders the right to acquire
ScottishPower American Depository Shares, were required to be exercised by
March 21, 2007 (12 months after the date of the sale of PacifiCorp) or
be forfeited.
ScottishPower
Executive Share Option Plan (“ExSOP”)
In prior
years, a select group of PacifiCorp employees received grants of stock options
under the ScottishPower ExSOP. As a result of the sale of PacifiCorp to MEHC on
March 21, 2006, all ExSOP options held by PacifiCorp employees became fully
vested in accordance with the change-in-control provisions of the ExSOP. The
change-in-control provisions also provided that all outstanding options, which
gave the holders the right to acquire ScottishPower American Depository Shares,
were exercisable up to the later of 12 months after the date of the sale of
PacifiCorp or 42 months after the date of original option grant. Options
that were not exercised within this time period were forfeited. Upon its sale,
PacifiCorp ceased to participate in the plan. As of December 31, 2007,
there were no remaining options outstanding and exercisable by PacifiCorp
employees.
88
The table
below summarizes the stock option activity under the PSIP and the
ExSOP:
PSIP
|
ExSOP
|
|||||||||||||||
Weighted
|
Weighted
|
|||||||||||||||
Number of
|
Average
|
Number of
|
Average
|
|||||||||||||
Shares
|
Price
|
Shares
|
Price
|
|||||||||||||
ScottishPower
American Depository Shares:
|
||||||||||||||||
Outstanding
options at March 31, 2005
|
2,133,613 | $ | 33.52 | 1,898,496 | $ | 25.85 | ||||||||||
Exercised
|
(1,325,284 | ) | 31.32 | (1,404,637 | ) | 25.58 | ||||||||||
Forfeited
|
(30,578 | ) | 35.86 | (16,096 | ) | 27.59 | ||||||||||
Transfers
due to separation
|
(68,710 | ) | 37.35 | (164,677 | ) | 25.56 | ||||||||||
Outstanding
options at March 31, 2006
|
709,041 | 37.15 | 313,086 | 27.15 | ||||||||||||
Exercised
|
(496,111 | ) | 36.93 | (278,230 | ) | 27.16 | ||||||||||
Outstanding
options at December 31, 2006
|
212,930 | 37.66 | 34,856 | 27.13 | ||||||||||||
Exercised
|
(184,661 | ) | 37.84 | (31,316 | ) | 27.20 | ||||||||||
Forfeited
|
(28,269 | ) | 36.42 | (3,540 | ) | 26.45 | ||||||||||
Outstanding
options at December 31, 2007
|
- | $ | - | - | $ | - |
Information
with respect to options outstanding and options exercisable under the PSIP and
the ExSOP were as follows:
Options
Outstanding and Exercisable
|
|||||||||||||
Weighted
|
Weighted
|
||||||||||||
Average
|
Average
|
||||||||||||
Exercise
|
Remaining
|
||||||||||||
Range
of Exercise Prices
|
Number of Shares
|
Price
|
Life (in years)
|
||||||||||
December 31,
2007
|
|||||||||||||
PSIP: |
$ -
|
- | $ | - | - | ||||||||
ESOP: |
$ -
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
December 31,
2006
|
|||||||||||||
PSIP: |
$25.70
- $41.38
|
212,930 | $ | 37.66 | 0.2 | ||||||||
ExSOP: |
$23.55
- $28.72
|
34,856 | 27.13 | 0.7 |
89
(14) Components
of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss is included in shareholders’ equity in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets and consists of the following components, net of
tax:
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||
Unrealized gain on derivative contracts
|
$ | - | $ | 2 | ||||
Pension and other postretirement liabilities
|
(4 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
Total
accumulated other comprehensive loss, net
|
$ | (4 | ) | $ | (4 | ) |
(15) Contingencies
Legal
Matters
PacifiCorp
is party to a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of
business. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. PacifiCorp
does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material
effect on its consolidated financial results. PacifiCorp is also involved in
other kinds of legal actions, some of which assert or may assert claims or seek
to impose fines and penalties in substantial amounts and are described
below.
In
February 2007, the Sierra Club and the Wyoming Outdoor Council filed a
compliant against PacifiCorp in the federal district court in Cheyenne, Wyoming,
alleging violations of the Wyoming state opacity standards at PacifiCorp’s Jim
Bridger plant in Wyoming. Under Wyoming state requirements, which are part of
the Jim Bridger plant’s Title V permit and are enforceable by private citizens
under the federal Clean Air Act, a potential source of pollutants such as a
coal-fired generating facility must meet minimum standards for opacity, which is
a measurement of light that is obscured in the flue of a generating facility.
The complaint alleges thousands of violations of asserted six-minute compliance
periods and seeks an injunction ordering the Jim Bridger plant’s compliance with
opacity limits, civil penalties of $32,500 per day per violation, and the
plaintiffs’ costs of litigation. The court granted a motion to bifurcate the
trial into separate liability and remedy phases. A five-day trial on the
liability phase is scheduled to begin on April 21, 2008. The remedy-phase
trail has not yet been set. PacifiCorp believes it has a number of defenses to
the claims. PacifiCorp intends to vigorously oppose the lawsuit but cannot
predict its outcome at this time. PacifiCorp has already committed to invest at
least $812 million in pollution control equipment at its generating
facilities, including the Jim Bridger plant. This commitment is expected to
significantly reduce system-wide emissions, including emissions at the Jim
Bridger plant.
Environmental
Matters
PacifiCorp
is subject to numerous environmental laws, including the federal Clean Air Act,
related air quality standards promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency
and various state air quality laws; the Endangered Species Act, particularly as
it relates to certain endangered species of fish; the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and similar state laws
relating to environmental cleanups; the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
and similar state laws relating to the storage and handling of hazardous
materials; and the Clean Water Act, and similar state laws relating to water
quality. These laws have the potential for impacting PacifiCorp’s operations.
Specifically, the Clean Air Act will likely continue to impact the operations of
PacifiCorp’s generating facilities and will likely require PacifiCorp to reduce
emissions from those facilities through the installation of additional or
improved emission controls, the purchase of additional emission allowances, or
some combination thereof. As of December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s
environmental contingencies principally consist of air quality matters. Pending
or proposed air regulations would, if enacted, require PacifiCorp to reduce its
electricity plant emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other
pollutants at its generating plants below current levels. PacifiCorp believes it
is in material compliance with current environmental requirements.
90
PacifiCorp’s
policy is to accrue environmental cleanup-related costs of a non-capital nature
when those costs are believed to be probable and can be reasonably estimated.
The quantification of environmental exposures is based on assessments of many
factors, including changing laws and regulations, advancements in environmental
technologies, the quality of information available related to specific sites,
the assessment stage of each site investigation, preliminary findings and the
length of time involved in remediation or settlement, PacifiCorp’s proportionate
share and any coverage provided by insurance policies. Remediation costs that
are fixed and determinable have been discounted to their present value using
credit-adjusted, risk-free discount rates based on the expected future annual
borrowing costs of PacifiCorp. The liability recorded was $29 million at
December 31, 2007 and $40 million at December 31, 2006 and is
included in Deferred credits – Other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The
December 31, 2007 recorded liability included $18 million of
discounted liabilities. Had none of the liabilities included in the
$29 million balance recorded at December 31, 2007 been discounted, the
total would have been $32 million. The expected undiscounted payments for
each of the years ending December 31, 2008 through 2012 and thereafter are
as follows: $9 million in 2008, $3 million in 2009, $2 million in
2010, $2 million in 2011, $1 million in 2012 and $15 million
thereafter.
It is
possible that future findings or changes in estimates could require that
additional amounts be accrued. Should current circumstances change, it is
possible that PacifiCorp could incur an additional undiscounted obligation of up
to approximately $17 million relating to existing sites. However,
management believes that completion or resolution of these matters will have no
material adverse effect on PacifiCorp’s consolidated financial position, results
of operations or cash flows.
Hydroelectric
Relicensing
PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric portfolio consists of 47 plants with an aggregate plant net
owned capacity of 1,158 MW. The FERC regulates 98% of the net capacity of
this portfolio through 16 individual licenses. Several of PacifiCorp’s
hydroelectric projects are in some stage of relicensing with the FERC.
Hydroelectric relicensing and the related environmental compliance requirements
and litigation are subject to uncertainties. PacifiCorp expects that future
costs relating to these matters may be significant and will consist primarily of
additional relicensing costs, operations and maintenance expense, and capital
expenditures. Electricity generation reductions may result from the additional
environmental requirements. PacifiCorp had incurred $89 million and
$79 million in costs as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively,
for ongoing hydroelectric relicensing, which are reflected in Construction
work-in-progress in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
In
February 2004, PacifiCorp filed with the FERC a final application for a new
license to operate the 169-MW (nameplate rating) Klamath hydroelectric project
in anticipation of the March 2006 expiration of the existing license.
PacifiCorp is currently operating under an annual license issued by the FERC and
expects to continue to operate under annual licenses until the new operating
license is issued. As part of the relicensing process, the United States
Departments of Interior and Commerce filed proposed licensing terms and
conditions with the FERC in March 2006, which proposed that PacifiCorp
construct upstream and downstream fish passage facilities at the Klamath
hydroelectric project’s four mainstem dams. In April 2006, PacifiCorp filed
alternatives to the federal agencies’ proposal and requested an administrative
hearing to challenge some of the federal agencies’ factual assumptions
supporting their proposal for the construction of the fish passage facilities. A
hearing was held in August 2006 before an administrative law judge. The
administrative law judge issued a ruling in September 2006 generally
supporting the federal agencies’ factual assumptions. In January 2007, the
United States Departments of Interior and Commerce filed modified terms and
conditions consistent with the March 2006 filings and rejected the
alternatives proposed by PacifiCorp. PacifiCorp is prepared to meet and
implement the federal agencies’ terms and conditions as part of the project’s
relicensing. However, PacifiCorp expects to continue in settlement discussions
with various parties in the Klamath Basin area who have intervened with the FERC
licensing proceeding to try to achieve a mutually acceptable outcome for the
project.
Also, as
part of the relicensing process, the FERC is required to perform an
environmental review. In September 2006, the FERC issued its draft
environmental impact statement on the Klamath hydroelectric project license.
PacifiCorp filed comments on the draft statement by the close of the public
comment period on December 1, 2006. Subsequently, in November 2007,
the FERC issued its final environmental impact statement. The United States Fish
and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service issued final
biological opinions in December 2007 analyzing the hydroelectric project’s
impact on endangered species under the proposed new FERC license. The United
States Fish and Wildlife Service asserts the hydroelectric project is currently
not covered by previously issued biological opinions, and that consultation
under the Endangered Species Act is required by the issuance of annual license
renewals. PacifiCorp disputes these assertions, and believes federal case law is
clear that consultation on annual FERC licenses is not required. PacifiCorp
will need to obtain water quality certifications from Oregon and California
prior to the FERC issuing a final license. PacifiCorp currently has applications
pending before each state.
91
In the
relicensing of the Klamath hydroelectric project, PacifiCorp had incurred
$48 million and $42 million in costs at December 31, 2007 and
2006, respectively, which are reflected in Construction work-in-progress in the
Consolidated Balance Sheets. While the costs of implementing new license
provisions cannot be determined until such time as a new license is issued, such
costs could be material.
