PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 FORM 10‑K

 

| X | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017

OR

| _ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission file number 0-7642

PASSUR AEROSPACE, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
New York	11-2208938
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Landmark Square, Suite 1900, Stamford, Connecticut	06901
(Address of Principal Executive Office)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 203-622-4086

Securities registered pursuant toSection 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant toSection 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ]   No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.Yes [  ]  No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X]   No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X]   No [  ]

Indicate by checkmark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [  ]	Accelerated filer [  ]
Non-accelerated filer  [  ] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company [X]	Emerging growth company [  ]

If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [  ]   No [X]

The aggregate market value of the voting shares of the Registrant held by non-affiliates as of April 30, 2017, was $12,234,165.

The number of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of December 31, 2017, was 7,696,091.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of October 31, 2017, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

The consolidated financial information provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (including, without limitation, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", and "Liquidity and Capital Resources", below) contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding the Company's (defined below) future plans, objectives, and expected performance. The words "believe," "may," "will," "could," "should," "would," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "project," "intend," "objective," "seek," "strive," "might," "likely result," "build," "grow," "plan," "goal," "expand," "position," or similar words, or the negatives of these words, or similar terminology, identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable, but are subject to a wide range of risks and uncertainties, and a number of factors could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements referred to above. These factors include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed under "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," the uncertainties related to the ability of the Company to sell its existing product and professional service lines, as well as in new products and professional services (due to potential competitive pressure from other companies or other products), as well as the potential for terrorist attacks, changes in fuel costs, airline bankruptcies and consolidations, economic conditions, and other risks detailed in the Company's periodic report filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Other uncertainties which could impact the Company include, without limitation, uncertainties with respect to future changes in governmental regulation and the impact that such changes in regulation will have on the Company's business. Additional uncertainties include, without limitation, uncertainties relating to: (1) the Company's ability to find and maintain the personnel necessary to sell, manufacture, and service its products; (2) its ability to adequately protect its intellectual property; and (3) its ability to secure future financing. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made and which reflect management's analysis, judgments, belief, or expectation only as of such date. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. Readers are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Forms 10-Q and 8-K.

PART I

PASSUR® Aerospace, Inc. ("PASSUR" or the "Company"), a New York corporation founded in 1967, is a leading business intelligence company, providing predictive analytics and decision support technology for the aviation industry primarily to improve the operational performance and cash flow of airlines and the airports where they operate. The Company is recognized as a leader in airline and airport operational efficiency and business aviation marketing and operational solutions. PASSUR is a pioneer in the successful use of big data, with an aviation intelligence platform and suite of web-based solutions that address the aviation industry's most intractable and costly challenges, including, but not limited to, the underutilization of airspace and airport capacity, delays, cancellations, and diversions. Several independent studies have estimated the annual direct costs of such inefficiencies in the United States at over $8 billion annually, and worldwide direct costs at over $30 billion annually. The Company's technology platform is supported by its Aviation Intelligence Center of Excellence, a team of subject matter experts with extensive experience in airline, airport, and business aviation operations, finance, air traffic management, systems automation, and data visualization, with specific expertise in the operational and business needs, requirements, objectives, and constraints of the aviation industry.

PASSUR's mission is to improve global air traffic efficiencies by connecting the world's aviation professionals onto a single aviation intelligence platform, making air travel more predictable, gate-to-gate, by using predictive analytics generated from our own big data – to mitigate constraints for airlines and their customers. PASSUR's information solutions are used by the largest North American airlines, more than 60 airport customers, including at the top 30 North American airports, hundreds of corporate aviation customers, and the U.S. government.

Enhanced in 2017, and augmenting the PASSUR network, is an international operational platform PASSUR can now provide to global customers through agreements with global customers, data companies, flight information companies, and governments. The recent contract entered into with Air France is a demonstration of this new capability. Additionally, as a result of this data integration, PASSUR's products can be delivered internationally with greater speed than in the past.

PASSUR provides data aggregation and consolidation, information, decision support, predictive analytics, collaborative solutions, and professional services. To enable this unique offering, PASSUR owns and operates the largest commercial passive radar network in the world that updates flight tracks every 1 to 4.6 seconds, powering a proprietary database that is accessible in real-time and delivers timely, accurate information and solutions via PASSUR's industry-leading algorithms and business logic included in its products.

Solutions offered by PASSUR help to ensure flight completion, across the flight life cycle, from gate to gate, and result in reductions in overall costs and carbon emissions, while maximizing revenue opportunities, as well as improving operational efficiency and enhancing the passenger experience.

PASSUR's commercial solutions give aviation operators the ability to optimize performance in today's air traffic management system, while also helping to achieve Next Generation Air Transportation System ("NextGen") and Single European Sky ATM Research objectives.

PASSUR integrates data from multiple sources, including its independent network of over 180 surveillance sensors and the PASSUR surface surveillance network installed throughout North America creating coast to coast coverage, as well as locations in Europe and Asia; multiple airports; government data; customer data; and data from third party partners. PASSUR's sensors receive aircraft and drone signals in Mode A, C, S, and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ("ADS-B"), providing position, altitude, beacon code, and tail number, among other information. PASSUR receives signals from aircraft that, when combined with our historical database of aircraft and airport behavior, including information recorded by our network over the last 10 years, allows the Company to know more about what has happened historically, and what is happening in real-time. In addition, the historical database allows the Company to predict how aircraft, the airspace, and airports are going to perform, and more importantly, how the aircraft, the airspace, and airport should perform.

1.	Increase airline cash flow and operational performance while growing PASSUR's revenue in core commercial markets.
2.	Further build PASSUR's market share domestically, and grow PASSUR's presence in international markets.
3.	Organize the world's flight and operations information needed to continue to enhance the PASSUR operational platform. In 2017, significant new capabilities were added. Additional capabilities will be integrated into this database as more international customers join the PASSUR network.
4.	Introduce to government markets, products and solutions initially developed for commercial markets, creating a standard platform between commercial and government customers, thereby providing immediate returns from the core commercial market while facilitating larger government programs and contracts.
5.	Develop strategic relationships with major companies to broaden the reach of PASSUR products in the worldwide commercial and government marketplace.
6.	Further expand the reach of PASSUR's innovative collaborative information sharing platform, which brings together local, regional, national, and international aviation stakeholders in real time to manage complex, expensive, and disruptive events.
7.	Provide more complete solutions that address increasingly larger aviation challenges.

The Company operates what it believes to be the largest and most extensive private commercial aircraft, airport, and airspace passive surveillance networks in the world. The PASSUR Network integrates additional key surveillance sources, to include ADS-B, ASDE-X, Mode S, En Route Radar, Airline OOOI data, ACARS, fleet databases, as well as other sources. PASSUR also integrates extensive amounts of data from its customer's systems, such as airline internal flight operations data, and Airport Operational Databases.

The PASSUR Network and database creates a direct data feed of critical flight and airspace behavior and conditions, an essential precursor resource for predictive analytics, real-time decision support, and performance analysis tools.

All the surveillance data acquired by the PASSUR Network is integrated and correlated into specialized databases to support predictive, real-time, and post operational requirements. PASSUR databases consolidate multiple overlapping data sets to ensure completeness, accuracy, fulfillment of specific operational requirements, and the normalization of data for a single-source authoritative record of operational performance. The data processed in these master data repositories supports the key capabilities and attributes of the PASSUR software.

PASSUR decision support solutions are supported by predictive analytics algorithms, which use extensive historical data mining and pattern recognition, along with real-time surveillance data, to predict specific and detailed operating conditions. PASSUR predictive analytics are built on several core capabilities:

•	Real-time surveillance from the PASSUR Network gives the necessary breadth and granularity of data to support detailed scenario building and pattern recognition. This includes "fast-time simulation" of the airport surface and terminal area operation, applying the necessary decisions and constraints that controllers will have to apply in managing the traffic, as well as addressing the highly nonlinear and non-stationary nature of the airport operating environment.
•	Detailed, granular data acquired by the PASSUR Network, supplemented by many other data sources collected within the integrated aviation database, is stored and correlated, providing the large sample sizes required to accurately model future performance based on past performance under similar or identical conditions.
•	PASSUR is recognized by airlines as having the best flight predicted arrival time Estimated Time of Arrival ("ETA") in the industry. More than ten independent airline studies have demonstrated the PASSUR predicted arrival time to be more accurate than any other source, including the airlines' own internally-generated ETAs. The Company believes that this greater accuracy translates directly into significant operational and financial benefits in areas such as completing connections (passengers and bags), reduced fuel consumption, more efficient staffing plans, and greater on-time schedule completion.

PASSUR Integrated Traffic Management ("PITM") is, in the Company's opinion, the industry's first fully integrated air traffic optimization suite. PITM is a metrics-focused, Key Performance Indicator driven solution platform allowing the customer to first view the most critical information for its operation, and then, as necessary, enabling the user to drill down for better visualization and analysis.

PITM helps airlines complete their mission, on time, by focusing on the major operational constraints such as diversions, arrival and departure flow congestion, and airport surface congestion – as well as major irregular operations like disruptive weather, construction closures, large public events, and emergency incidents. The platform connects multiple aviation stakeholders and missions onto one platform, providing a collaborative environment within and between organizations, to address decisions that can only be solved through the real-time exchange of information on a common operating platform. PITM is also a platform enabling PASSUR's partner companies to provide solutions which augment PASSUR capabilities to PASSUR's customers. PITM is fully web-delivered, allowing easy access from any web-enabled device.

Many PASSUR solutions are delivered in metrics-driven, dashboard format, simplifying and condensing extensive amounts of information into the most relevant operational and business metrics, thereby presenting those metrics in a manner that supports immediate performance assessment and actionable decisions. PASSUR solutions are designed so that users are alerted in real-time to specific conditions and recommended actions, especially during irregular operations, only when operations reach certain user-defined thresholds, thereby preventing information overload.

Many PASSUR solutions include a collaborative layer which allows for instant information sharing and coordination of effort to a wide range of users in the aviation community. These include industrial networking capabilities, which leverage new technologies for business uses in the aviation sector, such as PASSUR's Airport Information Network, a single North American-wide site for real time airport conditions, diversion management, and delay mitigation used by hundreds of aviation professionals. Other PASSUR collaborative capabilities include pre-departure sequencing and/or metering, arrival sequencing, and tarmac delay management.

The Company's Aviation Intelligence Center of Excellence ("CoE") is a team of subject matter experts with extensive experience in airline, airport and business aviation operations, finance, air traffic management, systems automation, and data visualization, with specific expertise in the operational and business needs, requirements, objectives, and constraints of the aviation industry.

These subject matter experts from the CoE understand the National Airspace System ("NAS") and are able to translate these internal requirements and external conditions into information solutions that target specific, measurable problems with defined operational and financial performance metrics. These experts are complemented by a technical team of software engineers, human-computer interface designers, data scientists, radar engineers, database architects, physicists, and statisticians who have years of expertise in managing complex surveillance networks (hardware and software), as well as interpreting and converting complex, live aviation data feeds into robust decision support software solutions.

PASSUR continues to invest in the data aggregation, mining, and visualization tools to support the industry's growing need for data-driven performance measurement and efficiency gains. PASSUR's BI platform, supported by our Center of Excellence subject matter experts, helps aviation organizations and professionals identify the most important problems to target, where to invest resources for the greatest gains, and create "before" and "after" profiles to measure their return on investment.

Products and Services

The Company offers targeted solutions to help airlines complete missions on time:

Category		PASSUR solutions description			Key growth drivers
Traffic Flow Management			n Web dashboard that gives airlines, airports, and aviation, navigation and satellite programs ("ANSPs") the ability to analyze and act on airspace conditions predictively and in real-time. Helps to ensure the optimal flow of traffic in/out of airports in order to preserve schedule completion and reduce costs. n Provides predictive analytics, alerts, and instant analysis and performance summaries to balance demand and capacity. n Drone Air Traffic Integration is a service designed to help commercial drone operators become more informed, effective, and collaborative members of the NAS by integrating them into PASSUR's aviation intelligence platform, currently used by the main NAS stakeholders (airlines, airports, business aviation, and the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA"). n Primary customers: airlines, airports, government, and potentially large drone operators.			n Enhances airspace throughput and capacity. n Reduces impact of Traffic Management Initiatives ("TMI"), such as eliminating the need for ground delays or ground stops. n TMI costs can exceed $160 million annually for just one airline at larger airports. n Assist drone operators seamlessly integrate into the NAS.
Diversion Management			n Predictive analytics algorithms leverage extensive historical data mining and pattern recognition, and live dynamic conditions to predict a range of operating conditions in advance, allowing airlines to choose the least costly plane to divert, cancel/consolidate flights, predict accurate hold times, or divert preemptively. n Allows airlines to decrease the number of diversions they experience and optimize ones that are unavoidable, improving their profitability, passenger scores, and environmental footprint. Allows airports to be prepared for diversions, delays, and cancellations. n Primary customers: airlines, airports, and government.			n Reduces the number and cost of unnecessary diversions. n Ensures aircraft divert to airports that can enable a faster return to original destination airport. n Diversions cost U.S. domestic airlines more than $400 million annually in direct costs, disrupting more than 1.6 million passengers.
Flight Predictability (ETAs and ETDs)			n An accurate ETA data feed optimizes all existing airline and airport processes and systems that depend on knowing when an airplane is going to arrive, without requiring expensive or disruptive internal changes. Predictive flight arrival and departure times built on multiple sources, including PASSUR's live and historical surveillance of the airspace. n Provides accurate gate-to-gate ETA and Estimated Time of Departure ("ETD"). n Primary customers: airlines and airports.			n Benefits include completing connections (passengers, bags, and crew), reduced fuel consumption, more efficient staffing plans, greater on-time schedule completion, reduced gate holds, and helping airlines meet stricter "crew rest" regulations. n Enables better overall planning and scheduling to maximize revenue opportunities. n Missed connections alone at one airport can cost an airline in excess of $3 million per year.n
Surface Management			n PASSUR Surface Management helps to reduce extended tarmac delays and taxi-in/taxi-out times, prioritize high-value flights, and facilitate an efficient turn management process (transition of an aircraft from arrival to departure). n A suite of capabilities that combine air and ground surveillance data, visual tracking of aircraft in the airspace and on the airport surface, decision-support software, and key performance indicator dashboards. n PASSUR's surface surveillance sensors allow airlines and airports to visualize parts of the airport otherwise not tracked and monitored. n Primary customers: airlines, airports, and government.			n Improves the efficiency of arrivals and departures, preserves schedule integrity, prioritizes high value flights, and reduces surface delays and fuel burn. n Reduces the possibility of tarmac delay fines, which can exceed $3 million per event.
Turn Time Management			n Optimizes the transition of an aircraft from arrival to departure to ensure an on-time departure, schedule completion, and maximum asset utilization. n Minimizes the time required for a plane to unload from one flight and reload for the next flight by monitoring and proactively alerting to bottlenecks at each phase of the aircraft's cycle through arrival to departure, allowing flight and passenger handling resources to be adjusted to ensure an on-time process. n Primary customers: airlines and airports			n Minimizes the frequency, duration, and downstream effects of delays. n Ensures on-time schedule completion.

