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PARK OHIO HOLDINGS CORP - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)

FORM 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
 
         
(Mark One)        
 
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934    
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008    
OR
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934    
    For the transition period from                         to                            
 
Commission file number 0-3134
PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
     
Ohio   34-1867219
 
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
 
     
6065 Parkland Boulevard
   
Cleveland, Ohio   44124
 
(Address of principal executive offices)
  (Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (440) 947-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
     
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
 
Common Stock, Par Value $1.00 Per Share   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is a successor issuer to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc.
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes o  No þ
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o  No þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ  No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
             
Large accelerated filer o
  Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller Reporting company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).  Yes o  No þ
 
Aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant: Approximately $119,641,700, based on the closing price of $14.76 per share of the registrant’s Common Stock on June 30, 2008.
 
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of February 27, 2009: 10,795,868.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 28, 2009 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
 


 

 
PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP.

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
                 
Item No.
      Page No.
 
 
1.
    Business     1  
 
1A.
    Risk Factors     7  
 
1B.
    Unresolved Staff Comments     13  
 
2.
    Properties     13  
 
3.
    Legal Proceedings     15  
 
4.
    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders     15  
 
4A.
    Executive Officers of the Registrant     16  
 
 
5.
    Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities     17  
 
6.
    Selected Financial Data     18  
 
7.
    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations     20  
 
7A.
    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk     33  
 
8.
    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data     33  
 
9.
    Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure     63  
 
9A.
    Controls and Procedures     63  
 
9B.
    Other Information     64  
 
 
10.
    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance     65  
 
11.
    Executive Compensation     65  
 
12.
    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters     65  
 
13.
    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence     66  
 
14.
    Principal Accountant Fees and Services     66  
 
 
15.
    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules     67  
      Signatures
 EX-21.1
 EX-23.1
 EX-24.1
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1


Table of Contents

 
Part I
 
Item 1.   Business
 
Overview
 
Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“Holdings”) was incorporated as an Ohio corporation in 1998. Holdings, primarily through the subsidiaries owned by its direct subsidiary, Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“Park-Ohio”), is an industrial supply chain logistics and diversified manufacturing business operating in three segments: Supply Technologies (formerly known as Integrated Logistics Solutions (“ILS”)), Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products.
 
References herein to “we” or “the Company” include, where applicable, Holdings, Park-Ohio and Holdings’ other direct and indirect subsidiaries.
 
Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Managementtm services for a broad range of high-volume, specialty production components. Our Aluminum Products business manufactures cast and machined aluminum components, and our Manufactured Products business is a major manufacturer of highly-engineered industrial products. Our businesses serve large, industrial original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in a variety of industrial sectors, including the automotive and vehicle parts, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, steel, rail, electrical distribution and controls, aerospace and defense, oil and gas, power sports/fitness equipment, HVAC, electrical components, appliance and semiconductor equipment industries. As of December 31, 2008, we employed approximately 3,500 persons.
 
The following table summarizes the key attributes of each of our business segments:
 
             
    Supply Technologies   Aluminum Products   Manufactured Products
 
NET SALES FOR 2008
  $521.3 million
(49% of total)
  $156.3 million
(15% of total)
  $391.2 million
(36% of total)
SELECTED PRODUCTS
  Sourcing, planning and procurement of over 175,000 production components, including:
•   Fasteners
•   Pins
•   Valves
•   Hoses
•   Wire harnesses
•   Clamps and fittings
•   Rubber and plastic components
  •   Control arms
•   Front engine covers
•   Cooling modules
•   Knuckles
•   Pump housings
•   Clutch retainers/pistons
•   Master cylinders
•   Pinion housings
•   Oil pans
•   Flywheel spacers
  •   Induction heating and melting systems
•   Pipe threading systems
•   Industrial oven systems
•   Injection molded rubber components
•   Forging presses
SELECTED INDUSTRIES SERVED  
•   Heavy-duty truck
•   Automotive and vehicle parts
•   Electrical distribution and controls
•   Power sports/fitness equipment
•   HVAC
•   Aerospace and defense
•   Electrical components
•   Appliance
•   Semiconductor equipment
  •   Automotive
•   Agricultural equipment
•   Construction equipment
•   Heavy-duty truck
•   Marine equipment
  •   Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
•   Coatings
•   Forging
•   Foundry
•   Heavy-duty truck
•   Construction equipment
•   Silicon
•   Automotive
•   Oil and gas
•   Rail and locomotive manufacturing
•   Aerospace and defense


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Supply Technologies
 
Our Supply Technologies business provides our customers with Total Supply Managementtm, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Managementtm includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. We operate 49 logistics service centers in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Puerto Rico, Scotland, Ireland, Hungary, China, Taiwan, Singapore and India, as well as production sourcing and support centers in Asia. Through our supply chain management programs, we supply more than 175,000 globally-sourced production components, many of which are specialized and customized to meet individual customers’ needs.
 
In October 2006, we acquired all of the capital stock of NABS, Inc. (“NABS”) for $21.2 million in cash. NABS is a premier international supply chain manager of production components, providing services to high technology companies in the computer, electronics, and consumer products industries. NABS has operations across Europe, Asia, Mexico and the United States. The historical financial data contained throughout this annual report on Form 10-K excludes the results of operations of NABS prior to October 18, 2006. See Note C to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
 
In July 2005, we acquired substantially all of the assets of the Purchased Parts Group, Inc. (“PPG”), a provider of supply chain management services for a broad range of production components. At acquisition date, PPG operated 12 service centers in the United States, of which nine have since been consolidated into other Supply Technologies operations, and also serves customers in the United Kingdom and Mexico. This acquisition added to our customer and supplier bases, and expanded our geographic presence. Supply Technologies has eliminated substantial overhead costs from PPG through the process of consolidating redundant service centers. The historical financial data contained throughout this annual report on Form 10-K exclude the results of operations of PPG prior to July 20, 2005.
 
Products and Services.  Total Supply Managementtm provides our customers with an expert partner in strategic planning, global sourcing, technical services, parts and materials, logistics, distribution and inventory management of production components. Some production components are characterized by low per unit supplier prices relative to the indirect costs of supplier management, quality assurance, inventory management and delivery to the production line. In addition, Supply Technologies delivers an increasingly broad range of higher-cost production components including valves, electro-mechanical hardware, fittings, steering components and many others. Applications engineering specialists and the direct sales force work closely with the engineering staff of OEM customers to recommend the appropriate production components for a new product or to suggest alternative components that reduce overall production costs, streamline assembly or enhance the appearance or performance of the end product. As an additional service, Supply Technologies recently began providing spare parts and aftermarket products to end users of its customers’ products.
 
Total Supply Managementtm services are typically provided to customers pursuant to sole-source arrangements. We believe our services distinguish us from traditional buy/sell distributors, as well as manufacturers who supply products directly to customers, because we outsource our customers’ high-volume production components supply chain management, providing processes customized to each customer’s needs and replacing numerous current suppliers with a sole-source relationship. Our highly-developed, customized, information systems provide transparency and flexibility through the complete supply chain. This enables our customers to: (1) significantly reduce the direct and indirect cost of production component processes by outsourcing internal purchasing, quality assurance and inventory fulfillment responsibilities; (2) reduce the amount of working capital invested in inventory and floor space; (3) reduce component costs through purchasing efficiencies, including bulk buying and supplier consolidation; and (4) receive technical expertise in production component selection and design and engineering. Our sole-source arrangements foster long-term, entrenched supply relationships with our customers


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and, as a result, the average tenure of service for our top 50 Supply Technologies clients exceeds twelve years. Supply Technologies’ remaining sales are generated through the wholesale supply of industrial products to other manufacturers and distributors pursuant to master or authorized distributor relationships.
 
The Supply Technologies segment also engineers and manufactures precision cold formed and cold extruded products, including locknuts, SPAC® nuts and wheel hardware, which are principally used in applications where controlled tightening is required due to high vibration. Supply Technologies produces both standard items and specialty products to customer specifications, which are used in large volumes by customers in the automotive, heavy-duty truck and rail industries.
 
Markets and Customers.  For the year ended December 31, 2008, approximately 75% of Supply Technologies’ net sales were to domestic customers. Remaining sales were primarily to manufacturing facilities of large, multinational customers located in Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. Total Supply Managementtm services and production components are used extensively in a variety of industries, and demand is generally related to the state of the economy and to the overall level of manufacturing activity.
 
Supply Technologies markets and sells its services to over 6,000 customers domestically and internationally. The principal markets served by Supply Technologies are the heavy-duty truck, automotive and vehicle parts, electrical distribution and controls, consumer electronics, power sports/fitness equipment, HVAC, agricultural and construction equipment, semiconductor equipment, plumbing, aerospace and defense, and appliance industries. The five largest customers, within which Supply Technologies sells through sole-source contracts to multiple operating divisions or locations, accounted for approximately 35% and 33% of the sales of Supply Technologies for 2008 and 2007, respectively, with Navistar, Inc. (“Navistar”) representing 17% and 13%, respectively, of segment sales. Two of the five largest customers are in the heavy-duty truck industry. The Company made a decision to exit its relationship with Navistar effective December 31, 2008, which, along with the general economic downturn, resulted in either the closure, downsizing or consolidation of eight facilities in the Company’s distribution network. The Company also evaluated its long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, (“FAS 144”), to determine whether the carrying amount of its long-lived assets was recoverable by comparing the carrying amount to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the carrying value of the assets exceeded the expected cash flows, the Company estimated the fair value of these assets to determine whether an impairment existed. The Company recorded restructuring and asset impairment charges of $13.4 million in 2008 and expects to record additional charges of $1.8 million in 2009 related to the Supply Technologies segment. See Note O to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein. The loss of any two of its remaining top five customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment.
 
Competition.  A limited number of companies compete with Supply Technologies to provide supply management services for production parts and materials. Supply Technologies competes in North America, Mexico, Europe and Asia, primarily on the basis of its Total Supply Managementtm services, including engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support, and its geographic reach, extensive product selection, price and reputation for high service levels. Numerous North American and foreign companies compete with Supply Technologies in manufacturing cold-formed and cold-extruded products.
 
Aluminum Products
 
We believe that we are one of the few aluminum component suppliers that has the capability to provide a wide range of high-volume, high-quality products utilizing a broad range of processes, including gravity and low pressure permanent mold, die-cast and lost-foam, as well as emerging alternative casting technologies. Our ability to offer our customers this comprehensive range of capabilities at a low cost


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provides us with a competitive advantage. We produce our aluminum components at seven manufacturing facilities in Ohio and Indiana.
 
Products and Services.  Our Aluminum Products business casts and machines aluminum engine, transmission, brake, suspension and other components for automotive, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck and marine equipment OEMs, primarily on a sole-source basis. Aluminum Products’ principal products include front engine covers, cooling modules, control arms, knuckles, pump housings, clutch retainers and pistons, master cylinders, pinion housings, oil pans and flywheel spacers. In addition, we also provide value-added services such as design engineering, machining and part assembly. Although these parts are lightweight, they possess high durability and integrity characteristics even under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.
 
Demand by automotive OEMs for aluminum castings has increased in recent years as they have sought lighter alternatives to steel and iron, primarily to increase fuel efficiency without compromising structural integrity. We believe that this replacement trend will continue as end-users and the regulatory environment require greater fuel efficiency.
 
Markets and Customers.  The five largest customers, within which Aluminum Products sells to multiple operating divisions through sole-source contracts, accounted for approximately 64% of Aluminum Products sales for 2008 and 55% for 2007. The loss of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of this segment.
 
During 2008, due to recent volume declines and volatility in the automotive markets, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“FAS 144”) and based on the results of its tests recorded asset impairment charges of $13.2 million related to the Aluminum Products segment. See Note O to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
 
Competition.  The aluminum castings industry serving North America has become less competitive as a result of recent bankruptcies. Aluminum Products competes principally on the basis of its ability to: (1) engineer and manufacture high-quality, cost-effective, machined castings utilizing multiple casting technologies in large volumes; (2) provide timely delivery; and (3) retain the manufacturing flexibility necessary to quickly adjust to the needs of its customers. There are few domestic companies with aluminum casting capabilities able to meet, the customers’ stringent quality and service standards and lean manufacturing techniques. As one of these suppliers, Aluminum Products is well-positioned to benefit as customers continue to consolidate their supplier base.
 
Manufactured Products
 
Our Manufactured Products segment operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems, rubber products and forged and machined products. We manufacture these products in eleven domestic facilities and ten international facilities in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, China and Japan. In January 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the capital stock of Foundry Service GmbH (“Foundry Service”). In December 2005, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Lectrotherm, Inc. (“Lectrotherm”), which is primarily a provider of field service and spare parts for induction heating and melting systems, located in Canton, Ohio.
 
Products and Services.  Our induction heating and melting business utilizes proprietary technology and specializes in the engineering, construction, service and repair of induction heating and melting systems, primarily for the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive and construction equipment industries. Our induction heating and melting systems are engineered and built to customer specifications and are used primarily for melting, heating, and surface hardening of metals and curing of coatings. Approximately 35% to 40% of our induction heating and melting systems’ revenues are derived from the sale of replacement parts and provision of field service, primarily for the


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installed base of our own products. Our pipe threading business serves the oil and gas industry. We also engineer and install mechanical forging presses, and sell spare parts and provide field service for the large existing base of mechanical forging presses and hammers in North America. We machine, induction harden and surface finish crankshafts and camshafts, used primarily in locomotives. We forge aerospace and defense structural components such as landing gears and struts, as well as rail products such as railcar center plates and draft lugs. We manufacture injection mold rubber and silicone products, including wire harnesses, shock and vibration mounts, spark plug boots and nipples and general sealing gaskets.
 
Markets and Customers.  We sell induction heating and other capital equipment to component manufacturers and OEMs in the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, silicon, coatings, forging, foundry, automotive, truck, construction equipment and oil and gas industries. We sell forged and machined products to locomotive manufacturers, machining companies and sub-assemblers who finish aerospace and defense products for OEMs, and railcar builders and maintenance providers. We sell rubber products primarily to sub-assemblers in the automotive, food processing and consumer appliance industries.
 
During 2008, due to recent volume declines and volatility in the automotive markets, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets in accordance with FAS 144 and, based on the results, of its tests recorded an asset impairment charge of $4.3 million related to the Manufactured Products segment. See Note O to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Competition.  We compete with small to medium-sized domestic and international equipment manufacturers on the basis of service capability, ability to meet customer specifications, delivery performance and engineering expertise. We compete domestically and internationally with small to medium- sized forging and machining businesses on the basis of product quality and precision. We compete with other domestic small- to medium-sized manufacturers of injection molded rubber and silicone products primarily on the basis of price and product quality.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
Supply Technologies markets its products and services in the United States, Mexico, Canada, Western and Eastern Europe and East and South Asia primarily through its direct sales force, which is assisted by applications engineers who provide the technical expertise necessary to assist the engineering staff of OEM customers in designing new products and improving existing products. Aluminum Products primarily markets and sells its products in North America through internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Manufactured Products primarily markets and sells its products in North America through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. Induction heating and pipe threading equipment is also marketed and sold in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa through both internal sales personnel and independent sales representatives. In some instances, the internal engineering staff assists in the sales and marketing effort through joint design and applications-engineering efforts with major customers.
 
Raw Materials and Suppliers
 
Supply Technologies purchases substantially all of its production components from third-party suppliers. Supply Technologies has multiple sources of supply for its products. An increasing portion of Supply Technologies’ delivered components are purchased from suppliers in foreign countries, primarily Canada, Taiwan, China, South Korea, Singapore, India and multiple European countries. We are dependent upon the ability of such suppliers to meet stringent quality and performance standards and to conform to delivery schedules. Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products purchase substantially all of their raw materials, principally metals and certain component parts incorporated into their products, from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Most raw materials required by Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products are commodity products available from several domestic suppliers. Management believes that raw materials and component parts other than certain specialty products are available from alternative sources.


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Customer Dependence
 
We have thousands of customers who demand quality, delivery and service. Numerous customers have recognized our performance by awarding us with supplier quality awards. The only customer which accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated sales in any of the past three years was Navistar in 2006.
 
Backlog
 
Management believes that backlog is not a meaningful measure for Supply Technologies, as a majority of Supply Technologies’ customers require just-in-time delivery of production components. Management believes that Aluminum Products’ and Manufactured Products’ backlog as of any particular date is not a meaningful measure of sales for any future period as a significant portion of sales are on a release or firm order basis.
 
Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations
 
We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations designed to protect public health and the environment, particularly with regard to discharges and emissions, as well as handling, storage, treatment and disposal, of various substances and wastes. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil and criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures. Pursuant to certain environmental laws, owners or operators of facilities may be liable for the costs of response or other corrective actions for contamination identified at or emanating from current or former locations, without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any such contamination, and for related damages to natural resources. Additionally, persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances or materials may be liable for costs of response at sites where they are located, whether or not the site is owned or operated by such person.
 
From time to time, we have incurred and are presently incurring costs and obligations for correcting environmental noncompliance and remediating environmental conditions at certain of our properties. In general, we have not experienced difficulty in complying with environmental laws in the past, and compliance with environmental laws has not had a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Our capital expenditures on environmental control facilities were not material during the past five years and such expenditures are not expected to be material to us in the foreseeable future.
 
We are currently, and may in the future, be required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. For instance, we have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. The availability of third-party payments or insurance for environmental remediation activities is subject to risks associated with the willingness and ability of the third party to make payments. However, our share of such costs has not been material and, based on available information, we do not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
 
Information as to Industry Segment Reporting and Geographic Areas
 
The information contained under the heading “Note B — Industry Segments” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein relating to (1) net sales, income before income taxes, identifiable assets and other information by industry segment and (2) net sales and assets by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 is incorporated herein by reference.


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Recent Developments
 
The information contained under the headings “Note C — Acquisitions”, “Note D — FAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and “Note O — Restructuring and Unusual Charges” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Available Information
 
We file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other information, including amendments to these reports, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public can obtain copies of these materials by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330, or by accessing the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with or furnished to the SEC, we make such materials available on our website at http://www.pkoh.com. The information on our website is not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors
 
The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. These risks are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks occur, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be adversely affected.
 
