Panbela Therapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

Commission File No.: 000-55242

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§231.205 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑   No ☐ *

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐   No ☑

On November 10, 2017, there were 3,670,443 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001, outstanding.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.
Index to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 (Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(In thousands except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Sun BioPharma, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Sun BioPharma, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary Sun BioPharma Australia Pty Ltd. (collectively “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company”) exist for the primary purpose of advancing the commercial development of a proprietary polyamine analogue for pancreatic cancer and for a second indication in chronic pancreatitis. We have exclusively licensed the worldwide rights to this compound, which has been designated as SBP-101, from the University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. (“UFRF”).

The Company operates in a highly regulated and competitive environment. The development, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products require approval from, and are subject to ongoing oversight by, the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in the United States, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (“TGA”) in Australia, the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in the European Union, and comparable agencies in other countries. Obtaining approval for a new pharmaceutical product is never certain, may take many years, and is normally expected to involve substantial expenditures.

We have incurred losses of $27.0 million since our inception in 2011. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred a net loss of $8.2 million, which includes a non-cash charge of $3.7 million related to the induced conversion of $2.9 million of convertible promissory notes and accrued interest, originally issued in 2013 and 2014, and $250,000 of demand notes, originally issued in September 2015, into shares of our common stock. We also incurred negative cash flows from operating activities of $2.6 million for this period. We expect to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future, which will continue to generate negative net cash flows from operating activities, as we continue to pursue development activities and seek to commercialize our initial product candidate, SBP-101. As of September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $943,000, negative working capital of $616,000 and a stockholders’ deficit of $2.1 million. The Company’s principal sources of cash have historically included the issuance of convertible debt and equity securities.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern which contemplates the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability or classification of assets or the amounts of liabilities that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Our current independent registered public accounting firm, included a paragraph emphasizing this going concern uncertainty in their audit report covering our 2016 financial statements dated March 30, 2017. Our ability to continue as a going concern, realize the carrying value of our assets and discharge our liabilities in the ordinary course of business is dependent upon a number of factors, including our ability to obtain additional financing, the success of our development efforts, our ability to obtain marketing approval for our SBP-101 product candidate in the United States, Australia, the European Union or other markets and ultimately our ability to market and sell our SBP-101 product candidate. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue operations as a going concern. See Note 4 titled “Liquidity and Management’s Plans.”

We have prepared the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with US accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring accruals, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations and consolidated cash flows for the periods and as of the dates presented. Our fiscal year ends on December 31. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2017 and our other filings with the SEC. The nature of our business is such that the results of any interim period may not be indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.

Effective November 7, 2017, we implemented a 1-for-10 reverse split of our common stock. As previously announced, the reverse stock split was approved by our stockholders as of September 12, 2017, and was intended to increase the market price per share of our common stock to a level that qualifies for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Concurrent with the reverse stock split, there was a 50% reduction in the number of shares authorized for issuance by the Company. All references to share and per share amounts included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse split. See Note 10 titled “Subsequent Events” for additional information.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncement

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The guidance in ASU 2016-09 is intended to simplify aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payments, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory withholding requirements, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Non-controlling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2017-11, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, did not have any impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

We will need to obtain additional funds to continue our operations and execute our current business plans. We may seek to raise additional funds through various sources, such as equity and debt financings, or through strategic collaborations and license agreements. We can give no assurances that we will be able to secure additional sources of funds to support our operations, or if such funds are available to us, that such additional financing will be sufficient to meet our needs or on terms acceptable to us. This risk would increase if our clinical data is inconclusive or not positive or economic conditions worsen in the market as a whole or in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology markets individually.

On July 3, 2017, we received a research and development tax incentive payment from the government of Australia related to the research activities of our Australian subsidiary during 2016. The incentive payment received was approximately $460,000.

During February and March 2017, we issued convertible promissory notes raising gross proceeds of approximately $3.1 million which are convertible into our common stock or other securities upon the completion of a qualified financing of at least $2.0 million on or before the maturity of the notes. In addition we negotiated the conversion of approximately $3.1 million of previously outstanding debt and accrued interest into 418,332 shares of our common stock. See Note 7 titled “Indebtedness.”

If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, we will need to reduce our operations by taking actions that may include, among other things, reducing use of outside professional service providers, reducing staff or further reducing staff compensation, significantly modifying or delaying the development of our SBP-101 product candidate, licensing rights to third parties, including the right to commercialize our SBP-101 product candidate for pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis or other applications that we would otherwise seek to pursue, or discontinuing operations entirely.

Our future success is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing, the success of our development efforts, our ability to obtain marketing approval for our SBP-101 product candidate in the United States or other markets and ultimately our ability to market and sell our SBP-101 product candidate. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, if our clinical trials are not successful or if we are unable to obtain marketing approval, we would not be able to continue as a going concern and would be forced to cease operations and liquidate our company.