FERC
Issues
California
Refund Case
In
June 2007, the FERC approved PacifiCorp’s settlement and release of claims
agreement (“Settlement”) with Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Southern
California Edison Company, San Diego Gas & Electric Company, the People of
the State of California, ex rel. Edmund G. Brown Jr., Attorney
General, the California Electricity Oversight Board, and the California Public
Utilities Commission (collectively, the “California Parties”), certain of which
purchased energy in the California Independent System Operator (“ISO”) and the
California Power Exchange (“PX”) markets during past periods of high energy
prices in 2000 and 2001. The Settlement, which was executed by PacifiCorp in
April 2007, settles claims brought by the California Parties against
PacifiCorp for refunds and remedies in numerous related proceedings (together,
the “FERC Proceedings”), as well as certain potential civil claims, arising from
events and transactions in Western United States energy markets during the
period January 2000 through June 2001 (the “Refund Period”). Under the
Settlement, PacifiCorp made cash payments to escrows controlled by the
California Parties in the amount of $16 million in April 2007, and
upon FERC approval of the agreement in June 2007, PacifiCorp allowed the PX
to release an additional $12 million to such escrows, which represented
PacifiCorp’s estimated unpaid receivable from the transactions in the PX and ISO
markets during the Refund Period, plus interest. The monies held in escrow are
for distribution to buyers from the ISO and PX markets that purchased power
during the Refund Period. The agreement provides for the release of claims by
the California Parties (as well as additional parties that join in the
Settlement) against PacifiCorp for refunds, disgorgement of profits, or other
monetary or non-monetary remedies in the FERC Proceedings, and provides a mutual
release of claims for civil damages and equitable relief.
Northwest
Refund Case
In
June 2003, the FERC terminated its proceeding relating to the possibility
of requiring refunds for wholesale spot-market bilateral sales in the Pacific
Northwest between December 2000 and June 2001. The FERC concluded that
ordering refunds would not be an appropriate resolution of the matter. In
November 2003, the FERC issued its final order denying rehearing. Several
market participants filed petitions in the United States Court of Appeals for
the Ninth Circuit (the “Ninth Circuit”) for review of the FERC’s final
order. In August 2007, the Ninth Circuit issued its order on this appeal,
concluding that the FERC failed to adequately explain how it considered or
examined new evidence showing intentional market manipulation in California and
its potential ties to the Pacific Northwest and that the FERC should not have
excluded from the Pacific Northwest refund proceeding purchases of energy made
by the California Energy Resources Scheduling (“CERS”) division in the Pacific
Northwest spot market. The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to the FERC to
(i) address the new market manipulation evidence in detail and account for
it in any future orders regarding the award or denial of refunds in the
proceedings, (ii) include sales to CERS in its analysis, and
(iii) further consider its refund decision in light of related, intervening
opinions of the court. The Ninth Circuit offered no opinion on the FERC’s
findings based on the record established by the administrative law judge and did
not rule on the merits of the FERC’s November 2003 decision to deny
refunds. Due to the remand, PacifiCorp cannot predict the impact of this ruling
at this time.
92
(16) Guarantees
and Other Commitments
Guarantees
PacifiCorp
is generally required to obtain state regulatory commission approval prior to
guaranteeing debt or obligations of other parties. The following represent the
indemnification obligations of PacifiCorp at December 31,
2007.
PacifiCorp
has made certain commitments related to the decommissioning or reclamation of
certain jointly owned facilities and mine sites. The decommissioning commitments
require PacifiCorp to pay a proportionate share of the decommissioning costs
based upon percentage of ownership. The mine reclamation commitments require
PacifiCorp to pay the mining entity a proportionate share of the mine’s
reclamation costs based on the amount of coal purchased by PacifiCorp. In the
event of default by any of the other joint participants, PacifiCorp potentially
may be obligated to absorb, directly or by paying additional sums to the entity,
a proportionate share of the defaulting party’s liability. PacifiCorp has
recorded its estimated share of the decommissioning and reclamation
commitments.
In
connection with the sale of PacifiCorp’s Montana service territory, PacifiCorp
entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Flathead Electric Cooperative in
October 1998. Under the agreement, PacifiCorp agreed to indemnify Flathead
Electric Cooperative for losses, if any, occurring after the closing date and
arising as a result of certain breaches of warranty or covenants. The
indemnification has a cap of $10 million until October 2008 and a cap
of $5 million thereafter (less expended costs to date). Two indemnity
claims relating to environmental issues have been tendered, but remediation
costs for these claims, if any, are not expected to be material.
Unconditional
Purchase Obligations (in millions)
Payments
Due During the Year Ending December 31,
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008
|
2009
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Construction
|
$ | 342 | $ | 6 | $ | 1 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 349 | ||||||||||||||
Operating
leases
|
9 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 35 | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchased
electricity
|
734 | 487 | 414 | 256 | 182 | 1,874 | 3,947 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Transmission
|
61 | 64 | 60 | 54 | 47 | 404 | 690 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fuel
|
607 | 531 | 445 | 276 | 118 | 1,104 | 3,081 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
187 | 121 | 125 | 111 | 63 | 1,030 | 1,637 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total
commitments
|
$ | 1,940 | $ | 1,213 | $ | 1,049 | $ | 700 | $ | 413 | $ | 4,447 | $ | 9,762 |
Construction
PacifiCorp
has an ongoing construction program to meet increased electricity usage,
customer growth and system reliability objectives. At December 31, 2007,
PacifiCorp had estimated long-term unconditional purchase obligations related to
the construction of five new wind plants.
Operating
Leases
PacifiCorp
leases offices, certain operating facilities, land and equipment under operating
leases that expire at various dates through the year ending December 31,
2092. Certain leases contain renewal options for varying periods and escalation
clauses for adjusting rent to reflect changes in price indices. These leases
generally require PacifiCorp to pay for insurance, taxes and maintenance
applicable to the leased property. Excluded from the operating lease payments
above are any power purchase agreements that meet the definition of an operating
lease.
Net rent
expense was $24 million during the year ended December 31, 2007;
$19 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006; and
$29 million during the year ended March 31, 2006.
Minimum
non-cancelable sublease rent payments expected to be received through the year
ended December 31, 2018 total $21 million.
93
Purchased
Electricity
As part
of its energy resource portfolio, PacifiCorp acquires a portion of its
electricity through long-term purchases and/or exchange agreements. Included in
the purchased electricity payments above are any power purchase agreements that
meet the definition of an operating lease.
Included
in the minimum fixed annual payments for purchased electricity above are
commitments to purchase electricity from several hydroelectric projects under
long-term arrangements with public utility districts. These purchases are made
on a “cost-of-service” basis for a stated percentage of project output and for a
like percentage of project operating expenses and debt service. These costs are
included in Energy costs in the Consolidated Statements of Income. PacifiCorp is
required to pay its portion of operating costs and its portion of the debt
service, whether or not any electricity is produced.
At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp’s share of long-term arrangements with public
utility districts was as follows (in millions):
Year
Contract
|
Nameplate
|
Percentage
|
Annual
|
||||||||||
Expires
|
(MW)
|
of
Output
|
Costs
(a)
|
||||||||||
Generating
Facility:
|
|||||||||||||
Wanapum
|
2009
|
194 | 19 | % | $ | 10 | |||||||
Rocky
Reach
|
2011
|
69 | 5 | 4 | |||||||||
Priest
Rapids
|
2045
|
63 | 7 | 3 | |||||||||
Wells
|
2018
|
53 | 7 | 3 | |||||||||
Total
|
379 | $ | 20 |
(a)
|
Includes
debt service totaling
$11 million.
|
PacifiCorp’s
minimum debt service and estimated operating obligations included in purchased
electricity above for the years ending December 31 are as follows
(in millions):
Minimum
|
Operating
|
|||||||
Debt
Service
|
Obligations
|
|||||||
2008
|
$ | 11 | $ | 12 | ||||
2009
|
11 | 12 | ||||||
2010
|
5 | 6 | ||||||
2011
|
5 | 6 | ||||||
2012
|
3 | 4 | ||||||
Thereafter
|
64 | 122 | ||||||
$ | 99 | $ | 162 |
PacifiCorp
has a 4% entitlement to the generation of the Intermountain Power Project,
located in central Utah, through a power purchase agreement. PacifiCorp and the
City of Los Angeles have agreed that the City of Los Angeles will purchase
capacity and energy from PacifiCorp’s 4% entitlement of the Intermountain Power
Project at a price equivalent to 4% of the expenses and debt service of the
project.
Fuel
PacifiCorp
has “take or pay” coal and natural gas contracts that require minimum
payments.
94
Other
Unconditional
purchase obligations, as defined by accounting standards, are those long-term
commitments that are non-cancelable or cancelable only under certain conditions.
PacifiCorp has such commitments related to legal or contractual asset retirement
obligations, environmental obligations, hydroelectric obligations, equipment
maintenance and various other service and maintenance agreements. Also included
are contributions expected to be made to the PacifiCorp Retirement Plan during
the year ending December 31, 2008 as disclosed in Note 18
below.
(17) Variable-Interest
Entities
PacifiCorp
holds an undivided interest in 50% of the 474-MW Hermiston plant (refer to
Note 21), procures 100% of the fuel input into the plant and subsequently
receives 100% of the generated electricity, 50% of which is acquired through a
long-term power purchase agreement. As a result, PacifiCorp holds a
variable-interest in the joint owner of the remaining 50% of the plant and is
the primary beneficiary. However, upon adoption of FIN 46R, PacifiCorp was
unable to obtain the information necessary to consolidate the entity, because
the entity did not agree to supply the information due to the lack of a
contractual obligation to do so. PacifiCorp continues to request from the entity
the information necessary to perform the consolidation; however, no information
has yet been provided by the entity. Cost of the electricity purchased from the
joint owner was $36 million during the year ended December 31, 2007;
$26 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006; and
$35 million during the year ended March 31, 2006. The entity is
operated by the equity owners, and PacifiCorp has no risk of loss in relation to
the entity in the event of a disaster.
(18) Employee Benefit Plans
PacifiCorp
sponsors defined benefit pension plans that cover the majority of its employees
and also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits
through various plans for eligible retirees. In addition, PacifiCorp sponsors an
employee savings plan.
As a
result of the sale of PacifiCorp to MEHC, plan participants that were employees
or retirees of certain ScottishPower affiliates and a former PacifiCorp mining
subsidiary ceased to participate in PacifiCorp’s plans. This separation resulted
in a net $4 million reduction in Common shareholder’s equity during the
year ended March 31, 2006.
Pension
and Other Postretirement Plans
PacifiCorp’s
pension plans include a non-contributory defined benefit pension plan, the
PacifiCorp Retirement Plan (the “Retirement Plan”); the Supplemental
Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”); and certain multi-employer and
joint trust union plans to which PacifiCorp contributes on behalf of certain
bargaining units. Benefits for union employees covered under the Retirement Plan
are based on the employee’s years of service and average monthly pay in the
60 consecutive months of highest pay out of the last 120 months, with
adjustments to reflect benefits estimated to be received from social
security.