Adverse credit market conditions may significantly affect our access to capital, cost of capital and ability to meet liquidity needs.
 
Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact our ability to access credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit to us in the future. These market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain our business. Accordingly, we may be forced to delay raising capital, issue shorter tenors than we prefer or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase our interest expense, decrease our profitability and significantly reduce our financial flexibility. There can be no assurances that government response to the disruptions in the financial markets will stabilize the markets or increase liquidity and the availability of credit. Longer term disruptions in the capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, reduced alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the markets stabilize or until alternative credit arrangements or other funding for our business needs can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures and reducing or eliminating future share repurchases or other discretionary uses of cash. Overall, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the credit markets.
 
The current global financial crisis may have significant effects on our customers and suppliers that would result in material adverse effects on our business and operating results.
 
The current global financial crisis, which has included, among other things, significant reductions in available capital and liquidity from banks and other providers of credit, substantial reductions and fluctuations in equity and currency values worldwide, and concerns that the worldwide economy may enter into a prolonged recessionary period, may materially adversely affect our customers’ access to capital or willingness to spend capital on our products or their ability to pay for products that they will order or have already ordered from us. In addition, the current global financial crisis may materially adversely affect our suppliers’ access to capital and liquidity with which to maintain their inventories, production levels and product quality, which could cause them to raise prices or lower production levels.
 
Also, availability under our revolving credit facility may be adversely impacted by credit quality and performance of our customer accounts receivable. The availability under the revolving credit facility is


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based on the amount of receivables that meet the eligibility criteria of the revolving credit facility. As receivable losses increase or credit quality deteriorates, the amount of eligible receivables declines and, in turn, lowers the availability under the facility.
 
These potential effects of the current global financial crisis are difficult to forecast and mitigate. As a consequence, our operating results for a particular period are difficult to predict, and, therefore, prior results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods. Any of the foregoing effects could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
The industries in which we operate are cyclical and are affected by the economy in general.
 
We sell products to customers in industries that experience cyclicality (expectancy of recurring periods of economic growth and slowdown) in demand for products, and may experience substantial increases and decreases in business volume throughout economic cycles. Industries we serve, including the automotive and vehicle parts, heavy-duty truck, industrial equipment, steel, rail, electrical distribution and controls, aerospace and defense, power sports/fitness equipment, HVAC, electrical components, appliance and semiconductor equipment industries, are affected by consumer spending, general economic conditions and the impact of international trade. A downturn in any of the industries we serve, particularly the existing downturn in the domestic automotive and heavy-duty truck industry, would have, and continue to have, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
Because a significant portion of our sales is to the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, a decrease in the demand of these industries or the loss of any of our major customers in these industries could adversely affect our financial health.
 
Demand for certain of our products is affected by, among other things, the relative strength or weakness of the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries. The domestic automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are highly cyclical and may be adversely affected by international competition. In addition, the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries are significantly unionized and subject to work slowdowns and stoppages resulting from labor disputes. We derived 20% and 13% of our net sales during the year ended December 31, 2008 from the automobile and heavy-duty truck industries, respectively. Dramatically lower global automotive sales have resulted in lower demand for our products. Further economic decline that results in a reduction in automotive sales and production by our customers will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Navistar, our largest customer, accounted for approximately 8% of our net sales for the year ended December 31, 2008. We made a decision to exit our relationship with Navistar effective December 31, 2008. The loss of a portion of business to any of our other major automotive or heavy-duty truck customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will maintain or improve our relationships in these industries or that we will continue to supply these customers at current levels.
 
Our Supply Technologies customers are generally not contractually obligated to purchase products and services from us.
 
Most of the products and services are provided to our Supply Technologies customers under purchase orders as opposed to long-term contracts. When we do enter into long-term contracts with our customers, many of them only establish pricing terms and do not obligate our customers to buy required minimum amounts from us or to buy from us exclusively. Accordingly, many of our Supply Technologies customers may decrease the amount of products and services that they purchase from us or even stop purchasing from us altogether, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our net sales and profitability.


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We are dependent on key customers.
 
We rely on several key customers. For the year ended December 31, 2008, our seven largest customers accounted for approximately 20% of our net sales and our largest customer, Navistar, accounted for approximately 8% of our net sales. We made a decision to exit our relationship with Navistar effective December 31, 2008. Many of our customers place orders for products on an as-needed basis and operate in cyclical industries and, as a result, their order levels have varied from period to period in the past and may vary significantly in the future. Due to competitive issues, we have lost key customers in the past and may again in the future. Customer orders are dependent upon their markets and may be subject to delays or cancellations. As a result of dependence on our key customers, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations if any of the following were to occur:
 
  •  the loss of any other key customer, in whole or in part;
 
  •  the insolvency or bankruptcy of any key customer;
 
  •  a declining market in which customers reduce orders or demand reduced prices; or
 
  •  a strike or work stoppage at a key customer facility, which could affect both their suppliers and customers.
 
If any of our key customers become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover accounts receivable from that customer would be adversely affected and any payments we received in the preference period prior to a bankruptcy filing may be potentially recoverable, which could adversely impact our results of operations.
 
Three of our substantial customers filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the bankruptcy code during 2005 and 2006. Delphi Corp. and Dana Corporation, which are primarily customers of our Manufactured Products and Aluminum Products segments, filed in 2005, while Werner Ladder, which is primarily a customer of the Supply Technologies segment, filed in 2006. Collectively, these bankruptcies reduced our operating income in the aggregate by $1.8 million during 2005 and 2006.
 
We operate in highly competitive industries.
 
The markets in which all three of our segments sell their products are highly competitive. Some of our competitors are large companies that have greater financial resources than we have. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Supply Technologies segment are an approach reflecting long-term business partnership and reliability, sourced product quality and conformity to customer specifications, timeliness of delivery, price and design and engineering capabilities. We believe that the principal competitive factors for our Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products segments are product quality and conformity to customer specifications, design and engineering capabilities, product development, timeliness of delivery and price. The rapidly evolving nature of the markets in which we compete may attract new entrants as they perceive opportunities, and our competitors may foresee the course of market development more accurately than we do. In addition, our competitors may develop products that are superior to our products or may adapt more quickly than we do to new technologies or evolving customer requirements.
 
We expect competitive pressures in our markets to remain strong. These pressures arise from existing competitors, other companies that may enter our existing or future markets and, in some cases, our customers, which may decide to internally produce items we sell. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with our competitors. Failure to compete successfully could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
The loss of key executives could adversely impact us.
 
Our success depends upon the efforts, abilities and expertise of our executive officers and other senior managers, including Edward Crawford, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, as well as the president of each of our operating


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units. An event of default occurs under our revolving credit facility if Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford or certain of their related parties own less than 15% of our outstanding common stock, or if they own less than 15% of such stock, then if either Mr. E. Crawford or Mr. M. Crawford ceases to hold the office of chairman, chief executive officer or president. The loss of the services of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford, senior and executive officers, and/or other key individuals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
We may encounter difficulty in expanding our business through targeted acquisitions.
 
We have pursued, and may continue to pursue, targeted acquisition opportunities that we believe would complement our business, such as the acquisitions of NABS in 2006 and PPG in 2005. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in consummating any acquisitions.
 
Any targeted acquisitions will be accompanied by the risks commonly encountered in acquisitions of businesses. We may not successfully overcome these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with any of our acquisitions, including the possible inability to integrate an acquired business’ operations, IT technologies, services and products into our business, diversion of management’s attention, the assumption of unknown liabilities, increases in our indebtedness, the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of those acquisitions and other unanticipated problems, some or all of which could materially and adversely affect us. The process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, our activities. Any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with any acquisition and the integration of our operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of our business.
 
Our Supply Technologies business depends upon third parties for substantially all of our component parts.
 
Supply Technologies purchases substantially all of its component parts from third-party suppliers and manufacturers. Our business is subject to the risk of price fluctuations and periodic delays in the delivery of component parts. Failure by suppliers to continue to supply us with these component parts on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, would have a material adverse effect on us. We depend upon the ability of these suppliers, among other things, to meet stringent performance and quality specifications and to conform to delivery schedules. Failure by third-party suppliers to comply with these and other requirements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
The raw materials used in our production processes and by our suppliers of component parts are subject to price and supply fluctuations that could increase our costs of production and adversely affect our results of operations.
 
Our supply of raw materials for our Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products businesses could be interrupted for a variety of reasons, including availability and pricing. Prices for raw materials necessary for production have fluctuated significantly in the past and significant increases could adversely affect our results of operations and profit margins. While we generally attempt to pass along increased raw materials prices to our customers in the form of price increases, there may be a time delay between the increased raw materials prices and our ability to increase the price of our products, or we may be unable to increase the prices of our products due to pricing pressure or other factors.
 
Our suppliers of component parts, particularly in our Supply Technologies business, may significantly and quickly increase their prices in response to increases in costs of the raw materials, such as steel, that they use to manufacture our component parts. We may not be able to increase our prices commensurate with our increased costs. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.


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The energy costs involved in our production processes and transportation are subject to fluctuations that are beyond our control and could significantly increase our costs of production.
 
Our manufacturing process and the transportation of raw materials, components and finished goods are energy intensive. Our manufacturing processes are dependent on adequate supplies of electricity and natural gas. A substantial increase in the cost of transportation fuel, natural gas or electricity could have a material adverse effect on our margins. We experienced widely fluctuating natural gas costs in 2007 and in 2008. We may experience higher than anticipated gas costs in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a disruption or curtailment in supply could have a material adverse effect on our production and sales levels.
 
Potential product liability risks exist from the products that we sell.
 
Our businesses expose us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and sale of our products and products of third-party vendors that we use or resell. While we currently maintain what we believe to be suitable and adequate product liability insurance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our insurance on acceptable terms or that our insurance will provide adequate protection against potential liabilities. In the event of a claim against us, a lack of sufficient insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Moreover, even if we maintain adequate insurance, any successful claim could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
Some of our employees belong to labor unions, and strikes or work stoppages could adversely affect our operations.
 
As of December 31, 2008, we were a party to eight collective bargaining agreements with various labor unions that covered approximately 450 full-time employees. Our inability to negotiate acceptable contracts with these unions could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages or other slowdowns by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. If the unionized workers were to engage in a strike, work stoppage or other slowdown, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
We operate and source internationally, which exposes us to the risks of doing business abroad.
 
Our operations are subject to the risks of doing business abroad, including the following:
 
  •  fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
 
  •  limitations on ownership and on repatriation of earnings;
 
  •  transportation delays and interruptions;
 
  •  political, social and economic instability and disruptions;
 
  •  government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions;
 
  •  the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers;
 
  •  import and export controls;
 
  •  labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments;
 
  •  the potential for nationalization of enterprises;


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  •  disadvantages of competing against companies from countries that are not subject to U.S. laws and regulations including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”):
 
  •  difficulties in staffing and managing multinational operations;
 
  •  limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies; and
 
  •  potentially adverse tax consequences.
 
In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures always will protect us from the reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents. If we are found to be liable for FCPA violations (either due to our own acts or our inadvertence or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
 
Any of the events enumerated above could have an adverse effect on our operations in the future by reducing the demand for our products and services, decreasing the prices at which we can sell our products or otherwise having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will continue to operate in compliance with applicable customs, currency exchange control regulations, transfer pricing regulations or any other laws or regulations to which we may be subject. We also cannot assure you that these laws will not be modified.
 
Unexpected delays in the shipment of large, long-lead industrial equipment could adversely affect our results of operations in the period in which shipment was anticipated.
 
Long-lead industrial equipment contracts are a significant and growing part of our business. We primarily use the percentage of completion method to account for these contracts. Nevertheless, under this method, a large proportion of revenues and earnings on such contracts are recognized close to shipment of the equipment. Unanticipated shipment delays on large contracts could postpone recognition of revenue and earnings into future periods. Accordingly, if shipment was anticipated in the fourth quarter of a year, unanticipated shipment delays could adversely affect results of operations in that year.
 
We are subject to significant environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related compliance expenditures and liabilities.
 
Our businesses are subject to many foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, particularly with respect to the use, handling, treatment, storage, discharge and disposal of substances and hazardous wastes used or generated in our manufacturing processes. Compliance with these laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations and permit requirements could result in civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or remedial actions.
 
We are currently, and may in the future be, required to incur costs relating to the investigation or remediation of property, including property where we have disposed of our waste, and for addressing environmental conditions. Some environmental laws and regulations impose liability and responsibility on present and former owners, operators or users of facilities and sites for contamination at such facilities and sites without regard to causation or knowledge of contamination. In addition, we occasionally


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evaluate various alternatives with respect to our facilities, including possible dispositions or closures. Investigations undertaken in connection with these activities may lead to discoveries of contamination that must be remediated, and closures of facilities may trigger compliance requirements that are not applicable to operating facilities. Consequently, we cannot assure you that existing or future circumstances, the development of new facts or the failure of third parties to address contamination at current or former facilities or properties will not require significant expenditures by us.
 
We expect to continue to be subject to increasingly stringent environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. It is difficult to predict the future interpretation and development of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our future earnings and operations. We anticipate that compliance will continue to require increased capital expenditures and operating costs. Any increase in these costs, or unanticipated liabilities arising for example out of discovery of previously unknown conditions or more aggressive enforcement actions, could adversely affect our results of operations, and there is no assurance that they will not exceed our reserves or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
 
If our information systems fail, our business will be materially affected.
 
We believe that our information systems are an integral part of the Supply Technologies segment and, to a lesser extent, the Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products segments. We depend on our information systems to process orders, manage inventory and accounts receivable collections, purchase products, maintain cost-effective operations, route and re-route orders and provide superior service to our customers. We cannot assure you that a disruption in the operation of our information systems used by Supply Technologies, including the failure of the supply chain management software to function properly, or those used by Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products will not occur. Any such disruption could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
Operating problems in our business may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
The occurrence of material operating problems at our facilities may have a material adverse effect on our operations as a whole, both during and after the period of operational difficulties. We are subject to the usual hazards associated with manufacturing and the related storage and transportation of raw materials, products and waste, including explosions, fires, leaks, discharges, inclement weather, natural disasters, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime and transportation interruption or calamities.
 
Our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer and our President and Chief Operating Officer collectively beneficially own a significant portion of our company’s outstanding common stock and their interests may conflict with yours.
 
As of February 27, 2009, Edward Crawford, our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Matthew Crawford, our President and Chief Operating Officer, collectively beneficially owned approximately 28% of our common stock. Mr. E. Crawford is Mr. M. Crawford’s father. Their interests could conflict with your interests. For example, if we encounter financial difficulties or are unable to pay our debts as they mature, the interests of Messrs. E. Crawford and M. Crawford may conflict with your interests as a shareholder.
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
 
Item 2.  Properties
 
As of December 31, 2008, our operations included numerous manufacturing and supply chain logistics services facilities located in 23 states in the United States and in Puerto Rico, as well as in Asia, Canada, Europe and Mexico. Approximately 89% of the available square footage was located in the United States.


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Approximately 45% of the available square footage was owned. In 2008, approximately 32% of the available domestic square footage was used by the Supply Technologies segment, 44% was used by the Manufactured Products segment and 24% was used by the Aluminum Products segment. Approximately 48% of the available foreign square footage was used by the Supply Technologies segment and 52% was used by the Manufactured Products segment. In the opinion of management, our facilities are generally well maintained and are suitable and adequate for their intended uses.
 
The following table provides information relative to our principal facilities as of December 31, 2008.
 
                     
Related Industry
      Owned or
  Approximate
     
Segment
 
Location
 
Leased
 
Square Footage
   
Use
 
SUPPLY
TECHNOLOGIES(1)
  Cleveland, OH   Leased     60,450 (2)   Supply Technologies
Corporate Office
    Dayton, OH   Leased     112,960     Logistics
    Lawrence, PA   Leased     116,000     Logistics and
Manufacturing
    Minneapolis, MN   Leased     87,100     Logistics
    Allentown, PA   Leased     62,600     Logistics
    Atlanta, GA   Leased     56,000     Logistics
    Dallas, TX   Leased     50,000     Logistics
    Memphis, TN   Leased     48,750     Logistics
    Louisville, KY   Leased     30,000     Logistics
    Chicago, IL   Leased     30,000     Logistics
    Nashville, TN   Leased     44,900     Logistics
    Tulsa, OK   Leased     40,000     Logistics
    Austin, TX   Leased     30,000     Logistics
    Madison Hts., MI   Leased     32,000     Logistics
    Kent, OH   Leased     225,000     Manufacturing
    Mississauga,                
    Ontario, Canada   Leased     117,000     Manufacturing
    Solon, OH   Leased     54,000     Logistics
    Dublin, VA   Leased     40,000     Logistics
    Delaware, OH   Owned     45,000     Manufacturing
ALUMINUM
  Conneaut, OH(3)   Leased/Owned     304,000     Manufacturing
PRODUCTS
  Huntington, IN   Leased     125,000     Manufacturing
    Fremont, IN   Owned     112,000     Manufacturing
    Wapakoneta, OH   Owned     188,000     Manufacturing
    Rootstown, OH   Owned     177,000     Manufacturing
    Ravenna, OH   Owned     64,000     Manufacturing
    Richmond, IN   Leased/Owned     97,300     Manufacturing
MANUFACTURED
  Cuyahoga Hts., OH   Owned     427,000     Manufacturing
PRODUCTS(4)
  Cicero, IL   Owned     450,000     Manufacturing
    Le Roeulx, Belgium   Owned     120,000     Manufacturing
    Wickliffe, OH   Owned     110,000     Manufacturing
    Boaz, AL   Owned     100,000     Manufacturing
    Warren, OH   Owned     195,000     Manufacturing
    Canton, OH   Leased     125,000     Manufacturing
    Madison Heights, MI   Leased     128,000     Manufacturing
    Newport, AR   Leased     200,000     Manufacturing
    Cleveland, OH   Leased     150,000     Manufacturing
    Shanghai, China   Leased     20,500     Manufacturing
 
 
(1) Supply Technologies has 40 other facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility.
 