There can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain additional financing on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The sale of additional convertible debt or equity securities would likely result in dilution to our current stockholders

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and expenses of Sun BioPharma, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Beneficial conversion feature

For convertible debt where the rate of conversion is below fair market value for our common stock, the Company records a "beneficial conversion feature (“BCF“) and related debt discount which is presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt. The discount is amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt.

Debt issuance costs

Costs associated with the issuance of debt instruments are capitalized and presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. These costs are amortized through interest expense over the life of the related debt.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs include expenses incurred in the conduct of our Phase 1 human clinical trial, for third-party service providers performing various testing and accumulating data related to our preclinical studies; sponsored research agreements; developing and scaling the manufacturing process necessary to produce sufficient amounts of the SBP-101 compound for use in our pre-clinical studies and human clinical trials; consulting resources with specialized expertise related to execution of our development plan for our SBP-101 product candidate; personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and share-based compensation; and costs to license and maintain our licensed intellectual property.

We charge research and development costs, including clinical trial costs, to expense when incurred. Our human clinical trials are, and will be, performed at clinical trial sites and are administered jointly by us with assistance from contract research organizations (“CROs”). Costs of setting up clinical trial sites are accrued upon execution of the study agreement. Expenses related to the performance of clinical trials generally are accrued based on contracted amounts and the achievement of agreed upon milestones, such as patient enrollment, patient follow-up, etc. We monitor levels of performance under each significant contract, including the extent of patient enrollment and other activities through communications with the clinical trial sites and CROs, and adjust the estimates, if required, on a quarterly basis so that clinical expenses reflect the actual effort expended at each clinical trial site and by each CRO. All material CRO contracts are terminable by us upon written notice and we are generally only liable for actual effort expended by the CROs and certain non-cancelable expenses incurred at any point of termination

We expense costs associated with obtaining licenses for patented technologies when it is determined there is no alternative future use of the intellectual property subject to the license.

Share-based compensation

In accounting for share-based incentive awards we measure and recognize the cost of employee and non-employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Calculating share-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, which represent our best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Compensation cost is recognized ratably using the straight-line attribution method over the vesting period, which is considered to be the requisite service period. The performance date for non-employee awards is generally not met until the individual award vests. Accordingly we re-measure the current fair value each quarter until the award vests. Compensation expense for performance-based stock option awards is recognized when “performance” has occurred or is probable of occurring.

The fair value of share-based awards is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards is affected by our stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. Risk free interest rates are based upon U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term of each award. Expected volatility rates are based primarily on the volatility rates of a set of guideline companies, which consist of public and recently public biotechnology companies. The assumed dividend yield is zero, as we do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future. The expected term of options granted is determined using the “simplified” method. Under this approach, the expected term is presumed to be the mid-point between the average vesting date and the end of the contractual term.

Foreign currency translation adjustments

The functional currency of Sun BioPharma Australia Pty Ltd is the Australian Dollar (“AUD”). Accordingly, assets and liabilities, and equity transactions of Sun BioPharma Australia Pty Ltd are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate in effect for the period. The resulting translation gains and losses are recorded as a component of accumulated comprehensive loss presented within the stockholders’ deficit. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, any reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive loss to operations was inconsequential.

Grant Income

Grant income is derived from a one-time grant awarded to the Company by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health “Grant Agreement”. The total grant awarded under the Grant Agreement was $225,000 and is intended to fund studies of SBP-101 as a potential treatment for pancreatitis. Grant income is recognized as a non-operating income when the related research and development expenses are incurred, terms of the grant have been complied with and the Company is eligible for reimbursement under the Grant Agreement.

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss consists of our net loss and the effects of foreign currency translation.

Net loss per share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is based on the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period plus dilutive potential common shares calculated using the treasury stock method. Such potentially dilutive shares are excluded when the effect would be anti-dilutive, or reduce a net loss per share. The Company’s potential dilutive shares, which include outstanding common stock options and warrants, have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for all periods as the result would be anti-dilutive.

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share for each of the periods presented (in thousands, except share and per share data):

The following table sets forth the potential shares of common stock that were not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effects would have been anti-dilutive:

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

Effective October 1, 2017, we amended the previously disclosed employment agreements, as amended, with our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Medical Officer (the “Employees”). These amendments discontinued the “accrued compensation” provision that was introduced with the prior amendments to the employment agreements between the Company and each of the Employees dated September 12, 2016. These amendments also include a provision whereby if the Company closes an underwritten public offering of its securities that include shares of common stock, then each of these Employees will, in lieu of cash payment for the previously accrued compensation, instead receive one or more equity awards under the Company’s 2016 Omnibus Equity Incentive plan. See Note 10 titled “Subsequent Events.”