Effective
June 1, 2007, PacifiCorp switched from a traditional final average pay
formula for the Retirement Plan to a cash balance formula for its non-union
employees. As a result of the change, benefits under the traditional final
average pay formula were frozen as of May 31, 2007 for non-union employees,
and PacifiCorp’s pension liability and regulatory assets each decreased by
$111 million. Non-union employees hired on or after January 1, 2008
will not be eligible to participate in PacifiCorp’s Retirement Plan. These
non-union employees will be eligible to receive enhanced benefits under
PacifiCorp’s defined contribution plan.
Effective
December 31, 2007, Local Union No. 659 of the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (“Local 659”) elected to cease
participation in the Retirement Plan and participate only in PacifiCorp’s
defined contribution plan with enhanced benefits. As a result of this election,
the Local 659 participants’ benefits were frozen as of December 31,
2007.
95
The cost
of other postretirement benefits, including health care and life insurance
benefits for eligible retirees, is accrued over the active service period of
employees. PacifiCorp funds these other postretirement benefits through a
combination of funding vehicles. PacifiCorp also contributes to joint trust
union plans for postretirement benefits offered to certain bargaining
units.
Plan
assets and benefit obligations are measured three months prior to PacifiCorp’s
fiscal year end. Accordingly, plan assets and benefit obligations were measured
as of September 30. The market-related value of plan assets, among other
factors, is used to determine expected return on plan assets. The market-related
value of plan assets is calculated by spreading the difference between expected
and actual investment returns over a five-year period beginning after the first
year in which they occur. As differences between expected and actual investment
returns are recognized, they are included in the Amortization of prior year loss
component of Net periodic benefit cost.
Net
periodic benefit cost for the pension, including the SERP, and other
postretirement benefit plans included the following
components (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
|||||||||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Service
cost (a)
|
$ | 29 | $ | 22 | $ | 31 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | $ | 9 | ||||||||||||
Interest
cost
|
71 | 56 | 74 | 33 | 25 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
(68 | ) | (54 | ) | (77 | ) | (26 | ) | (19 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net
amortization
|
23 | 23 | 31 | 19 | 15 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost
of termination benefits
|
1 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Curtailment
loss
|
- | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Net
periodic benefit cost
|
$ | 56 | $ | 50 | $ | 62 | $ | 33 | $ | 28 | $ | 30 |
(a)
|
Service
cost excludes $12 million of contributions to the multi-employer and
joint trust union plans during the year ended December 31, 2007,
$6 million during the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006
and $1 million during the year ended March 31,
2006.
|
The
following table is a reconciliation of the fair value of plan assets as of the
end of the period (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, beginning of
period
|
$ | 884 | $ | 825 | $ | 318 | $ | 292 | ||||||||
Employer
contributions
|
80 | 79 | 46 | 30 | ||||||||||||
Participant
contributions
|
- | - | 11 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Actual
return on plan assets
|
118 | 56 | 46 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Benefits
paid
|
(119 | ) | (76 | ) | (43 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, end of period
|
$ | 963 | $ | 884 | $ | 378 | $ | 318 | ||||||||
96
The SERP
has no plan assets; however, PacifiCorp has a Rabbi trust that holds
corporate-owned life insurance and other investments to provide funding for the
future cash requirements of the SERP. The cash surrender value of all of the
policies included in the Rabbi trust, net of amounts borrowed against the cash
surrender value, plus the fair market value of other Rabbi trust investments,
was $40 million and $39 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively. These assets are not included in the plan assets in the above
table. The portion of the pension plans’ projected benefit obligation, included
in the table below, related to the SERP was $52 million and
$54 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The
following table is a reconciliation of the benefit obligations at the end of the
period (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||
Benefit
obligation, beginning of period
|
$ | 1,333 | $ | 1,342 | $ | 566 | $ | 582 | ||||||||
Service
cost
|
29 | 22 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Interest
cost
|
71 | 56 | 33 | 25 | ||||||||||||
Participant
contributions
|
- | - | 11 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Plan
amendments
|
(130 | ) | - | - | - | |||||||||||
Actuarial
gain
|
(74 | ) | (13 | ) | (40 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||||||
Benefits
paid
|
(119 | ) | (76 | ) | (43 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||||
Cost
of termination benefits
|
1 | 2 | - | - | ||||||||||||
Medicare
Part D subsidy
|
- | - | 2 | - | ||||||||||||
Benefit
obligation, end of period
|
$ | 1,111 | $ | 1,333 | $ | 536 | $ | 566 | ||||||||
Accumulated
benefit obligation as of the measurement date
|
$ | 1,061 | $ | 1,165 |
The
SERP’s accumulated benefit obligation totaled $52 million and
$53 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
97
The
funded status of the plans and the amounts recognized in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets are as follows (in millions):
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||
Plan
assets at fair value, end of period
|
$ | 963 | $ | 884 | $ | 378 | $ | 318 | ||||||||
Less
- Benefit obligation, end of period
|
1,111 | 1,333 | 536 | 566 | ||||||||||||
Funded
status
|
(148 | ) | (449 | ) | (158 | ) | (248 | ) | ||||||||
Contributions
after the measurement date but before year-end
|
- | - | 12 | 27 | ||||||||||||
Amounts
recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
$ | (148 | ) | $ | (449 | ) | $ | (146 | ) | $ | (221 | ) | ||||
Amounts
recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
|
||||||||||||||||
Other
current liabilities
|
$ | (4 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
Pension
and other post employment liabilities
|
(144 | ) | (445 | ) | (146 | ) | (221 | ) | ||||||||
Amounts
recognized
|
$ | (148 | ) | $ | (449 | ) | $ | (146 | ) | $ | (221 | ) | ||||
Amounts
not yet recognized as components of net periodic benefit
cost:
|
||||||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
$ | 250 | $ | 400 | $ | 45 | $ | 109 | ||||||||
Prior
service cost (credit)
|
(115 | ) | 9 | 17 | 20 | |||||||||||
Net
transition obligation
|
3 | 5 | 60 | 72 | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 138 | $ | 414 | $ | 122 | $ | 201 |
A
reconciliation of the amounts not yet recognized as components of net periodic
benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2007 is as follows
(in millions):
Accumulated
|
||||||||||||
Other
|
||||||||||||
Regulatory
|
Comprehensive
|
|||||||||||
Asset
|
Income
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Pension
|
||||||||||||
Balance,
beginning of year
|
$ | 405 | $ | 9 | $ | 414 | ||||||
Prior
service cost arising during the year
|
(129 | ) | (1 | ) | (130 | ) | ||||||
Net
gain arising during the year
|
(121 | ) | (2 | ) | (123 | ) | ||||||
Net
amortization
|
(23 | ) | - | (23 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
(273 | ) | (3 | ) | (276 | ) | ||||||
Balance,
end of year
|
$ | 132 | $ | 6 | $ | 138 | ||||||
Deferred
|
||||||||||||
Regulatory
|
Income
|
|||||||||||
Asset
|
Taxes
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Other
Postretirement
|
||||||||||||
Balance,
beginning of year
|
$ | 161 | $ | 40 | $ | 201 | ||||||
Net
gain arising during the year
|
(47 | ) | (13 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||
Net
amortization
|
(19 | ) | - | (19 | ) | |||||||
Total
|
(66 | ) | (13 | ) | (79 | ) | ||||||
Balance,
end of year
|
$ | 95 | $ | 27 | $ | 122 | ||||||
98
The net
loss, prior service cost and net transition obligation that will be amortized in
2008 into net periodic benefit cost are estimated to be as follows
(in millions):
Net
|
Prior Service
|
Net Transition
|
||||||||||||||
Loss
|
Cost
|
Obligation
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||
Pension
benefits
|
$ | 17 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | 3 | $ | 7 | |||||||
Other
postretirement benefits
|
- | 3 | 12 | 15 | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 17 | $ | (10 | ) | $ | 15 | $ | 22 |
Plan Assumptions
Assumptions
used to determine benefit obligations and net benefit cost were as
follows:
Pension
|
Other
Postretirement
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Nine-Month
|
Nine-Month
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
|||||||||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Benefit
obligations as of the measurement date:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
6.30 | % | 5.85 | % | 5.75 | % | 6.45 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | ||||||||||||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
Net
benefit cost for the period ended:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discount
rate
|
5.76 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.75 | % | 5.75 | % | ||||||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
8.00 | 8.50 | 8.75 | 8.00 | 8.50 | 8.75 | ||||||||||||||||||
Rate
of compensation increase
|
4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Assumed
health care cost trend rates as of the measurement date:
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Health
care cost trend rate assumed for next year - under 65
|
9 | % | 10 | % | 10 | % | ||||||
Health
care cost trend rate assumed for next year - over 65
|
7 | 8 | 10 | |||||||||
Rate
that the cost trend rate gradually declines to
|
5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
Year that rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at - under
65
|
2012
|
2012
|
2011
|
|||||||||
Year that rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain at - over
65
|
2010
|
2010
|
2011
|
Assumed
health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported
for the health care plans. A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care
cost trend rates would have the following effects
(in millions):
Increase
(Decrease) in Expense
|
||||||||
One
Percentage-Point
|
One
Percentage-Point
|
|||||||
Increase
|
Decrease
|
|||||||
Effect
on total service and interest cost
|
$ | 3 | $ | (2 | ) | |||
Effect
on other postretirement benefit obligation
|
40 | (33 | ) |
99
Contributions
and Benefit Payments
Employer
contributions to the pension and other postretirement benefit plans are expected
to be approximately $70 million and $27 million, respectively, for
2008. Also during 2008, PacifiCorp expects to contribute approximately
$12 million to the joint trust union plans.
Retirement
Plan costs are funded annually by at least the minimum required amount but by no
more than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax
purposes. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 changes funding rules beginning in
2008 and may have the effect of making minimum pension funding requirements more
volatile than they have been historically. Accordingly, PacifiCorp continually
evaluates its funding strategies. PacifiCorp’s policy is to contribute to its
other postretirement benefit plan an amount equal to the net periodic
cost.
PacifiCorp’s
expected benefit payments to participants for its pension and other
postretirement plans for 2008 through 2012 and for the five years thereafter are
summarized below (in millions):
Projected
Benefit Payments
|
||||||||||||||||
Other
Postretirement
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension
|
Gross
|
Medicare Subsidy
|
Net
of Subsidy
|
|||||||||||||
2008
|
$ | 89 | $ | 38 | $ | 3 | $ | 35 | ||||||||
2009
|
86 | 39 | 4 | 35 | ||||||||||||
2010
|
91 | 40 | 4 | 36 | ||||||||||||
2011
|
92 | 42 | 4 | 38 | ||||||||||||
2012
|
99 | 42 | 5 | 37 | ||||||||||||
2013
– 2017
|
535 | 232 | 31 | 201 |
Investment
Policy and Asset Allocation
The
Retirement Plan and other postretirement plan assets are managed and invested in
accordance with all applicable requirements, including the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act and the Internal Revenue Code. PacifiCorp employs an
investment approach that primarily uses a mix of equities and fixed-income
investments to maximize the long-term return of plan assets at a prudent level
of risk. Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan
liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The
investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of primarily equity,
fixed-income and other alternative investments as shown in the table below.