(2) Includes 20,150 square feet used by Park-Ohio’s corporate office.
 
(3) Includes three leased properties with square footage of 91,800, 64,000 and 45,700, respectively, and two owned properties with 82,300 and 20,200 square feet, respectively.
 
(4) Manufactured Products has 14 other owned and leased facilities, none of which is deemed to be a principal facility.


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Item 3.  Legal Proceedings
 
We are subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation involves an element of uncertainty, in the opinion of management, liabilities, if any, arising from currently pending or threatened litigation are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
 
At December 31, 2008, we were a co-defendant in approximately 315 cases asserting claims on behalf of approximately 4,500 plaintiffs alleging personal injury as a result of exposure to asbestos. These asbestos cases generally relate to production and sale of asbestos-containing products and allege various theories of liability, including negligence, gross negligence and strict liability and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages.
 
In every asbestos case in which we are named as a party, the complaints are filed against multiple named defendants. In substantially all of the asbestos cases, the plaintiffs either claim damages in excess of a specified amount, typically a minimum amount sufficient to establish jurisdiction of the court in which the case was filed (jurisdictional minimums generally range from $25,000 to $75,000), or do not specify the monetary damages sought. To the extent that any specific amount of damages is sought, the amount applies to claims against all named defendants.
 
There are only five asbestos cases, involving 23 plaintiffs, that plead specified damages. In each of the five cases, the plaintiff is seeking compensatory and punitive damages based on a variety of potentially alternative causes of action. In one case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory, punitive and other damages of at least $1.0 million for five separate causes of action; in three cases, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory damages in the amount of $3.0 million for four separate causes of action and $1.0 million for another cause of action and punitive damages in the amount of $10.0 million. In the other case, the plaintiff has alleged compensatory damages in the amount of $20.0 million for three separate causes of action and $5.0 million for another cause of action and punitive damages in the amount of $20.0 million.
 
Historically, we have been dismissed from asbestos cases on the basis that the plaintiff incorrectly sued one of our subsidiaries or because the plaintiff failed to identify any asbestos-containing product manufactured or sold by us or our subsidiaries. We intend to vigorously defend these asbestos cases, and believe we will continue to be successful in being dismissed from such cases. However, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings due to the unpredictable nature of personal injury litigation. Despite this uncertainty, and although our results of operations and cash flows for a particular period could be adversely affected by asbestos-related lawsuits, claims and proceedings, management believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. Among the factors management considered in reaching this conclusion were: (a) our historical success in being dismissed from these types of lawsuits on the bases mentioned above; (b) many cases have been improperly filed against one of our subsidiaries; (c) in many cases , the plaintiffs have been unable to establish any causal relationship to us or our products or premises; (d) in many cases, the plaintiffs have been unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any identifiable injury or compensable loss at all, that any injuries that they have incurred did in fact result from alleged exposure to asbestos; and (e) the complaints assert claims against multiple defendants and, in most cases, the damages alleged are not attributed to individual defendants. Additionally, we do not believe that the amounts claimed in any of the asbestos cases are meaningful indicators of our potential exposure because the amounts claimed typically bear no relation to the extent of the plaintiff’s injury, if any.
 
Our cost of defending these lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, our management does not expect its future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial position.
 
Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2008.


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Item 4A.  Executive Officers of the Registrant
 
Information with respect to the executive officers of the Company is as follows:
 
             
Name
 
Age
 
Position
 
Edward F. Crawford
    69     Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Matthew V. Crawford
    39     President and Chief Operating Officer and Director
Jeffrey L. Rutherford
    48     Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Robert D. Vilsack
    48     Secretary and General Counsel
Patrick W. Fogarty
    47     Director of Corporate Development
 
Mr. E. Crawford has been a director and our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer since 1992. He has also served as the Chairman of Crawford Group, Inc., a management company for a group of manufacturing companies, since 1964 and is also a Director of Continental Global Group, Inc.
 
Mr. M. Crawford has been President and Chief Operating Officer since 2003 and joined us in 1995 as Assistant Secretary and Corporate Counsel. He was also our Senior Vice President from 2001 to 2003. Mr. M. Crawford became one of our directors in August 1997 and has served as President of Crawford Group, Inc. since 1995. Mr. E. Crawford is the father of Mr. M. Crawford.
 
Mr. Rutherford has been Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since joining us in July 2008. From 2007 until his employment with us, Mr. Rutherford served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of UAP Holding Corp., an independent distributor of agricultural inputs and professional non-crop products. Mr. Rutherford previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Lesco, Inc., a provider of professional turf care products and a division of John Deere & Co., from 2005 to 2007, and as Lesco’s Chief Financial Officer from 2002 to 2005. From 1998 to 2002, he was the Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of Office Max, Inc., an office products company. Prior to joining Office Max, he spent fourteen years with the accounting firm Arthur Andersen & Co.
 
Mr. Vilsack has been Secretary and General Counsel since joining us in 2002. From 1999 until his employment with us, Mr. Vilsack was engaged in the private practice of law. From 1997 to 1999, Mr. Vilsack was Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Medusa Corporation, a manufacturer of Portland cement, and prior to that he was Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Figgie International Inc., a manufacturing conglomerate.
 
Mr. Fogarty has been Director of Corporate Development since 1997 and served as Director of Finance from 1995 to 1997.


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Part II
 
Item 5.  Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The Company’s common stock, par value $1.00 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “PKOH”. The table below presents the high and low sales prices of the common stock during the periods presented. No dividends were paid during the five years ended December 31, 2008. There is no present intention to pay dividends. Additionally, the terms of the Company’s revolving credit facility and the indenture governing the Company’s 8.375% senior subordinated notes restrict the Company’s ability to pay dividends.
 
Quarterly Common Stock Price Ranges
 
                                 
    2008     2007  
Quarter   High     Low     High     Low  
 
1st
  $ 25.20     $ 13.70     $ 19.30     $ 15.90  
2nd
    18.24       14.56       28.58       18.53  
3rd
    22.16       11.77       32.00       22.01  
4th
    18.49       3.76       28.40       20.40  
 
The number of shareholders of record for the Company’s common stock as of February 27, 2009 was 615.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Set forth below is information regarding the Company’s stock repurchases during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
 
                                 
                Total Number
       
    Total
          of Shares
       
    Number
    Average
    Purchased as
    Maximum Number of Shares
 
    of Shares
    Price Paid
    Part of Publicly
    That May Yet Be Purchased
 
Period
  Purchased     Per Share     Announced Plans     Under the Plans or Program  
 
October 1 — October 31, 2008
    185,000     $ 8.40       185,000       568,155  
November 1 — November 30, 2008
    39,349       4.88       39,338       528,817  
December 1 — December 31, 2008
    188,954       5.42       187,897       340,920  
                                 
TOTAL
    413,303     $ 6.70       412,235       340,920  
                                 
 
 
(1) The Company has a share repurchase program whereby the Company may repurchase up to 1.0 million shares of its common stock. Shares acquired that were not purchased as part of a publicly announced plan consist of shares of common stock the Company acquired from recipients of restricted stock awards at the time of vesting of such awards in order to settle recipient withholding tax liabilities.


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Item 6.   Selected Financial Data
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
 
Selected Statement of Operations Data(a):
                                       
Net sales
  $ 1,068,757     $ 1,071,441     $ 1,056,246     $ 932,900     $ 808,718  
Cost of products sold(b)
    919,297       912,337       908,095       796,283       682,658  
                                         
Gross profit
    149,460       159,104       148,151       136,617       126,060  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    105,546       98,679       90,296       82,133       77,048  
Goodwill impairment charge
    95,763       -0-       -0-       -0-       -0-  
Restructuring and impairment charges (credits)(b)
    25,331       -0-       (809 )     943       -0-  
Gain on purchase of 8.375% senior subordinated notes
    (6,232 )     -0-       -0-       -0-       -0-  
Gain on sale of assets held for sale
    -0-       (2,299 )     -0-       -0-       -0-  
                                         
Operating (loss) income(b)
    (70,948 )     62,724       58,664       53,541       49,012  
Interest expense(c)
    27,869       31,551       31,267       27,056       31,413  
                                         
(Loss) income before income taxes
    (98,817 )     31,173       27,397       26,485       17,599  
Income taxes (benefit)(d)
    20,986       9,976       3,218       (4,323 )     3,400  
                                         
Net (loss) income
  $ (119,803 )   $ 21,197     $ 24,179     $ 30,808     $ 14,199  
                                         
Amounts per common share:
                                       
Basic
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.91     $ 2.20     $ 2.82     $ 1.34  
                                         
Diluted
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.82     $ 2.11     $ 2.70     $ 1.27  
                                         
 
                                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
 
Other Financial Data:
                                       
Net cash flows provided by operating activities
  $ 8,547     $ 31,466     $ 6,063     $ 34,501     $ 1,633  
Net cash flows used by investing activities
    (20,398 )     (21,991 )     (31,407 )     (31,376 )     (21,952 )
Net cash flows provided (used) by financing activities
    15,164       (16,600 )     28,285       8,414       23,758  
Depreciation and amortization
    20,933       20,611       20,140       17,346       15,468  
Capital expenditures, net
    17,466       21,876       20,756       20,295       11,955  
                                         
Selected Balance Sheet Data (as of period end):
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 17,825     $ 14,512     $ 21,637     $ 18,696     $ 7,157  
Working capital
    252,873       270,939       268,825       208,051       169,836  
Property, plant and equipment
    90,642       105,557       101,085       110,310       107,173  
Total assets
    619,220       769,189       783,751       662,854       610,022  
Total debt
    374,646       360,049       374,800       346,649       338,307  
Shareholders’ equity
    12,755       171,478       138,737       103,521       72,393  


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(a) The selected consolidated financial data is not directly comparable on a year-to-year basis, primarily due to acquisitions and divestitures we made throughout the five years ended December 31, 2008, which include the following acquisitions:
 
2008 — Ravenna Aluminum
 
2006 — Foundry Service and NABS
 
2005 — PPG and Lectrotherm
 
2004 — Amcast Components Group and Jamco
 
All of the acquisitions were accounted for as purchases.
 
(b) In each of the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we recorded restructuring and asset impairment charges related to exiting product lines and closing or consolidating operating facilities. The restructuring charges related to the write-down of inventory have no cash impact and are reflected by an increase in cost of products sold in the applicable period. The restructuring charges relating to asset impairment attributable to the closing or consolidating of operating facilities have no cash impact and are reflected in the restructuring and impairment charges. The charges for restructuring and severance and pension curtailment are accruals for cash expenses. We made cash payments of $.3 million, $.3 million, $.3 million and $2.1 million in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, related to our severance and pension curtailment accrued liabilities. The table below provides a summary of these restructuring and impairment charges.
 
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Non-cash charges:
                               
Cost of products sold (inventory write-down)
  $ 5,544     $ 2,214     $ 800     $ 833  
Asset impairment
    24,767       -0-       -0-       391  
Restructuring and severance
    564       -0-       -0-       400  
Pension and postretirement benefits curtailment (credits)
    -0-       -0-       (809 )     152  
                                 
Total
  $ 30,875     $ 2,214     $ (9 )   $ 1,776  
                                 
Charges reflected as restructuring and impairment charges (credits) on income statement
  $ 25,331     $ -0-     $ (809 )   $ 943  
                                 
 
 
(c) In 2004, the Company issued $210 million of 8.375% senior subordinated notes. Proceeds from the issuance of this debt were used to fund the tender and early redemption of the 9.25% senior subordinated notes due 2007. The Company incurred debt extinguishment costs and wrote off deferred financing costs associated with the 9.25% senior subordinated notes totaling $6.0 million.
 
(d) In 2006 and 2005, the Company reversed $5.0 million and $7.3 million, respectively, of its domestic deferred tax asset valuation allowances as it has been determined the realization of these amounts is more likely than not. In 2008, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $33.5 million for its net deferred tax asset.
 
No dividends were paid during the five years ended December 31, 2008.


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Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The historical financial information is not directly comparable on a year-to-year basis, primarily due to a goodwill impairment charge in 2008, recording of a tax valuation allowance in 2008, restructuring and unusual charges in 2008, 2006 and 2005, reversal of a tax valuation allowance in 2007 and acquisitions during the three years ended December 31, 2008.
 
Executive Overview
 
We are an industrial Total Supply Managementtm and diversified manufacturing business, operating in three segments: Supply Technologies, Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products. In November 2007, our ILS business changed its name to Supply Technologies to better reflect its breadth of services and focus on driving efficiencies throughout the total supply management process. Our Supply Technologies business provides our customers with Total Supply Managementtm, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Managementtm includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. The principal customers of Supply Technologies are in the heavy-duty truck, automotive and vehicle parts, electrical distribution and controls, consumer electronics, power sports/fitness equipment, HVAC, agricultural and construction equipment, semiconductor equipment, plumbing, aerospace and defense, and appliance industries. Aluminum Products casts and machines aluminum engine, transmission, brake, suspension and other components such as pump housings, clutch retainers/pistons, control arms, knuckles, master cylinders, pinion housings, brake calipers, oil pans and flywheel spacers for automotive, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck and marine equipment OEMs, primarily on a sole-source basis. Aluminum Products also provides value-added services such as design and engineering and assembly. Manufactured Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems, industrial oven systems, injection molded rubber components, and forged and machined products. Manufactured Products also produces and provides services and spare parts for the equipment it manufactures. The principal customers of Manufactured Products are OEMs, sub-assemblers and end users in the steel, coatings, forging, foundry, heavy-duty truck, construction equipment, bottling, automotive, oil and gas, rail and locomotive manufacturing and aerospace and defense industries. Sales, earnings and other relevant financial data for these three segments are provided in Note B to the consolidated financial statements.
 
During the years 2004 through 2007, we refinanced both of our major sources of borrowed funds: senior subordinated notes and our revolving credit facility. In November 2004, we sold $210.0 million of 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014. We have amended our revolving credit facility, most recently in June 2007, to extend its maturity to December 2010, increase the credit limit to $270.0 million subject to an asset-based formula and provide lower interest rate levels.
 
In October 2006, we acquired all of the capital stock of NABS for $21.2 million in cash. NABS is a premier international supply chain manager of production components, providing services to high technology companies in the computer, electronics, and consumer products industries. NABS had 14 international operations in China, India, Taiwan, Singapore, Ireland, Hungary, Scotland and Mexico plus five locations in the United States.
 
In January 2006, we completed the acquisition of all of the capital stock of Foundry Service for approximately $3.2 million in cash, which resulted in additional goodwill of $2.3 million. The acquisition was funded with borrowings from foreign subsidiaries of the Company.


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In December 2005, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Lectrotherm, which is primarily a provider of field service and spare parts for induction heating and melting systems, located in Canton, Ohio, for $5.1 million cash funded with borrowings under our revolving credit facility. This acquisition augments our existing, high-margin aftermarket induction business.
 
In July 2005, we acquired substantially all the assets of PPG, a provider of supply chain management services for a broad range of production components for $7.0 million cash funded with borrowings from our revolving credit facility, $.5 million in a short-term note payable and the assumption of approximately $13.3 million of trade liabilities. This acquisition added significantly to the customer and supplier bases, and expanded our geographic presence of our Supply Technologies segment.
 
The domestic and international automotive markets were significantly impacted in 2008, which adversely affected our business units serving those markets. During the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded asset impairment charges associated with the recent volume declines and volatility in the automotive markets. The charges were composed of $.6 million of inventory impairment included in Cost of Products Sold and $17.5 million for impairment of property and equipment and other long-term assets. See Note O to the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K.
 
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $95.8 million and restructuring and asset impairment charges of $13.4 million associated with the decision to exit its relationship with its largest customer, Navistar, along with the general economic downturn. The charges were composed of $5.0 million of inventory impairment included in Cost of Products Sold and $8.4 million for impairment of property and equipment, loss on disposal of a foreign subsidiary and severance costs. Impairment charges were offset by a gain of $.6 million recorded in the Aluminum Products segment relating to the sale of certain facilities that were previously written off.
 
Approximately 20% of the Company’s consolidated net sales are to the automotive markets. The recent deterioration in the global economy and global credit markets continues to negatively impact the automotive markets. General Motors, Ford and Chrsyler have encountered severe financial difficulty, which could ultimately result in the bankruptcy in one or more of these domestic automobile manufacturers, which, in turn, would adversely affect the financial condition of the Company’s automobile OEM customers. In 2009, the Company expects that its business, results of operations and financial condition will continue to be negatively impacted by the performance of the automotive markets.
 
Accounting Changes and Goodwill
 
On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“FAS 158”). FAS 158 required the Company to recognize the funded status ( i.e. , the difference between the Company’s fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligations) of its defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans (collectively, the “postretirement benefit plans”) in the December 31, 2006 Consolidated Balance Sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption represents the net unrecognized actuarial losses, unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized transition obligation remaining from the initial adoption of FAS 87 and FAS 106, all of which were previously netted against the postretirement benefit plans’ funded status in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with the provisions of FAS 87 and FAS 106. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic benefit cost in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting policy for amortizing these amounts. In addition, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic benefit cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. Those amounts will be subsequently recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost on the same basis as the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption of FAS 158.
 
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123 (revised), “Share-Based Payment” (“FAS 123R”). FAS 123R requires that the


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cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements and establishes a fair-value measurement objective in determining the value of such a cost. FAS 123R was effective as of January 1, 2006. FAS 123R is a revision of FAS 123 and supersedes APB 25. The adoption of fair-value recognition provisions for stock options increased the Company’s fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 compensation expense by $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million (before tax), respectively.
 
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“FAS 142”), we review goodwill annually for potential impairment. This review was performed as of October 1, 2007 and 2006, using forecasted discounted cash flows, and it was determined that no impairment is required. At December 31, 2007, our balance sheet reflected $101.0 million of goodwill. In 2008, this review was performed as of October 1 and updated as of December 31 and the Company determined that a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $95.8 million related to our Supply Technologies and Aluminum Products segments was required. As of December 31, 2008, after the impact of the $95.8 million impairment charge, we had goodwill remaining of $4.1 million.
 
