PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES INC - Quarter Report: 2008 December (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2008

or

For the transition period from ___________ to __________

Commission file number 001-15543

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(609) 495-2200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x   No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o No x

As of February 13, 2008, 86,662,901 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $.01 per share, were outstanding.

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

SIGNATURES

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

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PALATIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

(1)    ORGANIZATION

        Nature of Business – Palatin Technologies, Inc. (Palatin or the Company) is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of peptide, peptide mimetic and small molecule agonist compounds with a focus on melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems. Palatin has a diverse pipeline of active development programs targeting melanocortin and natriuretic receptors. The melanocortin system is involved in a large and diverse number of physiologic functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may have the potential to treat a variety of conditions and diseases, including sexual dysfunction, obesity and related disorders, ischemia–reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock and inflammation-related diseases. The natriuretic peptide receptor system has numerous cardiovascular functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may be useful in treatment of heart failure, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

        The Company’s products in development include PL-3994, a peptidomimetic natriuretic peptide receptor A agonist, for treatment of heart failure and PL-6983, a peptide melanocortin receptor agonists, for treatment of sexual dysfunction. The Company has a licensing and research collaboration agreement with AstraZeneca AB (AstraZeneca) to discover, develop and commercialize compounds that target melanocortin receptors for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic syndrome.

        Key elements of the Company’s business strategy include entering into alliances and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies to facilitate the development, manufacture, marketing, sale and distribution of the Company’s product candidates under development, partial funding of the Company’s development and discovery programs with the cash flow from collaboration agreements and, depending on the availability of sufficient funding, expansion of the Company’s pipeline through the utilization of its melanocortin expertise and drug discovery technologies and opportunistic acquisition of synergistic products and technologies.

        Business Risk and Liquidity – The Company has incurred negative cash flows from operations since its inception, and has expended, and expects to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to complete its planned product development efforts. As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has an accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2008 and incurred a net loss for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008. The Company anticipates incurring additional losses in the future as a result of spending on its development programs. To achieve profitability, the Company, alone or with others, must successfully develop and commercialize its technologies and proposed products, conduct successful preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully manufacture and market such technologies and proposed products. The time required to reach profitability is highly uncertain, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve profitability on a sustained basis, if at all.

        The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments and accounts receivable, together with expected receipts from collaboration and license agreements and other income, will be adequate to fund the Company’s projected operations through calendar year 2009.

        The nature and timing of the Company’s development activities are highly dependent on its financing activities. Management plans to continue to refine its operations, control expenses, evaluate alternative methods to conduct its business, and seek available sources of public or private financing and sharing of development costs through collaborative agreements or other arrangements. Should appropriate sources of financing not be available, management will curtail operations and delay clinical trials and research activities until such time, if ever, as appropriate financing is available. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain financing when required or that financing efforts will be successful.

        Concentrations – Concentrations in the Company’s assets and operations subject it to certain related risks. Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily invested in one money market fund sponsored by a large financial institution. The Company’s accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2008 consists of amounts due from AstraZeneca.

        Revenues from collaboration partners as a percentage of total revenues were as follows:

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(2)    BASIS OF PRESENTATION

        The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required to be presented for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of December 31, 2008, and its results of operations and its cash flows for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 and 2007. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2008 may not necessarily be indicative of the results of operations expected for the full year, except that the Company expects to incur a significant loss for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2009.

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which includes consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2008.

(3)    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

        Principles of Consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Palatin and its wholly-owned inactive subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

        Use of Estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

        Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash in banks and all highly liquid investments with a purchased maturity of less than three months. Restricted cash secures letters of credit for security deposits on leases.

        Investments – The Company classifies its investments as available-for-sale investments and all such investments are recorded at fair value based on quoted market prices. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, if any, are generally excluded from earnings and are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss until realized. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in investment income. Gains and losses are recorded in the statement of operations when realized or when unrealized holding losses are determined to be other than temporary, on a specific-identification basis.

        Fair Value of Financial Instruments – The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and capital lease obligations. Management believes that the carrying value of these assets and liabilities are representative of their respective fair values based on quoted market prices for investments and the short-term nature of the other instruments.

        Property and Equipment – Property and equipment consists of office and laboratory equipment, office furniture and leasehold improvements and includes assets acquired under capital leases. Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally five years for laboratory equipment, seven years for office furniture and equipment and the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life for leasehold improvements. Amortization of assets acquired under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while expenditures that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized.