Connectivity and Collaboration	n Allows airports to communicate and coordinate with airlines and other key stakeholders to ensure that operations are optimized with airport-critical information that is otherwise unavailable. n Addresses one of the key missing pieces in connectivity and collaboration: the two-way flow of accurate, timely, and complete information between airport operators, airlines, and other key stakeholders. n Primary customer: airports (with airlines as key influencer).	n Reduced tarmac delay fines and incidents. n Operational metrics directly affected by the lack of timely updates, including secondary/repeat deicing, delays, cancellations, and diversions. n Large-scale regional disruptions, which are increasingly costly financially and reputationally to both airlines and airports.
Aviation Fees and Charges	n Reduces airlines' operating costs at the airport, and ensures all airlines pay the correct amount. n Provides unique data independence, accuracy, and reliability – combined with proven reporting, audit, and billing services – to give airports and airlines the assurance that all billable weight is being captured, that the cost of the airfield is being distributed fairly and equitably, and that the process is transparent, automated, and standardized. n Primary customer: airports (with airlines as key influencer).	n For airports, the program provides faster revenue capture, fiduciary accountability, revenue predictability, and more efficient and fair service to airline stakeholders. n For airlines, the program ensures that they pay only their fair share. In addition, their fees could go down after the airport begins collecting all fees owed, and the time and effort required to manage their fees is reduced. n PASSUR Landing Fee Management solution manages over $1billion in aviation fees annually.

The Company believes its products, solutions, and services help its aviation customers generate significant returns by:

(1)	improving financial performance and cutting costs;
(2)	improving operational efficiency and effectiveness;
(3)	increasing safety and security; and
(4)	improving the passenger experience.

The Company currently owns 24 issued patents and has an additional 18 patent applications pending with the United States Patent Office. The issued patents expire in various years through 2033.

The Company also owns a federal registered trademark in the mark PASSUR for use with both the PASSUR hardware system installation, and the software products which use the data derived from the PASSUR Network and other sources; and allowed federal trademark or the marks Airwayz, NextGen² and NextGen³, for use with PASSUR Integrated Traffic Management modules and capabilities.

 

The Company believes its business opportunities come from the following industry conditions and demand drivers:

·	Increasing airline profitability, driving investment in technology. We expect airlines will take advantage of their increased profitability to invest in technology that can lower costs, increase revenue, and improve customer satisfaction.
·	Consolidation in the airline industry creating demand for a common operating system. Airlines are consolidating into much larger networks of greater complexity. There is increasing demand for a common operating platform that can service their entire system. This demand is growing worldwide, not just in the US.
·	Current rate of projected traffic growth outpacing aviation infrastructure capacity. There is a dynamic and fast-growing market environment where the projected increase in airline flights over the next 10 years is expected to outpace the current infrastructure's ability to meet the needs of the airline operators. Over time, airlines cannot rely on low-priced fuel and ancillary fees to grow their top line – they will need growth in capacity of the NAS to accommodate the expected growth in demand for air travel. PASSUR's solutions help the aviation industry maximize the capacity of the existing infrastructure. PASSUR has a business model and platform that can be easily scaled to handle new opportunities and is continually identifying new ways to capitalize on and scale these existing capabilities.
·	Increased susceptibility to systemic disruption. The NAS has become much more sensitive to disruptions, and less capable of quickly rebounding, because of tightly-packed airline schedules, growth in passenger volumes, reduction in fleet sizes, and congestion at several key airport metroplexes. The NAS is highly susceptible to disruptions at several key airport metroplexes, which have a chronic and disproportionate delay impact that ripples across the system.
·	Growth in International Hub "MegaAirports." A number of airports worldwide are positioning themselves to become global transfer hubs (examples include Toronto, Dubai, Istanbul, Mexico City, Panama, Bogota, Amsterdam Schiphol, and Frankfurt), and as a result are much more sensitive to traffic management constraints and disruptions and in search of solutions. This adds a new level of demand for PASSUR's traffic management solutions, including our newest regional disruption management tools.

·	Emphasis on infrastructure spending. The most recent U.S. election has resulted in an administration committed to large-scale infrastructure projects, which could include technologies, like PASSUR's, designed to increase efficiencies to ensure that public investments in existing and new infrastructure are efficient and cost-effective.
·	Large government contracts combining both safety and efficiency capabilities. Today, there is a demand for a combination of safety-based Air Traffic Management ("ATM") and efficiency-based ATM. Many of the requested efficiency capabilities are derived from airline and airport customers' needs.
·	Government contracts require proven commercial viability for public programs. Increasingly, government request for proposals for large-scale aviation systems and technologies require a proven track record of precursor models from the commercial sector, in order to shorten development time and ensure the broadest level of adoption by all stakeholders. Many companies regard PASSUR's substantial commercial market share as a means to increase the probability of winning NextGen and government contracts through the combination of PASSUR's commercial ATM (efficiency) with a partner's government ATM (safety) capabilities. PASSUR has been recognized as the commercial leader in aviation efficiency solutions.
·	Lower tolerance for severe disruptions. Public policy in the form of expensive fines levied on airlines reflects this change of attitude. Consumers want better information relating to aviation, and fewer delays.
·	Limiting carbon emissions becoming a greater focus. Airlines are increasingly sensitive to the industry's carbon footprint. Several of the PASSUR solutions impact both fuel savings as well as reductions in carbon emissions.

·

The Connected Airplane and the IoT are expected to grow in the coming years. PASSUR's existing aviation intelligence platform and solutions can integrate the vast array of data being generated from satellites, and sensors on airplanes. This platform can extract the most important data and integrate that data into a user-friendly solutions package for the user's critical real-time decisions.

·

Airlines, airports, government, and other aviation stakeholders are requesting a collaborative decision-making platform. Large airlines need collaborative decision tools including common operating platforms, enabling instant coordination between system operations departments, hubs, and regional operators, and between airlines, airports, and ANSPs to solve complex operational procedures. Common use systems will incorporate airport-centric as well as airline-centric solutions. Airports are increasingly being tasked with providing more multi-airline operational services, previously provided by each airline. When airports provide collective services, redundancy and costs can be reduced. PASSUR has been asked by airlines and airports to help fulfill this need.

·	Shift from manual processes to automation creating large opportunities for cost savings and efficiencies. Many complex and expensive operational processes at airlines and airports are still manual, opening a large opportunity for automation enabling the realization of cost savings and efficiencies. These opportunities are especially prevalent in the areas of irregular operations, airspace and surface management, and operations where there is a heavy requirement for collaboration among airlines and airports.
·	PASSUR's entire network has been ADS-B ready for some time and PASSUR is looking forward to capitalizing on the increasing availability of ADS-B data. ADS-B will eventually become a ubiquitous form of aircraft surveillance.

The Company's revenues are generated by selling: (1) subscription-based, real-time decision and solution information and (2) professional services. Under the subscription model, the customer typically signs a contract for access to the information services ranging from one year to five years. The agreement also provides that the information from the PASSUR Network cannot be resold, used by others, or used for unauthorized purposes.

The Company's direct sales force sells its products, as do authorized distributors or integrators who sell PASSUR's products as part of their total solution, e.g. for live flight status updates or fee collection.

PASSUR has developed a full suite of capabilities to reduce inefficiencies and improve performance across the markets it serves. There is no other company, to PASSUR's knowledge, which offers these capabilities. There are, however, other forms of flight tracking, surveillance, and aviation business intelligence products. Depending on the end use of the Company's products, primary competitors include Sabre, Saab, The Weather Company/IBM, and Harris Corporation. Most of these companies have larger sales forces and greater financial resources than the Company.

The Company obtains its components from distributors and manufacturers throughout the United States. The Company has multiple sources from which to obtain a majority of its components.

Three customers accounted for 52%, or $7,165,000, of total revenues in fiscal year 2017. One customer accounted for 22%, or $2,988,000, a second customer accounted for 19%, or $2,637,000, and a third customer accounted for 11%, or $1,540,000 of total revenues in fiscal year 2017. Three customers accounted for 45%, or $6,698,000, of total revenues in fiscal year 2016. One customer accounted for 17%, or $2,555,000, a second customer accounted for 17%, or $2,460,000, and a third customer accounted for 11%, or $1,683,000 of total revenues in fiscal year 2016. As of October 31, 2017, the Company had three customers each of which accounted for 10% or more of the accounts receivable balance. One customer accounted for 21%, or $309,000, a second customer accounted for 16%, or $242,000, and a third customer accounted for 15%, or $218,000. As of October 31, 2016, the Company had three customers each of which accounted for 10% or more of the accounts receivable balance. One customer accounted for 30%, or $330,000, and a second customer accounted for 21%, or $226,000 and a third customer accounted for 14%, or $157,000. There is one customer with a significant past due accounts receivable balance, which is not one of the major customers described above, which the Company has fully reserved as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017.

The Company's research and development efforts include activities associated with the enhancement, maintenance, and improvement of the Company's existing hardware, software, and information products. These expenses amounted to $783,000 and $826,000 in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Company is not aware of any environmental issues that would have a material adverse effect on future capital expenditures or current and future business operations.

The Company employed 62 employees, of which 56 were full-time, including four officers, as of October 31, 2017. None of its employees is subject to any collective bargaining agreements.

Stockholders may obtain copies of our filings with the SEC, free of charge from the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov or from our website at www.passur.com. Further, a copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is located at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our filings will be available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with the SEC. However, the information from our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

 

The Company's success is dependent on the aviation industry. If the Company does not execute its business plan, or if the market for its services fails to develop due to economic or other factors affecting the aviation industry, the Company's results of operations and financial results could be adversely affected.

The Company's revenues are solely derived from the aviation industry. The Company's future revenues and results of operations are dependent on its continued execution of its subscription-based revenue strategy and development of new software solutions and applications for the aviation industry. Due to economic and other factors affecting the aviation industry, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to report growth in its subscription-based business or sustain its current subscription business. If the Company is unable to sustain and/or increase its levels of revenues, and if it is not successful in reducing costs, its cash requirements may increase and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Additionally, the aviation industry has been impacted by budgetary constraints, as well as airline bankruptcies and consolidations, changes in fuel costs, and the continued war on terrorism. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, caused fundamental and permanent changes in the airline industry, including substantial revenue declines and cost increases, which resulted in industry-wide liquidity issues. Additional terrorist attacks, or fear of such attacks, even if not made directly, would negatively affect the airline industry (through, for example, increased security, insurance, and other costs, and lost revenue due to increased ticket refunds and decreased ticket sales), which would, in turn, negatively affect the Company.

The aviation industry is extensively regulated by government agencies, particularly the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board. New air travel regulations have been, and management anticipates will continue to be, implemented that could have a negative impact on airline and airport revenues. Since substantially all of the Company's current revenues are derived from airports, airlines, or related businesses, continued increased regulations of the aviation industry, or a continued downturn in the aviation industry's economic situation, could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The software business for the aviation industry is highly competitive, and failure to adapt to the changing industry needs could adversely affect our results of operations, business, and financial condition.

The industry in which we compete is marked by rapid and substantial technology change, the steady emergence of new companies and products, as well as evolving industry standards and changing customer needs. We compete with many established companies in the industry we serve, and some of these companies may have substantially greater financial, marketing, and technology resources, larger distribution capabilities, earlier access to potential customers, and greater opportunities to address customers' various information technology requirements. As the aviation industry seeks to be more cost effective, product pricing becomes increasingly important for our customers. As a result, we may experience increased competition from certain low-priced competitors. We continue to develop new products, professional services, and existing product enhancements, but may still be unsuccessful in meeting the needs of our industry in light of other alternatives available in the market. In addition, the pricing of new products, professional services, and existing product enhancements may be above what is required by the marketplace. Our inability to bring new products, professional services, and existing product enhancements to the market in a timely manner, or the failure to achieve industry acceptance, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.

Reliance on the Company's quarterly operating results as an indication of future results is inappropriate due to potentially significant fluctuations.

The Company's future revenues and results of operations may fluctuate significantly due to a combination of factors, including:

·	delays and/or decreases in the signing and invoicing of new contracts;
·	the length of time needed to initiate and complete customer contracts;
·	the introduction and market acceptance of new and enhanced products and services;
·	the costs associated with providing existing and new products and services;
·	economic conditions and the impact on the aviation industry of acts of terrorism; and
·	the potential of future terrorist acts against the aviation industry and the adverse effects of any further terrorist attacks or other international hostilities.

