PagerDuty, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 July (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38856

PAGERDUTY, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________________


Delaware						27-2793871
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

600 Townsend St., Suite 200

San Francisco, CA 94103

(844) 800-3889

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

_________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.000005 par value

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

The total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of August 30, 2023, was 93,311,288.

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1	Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	40
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	41

Part II - OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A	Risk Factors	42
Item 2	Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 6	Exhibits	45
	Signatures	47

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. All statements contained in this Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth and trends, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “likely,” “target,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statement contained in this Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about our expectations regarding:

•the impact of an economic downturn or recession, rising inflation or significant market volatility in the global economy on our customers, partners, employees and business;

•trends in key business metrics, including number of customers and dollar-based net retention rate, and non-GAAP financial measures and their usefulness in evaluating our business;

•trends in revenue, cost of revenue, and gross margin;

•trends in operating expenses, including research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expense, and expectations regarding these expenses as a percentage of revenue;

•our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions being sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months and our ability to meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations, through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances;

•anticipated charges and future cost savings in connection with our reduction in headcount and real estate rationalization;

•our ability to effectively identify, acquire, and integrate complementary companies, technologies, and assets, including our ability to successfully integrate artificial intelligence and machine learning in our offerings;

•our ability to service the interest on our convertible notes and repay such notes, to the extent required;

•the effect of uncertainties related to the novel coronavirus and resulting COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. and global markets, our business, operations, revenue results, cash flow, operating expenses, demand for our solutions, sales cycles, customer retention, and our customers’ businesses;

•our efforts to maintain proper and effective internal controls;

•our ability to expand our operations and increase adoption of our platform internationally;

•our ability to stay abreast of new or modified laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally;

•the increased expenses and administrative workload associated with being a public company; and

•other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition, and prospects and business strategies.

Such forward-looking statements are based on our expectations as of the date of this filing and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including but not limited to, risks detailed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (“Annual Report”). Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various

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disclosures made in this Form 10-Q and in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for us to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Form 10-Q may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or may not occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, performance, or achievements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are made as of the date of this filing, and we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any duty, to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Form 10-Q or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

PAGERDUTY, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	As of July 31, 2023		As of January 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	298,558	$	274,019
Investments	205,919		202,948
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $2,485 and $2,014 as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, respectively	65,633		91,345
Deferred contract costs, current	18,442		18,674
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	14,336		13,350
Total current assets	602,888		600,336
Property and equipment, net	17,894		18,390
Deferred contract costs, non-current	24,549		27,715
Lease right-of-use assets	11,225		13,982
Goodwill	118,862		118,862
Intangible assets, net	31,612		37,224
Other assets	4,868		1,364
Total assets	$	811,898	$	817,873
Liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,145	$	7,398
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	10,982		11,804
Accrued compensation	23,125		41,834
Deferred revenue, current	192,302		204,137
Lease liabilities, current	6,021		5,904
Total current liabilities	239,575		271,077
Convertible senior notes, net	283,841		282,908
Deferred revenue, non-current	4,303		4,914
Lease liabilities, non-current	9,944		12,704
Other liabilities	4,917		4,184
Total liabilities	542,580		575,787
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3)	3,431		1,108
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	779,192		719,816
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,788)		(1,592)
Accumulated deficit	(511,517)		(477,246)
Total stockholders’ equity	265,887		240,978
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and stockholders’ equity	$	811,898	$	817,873

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	$	107,616	$	90,253	$	210,862	$	175,624
Cost of revenue	19,833		18,367		37,769		34,083
Gross profit	87,783		71,886		173,093		141,541
Operating expenses:
Research and development	36,441		34,014		69,949		65,303
Sales and marketing	49,724		50,331		93,525		95,883
General and administrative	27,791		25,429		51,592		50,700
Total operating expenses	113,956		109,774		215,066		211,886
Loss from operations	(26,173)		(37,888)		(41,973)		(70,345)
Interest income	3,655		830		6,778		1,378
Interest expense	(1,396)		(1,387)		(2,730)		(2,712)
Other income (expense), net	1,242		(364)		2,309		(1,154)
Loss before benefit from income taxes	(22,672)		(38,809)		(35,616)		(72,833)
Benefit from income taxes	50		210		156		1,414
Net loss	$	(22,622)	$	(38,599)	$	(35,460)	$	(71,419)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(569)		(100)		(1,189)		(100)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	$	(22,053)	$	(38,499)	$	(34,271)	$	(71,319)
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	1,729		—		1,729		—
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(23,782)	$	(38,499)	$	(36,000)	$	(71,319)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(0.26)	$	(0.44)	$	(0.39)	$	(0.81)
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted	92,542		88,153		92,041		87,648

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss	$	(22,622)	$	(38,599)	$	(35,460)	$	(71,419)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	(312)		(54)		68		(902)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(198)		(141)		(264)		(141)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(23,132)	$	(38,794)	$	(35,656)	$	(72,462)
Less comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest:
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(569)		(100)		(1,189)		(100)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(2)		3		2		3
Comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(571)		(97)		(1,187)		(97)
Comprehensive loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	$	(22,561)	$	(38,697)	$	(34,469)	$	(72,365)

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended July 31, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances as of April 30, 2023	92,094,542	$	—	$	743,218	$	(1,278)	$	(489,464)	$	252,476
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	260,690	—		2,649		—		—		2,649
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes	568,076	—		(7,166)		—		—		(7,166)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	325,983	—		6,292		—		—		6,292
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(510)		—		(510)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		35,928		—		—		35,928
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest	—	—		(1,729)		—		—		(1,729)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	—	—		—		—		(22,053)		(22,053)
Balances as of July 31, 2023	93,249,291	$	—	$	779,192	$	(1,788)	$	(511,517)	$	265,887


	Six Months Ended July 31, 2023
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances as of January 31, 2023	91,178,671	$	—	$	719,816	$	(1,592)	$	(477,246)	$	240,978
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	780,542	—		6,981		—		—		6,981
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes	964,095	—		(15,986)		—		—		(15,986)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	325,983	—		6,292		—		—		6,292
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(196)		—		(196)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		63,818		—		—		63,818
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest	—	—		(1,729)		—		—		(1,729)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	—	—		—		—		(34,271)		(34,271)
Balances as of July 31, 2023	93,249,291	$	—	$	779,192	$	(1,788)	$	(511,517)	$	265,887

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	Three Months Ended July 31, 2022
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances as of April 30, 2022	87,757,527	$	—	$	639,318	$	(1,517)	$	(381,643)	$	256,158
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	439,346	—		2,785		—		—		2,785
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes	387,519	—		(6,153)		—		—		(6,153)
Shares issued related to an asset acquisition	62,972	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	280,725	—		5,736		—		—		5,736
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(195)		—		(195)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		30,440		—		—		30,440
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	—	—		—		—		(38,499)		(38,499)
Balances as of July 31, 2022	88,928,089	$	—	$	672,126	$	(1,712)	$	(420,142)	$	250,272


	Six Months Ended July 31, 2022
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balances as of January 31, 2022	86,758,380	$	—	$	616,467	$	(669)	$	(348,823)	$	266,975
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	1,185,110	—		6,591		—		—		6,591
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of employee payroll taxes	640,902	—		(12,323)		—		—		(12,323)
Shares issued related to an asset acquisition	62,972	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan	280,725	—		5,736		—		—		5,736
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(1,043)		—		(1,043)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		55,655		—		—		55,655
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	—	—		—		—		(71,319)		(71,319)
Balances as of July 31, 2022	88,928,089	$	—	$	672,126	$	(1,712)	$	(420,142)	$	250,272