        Impairment of Long-Lived Assets – The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine recoverability of a long-lived asset, management evaluates whether the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows from the asset are less than its carrying amount. If impairment is indicated, the long-lived asset would be written down to fair value. Fair value is determined by an evaluation of available price information at which assets could be bought or sold, including quoted market prices if available, or the present value of the estimated future cash flows based on reasonable and supportable assumptions.

        Deferred Rent – The Company’s operating leases provide for rent increases over the terms of the leases. Deferred rent consists of the difference between periodic rent payments and the amount recognized as rent expense

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on a straight-line basis, as well as tenant allowances for leasehold improvements. Rent expenses are being recognized ratably over the terms of the leases.

        Revenue Recognition – Revenue from corporate collaborations and licensing agreements consists of up-front fees, research and development funding, and milestone payments. Non-refundable up-front fees are deferred and amortized to revenue over the related performance period. The Company estimates the performance period as the period in which it performs certain development activities under the applicable agreement. Reimbursements for research and development activities are recorded in the period in which the Company performs the related activities under the terms of the applicable agreements. Revenue resulting from the achievement of milestone events stipulated in the applicable agreements is recognized when the milestone is achieved, provided that i) such milestone is substantive in nature; ii) the milestone payment is non-refundable; iii) achievement of the milestone involves a degree of risk and was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; iv) the amount of the milestone payment is reasonable in relation to the effort expended or the risk associated with achievement of the milestone; and v) a reasonable amount of time passes between the up-front license payment and the first milestone payment as well as between each subsequent milestone payment. Determination as to whether a milestone meets these conditions involves the judgment of management. If any of these conditions are not met, the resulting payment would not be considered a substantive milestone and, therefore, the resulting payment would be considered part of the up-front consideration and be recognized as revenue as such performance obligations are performed in accordance with the policies described above.

        On December 5, 2008, the Company entered into both an amendment to the Research Collaboration and License Agreement (the License Agreement) with AstraZeneca, dated January 30, 2007, and a Clinical Trial Sponsored Research Agreement (the Clinical Trial Agreement). Pursuant to the amendment, the Company will receive an up-front payment of $1.6 million and quarterly payments totaling up to $1.4 million over the one year contract period. The up-front payment has been recorded as deferred revenue and the total consideration of up to $3.0 million will be recognized as revenue over the one year contract period beginning February 1, 2009.

        Under the Clinical Trial Agreement, the Company will be responsible for conducting a study of the effects of melanocortin receptor-specific compounds on food intake, obesity and other metabolic parameters. The Company is eligible for milestone payments totaling $5.0 million in connection with the License Agreement and Clinical Trial Agreement, of which a $2.5 million was due as of December 31, 2008. The total consideration under the Clinical Trial Agreement will be recognized as revenue as services are provided over the expected six month trial period.

        Research and Development Costs – The costs of research and development activities are charged to expense as incurred, including the cost of equipment for which there is no alternative future use.

        Stock Options – Effective July 1, 2005, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” using the modified prospective method. SFAS 123(R) establishes standards for the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services and requires that the compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements, based on the fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued, adjusted for estimated forfeitures.

        The Company accounts for options granted to consultants in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services,” and SFAS 123(R).

        The Company determines the value of stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation costs for share-based awards with pro rata vesting are allocated to periods on a straight-line basis.

        Income Taxes – The Company and its subsidiary file consolidated federal and separate-company state income tax returns. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences or operating loss and tax credit carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date.

        In accordance with SFAS 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance is based on management’s estimates and analysis, which includes consideration of tax laws that may limit the Company’s ability to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards.

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        During the three months ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company sold New Jersey state net operating loss carryforwards, which resulted in the recognition of $1,741,476 and $1,291,444, respectively, in tax benefits.

        Net Loss per Common Share – Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution from the exercise or conversion of securities into common stock, including stock options and warrants, restricted stock units and shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, common shares issuable upon conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, the vesting of restricted stock units and the exercise of outstanding options and warrants amounted to an aggregate of 15,201,545 and 16,149,527 shares, respectively, and were not included in the computation of Diluted EPS because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

        Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS 157, “Fair Market Measurements.” SFAS 157 clarifies the definition of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure on fair value measurement. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years; however, the FASB did provide a one-year deferral for the implementation of SFAS 157 for certain non-financial assets and liabilities.

        SFAS 157 establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

        The following table provides the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008:

The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial position.

