PATTERSON UTI ENERGY INC - Quarter Report: 2017 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

or

For the transition period from                     to                     

Commission file number 0-22664

Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(281) 765-7100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes ☑     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.          ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐    No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

212,623,506 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, as of April 28, 2017

PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

The following unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited, in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited, in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited, in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PATTERSON-UTI ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Consolidation and Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Except for wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Company has no controlling financial interests in any entity which would require consolidation.

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management of the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes the disclosures included either on the face of the financial statements or herein are sufficient to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the information in conformity with U.S. GAAP have been included. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, as presented herein, was derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Company, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for all of the Company’s operations except for its Canadian operations, which uses the Canadian dollar as its functional currency. The effects of exchange rate changes are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss, which is a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

In 2017, the Company adopted new guidance for the presentation of deferred tax liabilities and assets and such guidance was applied retrospectively, resulting in the retroactive adjustment of current deferred tax assets, net and deferred tax liabilities, net as of December 31, 2016.  During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company changed its reporting segment presentation, as the Company no longer considers its oil and natural gas exploration and production activities to be significant to an understanding of the Company’s results.  The Company now presents the oil and natural gas exploration and production activities, pipe handling components and related technology business and Middle East/North Africa business as “Other,” and “Corporate” reflects only corporate activities.  This change in segment presentation was applied retrospectively to all periods presented herein (See Note 6).

The Company provides a dual presentation of its net loss per common share in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations: Basic net loss per common share (“Basic EPS”) and diluted net loss per common share (“Diluted EPS”).

Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by first allocating earnings between common stockholders and holders of non-vested shares of restricted stock. Basic EPS is then determined by dividing the earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding non-vested shares of restricted stock.

Diluted EPS is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares, including stock options, non-vested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units is determined using the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of non-vested shares of restricted stock is based on the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or the two-class method, assuming a reallocation of undistributed earnings to common stockholders after considering the dilutive effect of potential common shares other than non-vested shares of restricted stock.

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The following table presents information necessary to calculate net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 as well as potentially dilutive securities excluded from the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands, except per share amounts):

2. Acquisitions

On December 12, 2016, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “merger agreement”) with Seventy Seven Energy Inc. (“SSE”).  On April 20, 2017, pursuant to the merger agreement, a subsidiary of the Company was merged with and into SSE, with SSE continuing as the surviving entity and one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries (the “SSE merger”). Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of SSE, in exchange for approximately 46.3 million shares of common stock of the Company (net of 50% of the shares withheld to satisfy tax obligations upon vesting of SSE restricted stock units and excluding up to approximately 0.5 million shares to be issued on or before August 18, 2017 to former holders of SSE restricted stock units that were granted on or after December 12, 2016 for employee retention purposes). Concurrent with the closing of the merger, the Company repaid all of the outstanding debt of SSE totaling $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE).  Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on April 20, 2017, the total fair value of the consideration transferred to effect the acquisition of SSE was approximately $1.5 billion.  On April 20, 2017, following the SSE merger, SSE was merged with and into a newly-formed subsidiary of the Company named Seventy Seven Energy LLC (“SSE LLC”), with SSE LLC continuing as the surviving entity and one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries.

Through the SSE merger, the Company acquired a fleet of 91 drilling rigs, 36 of which the Company considers to be APEX® class rigs. Additionally, through the SSE merger, the Company acquired approximately 500,000 horsepower of modern, efficient fracturing equipment located in the Anadarko Basin and Eagle Ford Shale.  The oilfield rentals business acquired through the SSE merger has a modern, well-maintained fleet of premium rental tools, and it provides specialized services for land-based oil and natural gas drilling, completion and workover activities.  

The Company’s consolidated results of operations will include the results the acquired SSE business beginning with the closing date of the acquisition of April 20, 2017.  Due to the timing of the closing of the acquisition, the Company has not completed the detailed valuation work necessary to determine the required estimates of the fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed and the related allocation of purchase price.  SSE reported total assets of approximately $949 million as of December 31, 2016, consisting of $48.7 million of cash, $99.5 million of accounts receivable, $750 million of property and equipment and $50.8 million of other assets.  The Company’s preliminary allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired will be included in the Company’s future filings.

As this transaction closed subsequent to the end of the first quarter of 2017, the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes do not reflect any amounts relating to SSE.