On July 13, 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“FAS 109”), and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has a 50% or less likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. See Note H to the consolidated financial statements for the impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
 
Results of Operations
 
2008 versus 2007
 
Net Sales by Segment:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2008     2007     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Supply Technologies
  $ 521.3     $ 531.4     $ (10.1 )     (2 )%
Aluminum Products
    156.3       169.1       (12.8 )     (8 )%
Manufactured Products
    391.2       370.9       20.3       5 %
                                 
Consolidated Net Sales
  $ 1,068.8     $ 1,071.4     $ (2.6 )     0 %
                                 
 
Consolidated net sales were essentially flat in 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 as growth in Manufactured Products segment nearly offset declines in Aluminum Products sales resulting from reduced automotive sales and Supply Technologies sales resulting from reduced sales to the semiconductor, lawn and garden, auto, plumbing and heavy-duty truck markets. Supply Technologies sales decreased 2% primarily due to volume reductions in the heavy-duty truck industry, partially offset by the addition of new customers and increases in product range to existing customers. Aluminum Products sales decreased 8% as the general decline in auto industry sales volumes exceeded additional sales from new contracts starting production ramp-up. Manufactured Products sales increased 5% primarily in the induction, pipe threading equipment and forging businesses, due largely to worldwide strength in the steel, oil & gas, aerospace and rail industries. Approximately 20% of the Company’s consolidated net sales are to the automotive markets. Net sales to the automotive markets as a percentage of sales by segment were


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approximately 13%, 79% and 5% for the Supply Technologies, Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products Segments, respectively.
 
Cost of Products Sold & Gross Profit:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2008     2007     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Consolidated cost of products sold
  $ 919.3     $ 912.3     $ 7.0       1 %
                                 
Consolidated gross profit
  $ 149.5     $ 159.1     $ (9.6 )     (6 )%
                                 
Gross margin
    14.0 %     14.8 %                
 
Cost of products sold increased $7.0 million in 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, while gross margin decreased to 14.0% in 2008 from 14.8% in the same period of 2007.
 
Supply Technologies gross margin decreased slightly, as the effect of reduced heavy-duty truck sales volume and restructuring charges outweighed the margin benefit from new sales. Aluminum Products gross margin decreased primarily due to both the costs associated with starting up new contracts and reduced volume. Gross margin in the Manufactured Products segment increased in 2008 compared to 2007 primarily due to increased volume in the induction, pipe threading equipment and forging businesses.
 
Selling, General & Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2008     2007     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Consolidated SG&A expenses
  $ 105.5     $ 98.7     $ 6.8       7 %
SG&A percent
    9.9 %     9.2 %                
 
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $6.8 million in 2008 compared to 2007 representing a .7% increase in SG&A expenses as a percent of sales. SG&A expenses increased primarily due to higher professional fees in the Supply Technologies and Manufactured Products segments, expenses related to a new office building and other one-time charges at the corporate office consisting of losses on the sales of securities, severance costs and legal and professional fees, partially offset by a $.6 million increase in net pension credits and a reversal of year end bonus accruals.
 
Interest Expense:
 
                             
    Year-Ended
           
    December 31,           Percent
    2008     2007     Change     Change
    (Dollars in millions)
 
Interest expense
  $ 27.9     $ 31.6     $ (3.7 )   (12)%
Average outstanding borrowings
  $ 385.8     $ 383.6     $ 2.2     1%
Average borrowing rate
    7.23 %     8.23 %     101     basis points
 
Interest expense decreased $3.7 million in 2008 compared to 2007, primarily due to a lower average borrowing rate during 2008 offset by slightly higher average borrowings. The increase in average borrowings in 2008 resulted primarily from decreased cash flow and increased working capital. The lower average borrowing rate in 2008 was due primarily to decreased interest rates under our revolving credit facility compared to 2007.


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Impairment Charges:
 
During 2008, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $95.8 million. The Company also recorded asset impairment charges of $25.3 million associated with the recent volume declines and volatility in the automotive markets, loss from the disposal of a foreign subsidiary and restructuring expenses associated with the Company’s exit from its relationship with its largest customer, Navistar, Inc., along with realignment of its distribution network.
 
Gain on Purchase of 8.375% Senior Subordinated Notes:
 
In 2008, Park Ohio-Holdings Corp. purchased $11.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.375% Notes, which were issued by Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., for $4.7 million. After writing off $.1 million of deferred financing costs, the Company recorded a net gain of $6.2 million. The 8.375% Notes were not contributed to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. but are held by Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
Income Taxes:
 
                 
    Year-Ended
 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
(Loss) income before income taxes
  $ (98.8 )   $ 31.2  
                 
Income taxes
  $ 21.0     $ 10.0  
Tax valuation allowance-effective tax rate impact
    (33.6 )     0.0  
                 
Income taxes excluding tax valuation allowance
  $ (12.6 )   $ 10.0  
                 
Effective income tax rate
    (21 )%     32 %
Effective income tax rate, excluding tax valuation allowance (Non-GAAP)
    13 %     32 %
 
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a $33.6 million valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2008, the Company was in a cumulative three-year loss position and determined that it was not more likely than not that its deferred tax asset would be realized.
 
The provision for income taxes was $21.0 million in 2008 compared to $10.0 million in 2007. The effective income tax rate was (21)% in 2008, compared to 32% in 2007.
 
The Company’s net operating loss carryforward precluded the payment of most cash federal income taxes in both 2008 and 2007, and should similarly preclude such payments in 2009. At December 31, 2008, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $42.1 million, which will expire between 2022 and 2028.
 
2007 versus 2006
 
Net Sales by Segment:
 
                                         
    Year-Ended
                Acquired/
 
    December 31,           Percent
    (Divested)
 
    2007     2006     Change     Change     Sales  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Supply Technologies
  $ 531.4     $ 598.2     $ (66.8 )     (11 )%   $ 29.5  
Aluminum Products
    169.1       154.6       14.5       9 %     0.0  
Manufactured Products
    370.9       303.4       67.5       22 %     0.0  
                                         
Consolidated Net Sales
  $ 1,071.4     $ 1,056.2     $ 15.2       1 %   $ 29.5  
                                         
 
Consolidated net sales increased by 1% in 2007 compared to 2006, as growth in the Manufactured Products segment and new customers in the Supply Technologies and Aluminum Products segments exceeded declines in Supply Technologies segment sales to the heavy-duty truck market caused by the


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introduction of new environmental standards at the beginning of 2007. Supply Technologies sales decreased 11% primarily due to volume reductions in the heavy-duty truck industry, partially offset by $29.5 million of additional sales from the October 2006 acquisition of NABS, the addition of new customers and increases in product range to existing customers. New customers in the Supply Technologies segment came from organic sales, while new sales in the Aluminum Products segment primarily reflect sales to new customers. Aluminum Products sales increased 9% as the sales volumes from new contracts starting production ramp-up exceeded the end of production of other parts and the general decline in auto industry sales volumes. Manufactured Products sales increased 22%, primarily in the induction equipment, pipe threading equipment and forging businesses, due largely to worldwide strength in the steel, oil and gas, aerospace and rail industries. At the end of fourth quarter 2007, the Company adjusted downward the amount initially recorded for revenue by approximately $18.0 million to reflect the exclusion of certain costs from suppliers and subcontractors from the percentage of completion calculation that is used to account for long-term industrial equipment contracts. See Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) on page 63 for additional information.
 
Cost of Products Sold & Gross Profit:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2007     2006     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Consolidated cost of products sold
  $ 912.3     $ 908.1     $ 4.2       0 %
                                 
Consolidated gross profit
  $ 159.1     $ 148.1     $ 11.0       7 %
                                 
Gross margin
    14.8 %     14.0 %                
 
Cost of products sold was relatively flat in 2007 compared to 2006, while gross margin increased to 14.8% from 14.0% in 2006. Supply Technologies gross margin increased slightly, as the margin benefit from sales from the NABS acquisition and new customers outweighed the effect of reduced heavy-truck sales volume and higher restructuring charges in 2007. Supply Technologies 2006 and 2007 cost of products sold included $.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively of inventory related restructuring charges associated with the closure of a manufacturing plant. Aluminum Products gross margin decreased primarily due to the costs associated with starting up new contracts and the slow ramp-up of new contract volume. Gross margin in the Manufactured Products segment increased primarily due to increased sales volume.
 
SG&A Expenses:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2007     2006     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Consolidated SG&A expenses
  $ 98.7     $ 90.3     $ 8.4       9 %
SG&A percent
    9.2 %     8.5 %                
 
Consolidated SG&A expenses increased $8.4 million in 2007 compared to 2006, representing a .7% increase in SG&A expenses as a percent of sales. SG&A increased approximately $5.3 million due to the acquisition of NABS. SG&A increased further primarily due to increased expenses related to stock options and restricted stock, the new office building, legal and professional fees and franchise taxes, partially offset by a $1.1 million increase in net pension credits, reflecting higher return on pension plan assets.


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Interest Expense:
 
                                 
    Year-Ended
             
    December 31,           Percent
 
    2007     2006     Change     Change  
    (Dollars in millions)  
 
Interest expense
  $ 31.6     $ 31.3     $ 0.3       1 %
Average outstanding borrowings
  $ 383.6     $ 376.5     $ 7.1       2 %
Average borrowing rate
    8.23 %     8.31 %     8       basis points  
 
Interest expense increased $.3 million in 2007 compared to 2006, due to higher average outstanding borrowings, partially offset by lower average interest rates during 2007. The increase in average borrowings in 2007 resulted primarily from higher working capital and the purchase of NABS in October 2006. The lower average borrowing rate in 2007 was due primarily to decreased interest rates under our revolving credit facility compared to 2006, which increased as a result of actions by the Federal Reserve.
 
Income Taxes:
 
                 
    Year-Ended
 
    December 31,  
    2007     2006  
    (Dollars in millions  
 
Income before income taxes
  $ 31.2     $ 27.4  
Income taxes
  $ 10.0     $ 3.2  
Reversal of tax valuation allowance included in income
    0.0       (5.0 )
                 
Income taxes excluding reversal of tax valuation allowance
  $ 10.0     $ 8.2  
                 
Effective income tax rate
    32 %     12 %
Effective income tax rate excluding reversal of tax valuation allowance (Non-GAAP)
    32 %     30 %
 
In the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company reversed $5.0 million of its deferred tax asset valuation allowance, increasing net income for that year and substantially eliminating this reserve. Based on strong recent and projected earnings, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that its deferred tax asset would be realized.
 
The provision for income taxes was $10.0 million in 2007 compared to $3.2 million in 2006, which was reduced by the $5.0 million reversal of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The effective income tax rate was 32% in 2007, compared to 12% in 2006. Excluding the reversal of the tax valuation allowance in 2006, the Company provided $8.2 million of income taxes, a 30% effective income tax rate. We are presenting taxes and tax rates without the tax benefit of the tax valuation allowance reversal to facilitate comparison between the periods.
 
The Company’s net operating loss carryforward precluded the payment of most cash federal income taxes in both 2007 and 2006, and should similarly preclude such payments in 2008 and substantially reduce them in 2009. At December 31, 2007, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $41.6 million, which will expire between 2021 and 2027.
 
Liquidity and Sources of Capital
 
Our liquidity needs are primarily for working capital and capital expenditures. Our primary sources of liquidity have been funds provided by operations and funds available from existing bank credit arrangements and the sale of our senior subordinated notes. In 2003, we entered into a revolving credit facility with a group of banks which, as subsequently amended, matures at December 31, 2010 and provides for availability of up to $270 million subject to an asset-based formula. The revolving credit facility is secured by substantially all our assets in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Borrowings from this revolving credit facility will be used for general corporate purposes.


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Amounts borrowed under the revolving credit facility may be borrowed at the Company’s election at either (i) LIBOR plus .75% to 1.75% or (ii) the bank’s prime lending rate. The LIBOR-based interest rate is dependent on the Company’s debt service coverage ratio, as defined in the revolving credit facility. Under the revolving credit facility, a detailed borrowing base formula provides borrowing availability to the Company based on percentages of eligible accounts receivable, inventory and fixed assets. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $164.6 million outstanding under the revolving credit facility, and approximately $47.1 million of unused borrowing availability.
 
Current financial resources (working capital and available bank borrowing arrangements) and anticipated funds from operations are expected to be adequate to meet current cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. The future availability of bank borrowings under the revolving credit facility is based on the Company’s ability to meet a debt service ratio covenant, which could be materially impacted by negative economic trends. Failure to meet the debt service ratio could materially impact the availability and interest rate of future borrowings.
 
In 2008, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. purchased $11.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.375% Notes, which were issued by Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. for $4.7 million. After writing off $.1 million of deferred financing costs, the Company recorded a net gain of $6.2 million. The 8.375% Notes were not contributed to Park-Ohio Industries Inc. but are held by Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
The Company may from time to time seek to retire or purchase its outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. It may also repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
 
Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may adversely impact the availability of credit already arranged and the availability and cost of credit in the future. These market conditions may limit the Company’s ability to replace, in a timely manner, maturing liabilities and access the capital necessary to grow and maintain its business. Accordingly, the Company may be forced to delay raising capital, issue shorter tenors than the Company prefers or pay unattractive interest rates, which could increase its interest expense, decrease its profitability and significantly reduce its financial flexibility. There can be no assurances that government responses to the disruptions in the financial markets will stabilize the markets or increase liquidity and the availability of credit.
 
At December 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with the debt service ratio covenant and other covenants contained in the revolving credit facility. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2009, further declines in demand in the automotive industry and in sales volumes in 2009 could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by the declines in demand in the automotive industry or the economy in general, they may not be able to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which would make those accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base.
 
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 2.22 at December 31, 2008 versus 2.40 at December 31, 2007. Working capital decreased by $18.0 million to $252.9 million at December 31, 2008 from $270.9 million at December 31, 2007. Accounts receivable decreased $6.6 million to $165.8 million in 2008 from $172.4 million in 2007. Inventory increased by $13.4 million in 2008 to $228.8 million from $215.4 million in 2007 while accrued expenses increased by $7.4 million to $74.4 million in 2008 from $67.0 in 2007 and accounts payable remained essentially the same for each year.
 
During 2008, the Company provided $8.5 million from operating activities as compared to $31.5 million from operating activities in 2007. The decrease in cash provision of $23.0 million was primarily the result of a slightly greater increase in net operating assets in 2008 compared to 2007 ($22.6 million compared to $19.0 million), a net income in 2007 of $21.2 million compared to a net loss of $119.8 million in 2008 offset by non-cash restructuring and impairment charges of $121.1 million in 2008 compared to $2.2 million in 2007.


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During 2008, the Company also invested $17.5 million in capital expenditures, $5.3 million for business acquisitions, received proceeds from bank arrangements of $25.6 million and $3.0 million from the sales of marketable securities and used $4.7 million to purchase $11.0 million aggregate principal amount of Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. 8.375% senior subordinated notes and purchased $5.9 million of its common stock.
 
During 2007, the Company provided $31.5 million from operating activities as compared to providing $6.1 million in 2006. The increase in cash provision of $25.4 million was primarily the result of a smaller increase in net operating assets in 2007 compared to 2006 ($19.0 million compared to $35.0 million, respectively), a deferred income tax provision of $4.3 million in 2007 compared to a $4.4 million deferred tax benefit in 2006, partially offset by a decrease in net income of $3.0 million. The decrease in net income was partially offset by approximately $2.2 million of noncash restructuring and impairment charges in 2007. During 2007, the Company also invested $21.9 million in capital expenditures, received $4.4 million from the sale of assets held for sale, paid back $14.8 million on its bank and other debt, invested $5.1 million in marketable securities and purchased $2.2 million of its common stock.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financing or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons. There are occasions whereupon we enter into forward contracts on foreign currencies, primarily the euro, purely for the purpose of hedging exposure to changes in the value of accounts receivable in those currencies against the U.S. dollar. At December 31, 2008, none were outstanding. We currently have no other derivative instruments.
 
The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations and other commercial commitments over various future periods as of December 31, 2008:
 
                                         
          Payments Due or Commitment Expiration Per Period  
          Less Than
                More than
 
(In Thousands)
  Total     1 Year     1-3 Years     4-5 Years     5 Years  
 
Long-term debt obligations
  $ 374,646     $ 8,778     $ 166,883     $ -0-     $ 198,985  
Interest obligations(1)
    97,907       16,665       33,330       33,330       14,582  
Capital lease obligations
    342       167       175       -0-       -0-  
Operating lease obligations
    48,511       13,581       17,764       8,738       8,428  
Purchase obligations
    123,368       121,331       2,037       -0-       -0-  
Postretirement obligations(2)
    20,236       2,497       4,803       4,266       8,670  
Standby letters of credit
    22,713       20,091       2,588       -0-       34  
                                         
Total
  $ 687,723     $ 183,110     $ 227,580     $ 46,334     $ 230,699  
                                         
 
 
(1) Interest obligations are included on the 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014 only and assume notes are paid at maturity. The calculation of interest on debt outstanding under our revolving credit facility and other variable rate debt ($5.1 million based on 3.12% average interest rate and outstanding borrowings of $164.6 million at December 31, 2008) is not included above due to the subjectivity and estimation required.
 
(2) Postretirement obligations include projected postretirement benefit payments to participants only through 2017.
 
The table above excludes the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits disclosed in Note H to the consolidated financial statements, since the Company cannot predict with reasonable reliability, the timing of potential cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities.
 
We expect that funds provided by operations plus available borrowings under our revolving credit facility to be adequate to meet our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.


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Critical Accounting Policies
 
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions which affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. Management has made their best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We do not believe that there is great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates.
 
Revenue Recognition:  The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts (approximately 16% of consolidated revenue) is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. Revenue earned on contracts in process in excess of billings is classified in other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 104, “Revenue Recognition.”
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:  Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectible in the future. Allowances are developed by the individual operating units based on historical losses, adjusting for economic conditions. Our policy is to identify and reserve for specific collectibility concerns based on customers’ financial condition and payment history. The establishment of reserves requires the use of judgment and assumptions regarding the potential for losses on receivable balances. Writeoffs of accounts receivable have historically been low.
 