        In December 2007, the FASB issued EITF Issue 07-1, “Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements,” which applies to collaborative arrangements that are conducted by the participants without the creation of a separate legal entity for the arrangements and clarifies, among other things, how to determine whether a collaborative agreement is within the scope of this issue. EITF Issue 07-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal

years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not expect the adoption of EITF Issue 07-1 to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

(4)    COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

        Comprehensive loss consists of the following:

(5)     INVESTMENTS

        The following is a summary of available-for-sale investments, which consist of mutual funds that invest primarily in debt instruments:

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(6)     CONTINGENCIES

        The Company accounts for litigation losses in accordance with SFAS 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” Under SFAS 5, loss contingency provisions are recorded for probable losses when management is able to reasonably estimate the loss. Any outcome upon settlement that deviates from the Company’s best estimate may result in additional expense or in a reduction in expense in a future accounting period. The Company records legal expenses associated with such contingencies as incurred.

(7)    STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

        On December 10, 2008, the Company issued restricted stock units to its executive officers under the Company’s 2005 Stock Plan totaling 750,000 shares of common stock. The restricted stock units vest on December 31, 2009 provided that the officer remains employed by the Company through such date, subject to earlier vesting in the event of a change in control or termination of employment other than voluntary or for cause. The Company is amortizing the fair value of the restricted stock units, totaling approximately $68,000, on a straight-line basis through December 31, 2009. For the three and six month period ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $5,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to these restricted stock units.

        On September 25, 2007, the Company issued grants of restricted stock units under the Company’s 2005 Stock Plan totaling 1,573,915 shares of common stock as retention bonuses to its employees, other than the executive officers, that were not affected by the September 2007 reduction in workforce. On September 30, 2008, after adjusting for forfeitures and early vesting due to involuntary position elimination, 1,138,824 shares of common stock vested. The Company amortized the fair value of these restricted stock units, totaling approximately $676,000, on a straight-line basis over a one-year period. For the six month period ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized approximately $133,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to these restricted stock units.

        Stock-based compensation costs for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 for stock options and equity-based instruments issued other than the restricted stock units described above totaled approximately $305,000 and $687,000, respectively.

(8)     OTHER REVENUE

        On October 28, 2008, the Company sold manufacturing equipment and supplies that had been purchased pursuant to research collaboration agreements and expensed on the Statement of Operations. Proceeds from this sale, totaling $500,000, have been included in gain on sale of equipment on the Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008.

(9)     SUBLEASE AGREEMENT

        On December 31, 2008, the Company subleased approximately 10,000 square feet of office space under a sublease agreement beginning on January 1, 2009 and expiring on February 29, 2012. The sublessee will directly pay rent under the sublease to the Company’s landlord. The Company will make payments related to an increase in the underlying lease rate which is effective June 30, 2010, and will pay rent from expiration of the sublease through the expiration of the underlying lease, June 30, 2015.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

        The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements filed as part of this report.

        Statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as well as oral statements that may be made by us or by our officers, directors, or employees acting on our behalf, that are not historical facts constitute “forward-looking statements”, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the Exchange Act). The forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Investors are cautioned that statements that are not strictly historical statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, current or future financial performance, management’s plans and objectives for future operations, clinical trials and results, product plans and performance, management’s assessment of market factors, as well as statements regarding our strategy and plans and our strategic partners, constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Our future operating results are subject to risks and uncertainties and are dependent upon many factors, including, without limitation, the risks identified in this report, in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008 and in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings.

        We expect to incur losses in the future as a result of spending on our planned development programs and losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter.

        In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to “we”, “our”, “us” or “Palatin” means Palatin Technologies, Inc.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        Our significant accounting policies are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this report and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008, and have not changed during the six month period ended December 31, 2008. We believe that our accounting policies and estimates relating to revenue recognition, accrued expenses and stock-based compensation are the most critical.

Overview

        We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of peptide, peptide mimetic and small molecule compounds with a focus on melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems. We have a diverse pipeline of active development programs, including development of proposed products for treatment of heart failure, sexual dysfunction, obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The melanocortin system is involved in a large and diverse number of physiologic functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may have the potential to treat a variety of conditions and diseases, including sexual dysfunction, obesity and related disorders, ischemia–reperfusion injury (injury resulting from inadequate blood flow or reintroduction of blood flow), hemorrhagic shock and inflammation-related diseases. The natriuretic peptide receptor system has numerous cardiovascular functions, and therapeutic agents modulating this system may be useful in treatment of heart failure, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.