Accordingly, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of the Company's results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of performance.

The Company may be unable to raise additional funds to meet operating capital requirements in the future.

Fiscal year 2017 was the first year since fiscal year 2005 in which the Company did not generate positive income from operations. While the Company fully anticipates returning to positive income from operations in fiscal year 2018, future liquidity and capital requirements are difficult to predict, as they depend on numerous factors, including the maintenance and growth of existing product lines and service offerings, as well as the ability to develop, provide, and sell new products and services in an industry for which liquidity and resources are already adversely affected.  The Company has obtained a commitment from its significant shareholder and Chairman to provide the resources necessary to meet working capital and liquidity requirements through February 12, 2019.

 

In recent years, the Company has generated sufficient cash to meet its capital requirements. However, in fiscal year 2017 the Company borrowed $1,100,000 and in future years, the Company may need to raise additional funds in order to support discretionary expenditures and execute its business plan. These funds, in some cases, may be beyond its scope and normal operating requirements. In such case, the Company may be required to seek alternate sources of financing (which may not be available on favorable terms or at all) or abandon such activities by: (1) terminating or eliminating certain operating activities; (2) terminating personnel; (3) eliminating marketing activities; and/or (4) eliminating research and development programs. If any of the aforementioned occurs, the Company's ability to expand could become adversely affected.

The Company incurred losses for the first time in the previous twelve fiscal years.

The Company has been profitable for the past eleven years. However, for fiscal year ended October 31, 2017, the Company had a loss before taxes of $1,559,000. The Company's ability to return to profitability will depend upon its ability to generate significant increased revenues through new and existing customer agreements, additional services, and/or products offered to existing and new customers, as well as to deploy PASSUR Systems and SMLATs (as defined below) currently in inventory and control costs associated with business operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to execute on these requirements. The Company has obtained a commitment from its significant shareholder and Chairman to provide the resources necessary to meet working capital and liquidity requirements through February 12, 2019.

 

The Company may not be able to sustain or increase its profits on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Also, should the Company's investment in capitalized software development costs become impaired, there would be a negative impact on the Company's profitability.

A limited number of customer contracts accounts for a high percentage of the Company's revenues, and the inability to replace a key customer contract could adversely affect its results of operations, business, and financial condition.

The Company relies on a small number of customer contracts for a large percentage of its revenues and expects that a significant percentage of its revenues will continue to be derived from a limited number of customer contracts. The Company's top five customers accounted for 58% of its revenue in fiscal year 2017. The Company's business plan is to obtain additional customers, but the Company anticipates that near-term revenues and operating results will continue to depend on large contracts from a small number of customers. One of the Company's customers, who accounted for 11% of total revenues during fiscal year 2016, did not renew a contract that expired on December 31, 2016.  However, notwithstanding the $1,400,000 loss resulting from the non-renewal of this contract in fiscal year 2017, the decline in subscription revenue in fiscal year 2017 totaled $538,000. The Company anticipates that the $538,000 decline in subscription revenue will be more than offset in fiscal year 2018.

Additionally, the aviation industry, particularly the airline sector, has experienced bankruptcies and consolidations recently. Bankruptcy filings or consolidations by our existing customers may adversely affect our ability to continue such services and collect payments due to the Company by such customers. As a result of this concentration of our customer base, an inability to replace one or more of these large customer contracts could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Act"), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017, makes significant changes to the taxation of U.S. business entities. The Act includes a number of provisions, including the lowering of the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018.   The Company is in the process of quantifying the impact of the Act and will record any adjustments in accordance with the guidance provided in SAB118 and all outcomes cannot be predicted at this time and no assurances in that regard are made by the Company.

 

The Company has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting related to, among other things, the restatement of our previously issued financial statements. If the Company is unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if the Company experiences additional material weaknesses or deficiencies in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, the Company may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results.

The Company depends upon certain key personnel and may not be able to retain these employees.

The Company's future performance depends on the continued services of its key sales, technical, and engineering personnel. The Company continues to depend on the efforts of a limited number of key personnel. The employment of any of the Company's key personnel could cease at any time, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

The PASSUR Network could experience disruptions, which could affect the delivery of data.

AT&T hosts and maintains the Company's network infrastructure through an existing frame-relay and Multiprotocol Label Switching ("MPLS") network and the Company's wireless network is hosted and maintained by Sprint. If AT&T or Sprint experiences system failures, or fails to adequately maintain the frame-relay, MPLS, and wireless networks, the Company may experience interruption of delivery of data/software services and customers may terminate or elect not to continue to subscribe to these services in the future. The Company's network infrastructure may be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, denial of service attacks, and similar disruptive problems. Computer viruses, break-ins, denial of service attacks, or other problems caused by third parties, could lead to interruptions, delays, or cessation in service to customers. There is currently no existing technology that provides absolute security. Such incidents could deter potential customers and adversely affect existing customer relationships.

Security breaches could expose the Company to liability and damage its reputation and business.

The Company processes, stores, and transmits large amounts of data and it is critical to its business strategy that its facilities and infrastructure, including those provided by customers and vendors, remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. The Company's infrastructure may be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or nefarious actors or similar disruptive problems. Any physical or electronic break-in or other security breach or compromise of the information handled by the Company or its service providers may jeopardize the security or integrity of information in the Company's computer systems and networks or those of its customers and cause significant interruptions and/or errors in the Company's products and solutions.

 

Any systems and processes that the Company has developed that are designed to protect customer information and prevent data loss and other security breaches cannot provide absolute security. In addition, the Company may not successfully implement remediation plans to address all potential exposures. It is possible that the Company may have to expend additional financial and other resources to address such problems. Failure to prevent or mitigate data loss or other security breaches could expose the Company or its customers to a risk of loss or misuse of such information, cause customers to lose confidence in the Company's data protection measures, damage the Company's reputation, adversely affect the Company's operating results or result in litigation or potential liability for the Company. While the Company maintains insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions, cover certain aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all of its losses.

The Company may be subject to new government regulations relating to the distribution of flight-tracking data.

The Company currently maintains strict security regulations for its data in order to comply with current government regulations. Due to the continued growing safety needs and concerns of the aviation industry, new government regulations may be implemented. Such new regulations may, in some cases, hinder the Company's ability to provide current and/or additional services.

Unauthorized use of the Company's intellectual properties by third parties may damage and/or adversely affect its business.

The Company regards its trademarks, trade secrets, and all other intellectual property as critical to its future success. Unauthorized use of its intellectual property by third parties may damage and/or impair its business. The Company relies on trademarks, trade secrets, patent protection, and contracts, including confidentiality and non-exclusive license agreements with its customers, employees, consultants, strategic partners, and others to protect its intellectual property rights. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use the Company's intellectual property without its prior knowledge and/or authorization. Prosecuting infringers could be time consuming and costly, and, irrespective of whether or not the Company is successful, could disrupt its business.

The Company currently owns twenty-four issued patents and has an additional eighteen patent applications which are pending with the United States Patent Office, some of which relate to newly developed internet-based software applications. The issued patents expire in various years through 2033. The Company intends to seek additional patents on its products, technological advances, and/or software applications, when appropriate. There can be no assurance that patents will be issued for any of its pending or future patent applications, or that any claims allowed from such applications will be of sufficient scope, or provide adequate protection or any commercial advantage to the Company. Additionally, competitors may be able to design around patents and possibly affect commercial interests.

The Company also owns a federal registered trademark in the mark PASSUR for use with both the PASSUR hardware system installation, and the software products which use the data derived from the PASSUR Network and other sources; and allowed federal trademark for the marks Airwayz, NextGen² and NextGen³, for use with PASSUR Integrated Traffic Management modules and capabilities. The Company believes that the PASSUR, Airwayz, NextGen² and NextGen³ federal registrations will allow the Company to enforce its rights in the marks in the federal court system. The registrations do not assure that others will be prevented from using similar trademarks in connection with related products and/or services.

Defending against intellectual property claims could pose significant legal and professional costs, and if unsuccessful, could adversely affect the Company.

The Company cannot guarantee that its future products, technologies, and software applications will not inadvertently infringe valid patents or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. The Company may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others. Investigation of any such claims from third parties, alleging infringement of their intellectual property, with or without merit, can be expensive and could affect development, marketing, selling, or delivery of its products. Defending against intellectual property infringement claims could be time consuming and costly, and, irrespective of whether or not the Company is successful, could disrupt its business. The Company may incur substantial expenses in defending against these third-party claims, regardless of their merit. Successful infringement claims against the Company may result in significant monetary liability and could adversely affect its business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flow.

Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require substantial financial and management resources.

 

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that the Company evaluate and report on its system of internal controls and, if and when the Company is no longer a "smaller reporting company," will require that the Company have such system of internal controls audited. If the Company fails to maintain the adequacy of its internal controls, the Company could be subject to regulatory scrutiny, civil or criminal penalties and/or stockholder litigation. Any inability to provide reliable financial reports could harm the Company's business. Furthermore, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation of adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future, could harm the Company's operating results or cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of the Company's securities.

None.

The Company's headquarters are located at One Landmark Square, Suite 1900, Stamford, Connecticut. Effective June 26, 2009, the Company entered into a five-year lease for 4,000 square feet of office space. This lease was modified during fiscal year 2010, extending the term of the original lease through January 31, 2018, and adding 1,300 square feet of office space, resulting in a total average annual rental rate of $235,000 and a total of 5,300 square feet. On November 20, 2017, the Company modified this lease agreement, extending the term to June 30, 2023, at an average annual rental rate of $220,000.

The Company's hardware and software development and manufacturing facility is located in a one-story, 36,000 square foot building at 35 Orville Drive, Bohemia, New York. The Company, which renewed the lease through October 31, 2018, leases 12,000 square feet at an average annual rental rate of $139,000.

The Company's primary software development facility is located at 5750 Major Blvd, Suite 530, Orlando, Florida. Effective May 1, 2016, the Company expanded its offices and entered into a five-year lease for 3,445 square feet of office space at an average annual rental rate of $67,000.

The Company has a sales office in Bloomington, Minnesota and McLean, Virginia.  The Company entered into a new five-year lease in December 2017 for a regional office in Irving, Texas, at an average annual rental rate of $60,000.

The Company believes these rates are competitive and are at or below market rates. The Company's headquarters and software development and manufacturing facilities are suitable for its requirements.

The Company is not aware of any material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or its Subsidiary is a party or to which any of its properties are subject.

 

Not applicable.

PART II

The Company's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), is traded on the over-the-counter bulletin board.

The following table sets forth the reported high and low sales prices for the Company's common stock for each quarterly period during the Company's last two fiscal years, as reported by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.:

Period		Prices*
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2017		High				Low
First quarter		$	4.00			$	2.75
Second quarter		$	5.50			$	3.75
Third quarter		$	4.41			$	2.90
Fourth quarter		$	3.05			$	2.40
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2016
First quarter		$	3.45			$	2.25
Second quarter		$	2.95			$	2.17
Third quarter		$	3.92			$	2.33
Fourth quarter		$	4.00			$	2.75

* The quotations represent prices on the over-the-counter bulletin board between dealers in securities and do not include retail markup, markdown, or commission. Further, the quotations do not necessarily represent actual transactions.

The number of registered equity security holders of record as of December 31, 2017 was 172, as shown in the records of the Company's transfer agent.

The Company has never paid cash dividends on its shares. The Company does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans as of October 31, 2017, is as follows:

Plan category		Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options, warrants, and rights (a)				Weighted average exercise price of outstanding stock options, warrants, and rights				Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders			1,594,000			$	3.52				1,448,000
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders			-				-				-
Total			1,594,000			$	3.52				1,448,000

Not Required.

The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities based upon accounting policies management has implemented. The Company has identified the policies and estimates below as critical to its business operations and the understanding of its results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on the Company's business operations are discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, where such policies affect its reported financial results. The actual impact of these factors may differ under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company provides data aggregation and consolidation, information, decision support, predictive analytics, collaborative solutions, and professional services. To enable this unique offering, PASSUR® owns and operates the largest commercial passive radar network in the world that updates flight tracks every 1 to 4.6 seconds, powering a proprietary database that is accessible in real-time and delivers timely, accurate information and solutions via PASSUR's industry-leading algorithms and business logic included in its products.

PASSUR's information solutions are used by the largest North American airlines, more than 60 airport customers, including at the top 30 North American airports, hundreds of business aviation customers, as well as the U.S. government.

Our core business addresses some of aviation industry's most intractable and challenges, including underutilization of airspace and airport capacity, delays, cancellations, and diversions, among others. Several independent studies have estimated the annual direct costs of such inefficiencies to airlines in the United States at over $8 billion annually, and worldwide direct cost at over $30 billion annually.

Solutions offered by PASSUR help to ensure flight completion. They cover the entire flight life cycle, from gate to gate, and result in reductions in overall costs and emissions, while maximizing revenue opportunities, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing the passenger experience.

The Company's revenues are generated by selling: (1) subscription-based real-time decision and solutions information and (2) professional services.

The Company's major achievements during fiscal year 2017 in several major product and market areas are shown below.

1)	Debottlenecked and increased capacity of Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport by launching the latest version of PASSUR Surface Management solutions at Fort Lauderdale International Airport, to increase traffic flows and capacity, and reduce delays and congestion. This integrated solution represents an important step toward Airport Collaborative Decision Making in North America, enabling all key stakeholders to collaborate and coordinate. This new capability, built in earlier modules of PASSUR Surface Management solutions, is applicable to all airports where demand is growing and the capacity of existing infrastructure is highly constrained.
2)	Designed and launched a new aircraft deicing program to ensure flights are sequenced just-in-time to the best-available deice capacity, ensuring the shortest possible pushback to takeoff time, minimizing taxi time, and maximizing airport throughput. This new capability creates a streamlined, centralized, automated process. Winter deicing creates some of the most disruptive and costly constraints to airline and airport operations. PASSUR Deice Manager provides a decision support solution that focuses on removing these costly constraints and increasing airport throughput during severe winter weather events.