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(36,000)	$	(71,319)
Net loss and adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest (Note 3)	540		(100)
Net loss	(35,460)		(71,419)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	9,991		8,280
Amortization of deferred contract costs	10,163		9,256
Amortization of debt issuance costs	933		915
Stock-based compensation	63,082		55,034
Non-cash lease expense	2,319		2,302
Tax benefit related to release of valuation allowance	—		(1,330)
Other	98		1,810
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	24,404		16,521
Deferred contract costs	(6,765)		(10,033)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,385)		(1,510)
Accounts payable	(245)		(2,226)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(15)		3,243
Accrued compensation	(18,792)		(6,658)
Deferred revenue	(12,428)		(1,546)
Lease liabilities	(2,998)		(2,783)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	32,902		(144)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(948)		(2,940)
Capitalization of internal-use software costs	(2,371)		(1,737)
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	—		(66,262)
Asset acquisition	—		(1,845)
Purchases of available-for-sale investments	(108,057)		(95,468)
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale investments	107,564		95,200
Purchases of non-marketable equity investments	(200)		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(4,012)		(73,052)
Cash flows from financing activities
Investment from redeemable non-controlling interest holder	1,781		1,908
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	6,292		5,736
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	7,417		6,560
Employee payroll taxes paid related to net share settlement of restricted stock units	(15,986)		(12,323)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(496)		1,881
Effects of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(274)		(139)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	28,120		(71,454)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	274,019		349,785
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	302,139	$	278,331
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	298,558		278,331
Restricted cash in other long-term assets	3,581		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	302,139	$	278,331

Supplemental cash flow data:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	141	$	25
Cash paid for interests	$	1,797	$	1,797
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment, accrued but not yet paid	$	92	$	1,414
Stock-based compensation capitalized in internal use software	$	736	$	622
Bonuses capitalized in internal use software	$	99	$	188
Receivables for cash in-transit on stock options	$	—	$	30

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business

PagerDuty, Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in May 2010.

PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission-critical work for a modern, digital business. PagerDuty collects data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverages powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, the Company brings together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are.

As used herein, “PagerDuty”, “we”, “our”, “the Company” and similar terms include PagerDuty, Inc., unless the context indicates otherwise.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2023 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date but does not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto as of and for the year ended January 31, 2023, included in the Annual Report.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, and subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the information contained herein reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and comprehensive loss, statements of stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. The results of operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending January 31, 2024 or for any other interim period, or for any future year.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2024, for example, refer to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make, on an ongoing basis, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve the period of benefit for amortizing deferred contract costs, the determination of the allowance for credit losses, fair value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities, stock-based compensation, and estimates related to the Company’s revenue recognition, such as the assessment of performance obligations in the Company’s revenue arrangements and the fair value assigned to each performance obligation, among others. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Concentrations of Risk and Significant Customers

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments, and accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and investments are invested in money market funds, United States (“U.S.”) Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, or U.S. Government agency securities that management believes to be of high credit quality. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments are spread across several different financial institutions.

No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the total accounts receivable balance as of July 31, 2023 or January 31, 2023. No single customer represented 10% or more of revenue for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 or 2022.

Segment Information

The Company manages its operations and allocates resources as one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. Refer to Note 15, “Geographic Information” for information regarding the Company's long-lived assets and revenue by geography.

Related Party Transactions

Certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors serve as directors of, or are executive officers of, and in some cases are investors in, companies that are customers or vendors of the Company. The Company billed $3.8 million and $2.5 million to entities associated with related parties during the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized $1.5 million of revenue associated with related parties during the six months ended July 31, 2023. The Company recognized $1.3 million in accounts receivable associated with related parties as of July 31, 2022. Other related party transactions were not material for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to those described in the Annual Report, other than as set forth below.

Restricted Cash

The Company has classified cash that is not available for use in its operations as restricted cash. Restricted cash consists primarily of collateral for letters of credit related to security deposits for the Company’s office facility lease arrangements. As of July 31, 2023, the Company had restricted cash of $3.6 million, all of which was classified as non-current. The Company had no restricted cash as of January 31, 2023.

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

During the quarter ended July 31, 2022, the Company established a joint venture with Japan Cloud Computing II L.P. (the “Investor”) in Japan (“PagerDuty K.K.”), which is a variable interest entity, obtaining a 51% controlling interest. The Company has consolidated the financial results of the joint venture.

The agreements with the non-controlling interest holders of PagerDuty K.K. contain redemption features whereby the interest held by the non-controlling interest holders is redeemable either (i) at the option of the non-controlling interest holders or (ii) at the option of the Company, both beginning on the tenth anniversary of the initial capital contribution. The balance of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the greater of the initial

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

carrying amount adjusted for the redeemable non-controlling interest's share of earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss, or its estimated redemption value. The resulting changes in the estimated redemption amount are recorded with corresponding adjustments against additional paid-in-capital due to the absence of retained earnings. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is recorded on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as temporary equity. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2023, the Company recorded an adjustment attributable to the redeemable non-controlling interest of $1.7 million. There were no adjustments attributable to the redeemable non-controlling interest recorded during the three and six months ended July 31, 2022.

3. Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest

In May 2022, the Company established a joint venture, PagerDuty K.K, which is a variable interest entity. The Company obtained a 51% controlling interest and has consolidated the financial results of the joint venture.

The following table summarizes the activity in the redeemable non-controlling interest for the period indicated below:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	492	$	—	$	1,108	$	—
Investment by redeemable non-controlling interest	1,781		1,908		1,781		1,908
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(569)		(100)		(1,189)		(100)
Adjustment to redeemable non-controlling interest	1,729		—		1,729		—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(2)		3		2		3
Balance at end of period	$	3,431	$	1,811	$	3,431	$	1,811

4. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments

Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following:


	As of July 31, 2023		As of January 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash	$	66,686	$	67,151
Money market funds	229,887		206,868
U.S. Treasury securities	1,985		—
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	298,558	$	274,019
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	57,257	$	51,387
Commercial paper	21,980		34,798
Corporate debt securities	111,516		108,827
U.S. Government agency securities	15,166		7,936
Total available-for-sale investments	$	205,919	$	202,948

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following tables summarize the Company’s investments’ adjusted cost, net unrealized losses, and fair value by significant investment category as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023. Gross realized gains or losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were not material for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023.


	As of July 31, 2023
	Cost Basis		Unrealized Loss, Net		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	57,277	$	(20)	$	57,257
Commercial paper	22,005		(25)		21,980
Corporate debt securities	112,669		(1,153)		111,516
U.S. Government agency securities	15,341		(175)		15,166
Total available-for-sale investments	$	207,292	$	(1,373)	$	205,919


	As of January 31, 2023
	Cost Basis		Unrealized Loss, Net		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available-for-sale investments:
U.S. Treasury securities	$	51,400	$	(13)	$	51,387
Commercial paper	34,926		(128)		34,798
Corporate debt securities	110,063		(1,236)		108,827
U.S. Government agency securities	8,000		(64)		7,936
Total available-for-sale investments	$	204,389	$	(1,441)	$	202,948

The following tables present the Company’s available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity date as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023:


	As of July 31, 2023
	Cost Basis		Recorded Basis
	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	151,392	$	150,527
Due between one to five years	55,900		55,392
Total	$	207,292	$	205,919


	As of January 31, 2023
	Cost Basis		Recorded Basis
	(in thousands)
Due within one year	$	139,443	$	138,625
Due between one to five years	64,946		64,323
Total	$	204,389	$	202,948

As of July 31, 2023, the Company had 96 securities in an unrealized loss position with an aggregate fair value of $198.0 million, of which $37.2 million were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had 81 securities in an unrealized loss position with an aggregate fair value of $174.1 million, of which $39.9 million were in a continuous unrealized loss position for more than 12 months.

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

When evaluating investments for impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s amortized cost. The Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses, as the Company believes any such losses would be immaterial based on the high-grade credit rating for each of its marketable securities as of the end of each period.