Allowance for Obsolete and Slow Moving Inventory:  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value and have been reduced by an allowance for obsolete and slow-moving inventories. The estimated allowance is based on management’s review of inventories on hand with minimal sales activity, which is compared to estimated future usage and sales. Inventories identified by management as slow-moving or obsolete are reserved for based on estimated selling prices less disposal costs. Though we consider these allowances adequate and proper, changes in economic conditions in specific markets in which we operate could have a material effect on reserve allowances required.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets:  Long-lived assets are reviewed by management for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. During 2008, 2005 and 2003, the Company decided to exit certain under-performing product lines and to close or consolidate certain operating facilities and, accordingly, recorded restructuring and impairment charges as discussed above and in Note O to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
 
Restructuring:  We recognize costs in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs incurred in a Restructuring)” (“EITF 94-3”), and SAB No. 100, “Restructuring and Impairment Charges,” for charges prior to 2003. Detailed contemporaneous documentation is maintained and updated on a quarterly basis to ensure that accruals are properly supported. If management determines that there is a change in the estimate, the accruals are adjusted to reflect the changes.
 
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (“FAS 146”), which nullified EITF 94-3 and requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured initially at the fair value only when the liability is incurred. FAS 146 has no effect on charges recorded for exit activities begun prior to 2002.
 
Goodwill:  We adopted FAS 142 as of January 1, 2002. Under FAS 142, we are required to review goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. We have completed


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the annual impairment test as of October 1, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 and have determined that no goodwill impairment existed as of those dates. We completed the annual impairment tests as of October 1, 2008 and updated these tests, as necessary, as of December 31, 2008. See Note D to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Income Taxes:  We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and losses, expectations of future earnings and taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid and accordingly records a tax valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized as required by FAS 109. We made significant estimates and judgments in order to determine the extent that a valuation allowance should be provided against deferred tax assets.
 
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans:  We and our subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans and postretirement benefit plans covering substantially all employees. The measurement of liabilities related to these plans is based on management’s assumptions related to future events, including interest rates, return on pension plan assets, rate of compensation increases, and health care cost trends. Pension plan asset performance in the future will directly impact our net income. We have evaluated our pension and other postretirement benefit assumptions, considering current trends in interest rates and market conditions and believe our assumptions are appropriate.
 
Stock-Based Compensation:
 
In December 2004, the FASB issued FAS 123R. FAS 123R requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements and establishes a fair-value measurement objective in determining the value of such a cost. FAS 123R was effective as of January 1, 2006. FAS 123R is a revision of FAS 123 and supersedes APB 25. The adoption of fair-value recognition provisions for stock options increased the Company’s 2008, 2007 and 2006 compensation expense by $.4 million, $.4 million and $.3 million (before-tax), respectively.
 
Accounting Changes:  In May 2005, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections,” which replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes,” and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements.” The statement changes the requirements for the accounting and reporting of a change in accounting principle and is applicable to all voluntary changes in accounting principle. It also applies to changes required by an accounting pronouncement if that pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions. The statement requires retrospective application to prior periods’ financial statements of changes in accounting principle unless it is impractical to determine the period specific effects or the cumulative effect of the change. The correction of an error by the restatement of previously issued financial statements is also addressed by the statement. The Company adopted this statement effective January 1, 2006 as prescribed and its adoption did not have any impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In December 2008, the FASB issued Financial Staff Position (“FSP”) 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Post Retirement Benefit Plan Assets.” FSP 132(R)-1 provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The guidance addresses disclosures related to the categories of plan assets and fair value measurements of plan assets. This staff position is effective for the Company in 2009 and will have no effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.


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In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“FAS 161”). FAS 161 modifies existing requirements to include qualitative disclosures regarding the objectives and strategies for using derivatives, fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The pronouncement also requires the cross-referencing of derivative disclosures within the financial statements and notes thereto. The requirements of FAS 161 are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FAS 161 on its financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“FAS 160”). FAS 160 modifies the reporting for noncontrolling interests in the balance sheet and minority interest income (expense) in the income statement. The pronouncement also requires that increases and decreases in the noncontrolling ownership interest amount be accounted for as equity transactions. FAS 160 is required to be adopted prospectively, with limited exceptions, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the adoption of FAS 160 will have on its financial position, results of operations and related disclosures.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141R, “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”). FAS 141R modifies the accounting for business combinations by requiring that acquired assets and assumed liabilities be recorded at fair value, contingent consideration arrangements be recorded at fair value on the date of the acquisition and preacquisition contingencies will generally be accounted for in purchase accounting at fair value. The pronouncement also requires that transaction costs be expensed as incurred, acquired research and development be capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and the requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” be met at the acquisition date in order to accrue for a restructuring plan in purchase accounting. FAS 141R is required to be adopted prospectively effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“FAS 159”). FAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The pronouncement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to facilitate comparison between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company did not elect to measure its financial instruments or any other items at fair value as permitted by FAS 159. Therefore, the adoption of FAS 159 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“FAS 157”). FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of FAS 157 apply under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years for financial assets and liabilities, and for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 for non-financial assets and liabilities. The adoption of FAS 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s financial assets subject to FAS 157 consisted of marketable equity securities and other investments totaling $.9 million and $5.2 million respectively. The marketable securities are classified as having Level 1 inputs, as the fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets. The other investments are classified as having Level 2 inputs, as the fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets in active markets; quoted prices for identical or


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similar assets in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
Environmental
 
We have been identified as a potentially responsible party at third-party sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended, or comparable state laws, which provide for strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability. We are participating in the cost of certain clean-up efforts at several of these sites. However, our share of such costs has not been material and based on available information, our management does not expect our exposure at any of these locations to have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
 
We have been named as one of many defendants in a number of asbestos-related personal injury lawsuits. Our cost of defending such lawsuits has not been material to date and, based upon available information, our management does not expect our future costs for asbestos-related lawsuits to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. We caution, however, that inherent in management’s estimates of our exposure are expected trends in claims severity, frequency and other factors that may materially vary as claims are filed and settled or otherwise resolved.
 
Seasonality; Variability of Operating Results
 
Our results of operations are typically stronger in the first six months than the last six months of each calendar year due to scheduled plant maintenance in the third quarter to coincide with customer plant shutdowns and due to holidays in the fourth quarter.
 
The timing of orders placed by our customers has varied with, among other factors, orders for customers’ finished goods, customer production schedules, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. The variability of the level and timing of orders has, from time to time, resulted in significant periodic and quarterly fluctuations in the operations of our business units. Such variability is particularly evident at the capital equipment businesses, included in the Manufactured Products segment, which typically ship a few large systems per year.
 
Forward-Looking Statements
 
This annual report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to the following: our substantial indebtedness; continuation of the current negative global economic environment; general business conditions and competitive factors, including pricing pressures and product innovation; demand for our products and services; raw material availability and pricing; component part availability and pricing; changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers; the financial condition of our customers, including the impact of any bankruptcies; our ability to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions into existing operations; changes in general domestic economic conditions such as inflation rates, interest rates, tax rates, unemployment rates, higher labor and healthcare costs, recessions and changing government policies, laws and regulations, including the uncertainties related to the current global financial crisis; adverse impacts to us, our suppliers and customers from acts of terrorism or hostilities; our ability to meet various covenants, including financial covenants, contained in our revolving credit facility and the indenture governing the 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014; disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our


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access to capital; increasingly stringent domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those affecting the environment; inherent uncertainties involved in assessing our potential liability for environmental remediation-related activities; the outcome of pending and future litigation and other claims, including, without limitation asbestos claims; our dependence on the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, which are highly cyclical; the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending, which could be lower due to the effects of the current financial crisis; our ability to negotiate acceptable contracts with labor unions; dependence on key management; dependence on information systems; and the other factors we describe under the “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement herein should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved.
 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
We are exposed to market risk including changes in interest rates. We are subject to interest rate risk on our floating rate revolving credit facility, which consisted of borrowings of $164.6 million at December 31, 2008. A 100 basis point increase in the interest rate would have resulted in an increase in interest expense of approximately $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
 
Our foreign subsidiaries generally conduct business in local currencies. During 2008, we recorded an unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustment of $8.7 million related to net assets located outside the United States. This foreign currency translation adjustment resulted primarily from the weakening of the U.S. dollar in relation to the Canadian dollar. Our foreign operations are also subject to other customary risks of operating in a global environment, such as unstable political situations, the effect of local laws and taxes, tariff increases and regulations and requirements for export licenses, the potential imposition of trade or foreign exchange restrictions and transportation delays.
 
Our largest exposures to commodity prices relate to steel and natural gas prices, which have fluctuated widely in recent years. We do not have any commodity swap agreements, forward purchase or hedge contracts for steel but have entered into forward purchase contracts for a portion of our anticipated natural gas usage through April 2008.
 
Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Financial Data
 
         
    Page
 
    34  
    35  
    36  
    37  
    38  
    39  
    40  
Supplementary Financial Data
       
    62  
    63  


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
 
As discussed in Note H to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Incomes Taxes”, effective January 1, 2007.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in the Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 12, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
/s/  Ernst & Young LLP
 
Cleveland, Ohio
March 12, 2009


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
We have audited Park-Ohio Holding Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.
 
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related statements of consolidated operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended Deceber 31, 2008 and our report dated March 12, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
/s/  Ernst & Young LLP
 
Cleveland, Ohio
March 12, 2009


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Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
ASSETS
Current Assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 17,825     $ 14,512  
Accounts receivable, less allowances for doubtful accounts of $3,044 in 2008 and $3,724 in 2007
    165,779       172,357  
Inventories
    228,817       215,409  
Deferred tax assets
    9,446       21,897  
Unbilled contract revenue
    25,602       24,817  
Other current assets
    12,818       15,232  
                 
Total Current Assets
    460,287       464,224  
Property, plant and equipment:
               
Land and land improvements
    3,723       3,452  
Buildings
    42,464       41,437  
Machinery and equipment
    202,287       221,333  
                 
      248,474       266,222  
Less accumulated depreciation
    157,832       160,665  
                 
      90,642       105,557  
Other Assets:
               
Goodwill
    4,109       100,997  
Net assets held for sale
    -0-       3,330  
Other
    64,182       95,081  
                 
    $ 619,220     $ 769,189  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities
               
Trade accounts payable
  $ 121,995     $ 121,875  
Accrued expenses
    74,351       67,007  
Current portion of long-term debt
    8,778       2,362  
Current portion of other postretirement benefits
    2,290       2,041  
                 
Total Current Liabilities
    207,414       193,285  
Long-Term Liabilities, less current portion
               
8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014
    198,985       210,000  
Revolving credit
    164,600       145,400  
Other long-term debt
    2,283       2,287  
Deferred tax liability
    9,090       22,722  
Other postretirement benefits and other long-term liabilities
    24,093       24,017  
                 
      399,051       404,426  
Shareholders’ Equity
               
Capital stock, par value $1 per share
               
Serial preferred stock:
               
Authorized — 632,470 shares; Issued and outstanding — none
    -0-       -0-  
Common stock:
               
Authorized — 40,000,000 shares; Issued — 12,237,392 shares in 2008 and 12,232,859 in 2007
    12,237       12,233  
Additional paid-in capital
    64,212       61,956  
Retained (deficit) earnings
    (29,021 )     90,782  
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,443,524 shares in 2008 and 828,661 shares in 2007
    (17,192 )     (11,255 )
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
    (17,481 )     17,762  
                 
      12,755       171,478  
                 
    $ 619,220     $ 769,189  
                 
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
    (Dollars in thousands,
 
    except per share data)  
 
Net sales
  $ 1,068,757     $ 1,071,441     $ 1,056,246  
Cost of products sold
    919,297       912,337       908,095  
                         
Gross profit
    149,460       159,104       148,151  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    105,546       98,679       90,296  
Goodwill impairment charge
    95,763       -0-       -0-  
Restructuring and impairment charges (credits)
    25,331       -0-       (809 )
Gain on purchase of 8.375% senior subordinated notes
    (6,232 )     -0-       -0-  
Gain on sale of assets held for sale
    -0-       (2,299 )     -0-  
                         
Operating (loss) income
    (70,948 )     62,724       58,664  
Interest expense
    27,869       31,551       31,267  
                         
(Loss) income before income taxes
    (98,817 )     31,173       27,397  
Income taxes
    20,986       9,976       3,218  
                         
Net (loss) income
  $ (119,803 )   $ 21,197     $ 24,179  
                         
Amounts per common share:
                       
Basic
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.91     $ 2.20  
                         
Diluted
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.82     $ 2.11  
                         
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
 
                                                         
                            Accumulated
             
          Additional
    Retained
          Other
             
    Common
    Paid-In
    Earnings
    Treasury
    Comprehensive
    Unearned
       
    Stock     Capital     (Deficit)     Stock     Income (Loss)     Compensation     Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Balance at January 1, 2006
  $ 11,703     $ 57,508     $ 46,014     $ (9,009 )   $ (2,102 )   $ (593 )   $ 103,521  
Reclassification at January 1, 2006
            (593 )                             593       -0-  
Comprehensive income (loss):
                                                       
Net income
                    24,179                               24,179  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    2,128               2,128  
Minimum pension liability
                                    5,358               5,358  
                                                         
Comprehensive income
                                                    31,665  
Adjustment recognized upon adoption of FAS 158 (net of income tax of $404)
                                    440               440  
Restricted stock award
    340       (340 )                                     -0-  
Amortization of restricted stock
            787                                       787  
Share-based compensation
            299                                       299  
Tax valuation allowance reversal
            1,889                                       1,889  
Purchase of treasury stock
                            (57 )                     (57 )
Exercise of stock options (69,364 shares)
    67       126                                       193  
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2006
    12,110       59,676       70,193       (9,066 )     5,824       -0-       138,737  
Adjustment relating to adoption of FIN 48
                    (608 )                             (608 )
Comprehensive income (loss):
                                                       
Net income
                    21,197                               21,197  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    7,328               7,328  
Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of income tax of $182
                                    (323 )             (323 )
Pension and postretirement benefit adjustments, net of income tax of $2,834
                                    4,933               4,933  
                                                         
Comprehensive income
                                                    33,135  
Restricted stock award
    17       (17 )                                     -0-  
Amortization of restricted stock
            1,651                                       1,651  
Purchase of treasury stock (92,253 shares)
                            (2,189 )                     (2,189 )
Exercise of stock options (106,084 shares)
    106       234                                       340  
Share-based compensation
            412                                       412  
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2007
    12,233       61,956       90,782       (11,255 )     17,762       -0-       171,478  
Comprehensive (loss):
                                                       
Net loss
                    (119,803 )                             (119,803 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
                                    (8,730 )             (8,730 )
Unrealized loss on marketable securities, net of income tax of $-0-
                                    (90 )             (90 )
Pension and postretirement benefit adjustments, net of income tax of $13,460
                                    (26,423 )             (26,423 )
                                                         
Comprehensive (loss)
                                                    (155,046 )
Restricted stock award
    23       (23 )                                     -0-  
Restricted stock exchange for restricted share units
    (62 )     62                                       -0-  
Amortization of restricted stock
            1,677                                       1,677  
Purchase of treasury stock (614,863 shares)
                            (5,937 )                     (5,937 )
Exercise of stock options (43,003 shares)
    43       104                                       147  
Share-based compensation
            436                                       436  
                                                         
Balance at December 31, 2008
  $ 12,237     $ 64,212     $ (29,021 )   $ (17,192 )   $ (17,481 )   $ -0-     $ 12,755  
                                                         
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Subsidiaries
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                       
Net (loss) income
  $ (119,803 )   $ 21,197     $ 24,179  
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operations:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    20,933       20,611       20,140  
Restructuring and impairment charges (credits)
    121,094       2,214       (9 )
Gain on purchase of 8.375% senior subordinated notes
    (6,232 )     -0-       -0-  
Deferred income taxes
    -0-       4,342       (4,361 )
Stock based compensation expense
    2,113       2,063       1,086  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities excluding acquisitions of businesses:
                       
Accounts receivable
    6,578       9,536       (16,219 )
Inventories
    (12,547 )     8,527       (28,443 )
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    7,247       (22,246 )     16,956  
Other
    (10,836 )     (14,778 )     (7,266 )
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    8,547       31,466       6,063  
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                       
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (17,466 )     (21,876 )     (20,756 )
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    (5,322 )     -0-       (23,271 )
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions
    -0-       -0-       9,420  
Purchases of marketable securities
    (853 )     (5,142 )     -0-  
Sales of marketable securities
    2,983       662       -0-  
Proceeds from the sale of assets held for sale
    260       4,365       3,200  
                         
Net cash used by investing activities
    (20,398 )     (21,991 )     (31,407 )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                       
Proceeds from bank arrangements, net
    25,612       -0-       28,150  
Payments on bank arrangements, net
    -0-       (14,751 )     -0-  
Purchase of 8.375% senior subordinated notes
    (4,658 )     -0-       -0-  
Issuance of common stock under stock option plan
    147       340       193  
Purchase of treasury stock
    (5,937 )     (2,189 )     (58 )
                         
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities
    15,164       (16,600 )     28,285  
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    3,313       (7,125 )     2,941  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    14,512       21,637       18,696  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  $ 17,825     $ 14,512     $ 21,637  
                         
Income taxes paid
  $ 6,847     $ 6,170     $ 5,291  
Interest paid
    26,115       30,194       28,997  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
NOTE A — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation:  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons. In the ordinary course of business, the Company leases certain real properties as described in Note L. Transactions with related parties are in the ordinary course of business, are conducted on an arm’s-length basis, and are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Accounting Estimates:  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Cash Equivalents:  The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
 
Marketable Securities:  Marketable securities which consist of equity securities are classified as available for sale and are included in other current assets. The securities are carried at their fair value and net unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, are carried as a component of accumulated other comprehensive earnings (loss).
 