        We have the following products in development:

        We have had a strategic collaboration agreement with the Mallinckrodt division of Covidien Ltd. (Mallinckrodt) relating to Neutrospec®, a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody product for imaging and diagnosing infection. We do not anticipate that any significant work will be done relating to this product during the current fiscal year.

        Key elements of our business strategy include: entering into alliances and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies to facilitate the development, manufacture, marketing, sale and distribution of product candidates we are developing; partially funding our development and discovery programs with the cash flow from our collaboration agreements; and, depending on the availability of sufficient funding, expanding our pipeline by using our expertise in drug discovery technologies for melanocortin and natriuretic peptide receptor systems and acquiring synergistic products and technologies.

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        We incorporated in Delaware in 1986 and commenced operations in the biopharmaceutical area in 1996. Our corporate offices and research and development facility are located at 4C Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512 and our telephone number is (609) 495-2200. We maintain an Internet site at http://www.palatin.com, where among other things, we make available free of charge on and through this website our Forms 3, 4 and 5, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) and Section 16 of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our website and the information contained in it or connected to it shall not be deemed to be incorporated into this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations

Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2007

        Licenses and Contracts – For the three and six months ended December 31, 2008, we recognized $1.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in licenses and contract revenue related to our license agreement with AstraZeneca. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2007, we recognized $0.7 million and $9.7 million, respectively, in licenses and contract revenue consisting of (i) $0 and $8.2 million, respectively, related to bremelanotide pursuant to our collaboration agreement with King, (ii) $0.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, related to our license agreement with AstraZeneca, and (iii) $0 and $0.1 million related to NeutroSpec pursuant to our collaboration agreement with Mallinckrodt.

        There was no revenue related to King in 2008 as a result of the termination of our collaboration agreement with King and the recognition in September 2007 of the remaining deferred license revenue pursuant to King’s up-front payment. License and contract revenue from AstraZeneca for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 consists of $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of revenue related to our research services performed during said period and $0.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of license revenue related to AstraZeneca’s up-front license and access fees. Contract revenue from Mallinckrodt reflects Mallinckrodt’s share of the costs incurred in certain NeutroSpec development activities. Future contract revenue from AstraZeneca and Mallinckrodt, in the form of reimbursement of shared development costs or the recognition of deferred license and access fees, will fluctuate based on development activities in our obesity and NeutroSpec programs. We may also earn contract revenue based on the attainment of certain development milestones.

        Research and Development – Research and development expenses decreased to $2.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2008 from $3.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2007. Research and development expenses decreased to $6.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2008 from $11.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2007.

        There were no research and development expenses related to bremelanotide for sexual dysfunction for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 compared to $0.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2007. The amount for the three and six months ended December 31, 2007 included both third-party costs incurred by us and partially reimbursed by King and our share of costs for development activities performed by King. Research and development expenses related to bremelanotide for sexual dysfunction changed as a result of (i) the completion of certain Phase 2B trials on both men and women, and (ii) the decision to not initiate Phase 3 clinical trials for erectile dysfunction, and (iii) the strategic restructuring and refocusing of our clinical-stage product portfolio development programs. Similar to the recognition of license revenue explained above, the three and six months ended December 31, 2007 includes the recognition of $0.8 million of deferred costs based on the termination of our collaboration agreement with King.

        Research and development expenses related to our PL-3994, PL-6983, obesity and other preclinical programs were $0.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 compared to $0.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2007. Spending to date has been related to the identification and optimization of lead compounds, preclinical studies and a Phase 1 and Phase 2a trial with PL-3994. The amount of such spending and the nature of future development activities are dependant on a number of factors, including primarily the availability of funds to support future development activities, success of our clinical trials, preclinical and discovery programs, and our ability to progress compounds in addition to PL-3994 into human clinical trials.

        The historical amounts of project spending above exclude general research and development spending, which decreased to $2.2 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 compared to $2.9 million and $7.4 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2007. The decrease is primarily related to the reductions in workforce initiated in September 2007 and May 2008.

        Cumulative spending from inception to December 31, 2008 on our bremelanotide, NeutroSpec and other programs (which includes PL-3994, PL-6983, obesity, and other discovery programs) amounts to approximately

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$122.5 million, $55.4 million and $48.9 million, respectively. Due to various risk factors described in our periodic filings with the SEC, including the difficulty in currently estimating the costs and timing of future Phase 1 clinical trials and large-scale Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials for any product under development, we cannot predict with reasonable certainty when, if ever, a program will advance to the next stage of development or be successfully completed, or when, if ever, related net cash inflows will be generated.