Equity investments are diversified across United States and foreign stocks, as
well as growth and value companies, and small and large market capitalizations.
Fixed-income investments are diversified across United States and foreign bonds.
Other assets, such as private equity investments, are used to enhance long-term
returns while improving portfolio diversification. PacifiCorp primarily
minimizes the risk of large losses through diversification but also monitors and
manages other aspects of risk through quarterly investment portfolio reviews,
annual liability measurements and periodic asset/liability studies.
100
The
assets for other postretirement benefits are composed of three different trust
accounts. The 401(h) account is invested in the same manner as the assets of the
Retirement Plan. Each of the two Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiaries Association
Trusts has its own investment allocation strategies.
PacifiCorp’s
asset allocation was as follows:
Voluntary
Employees’
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pension
& Other Postretirement
|
Beneficiaries
Association Trust
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
Target
|
2007
|
2006
|
Target
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Equity
securities
|
56 | % | 58 | % | 53 – 57 | % | 64 | % | 65 | % | 63 – 67 | % | ||||||||||||
Debt
securities
|
35 | 35 | 33 – 37 | 36 | 35 | 33 – 37 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
9 | 7 | 8 – 12 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
Defined
Contribution Plan
PacifiCorp’s
employee savings plan qualifies as a tax-deferred arrangement under the Internal
Revenue Code and covers substantially all employees. PacifiCorp’s contributions
to the employee savings plan were $19 million during the year ended
December 31, 2007, $16 million during the nine-month period ended
December 31, 2006 and $23 million during the year ended March 31,
2006.
Severance
PacifiCorp
has undertaken a review of its organization and workforce. As a result of the
review, PacifiCorp incurred severance expense of $4 million during the year
ended December 31, 2007, $31 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006 and $17 million during the year ended
March 31, 2006.
(19) Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
The
carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables, accrued
liabilities and short-term borrowings approximate fair value because of the
short-term maturity of these instruments. Derivative instruments are recorded at
their fair values, which are based upon published market indexes as adjusted for
other market factors such as location pricing differences or internally
developed models. Substantially all investments are carried at their fair
values, which are based on quoted market prices.
The fair
value of PacifiCorp’s fixed-rate long-term debt, current maturities of long-term
debt and preferred stock subject to mandatory redemption has been estimated
based on quoted market prices. The carrying amount of variable-rate long-term
debt approximates fair value because of the frequent repricing of these
instruments at market rates. The following table presents the carrying amount
and estimated fair value of PacifiCorp’s long-term debt and preferred stock
subject to mandatory redemption, including the current portion
(in millions):
December 31,
2007
|
December 31,
2006
|
|||||||||||||||
Carrying
|
Fair
|
Carrying
|
Fair
|
|||||||||||||
Amount
|
Value
|
Amount
|
Value
|
|||||||||||||
Long-term
debt
|
$ | 5,118 | $ | 5,350 | $ | 4,044 | $ | 4,243 | ||||||||
Preferred
stock subject to mandatory redemption
|
- | - | 38 | 38 |
101
(20) Related-Party
Transactions
Transactions
while owned by MEHC
As
discussed in Note 1, PacifiCorp was acquired by a subsidiary of MEHC on
March 21, 2006. The following describes PacifiCorp’s transactions and
balances with unconsolidated related parties while owned by MEHC.
In the
ordinary course of business, PacifiCorp engages in various transactions with
several of its affiliated companies. Services provided by PacifiCorp and charged
to affiliates related primarily to the administrative services, financial
statement preparation and direct-assigned employees. These receivables were
$- million at December 31, 2007 and $1 million at
December 31, 2006. Services provided by affiliates and charged to
PacifiCorp related primarily to the transport of natural gas, relocation
services, and administrative services provided under the intercompany
administrative services agreement among MEHC and its affiliates. These payables
were $2 million at December 31, 2007 and $1 million at
December 31, 2006. These expenses totaled $14 million during the year
ended December 31, 2007 and $8 million during the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006.
PacifiCorp
has long-term transportation contracts with the Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Railway (“BNSF”), in which PacifiCorp’s ultimate parent company,
Berkshire Hathaway, acquired a 17% ownership interest during 2007. At
December 31, 2007, PacifiCorp had $2 million of accounts payable to
BNSF outstanding under these contracts, including indirect payables related to a
jointly owned plant. Transportation costs under these contracts were
$31 million during the year ended December 31, 2007.
Effective
March 21, 2006, PacifiCorp began participating in a captive insurance
program provided by MEHC Insurance Services Ltd. (“MISL”), a wholly owned
subsidiary of MEHC. MISL covers all or significant portions of the property
damage and liability insurance deductibles in many of PacifiCorp’s current
policies, as well as overhead distribution and transmission line property
damage. PacifiCorp has no equity interest in MISL and has no obligation to
contribute equity or loan funds to MISL. Premium amounts are established based
on a combination of actuarial assessments and market rates to cover loss claims,
administrative expenses and appropriate reserves, but as a result of regulatory
commitments are capped through December 31, 2010. Certain costs associated
with the program are prepaid and amortized over the policy coverage period
expiring March 20, 2008. Prepayments to MISL were $2 million at
December 31, 2007 and $2 million at December 31, 2006.
Receivables for claims were $11 million at December 31, 2007 and
$8 million at December 31, 2006. Premium expenses were $7 million
during the year ended December 31, 2007, $6 million during the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006 and $- million during the
period March 21, 2006 through March 31, 2006.
PacifiCorp
is party to a tax-sharing agreement and is part of the Berkshire Hathaway
consolidated tax return. As of December 31, 2007, Amounts due from
affiliates included $23 million of income taxes receivable from
PacifiCorp’s parent company. As of December 31, 2006, Amounts due from
affiliates included $44 million of income taxes receivable from
PacifiCorp’s parent company.
Transactions
while owned by ScottishPower
Under
ScottishPower ownership, PacifiCorp engaged in various transactions with several
of its former affiliated companies pursuant to ScottishPower’s affiliated
interest cross-charge policy. Revenues from these former affiliates related
primarily to wheeling services and totaled $8 million for the year ended
March 31, 2006. Services provided by PacifiCorp and recharged to these
former affiliates related primarily to administrative services, costs associated
with retention agreements and severance benefits reimbursed by ScottishPower,
and payroll costs and related benefits of PacifiCorp employees working on
international assignment in the United Kingdom. These charges totaled
$14 million for the year ended March 31, 2006. Services provided by
former affiliates and recharged to PacifiCorp related primarily to lease
payments, captive insurance, administrative services and payroll costs and
related benefits of ScottishPower employees working on international assignment
in the United States. These expenses totaled $45 million for the year ended
March 31, 2006.
102
(21) Jointly
Owned Utility Plants
Under
joint plant ownership agreements with other utilities, PacifiCorp, as a tenant
in common, has undivided interests in jointly owned generation and transmission
plants. PacifiCorp accounts for its proportional share of each plant. Operating
costs of each plant are assigned to joint owners based on ownership percentage
or energy purchased, depending on the nature of the cost. Operating expenses in
the Consolidated Statements of Income include PacifiCorp’s share of the expenses
of these units.
The
amounts shown in the table below represent PacifiCorp’s share in each jointly
owned plant at December 31, 2007
(dollars in millions):
Plant
|
Accumulated
|
Construction
|
||||||||||||||
PacifiCorp
|
in
|
Depreciation/
|
Work-in-
|
|||||||||||||
Share
|
Service
|
Amortization
|
Progress
|
|||||||||||||
Jim
Bridger Nos. 1 - 4 (a)
|
67 | % | $ | 965 | $ | 482 | $ | 13 | ||||||||
Wyodak
(a)
|
80 | 329 | 168 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Hunter
No. 1
|
94 | 304 | 146 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Colstrip
Nos. 3 and 4 (a)
|
10 | 243 | 118 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Hunter
No. 2
|
60 | 192 | 87 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Hermiston
(b)
|
50 | 170 | 37 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Craig
Nos. 1 and 2
|
19 | 167 | 77 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Hayden
No. 1
|
25 | 44 | 20 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Foote
Creek
|
79 | 37 | 13 | - | ||||||||||||
Hayden
No. 2
|
13 | 27 | 14 | - | ||||||||||||
Other
transmission and distribution plants
|
Various
|
80 | 20 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 2,558 | $ | 1,182 | $ | 23 |
(a)
|
Includes
transmission lines and substations.
|
(b)
|
Additionally,
PacifiCorp has contracted to purchase the remaining 50% of the output of
the Hermiston plant. Refer to Note 17 for further
discussion.
|
Under the
joint ownership agreements, each participating utility is responsible for
financing its share of construction, operating and leasing costs. PacifiCorp’s
portion is recorded in its applicable construction work-in-progress, operations,
maintenance and tax accounts, which is consistent with wholly owned
plants.
(22) Supplemental
Cash Flow Information
A summary
of supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table
(in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
Year
Ended
|
||||||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
March 31,
|
||||||||||
2007
|
2006
|
2006
|
||||||||||
Income
taxes paid
|
$ | 151 | $ | 121 | $ | 140 | ||||||
Interest
paid, net of amounts capitalized
|
$ | 251 | $ | 192 | $ | 240 |
103
(23) Unaudited
Quarterly Operating Results (in millions)
Three-Month
Periods Ended
|
||||||||||||||||
March 31,
|
June 30,
|
September 30,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||||||||
2007
|
2007
|
2007
|
2007
|
|||||||||||||
Revenues
|
$ | 1,027 | $ | 1,026 | $ | 1,137 | $ | 1,068 | ||||||||
Income
from operations
|
201 | 201 | 269 | 217 | ||||||||||||
Net
income
|
99 | 105 | 135 | 100 | ||||||||||||
Three-Month
Periods Ended
|
||||||||||||||||
June 30,
|
September 30,
|
December 31,
|
||||||||||||||
2006
|
2006
|
2006
|
|
|||||||||||||
Revenues
|
$ | 860 | $ | 1,097 | $ | 967 | ||||||||||
Income
from operations
|
122 | 132 | 161 | |||||||||||||
Net
income
|
43 | 59 | 59 |
104
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN
AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND
PROCEDURES
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
At the
end of the period covered by this Annual Report Form 10-K, PacifiCorp
carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of
PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (principal
executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial
officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of PacifiCorp’s
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)
promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based
upon that evaluation, PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive
Officer (principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal
financial officer), concluded that PacifiCorp’s disclosure controls and
procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information
relating to PacifiCorp required to be included in PacifiCorp’s periodic SEC
filings. There has been no change in PacifiCorp’s internal control over
financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2007 that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, PacifiCorp’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Management's
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management
of PacifiCorp is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in the Securities
Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the
participation of PacifiCorp’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer) and the Chief Financial Officer (principal
financial officer), PacifiCorp’s management conducted an evaluation of the
effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007 as required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Rule 13a-15(c). In making this assessment, PacifiCorp’s management used the
criteria set forth in the framework in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework”
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Based on the evaluation conducted under the framework in “Internal Control –
Integrated Framework,” PacifiCorp’s management concluded that PacifiCorp's
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31,
2007.