Inventories:  Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or market value. Inventory reserves were $22,312 and $20,432 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Major Classes of Inventories
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Finished goods
  $ 129,939     $ 129,074  
Work in process
    29,648       26,249  
Raw materials and supplies
    69,230       60,086  
                 
    $ 228,817     $ 215,409  
                 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment:  Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Additions and associated interest costs are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations. Depreciation of fixed assets is computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 25 to 60 years for buildings, and 3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in business conditions indicate that their full carrying value may not be recoverable. See Note O.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
We assess the recoverability of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) and identifiable acquired intangible assets with finite useful lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that we may not be able to recover the assets’ carrying amount. We measure the recoverability of assets to be held and used by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the expected net future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by that asset, or, for identifiable intangibles with finite useful lives, by determining


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
whether the amortization of the intangible asset balance over its remaining life can be recovered through undiscounted future cash flows. The amount of impairment of identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives, if any, to be recognized is measured based on projected discounted future cash flows. We measure the amount of impairment of other long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair market value of the asset, which is generally determined, based on projected discounted future cash flows or appraised values. We classify long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale as held and used until they are disposed.
 
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets:  In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“FAS 142”), the Company does not amortize goodwill recorded in connection with business acquisitions. The Company completed the annual impairment tests required by FAS 142 as of October 1, 2008 and updated these tests as necessary as of December 31, 2008. See Note D for the results of this testing. Other intangible assets, which consist primarily of non-contractual customer relationships, are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
 
We use an income approach to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. Absent an indication of fair value from a potential buyer or similar specific transactions, we believe that the use of this method provides reasonable estimates of a reporting unit’s fair value. The income approach is based on projected future debt-free cash flow that is discounted to present value using factors that consider the timing and risk of the future cash flows. We believe that this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit’s expected long-term operating and cash flow performance. This approach also mitigates most of the impact of cyclical downturns that occur in the reporting unit’s industry. The income approach is based on a reporting unit’s projection of operating results and cash flows that is discounted using a weighted-average cost of capital. The projection is based upon our best estimates of projected economic and market conditions over the related period including growth rates, estimates of future expected changes in operating margins and cash expenditures. Other significant estimates and assumptions include terminal value growth rates, terminal value margin rates, future capital expenditures and changes in future working capital requirements based on management projections. There are inherent uncertainties, however, related to these factors and to our judgment in applying them to this analysis. Nonetheless, we believe that this method provides a reasonable approach to estimate the fair value of our reporting units.
 
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits:  The Company and its subsidiaries have pension plans, principally noncontributory defined benefit or noncontributory defined contribution plans, covering substantially all employees. In addition, the Company has two unfunded postretirement benefit plans. For the defined benefit plans, benefits are based on the employee’s years of service. For the defined contribution plans, the costs charged to operations and the amount funded are based upon a percentage of the covered employees’ compensation.
 
Stock-Based Compensation:  Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“FAS 123(R)”), using the “modified prospective” method. Under this method, compensation cost is recognized beginning with the effective date (a) based on the requirements of FAS 123(R) for all share-based payments granted after the effective date and (b) based on the requirements of FAS 123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the effective date of FAS 123(R) that remain unvested on the effective date.
 
FAS 123(R) was issued on December 16, 2004 and is a revision of FAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” FAS 123(R) supersedes Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB Opinion 25”) and amends SFAS 95, “Statement of Cash Flows.” Generally, the approach in FAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described in FAS 123. However, FAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
alternative. The adoption of fair value recognition provisions for share-based awards increased the Company’s fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 compensation expense by $436, $412 and $299 (before tax), respectively.
 
As permitted by FAS 123, the Company previously accounted for share-based payments to employees using APB Opinion 25’s intrinsic value method and, as such, generally recognized no compensation cost for employee stock options. FAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under previous accounting guidance. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. While the Company cannot estimate what those amounts will be in the future (because they depend on, among other things, when employees exercise stock options), the amount of operating cash flows recognized in prior years was zero because the Company did not owe federal income taxes due to the recognition of net operating loss carryforwards for which valuation allowances had been provided.
 
The fair value of stock options is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for options granted in the following fiscal years:
 
                 
    Years Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Risk — free interest rate
    3.33 %     4.62 %
Expected life of option in years
    6.0       6.0  
Expected dividend yield
    0 %     0 %
Expected stock volatility
    53 %     57 %
 
The weighted average fair market value of options issued for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was estimated to be $7.48 and $12.92 per share, respectively. There were no options issued for the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
Additional information regarding our share-based compensation program is provided in Note I.
 
Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations:  In accordance with FIN No. 47, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143”, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations”, the Company has identified certain conditional asset retirement obligations at various current manufacturing facilities. These obligations relate primarily to asbestos abatement. Using investigative, remediation, and disposal methods that are currently available to the Company, the estimated cost of these obligations is not significant and management does not believe that any potential liability ultimately attributed to the Company for its conditional asset retirement obligations will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, or cash flow due to the extended period of time during which investigation and remediation takes place. An estimate of the potential impact on the Company’s operations cannot be made due to the aforementioned uncertainties. Management expects these contingent asset retirement obligations to be resolved over an extended period of time. Management is unable to provide a more specific time frame due to the indefinite amount of time to conduct investigation activities at any site, the indefinite amount of time to obtain governmental agency approval, as necessary, with respect to investigation and remediation activities, and the indefinite amount of time necessary to conduct remediation activities.
 
Income Taxes:  The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the current enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
losses, expectations of future earnings, taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid and accordingly records valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized as required by SFAS No. 109 (“FAS 109”), “Accounting for Income Taxes.”
 
Revenue Recognition:  The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts (approximately 16% of consolidated revenue) is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. Revenue earned on contracts in process in excess of billings is classified in unbilled contract revenues in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 104, “Revenue Recognition.”
 
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:  Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectible in the future. The Company’s policy is to identify and reserve for specific collectibility concerns based on customers’ financial condition and payment history. On November 16, 2007, the Company entered into a five-year Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement whereby one specific customer’s accounts receivable may be sold without recourse to a third-party financial institution on a revolving basis. During 2008 and 2007, we sold approximately $33,814 and $10,400, respectively, of accounts receivable to mitigate accounts receivable concentration risk and to provide additional financing capacity. In compliance with SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (“FAS 140”), sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the proceeds are included in the cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash flows. In 2008 and 2007, a loss in the amount of $200 and $84, respectively, related to the sale of accounts receivable is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. These losses represented implicit interest on the transactions.
 
Software Development Costs:  Software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing feasibility through the general release of the software products are capitalized and included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Technological feasibility is demonstrated by the completion of a working model. All costs prior to the development of the working model are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over five years, which is the estimated useful life of the software product.
 
Concentration of Credit Risk:  The Company sells its products to customers in diversified industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had uncollateralized receivables with five customers in the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, each with several locations, aggregating $22,241, which represented approximately 13% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. During 2008, sales to these customers amounted to approximately $170,740, which represented approximately 16% of the Company’s net sales.
 
Shipping and Handling Costs:  All shipping and handling costs are included in cost of products sold in the Consolidated Income Statements.
 
Environmental:  The Company accrues environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Costs that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
capitalized. The Company records a liability when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability of the Company is not discounted or reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers.
 
Foreign Currency Translation:  The functional currency for all subsidiaries outside the United States is the local currency. Financial statements for these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates as to revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In December 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FSP 132(R)-1, “Employers Disclosures about Post Retirement Benefit Plan Assets.” FSP 132(R)-1 provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The guidance addresses disclosures related to the categories of plan assets and fair value measurements of plan assets. This Staff Position is effective for the Company in 2009 and will have no effect on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“FAS 161”). FAS 161 modifies existing requirements to include qualitative disclosures regarding the objectives and strategies for using derivatives, fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. The pronouncement also requires the cross-referencing of derivative disclosures within the financial statements and notes thereto. The requirements of FAS 161 are effective for the Company in 2009. The adoption of FAS 161 will not have an impact on the Company’s financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“FAS 160”). FAS 160 modifies the reporting for noncontrolling interests in the balance sheet and minority interest income (expense) in the income statement. The pronouncement also requires that increases and decreases in the noncontrolling ownership interest amount be accounted for as equity transactions. FAS 160 is required to be adopted prospectively, with limited exceptions, effective for the Company in 2009.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations” (“FAS 141R”). FAS 141R modifies the accounting for business combinations by requiring that acquired assets and assumed liabilities be recorded at fair value, contingent consideration arrangements be recorded at fair value on the date of the acquisition and preacquisition contingencies will generally be accounted for in purchase accounting at fair value. The pronouncement also requires that transaction costs be expensed as incurred, acquired research and development be capitalized as an indefinite-lived intangible asset and the requirements of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” be met at the acquisition date in order to accrue for a restructuring plan in purchase accounting. FAS 141R is required to be adopted prospectively effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“FAS 159”). FAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The pronouncement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to facilitate comparison between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
FAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company did not elect to measure its financial instruments or any other items at fair value as permitted by FAS 159.
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, (“FAS 157”) which defines fair value, establishes the framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, that delayed the effective date of FAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. We adopted the non-deferred portion of FAS 157 on January 1, 2008, and such adoption did not have an impact on our financial statements. We are evaluating the effect that adoption of the deferred portion of FAS 157 will have on our financial statements in 2009, specifically in the areas of measuring fair value in business combinations and goodwill.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s financial assets subject to FAS 157 consisted of marketable equity securities and other investments totaling $921 and $5,239, respectively. The marketable securities are classified as having Level 1 inputs, as the fair value is based on quoted prices in active markets. The other investments are classified as having Level 2 inputs, as the fair value is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
 
NOTE B — Industry Segments
 
The Company operates through three segments: Supply Technologies, Aluminum Products and Manufactured Products. In November 2007, our Integrated Logistics Solutions segment changed its name to Supply Technologies to better reflect its breadth of services and focus on driving efficiencies throughout the total supply management process. Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Managementtm services for a broad range of high-volume, specialty production components. Total Supply Managementtm manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation and includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. The principal customers of Supply Technologies are in the heavy-duty truck, automotive and vehicle parts, electrical distribution and controls, consumer electronics, power sports/fitness equipment, HVAC, agricultural and construction equipment, semiconductor equipment, plumbing, aerospace and defense, and appliance industries. Aluminum Products manufactures cast aluminum components for automotive, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck and marine equipment industries. Aluminum Products also provides value-added services such as design and engineering, machining and assembly. Manufactured Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of high quality products engineered for specific customer applications. The principal customers of Manufactured Products are original equipment manufacturers and end users in the steel, coatings, forging, foundry, heavy-duty truck, construction equipment, bottling, automotive, oil and gas, rail and locomotive manufacturing and aerospace and defense industries.
 
The Company’s sales are made through its own sales organization, distributors and representatives. Intersegment sales are immaterial and eliminated in consolidation and are not included in the figures presented. Intersegment sales are accounted for at values based on market prices. Income allocated to


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
segments excludes certain corporate expenses and interest expense. Identifiable assets by industry segment include assets directly identified with those operations.
 
Corporate assets generally consist of cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets, property and equipment, and other assets.
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Net sales:
                       
Supply Technologies
  $ 521,270     $ 531,417     $ 598,228  
Aluminum Products
    156,269       169,118       154,639  
Manufactured Products
    391,218       370,906       303,379  
                         
    $ 1,068,757     $ 1,071,441     $ 1,056,246  
                         
Income before income taxes:
                       
Supply Technologies
  $ (74,884 )   $ 27,175     $ 38,383  
Aluminum Products
    (36,042 )     3,020       3,921  
Manufactured Products
    50,534       45,798       28,991  
                         
      (60,392 )     75,993       71,295  
Corporate costs
    (10,556 )     (13,269 )     (12,631 )
Interest expense
    (27,869 )     (31,551 )     (31,267 )
                         
    $ (98,817 )   $ 31,173     $ 27,397  
                         
Identifiable assets:
                       
Supply Technologies
  $ 256,161     $ 354,165     $ 382,101  
Aluminum Products
    87,215       98,524       98,041  
Manufactured Products
    242,057       231,459       205,698  
General corporate
    33,787       85,041       97,911  
                         
    $ 619,220     $ 769,189     $ 783,751  
                         
Depreciation and amortization expense:
                       
Supply Technologies
  $ 5,153     $ 4,832     $ 4,365  
Aluminum Products
    8,564       8,563       7,892  
Manufactured Products
    6,586       6,723       6,960  
General corporate
    630       493       923  
                         
    $ 20,933     $ 20,611     $ 20,140  
                         
Capital expenditures:
                       
Supply Technologies
  $ 931     $ 7,751     $ 2,447  
Aluminum Products
    7,750       4,775       5,528  
Manufactured Products
    8,101       6,534       12,548  
General corporate
    684       2,816       233  
                         
    $ 17,466     $ 21,876     $ 20,756  
                         


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The Company had sales of $88,222 in 2008, $77,389 in 2007 and $146,849 in 2006 to Navistar, Inc. (“Navistar”), which represented approximately 8%, 7% and 14% of consolidated net sales for each respective year.
 
The Company’s approximate percentage of net sales by geographic region were as follows:
 
                         
    Year Ended
 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
United States
    68 %     70 %     76 %
Asia
    11 %     9 %     5 %
Canada
    6 %     5 %     9 %
Mexico
    6 %     6 %     4 %
Europe
    6 %     6 %     4 %
Other
    3 %     4 %     2 %
                         
      100 %     100 %     100 %
                         
 
At December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, approximately 81%, 85% and 90%, respectively, of the Company’s assets were maintained in the United States.
 
NOTE C — Acquisitions
 
During 2008, the Company purchased certain assets of two companies for a total cost of $5,322. These acquisitions were funded with borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility. These acquisitions were not deemed significant as defined in Regulation S-X.
 
In October 2006, the Company acquired all of the capital stock of NABS, Inc. (“NABS”) for $21,201 in cash. NABS is a premier international supply chain manager of production components, providing services to high technology companies in the computer, electronics, and consumer products industries. NABS has 19 operations across Europe, Asia, Mexico and the United States. The acquisition was funded with borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility.
 
The purchase price and results of operations of NABS prior to its date of acquisition were not deemed significant as defined in Regulation S-X. The results of operations for NABS have been included in the Supply Technologies segment since October 18, 2006. The final allocation of the purchase price has been


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
performed based on the assignments of fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final allocation of the purchase price is as follows:
 
         
Cash acquisition price, less cash acquired
  $ 20,053  
Assets
       
Accounts receivable
    (11,460 )
Inventories
    (4,326 )
Other current assets
    (201 )
Equipment
    (365 )
Intangible assets subject to amortization
    (8,020 )
Other assets
    (724 )
Liabilities
       
Accounts payable
    9,905  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
    4,701  
Deferred tax liability
    3,128  
         
Goodwill
  $ 12,691  
         
 
In January 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the capital stock of Foundry Service GmbH (“Foundry Service”) for approximately $3,219, which resulted in additional goodwill of $2,313. The acquisition was funded with borrowings from foreign subsidiaries of the Company. The acquisition was not deemed significant as defined in Regulation S-X.
 
NOTE D — FAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”
 
FAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles”, requires that our annual, and any interim, impairment assessment be performed at the “reporting unit” level. At October 1, 2008, the Company had four reporting units that had goodwill. Under the provisions of FASB Statement No. 142, these four reporting units were tested for impairment as of October 1, 2008 and updated as of December 31, 2008, as necessary. During the fourth quarter of 2008, indicators of potential impairment caused us to update our impairment tests. Those indicators included the following: a significant decrease in market capitalization; a decline in recent operating results; and a decline in our business outlook primarily due to the macroeconomic environment. In accordance with FAS 142, we completed an impairment analysis and concluded that all of the goodwill in three of the reporting units for a total of $95,763 was impaired and written off in the fourth quarter of 2008.
 
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 by reporting segment.
 
                 
    Goodwill at
    Goodwill at
 
Reporting Segment
  December 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
 
Supply Technologies
  $ -0-     $ 80,249  
Aluminum Products
    -0-       16,515  
Manufactured Products
    4,109       4,233  
                 
    $ 4,109     $ 100,997  
                 
 
The decrease in the goodwill in the Manufactured Products segment and in the Supply Technologies segment prior to the impairment charge during 2008 results from foreign currency fluctuations.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Other intangible assets were acquired in connection with the acquisition of NABS. Information regarding other intangible assets as of December 31, 2008 follows:
 
                         
    Acquisition
    Accumulated
       
    Costs     Amortization     Net  
 
Non-contractual customer relationships
  $ 7,200     $ 1,200     $ 6,000  
Other
    820       248       572  
                         
    $ 8,020     $ 1,448     $ 6,572  
                         
 
Amortization of other intangible assets was $724 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
NOTE E — Other Assets
 
Other assets consists of the following:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Pension assets
  $ 38,985     $ 70,558  
Deferred financing costs, net
    2,951       4,225  
Tooling
    139       543  
Software development costs
    4,096       3,461  
Intangible assets subject to amortization
    7,513       7,954  
Other
    10,498       8,340  
                 
Totals
  $ 64,182     $ 95,081  
                 
 
NOTE F — Accrued Expenses
 
Accrued expenses include the following:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits
  $ 13,173     $ 17,399  
Advance billings
    28,412       16,387  
Warranty and project accruals
    6,686       7,322  
Interest payable
    2,837       2,683  
Taxes
    6,386       5,607  
Other
    16,857       17,609  
                 
Totals
  $ 74,351     $ 67,007  
                 
 
Substantially all advance billings, warranty and project accruals relate to the Company’s capital equipment businesses.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The changes in the aggregate product warranty liability are as follows for the year ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
 
                         
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 5,799     $ 3,557     $ 3,566  
Claims paid during the year
    (3,944 )     (2,402 )     (2,984 )
Warranty expense
    4,202       4,526       2,797  
Other
    (655 )     118       178  
                         
Balance at end of year
  $ 5,402     $ 5,799     $ 3,557  
                         
 
NOTE G — Financing Arrangements
 
Long-term debt consists of the following:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014
  $ 198,985     $ 210,000  
Revolving credit facility maturing on December 31, 2010
    164,600       145,400  
Other
    11,061       4,649  
                 
      374,646       360,049  
Less current maturities
    8,778       2,362  
                 
Total
  $ 365,868     $ 357,687  
                 
 
Maturities of long-term debt during each of the five years following December 31, 2008 are approximately $8,778 in 2009, $166,859 in 2010, $24 in 2011, $-0- in 2012 and $-0- in 2013.
 