2017 Convertible notes payable

On each of February 17, March 3, March 10 and March 17, 2017, we entered into Note Purchase Agreements (the “Note Agreements”) with a number of accredited investors in private transactions. Pursuant to these Note Agreements, we sold convertible promissory notes (the “2017 Notes”) raising gross proceeds of approximately $3.1 million. The 2017 Notes are scheduled to mature on December 1, 2018 and bear interest at a rate of 5.0% per year. Principal and interest on the 2017 Notes are payable at maturity. The Company may prepay the 2017 Notes in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium. The 2017 Notes are convertible into shares of common stock or other securities of the Company upon the occurrence of a Qualified Financing, including the sale of equity securities or a strategic partnership, raising gross proceeds of at least $2.0 million on or before the maturity of the 2017 Notes or upon the request of a holder of any 2017 Note at a fixed conversion rate of $10.10 per share. Upon issuance, the 2017 Notes were convertible into our common stock at a conversion rate of $10.10 per share. The fair market value of our stock on the dates of issuance ranged from $15.00 to $39.00 per share. Therefore the 2017 Notes contained a beneficial conversion feature with an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $3.0 million, which is recorded as a debt discount and is presented as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the 2017 Notes and will be amortized through interest expense over the life of the 2017 Notes. Upon the occurrence of certain events of default, the 2017 Notes require the Company to repay the unpaid principal amount of the Notes and any unpaid accrued interest. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the sales of the Notes for working capital and general corporate purposes. One of our stockholders, who beneficially owns more than 10% of our common stock, purchased $200,000 of the 2017 Notes.

2013 Convertible notes payable

In 2013, we initiated an offering of convertible promissory notes (the “2013 Notes”). In total, gross proceeds raised were $3.1 million. The 2013 Notes accrue interest at 5% per year, payable quarterly, are convertible into shares of common stock at $11.25 per share at the option of the holder and mature in December 2018. The Company had not paid the required quarterly interest for the 2013 Notes since the quarter ended March 31, 2016. This constituted an event of default under which the note holders could have demanded immediate payment of the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest.

In March 2017, we offered to all holders of outstanding 2013 Notes, who were accredited investors, an opportunity to convert all outstanding principal and accrued interest through March 31, 2017 into shares of our common stock at a rate of $7.50 per share. The offered conversion rate represented a $3.75, or 33.3%, discount from the rate stated in the terms of the 2013 Notes, which at the time was $11.25 per share. Holders of $2,750,000 aggregate principal amount of the 2013 Notes accepted the offer to convert and on March 31, 2017 we issued 385,000 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender of the 2013 Notes which included $138,000 of accrued but unpaid interest. The fair market value of the shares issued was $11.5 million, compared to $8.5 million under the original conversion terms, resulting in a loss on the induced debt conversion of approximately $3.0 million. One of our stockholders, who beneficially owns more than 10% of our common stock, converted $700,000 aggregate principal amount of 2013 Notes, along with $35,000 of accrued but unpaid interest, into 98,000 shares of our common stock. The shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act as securities exchanged by an issuer with existing security holders where no commission or other remuneration is paid or given directly or indirectly by the issuer for soliciting such exchange.

Demand notes payable

In September 2015, we assumed $250,000 of unsecured demand notes in conjunction with our merger with Cimarron Medical, Inc. that were previously issued by Cimarron (the “Demand Notes”).

We included the holders of Demand Notes in our offer to convert all outstanding principal into shares of our common stock at a rate of $7.50 per share. The Demand Notes had no conversion feature. The holders of all $250,000 aggregate principal amount of the Demand Notes accepted the offer to convert and on March 31, 2017 we issued 33,332 shares of common stock in exchange for the surrender of all Demand Notes. The fair market value of the shares issued was $1.0 million resulting in a loss on induced debt conversion of $700,000. The shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act as securities exchanged by an issuer with existing security holders where no commission or other remuneration is paid or given directly or indirectly by the issuer for soliciting such exchange.

The following table sets forth the changes in convertible and demand notes payable during the nine months ended September 30 2017 (in thousands):

Term debt

On October 26, 2012, we entered into an unsecured loan agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Institute for Commercialization of Public Research, Inc. (the "Institute"). Under the terms of the agreement, we borrowed $300,000 at a fixed interest rate of 4.125%. No principal or interest payments were due until the maturity date, October 26, 2017, unless a mandatory repayment event occurred.

Effective October 26, 2017, we entered into an amendment to our unsecured loan agreement with the Institute for Commercialization of Public Research, Inc. Under the terms of the amendment the maturity date of the note was extended to May 1, 2019 with monthly payments of $10,000 to begin on May 1, 2018 with the remaining balance due in full on May 1, 2019. The monthly payments will apply first to accrued and unpaid interest. Accordingly, the outstanding principal is presented as a long term liability in the September 30, 2017 balance sheet.