 

3)

Developed a program to increase flight predictability and minimize delays and disruptions with Air France, by deploying PASSUR advanced ATM best practices and decision-support technology. In developing the European version of PITM with PASSUR Aerospace, Air France is staking out a leading role among European airlines in advanced network management at the system operations level, adapting ATM solutions proven with leading North American airlines and airports to the specific requirements of the European airspace. Air France is the launch customer for PASSUR's Global Air Traffic Initiatives.

4)

A new product scheduled to be released Winter/Spring 2018: Regional Diversion Manager ("RDM") addresses the problem of highly disruptive large diversion events when a small set of airports get overwhelmed with diversions, while other airports have unused capacity. The result is extended delays, cancellations, and disrupted schedule recovery. Airlines need to know where everyone is diverting (not just their own flights) as well as the "capability status" of potential diversion airports (gates, fuel, deicing fluid, hardstands), airports, Customs and Border Patrol, and Ground Handlers. Airports need to know how many diversions are headed to them, what type of aircraft, which airlines, and whether crews are likely to time-out. PASSUR RDM addresses these challenges by creating the first-ever platform that ensures real-time information exchange and coordination between airports, airlines, and other key stakeholders during large-scale diversion events. It is designed to reduce cancellations related to diversions, and accelerate the recovery to normal operations.

5)

Launched PASSUR's collaboration with GE Aviation Digital Solutions, to leverage GE's domain expertise in software development, design thinking and FastWorks. The work is taking place in GE's digital collaboration center in Austin, Texas and our first prototype debuted at GE's Minds + Machines conference in October 2017. This collaboration includes a design process that will lead to new, transformative capabilities for PASSUR's customers, and will shape the vision and future of PASSUR's integrated suite of solutions.

      Technology Awards

6)

Was named to the Connecticut Technology Council and Marcum LLP Tech Top 40 list of the fastest growing technology companies in Connecticut. The company is a 6-time the Company winner of this award, and a 5-time winner of its precursor award. The award is a celebration of the 40 fastest growing Advanced Manufacturing, Energy/Environmental, Life Sciences, New Media/Internet/Telecom, IT Services and Software companies in Connecticut.

 

The Company's business plan is to continue to focus on increasing subscription-based revenues from its suite of software applications, and to develop new applications and professional services designed to address the needs of the aviation industry and the U.S. government. The Company's goal is to help solve problems faced by its customers based on the following product development objectives:
     

1)	Continue developing decision support solutions built on business intelligence, predictive analytics, and web-dashboard technology;
2)	Continue integrating multiple additional industry data sets into its integrated aviation database, including data from a variety of additional aircraft, airspace, and ground surveillance technologies, in order to ensure that PASSUR is the primary choice for data integration and management for large aviation organizations;
3)	Continue extending the reach of the PASSUR Network, which provides the proprietary backbone for many of the Company's solutions; and
4)	Continue developing the Company's professional service capabilities, in order to ensure that its solutions can be fully implemented in its customers' work environments, with minimal demand on customers' internal resources.

The Company shipped one Company-owned PASSUR System and installed 52 Company owned SMLAT Systems during fiscal year 2017 (installations include systems shipped in the current and previous fiscal year). The shipped and installed PASSUR and SMLAT Systems are capitalized as part of the Company-owned PASSUR Network. The Company will continue to expand the PASSUR Network by shipping and installing additional PASSUR and SMLAT Systems throughout fiscal year 2018 and beyond.  The Company will continue to market the business intelligence, predictive analytics, as well as decision support applications and solutions derived from the PASSUR Network, directly to the aviation industry and organizations that serve, or are served by, the aviation industry. There were over 180 Company-owned PASSUR Systems located at airports worldwide at the end of fiscal year 2017. Back up PASSUR Systems have been installed at major customer locations.

Management concentrates its efforts on the sale of business intelligence, predictive analytics, and decision support product applications, utilizing data primarily derived from the PASSUR Network. Such efforts include the continued development of existing products, new product offerings and to a lesser extent, professional services.

In fiscal year 2017, total revenues decreased $1,021,000, or 7%, to $13,871,000, as compared with $14,892,000 in fiscal year 2016. The decrease in total revenues was primarily due (i) a decline in our subscription revenue of $538,000, or 4%, a decline in our consulting revenue of $423,000, or 73%, and a decline in maintenance revenue of $60,000, or 35% as compared with the prior year.

The decline in subscription revenues of $538,000 is primarily due to an approximately $1,400,000 loss in revenue from a customer, which was previously disclosed, partially offset by a full year of revenue recognized in fiscal year 2017 from new contracts recorded in fiscal year 2016, net of the partial year's revenue recorded in fiscal year 2016 of approximately $600,000, plus revenue from new contracts recognized in fiscal year 2017 of approximately $300,000.

The decline in consulting and license fee revenue of $423,000 to $160,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017 as compared to $583,000 for the same period in 2016 is due to the completion of a one-time consulting assignment.

The Company continues to enhance its wide selection of products, developing and deploying new software applications and solutions to better address customers' needs, delivered through web-based applications or as stand-alone professional services.

 Cost of Revenues

Costs associated with subscription and maintenance revenues consist primarily of direct labor, depreciation of PASSUR and Surface Multilateration ("SMLAT") Network Systems, amortization of capitalized software development costs, communication costs, data feeds, travel and entertainment, and consulting fees. Also, included in cost of revenues are costs associated with upgrades to PASSUR and SMLAT Systems necessary to make such systems compatible with new software applications, as well as the ordinary repair and maintenance of existing PASSUR and SMLAT Systems. Additionally, cost of revenues in each reporting period is impacted by: (1) the number of PASSUR and SMLAT System units added to the PASSUR Network, which include the production, shipment, and installation of these assets, which are capitalized to the PASSUR Network; and (2) capitalized costs associated with software development and data center projects. Both of these are referred to as "Capitalized Assets", and are depreciated and/or amortized over their respective useful lives and charged to cost of revenues. The Company does not break down its costs by product.

Cost of revenues increased $209,000, or 3%, to $6,450,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared with $6,241,000 in fiscal year 2016. During fiscal year 2017, cost of revenues increases included (i) an increase in personnel and consulting costs of approximately $1,100,000, as a result of the Company's on-going investments in its software portfolio; and (ii) an increase in costs associated with outside contractors of approximately $500,000, related to the installation and deployment of the Company's SMLAT systems. These increases were offset by an increase in total capitalized costs associated with both the Company's SMLAT systems and software development costs of approximately $1,400,000, as compared with the prior year.

When the Company uses its employees to manufacture PASSUR and SMLAT Systems, build capital assets, and ship and install PASSUR and SMLAT Systems in the field, or for software development, there is a reduction in cost of revenues due to the fact that the labor-related costs for these systems are capitalized, rather than expensed and amortized over 7 years for PASSUR or 5 years for SMLAT systems.

Costs of revenues was 46% of revenue in fiscal year 2017 and 42% in fiscal year 2016.

The Company's research and development efforts include activities associated with the enhancement and improvement of the Company's existing hardware, software, and information products. Research and development expenses decreased $43,000, or 5%, for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to a decrease in personnel related costs, as compared with the prior year.

The Company anticipates that it will continue to invest in research and development to develop, maintain, and support existing and newly developed applications for its customers. There were no customer-sponsored research and development activities during fiscal years 2017 or 2016. Research and development expenses are funded by current operations.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $1,540,000, or 24%, for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase is primarily due to (i) an increase in personnel related costs for new hires of $985,000 related to sales and marketing, (ii) an increase is stock-based compensation expense of $184,000, as a result of the increase in headcount, and (iii) an increase in bad debt reserve of $173,000 related to accounts receivable outstanding for which collections are uncertain.

Income from operations decreased $2,727,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to (i) an increase in operating expenses of $1,706,000 or 13% and (ii) a decrease in revenues of $1,021,000, or 7%. Overall, the increase in operating expenses was primarily due to a major investment in hiring new development, sales and marketing and management professionals needed to achieve our future strategic product enhancements and revenue growth objectives.

Interest expense – related party decreased $12,000, or 7%, for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to a lower average principle balance on the note for fiscal year 2017, as compared to fiscal year 2016.

Income before taxes decreased $2,719,000, or 234%, to a loss before income taxes of $1,559,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to income before income taxes of $1,161,000 for the same period in 2016.

The Company's income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits reflect the Company's best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid.  The Company's provision for income taxes in each fiscal year consists of federal and state taxes. The effective tax rate for fiscal year 2017 was (125.8%) on a pre-tax loss of $(1,559,000) as compared to 55.4% in fiscal year 2016 on pre-tax income of $1,161,000.  The effective tax rate differs from the Federal statutory rate of 34% primarily related to the Company recording a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as such amounts were no longer realizable on a more-likely-than-not basis.

The Company had a net loss of $3,520,000, or $0.46 per diluted share, for the year ended October 31, 2017, as compared to net income of $518,000, or $0.07 per diluted share, for the same period in 2016.

In the opinion of management, inflation has not had a material effect on the operations of the Company including selling prices, capital expenditures, and operating expenses.

The Company's current liabilities exceeded current assets, excluding deferred revenue by $371,000 as of October 31, 2017. The note payable to a related party, G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, the Company's significant shareholder and Chairman, was $3,800,000 at October 31, 2017, with a maturity of November 1, 2018. The Company's stockholders' equity was $8,453,000 at October 31, 2017. The Company had a net loss of $3,520,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017.

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Fourth Debt Extension Agreement with G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, the Company's Chairman and significant stockholder, effective February 9, 2018, pursuant to which the Company and Mr. Gilbert agreed to modify certain terms and conditions of the existing debt agreement with Mr. Gilbert (the "Existing Gilbert Note"). The maturity date of the Existing Gilbert Note was due on November 1, 2018, and the total amount of principal and interest due and owing as of February 12, 2018, was $4,734,000. Pursuant to the Fourth Debt Extension Agreement, the Company issued a new note to Mr. Gilbert in the principal amount of $4,725,000 (the "Fourth Replacement Note") in exchange for the Existing Gilbert Note and the Company agreed to pay the accrued interest under the Existing Gilbert Note as of February 9, 2018, in an amount equal to $7,000, at the time and on the terms set forth in the Existing Gilbert Note. Under the terms of the Fourth Replacement Note, the maturity date was extended to November 1, 2019, and the annual interest rate remained at 6%. Interest payments under the Fourth Replacement Note shall be made annually on October 31st of each year. The note payable is secured by the Company's assets. The Company has paid all interest incurred on the Fourth Replacement Note through October 31, 2017, totaling $171,000.  Subsequent to October 31, 2017, the Company paid all interest incurred on the note payable, through January 31, 2018 in the amount of $66,000. During fiscal year 2017, Mr. Gilbert loaned the Company an additional $1,100,000, and subsequent to October 31, 2017, Mr. Gilbert loaned the Company an additional $925,000. As of February 12, 2018, the principal amount of the loan outstanding to Mr. Gilbert was $4,725,000

Management is addressing the Company's working capital deficiency by aggressively marketing the Company's PASSUR Network Systems information capabilities in its existing product and professional service lines, as well as in new products and professional services, which are continually being developed and deployed. Management believes that the continued development of its existing suite of software products and professional services, which address the wide array of needs of the aviation industry, will continue to lead to increased growth in the Company's customer-base and subscription-based revenues.

During the year ended October 31, 2017, the Company paid interest to G.S. Beckwith Gilbert of $171,000, representing the entire fiscal year 2017 interest due, thereby meeting the payment requirements of the loan agreement.

If the Company's business plan does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet the Company's operating cash requirements, the Company will attempt to obtain external financing on commercially reasonable terms. However, the Company has received a commitment from G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated February 12, 2018, that if the Company, at any time, is unable to meet its obligations through February 12, 2019, G.S. Beckwith Gilbert will provide the necessary continuing financial support to the Company in order for the Company to meet such obligations. Such commitment for financial support may be in the form of additional advances or loans to the Company, in addition to the deferral of principal and/or interest payments due on the existing loans, if deemed necessary. The note payable is secured by the Company's assets.

The Company believes that its liquidity is adequate to meet operating and investment requirements for the next twelve months. However, if during such period the Company does not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet the Company's operating cash requirements, it has received a commitment from G.S. Beckwith Gilbert to do so if the Company requires additional funds.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $2,334,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017, and consisted of net loss of $3,520,000, depreciation and amortization of $2,968,000, stock-based compensation expense of $578,000, and the provision for deferred taxes of $1,942,000, with the balance consisting of an increase in operating assets and liabilities. Net cash used in investing activities was $4,683,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017, which was expended for capitalized software development costs, additions to the PASSUR Network, and additional computer equipment for our Bohemia, New York, and Orlando, Florida data centers. Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,100,000 for year ended October 31, 2017, and consisted of proceeds from note payable – related party. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $2,261,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to net loss for fiscal year 2017.

The Company actively monitors the costs associated with supporting the business, and continually seeks to identify and reduce any unnecessary costs as part of its cost reduction initiatives, while strategically reinvesting back into the business as part of its long-term plans. Additionally, the aviation market has been impacted by budgetary constraints, airline bankruptcies and consolidations, current economic conditions, the continued war on terrorism, and fluctuations in fuel costs. The aviation market is extensively regulated by government agencies, particularly the FAA and the National Transportation Safety Board, and management anticipates that new regulations relating to air travel may continue to be issued. Substantially all of the Company's revenues are derived from airlines, airports, and organizations that serve, or are served by, the aviation industry. Any new regulations or changes in the economic situation of the aviation industry could have an impact on the future operations of the Company, either positively or negatively.