The Company is a party to a credit and security agreement dated November 5, 2003, as amended (“Credit Agreement”), with a group of banks, under which it may borrow or issue standby letters of credit or commercial letters of credit up to $270,000. The credit agreement, as amended, provides lower interest rate brackets and modified certain covenants to provide greater flexibility. The Credit Agreement currently contains a detailed borrowing base formula that provides borrowing capacity to the Company based on negotiated percentages of eligible accounts receivable, inventory and fixed assets. At December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $47,070 of unused borrowing capacity available under the Credit Agreement. Interest is payable quarterly at either the bank’s prime lending rate (3.25% at December 31, 2008) or, at the Company’s election, at LIBOR plus .75% to 1.75%. The Company’s ability to elect LIBOR-based interest rates as well as the overall interest rate are dependent on the Company’s Debt Service Coverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Agreement. Up to $40,000 in standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit may be issued under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2008, in addition to amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement, there was $10,519 outstanding primarily for standby letters of credit. An annual fee of .25% is imposed by the bank on the unused portion of available borrowings. The Credit Agreement expires on December 31, 2010 and borrowings are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets.
 
Foreign subsidiaries of the Company had borrowings of $10,319 and $3,688 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively and outstanding standby letters of credit of $12,194 at December 31, 2008 under their credit arrangements.
 
The 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014 (“8.375% Notes”) are general unsecured senior subordinated obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all material domestic subsidiaries of the Company. Provisions of the indenture governing


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
the 8.375% Notes and the Credit Agreement contain restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to make certain payments, investments, loans and guarantees and to sell or otherwise dispose of a substantial portion of assets or to merge or consolidate with an unaffiliated entity. At December 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants of the Credit Agreement.
 
The weighted average interest rate on all debt was 5.98% at December 31, 2008.
 
The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under the Credit Agreement approximate fair value at December 31, 2008 and 2007. The approximate fair value of the 8.375% Notes was $79,594 and $189,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
In 2008, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. purchased $11,015 aggregate principal amount of the 8.375% Notes, which were issued by Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. for $4,658. After writing off $125 of deferred financing costs, the Company recorded a net gain of $6,232. The 8.375% Notes were not contributed to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. but are held by Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
NOTE H — Income Taxes
 
Income taxes consisted of the following:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
Current payable (benefit):
                       
Federal
  $ 229     $ (9 )   $ 2,355  
State
    1,518       299       432  
Foreign
    6,156       5,344       4,792  
                         
      7,903       5,634       7,579  
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    12,421       3,639       (1,093 )
State
    923       198       (1,521 )
Foreign
    (261 )     505       (1,747 )
                         
      13,083       4,342       (4,361 )
                         
Income taxes
  $ 20,986     $ 9,976     $ 3,218  
                         
 
The reasons for the difference between income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes are as follows:
 
                         
Rate Reconciliation
  2008     2007     2006  
 
Tax at statutory rate
  $ (34,586 )   $ 10,911     $ 9,571  
Effect of state income taxes, net
    (1,834 )     266       (1,240 )
Effect of foreign operations
    293       (1,082 )     (1,441 )
Goodwill
    23,241       -0-       -0-  
Valuation allowance
    33,625       238       (4,806 )
Other, net
    247       (357 )     1,134  
                         
Total
  $ 20,986     $ 9,976     $ 3,218  
                         


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Postretirement benefit obligation
  $ 7,579     $ 7,604  
Inventory
    12,126       10,969  
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards
    22,133       21,544  
Goodwill
    5,465       -0-  
Other
    10,832       9,223  
                 
Total deferred tax assets
    58,135       49,340  
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Tax over book depreciation
    5,824       13,354  
Pension
    14,389       26,071  
Inventory
    -0-       864  
Intangible assets and other
    2,645       2,955  
Deductible goodwill
    -0-       4,704  
                 
Total deferred tax liabilities
    22,858       47,948  
                 
Net deferred tax assets prior to valuation allowances
    35,277       1,392  
Valuation allowances
    (34,921 )     (2,217 )
                 
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
  $ 356     $ (825 )
                 
 
At December 31, 2008, the Company has federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes. The U.S. federal net operating loss carryforward is approximately $42,129 which expires between 2022 and 2028. Foreign net operating losses of $1,389 have no expiration date. The tax benefit of the U.S. federal net operating loss is $13,372, which has been reduced by $1,373 of FIN 48 liabilities. The Company also has $2,281 of state tax benefit related to state net operating losses which expire between 2011 and 2028. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income (including reversals of deferred tax liabilities).
 
At December 31, 2008, the Company has research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $2,862 which expire between 2010 and 2028. The Company also has foreign tax credit carryforwards of $1,551, which expire between 2015 and 2018, and alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $1,146 which have no expiration date.
 
The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s tax years for 2005 through 2008 remain open for examination by the U.S. and various state and foreign taxing authorities.
 
As of December 31, 2006, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that it would be able to realize most of its deferred tax assets in the future and released $4,806 of the valuation allowance. As of December 31, 2006, the Company also recognized a tax benefit for net operating losses of $1,284 for state income taxes which it had determined are more likely than not will be fully realized in the future. As of December 31, 2008 the Company was in a cumulative three-year loss position and determined that it was not more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will be realized. Therefore, as of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance of $33,466 against its U.S. net deferred tax assets. The Company reviews all valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets and will reverse these valuation allowances, partially or totally, when appropriate under FAS 109.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized a $608 increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits which was accounted for as a reduction in retained earnings. The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was approximately $4,691. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
                 
    2008     2007  
 
Unrecognized Tax Benefit — January 1,
  $ 5,255     $ 4,691  
Gross Increases — Tax Positions in Prior Period
    -0-       72  
Gross Decreases — Tax Positions in Prior Period
    (39 )     (133 )
Gross Increases — Tax Positions in Current Period
    590       625  
Settlements
    -0-       -0-  
Lapse of Statute of Limitations
    -0-       -0-  
                 
Unrecognized Tax Benefit — December 31,
  $ 5,806     $ 5,255  
                 
 
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $4,692 at December 31, 2008 and $4,311 at December 31, 2007. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized approximately $94 and $57, respectively, in net interest and penalties. The Company had approximately $631 and $537 for the payment of interest and penalties accrued at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Company does not expect that the unrecognized tax benefit will change significantly within the next twelve months.
 
Deferred taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries as it is the Company’s policy to permanently reinvest such earnings. The Company has determined that it is not practical to determine the deferred tax liability on such undistributed earnings.
 
NOTE I — Stock Plan
 
Under the provisions of the Company’s 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“1998 Plan”), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors, incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted shares, performance shares or stock awards may be awarded to directors and all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. Stock options will be exercisable in whole or in installments as may be determined provided that no options will be exercisable more than ten years from date of grant. The exercise price will be the fair market value at the date of grant. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be awarded under the 1998 Plan is 2,650,000, all of which may be incentive stock options. No more than 500,000 shares shall be the subject of awards to any individual participant in any one calendar year.
 
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of FAS 123(R) and elected to use the modified prospective transition method. The modified prospective transition method requires that compensation cost be recognized in the financial statements for all stock option awards granted after the date of adoption and for all unvested stock option awards granted prior to the date of adoption. In accordance with FAS 123(R), prior period amounts were not restated. Additionally, the Company elected to calculate its initial pool of excess tax benefits using the simplified alternative approach described in FASB Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-3, “Transition Election Related to Accounting for the Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards.” Prior to the adoption of FAS 123(R), the Company utilized the intrinsic-value based method of accounting under APB Opinion 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
interpretations, and adopted the disclosure requirements of FAS 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.”
 
Prior to January 1, 2006, no stock-based compensation expense was recognized for stock option awards under the intrinsic-value based method. The adoption of FAS 123(R) reduced operating income before income taxes for 2008, 2007 and 2006 by $436, $412 and $299.
 
The fair value of significant stock option awards granted during 2008 and 2007 was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing method with the following assumptions:
 
Assumptions:
 
                 
    2008     2007  
 
Weighted average fair value per option
  $ 7.48     $ 12.92  
Risk-free interest rate
    3.33 %     4.62 %
Dividend yield
    0 %     0 %
Expected stock volatility
    53 %     57 %
Expected life — years
    6.0       6.0  
 
There were no options awarded during the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
Historical information was the primary basis for the selection of the expected dividend yield, and expected volatility. The SEC simplified method per SAB 107 is the basis for the assumptions of the expected lives of the options. The risk-free interest rate was based upon yields of U.S. zero coupon issues and U.S. Treasury issues, with a term equal to the expected life of the option being valued. Forfeitures were estimated at 3% for 2008 and 2007.
 
A summary of option activity as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 changes during the years then ended is presented below:
 
                                                                 
    2008     2007  
                Weighted
                      Weighted
       
          Weighted
    Average
                Weighted
    Average
       
          Average
    Remaining
    Aggregate
          Average
    Remaining
    Aggregate
 
    Number
    Exercise
    Contractual
    Intrinsic
    Number
    Exercise
    Contractual
    Intrinsic
 
    of Shares     Price     Term     Value     of Shares     Price     Term     Value  
 
Outstanding — beginning of year
    875,719     $ 4.83                       926,386     $ 3.59                  
Granted
    90,000       14.06                       56,250       22.30                  
Exercised
    (43,003 )     3.42                       (106,084 )     3.21                  
Canceled or Expired
    (21,666 )     17.52                       (833 )     14.12                  
                                                                 
Outstanding — end of year
    901,050     $ 4.28       4.0 years     $ 1,702       875,719     $ 4.83       4.8 years     $ 17,752  
Options Exercisable
    790,218       3.99       3.6 years       1,721       785,646       3.16       4.7 years       17,240  
 
Exercise prices for options outstanding as of December 31, 2008 range from $1.91 to $6.28, $13.40 to $15.61 and $20.00 to $24.92. The number of options outstanding at December 31, 2008, which correspond with these ranges, are 693,900, 161,500 and 46,250, respectively. The number of options exercisable at December 31, 2008, which correspond to these ranges are 683,300, 91,500 and 15,418, respectively. The weighted average contractual life of these options is 4.0 years.
 
Exercise prices for options outstanding as of December 31, 2007 range from $1.91 to $6.28, $14.12 to $14.90 and $20.00 to $24.92. The number of options outstanding at December 31, 2007, which correspond with these ranges, are 721,303, 98,166 and 56,250, respectively. The number of options exercisable at


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
December 31, 2007, which correspond to these ranges are 721,304, 64,432 and -0-, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of these options is 4.8 years.
 
The number of shares available for future grants for all plans at December 31, 2008 is 582,650.
 
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $343, $2,318 and $992, respectively. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $147, $340 and $193, respectively. There were no income tax benefits because the Company had a net operating loss carryforward.
 
A summary of restricted share activity for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
 
                                 
    2008     2007  
          Weighted
          Weighted
 
          Average
          Average
 
    Number of
    Grant Date
    Number of
    Grant Date
 
    Shares     Fair Value     Shares     Fair Value  
 
Outstanding — beginning of year
    261,943     $ 14.67       362,204     $ 14.06  
Granted
    23,500       14.90       16,500       24.92  
Vested
    (48,972 )     17.28       (116,761 )     14.23  
Canceled or expired
    (61,970 )     13.93       -0-       -0-  
                                 
Outstanding — end of year
    174,501       14.93       261,943       14.67  
                                 
 
The Company recognizes compensation cost of all share-based awards as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the awards.
 
The Company recognized compensation expense of $1,677, $1,651 and $787 for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, relating to restricted shares.
 
The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $1,235, $2,953 and $467, respectively.
 
On September 11, 2008, the Company delayed the vesting of 61,970 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock held by two of the Company’s officers. In lieu of vesting the restricted shares, the officers agreed to exchange 61,970 shares of restricted stock for 61,970 restricted stock units. The restricted stock units were fully vested and will be paid in shares of the Company’s common stock either upon termination of employment with the Company or when the deduction by the Company for such payment would not be prohibited under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.
 
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had unrecognized compensation expense of $2,762, before taxes, related to stock option awards and restricted shares. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a total weighted average period of 2.1 years.
 
NOTE J — Legal Proceedings
 
The Company is subject to various pending and threatened lawsuits in which claims for monetary damages are asserted in the ordinary course of business. While any litigation involves an element of uncertainty, in the opinion of management, liabilities, if any, arising from currently pending or threatened litigation is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.
 
NOTE K — Pensions and Postretirement Benefits
 
On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure provisions of FAS 158. FAS 158 required the Company to recognize the funded status (i.e., the difference between the Company’s


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligations) of its defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans (collectively, the “postretirement benefit plans”) in the December 31, 2006 Consolidated Balance Sheet, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption represents the net unrecognized actuarial losses, unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized transition obligation remaining from the initial adoption of FAS 87 and FAS 106, all of which were previously netted against the postretirement benefit plans’ funded status in the company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with the provisions of FAS 87 and FAS 106. These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic benefit cost in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting policy for amortizing these amounts. In addition, actuarial gains and losses that arise in subsequent periods and are not recognized as net periodic benefit cost in the same periods will be recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. Those amounts will be subsequently recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost on the same basis as the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at adoption of FAS 158.
 
The estimated net (gain), prior service cost and net transition (asset) for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2009 are $(925), $129 and $(40), respectively.
 
The estimated net loss for the postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the year ending December 31, 2009 is $386.
 
The following tables set forth the change in benefit obligation, plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet for the defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
 
                                 
          Postretirement
 
    Pension     Benefits  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Change in benefit obligation
                               
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
  $ 48,320     $ 52,387     $ 18,711     $ 22,989  
Service cost
    439       334       87       180  
Curtailment and settlement
    -0-       80       -0-       -0-  
Interest cost
    2,892       2,842       1,215       1,103  
Amendments
    -0-       -0-       -0-       -0-  
Actuarial losses (gains)
    1,150       (2,571 )     2,348       (2,990 )
Benefits and expenses paid, net of contributions
    (4,418 )     (4,752 )     (2,400 )     (2,571 )
                                 
Benefit obligation at end of year
  $ 48,383     $ 48,320     $ 19,961     $ 18,711  
                                 
Change in plan assets
                               
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
  $ 118,878     $ 112,496     $ -0-     $ -0-  
Actual return on plan assets
    (27,092 )     11,134       -0-       -0-  
Company contributions
    -0-       -0-       2,400       2,571  
Benefits and expenses paid, net of contributions
    (4,418 )     (4,752 )     (2,400 )     (2,571 )
                                 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
  $ 87,368     $ 118,878     $ -0-     $ -0-  
                                 
Funded (underfunded) status of the plan
  $ 38,985     $ 70,558     $ (19,961 )   $ (18,711 )
                                 


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
 
                                 
          Postretirement
 
    Pension     Benefits  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Noncurrent assets
  $ 38,985     $ 70,558     $ -0-     $ -0-  
Noncurrent liabilities
    -0-       -0-       11,757       12,786  
Current liabilities
    -0-       -0-       2,290       2,041  
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
    25,131       (12,756 )     5,914       3,884  
                                 
Net amount recognized at the end of the year
  $ 64,116     $ 57,802     $ 19,961     $ 18,711  
                                 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
                               
Net actuarial loss/(gain)
  $ 24,972     $ (13,005 )   $ 5,914     $ 3,936  
Net prior service cost (credit)
    372       509       -0-       (52 )
Net transition obligation (asset)
    (213 )     (260 )     -0-       -0-  
                                 
Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
  $ 25,131     $ (12,756 )   $ 5,914     $ 3,884  
                                 
 
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company’s defined benefit pension plans did not hold a material amount of shares of the Company’s common stock.
 
The pension plan weighted-average asset allocation at December 31, 2008 and 2007 and target allocation for 2009 are as follows:
 
                         
          Plan Assets  
    Target 2009     2008     2007  
 
Asset Category
                       
Equity securities
    60-70 %     54.0 %     64.8 %
Debt securities
    20-30       11.6       24.2  
Other
    7-15       34.4       11.0  
                         
      100 %     100 %     100 %
                         
 
The following tables summarize the assumptions used by the consulting actuary and the related cost information.
 
                                                 
    Weighted-Average assumptions as of December 31,  
    Pension     Postretirement Benefits  
    2008     2007     2006     2008     2007     2006  
 
Discount rate
    6.25 %     6.25 %     5.75 %     6.25 %     6.25 %     5.75 %
Expected return on plan assets
    8.25 %     8.25 %     8.50 %     N/A       N/A       N/A  
Rate of compensation increase
    N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A       N/A  
 
In determining its expected return on plan assets assumption for the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company considered historical experience, its asset allocation, expected future long-term rates of return for each major asset class, and an assumed long-term inflation rate. Based on these factors, the Company derived an expected return on plan assets for the year ended December 31, 2008 of 8.25%. This assumption was supported by the asset return generation model, which projected future asset returns using simulation and asset class correlation.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
For measurement purposes, a 8.0% annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits was assumed for 2008. The rate was assumed to decrease gradually to 5.0% for 2011 and remain at that level thereafter.
 