Debt issuance costs and discount

The following table summarizes the deferred financing costs which are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of their related debt liabilities (in thousands):

 Shares reserved

Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance are as follows:

2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The Sun BioPharma, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) was adopted by our Board of Directors in March 2016 and approved by our stockholders at our annual meeting of stockholders on May 17, 2016. The 2016 Plan permits the granting of incentive and non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance units, performance shares and other stock awards to eligible employees, directors and consultants. We grant options to purchase shares of common stock under the 2016 Plan at no less than the fair market value of the underlying common stock as of the date of grant. Options granted under the Plan have a maximum term of ten years. Under the Plan, a total of 1,500,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. As of September 30, 2017, options to purchase 389,600 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 2016 Plan.

2011 Stock Option Plan

The Sun BioPharma, Inc. 2011 Stock Option Plan (the “2011 Plan”) was terminated in conjunction with stockholder approval of the 2016 Plan, although awards outstanding under the 2011 Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with and pursuant to the terms thereof. Options granted under the 2011 Plan have a maximum term of ten years and generally vest over zero to two years for employees. As of September 30, 2017, options to purchase 294,360 shares of common stock remained outstanding under the 2011 Plan.

Share-based compensation expense for each of the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):

A summary of option activity is as follows:

Information about stock options outstanding, vested and expected to vest as of September 30, 2017, is as follows:

As of September 30, 2017 total compensation expense related to unvested employee stock options not yet recognized was $1.1 million, which is expected to be allocated to expenses over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.2 years.

Nonemployee share-based compensation

We account for stock options granted to nonemployees in accordance with FASB ASC 505. In connection with stock options granted to nonemployees, we recorded $397,000 and $0 for nonemployee share-based compensation during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts were based upon the fair values of the vested portion of the grants. Amounts expensed during the remaining vesting period will be determined based on the fair value at the time of vesting.

The estimated fair values of the stock options issued to employees and non-employees were calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model, based on the following assumptions for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

Reverse stock split

Effective November 7, 2017, we implemented a 1-for-10 reverse split of our common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Stockholders received a proportionate cash payment for any fractional shares based upon the closing price of our common stock on the effective date of the reverse stock split. The reverse stock split was intended to increase the market price per share of our common stock to a level that qualifies for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Company is taking additional actions to meet the remaining listing requirements. Until the Company meets the criteria for listing and an application for listing is accepted by Nasdaq, which may not happen within a reasonable time frame, if at all, its common stock will continue to be eligible for quotation on the OTCQB Venture Marketplace tier of the over-the-counter markets administered by the OTC Markets Group, Inc. under the symbol ”SNBP“. The reverse stock split did not affect the par value of our common stock, however, concurrent with the reverse stock split, the number of shares of common and preferred stock authorized for issuance by the Company was reduced by 50% to 100,000,000 and 10,000,000, respectively. Proportional adjustments were also made to the Company’s 2016 Omnibus Incentive Plan, outstanding stock options, warrants and outstanding convertible notes payable. The new CUSIP number for our common stock following the reverse stock split is 8666M 206. All references to share and per share amounts included in these condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse split.

Amendment to employment agreements

Effective October 1, 2017, we entered into second amendments (collectively, the “Amendments”) to the previously disclosed employment agreements, as amended (the “Agreements”), with our Executive Chairman, Michael T. Cullen, M.D., M.B.A., our President and Chief Executive Officer, David B. Kaysen, our Chief Financial Officer, Scott Kellen and our Chief Medical Officer, Suzanne Gagnon, M.D. ( the “Employees”).

For Dr. Cullen, Mr. Kaysen and Dr. Gagnon, the Amendments established new annual base salaries representing a 25% reduction from prior levels. Mr. Kellen’s annual base salary remained unchanged. Each Amendment further discontinued the “accrued compensation” provision that was introduced with the prior amendments to the Agreements between the Company and each of the Employees dated September 12, 2016 (the “Prior Amendments”).

As a result of the Amendments, each of the Employees continues to be eligible to receive a cash payment in an amount equal to the amount that previously accumulated under the “accrued compensation” provision through September 30, 2017. The cash payment would become due upon a change of control (as defined in the Agreements) or the Company’s issuance of equity securities (including any securities that are convertible into or exercisable for equity securities) resulting in gross cash proceeds of $10,000,000 or more (a “Qualified Offering”). If neither a change of control nor a Qualified Offering occurs on or before June 30, 2018, then the right to cash payment will be forfeited. The potential cash payments as of September 30, 2017 for Dr. Cullen, Mr. Kaysen, Mr. Kellen, and Dr. Gagnon are $410,136; $201,599; $97,208; and $385,036, respectively.