Interest by potential customers in the information and decision support software products obtained from PASSUR Network Systems and its professional services remains strong. As a result, the Company believes that future revenues will increase on an annualized basis. However, there are no guarantees that such annualized future revenue increases will occur. If revenues do not increase and the Company's cost-structure is not adjusted accordingly, losses may occur. The extent of such profits or losses will be dependent on sales volume achieved and the Company's ability to optimize its cost structures.

None.

The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, based upon accounting policies management has implemented. The Company has identified the policies and estimates below as critical to its business operations and the understanding of its results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on the Company's business operations are discussed throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, where such policies affect its reported financial results. The actual impact of these factors may differ under different assumptions or conditions. The Company's accounting policies that require management to apply significant judgment and estimates include:

As discussed further in Note (1) Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-15, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("ASC 605-15"), which requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenues can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.

 

The Company's revenues are generated by selling: (1) subscription-based, real-time decision and solution information and (2) professional services.

Revenues generated from subscription agreements are recognized over the term of such executed agreements and/or customer's receipt of such data or services. In accordance with ASC 605-15, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists which is evidenced by a signed agreement, the service has been deployed, as applicable, to its hosted servers, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. The Company records revenues pursuant to individual contracts on a month-by-month basis, as outlined by the applicable agreement. In many cases, the Company may invoice respective customers in advance of the specified period, either quarterly or annually, which coincides with the terms of the agreement. In such cases, the Company will defer at the close of each month and/or reporting period, any subscription revenues invoiced for which services have yet to be rendered, in accordance with ASC 605-15. Revenues generated by professional services are recognized when services are provided.

The individual offerings that are included in arrangements with our customers are identified and priced separately to the customer based upon the relative fair value for each individual element sold in the arrangement irrespective of the combination of products and services which are included in a particular arrangement.  As such, the units of accounting are based on each individual element sold, and revenue is allocated to each element based on selling price.  Selling price is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price ("BESP") if neither VSOE or TPE is available. BESP must be determined in a manner that is consistent with that used to determine the price to sell the specific elements on a standalone basis. BESP is established considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices with different classes of customers, geographies and other factors contemplated in negotiating the arrangement with the customer. The Company uses either VSOE or BESP.

From time to time, the Company will enter into an agreement with a customer to receive a one-time fee for rights including, but not limited to, the rights to use certain data at an agreed upon location(s) for a specific use and/or for an unlimited number of users, covering installation costs associated with the deployment of additions to the Company owned PASSUR Network, and/or set-up fees associated with new deployments of the Company software solutions. These fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the agreement or relationship period of such arrangement, whichever is longer, but typically five years.

Deferred revenue is classified on the Company's balance sheet as a liability until such time as revenue from services is properly recognized as revenue in accordance with ASC 605-15 and the corresponding agreement.

As discussed further in Note (1) Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company capitalizes costs related to the development of internal use software in accordance with authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on internal-use software, ASC 350-40, "Internal-Use Software." The Company expenses all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of its development, and capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred relating to upgrades and enhancements to the software are capitalized if it is determined that these upgrades or enhancements add additional functionality to the software. Costs incurred to improve and support products after they become available are charged to expense as incurred.

As of October 31, 2017, and 2016, the Company had $8,893,000 and $7,600,000, respectively, of software development costs, net of amortization. The Company has a formal program to determine when additional functionality of a product is established and assumptions are used that reflect the Company's best estimates. Software development costs are reported at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is computed as the estimated gross future revenue from each software solution less the amount of estimated future costs of completing and disposing of that product. Software costs are included in "Capitalized software development costs, net" on the Company's balance sheet and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life, generally five years.

As discussed further in Note (1) Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 360-10, "Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized to the extent the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset is less than the carrying value. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell. The Company evaluates the periods of amortization continually in determining whether later events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. If estimates are changed, the unamortized costs will be allocated to the increased or decreased number of remaining periods in the revised life.

All of the Company's capitalized assets are recorded at cost (which may also include salaries incurred during production and/or development) and depreciated and/or amortized over the asset's estimated useful life for financial statement purposes. The estimated useful life represents the projected period of time that the asset will be productively employed by the Company and is determined by management based on many factors, including historical experience with similar assets, technological life cycles, and industry standards for similar assets. Circumstances and events relating to these assets are monitored to ensure that changes in asset lives or impairments (see "Impairment of Long-Lived Assets" above) are identified and prospective depreciation or impairment expense is adjusted accordingly.

The Company's long-lived assets, which include the PASSUR Network and Property and equipment, totaled $6,857,000, and accounted for 39% of the Company's total assets as of October 31, 2017.

At each reporting period, management evaluates the carrying values of the Company's assets. The evaluation considers the undiscounted cash flows generated from current contractual revenue sources and the anticipated forecast revenue derived from each asset. The Company then evaluates these revenues on an overall basis to determine if any impairment issues exist. As of October 31, 2017, based upon management's evaluation of the above asset groups, no impairment of these asset groups exist. If these forecasts are not met, the Company may have to record impairment charges not previously recorded.

    

The PASSUR Network, net, Capitalized software development costs, net, and Property and equipment, net totaled $6,004,000, $8,893,000, and $852,000, respectively, as of October 31, 2017. As of October 31, 2016, the PASSUR Network, net, Capitalized software development costs, net, and Property and equipment, net totaled $5,198,000, $7,600,000, and $1,187,000, respectively. In management's judgment, the estimated depreciable lives used to calculate the annual depreciation and amortization expense are appropriate.

Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

PASSUR Network	5 to 7 years
Capitalized software development costs	5 years
Property and equipment	3 to 10 years

The PASSUR Network is comprised of PASSUR and SMLAT Systems, which include the direct production, shipping, and installation costs incurred for each PASSUR and SMLAT System, which are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to cost of revenues and is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is estimated at five years for SMLAT Systems and seven years for PASSUR Systems. PASSUR and SMLAT Systems which are not installed, raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods components are carried at cost and not depreciated until installed.

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $2,968,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017. This consisted of $1,234,000 of depreciation expense related to the PASSUR Network and Property and equipment and $1,734,000 of amortization expense related to Capitalized software development costs. For the year ended October 31, 2016, total depreciation and amortization expense was $2,891,000. This consisted of $1,330,000 of depreciation expense related to PASSUR Network and Property and equipment and $1,561,000 of amortization expense related to Capitalized software development costs.

As discussed further in Note (10) Stock-Based Compensation to the Company's consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for share-based awards in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB on stock compensation, FASB ASC 718, "Compensation-Stock Compensation," which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on date of grant, and recognition of stock-based compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model to compute the estimated fair value of share-based compensation expense. The Black-Scholes valuation model includes assumptions regarding dividend yields, expected volatility, expected option term and risk-free interest rates. The assumptions used in computing the fair value of share-based compensation expense reflect the Company's best estimates, but involve uncertainties relating to market and other conditions, many of which are outside of the Company's control.  Additionally, the Company estimates forfeiture rates based primarily upon historical experience, adjusted when appropriate for known events or expected trends. Stock-based compensation expense was $578,000 and $401,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and was primarily included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

At October 31, 2017, the Company had available a federal net operating loss carry-forward of $7,474,000 for income tax purposes, which will expire in various tax years from fiscal year 2023 through fiscal year 2037.  The Company evaluates whether a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets is required each reporting period. A valuation allowance is established if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax asset will not be realized.  Based on the weight of available evidence, the Company believes that its deferred tax assets will not be realized on a more-likely-than-not basis.

The Company follows ASC 740, "Income Taxes," where tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. At October 31, 2017, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions. As permitted by ASC 740-10, the Company's accounting policy is to prospectively classify accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts was enacted into law.  The new tax legislation represents a fundamental and dramatic shift in US taxation.  The new legislation contains several key tax provisions that will impact us including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The new legislation also includes a variety of other changes including but not limited to a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction.

ASC 740 requires the Company to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. The lower corporate income tax rate will require the Company to re-measure its deferred tax assets and liabilities as well as reassess the realizability  of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities. After considering the impact of the current year loss, including the Company's increased expenses and weighting all available positive and negative evidence, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the net deferred tax asset would not be realized and a full valuation allowance was recorded.  The SEC staff has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No.118 which will allow the recording of provisional amounts during a measurement period used when accounting for business combinations.  The Company will continue to assess the impact of the recently enacted tax law on our business and our consolidated financial statements and will reflect the provisional impact of the tax law change in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No 2017-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation: Topic 718" — Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09"), to clarify when to account for a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new standard, modification is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of an award as equity or liability changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. ASU 2017-09 will be effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2018, and will be applied prospectively.

In March 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on accounting for employee share-based payment awards to simplify the accounting related to several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences of share-based payment transactions, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that period, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2018. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. The standard requires the use of several transition methods including a modified retrospective transition method, retrospective method, and prospective method. The Company is evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which amends the ASC and creates Topic 842, Leases ("Topic 842"). Topic 842 will require lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP on the balance sheet. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe this new accounting standard update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Assets. This ASU is intended to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes on the balance sheet and will require an entity to present all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. Under the current guidance, entities are required to separately present deferred taxes as current or non-current. This guidance will be effective beginning in 2018, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not believe this new accounting standard update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606" ("ASU 2014-09"), to supersede nearly all-existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP.  The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services, ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing  GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The new standard is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2019. Early application as of January 1, 2017, is permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its financial reporting.

Not applicable

See Part IV, Item 15(a)(1) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Company's annual financial statements.

Not applicable.

As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision, and with the participation of, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). The Company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules.

The Company believes that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance, not absolute assurance, that the objectives of the control system are met. Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of October 31, 2017.

There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) within the fourth fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Not applicable.

PART III

The following table sets forth the names and ages of the Company's directors, as well as the year each individual became a director, and the position(s) with the Company, if any, held by each individual.

Name	Age	Director since	Director Position and Officers with the Company
G.S. Beckwith Gilbert	75	1997	Executive Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Executive Committee, and Director
Paul L. Graziani	60	1997	Chairman of the Audit Committee and Director
James T. Barry	56	2000	President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Kurt J. Ekert	47	2009	Chairman of the Compensation Committee and Director
Richard L. Haver	72	2010	Director
Robert M. Stafford	75	2013	Director
Ronald V. Rose	66	2014	Chairman of the Technology Committee and Director
Michael P. Schumaecker	73	2017	Director

Each director is elected to serve until the succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until his successor is duly elected and qualified.

The following table sets forth the names and ages of the Company's executive officers, as well as the office(s) held by each individual, and the year in which each executive officer began to serve in such capacity.

Name	Age	Officer since	Officer Position and Officers with the Company
G.S. Beckwith Gilbert	75	1997	Executive Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Executive Committee, and Director
James T. Barry	56	1998	President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Louis J. Petrucelly	43	2016	Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary
Timothy P. Campbell	55	2017	Chief Operating Officer

Each officer is elected to serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

None.

None.

 

The following sets forth the business experience of the Company's directors and executive officers:

 

G.S. Beckwith Gilbert	Mr. Gilbert is Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, and has served as the Chairman of the Board since his election in 1997. Mr. Gilbert also serves as the Chairman of the Executive Committee.  Mr. Gilbert was appointed Chief Executive Officer in October of 1998 and served as such until his retirement from that post on February 1, 2003. Mr. Gilbert is President and Chief Executive Officer of Field Point Capital Management Company, a merchant-banking firm, a position he has held since 1988. Mr. Gilbert is also Chairman Emeritus and a member of the Board of Fellows of Harvard Medical School, a Director of the Yale Cancer Center, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Gilbert's current service as Chairman of the Board of the Company and Chairman of the Executive Committee and prior service as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, as well as his prior board and executive management experience, allow him to provide in-depth knowledge of the Company and other valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Paul L. Graziani	Mr. Graziani has been a Director of the Company since 1997 and is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. He currently serves as Chief Executive Officer of Analytical Graphics, Inc. ("AGI"), a leading producer of commercially available analysis and visualization software for the aerospace, defense, and intelligence communities, a position he has held since January 1989. Until March 2009, he also served as AGI's President. In recent times, Mr. Graziani has been recognized as "CEO of the Year" by the Philadelphia region's Eastern Technology Council and the Chester County Chamber of Business and Industry; "Entrepreneur of the Year" regional winner by Ernst & Young; and "Businessman of the Year" by the local Great Valley Regional Chamber of Commerce. He sits on the Boards of Directors of the United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation and Federation of Galaxy Explorers, and is a former member of the board of governors of the Civil Air Patrol. He is an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and has formerly served on the advisory board for Penn State Great Valley. After fulfilling his board tenure, he was recently elected to the honorary position of Life Director of The Space Foundation. In 2009 AGI was named a "Top Small Workplace" by the Wall Street Journal and the non-profit organization Winning Workplaces. Mr. Graziani's knowledge of the Company through his service as a Director of the Company, as well as his experience as CEO of a software company, allow him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Kurt J. Ekert	Mr. Ekert has been a Director of the Company since September 10, 2009, and became the President and Chief Executive Officer of Carlson Wagonlit Travel (CWT), the world's leading business travel management company, in 2016. Mr. Ekert has more than twenty years' experience in global travel, tourism and technology, with leadership and governance positions at Travelport, where he was Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer from 2010 to 2016, eNett, GTA, Orbitz Worldwide, Cendant and Continental Airlines. Mr. Ekert is also a director of the World Travel & Tourism Council, an advisor to Freebird Inc., and serves on the boards of the U.S. Department of Commerce Travel & Tourism Advisory Board and the UNGA Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children.  Mr. Ekert holds a B.S. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, an MBA from the University of South Carolina, and saw active duty as a US army officer. Mr. Ekert's knowledge of the Company through his service as a Director of the Company, as well as his executive management and business experience in both travel and technology allow him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Richard L. Haver	Mr. Haver has been a Director of the Company since October 8, 2010. Mr. Haver retired from Northrop Grumman Corporation in December 2010 following 10 years of service with Northrop and the TRW component acquired by Northrop in 2002. His position at Northrop Grumman was Vice President for Intelligence Programs. He earned a B.A. degree in History from Johns Hopkins University in 1967. He served on active duty in the U.S. Navy from 1967 to 1973. In 1973, Mr. Haver became a civilian intelligence analyst in the Anti-Submarine Warfare Systems branch at the Naval Intelligence Support Center. In 1976, he was selected as a department head at the Navy Field Operational Intelligence Office ("NFOIO"), and the next year became the Technical Director of the Naval Ocean Surveillance Information Center. He subsequently held the senior civilian position at NFOIO, serving as Technical Director until assuming the position of Special Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence in 1981. He was selected as Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence in June 1985, a position he held until 1989. Mr. Haver was selected by Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in July 1989 to the position of Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Policy. From 1992 to 1995, he served as the Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs. In 1998, he assumed the duties of Chief of Staff of the National Intelligence Council and Deputy to the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production. In 1999, Mr. Haver joined TRW as Vice President and Director, Intelligence Programs. He led business development and marketing activities in the intelligence market area for their Systems & Information Technology Group. He also served as liaison to the group's strategic and tactical C3 business units, as well as TRW's Telecommunications and Space & Electronics groups. Mr. Haver was selected by Vice President Cheney to head the Administration's Transition Team for Intelligence and then selected by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. He returned to the private sector in 2003. Mr. Haver is now consulting to both government and private industry associated with the national security and intelligence fields, as well as volunteer work, and service on various boards and panels. Mr. Haver's knowledge of the Company through his service as a Director of the Company, as well as his executive management and business experience in the intelligence field, allow him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.