5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value, as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2—Valuations based on inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets that are required to be measured or disclosed at fair value using the above input categories:


	As of July 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Money market funds	$	229,887	$	—	$	—	$	229,887
U.S. Treasury securities	—		59,242		—		59,242
Commercial paper	—		21,980		—		21,980
Corporate debt securities	—		111,516		—		111,516
U.S. Government agency securities	—		15,166		—		15,166
Total	$	229,887	$	207,904	$	—	$	437,791
Included in cash equivalents							$	231,872
Included in investments							$	205,919


	As of January 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)
Money market funds	$	206,868	$	—	$	—	$	206,868
U.S. Treasury securities	—		51,387		—		51,387
Commercial paper	—		34,798		—		34,798
Corporate debt securities	—		108,827		—		108,827
U.S. Government agency securities	—		7,936		—		7,936
Total	$	206,868	$	202,948	$	—	$	409,816
Included in cash equivalents							$	206,868
Included in investments							$	202,948

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The Company’s assets that are measured by management at fair value on a recurring basis are generally classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, the Company’s Level 2 securities were priced by pricing vendors. These pricing vendors utilize observable market information in pricing these securities or, if specific prices are not available for these securities, use other observable inputs like market transactions involving identical or comparable securities.

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash held in banks, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value table above.

Convertible Senior Notes

As of July 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of our 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Notes”) was approximately $284.7 million. The fair value was determined based on the quoted price for the Notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and is considered as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following:


	As of July 31, 2023		As of January 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Leasehold improvements	$	13,177	$	15,585
Computers and equipment	8,323		9,426
Furniture and fixtures	4,338		4,730
Capitalized internal-use software	14,177		10,971
Gross property and equipment (1)	40,015		40,712
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(22,121)		(22,322)
Property and equipment, net	$	17,894	$	18,390

(1) Gross property and equipment includes construction-in-progress for leasehold improvements and capitalized internal-use software of $3.4 million and $6.0 million that had not yet been placed in service as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, respectively. The costs associated with construction-in-progress are not amortized until the asset is available for its intended use.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $2.4 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense was $4.2 million and $3.3 million for the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

In three and six months ended July 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.4 million related to leasehold improvements abandoned in the period. The impairment charge was recorded in general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations.

7. Deferred Contract Costs

Deferred contract costs, which primarily consist of deferred sales commissions, were $43.0 million and $46.4 million as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, respectively. Amortization expense for deferred contract costs was $5.2 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization

expense for deferred contract costs was $10.2 million and $9.3 million for the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There was no impairment charge related to the costs capitalized for the periods presented.

8. Leases

Operating Leases

The Company has entered into various non-cancellable operating leases for its office spaces with lease periods expiring between fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2029. The operating lease agreements generally provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised.

Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease right-of-use assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowances.

The operating leases typically include non-lease components such as common-area maintenance costs. The Company has elected to include non-lease components with lease payments for the purpose of calculating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities, to the extent that they are fixed. Non-lease components that are not fixed are expensed as incurred as variable lease payments.

Leases with a term of one year or less are not recognized on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

In the three and six months ended July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a sublease of one office location. The sublease has a remaining lease term of less than two years. Sublease income, which is recorded as a reduction of rent expense, was immaterial for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023.

The following table presents information about leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.


	As of July 31, 2023		As of January 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Assets
Lease right-of-use assets	$	11,225	$	13,982
Liabilities
Lease liabilities	6,021		5,904
Lease liabilities, non-current	9,944		12,704

As of July 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3.4 years and the weighted average discount rate used to determine the net present value of the lease liabilities was 3.7%.

The following table presents information about leases on the condensed consolidated statement of operations.


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	1,313	$	1,399	$	2,671	$	2,922
Short-term lease expense	197		498		768		858
Variable lease expense	242		358		597		672

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information about the Company’s leases.


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,665	$	1,621	$	3,322	$	3,239

In the three and six months ended July 31, 2023, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.8 million to the right-of-use asset associated with the subleased office, which is the amount the carrying value of the right-of-use asset exceeded its estimated fair value. The estimated fair value was based on the present value of the estimated cash flows that could be generated from subleasing the property for the remaining lease term. The impairment charge was recorded in general and administrative expenses on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

9. Debt and Financing Arrangements

Convertible Senior Notes

On June 25, 2020, the Company issued $287.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the Notes in a private offering pursuant to an Indenture dated June 25, 2020 (the “Indenture”). The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting initial purchaser discounts and debt issuance costs, paid or payable by the Company, were $278.2 million.

The Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and accrue interest payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021, at a rate of 1.25% per year. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2025, unless such notes are converted, redeemed or repurchased earlier. The Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election in the manner and subject to the terms and conditions provided in the Indenture.

Holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on April 1, 2025, only under the following circumstances:

•During any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2020 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

•During the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;

•If the Company calls such Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or

•Upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, as noted in the Indenture.

On or after April 1, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

The conversion rate will initially be 24.9507 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $40.08 per share of common stock. The

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

conversion rate is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Notes in connection with a fundamental change, as defined in the Indenture.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to July 6, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Notes, at its option, on a redemption date occurring on or after July 6, 2023 and prior to the 41st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, if the last reported sale price of the common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the Notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Notes.

If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the entire principal of all the Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to be immediately due and payable.

The Company accounts for the Notes as a single liability in accordance with ASU 2020-06 “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.”

The carrying amount of the Notes is $283.8 million as of July 31, 2023, with principal of $287.5 million, net of unamortized issuance costs of $3.7 million. The Notes are classified as long-term liabilities as of July 31, 2023. The issuance costs related to the Notes are being amortized to interest expense over the contractual term of the Notes at an effective interest rate of 1.93%.

The net carrying amount of the Notes as of July 31, 2023 and as of January 31, 2023 was as follows:


	As of July 31, 2023		As of January 31, 2023
	(in thousands)
Principal	$	287,500	$	287,500
Less: unamortized issuance costs	(3,659)		(4,592)
Net carrying amount	$	283,841	$	282,908

Interest expense recognized related to the Notes is as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Contractual interest expense	$	918	$	919	$	1,797	$	1,797
Amortization of debt issuance costs	478		468		933		915
Total interest expense related to the Notes	$	1,396	$	1,387	$	2,730	$	2,712

Capped Call Transactions

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In connection with the offering of the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Calls”) with certain financial institution counterparties. The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the common stock upon any conversion of the Notes with such reduction or offset, as the case may be, subject to a cap based on the cap price. For accounting purposes, the Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the Notes. The Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The cost of $35.7 million incurred to purchase the Capped Calls were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $40.08 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Notes. The Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $61.66 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 7.2 million shares of our common stock. The Capped Calls are subject to automatic exercise over a 40 trading day period commencing on May 2, 2025, subject to earlier termination under certain circumstances.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to various claims and other legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company investigates these claims as they arise and accrues estimates for resolution of legal and other contingencies when losses are probable and estimable. The Company is not currently a party to any legal proceedings and does not anticipate any pending or threatened litigation that would be expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Warranties and Indemnification

The Company has entered into service-level agreements with a portion of its customers defining levels of uptime reliability and performance and permitting those customers to receive credits if the Company fails to meet the defined levels of uptime. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant failures to meet defined levels of uptime reliability and performance as a result of those agreements and, as a result, the Company has not incurred or accrued any material liabilities related to these agreements in the financial statements.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by the Company, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain officers and employees that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon the Company to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that the Company is aware of that could have a material effect on its consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.

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PAGERDUTY, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

11. Deferred Revenue and Performance Obligations

The following table presents the changes to the Company’s deferred revenue:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Deferred revenue, beginning of period	$	201,805	$	167,309	$	209,051	$	170,224
Billings	102,416		92,478		198,416		174,078
Deferred revenue assumed in the Catalytic acquisition	—		—		—		856
Revenue recognized	(107,616)		(90,253)		(210,862)		(175,624)
Deferred revenue, end of period	$	196,605	$	169,534	$	196,605	$	169,534

For the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, the majority of revenue recognized was from the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of each quarter.