If, on or before June 30, 2018, the Company closes an underwritten public offering of its securities that include shares of common stock (whether or not such offering is a Qualified Offering), then each of the Employees will, in lieu of cash payment, instead receive one or more equity awards under the Company’s 2016 Omnibus Equity Incentive plan (the “Plan”). The equity awards would be in the form of an option to purchase shares of common stock and a potential additional award of shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Amendments, each Employee has agreed to automatically waive their rights to the cash payment discussed above in exchange for the equity awards. The number of shares underlying the potential stock option will be determined at the time the Company closes an underwritten public offering and is to be based on the amount of each Employee’s potential cash payment amount (identified above) divided by the value of an option to purchase a single share of common stock determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. The exercise price for each option award will equal “fair market value” as of the grant date determined in accordance with the Plan. If the number of shares underlying the option award is limited by the Plan, then the remainder will be issued in the form of a stock award.

The following discussion contains various forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Although we believe that, in making any such statement, our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, any such statement may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected. When used in the following discussion, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, certain of which are beyond our control, are set forth herein and in Part I, Item 1A under the caption “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking statements. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that any of the events anticipated by forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do occur, what impact they will have on us. We caution you to keep in mind the cautions and risks described in this document and to refrain from attributing undue certainty to any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of the document in which they appear. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement.

Overview

Sun BioPharma, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sun BioPharma Australia Pty Ltd. (collectively “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company”) exist for the primary purpose of advancing the commercial development of a proprietary polyamine analogue for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer and for a second indication in chronic pancreatitis. We have exclusively licensed worldwide rights to this compound, which has been designated as SBP-101, from University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. (“UFRF”).

In August 2015, the U.S. FDA granted an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) approval for our SBP-101 product candidate. We are currently concluding a clinical trial of SBP-101 in patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. This is a Phase 1, first-in-human, dose-escalation, safety study. We began enrolling patients on January 4, 2016 and completed treatment of five patient cohorts totaling 25 patients. After review of the data from the fifth cohort patients by the independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (“DSMB”), dose limiting toxicities (“DLTs”) were deemed to have occurred in two patients enrolled in the fifth cohort. As a result, and consistent with the study protocol, the DSMB recommended that the Company de-escalate the dose level in the next cohort of patients. Accordingly, four additional patients were enrolled in a sixth patient cohort at a reduced dose level recommended by the DSMB. On October 9, 2017, we announced that patient enrollment has been completed for this study and the DSMB has recommended a safe and well-tolerated dose level for use in further clinical development. In addition, we have begun the development of a protocol for a new study to evaluate the use of SBP-101 in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in previously untreated patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

This study has been conducted at clinical sites in both Australia and the United States including The Mayo Clinic Scottsdale and HonorHealth in Scottsdale, AZ, the Austin Health Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre in Melbourne, Australia and the Ashford Cancer Centre in Adelaide, Australia.

Additional clinical trials will be required for FDA or other similar approvals if the results of the first clinical trial of our SBP-101 product candidate justify continued development. We estimate that the additional time and cost to obtain FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approval and to bring our SBP-101 product candidate to market as a treatment for pancreatic cancer could be 6 to 7 years and cost up to $200 million.

Financial Overview 

We have incurred losses of $27.0 million since our inception in 2011. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred a net loss of $8.2 million, which includes a non-cash charge of $3.7 million related to the induced conversions of $2.9 million of convertible promissory notes, including accrued but unpaid interest, originally issued in 2013 and 2014, and $250,000 aggregate principal amount of demand notes originally issued in September 2015. We also incurred negative cash flows from operating activities of $2.6 million for this period. We expect to incur substantial losses, which will continue to generate negative net cash flows from operating activities, as we continue to pursue research and development activities and commercialize our SBP-101 product candidate.

During February and March 2017, we issued convertible promissory notes raising gross proceeds of approximately $3.1 million which are convertible into our common stock or other securities upon the completion of a qualified financing of at least $2.0 million on or before the maturity of the notes. In addition, we negotiated the conversion of approximately $3.1 million of previously outstanding debt and accrued interest into 418,332 shares of our common stock. See Note 7 titled “Indebtedness” in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this report.

On July 3, 2017, we received a research and development tax incentive payment from the government of Australia related to the research activities of our Australian subsidiary during 2016. The incentive payment received was approximately $460,000.

Our cash and cash equivalents were $943,000 as of September 30, 2017, compared to $438,000 as of December 31, 2016.

On March 1, 2016 we instituted substantial salary deferrals for all senior employees in order to conserve cash. Effective October 1, 2017, we entered into second amendments to the previously disclosed employment agreements, as amended, with our Executive Chairman, Michael T. Cullen, M.D., M.B.A., our President and Chief Executive Officer, David B. Kaysen, our Chief Financial Officer, Scott Kellen and our Chief Medical Officer, Suzanne Gagnon, M.D. ( the “Employees”). For Dr. Cullen, Mr. Kaysen and Dr. Gagnon, the Amendments established new annual base salaries representing a 25% reduction from prior levels. Mr. Kellen’s annual base salary remained unchanged. Each amendment further discontinued the salary deferrals. See Note 10 titled “Subsequent Events” in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this report.