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3. Stock-based Compensation

The Company uses share-based payments to compensate employees and non-employee directors.  The Company recognizes the cost of share-based payments under the fair-value-based method.  Share-based awards consist of equity instruments in the form of stock options, restricted stock or restricted stock units that have included service conditions and, in certain cases, performance conditions.  The Company’s share-based awards also include share-settled performance unit awards.  Share-settled performance unit awards are accounted for as equity awards.  The Company issues shares of common stock when vested stock options are exercised, when restricted stock is granted and when restricted stock units and share-settled performance unit awards vest.  

Stock Options — The Company estimates the grant date fair values of stock options using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model. Volatility assumptions are based on the historic volatility of the Company’s common stock over the most recent period equal to the expected term of the options as of the date such options are granted. The expected term assumptions are based on the Company’s experience with respect to employee stock option activity. Dividend yield assumptions are based on the expected dividends at the time the options are granted. The risk-free interest rate assumptions are determined by reference to United States Treasury yields. No options were granted in the three months ended March 31, 2017. Weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair values for stock options granted for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 follow:

Stock option activity from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017 follows:

Restricted Stock — For all restricted stock awards made to date, shares of common stock were issued when the awards were made. Non-vested shares are subject to forfeiture for failure to fulfill service conditions and, in certain cases, performance conditions. Non-forfeitable dividends are paid on non-vested shares of restricted stock. The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize periodic compensation cost over the vesting period.

Restricted stock activity from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017 follows:

Restricted Stock Units — For all restricted stock unit awards made to date, shares of common stock are not issued until the units vest.  Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture for failure to fulfill service conditions.  Non-forfeitable cash dividend equivalents are paid on certain non-vested restricted stock units.  The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize periodic compensation cost over the vesting period.

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Restricted stock unit activity from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2017 follows:

Performance Unit Awards.  The Company has granted stock-settled performance unit awards to certain executive officers (the “Performance Units”) on an annual basis since 2010.  The Performance Units provide for the recipients to receive a grant of shares of common stock upon the achievement of certain performance goals during a specified period established by the Compensation Committee.  The performance period for the Performance Units is the three-year period commencing on April 1 of the year of grant, except that for the Performance Units granted in 2013 the performance period was extended pursuant to its terms, as described below.  

The performance goals for the Performance Units are tied to the Company’s total shareholder return for the performance period as compared to total shareholder return for a peer group determined by the Compensation Committee.  These goals are considered to be market conditions under the relevant accounting standards and the market conditions were factored into the determination of the fair value of the respective Performance Units.  Generally, the recipients will receive a target number of shares if the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period is positive and, when compared to the peer group, is at the 50^th percentile.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period is positive and, when compared to the peer group, is at the 75^th percentile or higher, then the recipients will receive two times the target number of shares.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period is positive, and, when compared to the peer group, is at the 25^th percentile, then the recipients will only receive one-half of the target number of shares.  If the Company’s total shareholder return during the performance period is positive and, when compared to the peer group, is between the 25^th and 75^th percentile, then the shares to be received by the recipients will be determined on a pro-rata basis.  For the Performance Units awarded prior to 2016, there is no payout unless the Company’s total shareholder return is positive and, when compared to the peer group, is at or above the 25^th percentile.  

For the Performance Units granted in April 2016, if the Company’s total shareholder return is negative, and, when compared to the peer group is at or above the 25th percentile, then the recipients will receive one-half of the number of shares they would have received had the Company’s total shareholder return been positive.

In respect of the 2013 Performance Units, for which the performance period ended March 31, 2016, the Company’s total shareholder return for the performance period was negative, the Company’s total shareholder return for the performance period when compared to the peer group was above the 75^th percentile, and there was no payout; provided, however, that pursuant to the terms of those 2013 awards, if, during the two-year period ending March 31, 2018, the Company’s total shareholder return for any 30 consecutive day period equals or exceeds 18 percent on an annualized basis from April 1, 2013 through the last day of such 30 consecutive day period, and the recipient is actively employed by the Company through the last day of the extended performance period, then the Company will issue to the recipient the number of shares equal to the amount the recipient would have been entitled to receive had the Company’s total shareholder return been positive during the initial three-year performance period.