As of July 31, 2023, future estimated revenue related to performance obligations for cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions with terms of more than one year that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting periods was approximately $170.7 million. The Company expects to satisfy the substantial majority of these unsatisfied performance obligations over the next 24 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company applied the optional exemption for subscriptions with terms of less than one year.

12. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Incentive Plans

The Company has two equity incentive plans: the 2010 Stock Plan (the “2010 Plan”) and the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”, collectively the “Stock Plans”). Upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in April 2019, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2010 Plan, and all shares that remained available for future issuance under the 2010 Plan at that time were transferred to the 2019 Plan. The 2019 Plan superseded and replaced the 2010 Plan. As of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, the Company was authorized to grant up to 31,516,441 shares and 28,881,327 shares of common stock, respectively, under the 2019 Plan.

The Company currently uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy stock award exercises and settlement of Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) and Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”). As of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, there were 16,714,070 shares and 13,581,239 shares available for future issuance under the Stock Plans, respectively.

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance are as follows:


			July 31, 2023
Outstanding stock options and unvested RSUs and PSUs			15,435,127
Available for future stock option, RSU, and PSU grants			16,714,070
Available for Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)			3,557,026
Total common stock reserved at July 31, 2023			35,706,223

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Stock Option Activity

Stock option activity is as follows:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
					(in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2023	6,150,981	$	10.61	5.3 years	$	117,986
Granted	—	$	—
Exercised	(780,542)	$	8.94
Canceled	(22,656)	$	22.25
Outstanding at July 31, 2023	5,347,783	$	10.80	4.9 years	$	80,848
Vested as of July 31, 2023	4,995,691	$	9.74	4.7 years	$	80,838

No stock options were granted during the three and six months ended July 31, 2023. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 was $3.9 million and $9.3 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022 was $16.0 million and $30.6 million, respectively.

The intrinsic value for options exercised is the difference between the market value of the stock and the exercise price of the stock option at the date of exercise.

As of July 31, 2023, there was approximately $4.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted under the Stock Plans, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

Restricted Stock Units

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information is as follows:


	Number of RSUs	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 31, 2023	8,012,482	$	32.55
Granted	3,389,642	$	33.17
Vested	(952,945)	$	30.99
Forfeited or canceled	(1,582,217)	$	32.14
Outstanding at July 31, 2023	8,866,962	$	33.03

The fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the underlying shares on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

As of July 31, 2023, there was $270.0 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years based on vesting under the award service conditions.

Performance and Market Stock Units

The Company grants PSUs to certain employees of the Company for which the ultimate number of units that will vest are determined based on the achievement of market and/or performance conditions at the end of the stated performance period.

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In April 2023, the Company granted shares of PSUs to certain employees of the Company, which are to vest based on the level of achievement of a Company target related to PagerDuty’s operating plan and the relative growth of the per share price of the Company’s common stock as compared to the S&P Software & Services Select Index over the one-year performance period. The PSUs vest over a three-year period, subject to continuous service with the Company. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock that will vest based on the performance and market conditions can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount. Compensation expense for PSUs with performance conditions is measured using the fair value at the date of grant, and may be adjusted over the vesting period based on interim estimates of performance against the performance condition. Compensation expense for PSUs with market conditions is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Expense is recorded over the vesting period under the graded-vesting attribution method.

During the three months ended April 30, 2023, the compensation committee of the Board certified the results of PagerDuty’s operating plan for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Based on the results, the PSUs granted in April 2022 (“2022 PSU Awards”) were cancelled as the target was not met.

A summary of the Company’s PSU activity and related information is as follows:


	Number of PSUs	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at January 31, 2023	825,058	$	33.27
Granted(1)	594,290	$	34.98
Vested	(11,150)	$	41.17
Forfeited or canceled	(83,123)	$	35.71
Performance adjustment for 2022 PSU Awards	(698,983)	$	29.22
Outstanding at July 31, 2023	626,092	$	35.29
(1)This amount represents awards granted at 100% attainment.

As of July 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to PSUs was $13.6 million. This unrecognized stock-based compensation cost is expected to be recognized using the accelerated attribution method over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.5 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock through payroll deductions over 24-month offering periods beginning June 15 and December 15 of each year, with each offering period consisting of four six-month purchase periods. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase the shares at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of (1) the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the beginning of the offering period or (2) the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the purchase date, as defined in the ESPP.

During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $1.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP. During the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $3.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP.

During the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company withheld $2.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, in contributions from employees. During the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company withheld $5.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively, in contributions from employees.

During the three and six months ended July 31, 2023, 325,983 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP at a weighted average purchase price of $19.30 per share. During the three and six months ended July 31, 2022, 280,725 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP at a weighted average purchase price of $20.43 per share.

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Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	2,164	$	1,787	$	4,040	$	3,011
Research and development	12,773		10,567		22,874		19,242
Sales and marketing	8,317		8,148		14,268		14,529
General and administrative	12,283		9,623		21,900		18,252
Total	$	35,537	$	30,125	$	63,082	$	55,034

13. Net Loss per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(23,782)	$	(38,499)	$	(36,000)	$	(71,319)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted	92,542		88,153		92,041		87,648
Net loss per share, basic and diluted, attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	$	(0.26)	$	(0.44)	$	(0.39)	$	(0.81)

Since the Company was in a loss position for the periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:


	As of July 31,
	2023	2022
	(in thousands)
Shares subject to outstanding common stock awards	14,841	17,412
Convertible senior notes	7,173	7,173
Restricted stock issued to acquire key personnel	44	115
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP	85	94
Total	22,143	24,794

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14. Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period.

The Company's quarterly tax provision, and estimate of its annual effective tax rate, is subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in pre-tax income (or loss), the mix of jurisdictions to which such income (or loss) relates, changes in how the Company does business, and tax law developments. The Company's estimated effective tax rate for the year differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% as a result of our U.S. losses for which no benefit will be realized, our foreign operations which are subject to tax rates that differ from those in the U.S., as well as the benefit for non-U.S. income tax credits.

The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.2 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in the Company’s income tax benefit for the six months ended July 31, 2023, relative to the prior period, was primarily due to the deferred tax benefit of $1.3 million associated with the Company’s acquisition in the prior period.

15. Geographic Information

Revenue by location is generally determined by the billing address of the customer. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
United States	$	78,255	$	69,096	$	153,089	$	133,860
International	29,361		21,157		57,773		41,764
Total	$	107,616	$	90,253	$	210,862	$	175,624

Other than the United States, no other individual country accounted for 10% or more of revenue for the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 or 2022. As of July 31, 2023, 86% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States, and 14% were located in Canada. As of January 31, 2023, 88% of the Company’s long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use lease assets, were located in the United States, 10% were located in Canada, 1% were located in Portugal, and 1% were located in the United Kingdom.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report. You should review the sections titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report. The last day of our fiscal year is January 31. Our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31 and January 31.

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Overview

PagerDuty is a digital operations management platform that manages urgent and mission critical work for a modern, digital enterprise. We empower teams to respond rapidly to incidents to resolve or avoid customer issues, reduce noise, predict and avoid performance degradation, improve productivity, and accelerate digital transformation.

Today, nearly every business is a digital business. As such, organizations are under pressure to enhance their digital operations in order to meet escalating customer expectations, resolve incidents proactively and free up time for innovation projects. This means critical, time sensitive, and unpredictable work needs to be detected and orchestrated.

We collect data and digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device and leverage powerful machine learning to correlate, process, and predict opportunities and issues. Using incident response, event management, and automation, we bring together the right people with the right information so they can resolve issues and act on opportunities in minutes or seconds from wherever they are.

Since our founding in 2009, we have expanded our capabilities from a single product focused on on-call management for developers to a multi-product platform that crosses silos into IT operations, security, customer service, and executive stakeholder roles across the organization. We have evolved from an on-call tool into the platform for digital operations, which resides at the center of a company’s technology ecosystem.