We will need to obtain additional funds to continue our operations and execute our current business plans, including completing our current Phase 1 clinical trial, planning for required future trials and pursuing regulatory approvals in the United States, the European Union and other international markets. We historically have financed our operations principally from the sale of convertible debt and equity securities. While we have been successful in the past in obtaining the necessary capital to support our operations, and we are likely to seek additional financing through similar means, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing under commercially reasonable terms and conditions, or at all. This risk would increase if our clinical data is inconclusive or not positive or economic conditions worsen in the market as a whole or in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology markets individually.

If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, we will need to reduce our operations by taking actions that may include, among other things, reducing use of outside professional service providers, reducing staff or further reducing staff compensation, significantly modifying or delaying the development of our SBP-101 product candidate, licensing rights to third parties, including the right to commercialize our SBP-101 product candidate for pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis or other applications that we would otherwise seek to pursue, or discontinue operations entirely.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 (in thousands):

“nm” = not meaningful.

Research and development and general and administrative expenses include non-cash share-based compensation expense as a result of our issuance of stock options. We expense the fair value of equity awards over their vesting periods. The terms and vesting schedules for share-based awards vary by type of grant and the employment status of the grantee. The awards granted through September 30, 2017 vest upon performance and time-based conditions. We expect to record additional noncash share-based compensation expense in the future, which may be significant.

The following table summarizes the share-based compensation expense in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. No share-based compensation was recorded during the comparable period in 2016. (in thousands):

General and administrative expense

Our general and administrative (“G&A”) expenses increased 3.2% to $515,000 in the third quarter of 2017 up from $499,000 in the third quarter of 2016. G&A expenses increased 61.0% to $2.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 up from $1.4 million in the comparable period of 2016. These increases resulted primarily from increases in non-cash, share-based compensation expense during the current year partially offset current year reductions in legal and accounting costs.

Research and development expense

Our research and development (“R&D”) expenses decreased 16.7% to $530,000 in the third quarter of 2017, down from $636,000 in the third quarter of 2016. R&D expenses increased 18.0% to $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, up from $1.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The current quarter decrease in R&D expense was due primarily to reduced costs of manufacturing and manufacturing process development, which was materially completed in 2016, and fewer study patient enrollments in the third quarter of 2017, partially offset by contract research costs incurred in conjunction with our NIH sponsored pancreatitis study. The increased costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 resulted primarily from the costs of our Phase 1 clinical trial and non-cash share-based compensation expense recorded during the current year. There was no share-based compensation expense recorded during the first nine months of 2016.

Other income (expense), net

Other expense, net, was $371,000 in the current quarter compared to other income, net, of $11,000 in the third quarter of 2017. Other expense, net, increased to $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, up from $70,000 in the same period of the prior year. The increase in the current quarter was primarily due to increased interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount on the 2017 convertible notes payable, partially offset by grant income earned during the current year received under a research grant awarded to the Company in 2016. On a year-to-date basis, the increase was due primarily to charges recorded related to the induced conversion of debt and increased interest expense resulting from the amortization of the discount on the 2017 convertible notes payable. These expenses were partially offset by a foreign currency transaction gains recognized by our Australian subsidiary and grant income earned during the current year period.

Income tax benefit

Income tax benefit increased 337.8% to $197,000 and 82.5% to $460,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Our income tax benefit is derived primarily from refundable tax credits associated with our R&D activities conducted in Australia.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our liquidity and capital resources as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and our cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 and is intended to supplement the more detailed discussion that follows (in thousands):

Working Capital

Our total cash was $943,000 as of September 30, 2017, compared to $438,000 as of December 31, 2016. We had $2.1 million in current liabilities, and negative working capital of $616,000 as of September 30, 2017, compared to $5.5 million in current liabilities and a working capital deficit of $4.6 million as of December 31, 2016.

Cash Flows

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $2.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $1.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The net cash used in each of these periods primarily reflects the net loss for these periods, and is partially offset by the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the net loss is also offset by a non-cash charge of $3.7 million related to the induced conversions of $2.9 million of convertible promissory notes, including accrued but unpaid interest, and $250,000 aggregate principal amount of demand notes and a non-cash charge of $961,000 related to the amortization of the discount on the 2017 convertible notes payable.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which was comprised primarily of net proceeds from the sale of convertible promissory notes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, net cash provided by financing activities was $1.9 million which resulted from net proceeds received in the sale of common stock and warrants.

Capital Requirements

We expect to incur substantial losses, which will continue to generate negative net cash flows from operating activities, as we continue to pursue research and development activities and commercialize our SBP-101 product candidate.

Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous current and future factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

To date, we have used primarily convertible debt and equity financings to fund our ongoing business operations and short-term liquidity needs, and we expect to continue this practice for the foreseeable future.