        General and Administrative – General and administrative expenses decreased to $1.1 million and $2.6 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 compared to $2.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended December 31, 2007. The decrease is primarily related to the reductions in workforce initiated in September 2007 and May 2008.

Gain on Sale – Gain on sale of equipment for the three and six months ended December 31, 2008, includes of proceeds of $0.5 million from the sale of equipment and supplies previously purchased under our research collaboration agreements and charged to expense at the time of purchase. There was no such activity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2007.

        Income Tax Benefit – Income tax benefits of $1.7 million in the three and six months ended December 31, 2008 and $1.3 million in the three and six months ended December 31, 2007 relate to the sale of New Jersey net operating loss carryforwards. The amount of such losses and tax credits that we are able to sell depends on annual pools and allocations established by the state of New Jersey.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Since inception, we have incurred net operating losses, primarily related to spending on our research and development programs. We have financed our net operating losses primarily through equity financings and amounts received under collaborative agreements.

        Our product candidates are at various stages of development and will require significant further research, development and testing and some may never be successfully developed or commercialized. We may experience uncertainties, delays, difficulties and expenses commonly experienced by early stage biopharmaceutical companies, which may include unanticipated problems and additional costs relating to:

        Failure to obtain timely regulatory approval for our product candidates and indications would impact our ability to generate revenues and could make it more difficult to attract investment capital for funding our operations. Any of these possibilities could materially and adversely affect our operations and require us to curtail or cease certain programs.

        During the six months ended December 31, 2008, we used $6.8 million of cash for our operating activities, compared to $10.8 million used in the six months ended December 31, 2007. Lower net cash outflows from operations in the six months ended December 31, 2008 resulted primarily from lower operating expenses. Our periodic accounts receivable balances will continue to be highly dependent on the timing of receipts from collaboration partners and the division of development responsibilities between us and our collaboration partners.

        We have incurred cumulative negative cash flows from operations since our inception, and have expended, and expect to continue to expend in the future, substantial funds to complete our planned product development efforts. As of December 31, 2008, our cash and cash equivalents were $3.0 million, available-for-sale investments were $3.4 million and accounts receivable were $4.9 million. This $11.3 million, coupled with $2.5 million in milestone payments earned in January 2009 pursuant to Palatin’s agreements with AstraZeneca and expected receipts from collaboration and license agreements and other income, will be adequate to fund our projected operations through calendar year 2009.

        We intend to seek additional capital through public or private equity financings, collaborative arrangements on our product candidates, milestone payments or other sources. However, additional funding may not be available

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on acceptable terms or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we will further curtail operations significantly, including the delay, modification or cancelation of product candidate development plans and further decreases in staffing levels. We may also be required to seek collaborators for our product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available, and relinquish, license or otherwise dispose of rights on unfavorable terms to technologies and product candidates that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves.

        The nature and timing of our development activities are highly dependent on our financing activities. No assurance can be given that we will earn future milestone payments that are contingent on specified events or that we will not consume a significant amount of our available resources before that time. We plan to continue to monitor the progress of our development programs and the timing and amount of related expenditures and potential milestone receipts, refine our operations, control expenses, evaluate alternative methods to conduct our business and seek additional financing and sharing of development costs through strategic collaboration agreements or other resources.

        Future capital requirements will also depend on the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies or sell or license our product candidates to others. If we are successful in identifying a product or technology for an acquisition, we may require substantial funds for such an acquisition and subsequent development or commercialization. We do not know whether any acquisition will be consummated in the future or whether we will be able to obtain additional funding if we identify such an acquisition.

        We anticipate incurring additional losses over at least the next few years. To achieve profitability, we, alone or with others, must successfully develop and commercialize our technologies and proposed products, conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtain required regulatory approvals and successfully manufacture and market such technologies and proposed products. The time required to reach profitability is highly uncertain, and we do not know whether we will be able to achieve profitability on a sustained basis, if at all.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

        Not required to be provided by smaller reporting companies.

Item 4T. Controls and Procedures.

        Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

        We may be involved, from time to time, in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any such claims or proceedings that, if decided adversely to us, would either individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

        There have been no material changes to our risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008, with the exception of the following:

        Our common stock may be delisted from the NYSE Alternext US, making it difficult to trade shares of our common stock.