Robert M. Stafford	Mr. Stafford has been a Director of the Company since June 12, 2013.  Mr. Stafford is currently the Chairman and CEO of Stafford Capital Management, where he has worked since 1986, and the Managing Partner of Pacific Management Ltd., where he has also worked since 1986.  Mr. Stafford received a bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1963 and an MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1968. Mr. Stafford's extensive financial experience allows him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Ronald V. Rose	Mr. Rose has been a Director of the Company since December 17, 2014. Mr. Rose now serves as CEO of Value Creation Strategies Holdings, LLC, an investment company focused on value creation through data analytics technologies. Formerly Mr. Rose was the Vice Chairman and CEO, of Decisyon, Inc., a company which accelerates business process improvement through the combination of collaborative business intelligence technologies and IoT analytics. Prior to Decisyon, Mr. Rose served as Senior Vice President of Dell.com at Dell Inc., where he ran a multi-billion dollar B2B business unit. Prior to Dell, Mr. Rose served as Chief Information Officer of Priceline.com for eleven years during which time the company successfully made the transition from a pre-IPO startup to a multi-billion dollar global travel company. Mr. Rose began his career at Delta Air Lines focusing on transaction systems. Mr. Rose holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Tulane University and the University of Aberdeen Scotland. Mr. Rose received a Master's of Science in Information Technology from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Mr. Rose is a private pilot. Mr. Rose's experience as CEO of a software company in the data analytics and collaborative decision making technology sector allows him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Michael P. Schumaecker	Mr. Schumaecker was appointed to the Board of Directors in June, 2017. Mr. Schumaecker, is a retired partner of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, an international law firm which focuses on the aviation, technology, energy and natural resources, financial services, real estate and construction, and travel and hospitality sectors. Mr. Schumaecker was a member of the law firm's Managing Board for over six years and the leader of the law firm's Finance practice group for over 10 years, a group that included the firm's Banking, Derivatives, Energy & Infrastructure Projects, Trade Finance and Transportation Finance practices. He has extensive experience in complex cross-border asset-based financings, trade finance, and infrastructure projects, particularly in the aviation and energy industries. Mr. Schumaecker has over 30 years of experience acting as counsel to airlines and lenders in both financial and commercial matters, including aircraft purchases and sales, operating and finance leases, pre-delivery payment financing, receivables financings, airport modernization projects, ticket clearance systems, fleet replacements, joint ventures, debt restructurings and insolvency proceedings. Mr. Schumaecker received a B.A. from Georgetown University and then served as an officer in the U.S. Army. After military service, he earned his J.D. (cum laude) from Brooklyn Law School where he was Editor-in-Chief of the Law Review. He then attended New York University School of Law where he received an LL.M. (corporate law).
James T. Barry	Mr. Barry was named Chief Executive Officer of the Company in February 2003 and President in April 2003. Since Mr. Barry joined the Company in 1998, he has held the positions of Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, and Executive Vice President. Mr. Barry has also been a Director of the Company since 2000. From 1998 to 2006 Mr. Barry was a Senior Vice President of Field Point Capital Management Company. From 1989 to 1998, he was with DIANON Systems, Inc., most recently as Vice President of Marketing. Prior to DIANON, Mr. Barry was an officer in the United States Marine Corps. Mr. Barry's knowledge of the Company through his service as a Director, President, and Chief Executive Officer of the Company allows him to bring valuable insight and knowledge to the Board.
Louis J. Petrucelly	Mr. Petrucelly joined the Company as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary in October 2016. Mr. Petrucelly has more than 15 years of experience in multi-dimensional corporate finance, operations, and accounting. Previously, Mr. Petrucelly spent almost 10 years at FalconStor Software, Inc., a leading software-defined storage data services company, serving most recently as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer since August 2012. Mr. Petrucelly joined FalconStor Software, Inc. in March 2007 and held several senior financial positions. Prior to FalconStor Software, Inc., Mr. Petrucelly spent time in senior financial positions at both Granite Broadcasting Corporation and PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. He began his career with Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. Petrucelly received his B.S. from the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University.
Timothy P. Campbell	Mr. Campbell was named Chief Operating Officer in October 2017. Before joining PASSUR, Mr. Campbell was most recently Senior Vice President, Air Operations for American Airlines Group. Mr. Campbell led the effort to combine American's Integrated Operations Control (IOC) and US Airways Operations Control Center (OCC). The integration work also included flight and inflight teams, crew resources, operations planning and performance engineering functions.  Over his 30 years in the aviation industry, Mr. Campbell has acquired a diverse set of skills and experience, both in the airline and aerospace manufacturing spaces. Before joining American, he was Founder and President of Mountain Vista Consulting, LLC. Prior to founding the company, Mr. Campbell was president of Compass Airlines, a wholly-owned regional airline for Northwest Airlines and later Delta Air Lines.

The Company knows of no event which occurred during the past ten years and which is described in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K relating to any director or executive officer of the Company.

Our Board of Directors has appointed an Audit Committee, consisting of five directors. All of the members of the Audit Committee are independent of our Company and management, as independence is defined under applicable Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") rules. The Audit Committee consists of Mr. Graziani, Mr. Schumaecker, Mr. Ekert, Mr. Haver, and Mr. Stafford.

Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Graziani, Chairman of the Company's Audit Committee, meets the Securities and Exchange Commission's criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" as set forth in Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K. Mr. Graziani acquired the attributes necessary to meet such criteria by holding positions that provided relevant experience. Mr. Graziani is independent, as defined under applicable FINRA rules.

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company's directors, executive officers, and 10% stockholders to file reports of ownership and reports of change in ownership of the Company's Common Stock and other equity securities with the SEC. Directors, executive officers, and 10% stockholders are required to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based on a review of the copies of such reports furnished, the Company believes that during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2017, the Company's directors, executive officers, and 10% stockholders filed on a timely basis all reports required by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.

There have not been any material changes to the procedures by which the Company's stockholders may recommend nominees to the Company's board of directors, as disclosed in the definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 15, 2017, by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Company's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The Company hereby incorporates by reference into this Item the information contained under the heading "Code of Ethics" in the Company's definitive proxy statement that will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of October 31, 2017 (the "2018 Proxy Statement").

The Company hereby incorporates by reference into this Item the information contained under the heading "Executive Compensation" in the 2018 Proxy Statement.

The Company hereby incorporates by reference into this Item the information contained under the heading "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 2018 Proxy Statement.

For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans, see Item 5(d), above.

For the year ended October 31, 2017, the Company paid interest to G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, the Company's significant shareholder and Chairman, of $171,000, representing the entire fiscal year 2017 interest due, thereby meeting the payment requirements of the loan agreement. During fiscal year 2017, Mr. Gilbert loaned the Company an additional $1,100,000 to primarily fund the Company's near-term investment strategy to enhance the Company's technology platform, in the form of software development personnel, third-party contractors, and PASSUR Network infrastructure support. As of October 31, 2017, the loan balance totaled $3,800,000. Subsequent to October 31, 2017, Mr. Gilbert loaned the Company an additional $925,000. As of February 12, 2018, the principal amount of the loan outstanding to Mr. Gilbert was $4,725,000

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Fourth Debt Extension Agreement with G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, the Company's Chairman and significant stockholder, effective February 9, 2018, pursuant to which the Company and Mr. Gilbert agreed to modify certain terms and conditions of the existing debt agreement with Mr. Gilbert (the "Existing Gilbert Note"). The maturity date of the Existing Gilbert Note was due on November 1, 2018, and the total amount of principal and interest due and owing as of February 12, 2018, was $4,734,000. Pursuant to the Fourth Debt Extension Agreement, the Company issued a new note to Mr. Gilbert in the principal amount of $4,725,000 (the "Fourth Replacement Note") in exchange for the Existing Gilbert Note and the Company agreed to pay the accrued interest under the Existing Gilbert Note as of February 9, 2018, in an amount equal to $7,000, at the time and on the terms set forth in the Existing Gilbert Note. Under the terms of the Fourth Replacement Note, the maturity date was extended to November 1, 2019, and the annual interest rate remained at 6%. Interest payments under the Fourth Replacement Note shall be made annually on October 31st of each year. The note payable is secured by the Company's assets. The Company has paid all interest incurred on the Fourth Replacement Note through October 31, 2017, totaling $171,000. Subsequent to October 31, 2017, the Company paid all interest incurred on the note payable, through January 31, 2018 in the amount of $66,000.

The Company has received a commitment from G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated February 12, 2018, that if the Company, at any time, is unable to meet its obligations through February 12, 2019, G.S. Beckwith Gilbert will provide the necessary continuing financial support to the Company in order for the Company to meet such obligations. Such commitment for financial support may be in the form of additional advances or loans to the Company, in addition to the deferral of principal and/or interest payments due on the existing loans, if deemed necessary. The note payable is secured by the Company's assets.

 

The Board of Directors had determined, after considering all the relevant facts and circumstances, that all named directors, except for Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Barry, are independent directors, as "independence" is defined in accordance with the FINRA standards.

 

The Company hereby incorporates by reference into this Item the information contained under the heading "Principal Accounting Fees and Services" in the 2018 Proxy Statement.

PART IV

(a)	List of Documents Filed as a Part of This Annual Report on Form 10-K:

(1) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Included in Part II of This Report:
	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – BDO USA, LLP	F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2017 and 2016	F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended October 31, 2017 and 2016	F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-6
(2) Index to Financial Statement Schedule: N/A

Schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

 

The following exhibits are required to be filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K by Item 15(a)(3).

3.1	The Company's composite Certificate of Incorporation, dated as of January 24, 1990, is incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1989.
3.1.1*	The Company's Amendment No.1 to the Certificate of Incorporation, dated as of April 5, 2017.
3.2	The Company's By-laws, dated as of May 16, 1988, are incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3-14 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998.
10.1	The Company's Amended 1999 Stock Incentive Plan is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Report on Form 8-K filed on April 17, 2006.
10.2	Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 9, 2011 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2011.
10.3	Debt Conversion Agreement and Secured Promissory Note, dated May 9, 2011 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2011.
10.4	Amendment No.1 to Secured Promissory Note, dated September 6, 2011 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 7, 2011.
10.5	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated March 6, 2013 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on March 14, 2013.
10.6	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated June 10, 2013 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 13, 2013.
10.7	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated September 5, 2013 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on September 13, 2013.
10.8	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated January 16, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013
10.9	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated March 7, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on March 13, 2014.
10.10	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated June 11, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 12, 2014.
10.11	Debt Extension Agreement, dated June 11, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 12, 2014.
10.12	Secured Promissory Note, dated June 11, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on June 12, 2014.
10.13	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated September 9, 2014 is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on September 12, 2014.
10.14	Debt Extension Agreement, dated January 6, 2017, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 10, 2017.

10.15	Secured Promissory Note, dated January 6, 2017, is incorporate by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 10, 2017.
10.16*	Debt Extension Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2018, by and between PASSUR Aerospace, Inc., and G.S. Beckwith Gilbert.
10.17*	Secure Promissory Note, dated as of February 9, 2018, from PASSUR Aerospace, Inc., as Borrower, to G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, as Lender.
10.18*	Commitment of G.S. Beckwith Gilbert, dated February 12, 2018.
21	List of Subsidiaries is incorporated by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K report for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1981.
23.1*	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.ins**	XBRL Instance
101.xsd**	XBRL Schema
101.cal**	XBRL Calculation
101.def**	XBRL Definition
101.lab**	XBRL Label
101.pre**	XBRL Presentation

 

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

PASSUR AEROSPACE, INC.