This
report does not include an attestation report of PacifiCorp’s registered public
accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s report was not subject to attestation by PacifiCorp’s registered
public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit
PacifiCorp to provide only management's report in this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
PacifiCorp
February
21, 2008
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
105
PART
III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Board
of Directors appoints executive officers annually. There are no family
relationships among the executive officers, nor any arrangements or
understandings between any executive officer and any other person pursuant to
which the executive officer was appointed. Set forth below is certain
information, as of January 31, 2008, with respect to each of the current
directors and executive officers of PacifiCorp:
Gregory E. Abel, 45, Chairman
of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Abel was elected
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors in
March 2006. Mr. Abel is also the President and Chief Operating Officer
and a director of MEHC. Mr. Abel joined MEHC in 1992.
Douglas L. Anderson, 49,
Director. Mr. Anderson has been a director since March 2006. He is the
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of MEHC.
Mr. Anderson joined MEHC in 1993.
Brent E. Gale, 56, Director.
Mr. Gale has been a director since March 2006. He was appointed Senior
Vice President of Regulation and Legislation of MEHC in March 2006.
Previously, Mr. Gale had been Senior Vice President of MidAmerican Energy
Company, a MEHC subsidiary, since July 2004. He has served in various
legal, regulatory legislative and strategic positions with MEHC and its
predecessors since 1976.
Patrick J. Goodman, 41,
Director. Mr. Goodman has been a director since March 2006. He was
appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of MEHC in 1999.
Mr. Goodman joined MEHC in 1995.
Natalie L. Hocken, 38,
Director. Ms. Hocken was elected director in August 2007. She has served as
Vice President and General Counsel of Pacific Power, a division of PacifiCorp,
since January 2007. Prior to that, she served as Assistant General Counsel
and Senior Counsel for PacifiCorp. Ms. Hocken joined PacifiCorp in
2002.
A. Robert Lasich, 48,
President, PacifiCorp Energy and Director. Mr. Lasich was elected President
of PacifiCorp Energy, a division of PacifiCorp in August 2007. He joined
PacifiCorp as Vice President and General Counsel, PacifiCorp Energy, and was
elected director in March 2006. Previously he served as Vice President of
MEHC with responsibility for integration and transition matters related to the
acquisition of PacifiCorp since July 2005. Prior to that, Mr. Lasich
was Vice President of Gas Supply and Trading for MidAmerican Energy Company
since August 2004. He joined MidAmerican Energy Company in
1997.
David J. Mendez, 40, Senior
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director. Mr. Mendez was
appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in August 2006
and elected director in August 2007. He joined PacifiCorp in 2002 as
External Reporting Director and was named Chief Accounting Officer a year later.
Prior to joining PacifiCorp, Mr. Mendez was a Senior Manager at
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. On February 8, 2008, Mr. Mendez resigned as a
director and officer of PacifiCorp effective February 29, 2008.
Mark C. Moench, 52, Director.
Mr. Moench was named PacifiCorp General Counsel in February 2007. He
joined PacifiCorp as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Rocky Mountain
Power, a division of PacifiCorp, and was elected director in March 2006. He
previously served as Senior Vice President, Law, of MEHC with responsibility for
regulatory approvals of the PacifiCorp acquisition since June 2005. Prior
to that, Mr. Moench was Vice President and General Counsel of Kern River
Gas Transmission Company since 2002.
R. Patrick Reiten, 46,
President, Pacific Power, and Director. Mr. Reiten was elected President of
Pacific Power and director in September 2006. Previously he served as
President and Chief Executive Officer of PNGC Power since 2002. Mr. Reiten
joined PNGC Power in 1993 serving as Director of Government Relations, then as
Vice President of Marketing and Public Affairs.
106
A. Richard Walje, 56,
President, Rocky Mountain Power, and Director. Mr. Walje was elected
President of Rocky Mountain Power in March 2006. He has been a director
since July 2001. Mr. Walje previously served as PacifiCorp’s Executive
Vice President since April 2004 and as Chief Information Officer since
May 2000. He also served as Senior Vice President of Corporate Business
Services from May 2001 to April 2004 and as Vice President for
Transmission and Distribution Operations and Customer Service from 1998 to 2000.
Mr. Walje has been with PacifiCorp since 1986.
Audit
Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
During
the year ended December 31, 2007, and as of the date of this Report,
PacifiCorp’s Board of Directors had no audit committee.
Because
PacifiCorp’s common stock is indirectly, wholly owned by MEHC, its Board of
Directors consists primarily of MEHC and PacifiCorp employees and it is not
required to have an audit committee. However, the audit committee of MEHC acts
as the audit committee for PacifiCorp.
Code
of Ethics
PacifiCorp
has adopted a code of ethics that applies to its principal executive officer,
its principal financial and accounting officer, or persons acting in such
capacities, and certain other covered officers. The code of ethics is
incorporated by reference in the exhibits to this Annual Report on
Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION
COMMITTEE REPORT
Mr. Abel,
our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and sole member of our Compensation
Committee, has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis
with management and, based on this review and discussion, has recommended to the
Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in
this Form 10-K.
COMPENSATION
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Compensation
Philosophy and Overall Objectives
We and
our parent company, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, or MEHC, believe that
the compensation paid to each of our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, our Chief
Financial Officer, or CFO, and our three other most highly compensated executive
officers, to whom we refer collectively as our Named Executive Officers, or
NEOs, should be closely aligned with our overall performance, and each NEO’s
contribution to that performance, on both a short- and long-term basis, and that
such compensation should be sufficient to attract and retain highly qualified
leaders who can create significant value for our organization. Our compensation
programs are designed to provide our NEOs meaningful incentives for superior
corporate and individual performance. Performance is evaluated on a subjective
basis within the context of both financial and non-financial objectives that we
believe contribute to our long-term success, and among which are financial
strength, customer service, operational excellence, employee commitment and
safety, environmental respect and regulatory integrity.
How
is Compensation Determined
Our
Compensation Committee consists solely of the Chairman of our Board of
Directors, Mr. Gregory E. Abel. Mr. Abel also serves as our CEO
and as MEHC’s President and Chief Operating Officer. He is employed by MEHC and
receives no direct compensation from us. Mr. Abel is responsible for the
establishment and oversight of our compensation policy for our NEOs and for
approving merit increases, incentive and performance awards, off-cycle pay
changes, and participation in other employee benefit plans and
programs.
107
Our
criteria for assessing executive performance and determining compensation in any
year is inherently subjective and is not based upon specific formulas or
weighting of factors. Given the uniqueness of each NEO’s duties, we do not
specifically use companies as benchmarks when initially establishing our NEOs’
compensation.
Discussion
and Analysis of Specific Compensation Elements
Base
Salary
We
determine base salaries for all of our NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, by
reviewing our overall performance and each NEO’s performance, the value each NEO
brings to us and general labor market conditions. While base salary provides a
base level of compensation intended to be competitive with the external market,
the annual base salary adjustment for each NEO, other than Mr. Abel, is
determined on a subjective basis after consideration of these factors and is not
based on target percentiles or other formal criteria. Annual merit increases are
approved by Mr. Abel. In 2007, base salaries for all NEOs, other than
Messrs. Abel and Lasich, increased on average by 3.5% and became effective
December 26, 2006. Also effective December 26, 2006, Mr. Lasich,
serving in his former role as Vice President and General Counsel of PacifiCorp
Energy, received a base salary increase of 17.2%. Mr. Lasich was appointed
President of PacifiCorp Energy in August 2007. An increase or decrease in
base pay may also result from a promotion or other significant change in a NEO’s
responsibilities during the year.
Short-Term
Incentive Compensation
The
objective of short-term incentive compensation is to reward the achievement of
significant annual corporate goals while also providing NEOs with competitive
total cash compensation.
Annual
Incentive Plan
Under our
Annual Incentive Plan, or AIP, all NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, are eligible
to earn an annual discretionary cash incentive award, which is determined on a
subjective basis and is not based on a specific formula or cap. Mr. Abel
establishes a target bonus opportunity, expressed as a percentage of base salary
and intended to reflect fully effective performance, for each of the other NEOs
prior to the beginning of each year. Awards paid to a NEO under the AIP are
based on a variety of measures linked to our overall performance and each NEO’s
contribution to that performance. An individual NEO’s performance is measured
against defined objectives that commonly include financial measures (e.g., net
income and cash flow) and non-financial measures (e.g., customer service,
operational excellence, employee commitment and safety, environmental respect
and regulatory integrity), as well as the NEO’s response to issues and
opportunities that arise during the year.
Performance
Awards
In addition to the annual awards under the AIP, we
may grant cash performance awards periodically during the year to one or more
NEOs to reward the accomplishment of significant non-recurring tasks or
projects. These awards are discretionary and approved by Mr. Abel. There
were no awards granted in 2007.
Long-Term
Incentive Compensation
The
objective of long-term incentive compensation is to retain NEOs, reward their
exceptional performance and motivate them to create long-term, sustainable
value. Our current long-term incentive compensation program is cash-based. Under
MEHC ownership, we do not utilize equity-based compensation, such as stock
option awards or equity incentive plan awards.
108
Long-Term
Incentive Partnership Plan
The MEHC
Long-Term Incentive Partnership Plan, or LTIP, is designed to retain key
employees and to align our interests and the interests of the participating
employees. Messrs. Mendez, Walje, Reiten and Lasich participate in our
LTIP, while Mr. Abel does not. Our LTIP provides for annual awards based
upon significant accomplishments by the individual participants and the
achievement of the financial and non-financial objectives previously described.
The goals are developed with the objective of being attainable with a sustained,
focused and concerted effort and are determined and communicated in January of
each plan year. Participation is discretionary and is determined by
Mr. Abel. Except for limited situations of extraordinary performance,
awards are capped at 1.5 times base salary. The value is finalized in the
first quarter of the following year. These cash-based awards are subject to
mandatory deferral and equal annual vesting over a five-year period starting in
the performance year. Participants allocate the value of their deferral accounts
among various investment alternatives, which are determined each year by a vote
of all participants. Gains or losses may be incurred based on the investment
performance. Participating NEOs may elect to defer all or part of the award or
receive payment in cash after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting
period. Vested balances (including any investment profits or losses thereon) of
terminating participants are paid at the time of termination.
Other
Employee Benefits
Supplemental
Executive Retirement Plan
The
PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, or SERP, provides additional
retirement benefits to participants. Mr. Walje was the only NEO who
participated in our SERP during 2007, and the plan is currently closed to any
new participants. The SERP provides monthly retirement benefits of 50% of final
average pay plus 1% of final average pay for each fiscal year that we meet
certain performance goals set for such fiscal year. The maximum benefit is 65%
of final average pay. A participant’s final average pay equals the
60 consecutive months of highest pay out of the last 120 months, and
pay for this purpose includes salary and annual incentive plan payments
reflected in the Summary Compensation Table below.
Deferred
Compensation Plan
Our
Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, or DCP, provides a means for all
NEOs, other than Mr. Abel, to make voluntary deferrals of up to 50% of base
salary and 100% of short-term incentive compensation awards. The deferrals and
any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis. Amounts deferred under the
DCP receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight
investment options offered under the DCP and selected by the participant and the
plan allows participants to choose from three forms of distribution. While the
plan allows us to make discretionary contributions, we have not made
contributions to date. We include the DCP as part of the participating NEO’s
overall compensation in order to provide a comprehensive, competitive
package.