We have spent more than a decade building deep product integrations to our platform, and our ecosystem now includes over 700 direct integrations to enable our customers to gather and correlate digital signals from virtually any software-enabled system or device. This allows technical teams to collect digital signals from any system or platform in their environment, and without the effects of context switching. Those same integrations connect with popular collaboration tools and business applications, as well as all types of technology stacks to drive automation of work.

We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted subscription fees. We also generate revenue from term-license software subscription fees. We have a land-and-expand business model that leads to viral adoption of our products and subsequent expansion. Our online self-service model is the primary mechanism for landing new customers and enabling teams to get started without assistance. We complement our self-service model with high-velocity inside sales focused on small and medium businesses, a commercial team focused on mid-market customers, and a field sales team focused on enterprise customers. Our mid-market and enterprise customers account for the majority of our revenue today. These teams drive expansion to additional users, new use cases, and add-on products, as well as upsell to higher value plans.

Macroeconomic Environment

Our business and financial performance may be subject to the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including, but not limited to global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, the COVID-19 pandemic, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, and recent bank failures.

We continuously monitor geopolitical conflicts around the world and their effects on our business. While we do not believe the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict will have a material impact on our business and results of operations, our business and results of operations could be materially impacted if the Russia-Ukraine conflict continues or worsens, leading to greater global economic disruptions and uncertainty. Our customers in Russia represented an immaterial portion of our net assets as of July 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023, and of our total consolidated revenues for each of the three and six months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022.

We will continue to monitor the direct and indirect impacts of these or similar circumstances on our business and financial results. For additional information on the potential impact of macroeconomic conditions on our business, see Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.

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Key Business Metrics

We review the following key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

While these numbers are based on what we believe to be a reasonable representation of our customer base for the applicable period of measurement, we rely on a third party to validate legal entities, which uses the best available data at period end, and therefore is subject to change as new information becomes available. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our methodology, which may result in future changes to our key metrics.

Our key metrics include the results of Catalytic, Inc. (“Catalytic”) to the extent applicable, beginning on the acquisition date of March 8, 2022.

Number of Customers

We believe that the number of customers using our platform, particularly those that have subscription agreements for more than $100,000 in annual recurring revenue (“ARR”), are indicators of our market penetration, particularly within enterprise accounts, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. We define ARR as the annualized recurring value of all active contracts at the end of a reporting period. We define a customer as a separate legal entity, such as a company or an educational or government institution, that has an active subscription with us or one of our partners to access our platform. In situations where an organization has multiple subsidiaries or divisions, we treat the parent entity as the customer instead of treating each subsidiary or division as a separate customer. Increasing awareness of our platform and its broad range of capabilities, coupled with the fact that the world is always on and powered by increasingly complex technology, has expanded the diversity of our customer base to include organizations of all sizes across virtually all industries. Over time, enterprise and mid-market customers have constituted a greater share of our revenue.


	As of July 31,
	2023	2022
Customers	15,146	15,174
Customers greater than $100,000 in ARR	773	689

Dollar-based Net Retention Rate

We use dollar-based net retention rate to evaluate the long-term value of our customer relationships, since this metric reflects our ability to retain and expand the ARR from our existing customers. Our dollar-based net retention rate compares our ARR from the same set of customers across comparable periods.

We calculate dollar-based net retention rate as of a period end by starting with the ARR from the cohort of all customers as of 12 months prior to such period end (“Prior Period ARR”). We then calculate the ARR from these same customers as of the current period end (“Current Period ARR”). Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of downgrades or churn over the last 12 months but excludes ARR from new customers in the current period. We then divide the total Current Period ARR by the total Prior Period ARR to arrive at the dollar-based net retention rate. The calculation of dollar-based net retention rate includes the Current Period ARR of Catalytic customers to the extent that they were PagerDuty customers as of 12 months prior to period end.


	Last 12 Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022
Dollar-based net retention rate for all customers	114	%	124	%

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Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily from cloud-hosted software subscription fees with the majority of our revenue from such arrangements. We also generate revenue from term-license software subscription fees. Our subscriptions are typically one year in duration but can range from monthly to multi-year. Subscription fees are driven primarily by the number of customers, the number of users per customer, and the level of subscription purchased. We generally invoice customers in advance in annual installments for subscriptions to our software. Revenue related to our cloud-hosted software subscriptions is recognized ratably over the related contractual term beginning on the date that our platform is made available to a customer. For our term-license software subscriptions, we recognize license revenue upon delivery and software maintenance revenue ratably, typically beginning on the start of the contractual term of the arrangement.

Due to the low complexity of implementation and integration of our platform with our customers’ existing infrastructure, revenue from professional services has been immaterial to date.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to providing our platform to customers, including personnel expenses for operations and global support, payments to our third-party cloud infrastructure providers for hosting our software, payment processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs, amortization of acquired developed technology, and allocated overhead costs for facilities, information technology, and other allocated overhead costs. We will continue to invest additional resources in our platform infrastructure and our customer support and success organizations to expand the capability of our platform and ensure that our customers are realizing the full benefit of our offerings. The level and timing of investment in these areas could affect our cost of revenue in the future.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit represents revenue less cost of revenue. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue. Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period as our revenue fluctuates, and as a result of the timing and amount of investments to expand the capacity of our third-party cloud infrastructure providers and our continued efforts to enhance our platform support and customer success teams.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel expenses are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, and sales commissions. Operating expenses also include amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, allocated overhead costs for facilities, shared IT related expenses, including depreciation expense, and certain company-wide events and functions.

Research and development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our engineering, product, and design teams. Additionally, research and development expenses include contractor fees, depreciation of equipment used in research and development activities, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, costs of general marketing activities and promotional activities, travel related expenses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, allocated overhead costs, and bad debt expense. Sales commissions earned by our sales force that are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a subscription with a customer are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the

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expected period of benefit, which we have determined to be four years. We expect that our sales and marketing expenses will generally increase in dollar value and continue to be our largest operating expense for the foreseeable future as we expand our sales and marketing efforts.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and contractor fees for finance, legal, human resources, information technology, and other administrative functions. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-personnel costs, such as legal, accounting, and other professional fees, hardware and software costs, certain tax, license and insurance-related expenses, acquisition-related expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in dollar value as our business grows. However, we expect that our general and administrative expenses will decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the longer term as we expect our investments to allow for improved efficiency for future growth in the business.

Interest Income

Interest income consists of income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and interest earned on our short-term investments which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt securities, and U.S. Government agency securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of contractual interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs on our 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the “Notes”). Refer to Note 9, “Debt and Financing Arrangements” for additional details.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net primarily consists of accretion income and amortization expense on our available-for-sale investments and foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

Benefit from Income Taxes

Benefit from income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our net federal and state deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Benefit from income taxes also includes the benefit associated with the reduction in our valuation allowance from the increase in the deferred tax liability associated with acquired intangible assets from our acquisition during the six months ended July 31, 2022.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Revenue	$	107,616	$	90,253	$	210,862	$	175,624
Cost of revenue(1)	19,833		18,367		37,769		34,083
Gross profit	87,783		71,886		173,093		141,541
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)	36,441		34,014		69,949		65,303
Sales and marketing(1)	49,724		50,331		93,525		95,883
General and administrative(1)	27,791		25,429		51,592		50,700
Total operating expenses	113,956		109,774		215,066		211,886
Loss from operations	(26,173)		(37,888)		(41,973)		(70,345)
Interest income	3,655		830		6,778		1,378
Interest expense	(1,396)		(1,387)		(2,730)		(2,712)
Other income (expense), net	1,242		(364)		2,309		(1,154)
Loss before benefit from income taxes	(22,672)		(38,809)		(35,616)		(72,833)
Benefit from income taxes	50		210		156		1,414
Net loss	$	(22,622)	$	(38,599)	$	(35,460)	$	(71,419)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(569)		(100)		(1,189)		(100)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	$	(22,053)	$	(38,499)	$	(34,271)	$	(71,319)
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	1,729		—		1,729		—
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(23,782)	$	(38,499)	$	(36,000)	$	(71,319)