Although we do not have any current capital commitments, we expect that we will increase our projected expenditures once we have additional capital on hand in order to continue our efforts to grow our business and continue to conduct clinical trials for our SBP-101 product candidate. Accordingly, we expect to make additional expenditures in completing our Phase 1 clinical trial and related support activities. With sufficient capital, we also expect to invest in research and development efforts of follow-on products. However, we do not have any definitive plans as to the exact amounts or particular uses at this time, and the exact amounts and timing of any expenditure may vary significantly from our current intentions.

We will need to obtain additional funds to continue our operations and execute our business plans, including completing our current Phase 1 clinical, planning for required future trials and pursuing regulatory approvals in the United States, the European Union and other international markets. We historically have financed our operations principally from the sale of convertible debt and equity securities. While we have been successful in the past in obtaining the necessary capital to support our operations, and we are likely to seek additional financing through similar means, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing under commercially reasonable terms and conditions, or at all. This risk would increase if our clinical data is inconclusive or not positive or economic conditions worsen in the market as a whole or in the pharmaceutical or biotechnology markets individually.

As of September 30, 2017, we did not have any existing credit facilities under which we could borrow funds.

During February and March 2017, we sold convertible promissory notes raising gross proceeds of approximately $3.1 million which are mandatorily convertible into our common stock upon a completion of a qualified financing of at least $2.0 million. In March 2017, we converted approximately $3.1 million of outstanding debt and accrued interest into our common stock. See note 7 titled “Indebtedness” in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this report.

If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, we will need to reduce our operations by taking actions which may include, among other things, reducing use of outside professional service providers, reducing staff or further reduce staff compensation, significantly modifying or delaying the development of our SBP-101 product candidate, licensing rights to third parties, including the right to commercialize our SBP-101 product candidate for pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis or other applications that we would otherwise seek to pursue, or discontinuing operations entirely.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the interests of our current stockholders would be diluted, and the terms may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our current stockholders. If we issue preferred stock, it could affect the rights of our stockholders or reduce the value of our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, sinking fund provisions, and restrictions on our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Any of these events could adversely affect our ability to achieve our regulatory approvals and commercialization goals and harm our business.

Our future success is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing, the success of our current Phase 1 clinical trial and required future trials, our ability to obtain marketing approval for our SBP-101 product candidate in the United States, the European Union and other international markets. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed, if our Phase 1 clinical trial is not successful, if we do not receive regulatory approval required future trials or if once these studies are concluded, we do not receive marketing approval for our SBP-101 product candidate, we would not be able to continue as a going concern and would be forced to cease operations. The interim financial statements included in this report have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability or classification of assets or the amounts of liabilities that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Indebtedness

As of September 30, 2017 we had $3.1 million aggregate principal amount of convertible promissory notes outstanding. Of this amount, $3,076,000 aggregate principal amount was outstanding under the 2017 Notes, which accrue interest at 5.0% per year and are convertible into common stock or other securities upon the completion of a qualified financing of at least $2.0 million on or before the maturity of the 2017 Notes, or upon the request of a holder at a fixed conversion rate of $10.10 per share. The 2017 Notes mature in December 2018 at which time all principal and interest are payable. One 2013 Note remains outstanding in a principal amount of $25,000, which accrues interest of 5% per year, payable quarterly, and is convertible into common stock at $11.25 per share. The 2013 Note matures in December 2018. We also had $300,000 outstanding in an unsecured loan that accrues annual interest of 4.125%. The terms of this loan were amended in October 2017 to extend the maturity date to May 1, 2019 with monthly payments of $10,000 commencing on May 1, 2108.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are set forth in notes accompanying the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this document. The accounting policies used in preparing our interim fiscal 2017 condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Regulation S-K Item 303(a)(4), that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. As a result, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these arrangements.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide disclosure pursuant to this item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. As of the date of this filing, management has not identified any material weaknesses but believes that it does have a significant deficiency in that it has insufficient personnel resources within the accounting function to fully segregate the duties over financial transaction processing and reporting. Management has mitigated this deficiency primarily through greater involvement in the review and monitoring of financial transaction processing and reporting by executive and senior management.

We believe that our internal control system provides reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All internal controls over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even effective internal controls over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting may vary over time.

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have not identified any change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. 

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Other than as set forth below, there have been no other material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 30, 2017.

We face significant risks in our product candidate development efforts.