109
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
2007
Summary Compensation
Table
The
following table sets forth information regarding compensation earned by each of
our NEOs during the years indicated:
Change
in
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pension
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Value
and
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Qualified
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Base
|
Compensation
|
All
Other
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Name
and Principal Position
|
Year
|
Salary
|
Bonus (b)
|
Earnings (c)
|
Compensation (d)
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel (a)
|
2007
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Chairman
and
|
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Chief
Executive Officer
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
David
J. Mendez (e)
|
2007
|
214,200 | 138,868 | 7,920 | 59,716 | 420,704 | |||||||||||||||
Senior
Vice President and
|
2006
|
147,635 | 158,488 | 6,903 | 86,707 | 399,733 | |||||||||||||||
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
2007
|
335,811 | 346,582 | 177,128 | 486,302 | 1,345,823 | |||||||||||||||
President,
Rocky Mountain
|
2006
|
248,108 | 377,106 | 168,501 | 177,982 | 971,697 | |||||||||||||||
Power
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
2007
|
250,000 | 330,838 | 3,484 | 2,083 | 586,405 | |||||||||||||||
President,
Pacific Power
|
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
2007
|
173,580 | 257,603 | 11,311 | 9,181 | 451,675 | |||||||||||||||
President,
PacifiCorp Energy
|
2006
|
- | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
(a)
|
Mr. Abel
receives no direct compensation from us. We reimburse MEHC for the cost of
Mr. Abel’s time spent on PacifiCorp matters, including compensation
paid to him by MEHC, pursuant to an intercompany administrative services
agreement among MEHC and its subsidiaries. Please refer to MEHC’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007
(File No. 001-14881) for executive compensation information for
Mr. Abel.
|
||||||||
(b)
|
Consists
of annual cash incentive awards earned pursuant to the AIP for our NEOs
and the vesting of LTIP awards and associated earnings for
Messrs. Mendez, Walje, Reiten and Lasich. The breakout for 2007 is as
follows:
|
||||||||
AIP
|
LTIP
|
||||||||
David
J. Mendez
|
$
75,000
|
$
63,868
|
($2,407
in investment profits)
|
||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
170,000
|
176,582
|
($7,521
in investment profits)
|
||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
170,000
|
160,838
|
($7,521
in investment profits)
|
||||||
A.
Robert Lasich (i)
|
170,000
|
87,603
|
($4,225
in investment profits)
|
||||||
(i)
|
Includes
amounts deferred pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan of $85,000 for
Mr. Lasich.
|
110
LTIP
awards are subject to mandatory deferral and equal annual vesting over a
five–year period starting in the performance year. Participants allocate
the value of their deferral accounts among various investment
alternatives, which are determined by a vote of all participants. Gains or
losses may be incurred based on the investment performance. Participating
NEOs may elect to defer all or a part of the award or receive payment in
cash after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period. Vested
balances (including any investment profits or losses thereon) of
terminating participants are paid at the time of termination. Because the
amounts to be paid out may increase or decrease depending on investment
performance, the ultimate payouts are undeterminable.
Net
income, the net income target goal and the matrix below were used in
determining the gross amount of the LTIP award available to Messrs. Mendez, Walje, Reiten, and
Lasich. Net income is subject to discretionary adjustment by the
CEO, President and Compensation Committee of MEHC. In 2007, the gross
award and per-point value were adjusted to eliminate the earnings benefit
of a reduction in the United Kingdom corporate income tax rate from 30% to
28% and for failing to achieve certain non-financial performance
factors.
|
||||||
MEHC
Net Income
|
Award
|
|||||
Less
than or equal to target goal
|
None
|
|||||
Exceeds target goal by 0.01% -
3.25%
|
15% of excess
|
|||||
Exceeds target goal by 3.251% -
6.50%
|
15% of the first 3.25%
excess;
|
|||||
25% of excess over 3.25%
|
||||||
Exceeds target goal by more than
6.50%
|
15% of the first 3.25%
excess;
|
|||||
25% of the next 3.25%
excess;
|
||||||
35% of excess over 6.50%
|
||||||
A
pool of up to 100,000 points in aggregate is allocated between plan
participants either as initial points or year-end performance points. A
nominating committee recommends the point allocation, subject to approval
by the CEO and President of MEHC, based upon a discretionary evaluation of
individual achievement of financial and non-financial goals previously
described herein. A participant’s award equals their allocated points
multiplied by the final per-point value, capped at 1.5 times base salary
except in extraordinary circumstances.
|
||||||
(c)
|
Amounts
are based upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of
all qualified and non-qualified defined benefit plans, which include the
SERP and the Retirement Plan, as applicable. Amounts are computed using
assumptions consistent with those used in preparing the applicable pension
disclosures included in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
and are as of the pension plans’ measurement dates. No participant in our
Deferred Compensation Plan earned “above market or preferential” earnings
on amounts deferred.
|
|||||
(d)
|
Amounts
shown for the year ended December 31, 2007,
include:
|
|||||
(i)
|
Payment
in the amount of $82,703 to Mr. Walje by Scottish Power plc, or
ScottishPower, under the Transaction Incentive Program, a
$6.0 million pool created by ScottishPower for retention incentives
during the period of completion of ScottishPower’s sale of us to
MEHC.
|
|||||
(ii)
|
Performance-based
retention payment in the amount of $50,000 to Mr. Mendez,
representing the final installment under the May 2005 retention
agreement entitling Mr. Mendez to a retention bonus (up to $100,000) for
remaining employed at an acceptable level of performance in our corporate
finance department through May 30, 2007 and developing a succession and
risk mitigation plan for his position.
|
|||||
(iii)
|
Mr. Walje
participated in the ScottishPower Long-Term Incentive Plan while
PacifiCorp was under ScottishPower ownership. Due to the sale of
ScottishPower to Iberdrola, S.A., Mr. Walje’s stock award became
fully vested and its value paid to him by ScottishPower in cash and shares
in the amount of $392,869.
|
|||||
(iv)
|
Company
contributions to our Employee Savings and Stock Ownership Plan of $10,729
for Mr. Walje.
|
|||||
(e)
|
Mr.
Mendez resigned on February 8, 2008 effective February 29,
2008.
|
111
2007
Option Exercises and Stock Vested Table
The
following table sets forth information regarding option exercises and stock
vested by each of our NEOs during the year ended December 31, 2007. All
option awards are for ScottishPower American Depository Shares and include
options granted under the PacifiCorp Stock Incentive Plan and the ScottishPower
Executive Share Option Plan. All stock awards are for ScottishPower American
Depository Shares and were granted under the ScottishPower Long-Term Incentive
Plan.
Option
Awards
|
Stock
Awards
|
|||||||||||||||
Name
|
Number
of Shares Acquired On Exercise
|
Value
Realized on Exercise
|
Number
of Shares Acquired On Exercise
|
Value
Realized on Vesting
|
||||||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
- | $ | - | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
David
J. Mendez
|
- | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
38,332 | 941,852 | 3,923 | 392,869 | ||||||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
- | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
- | - | - | - |
Under
MEHC ownership, we do not utilize equity-based compensation, such as stock or
stock option awards, as part of our long-term incentive compensation package.
All stock options relate to previously granted options held by Mr. Walje.
Mr. Walje participated in the ScottishPower Long-Term Incentive Plan while
PacifiCorp was under ScottishPower ownership. Due to the sale of ScottishPower
to Iberdrola, S.A., Mr. Walje’s stock award became fully vested and
its value paid to him in cash and shares.
2007
Pension Benefits Table
We have
adopted a non-contributory defined benefit retirement plan, or the Retirement
Plan, for our employees, other than employees subject to collective bargaining
agreements that do not provide for coverage. Mr. Walje also participates in
our non-qualified SERP. Through May 31, 2007, participants earned benefits
at retirement payable for life based on length of service through May 31,
2007 and average pay in the 60 consecutive months of highest pay out of the
120 months prior to May 31, 2007, and pay for this purpose included
salary and annual incentive plan payments up to 10% of base salary, but were
limited to the Internal Revenue Code amounts specified in §401(a)(17). Benefits
were based on 1.3% of final average pay plus 0.65% of final average pay in
excess of compensation subject to Federal Insurance Contributions Act (“FICA”)
withholding times years of service.
The
Retirement Plan was restated effective June 1, 2007 to change from a
traditional average pay formula as described above to a cash balance formula for
non-union participants. Benefits under the final average pay formula were frozen
as of May 31, 2007, and no future benefits will accrue under that formula.
Under the cash balance formula, benefits are based on 6.5% (5% for employees
hired after July 1, 2006) of eligible compensation plus 4.0% of eligible
compensation in excess of compensation subject to FICA withholding ($97,500 for
2007) to each participant’s account (where such salary and incentive amounts are
reduced for Internal Revenue Code §401(a)(17) limits). Interest is also
credited to each participant’s account. Employees who are age 40 or older
will receive certain additional transition pay credits for five years from the
effective date of the plan restatement.
Participants
are entitled to receive full benefits upon retirement after age 65.
Participants are also entitled to receive reduced benefits upon early retirement
after age 55 with at least 5 years of service or when age plus years
of service equals 75.
112
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Retirement Plan (and, in Mr. Walje’s case, the SERP) for each of our NEOs as of September 30, 2007:
Name
|
Plan Name
|
Number
of Years of Service
|
Present
Value of Accumulated Benefits
|
|||||||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
- | $ | - | |||||||
David
J. Mendez
|
Retirement
|
5 | 37,045 | |||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
Retirement
|
22 | 603,881 | |||||||
SERP
|
22 | 1,386,663 | ||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
Retirement
|
1 | 3,484 | |||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
Retirement
|
2 | 15,249 |
Amounts
are computed using the SFAS No. 158 assumptions used in preparing the
applicable pension disclosures included in the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements and are as of September 30, 2007, the plans’
measurement date. Single life annuities were assumed for the SERP calculations
of the present value of accumulated benefits. For our Retirement Plan
calculations of the present value of accumulated benefits, the following
assumptions were used: 50.0% lump sum and 50.0% single life annuity.
The present value assumptions used in calculating the present value of
accumulated benefits for the SERP were as follows: a discount rate of 6.30%; an
expected retirement age of 60; and postretirement mortality using the
RP-2000 tables. The present value assumptions used in calculating the present
value of accumulated benefits for our Retirement Plan were as follows: a
discount rate of 6.30%; an expected retirement age of 65; postretirement
mortality using the RP-2000 tables; a lump sum interest rate of 6.05%; and lump
sum mortality using the Internal Revenue Code §417(e)(3) Applicable
Mortality Table for 2008.
The SERP
provides monthly retirement benefits of 50% of final average pay plus 1% of
final average pay for each fiscal year that we meet certain performance goals
set for such fiscal year. The maximum benefit is 65% of final average pay. A
participant’s final average pay equals the 60 consecutive months of highest
pay out of the last 120 months, and pay for this purpose includes salary
and annual incentive plan payments reflected in the Summary Compensation Table
above. Mr. Walje has met the five-year participation requirement under the
plan for early retirement eligibility. Mr. Walje’s SERP benefit will be
reduced by a portion of his Social Security benefits, his regular retirement
benefit under our Retirement Plan, and 0.25% for each month benefit commencement
precedes age 60.