Dated:  February 12, 2018	By: /s/ James T. Barry
	James T. Barry
	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated:
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ James T. Barry
	James T. Barry
	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
	(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Louis J. Petrucelly
	Louis J. Petrucelly
	Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ G.S. Beckwith Gilbert
	G.S. Beckwith Gilbert
	Executive Chairman of the Board and Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Paul L. Graziani
	Paul L. Graziani
	Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Kurt J. Ekert
	Kurt J. Ekert
	Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Richard L. Haver
	Richard L. Haver
	Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Robert M. Stafford
	Robert M. Stafford
	Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Ronald V. Rose
	Ronald V. Rose
	Director
Dated:  February 12, 2018	/s/ Michael P. Schumaecker
	Michael P. Schumaecker
	Director

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary as of October 31, 2017 and 2016 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary at October 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

 

New York, New York

February 12, 2018

PART I.  Financial Information

 

Item 1. Financial Statements

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

October 31, 2017 and 2016

 

		2017				2016
						(Restated)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash		$	275,146			$	1,523,655
Accounts receivable, net			1,308,091				1,073,498
Deferred tax assets, current			-				418,889
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			303,045				217,410
Total current assets			1,886,282				3,233,452
PASSUR Network, net			6,004,367				5,198,421
Capitalized software development costs, net			8,893,414				7,600,038
Property and equipment, net			852,147				1,187,158
Deferred tax assets, non-current			-				1,522,967
Other assets			169,635				208,755
Total assets		$	17,805,845			$	18,950,791
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable		$	984,369			$	356,387
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			1,273,170				936,272
Deferred revenue, current portion			2,824,885				3,140,292
Total current liabilities			5,082,424				4,432,951
Deferred revenue, long term portion			470,831				423,346
Note payable - related party			3,800,000				2,700,000
Total liabilities			9,353,255				7,556,297
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred shares - authorized 5,000,000 shares, par value $0.01 per share; none issued or outstanding			-				-
Common shares - authorized 20,000,000 and 10,000,000 shares, respectively, par value $0.01 per share;  issued 8,480,526 and 8,465,526 at October 31, 2017 and  2016, respectively			84,804				84,654
Additional paid-in capital			16,699,337				16,082,865
Accumulated deficit			(6,397,873	)			(2,877,597	)
			10,386,268				13,289,922
Treasury stock, at cost, 784,435 and 775,327 shares at October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively			(1,933,678	)			(1,895,428	)
Total stockholders' equity			8,452,590				11,394,494
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity		$	17,805,845			$	18,950,791

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Years Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016

 

		2017				2016
						(Restated)
Revenues		$	13,871,495			$	14,892,495
Cost of expenses:
Cost of revenues			6,449,931				6,240,949
Research and development expenses			783,014				826,227
Selling, general, and administrative expenses			8,021,182				6,481,260
			15,254,127				13,548,436
(Loss)/Income from operations		$	(1,382,632	)		$	1,344,059
Interest expense - related party			170,917				183,333
Other (Loss)/Income			(5,221	)			-
(Loss)/Income before income taxes			(1,558,770	)			1,160,726
Provision for income taxes			1,961,506				643,023
Net (loss)/income		$	(3,520,276	)		$	517,703
Net (loss)/income per common share - basic		$	(0.46	)		$	0.07
Net (loss)/income per common share - diluted		$	(0.46	)		$	0.07
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic			7,693,831				7,679,696
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted			7,693,831				7,730,566

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Years Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016

										Additional												Total
		Common Stock								Paid-In				Accum.				Treasury				Stockholders
		Shares				Amount				Capital				Deficit				Stock				Equity
Balance at November 1, 2015 - Restated			7,653,199			$	84,284			$	15,663,796			$	(3,395,300	)		$	(1,895,428	)		$	10,457,352
Exercise of common stock options			37,000				370				17,850												18,220
Stock-based compensation expense											401,219												401,219
Net income															517,703								517,703
Balance at October 31, 2016 - Restated			7,690,199			$	84,654			$	16,082,865			$	(2,877,597	)		$	(1,895,428	)		$	11,394,494
Exercise of common stock options			15,000				150				38,100												38,250
Purchase of treasury stock			(9,108	)															(38,250	)			(38,250	)
Stock-based compensation expense											578,372												578,372
Net loss															(3,520,276	)							(3,520,276	)
Balance at October 31, 2017			7,696,091			$	84,804			$	16,699,337			$	(6,397,873	)		$	(1,933,678	)		$	8,452,590

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended October 31, 2017 and 2016

		2017				2016
						(Restated)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net (loss)/income		$	(3,520,276	)		$	517,703
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			2,967,557				2,890,541
Provision for deferred taxes			1,941,856				593,605
Provision for doubtful accounts			179,415				5,982
Stock-based compensation			578,372				401,219
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable			(414,008	)			155,506
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(134,497	)			(120,260	)
Other assets			39,120				31,106
Accounts payable			627,982				(524,432	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities			336,898				(41,628	)
Deferred revenue			(267,922	)			686,058
Total adjustments			5,854,773				4,077,697
Net cash provided by operating activities			2,334,497				4,595,400
Cash flows from investing activities
PASSUR Network			(1,400,624	)			(622,098	)
Software development costs			(3,027,394	)			(2,263,198	)
Property and equipment			(254,988	)			(330,177	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(4,683,006	)			(3,215,473	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Purchase of treasury stock			-				-
Payment of notes payable-related party			-				(800,000	)
Proceeds from notes payable - related party			1,100,000				-
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			-				18,220
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities			1,100,000				(781,780	)
(Decrease)/increase in cash			(1,248,509	)			598,147
Cash - beginning of period			1,523,655				925,508
Cash - end of period		$	275,146			$	1,523,655
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest - related party		$	171,000			$	183,000
Income taxes		$	89,000			$	62,000
Non-cash financing activities - purchase of treasury stock		$	38,250			$	-
Non-cash financing activities - proceeds from exercise of stock options		$	38,250			$	-

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

October 31, 2017

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. ("PASSUR" or the "Company"), a New York corporation founded in 1967, is a business intelligence company, providing predictive analytics and decision support technology for the aviation industry's primarily to improve the operational performance and cash flow of airlines and the airports where they operate. PASSUR uses big data, within the aviation intelligence platform and suite of web-based solutions that address the aviation industry's intractable and costly challenges, including, but not limited to, the underutilization of airspace and airport capacity, delays, cancellations, and diversions. The Company's technology platform is supported by its Aviation Intelligence Center of Excellence, a team of subject matter experts with extensive experience in airline, airport, and business aviation operations, finance, air traffic management, systems automation, and data visualization, with specific expertise in the operational and business needs, requirements, objectives, and constraints of the aviation industry.

PASSUR's mission is to improve global air traffic efficiencies by connecting the world's aviation professionals onto a single aviation intelligence platform, making PASSUR an element in addressing the aviation industry's system-wide inefficiencies. We are an aviation intelligence company that makes air travel more predictable, gate-to-gate, by using predictive analytics generated from our own big data – to mitigate constraints for airlines and their customers.

PASSUR's information solutions are used by the largest five North American airlines, more than 60 airport customers, including 21 of the top 30 North American airports (with PASSUR solutions also used at the remaining nine airports by one or more airline customers), hundreds of corporate aviation customers, and the U.S. government.

PASSUR provides data aggregation and consolidation, information, decision support, predictive analytics, collaborative solutions, and professional services. To enable this unique offering, PASSUR owns and operates the largest commercial passive radar network in the world that updates flight tracks every 1 to 4.6 seconds, powering a proprietary database that is accessible in real-time and delivers timely, accurate information and solutions via PASSUR's industry-leading algorithms and business logic included in its products.

Solutions offered by PASSUR help to ensure flight completion, covering the entire flight life cycle, from gate to gate, and result in reductions in overall costs and carbon emissions, while helping to maximizing revenue opportunities, as well as improving operational efficiency and enhancing the passenger experience.

PASSUR's commercial solutions give aviation operators the ability to optimize performance in today's air traffic management system, while also achieving Next Generation Air Transportation System ("NextGen") and Single European Sky ATM Research objectives.

PASSUR integrates data from multiple sources, including its independent network of over 180 surveillance sensors installed throughout North America creating coast to coast coverage, as well as locations in Europe and Asia; government data; customer data; and data from third party partners. PASSUR's sensors receive aircraft and drone signals in Mode A, C, S, and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast ("ADS-B"), providing position, altitude, beacon code, and tail number, among other information. PASSUR receives signals from aircraft that, when combined with its historical database of aircraft and airport behavior, including information recorded by its network over the last 10 years, allows the Company to know more about what has happened historically and what is happening in real-time. In addition, the historical database allows the Company to predict how aircraft, the airspace, and airports are going to perform, and more importantly, how the aircraft, the airspace, and airports should perform.

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and its wholly-owned Subsidiary. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain financial information in the footnotes has been rounded to the nearest thousand for presentation purposes.

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-15, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements" ("ASC 605-15"), which requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenues can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.

 

The Company's revenues are generated by selling: (1) subscription-based, real-time decision and solution information and (2) professional services.

Revenues generated from subscription agreements are recognized over the term of such executed agreements and/or the customer's receipt of such data or services. In accordance with ASC 605-15, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists which is evidenced by a signed agreement, the service has been deployed, as applicable, to its hosted servers, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. The Company records revenues pursuant to individual contracts on a month-by-month basis, as outlined by the applicable agreement. In many cases, the Company may invoice respective customers in advance of the specified period, either quarterly or annually, which coincides with the terms of the agreement. In such cases, the Company will defer at the close of each month and/or reporting period, any subscription revenues invoiced for which services have yet to be rendered, in accordance with ASC 605-15. Revenues generated by professional services are recognized when services are provided.

The individual offerings that are included in arrangements with the Company's customers are identified and priced separately to the customer based upon the relative fair value for each individual element sold in the arrangement irrespective of the combination of products and services which are included in a particular arrangement.  As such, the units of accounting are based on each individual element sold, and revenue is allocated to each element based on selling price.  Selling price is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price ("BESP") if neither VSOE or TPE is available. BESP must be determined in a manner that is consistent with that used to determine the price to sell the specific elements on a standalone basis. Best estimate of selling price is established considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices with different classes of customers, geographies and other factors contemplated in negotiating the arrangement with the customer. The Company uses either VSOE or BESP.

From time to time, the Company will enter into an agreement with a customer to receive a one-time fee for rights including, but not limited to, the rights to use certain data at an agreed upon location(s) for a specific use and/or for an unlimited number of users, installation costs associated with the deployment of additions to the Company owned PASSUR Network, or set-up fees associated with new deployments of the Company software solutions.  These fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the term of the agreement or relationship period of such arrangement, whichever is longer, but typically five years.

Deferred revenue is classified on the Company's balance sheet as a liability until such time as revenue from services is properly recognized as revenue in accordance with ASC 605-15 and the corresponding agreement. 

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company's significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, software development costs, the PASSUR Network and income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date, through the issuance of the financial statements, for appropriate accounting and disclosure.

Accounts Receivable

The Company has a history of successfully collecting all amounts due from its customers under the original terms of its subscription agreements without making concessions. The Company records accounts receivables for agreements where amounts due from customers are contractually required and are non-refundable. The carrying amount of accounts receivables is reduced by a valuation allowance that reflects the Company's best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Net accounts receivable is comprised of the monthly, quarterly, or annual committed amounts due from customers pursuant to the terms of each respective customer's agreement. Account receivable balances include amounts attributable to deferred revenues.

The provision for doubtful accounts was $184,000 and $26,000 as of October 31, 2017, and 2016, respectively. In addition to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, the Company considers many factors in estimating its reserve, including historical data, experience, customer types, credit worthiness, and economic trends. The Company monitors its outstanding accounts receivable balances and believes the provision is adequate.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the improvements or the term of the lease, including renewal options expected to be exercised, whichever is shorter.

PASSUR Network

The PASSUR Network is comprised of PASSUR and SMLAT Systems, which include the direct production, shipping, and installation costs incurred for each PASSUR and SMLAT System, which are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to cost of revenues and is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is estimated at five years for SMLAT Systems and seven years for PASSUR Systems. PASSUR and SMLAT Systems which are not installed, raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods components are carried at cost and not depreciated until installed.

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 350-40, "Internal Use Software" ("ASC 350-40"). ASC 350-40 provides guidance for determining whether computer software is internal-use software, and on accounting for the proceeds of computer software originally developed or obtained for internal use and then subsequently sold to the public. It also provides guidance on capitalization of the costs incurred for computer software developed or obtained for internal use. The Company expenses all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of its development, and capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred relating to upgrades and enhancements to the software are capitalized if it is determined that these upgrades or enhancements add additional functionality to the software. Costs incurred to improve and support products after they become available are charged to expense as incurred. The Company records amortization of the software on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, typically over five years within "Cost of Revenues".

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized to the extent the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset is less than the carrying value. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell. The Company evaluates the periods of amortization continually in determining whether later events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. If estimates are changed, the unamortized costs will be allocated to the increased or decreased number of remaining periods in the revised life. As of October 31, 2017, and 2016 based upon management's evaluation of the above asset groups, there is no impairment of these asset groups.

Cost of Revenues

Costs associated with subscription and maintenance revenues consist primarily of direct labor, depreciation of PASSUR and SMLAT Network Systems, amortization of capitalized software development costs, communication costs, data feeds,  travel and entertainment, and consulting fees. Also, included in Cost of Revenues are costs associated with upgrades to PASSUR and SMLAT Systems necessary to make such systems compatible with new software applications, as well as the ordinary repair and maintenance of existing PASSUR and SMLAT Systems. Additionally, cost of revenues in each reporting period is impacted by: (1) the number of PASSUR and SMLAT Systems added to the Network, which includes the cost of production, shipment, and installation of these assets, which are capitalized to the PASSUR Network; and (2) new capitalized costs associated with software development projects. Both of these are referred to as "Capitalized Assets" and are depreciated and/or amortized over their respective useful lives and charged to cost of revenues.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the temporary differences in the tax bases of the assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the Company's financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount currently estimated to be realized.  After considering the impact of the current year loss, including the Company's increased expenses and weighting all available positive and negative evidence, the Company concluded that it was not more likely than not that the net deferred tax asset would be realized.