______________

(1) Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	2,164	$	1,787	$	4,040	$	3,011
Research and development	12,773		10,567		22,874		19,242
Sales and marketing	8,317		8,148		14,268		14,529
General and administrative	12,283		9,623		21,900		18,252
Total	$	35,537	$	30,125	$	63,082	$	55,034

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The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue:


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Cost of revenue	18		20		18		19
Gross profit	82	%	80	%	82	%	81	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development	34		38		33		37
Sales and marketing	46		56		44		55
General and administrative	26		28		24		29
Total operating expenses	106		122		102		121
Loss from operations	(24)		(42)		(20)		(40)
Interest income	3		1		3		1
Interest expense	(1)		(2)		(1)		(2)
Other income (expense), net	1		—		1		(1)
Loss before benefit from income taxes	(21)		(43)		(17)		(41)
Benefit from income taxes	—		—		—		1
Net loss	(21)		(43)		(17)		(41)
Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(1)		—		(1)		—
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc.	(21)		(43)		(16)		(41)
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	2		—		1		—
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	(22)	%	(43)	%	(17)	%	(41)	%

__________

Note: Certain figures may not sum due to rounding.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	107,616	$	90,253	$	17,363	19	%

Revenue increased by $17.4 million, or 19%, for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022. The increase in revenue was attributable to a combination of growth from both new and existing customers. Growth from existing customers was attributable to both increases in the number of users and upsell of additional products and services.

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	19,833		$	18,367		$	1,466	8	%
Gross margin	82		%	80		%

Cost of revenue increased by $1.5 million, or 8%, for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase of $0.8 million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount and salaries and an increase of $0.4 million in amortization of internally developed software.

Research and Development


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	36,441		$	34,014		$	2,427	7	%
Percentage of revenue	34		%	38		%

Research and development expenses increased by $2.4 million, or 7%, for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $2.0 million as a result of increased headcount and salaries to support our continued investment in our platform and an increase of $0.9 million in costs to support the business and related infrastructure, which include allocated overhead costs. This was partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in outside services spend due to higher leverage of internal resources through hiring.

Sales and Marketing


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	49,724		$	50,331		$	(607)	(1)	%
Percentage of revenue	46		%	56		%

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.6 million, or 1%, for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $0.8 million in personnel expenses due to a decrease in commissions, a decrease of $0.5 million in marketing expenses due to a shift in marketing spend to smaller events during the period, and a decrease of $0.5 million in outside services spend due to higher leverage of internal resources through hiring. This was partially offset by an increase of $1.1 million in bad debt expense.

General and Administrative


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	27,791		$	25,429		$	2,362	9	%
Percentage of revenue	26		%	28		%

General and administrative expenses increased by $2.4 million, or 9%, for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was driven primarily by an increase of $1.9

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million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount and salaries and an increase of $1.2 million in real estate impairment charges. This was partially offset by a decrease of $1.0 million in outside services spend due to higher leverage of internal resources through hiring.

Interest Expense


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	1,396	$	1,387	$	9	1	%

Interest expense was consistent for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022 and related to contractual interest and amortization of debt issuance costs for the Notes.

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net


	Three Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	3,655	$	830	$	2,825	340	%
Other income (expense), net	$	1,242	$	(364)	$	1,606	441	%

Interest income increased by $2.8 million and other income, net increased by $1.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher interest rates and accretion on our cash, cash equivalent and investment balances in the current year.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended July 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue	$	210,862	$	175,624	$	35,238	20	%

Revenue increased by $35.2 million, or 20%, for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022. The increase in revenue was primarily attributable to a combination of growth from both new and existing customers. Growth from existing customers was largely driven by both increases in the number of users and upsell of additional products and services.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	37,769		$	34,083		$	3,686	11	%
Gross margin	82		%	81		%

Cost of revenue increased by $3.7 million, or 11%, for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase of $2.2 million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount and salaries, an increase of $0.8 million in amortization of acquired intangible assets related to

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acquisitions, an increase of $0.6 million in amortization of internally developed software, and an increase of $0.6 million in hosting, software, and telecom costs.

Research and Development


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	69,949		$	65,303		$	4,646	7	%
Percentage of revenue	33		%	37		%

Research and development expenses increased by $4.6 million, or 7%, for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in personnel expenses of $5.5 million as a result of increased headcount and salaries to support our continued investment in our platform and an increase of $0.8 million in costs to support the business and related infrastructure, which include allocated overhead costs. This was partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in the outside services spend due to higher leverage of internal resources through hiring, and a decrease of $0.7 million in the impairment charge related to software development not placed in service in the prior period.

Sales and Marketing


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	93,525		$	95,883		$	(2,358)	(2)	%
Percentage of revenue	44		%	55		%

Sales and marketing expenses decreased by $2.4 million, or 2%, for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $1.0 million in travel and other program related costs and a decrease of $0.9 million in marketing expenses, both due to a shift in marketing spend to smaller events during the period, a decrease of $0.5 million in personnel expenses due to a decrease in commissions, and a decrease of $0.5 million in costs to support the business and related infrastructure, which include allocated overhead costs. This was partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in bad debt expense.

General and Administrative


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative	$	51,592		$	50,700		$	892	2	%
Percentage of revenue	24		%	29		%

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.9 million, or 2%, for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $3.3 million in personnel expenses as a result of increased headcount and salaries and an increase of $1.2 million in real estate impairment charges. This was partially offset by a decrease of $3.2 million in outside services related to transaction costs for the acquisition of Catalytic in the prior year.

Interest Expense

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	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense	$	2,730	$	2,712	$	18	1	%

Interest expense was consistent for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022 and related to contractual interest and amortization of debt issuance costs for the Notes.

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income	$	6,778	$	1,378	$	5,400	392	%
Other income (expense), net	2,309		(1,154)		$	3,463	300	%

Interest income increased by $5.4 million and other income, net increased by $3.5 million for the six months ended July 31, 2023 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher interest rates and accretion on our cash, cash equivalent and investment balances in the current year.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the below referenced non-GAAP financial information, collectively, to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance and assists in comparisons with other companies, some of which use similar non-GAAP financial information to supplement their U.S. GAAP results. The non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and may be different from similarly-titled non-GAAP measures used by other companies. The principal limitation of these non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses that are required by U.S. GAAP to be recorded in our financial statements. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by our management about which expenses are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin

We define non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and restructuring costs. We define non-GAAP gross margin as non-GAAP gross profit as a percentage of revenue.

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	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Gross profit	$	87,783		$	71,886		$	173,093		$	141,541
Add:
Stock-based compensation	2,164			1,787			4,040			3,011
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions	45			34			117			41
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	2,086			2,156			4,173			3,365
Restructuring costs	—			—			137			—
Non-GAAP gross profit	$	92,078		$	75,863		$	181,560		$	147,958

Gross margin	82		%	80		%	82		%	81		%
Non-GAAP gross margin	86		%	84		%	86		%	84		%

Non-GAAP Operating Income (Loss) and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

We define non-GAAP operating income (loss) as loss from operations excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs, acquisition-related retention payments and asset impairment, and restructuring costs, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period. We define non-GAAP operating margin as non-GAAP operating income (loss) as a percentage of revenue.