        On December 23, 2008, we received notice from the NYSE Alternext US LLC (formerly known as the American Stock Exchange) (the Exchange) notifying us that the Exchange had determined that we did not meet continued listing standards based on a review of our Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2008. In a letter to us, the Exchange stated that Palatin was not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(ii) of the Exchange’s Company Guide (the Company Guide) because our stockholders’ equity was less than the required $4,000,000 and we had losses from continuing operations and net losses in three of our four most recent fiscal years and not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the Company Guide because our stockholders’ equity was less than the required $6,000,000 and we had losses from continuing operations and net losses in our five most recent fiscal years. The letter from the Exchange also stated that because our stock had been trading below $0.25 per share over the previous seven months, the Exchange deemed it appropriate for us to effect a reverse stock split in accordance with Section 1003(f)(v) of the Company Guide.

        In order to maintain our Exchange listing, we submitted a plan on January 23, 2009 advising the Exchange what we intend to do to bring us into compliance with the continued listing standards identified above by June 23, 2010. If the Exchange accepts the plan, we may be able to continue our listing during the plan period through June 23, 2010, subject to periodic review by the Exchange to determine if we are making progress consistent with the plan. If the Exchange does not accept the plan, or if we do not regain compliance with Sections 1003(a)(ii) and (iii) by June 23, 2010, or if we do not make progress consistent with the plan during the plan period, the Exchange may initiate delisting procedures.

        If we are delisted from the Exchange then our common stock will trade, if at all, only on the over-the-counter market, such as the OTC Bulletin Board securities market, and then only if one or more registered broker-dealer market makers comply with quotation requirements. In addition, delisting of our common stock could further depress our stock price, substantially limit liquidity of our common stock and materially adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Delisting from the Exchange could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of confidence by suppliers and employees, the loss of institutional investor interest and fewer business development opportunities.

        We intend to seek authorization for and may later implement a reverse stock split, which will reduce our trading volume and may result in a decrease in our market capitalization.

        As discussed above, the Exchange deems it appropriate for us to implement a reverse stock split because our stock has been trading below $0.25 per share over the past seven months. We intend to seek stockholder approval for a reverse stock split at the next annual meeting of stockholders, with the split to be implemented by our Board of Directors. If the reverse stock split is approved, we intend to implement it in conjunction with raising additional equity capital. We believe that a reverse stock split will increase the market price of our common stock in an amount sufficient to regain compliance with Exchange standards and generate interest in the Company among investors. However, it is likely that our trading volume, measured by the number of shares bought and sold, will decrease, which may result in increased volatility. We cannot predict the effect of a reverse stock split upon the market price for our common stock, and the history of similar reverse stock splits for companies in like circumstances is varied. The market price per share of our common stock after a reverse stock split may not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding resulting from the reverse split, which would reduce our market capitalization. The market price of our common stock may also be based on our performance and other factors, the effect of which we cannot predict.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

        None.

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Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

        None.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

        None.

Item 5. Other Information.

        We intend to schedule our annual meeting of stockholders for May 13, 2009, and to set a record date for the annual meeting of March 26, 2009. The scheduled date of this year’s annual meeting constitutes a change of more than thirty days from the anniversary of last year’s annual meeting, which was held on December 7, 2007. As a result, we have extended the deadline for submitting stockholder proposals for inclusion in the proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and for submitting non-Rule 14a-8 stockholder proposals for presentation at the annual meeting. In last year’s proxy statement, we requested that stockholder proposals be delivered by July 12, 2008. We did not receive any stockholder proposals in connection with this year’s annual meeting by July 12, 2008 or subsequently through February 12, 2009. The new deadline is the close of business on March 2, 2009. Stockholder proposals should be delivered to our executive offices, 4C Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512. Proposals should be directed to the attention of the Secretary.

        For any proposal that is not submitted for inclusion in the proxy statement (as described in the preceding paragraph) but is instead sought to be presented directly at the annual meeting, SEC rules permit proxies to be voted at the discretion of management if (a) we received notice of the proposal before the close of business on March 2, 2009 and we advised stockholders in the proxy statement about the nature of the matter and how management intends to vote on such matter, or (b) we did not receive notice of the proposal prior to March 2, 2009.

Item 6. Exhibits.

        Exhibits filed or furnished with this report:

_________________

* Exhibit filed with this report.

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

_________________

* Exhibit filed with this report.

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.