Our business depends on the successful development and commercialization of our product candidates. We are currently focused on developing our initial product candidate, SBP-101, for the treatment of Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (“PDA”) and are not permitted to market it in the United States until we receive approval of a new drug application (“NDA”) from the FDA, or in any foreign jurisdiction until we receive the requisite approvals from such jurisdiction. The process of developing new drugs and/or therapeutic products is inherently complex, unpredictable, time-consuming, expensive and uncertain. We must make long-term investments and commit significant resources before knowing whether our development programs will result in drugs that will receive regulatory approval and achieve market acceptance. A product candidate that appears to be promising at all stages of development may not reach the market for a number of reasons that may not be predictable based on results and data from the clinical program. A product candidates may be found ineffective or may cause harmful side effects during clinical trials, may take longer to progress through clinical trials than had been anticipated, may not be able to achieve the pre-defined clinical endpoints even though clinical benefit may have been achieved, may fail to receive necessary regulatory approvals, may prove impracticable to manufacture in commercial quantities at reasonable cost and with acceptable quality, or may fail to achieve market acceptance.

We cannot predict whether or when we will obtain regulatory approval to commercialize our initial product candidate and we cannot, therefore, predict the timing of any future revenues from this or other product candidates, if any. The FDA has substantial discretion in the drug approval process, including the ability to delay, limit or deny approval of a product candidate for many reasons. For example, the FDA:

Any failure to obtain regulatory approval of our initial product candidate or future product candidates we develop, if any, would significantly limit our ability to generate revenues, and any failure to obtain such approval for all of the indications and labeling claims we deem desirable could reduce our potential revenues.

The results of pre-clinical studies and completed clinical trials are not necessarily predictive of future results, and our current product candidates may not have favorable results in later studies or trials.

Pre-clinical studies and Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials are not primarily designed to test the efficacy of a product candidate in the general population, but rather to test initial safety, to study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to study limited efficacy in a small number of study patients in a selected disease population, and to identify and attempt to understand the product candidate’s side effects at various doses and dosing schedules. Success in pre-clinical studies or completed clinical trials does not ensure that later studies or trials, including continuing pre-clinical studies and large-scale clinical trials, will be successful nor does it necessarily predict future results. Favorable results in early studies or trials may not be repeated in later studies or trials, and product candidates in later stage trials may fail to show acceptable safety and efficacy despite having progressed through earlier trials.

We lack sales, marketing and distribution capabilities and currently expect to rely on third parties to market and distribute our product candidate, which may harm or delay our commercialization efforts.

We currently have no sales, marketing, or distribution capabilities and do not currently intend to develop such capabilities in the foreseeable future. If we are unable to partner with a larger pharmaceutical organization having the expertise and capacity to perform these functions, then we may be unable to sell any product that we develop. We may not be able to enter into any necessary arrangements, including marketing or distribution agreements, on acceptable terms, if at all. Should our strategic partners, if any, be unable to effectively sell our products, then our ability to generate revenues will be significantly harmed.

We may not be able to list our common stock on a national securities exchange.

As of November 6, 2017, the closing price for our common stock as reported on the OTCQB Marketplace was $1.39 per share. We cannot assure you that the reverse stock split, by itself, will be sufficient to allow us to accomplish our objective to obtain a listing on a national securities exchange. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not decrease to its pre-split level or that we will satisfy the other listing criteria or will be able to obtain a listing on any national securities exchange, or to maintain such listing for any meaningful period of time. In addition to specific listing and maintenance standards, the Nasdaq Capital Market has broad discretionary authority over the initial and continued listing of securities, which it could exercise with respect to the listing of our common stock. If we are unable to meet the minimum bid price requirement of The Nasdaq Capital Market or are otherwise unable to obtain a listing on a national securities exchange, then our common will continue to be quoted on the over-the-counter markets indefinitely. Unless our common stock becomes listed on a national securities exchange or it qualifies for another exception, our common stock will generally remain a “penny stock.”

The reverse stock split could decrease the liquidity of our stock.

The number of shares held by each individual stockholder was be reduced as a result of the reverse stock split. This may have also reduced the number of stockholders who hold more than a “round lot,” or 100 shares. This has two disadvantages. For example, decreasing our number of round lot stockholders may impair our ability to comply with the rules of a national securities exchange like the Nasdaq Capital Market, which requires companies applying for listing to have at least 300 round lot stockholders. Additionally, the transaction costs to stockholders selling “odd lots” are typically higher on a per share basis. Although our Board believes that the decrease in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as a consequence of the reverse stock split and the resulting increase in the market price of our common stock has likely encouraged interest in our common stock and promoted greater liquidity for our stockholders, such liquidity could also be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the reverse stock split. As a result, there can be no assurance that the reverse stock split will result in the intended benefits described above or that the market price of our common stock will not decrease in the future.

The trading price of our common stock may not be high enough to attract new investors, including institutional investors, and may not satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. Consequently, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not improve as a result of the reverse stock split.

There can be no assurance that the reverse stock split has resulted in a share price that will attract new investors, including institutional investors, or that the share price will satisfy the investing requirements of those investors. As a result, the trading liquidity of our common stock may not necessarily improve, our share price may decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.

None.

None.

Not applicable.

None.

Unless otherwise indicated, all documents incorporated into this quarterly report on Form 10-Q by reference to a document filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act are located under SEC file number 000-55242.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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