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
	(in thousands)
Loss from operations	$	(26,173)		$	(37,888)		$	(41,973)		$	(70,345)
Add:
Stock-based compensation	35,537			30,125			63,082			55,034
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions	703			521			1,900			1,173
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	2,805			2,961			5,611			4,803
Acquisition-related expenses	162			899			323			3,652
Restructuring costs	1,258			—			1,402			—
Non-GAAP operating income (loss)	$	14,292		$	(3,382)		$	30,345		$	(5,683)

Operating margin	(24)		%	(42)		%	(20)		%	(40)		%
Non-GAAP operating margin	13		%	(4)		%	14		%	(3)		%

Non-GAAP Net Income (Loss) Attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. Common Stockholders

We define non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders as net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders excluding stock-based compensation expense, employer taxes related to employee stock transactions, amortization of debt issuance costs, amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related expenses, which include transaction costs, acquisition-related retention payments and asset impairment, restructuring costs, adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest, and the associated tax impact of these items, where applicable, which are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a given period,.

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	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Net loss attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. common stockholders	$	(23,782)	$	(38,499)	$	(36,000)	$	(71,319)
Add (Less):
Stock-based compensation	35,537		30,125		63,082		55,034
Employer taxes related to employee stock transactions	703		521		1,900		1,173
Amortization of debt issuance costs	478		468		933		915
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	2,805		2,961		5,611		4,803
Acquisition-related expenses	162		899		323		3,652
Restructuring costs	1,258		—		1,402		—
Adjustment attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	1,729		—		1,729		—
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments	(662)		—		(1,454)		(1,330)
Non-GAAP net income (loss) attributable to PagerDuty, Inc. attributable to common stockholders	$	18,228	$	(3,525)	$	37,526	$	(7,072)

Free Cash Flow

We define free cash flow as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, less cash used for purchases of property and equipment and capitalization of internal-use software costs. In addition to the reasons stated above, we believe that free cash flow is useful to investors as a liquidity measure because it measures our ability to generate or use cash in excess of our capital investments in property and equipment in order to enhance the strength of our balance sheet and further invest in our business and potential strategic initiatives. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our liquidity is that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for the period. We use free cash flow in conjunction with traditional U.S. GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our liquidity, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts and to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies, and to assess its liquidity.

There are a number of limitations related to the use of free cash flow as compared to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, including that free cash flow includes capital expenditures, the benefits of which are realized in periods subsequent to those when expenditures are made.


	Three Months Ended July 31,				Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	10,750	$	2,841	$	32,902	$	(144)
Less:
Purchases of property and equipment	(713)		(862)		(948)		(2,940)
Capitalization of internal-use software costs	(1,299)		(965)		(2,371)		(1,737)
Free cash flow	$	8,738	$	1,014	$	29,583	$	(4,821)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(12,575)	$	(2,695)	$	(4,012)	$	(73,052)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	3,573	$	4,465	$	(496)	$	1,881

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through sales of our cloud-hosted software subscriptions, net proceeds we have received from sales of equity securities, and the issuance of the Notes.

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On April 15, 2019, upon the closing of our IPO, we received net proceeds of $213.7 million, after deducting underwriters' discounts and commissions of $16.6 million and other issuance costs of $6.4 million.

On June 25, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The total net proceeds from the sale of the Notes, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs of $9.3 million, and purchases of the Capped Calls of $35.7 million, were $242.5 million.

As of July 31, 2023, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents and investments totaling $504.5 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments, and cash provided by sales of our subscriptions will be sufficient to support working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations, through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and available cash and short-term investment balances. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the effects of the worldwide macroeconomic conditions, including but not limited to, global inflation and the rise in interest rates, existing and new laws and regulations, recession or economic downturn globally or in the jurisdictions in which we do business, ongoing geopolitical conflict in Ukraine and other areas of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic, bank failures, volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, our subscription growth rate, subscription renewal activity, including the timing and the amount of cash received from customers, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the introduction of new and enhanced product offerings, and the continuing market adoption of our platform. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, operations, and financial condition.

A significant majority of our customers pay in advance for our cloud-hosted and term-license software subscriptions. Therefore, a substantial source of our cash is from our deferred revenue, which is included in the liabilities section of our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Deferred revenue consists of the unearned portion of customer billings, which is recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of July 31, 2023, we had deferred revenue of $196.6 million, of which $192.3 million was recorded as a current liability and expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	32,902	$	(144)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(4,012)	$	(73,052)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(496)	$	1,881

Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash is cash collection from sales of our cloud-hosted and term license software subscriptions to our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel expenses, marketing expenses and hosting and software expenses. In the last several years, we have had periods in which we generated negative cash flows from operating activities and have supplemented working capital requirements through net proceeds from both private and public sales of equity securities and issuance of the Notes.

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Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended July 31, 2023 of $32.9 million primarily related to our net loss of $35.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $86.6 million and net cash outflows of $18.2 million due to changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted of stock-based compensation of $63.1 million, amortization of our deferred contract costs of $10.2 million, depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, capitalized implementation costs, and acquired intangible assets of $10.0 million, non-cash lease expense of $2.3 million, amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.9 million, and other costs of $0.1 million, which consist primarily of impairment charges, accretion on investments and bad debt expense. Changes in operating assets and liabilities reflected cash outflows from a $19.1 million decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and accrued compensation, a $12.4 million decrease in deferred revenue resulting from decreased billings for subscriptions, a $6.8 million increase in deferred contract costs due to commissions paid on new bookings in line with revenue growth, $3.0 million in payments for operating lease liabilities, and a $1.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets related to timing of payments made in advance for future services. These amounts were offset by a $24.4 million decrease in accounts receivable due to timing of cash collections.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended July 31, 2023 of $4.0 million consisted primarily of purchases of available-for-sale investments of $108.1 million, capitalization of internal-use software of $2.4 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $0.9 million primarily for purchases of computers for new employees, partially offset by proceeds from maturities of investments of $107.6 million.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the six months ended July 31, 2023 of $0.5 million consisted of $16.0 million in employee payroll taxes paid related to vesting of restricted stock units, offset by proceeds of $7.4 million from the exercise of stock options, proceeds from the ESPP purchase of $6.3 million, and $1.8 million of cash received from the non-controlling shareholder of PagerDuty K.K.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There were no material changes during the six months ended July 31, 2023 to our contractual obligations and other commitments, as disclosed in our Annual Report.

For further information on our commitments and contingencies, refer to Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the condensed consolidated financial statements contained within this Form 10-Q.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, we may agree to indemnify customers, vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us, or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. As permitted under Delaware law, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers, or employees. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification under such agreements, and there are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, or consolidated statements of cash flows.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by management. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual

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results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected.

There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies described in Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report, that had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes in our market risk as compared to the disclosures in Part II, Item 7A in our Annual Report .

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation and supervision of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were, in design and operation, effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended July 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, other than as described above.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Other than the risk factors below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors described in Part I. Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2023. Our business involves significant risks, some of which are described below. You should carefully consider the following risks, together with all of the other information in this Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Any of the following risks could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. Our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changing regulations, and changing customer needs, requirements, or preferences, our products may become less competitive.

The market in which we compete is relatively new and subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. In particular, advancements in technology such as artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning (“ML”) are changing the technology landscape, and businesses that are slow to adopt these new technologies may face a competitive disadvantage. If we were unable to continue enhancing and evolving our digital operations platform or delivering new products that keep pace with rapid technological and regulatory change, or if new technologies emerge that are able to deliver competitive value at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently, more reliably, or more securely than our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

If our information technology systems or data, or those of our customers or the third-party providers upon which we rely, are or were compromised, we could experience adverse consequences resulting from such compromise, including but not limited to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruption of our business operations; reputational harm; loss of revenue or profits; loss of customers or sales; decreased value of our business and common stock; and other adverse consequences.