The above
reference for the number of years of service and the present value of
accumulated benefits for Mr. Lasich represents his service as a PacifiCorp
employee only and does not include any vested benefits earned under
MEHC.
2007
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding the DCP accounts held
by each of our NEOs as of December 31, 2007:
Name
|
Executive
Contributions (a)
|
Aggregate
Earnings
|
Aggregate
Balance at Period-End
|
|||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
David
J. Mendez
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
- | 75,053 | 1,524,255 | |||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
85,000 | - | 85,000 |
(a)
|
Mr. Lasich’s
contribution is included within his “bonus” column total reported in the
Summary Compensation Table.
|
113
Eligibility
for our DCP is restricted to select management and highly compensated employees.
The plan provides tax benefits to eligible participants by allowing them to
defer compensation on a pretax basis, thus reducing their current taxable
income. Deferrals and any investment returns grow on a tax-deferred basis; thus,
participants pay no income tax until they receive distributions. The DCP permits
participants to make a voluntary deferral of up to 50% of base salary and 100%
of short-term incentive compensation awards. All deferrals are net of social
security taxes due on that bonus or award. Amounts deferred under the DCP
receive a rate of return based on the returns of any combination of eight
investment options offered by the plan and selected by the participant. Gains or
losses are calculated monthly, and returns are posted to accounts based on
participants’ fund allocation elections. Participants can change their fund
allocations as of the end of any calendar month.
The DCP
allows participants to maintain three accounts based upon when they want to
receive payments: retirement distribution, in-service distribution and education
distribution. Both the retirement and in-service accounts can be distributed as
lump sums or in up to 10 annual installments, except in the case of the four DCP
transition accounts that allow for a grandfathered payout based on the previous
deferred compensation plan distribution elections of lump sum, 5, 10, or
15 annual installments. Effective December 31, 2006, no new money
may be deferred into the DCP Transition accounts. The education account is
distributed in four annual installments. If a participant leaves employment
prior to retirement (age 55) all amounts in the participant’s account will
be paid out in a lump sum as soon as administratively practicable. Participants
are 100% vested in their deferrals and any investment gains or losses recorded
in their accounts.
Participants
in our LTIP also have the option of deferring all or a part of those awards
after the five-year mandatory deferral and vesting period. The provisions
governing the deferral of LTIP awards are similar to those described for the DCP
above.
Potential
Payments Upon Termination or Change-in-Control
Our
Executive Severance Plan was closed on May 24, 2007. The plan had provided
severance benefits to only legacy participants previously designated by our
Compensation Committee under ScottishPower ownership.
Our NEOs
(excluding Mr. Abel) are not entitled to severance or enhanced benefits
upon termination of employment or change-in-control. Please refer to MEHC’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007
(File No. 001-14881) for information about potential post-termination
and change-in-control payments to Mr. Abel. However, upon any termination
of employment, our other NEOs would be entitled to the Retirement Plan and SERP
vested balances presented in the Pension Benefits and the balances presented in
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Tables above.
Messrs. Mendez,
Walje, Reiten, and Lasich are also entitled to full vesting of outstanding
awards under the MEHC LTIP in the event of death or disability. As of
December 31, 2007, the value of the unvested portions of outstanding awards
under this plan were $227,595 for Mr. Mendez; $619,207 for Mr. Walje;
$556,233 for Mr. Reiten; and $391,085 for Mr. Lasich. In the event of
termination, Messrs. Mendez, Walje, Reiten, and Lasich would be entitled to
the vested benefits under this plan included in the Summary Compensation
Table.
114
2007
Director Compensation Table
With the
exception of Mr. Karras, all of our directors serving in 2007 were
employees of PacifiCorp, or in the case of Messrs. Anderson and Goodman,
employees of MEHC, and did not receive additional compensation for service as a
director. The following table excludes Messrs. Mendez, Walje, Reiten and
Lasich, for whom compensation information is reported in the Summary
Compensation Table.
Change
in
|
||||||||||||
Pension
Value and
|
All
Other
|
|||||||||||
Non-Qualified
|
Compensation
|
|||||||||||
Name
|
Compensation
Earnings
|
(a)
|
Total
|
|||||||||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
$ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
William
J. Fehrman
|
21,598 | 499,833 | 521,431 | |||||||||
Brent
E. Gale
|
24,034 | 559,127 | 583,161 | |||||||||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
3,589 | 288,000 | 291,589 | |||||||||
Nolan
Karras
|
- | - | - | |||||||||
Mark
C. Moench
|
18,526 | 433,365 | 451,891 | |||||||||
Stanley
K. Watters
|
1,057,860 | 1,012,340 | 2,070,200 | |||||||||
(a)
|
Amounts
shown for the year ended December 31, 2007,
include:
|
|
(i)
|
Base
salary in the amounts of $205,682 for Mr. Fehrman; $273,000 for
Mr. Gale; $160,000 for Ms. Hocken; $205,200 for Mr. Moench;
and $63,021 for Mr. Watters.
|
|
(ii)
|
Awards
earned pursuant to the AIP in the amounts of $140,000 for Mr. Gale;
$80,000 for Ms. Hocken; and $100,000 for
Mr. Moench.
|
|
(iii)
|
Relocation
expenses for Mr. Fehrman in the amount of $21,825.
|
|
(iv)
|
Severance
payments to Mr. Watters in the amount of $333,688.
|
|
(v)
|
Personal
time payout at termination of $55,768 for
Mr. Watters.
|
|
(vi)
|
Tax
gross-up for Mr. Fehrman in the amount of $10,261 for relocation
expenses and Mr. Watters in the amount of $547,239 for severance
payments.
|
|
(vii)
|
The
vested portion of awards earned, (including earnings on previously earned
awards) pursuant to the MEHC LTIP in the amounts of $255,986 (including
earnings of $13,486) to Mr. Fehrman; $146,127 (including earnings of
$7,054) to Mr. Gale; $48,000 to Ms. Hocken; and $128,165
(including earnings of $6,605) to
Mr. Moench.
|
Mr. Watters
resigned as a director and officer of PacifiCorp on March 16, 2007 and
Mr. Fehrman resigned as a director and officer of PacifiCorp on
August 30, 2007. Mr. Karras resigned as a Director of PacifiCorp on
July 25, 2007 and did not receive compensation from PacifiCorp in
2007.
115
Amounts
included in change in pension value and non-qualified deferred compensation
earnings are based upon the aggregate increase in the actuarial present value of
all qualified and non-qualified defined benefit plans, which include the SERP
and the Retirement Plan, as applicable. Amounts are computed using assumptions
consistent with those used in preparing the applicable pension disclosures
included in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and are as of the
pension plans’ measurement dates. No participant in our Deferred Compensation
Plan earned “above market or preferential” earnings on amounts
deferred.
Compensation
Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
Mr. Abel
is our Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer and also
the President and Chief Operating Officer of MEHC. None of our executive
officers serve as a member of the compensation committee of any company that has
an executive officer serving as a member of our Board of Directors. None of our
executive officers serve as a member of the board of directors of any company
(other than MEHC) that has an executive officer serving as a member of our
compensation committee. See also Item 13 of this
Form 10-K.
ITEM 12.
|
SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
|
All
outstanding shares of our common stock are indirectly owned by MEHC,
666 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa 50309. MEHC is a consolidated
subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, that, as of January 31, 2008, owns
approximately 88.2% of MEHC’s common stock (87.4% on a diluted basis). The
remainder of MEHC’s common stock is owned by a private investor group comprised
of Walter Scott, Jr. (including family members and related entities),
David L. Sokol and Gregory E. Abel, PacifiCorp’s Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer.
None of
our executive officers or directors owns shares of our preferred stock. The
following table sets forth certain information as of January 31, 2008
regarding the beneficial ownership of common stock of MEHC and the Class A
and Class B common stock of Berkshire Hathaway held by each of our
directors, executive officers and all of our directors and executive officers as
a group as of January 31, 2008.
MEHC
|
Berkshire
Hathaway
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Common
Stock
|
Class
A Common Stock
|
Class
B Common Stock
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Beneficial
Owner
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (a)
|
Percentage
of Class (a)
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (a)
|
Percentage
of Class (a)
|
Number
of Shares Beneficially Owned (a)
|
Percentage
of Class (a)
|
||||||||||||||||||
Gregory
E. Abel (b)(c)
|
749,992 | 1.0 | % | - | - | 6 | * | |||||||||||||||||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
- | - | 3 | * | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Brent
E. Gale
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
- | - | 2 | * | 3 | * | ||||||||||||||||||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
David
J. Mendez
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
Mark
C. Moench
|
- | - | 1 | * | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
A.
Richard Walje
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
All
executive officers and directors as a group (10
persons)
|
749,992 | 1.0 | % | 6 | * | 9 | * |
116
*
|
Indicates
beneficial ownership of less than one percent of all outstanding
shares.
|
(a)
|
Includes
shares as to which the listed beneficial owner is deemed to have the right
to acquire beneficial ownership under Rule 13d-3(d) under the
Securities Exchange Act, including, among other things, shares which the
listed beneficial owner has the right to acquire within
60 days.
|
(b)
|
In
accordance with a shareholders agreement, as amended on December 7,
2005, based on an assumed value for MEHC’s common stock and the closing
price of Berkshire Hathaway common stock on January 31, 2008,
Mr. Abel would be entitled to exchange his shares of MEHC common
stock and his shares acquired by exercise of options to purchase MEHC
common stock for 1,158 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A
stock or 34,615 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class B stock.
Assuming an exchange of all available MEHC shares into either Berkshire
Hathaway Class A shares or Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares,
Mr. Abel would beneficially own less than 1% of the outstanding
shares of either class of stock.
|
(c)
|
Includes
options to purchase 154,052 shares of common stock that are presently
exercisable or become exercisable within
60 days.
|
Other
Matters
Pursuant
to a shareholders agreement, as amended on December 7, 2005, Mr. Abel
is able to require Berkshire Hathaway to exchange any or all of his shares of
MEHC common stock for shares of Berkshire Hathaway common stock. The number of
shares of Berkshire Hathaway stock to be exchanged is based on the fair market
value of MEHC common stock divided by the closing price of the Berkshire
Hathaway stock on the day prior to the date of exchange.
ITEM 13.
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
|
Review,
Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons
The
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the MEHC Code of
Business Conduct, or the Codes, which apply to all of our directors, officers
and employees and those of our subsidiaries, generally govern the review,
approval or ratification of any related-person transaction. A related-person
transaction is one in which we or any of our subsidiaries participate and in
which one or more of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than
five percent of our voting securities or any of such persons’ immediate family
members have a direct or indirect material interest.
Under the
Codes, all of our directors and executive officers (including those of our
subsidiaries) must disclose to our legal department any material transaction or
relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict with
our interests. No action may be taken with respect to such transaction or
relationship until approved by the legal department. For our chief executive
officer and chief financial officer, prior approval for any such transaction or
relationship must be given by Berkshire Hathaway’s audit committee. In addition,
prior legal department approval must be obtained before a director or executive
officer can accept employment, offices or board positions in other for-profit
businesses, or engage in his or her own business that raises a potential
conflict or appearance of conflict with our interests.