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Acts was enacted into law.  The new tax legislation represents a fundamental and dramatic shift in US taxation.  The new legislation contains several key tax provisions that will impact us including the reduction of the corporate income tax rate to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  The new legislation also includes a variety of other changes including but not limited to a limitation on the tax deductibility of interest expense, acceleration of business asset expensing and reduction in the amount of executive pay that could qualify as a tax deduction.

ASC 740 requires the Company to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment.  The SEC staff has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No.118 which will allow the recording of provisional amounts during a measurement period, which is similar to the measurement period used when accounting for business combinations.  The Company will continue to assess the impact of the recently enacted tax law on our business and its consolidated financial statements and will reflect the provisional impact of the tax law change in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Net Income per Share Information

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share, except that it reflects the effect of common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, using the treasury stock method in periods in which they have a dilutive effect. Shares used to calculate net income per share for fiscal years 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

		2017				2016
Basic Weighted average shares outstanding			7,693,831				7,679,696
Effect of dilutive stock options			-				50,870
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding			7,693,831				7,730,566
Weighted average shares which are not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because their impact is anti-dilutive. These shares consist of stock options.			1,594,000				1,182,000

Weighted average options to purchase 1,594,000 and 1,182,000 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $1.40 to $5.48 per share that were outstanding during fiscal years 2017 and 2016 were excluded from each respective year's computation of diluted earnings per share. In each of these years, such options' exercise prices exceeded the average market price of our common stock, thereby causing the effect of such options to be anti-dilutive.

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

 

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue includes amounts attributable to advances received or billings related to customer agreements, which are contractually required and are non-refundable, and may be prepaid either annually, quarterly, or monthly. Deferred revenues from such customer agreements are recognized as revenue ratably over the period that coincides with the respective agreement. The Company recognizes initial set-up fee revenues and associated costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the customer relationship period, typically five years.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The recorded amounts of the Company's cash, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values principally because of the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of related party debt is not practicable to determine due primarily to the fact that the Company's related party debt is held by its Chairman and significant shareholder, and the Company does not have any third-party debt with which to compare.

Additionally, on a recurring basis, the Company uses fair value measures when analyzing asset impairments. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If it is determined such indicators are present, and the review indicates that the assets will not be fully recoverable based on the undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset, their carrying values are reduced to estimated fair value.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows FASB ASC 718 "Compensation-Stock Compensation", which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on date of grant, and recognition of stock-based compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such fair value is recognized as an expense over the service period, net of forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense was $578,000 and $401,000 for the year ended October 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and was primarily included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Comprehensive Income

The Company's comprehensive income is equivalent to that of the Company's total net income for fiscal years 2017 and 2016.

Accounting Pronouncements issued but not yet adopted

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No 2017-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation: Topic 718" — Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09"), to clarify when to account for a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new standard, modification is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of an award as equity or liability changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. ASU 2017-09 will be effective for the Company beginning November 1, 2018, and will be applied prospectively.

In March 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on accounting for employee share-based payment awards to simplify the accounting related to several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences of share-based payment transactions, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, forfeitures, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that period, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2018. Early adoption, including adoption in an interim period, is permitted. The standard requires the use of several transition methods including a modified retrospective transition method, retrospective method, and prospective method. The Company is evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, which amends the ASC and creates Topic 842, Leases ("Topic 842"). Topic 842 will require lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP on the balance sheet. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not believe this new accounting standard update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Assets. This ASU is intended to simplify the presentation of deferred taxes on the balance sheet and will require an entity to present all deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as non-current on the balance sheet. Under the current guidance, entities are required to separately present deferred taxes as current or non-current. This guidance will be effective beginning in 2018, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not believe this new accounting standard update will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606" ("ASU 2014-09"), to supersede nearly all-existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP.  The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services, ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing  GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The new standard is effective for the annual period beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that period, which for the Company will be the annual period ending October 31, 2019. Early application as of January 1, 2017, is permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that this new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its financial reporting.

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement (continued)

(1)

Capitalized software – The Company capitalized certain internally developed software costs that did not meet criteria for deferral under ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. During the preparation of its financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2017, management became aware of a potential misapplication of the Internal-Use Software guidance in relation to its accounting for capitalized costs of internally developed software, associated with certain general and administrative expenses (collectively, "G&A costs"). The Company has historically capitalized these G&A costs as part of its capitalized internally developed software. However, the Company revised its application of the internally developed software guidance to expense all G&A costs in the period incurred during the development of internally used software. This correction of an error, which created an over-capitalization of certain software expenses, an understatement of operating expenses, and an overstatement of certain balance sheet accounts, required a restatement of the Company's previously issued financial statements.

(2)

Fixed Assets – The Company capitalized certain fixed asset costs that did not meet criteria for deferral under ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. During the preparation of its financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2017, management became aware of a potential misapplication of the Property, Plant and Equipment guidance in relation to its accounting for capitalized costs associated with the manufacturing and installation of fixed assets, associated with certain general and administrative expenses (collectively, "G&A costs"). The Company has historically capitalized these G&A costs as part of its manufacturing and installation of fixed assets. However, the Company corrected its application of the Property, Plant and Equipment guidance to expense all G&A costs in the period incurred during the manufacturing and installation of property, plant and equipment. This correction of an error, which created an over-capitalization of certain manufacturing and installation costs, an understatement of operating expenses, and an overstatement of certain balance sheet accounts, required a restatement of the Company's previously issued financial statements.

(3)

Income taxes – During the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company recorded approximately $198,000 tax provision as a result of the Company adjusting its deferred tax asset relating to net operating losses in various state jurisdictions the carrying value of certain state deferred tax assets related to periods prior to fiscal year 2016.

 

		October 31, 2015
Select Balance Sheet Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
PASSUR Network, net		$	5,902,751			$	(554,088	)		$	5,348,663				2
Capitalized software development costs, net		$	7,684,603			$	(786,894	)		$	6,897,709				1
Deferred tax asset, non-current		$	1,658,557			$	325,234			$	1,983,791				1-3
Total stockholders' equity		$	11,473,100			$	(1,015,748	)		$	10,457,352				1-3

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement (continued)

		October 31, 2016
Select Balance Sheet Accounts		As Reported				Period Adjustments				Prior Period Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
PASSUR Network, net		$	5,739,753			$	12,756			$	(554,088	)		$	5,198,421				2
Capitalized software development costs, net		$	8,263,533			$	123,399			$	(786,894	)		$	7,600,038				1
Deferred tax asset, non-current		$	1,250,833			$	(53,100	)		$	325,234			$	1,522,967				1-2
Total stockholders' equity		$	12,327,187			$	83,055			$	(1,015,748	)		$	11,394,494				1-2

 

		October 31, 2016
Select Statement of Operations Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Cost of revenues		$	6,377,104			$	(136,155	)		$	6,240,949				1-2
Income from operations		$	1,207,904			$	136,155			$	1,344,059				1-2
Income tax expense		$	589,923			$	53,100			$	643,023				1-2
Net income		$	434,648			$	83,055			$	517,703				1-2
Net income per common share - basic		$	0.06			$	0.01			$	0.07
Net income per common share - diluted		$	0.06			$	0.01			$	0.07
		October 31, 2016
Select Statement of Cash Flows Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Net income		$	434,648			$	83,055			$	517,703				1-2
Depreciation and amortization		$	3,341,349			$	(450,808	)		$	2,890,541				1-2
Provision for deferred taxes		$	540,505			$	53,100			$	593,605
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	4,910,053			$	(314,653	)		$	4,595,400				1-2
PASSUR Network		$	(776,138	)		$	154,040			$	(622,098	)			2
Capitalized software development		$	(2,423,811	)		$	160,613			$	(2,263,198	)			1
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(3,530,126	)		$	314,653			$	(3,215,473	)			1-2

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement (continued)

		Three months ended January 31, 2017
Select Balance Sheet Accounts		As Reported				Period Adjustments				Prior Period Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
PASSUR Network, net		$	5,686,154			$	(18,833	)		$	(541,332	)		$	5,125,989				2
Capitalized software development costs, net		$	8,419,097			$	27,068			$	(663,495	)		$	7,782,670				1
Deferred tax asset, non-current		$	1,165,039			$	-			$	272,134			$	1,437,173
Total stockholders' equity		$	12,212,596			$	8,235			$	(932,693	)		$	11,288,138				1-2
		Six months ended April 30, 2017
Select Balance Sheet Accounts		As Reported				Period Adjustments				Prior Period Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
PASSUR Network, net		$	5,918,106			$	(55,970	)		$	(560,165	)		$	5,301,971				2
Capitalized software development costs, net		$	8,616,778			$	22,783			$	(636,427	)		$	8,003,134				1
Deferred tax asset, non-current		$	1,358,400			$	-			$	272,134			$	1,630,534
Total stockholders' equity		$	12,287,185			$	(33,187	)		$	(924,458	)		$	11,329,540				1-2
		Nine months ended July 31, 2017
Select Balance Sheet Accounts		As Reported				Period Adjustments				Prior Period Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
PASSUR Network, net		$	6,169,478			$	(35,256	)		$	(616,135	)		$	5,518,087				2
Capitalized software development costs, net		$	8,957,601			$	16,449			$	(613,644	)		$	8,360,406				1
Deferred tax asset, non-current		$	1,271,900			$	-			$	272,134			$	1,544,034
Total stockholders' equity		$	11,861,213			$	(18,807	)		$	(957,645	)		$	10,884,761				1-2

 

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement (continued)

 

		Three months ended January 31, 2017
Select Statement of Operations Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Cost of revenues		$	1,690,009			$	(8,235	)		$	1,681,774				1-2
(Loss)/Income from operations		$	(120,467	)		$	8,235			$	(112,232	)			1-2
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		$	94,684			$	(197,749	)		$	(103,065	)			3
Net (loss)/income		$	(256,551	)		$	205,984			$	(50,567	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - basic		$	(0.03	)		$	0.02			$	(0.01	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - diluted		$	(0.03	)		$	0.02			$	(0.01	)
		Three months ended April 30, 2017
Select Statement of Operations Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Cost of revenues		$	1,534,126			$	33,187			$	1,567,313				1-2
(Loss)/Income from operations		$	(185,166	)		$	(33,187	)		$	(218,353	)			1-2
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		$	(192,325	)		$	-			$	(192,325	)
Net (loss)/income		$	(38,112	)		$	(33,187	)		$	(71,299	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - basic		$	0.00			$	(0.01	)		$	(0.01	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - diluted		$	0.00			$	(0.01	)		$	(0.01	)
		Three months ended July 31, 2017
Select Statement of Operations Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Cost of revenues		$	1,489,703			$	18,807			$	1,508,510				1-2
(Loss)/Income from operations		$	(451,460	)		$	(18,807	)		$	(470,267	)			1-2
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		$	86,500			$	-			$	86,500
Net (loss)/income		$	(579,360	)		$	(18,807	)		$	(598,167	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - basic		$	(0.08	)		$	-			$	(0.08	)
Net (loss)/income per common share - diluted		$	(0.08	)		$	-			$	(0.08	)

PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statement (continued)

 

		Three months ended January 31, 2017
Select Statement of Cash Flows Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Net (loss)/income		$	(256,551	)		$	205,984			$	(50,567	)			1-3
Depreciation and amortization		$	857,174			$	(111,256	)		$	745,918				1-2
Provision for deferred taxes		$	85,794			$	(197,749	)		$	(111,955	)			3
Net cash (used in)/ provided by operating activities		$	(124,381	)		$	(103,021	)		$	(227,402	)			1-3
PASSUR Network		$	(162,795	)		$	62,658			$	(100,137	)			2
Capitalized software development		$	(647,432	)		$	40,362			$	(607,070	)			1
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(896,046	)		$	103,021			$	(793,025	)			1-2
		Six months ended April 30, 2017
Select Statement of Cash Flows Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Net (loss)/income		$	(294,663	)		$	172,797			$	(121,866	)			1-3
Depreciation and amortization		$	1,702,760			$	(222,512	)		$	1,480,248				1-2
Provision for deferred taxes		$	(107,567	)		$	(197,749	)		$	(305,316	)			3
Net cash (used in)/ provided by operating activities		$	2,339,774			$	(247,464	)		$	2,092,310				1-3
PASSUR Network		$	(596,533	)		$	162,453			$	(434,080	)			2
Capitalized software development		$	(1,327,848	)		$	85,009			$	(1,242,839	)			1
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(2,021,324	)		$	247,464			$	(1,773,860	)			1-2
		Nine months ended July 31, 2017
Select Statement of Cash Flows Accounts		As Reported				Adjustments				As Restated				Reference
Net (loss)/income		$	(874,024	)		$	153,990			$	(720,034	)			1-3
Depreciation and amortization		$	2,519,500			$	(349,331	)		$	2,170,169				1-2
Provision for deferred taxes		$	(21,067	)		$	(197,749	)		$	(218,816	)			3
Net cash (used in)/ provided by operating activities		$	2,711,495			$	(393,090	)		$	2,318,405				1-3
PASSUR Network		$	(1,023,608	)		$	261,238			$	(762,370	)			2
Capitalized software development		$	(2,144,555	)		$	131,850			$	(2,012,705	)			1
Net cash used in investing activities		$	(3,421,958	)		$	393,090			$	(3,028,868	)			1-2