Our business involves the processing, storage and transmission of proprietary, sensitive, or confidential data of our customers and their employees and customers, including personal information, intellectual property, and trade secrets. Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity, online and offline fraud, and other similar activities threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our sensitive information and information technology systems, and those of the third parties upon which we rely. Such threats are prevalent and continue to rise, are increasingly difficult to detect, and come from a variety of sources, including traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, “hacktivists,” organized criminal threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation states, and nation-state-supported actors. Some actors now engage and are expected to continue to engage in cyber-attacks, including without limitation nation-state actors for geopolitical reasons and in conjunction with military conflicts and defense activities. During times of war and other major conflicts, we, the third parties upon which we rely, and our customers may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks, including retaliatory cyber-attacks, that could materially disrupt our systems and operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our goods and services. Providers of cloud-based services have frequently been targeted by such attacks. These cybersecurity challenges, including threats to our own IT infrastructure or those of our customers or third-party providers, may take a variety of forms including but not limited to malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), social engineering attacks (including through phishing, smishing, and vishing), ransomware attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, session hijacking, denial-of-service attacks (such as credential

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stuffing), supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions, software or hardware failures, credential harvesting, personnel misconduct or error, malicious code (such as viruses or worms), loss of data or other information technology assets, adware, telecommunications failures, “mega breaches” targeted against cloud-based services and other hosted software (which could be initiated by individual or groups of hackers or sophisticated cyber criminals), earthquakes, fires, floods, and other similar threats.

In particular, severe ransomware attacks, including those perpetrated by organized criminal threat actors, nation-states, and nation-state-supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe – and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of data and income, reputational harm, and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments.

Remote work has also become more common and has increased risks to our information technology systems and data, as more of our employees utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations. Furthermore, future or past business transactions (such as acquisitions or integrations) could expose us to additional cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, as our systems could be negatively affected by vulnerabilities present in acquired or integrated entities’ systems and technologies. We may discover security issues that were not found during due diligence of such acquired or integrated entities, and it may be difficult to integrate companies into our information technology environment and security program.

We use third-party service providers and technologies to help us deliver services and process information on our behalf in a variety of contexts, including, without limitation, encryption and authentication technology, employee email, content delivery to customers, and other functions. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If our third-party service providers experience a security incident or other interruption that results in data loss, deletion or destruction, unauthorized access to, loss of, unauthorized acquisition or disclosure of, or inadvertent exposure disclosure of, proprietary, sensitive, or confidential data, or any compromise related to the security, confidentiality, integrity or availability of our (or their) information technology, software, services, communications or data, it may result in adverse consequences such as litigation, indemnity obligations, interruption to our business operations, and other possible liabilities, as well as negative publicity, which would damage our reputation and business, impair our sales, and harm our customers. While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party service providers fail to satisfy their data privacy or security-related obligations to us, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. In addition, supply-chain attacks have increased in frequency and severity, and we cannot guarantee that third parties’ infrastructure in our supply chain or our third-party partners’ supply chains have not been compromised.

We use AI and ML technologies in our products and services. The development and use of AI and ML is subject to privacy, data protection, and information security laws, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, and contractual requirements, as well as increasing regulation and scrutiny. If we do not incorporate AI and ML in a manner consistent with these factors, and consistent with customer expectations, it may result in an adverse impact to our reputation, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage.

Any of the previously identified or similar threats could cause a security incident, production downtime or other interruption that could result in unauthorized, unlawful, or accidental acquisition, modification, destruction, loss, alteration, encryption, disclosure of, or access to our sensitive information or our information technology systems, or those of the third parties upon whom we rely. A security incident or other interruption could disrupt our ability (and that of third parties upon whom we rely) to provide our service. As we increase our customer base and our brand becomes more widely known and recognized, third parties may increasingly seek to compromise our security controls or gain unauthorized access to our sensitive corporate information or our customers’ data. We may be required to expend significant resources, fundamentally change our business activities and practices, or modify our services, software, operations or information technology to protect against security breaches and to mitigate, detect, and remediate actual and potential vulnerabilities. Certain data privacy and security obligations may require us to implement and maintain specific security measures or industry-standard or reasonable security measures to

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protect our information technology systems and sensitive information. While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps to detect and remediate vulnerabilities, but we may not be able to detect and remediate all vulnerabilities because the threats and techniques used to exploit the vulnerability change frequently and are often sophisticated in nature. Therefore, such vulnerabilities could be exploited but may not be detected until after a security incident has occurred. These vulnerabilities pose material risks to our business. Further, we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities.

In addition to experiencing a security incident, third parties may gather, collect, or infer sensitive information about us from public sources, data brokers, or other means that reveals competitively sensitive details about our organization and could be used to undermine our competitive advantage or market position.

The reliability and continuous availability of our service is critical to our success. However, software such as ours can contain errors, defects, security vulnerabilities or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, particularly when such vulnerabilities are first introduced or when new versions or enhancements of our service are released. Additionally, even if we are able to develop a patch or other fix to address such vulnerabilities, such a fix may be difficult to push out to our customers or otherwise be delayed. Additionally, our business depends upon the appropriate and successful implementation of our service by our customers. If our customers fail to use our service according to our specifications, our customers may suffer a security incident on their own systems or other adverse consequences. Even if such an incident is unrelated to our security practices, it could result in our incurring significant economic and operational costs in investigating, remediating, and implementing additional measures to further protect our customers from their own vulnerabilities, and could result in reputational harm.

Many governments have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of security incidents or unauthorized transfers involving certain types of personal information. Such notifications are costly, and the notifications or the failure to comply with requirements to provide them could lead to adverse consequences. In addition, some of our customers contractually require notification by us of any security incident. Accordingly, security incidents experienced by our competitors, our customers, us, or our service providers may lead to public disclosures, which may lead to widespread negative publicity. Any security incident or security compromise in our industry, whether actual or perceived, and attendant consequences could harm our reputation, erode customer confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures, negatively affect our ability to attract new customers, cause existing customers to stop using our services or elect not to renew their subscriptions, and subject us to government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits, and inspections); additional reporting requirements and/or oversight; restrictions on processing sensitive information (including personal information); litigation (including class claims); indemnification obligations; negative publicity; reputational harm; monetary fund diversions; interruptions in our operations (including availability of data); financial loss; and other similar harms.

Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our data privacy and security obligations. While we maintain general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions, we cannot assure you that such coverage would be adequate or would otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to claims alleging compromises of customer data, that such coverage will continue to be available to us on acceptable terms or at all, or that such coverage will pay future claims. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or results in changes to our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on our business.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Items 3 and 4 are not applicable and have been omitted.

Item 5. Other Information

Trading Arrangements of Directors and Executive Officers

During the Company’s last fiscal quarter, the Company’s directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated the contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities set forth in the table below.

Name and Position

Action

Adoption or Termination Date

Type of Trading Arrangement

Total Shares of Common Stock to be Sold***

Expiration Date

Rule
10b5-1*

Non-Rule 10b5-1**

Shelley Webb, Senior Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Secretary

Adoption

July 10, 2023

64,208

October 18, 2024

William E. Losch, Director

Adoption

June 14, 2023

5,364

June 30, 2024

* Contract, instruction or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act.

** “Non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.

*** Represents the maximum number of shares that may be sold pursuant to the 10b5- 1 arrangement. The actual number of shares sold will be dependent on the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in the written plan.

Item 6. Exhibits

The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

File No.

Incorporated by Exhibit Reference

Filing Date

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PagerDuty, Inc.

8-K

001-38856

3.1

April 15, 2019

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of PagerDuty, Inc.

8-K

001-38856

3.2

April 15, 2019

31.1

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

31.2

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Filed herewith

32.1*

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Furnished herewith

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

Filed herewith

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Filed herewith

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

Filed herewith

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

Filed herewith

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

Filed herewith

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Filed herewith

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.INS, 101.SCH, 101.CAL, 101.DEF, 101.LAB, and 101.PRE).

* The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		PAGERDUTY, INC.

Date: September 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Jennifer G. Tejada
		Jennifer G. Tejada
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: September 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Owen Howard Wilson
		Owen Howard Wilson
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: September 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Mitra Rezvan
		Mitra Rezvan
		Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)