Under an
intercompany administrative services agreement we have entered into with MEHC
and its other subsidiaries, the cost of certain administrative services provided
by MEHC to us or by us to MEHC, or shared with MEHC and other subsidiaries, are
directly charged or allocated to the entity receiving such services. This
agreement has been filed with the utility regulatory commissions in the states
where we serve retail customers. We also provide an annual report of all
transactions with our affiliates to the state regulatory commission, who have
the authority to refuse recovery in retail rates for payments we make to our
affiliates deemed to have the effect of subsidizing the separate business
activities of MEHC or its other subsidiaries.
117
Director
Independence
Because
our common stock is indirectly, wholly owned by MEHC, our Board of Directors
consists primarily of MEHC and PacifiCorp employees and we are not required to
have independent directors or audit, nominating or compensation committees
consisting of independent directors.
Based on
the standards of the New York Stock Exchange, on which the common stock of our
ultimate parent company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., is listed, our Board of
Directors determined that Nolan Karras was our only director serving during the
year ended December 31, 2007 who was “independent.” Our remaining directors
would not be considered independent because of their employment by MEHC or
PacifiCorp. In making the determination that Mr. Karras was independent,
our Board of Directors affirmatively determined that he had no material
relationship with us and that none of the express disqualifications contained in
the New York Stock Exchange rules establishing independence standards applied to
Mr. Karras. In addition to reviewing matters involving Mr. Karras that
might be inconsistent with applicable New York Stock Exchange rules, our Board
of Directors considered the nominal compensation we paid Mr. Karras in
prior years for service on one of our regional advisory boards, as described in
“Executive Compensation – Director Compensation” included in Item 11 of
this Form 10-K. Our Board of Directors considered no other transactions,
relationships or arrangements involving Mr. Karras not disclosed in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. Mr. Karras resigned as a director of PacifiCorp
in July 2007.
Refer to
Note 20 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in
Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding
related-party transactions.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND
SERVICES
On
May 31, 2006, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP was advised that it had been
dismissed and would not be appointed as PacifiCorp’s independent registered
public accounting firm for the transitional nine-month period ending
December 31, 2006. The transitional nine-month period arose from
PacifiCorp’s election on May 10, 2006 to change its fiscal year-end from
March 31 to December 31. The decision to change its independent
registered public accounting firm was approved by the Audit Committee of
PacifiCorp’s parent company, MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (“MEHC”). Also,
on May 31, 2006, MEHC’s Audit Committee approved the engagement of
Deloitte & Touche LLP as the independent registered public
accounting firm to audit PacifiCorp’s financial statements, commencing with the
transitional nine-month period ending December 31, 2006.
Fees
and Pre-Approval Policy
The
following table shows PacifiCorp’s fees paid or accrued for audit and
audit-related services and fees paid for tax and all other services rendered by
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche
Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively the “Deloitte
Entities”), for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the nine-month period
ended December 31, 2006 (in millions):
Nine-Month
|
||||||||
Year
Ended
|
Period
Ended
|
|||||||
December 31,
|
December 31,
|
|||||||
2007
|
2006
|
|||||||
Audit
fees (1)
|
$ | 2.1 | $ | 1.8 | ||||
Audit-related
fees (2)
|
0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||
Tax
fees (3)
|
- | - | ||||||
All
other fees
|
- | - | ||||||
Total
aggregate fees billed
|
$ | 2.3 | $ | 2.0 |
118
(1)
|
Audit
fees include fees for the audit and review of PacifiCorp’s consolidated
financial statements and interim review of PacifiCorp’s quarterly
financial statements, audit services provided in connection with required
statutory audits, and comfort letters, statutory and regulatory audits,
consents and services related to SEC matters.
|
(2)
|
Audit-related
fees primarily include fees for assurance and related services for any
other statutory or regulatory requirements, audits of certain employee
benefit plans and consultations on various accounting and reporting
matters.
|
(3)
|
Tax
fees include fees for services relating to tax compliance, tax planning
and tax advice. These services include assistance regarding federal and
state tax compliance, tax return preparation and tax
audits.
|
The audit
committee of MEHC reviewed and approved the services rendered by the Deloitte
Entities in and for fiscal 2007 as set forth in the above table and
concluded that the non-audit services were compatible with maintaining the
principal accountant’s independence. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
all audit and non-audit services performed by the principal accountant require
approval in advance by the audit committee in order to assure that such services
do not impair the principal accountant’s independence from other affiliated
entities. Accordingly, the audit committee has an Audit and Non-Audit Services
Pre-Approval Policy (the “Policy”) which sets forth the procedures and the
conditions pursuant to which services to be performed by the principal
accountant are to be pre-approved. Pursuant to the Policy, certain services
described in detail in the Policy may be pre-approved on an annual basis
together with pre-approved maximum fee levels for such services. The services
eligible for annual pre-approval consist of services that would be included
under the categories of Audit fees, Audit-related fees and Tax fees. If not
pre-approved on an annual basis, proposed services must otherwise be separately
approved prior to being performed by the principal accountant. In addition, any
services that receive annual pre-approval but exceed the pre-approved maximum
fee level also will require separate approval by the audit committee prior to
being performed. The Policy does not delegate the audit committee’s
responsibilities to pre-approve services performed by the principal accountant
to management.
119
PART
IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT
SCHEDULES
(a) | 1. |
The
list of all financial statements filed as a part of this report is
included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
|
||||
2. | Schedules: | |||||
All
schedules have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under
which they are required or because the required information is included
elsewhere in the financial statements included under “Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
|
||||||
3. | Exhibits: | |||||
Exhibit |
|
|||||
Number |
|
Exhibit
Title
|
||||
3.1* |
|
Third
Restated Articles of Incorporation of PacifiCorp (Exhibit (3)b,
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996,
filed March 21, 1997, File No. 1-5152).
|
||||
3.2*
|
|
Bylaws
of PacifiCorp, as amended May 23, 2005 (Exhibit 3.2, on Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2006, filed May 30,
2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
||||
4.1*
|
|
Mortgage
and Deed of Trust dated as of January 9, 1989, between PacifiCorp and
JP Morgan Chase Bank (formerly known as The Chase Manhattan Bank),
Trustee, Ex. 4-E, Form 8-B, File No. 1-5152, as
supplemented and modified by 21 Supplemental Indentures as
follows:
|
Exhibit
Number
|
File
Type
|
File
Date
|
File
Number
|
|
(4)(b)
|
SE
|
November 2, 1989
|
33-31861
|
|
(4)(a)
|
8-K
|
January 9, 1990
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
September 11, 1991
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
January 7, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended March 31, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended September 30, 1992
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
8-K
|
April 1, 1993
|
1-5152
|
|
4(a)
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended September 30, 1993
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended June 30, 1994
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1994
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1995
|
1-5152
|
|
(4)b
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1996
|
1-5152
|
|
4(b)
|
10-K
|
Year ended December 31, 1998
|
1-5152
|
|
99(a)
|
8-K
|
November 21, 2001
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
10-Q
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2003
|
1-5152
|
|
99
|
8-K
|
September 8, 2003
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
August 24, 2004
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
June 13, 2005
|
1-5152
|
|
4.2
|
8-K
|
August 14, 2006
|
1-5152
|
|
4
|
8-K
|
March 14, 2007
|
1-5152
|
|
4.1
|
8-K
|
October 3, 2007
|
1-5152
|
4.2*
|
Third
Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. See 3.1 and 3.2
above.
|
In
reliance upon item 601(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, various instruments
defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Registrant and its
subsidiaries are not being filed because the total amount authorized under each
such instrument does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Registrant and
its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Registrant hereby agrees to
furnish a copy of any such instrument to the Commission upon
request.
120
4.3* |
$700,000,000
Credit Agreement dated as of October 23, 2007 among PacifiCorp, The
Banks Party thereto, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, as Syndication Agent,
and Union Bank of California, N.A., as Administrative Agent.
(Exhibit 99, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed
November 2, 2007, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.1 |
Summary
of Key Terms of Named Executive Officer and Employee Director
Compensation.
|
10.2* |
Form
of Transaction Incentive Program Award Agreement for Named Executive
Officers (Exhibit 10, Current Report on Form 8-K, filed
September 1, 2005, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.3 |
PacifiCorp
Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan
|
10.4* |
Supplemental
Executive Retirement Plan (Exhibit 10.7, Annual Report on
Form 10-K, for the year ended March 31, 2005, filed May 27,
2005, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.5* |
Amendment
No. 10 to PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated
June 2, 2006 (Exhibit 10.5, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed August 7, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.6* |
Amendment
No. 11 to PacifiCorp Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated
June 2, 2006 (Exhibit 10.6, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed August 7, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.7* |
Executive
Severance Plan (Exhibit 10.3, Current Report on Form 8-K, filed
May 6, 2005, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.8* |
Amendment
to PacifiCorp Executive Severance Plan, dated effective October 31,
2005 (Exhibit 10.2, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed
February 14, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.9* |
Amendment
No. 1 to PacifiCorp Executive Severance Plan dated June 2, 2006
(Exhibit 10.3, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed August 7, 2006, File No. 1-5152).
|
10.10* |
David
Mendez Retention Agreement (Exhibit 10.14, Transition Report on
Form 10-K for the nine-month period ended December 31, 2006,
filed March 2, 2007, File
No. 1-5152).
|
12.1 |
Statements
of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
|
12.2 |
Statements
of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and
Preference Dividends.
|
14.1* |
Code
of Ethics (Exhibit 14.1, Transition Report on Form 10-K for the
nine-month period ended December 31, 2006, filed March 2, 2007,
File No. 1-5152).
|
23.1 |
Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
|
23.2 |
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
|
31.1 |
Principal
Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
31.2 |
Principal
Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
32.1 |
Principal
Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
32.2 |
Principal
Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
*Incorporated
herein by reference.
(b)
|
See
(a) 3. above.
|
(c)
|
See
(a) 2. above.
|
121
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on this 29th day
of February 2008.
PACIFICORP
|
|
/s/
David J. Mendez
|
|
David
J. Mendez
|
|
Senior
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|
|
(principal
financial and accounting officer)
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has
been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in
the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
||
/s/ Gregory E.
Abel
|
Chairman
of the Board of Directors
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Gregory
E. Abel
|
and
Chief Executive Officer
|
|||
(principal
executive officer)
|
||||
/s/ David J.
Mendez
|
Senior
Vice President, Chief
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
David
J. Mendez
|
Financial
Officer and Director
|
|||
(principal
financial and accounting officer)
|
||||
/s/ Douglas L.
Anderson
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Douglas
L. Anderson
|
||||
/s/ Brent E.
Gale
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Brent
E. Gale
|
||||
/s/ Patrick J.
Goodman
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Patrick
J. Goodman
|
||||
/s/ Natalie L.
Hocken
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Natalie
L. Hocken
|
||||
/s/ A. Robert
Lasich
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
A.
Robert Lasich
|
||||
/s/ Mark C.
Moench
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
Mark
C. Moench
|
||||
/s/ R.
Patrick Reiten
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
R.
Patrick Reiten
|
||||
/s/ A. Richard
Walje
|
Director
|
February 29,
2008
|
||
A.
Richard Walje
|
||||
122