                                                 
    Pension Benefits     Postretirement Benefits  
    2008     2007     2006     2008     2007     2006  
 
Components of net periodic benefit cost
                                               
Service costs
  $ 439     $ 334     $ 426     $ 87     $ 180     $ 199  
Interest costs
    2,892       2,842       2,915       1,215       1,103       1,292  
Expected return on plan assets
    (9,634 )     (9,049 )     (8,408 )     -0-       -0-       -0-  
Transition obligation
    (47 )     (38 )     (48 )     -0-       -0-       -0-  
FAS 88 one-time charge
    -0-       80       297       -0-       -0-       -0-  
Amortization of prior service cost
    137       138       182       (52 )     (63 )     (63 )
Recognized net actuarial (gain) loss
    (100 )     13       99       369       227       374  
                                                 
Benefit (income) costs
  $ (6,313 )   $ (5,680 )   $ (4,537 )   $ 1,619     $ 1,447     $ 1,802  
                                                 
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
                                               
AOCI at beginning of year
  $ (12,756 )   $ (8,144 )   $ 5,358     $ 3,884     $ 7,038     $ -0-  
Net loss/(gain)
    37,876       (4,499 )             2,347       (2,990 )        
Recognition of prior service cost/(credit)
    (137 )     (138 )     -0-       52       63       -0-  
Recognition of loss/(gain)
    148       25       -0-       (369 )     (227 )     -0-  
Decrease prior to adoption of SFAS No. 158
    -0-       -0-       (5,358 )     -0-       -0-       -0-  
Increase (decrease) due to adoption of SFAS No. 158
    -0-       -0-       (8,144 )     -0-       -0-       7,038  
                                                 
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss at end of year
  $ 25,131     $ (12,756 )   $ (8,144 )   $ 5,914     $ 3,884     $ 7,038  
                                                 
 
Below is a table summarizing the Company’s expected future benefit payments and the expected payments due to Medicare subsidy over the next ten years:
 
                                 
          Postretirement Benefits  
    Pension
          Expected
    Net including
 
    Benefits     Gross     Medicare Subsidy     Medicare Subsidy  
 
2009
  $ 4,193     $ 2,497     $ 208     $ 2,289  
2010
    4,119       2,447       210       2,237  
2011
    4,040       2,356       207       2,149  
2012
    3,959       2,192       204       1,988  
2013
    3,933       2,074       195       1,879  
2014 to 2018
    18,791       8,670       836       7,834  


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The Company has two postretirement benefit plans. Under both of these plans, health care benefits are provided on both a contributory and noncontributory basis. The assumed health care cost trend rate has a significant effect on the amounts reported. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effects:
 
                 
    1-Percentage
    1-Percentage
 
    Point
    Point
 
    Increase     Decrease  
 
Effect on total of service and interest cost components in 2008
  $ 108     $ (93 )
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2008
  $ 1,581     $ (1,386 )
 
The total contribution charged to pension expense for the Company’s defined contribution plans was $2,081 in 2008, $2,068 in 2007 and $1,831 in 2006. The Company expects to have no contributions to its defined benefit plans in 2009.
 
In January 2008, a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) for the Company’s Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The SERP provides an annual supplemental retirement benefit for up to $375 upon the CEO’s termination of employment with the Company. The vested retirement benefit will be equal to a percentage of the Supplemental Pension that is equal to the ratio of the sum of his credited service with the Company prior to January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of thirteen years), and his credited service on or after January 1, 2008 (up to a maximum of seven years) to twenty years of credited service. In the event of a change in control before the CEO’s termination of employment, he will receive 100% of the Supplemental Pension. The Company recorded an expense of $389 related with the SERP in 2008. Additionally, a non-qualified defined contribution retirement benefit was also approved in which the company will credit $94 quarterly ($375 annually) for a seven year period to an account in which the CEO will always be 100% vested. The seven year period began on March 31, 2008.
 
NOTE L — Leases and Sale-leaseback Transactions
 
Future minimum lease commitments during each of the five years following December 31, 2008 and thereafter are as follows: $13,581 in 2009, $9,967 in 2010, $7,797 in 2011, $5,357 in 2012, $3,381 in 2013 and $8,428 thereafter. Rental expense for 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $14,400, $14,687 and $15,370, respectively.
 
In 2006, the Company entered into two sale-leaseback arrangements. Under the arrangements, land, building and equipment with a net book value of approximately $7,988 were sold for $9,420 and leased back under two operating lease agreements ranging from five to twelve years. The gain on these transactions of approximately $1,400 was deferred and is being amortized over the terms of the lease agreements.
 
Certain of the Company’s leases are with related parties at an annual rental expense of approximately $2,000. Transactions with related parties are in the ordinary course of business, are conducted on an arms length basis, and are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
NOTE M — Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
 
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  
 
NUMERATOR
                       
Net (loss) income
  $ (119,803 )   $ 21,197     $ 24,179  
                         
DENOMINATOR
                       
Denominator for basic earnings per share — weighted average shares
    11,008       11,106       10,997  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
Employee stock options
    -0-       545       464  
                         
Denominator for diluted earnings per share — weighted average shares and assumed conversions
    11,008       11,651       11,461  
Amounts per common share:
                       
Basic
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.91     $ 2.20  
                         
Diluted
  $ (10.88 )   $ 1.82     $ 2.11  
                         
 
Basic earnings per common share is computed as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average basic shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is computed as net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average diluted shares outstanding. Pursuant to FASB Statement No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” when a loss is reported the denominator of diluted earnings per share cannot be adjusted for the dilutive impact of stock options and awards because doing so will result in anti-dilution. Therefore, for the year ended December 31, 2008, basic weighted-average shares outstanding are used in calculating diluted earnings per share.
 
Outstanding stock options with exercise prices greater that the average price of the common shares are anti-dilutive and are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. Stock options for 32,000 and 104,000 shares of common stock were excluded in the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
NOTE N — Accumulated Comprehensive Loss
 
The components of accumulated comprehensive loss at December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
 
                 
    December 31,  
    2008     2007  
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
  $ 3,982     $ 12,712  
Unrealized net losses on marketable securities, net of tax
    (413 )     (323 )
Pension and postretirement benefit adjustments, net of tax
    (21,050 )     5,373  
                 
Total
  $ (17,481 )   $ 17,762  
                 
 
NOTE O — Restructuring and Unusual Charges
 
In 2006, the Company recorded restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with its planned closure of a manufacturing facility in the Supply Technologies segment. The charges (credits) were composed of $800 of inventory and tooling included in Cost of Products Sold, $297 of pension


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PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
curtailment and $(1,106) of postretirement benefit curtailment. In 2007, the Company recorded an additional $2,214 charge for inventory related restructuring charges which are included in Cost of Products Sold.
 
At December 31, 2007, the Company’s balance sheet reflected assets held for sale at their estimated current value of $3,330 for property, plant and equipment. These assets were sold in 2008.
 
In 2008, due to the recent volume declines and volatility in the automotive markets along with the general economic downturn, the Company evaluated its long-lived assets in accordance with FAS 144. The Company determined whether the carrying amount of its long-lived assets was recoverable by comparing the carrying amount to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the carrying value of the assets exceeded the expected cash flows, the Company estimated the fair value of these assets to determine whether an impairment existed. During 2008, based on the results of these tests, the Company recorded asset impairment charges. In addition, the Company made a decision to exit its relationship with its largest customer, Navistar, effective December 31, 2008 which along with the general economic downturn resulted in either the closure, downsizing or consolidation of eight facilities in its distribution network. The Company expects the restructuring activities to be completed in 2009. As a result, the Company recorded asset impairment charges of $30,875, which were composed of $5,544 of inventory impairment included in Cost of Products Sold, $1,758 for a loss on disposition of a foreign subsidiary, $564 of severance costs (80 employees) and $23,009 for impairment of property and equipment and other long-term assets. Below is a summary of these charges by segment.
 
                                         
                Loss on Disposal
             
    Asset
    Cost of
    of Foreign
    Severance
       
    Impairment     Products Sold     Subsidiary     Costs     Total  
 
Supply Technologies
  $ 6,143     $ 4,965     $ 1,758     $ 564     $ 13,430  
Aluminum Products
    12,575       579       -0-       -0-       13,154  
Manufactured Products
    4,291       -0-       -0-       -0-       4,291  
                                         
    $ 23,009     $ 5,544     $ 1,758     $ 564     $ 30,875  
                                         
 
The accrued liability for severance costs and related cash payments consisted of:
 
         
Balance at January 1, 2008
  $ -0-  
Severance costs recorded in 2008
    564  
Cash payments made in 2008
    (19 )
         
Balance at December 31, 2008
  $ 545  
         
 
NOTE P — Derivatives and Hedging
 
The Company recognizes all derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The Company has no derivative instruments that are classified as fair value hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are classified as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income until such time as the hedged items are recognized in net income.
 
During 2006, the Company entered into forward contracts for the purpose of hedging exposure to changes in the value of accounts receivable in euros against the U.S. dollar, for a notional amount of $1,000, of which $-0- was outstanding at December 31, 2006. The Company recognized $61 of foreign currency losses upon settlement of the forward contracts in 2006. The Company used no derivative instruments in 2008 or 2007, and there were no such currency hedge contracts outstanding at December 31, 2008 or December 31, 2007.


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Supplementary Financial Data
 
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
 
                                 
    Quarter Ended  
    March 31     June 30     Sept. 30     Dec. 31  
    (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)  
 
2008
                               
Net sales
  $ 267,090     $ 285,940     $ 266,148     $ 249,579  
Gross profit
    38,693       43,735       39,389       27,643  
Net income (loss)
  $ 3,482     $ 5,717     $ (9,068 )   $ (119,934 )
                                 
Amounts per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ .31     $ .52     $ (.82 )   $ (10.96 )
                                 
Diluted
  $ .30     $ .49     $ (.82 )   $ (10.96 )
                                 
2007
                               
Net sales
  $ 267,886     $ 286,636     $ 269,104     $ 247,815  
Gross profit
    38,609       42,380       42,224       35,891  
Net income
  $ 5,205     $ 5,849     $ 6,228     $ 3,916  
                                 
Amounts per common share:
                               
Basic
  $ .47     $ .53     $ .56     $ .35  
                                 
Diluted
  $ .45     $ .50     $ .53     $ .34  
                                 
 
Note 1 — At the end of fourth quarter 2007, the Company adjusted downward the amounts initially recorded for revenue, gross profit and net income by approximately $18,000, $4,000 and $2,600, respectively. These adjustments were made to exclude certain costs from suppliers and subcontractors from the percentage of completion calculation that is used to account for long-term industrial equipment contracts. We performed an evaluation to determine if these adjustments recorded in the fourth quarter of 2007 were material to any individual prior period, taking into account the requirements of SAB 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements” (SAB No. 108), which was adopted in 2006. Based on this analysis, we concluded the errors were not material to any individual prior periods and, therefore as provided by SAB No. 108, the correction of the error does not require previously filed reports to be amended.
 
Note 2 — In the third quarter of 2008, the Company recorded $18,059 of restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with the weakness and volatility in the automotive markets ($13,189 in the Aluminum Products segment and $4,291 in the Manufactured Products segment). Inventory impairment charges of $579 were included in Cost of Products Sold and $17,480 were included in Restructuring and impairment charges.
 
Note 3 — In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $95,763.
 
Note 4 — In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a gain of $6,232 on the purchase of $11,015 aggregate principal amount of 8.375% senior subordinated notes due 2014 issued by Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. The notes were not contributed to Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., but are held by Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
 
Note 5 — In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded $13,430 of restructuring and asset impairment charges associated with the decision to exit its relationship with its largest customer along with the general economic downturn resulting in either the closure, downsizing or consolidation of eight facilities in its distribution network. Impairment charges were offset by a gain of $614 recorded in the Aluminum Products segment relating to the sale of certain facilities that were previously written off.
 
Note 6 — In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $33,466 for its net deferred tax asset.


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Schedule II
 
PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP.
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
 
                                 
    Balance at
    Charged to
    Deductions
    Balance at
 
    Beginning of
    Costs and
    and
    End of
 
Description
  Period     Expenses     Other     Period  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Year Ended December 31, 2008:
                               
Allowances deducted from assets:
                               
Trade receivable allowances
  $ 3,724     $ 1,429     $ (2,109 )(A)   $ 3,044  
Inventory Obsolescence reserve
    20,432       5,385       (3,505 )(B)     22,312  
Tax valuation allowances
    2,217       33,625       (921 )     34,921  
Product warranty liability
    5,799       4,202       (4,599 )(C)     5,402  
                                 
Year Ended December 31, 2007:
                               
Allowances deducted from assets:
                               
Trade receivable allowances
  $ 4,305     $ 1,609     $ (2,190 )(A)   $ 3,724  
Inventory Obsolescence reserve
    22,978       4,383       (6,929 )(B)     20,432  
Tax valuation allowances
    316       1,901       0 (D)     2,217  
Product warranty liability
    3,557       4,526       (2,284 )(C)     5,799  
                                 
Year Ended December 31, 2006:
                               
Allowances deducted from assets:
                               
Trade receivable allowances
  $ 5,120     $ 2,330     $ (3,145 )(A)   $ 4,305  
Inventory Obsolescence reserve
    19,166       7,216       (3,404 )(B)     22,978  
Tax valuation allowances
    7,011       (4,806 )     (1,889 )     316  
Product warranty liability
    3,566       2,797       (2,806 )(C)     3,557  
                                 
 
Note (A)- Uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries.
 
Note (B)- Amounts written off or payments incurred, net of acquired reserves.
 
Note (C)- Loss and loss adjustment.
 
Note (D)- Excess tax benefit initially recorded in connection with the exercise of stock options.
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
There were no changes in or disagreements with the Company’s independent auditors on accounting and financial disclosure matters within the two-year period ended December 31, 2008.
 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures
 
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
 
As of December 31, 2008, management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. As defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as


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appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures include components of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of December 31, 2008.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, management carried out an evaluation, with participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled “Internal Control — Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO Report”). Based upon the evaluation described above under the framework contained in the COSO Report, the Company’s management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008.
 
Ernst & Young LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008 based on the framework contained in the COSO Report. This report is included at page 35 of this annual report on Form 10-K.
 
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
 
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Item 9B.  Other Information
 
None.


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Part III
 
Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 
The information concerning directors, the identification of the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert and the Company’s code of ethics required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Certain Matters Pertaining to the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance,” as applicable, in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the 2009 annual meeting of shareholders to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year (the “Proxy Statement”). The information concerning Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement. Information relating to executive officers is contained in Part I of this annual report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation
 
The information relating to executive officer and director compensation and the compensation committee report contained under the heading “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference. The information relating to compensation committee interlocks contained under the heading “Certain Matters Pertaining to the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference from the material contained under the caption “Principal Shareholders” in the Proxy Statement, except that information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K can be found below.
 
The following table provides information about the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the Company’s equity compensation plan as of December 31, 2008.
 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
                         
                Number of securities
 
    Number of securities
    Weighted-average
    remaining available for
 
    to be issued upon
    exercise price of
    future issuance under
 
    exercise price of
    outstanding
    equity compensation plans
 
    outstanding options
    options, warrants
    (excluding securities
 
Plan Category
  warrants and rights     and rights     reflected in column (a))  
    (a)     (b)     (c)  
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)
    901,050     $ 4.28       582,650  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
    -0-       -0-       -0-  
                         
Total
    901,050     $ 4.28       582,650  
 
 
(1) Includes the Company’s Amended and Restated 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan.


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Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the captions “Certain Matters Pertaining to the Board of Directors and Corporate Governance — Company Affiliations with the Board of Directors and Nominees” and “Transactions With Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement.
 
Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the material contained under the caption “Audit Committee — Independent Auditor Fee Information” in the Proxy Statement.


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Part IV
 
Item 15.  Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
(a)(1) The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K:
 
         
    Page
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    34  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    35  
Consolidated Balance Sheets — December 31, 2008 and 2007
    36  
Consolidated Statements of Operations — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    37  
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    38  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
    39  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    40  
Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) — Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
    62  
(2) Financial Statement Schedules
       
The following consolidated financial statement schedule of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. is included in Item 8:
       
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying accounts
    63  
 
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are not applicable and, therefore, have been omitted.
 
(3) Exhibits:
 
The exhibits filed as part of this annual report on Form 10-K are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits and are incorporated herein by reference.


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP. (Registrant)
 
  By: 
/s/  Jeffrey L. Rutherford
Jeffrey L. Rutherford, Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer
 
Date: March 16, 2009
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
             
*

Edward F. Crawford
  Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director   March 16, 2009
*

Jeffrey L. Rutherford
  Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)    
*

Matthew V. Crawford
  President, Chief Operating Officer and Director    
*

Patrick V. Auletta
  Director    
    

Kevin R. Greene
  Director    
*

A. Malachi Mixon, III
  Director    
*

Dan T. Moore
  Director    
*

Ronna Romney
  Director    
*

James W. Wert
  Director    
 
 
* The undersigned, pursuant to a Power of Attorney executed by each of the directors and officers identified above and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, by signing his name hereto, does hereby sign and execute this report on behalf of each of the persons noted above, in the capacities indicated.
 
March 16, 2009
  By: 
/s/  Robert D. Vilsack
Robert D. Vilsack, Attorney-in-Fact


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ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
PARK-OHIO HOLDINGS CORP.
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2008
 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
         
Exhibit
   
 
  3 .1   Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  3 .2   Code of Regulations of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  4 .1   Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated June 20, 2007, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the other loan parties thereto, the lenders thereto and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (successor by merger to Bank One, NA), as agent (filed as exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. on June 26, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof).
  4 .2   Indenture, dated as of November 30, 2004, among Park-Ohio Industries, Inc., the Guarantors (as defined therein) and Wells Fargo Bank, NA, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on December 6, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .1   Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and each of its directors and certain officers (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 1998, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .2*   Amended and Restated 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., filed on April 23, 2001, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .3*   Form of Restricted Share Agreement between the Company and each non-employee director (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. filed on January 25, 2005, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .4*   Form of Restricted Share Agreement for Employees (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended September 30, 2006, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .5*   Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .6*   Form of Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2004, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .7*   Summary of Annual Cash Bonus Plan for Chief Executive Officer (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q for Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended March 31, 2005, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .8*   Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for Edward F. Crawford, effective as of March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)
  10 .9*   Non-qualified Defined Contribution Retirement Benefit Letter Agreement for Edward F. Crawford, dated March 10, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to Form 10-K of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2007, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated by reference and made a part hereof)


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Exhibit
   
 
  10 .11   Agreement of Settlement and Release, dated July 1, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 10-Q of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. for the quarter ended September 30, 2008, SEC File No. 000-03134 and incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof)
  21 .1   List of Subsidiaries of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.
  23 .1   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
  24 .1   Power of Attorney
  31 .1   Principal Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  31 .2   Principal Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32 .1   Certification requirement under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
* Reflects management contract or other compensatory arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(c) of this Report.