The total target number of shares with respect to the Performance Units for the awards in 2013-2016 is set forth below:

Because the performance units are stock-settled awards, they are accounted for as equity awards and measured at fair value on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the Performance Units is set forth below (in thousands):

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These fair value amounts are charged to expense on a straight-line basis over the performance period. Compensation expense associated with the Performance Units is shown below (in thousands):

4. Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable (a “triggering event”).  Based on recent commodity prices, the Company’s results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2017 and management’s expectations of operating results in future periods, the Company concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 with respect to its contract drilling or pressure pumping segments.  Management’s expectations of future operating results were based on the assumption that activity levels in both segments will continue to increase throughout 2017 if prices for these commodities remain at or above current levels.  

The Company reviews its proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever a triggering event occurs, such as downward revisions in reserve estimates or decreases in expected future oil and natural gas prices.  Proved properties are grouped by field, and undiscounted cash flow estimates are prepared based on the Company’s expectation of future pricing over the lives of the respective fields.  These cash flow estimates are reviewed by an independent petroleum engineer.  If the net book value of a field exceeds its undiscounted cash flow estimate, impairment expense is measured and recognized as the difference between net book value and fair value.  The fair value estimates used in measuring impairment are based on internally developed unobservable inputs including reserve volumes and future production, pricing and operating costs (Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting).  The expected future net cash flows are discounted using an annual rate of 10% to determine fair value.  The Company reviews unproved oil and natural gas properties quarterly to assess potential impairment.  The Company’s impairment assessment is made on a lease-by-lease basis and considers factors such as the Company’s intent to drill, lease terms and abandonment of an area.  If an unproved property is determined to be impaired, the related property costs are expensed.  Impairment expense related to proved and unproved oil and natural gas properties totaled $503,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and is included in depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.   

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6. Business Segments

The Company’s revenues, loss before income taxes and identifiable assets are primarily attributable to two business segments: (i) contract drilling of oil and natural gas wells and (ii) pressure pumping services. Each of these segments represents a distinct type of business and has a separate management team that reports to the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The results of operations in these segments are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of determining resource allocation and assessing performance.

The following tables summarize selected financial information relating to the Company’s business segments (in thousands):

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7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill — All of the Company’s goodwill at both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 related to the contract drilling operating segment.  Goodwill as of March 31, 2017 and changes for the three months then ended are as follows (in thousands):

There were no accumulated impairment losses related to goodwill as of March 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Goodwill is evaluated at least annually as of December 31, or when circumstances require, to determine if the fair value of recorded goodwill has decreased below its carrying value.  For impairment testing purposes, goodwill is evaluated at the reporting unit level.  The Company’s reporting units for impairment testing are its operating segments.  The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value after considering qualitative, market and other factors, and if this is the case, any necessary goodwill impairment is determined using a two-step quantitative impairment test.  From time to time, the Company may perform the first step of the quantitative testing for goodwill impairment in lieu of performing the qualitative assessment.  The first step of the quantitative testing is to compare the fair value of an entity’s reporting units to the respective carrying value of those reporting units.  If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the quantitative testing is performed whereby the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to its identifiable tangible assets, intangible assets and liabilities with any remaining fair value representing the fair value of goodwill.  If this resulting fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized for the amount of the shortfall.

Intangible Assets — Intangible assets were recorded in the pressure pumping operating segment in connection with the fourth quarter 2010 acquisition of the assets of a pressure pumping business. As a result of the purchase price allocation, the Company recorded an intangible asset related to the customer relationships acquired. The intangible asset was recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition.

The value of the customer relationships was estimated using a multi-period excess earnings model to determine the present value of the projected cash flows associated with the customers in place at the time of the acquisition and taking into account a contributory asset charge. The resulting intangible asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over seven years. Amortization expense of approximately $911,000 was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.

The following table presents the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the customer relationships as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

8. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

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9. Asset Retirement Obligation

The Company records a liability for the estimated costs to be incurred in connection with the abandonment of oil and natural gas properties in the future. This liability is included in the caption “other” in the liabilities section of the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The following table describes the changes to the Company’s asset retirement obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2017 (in thousands):

10. Long Term Debt

2012 Credit Agreement — On September 27, 2012, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Base Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, letter of credit issuer, swing line lender and lender, and each of the other lenders party thereto. The Base Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) is a committed senior unsecured credit facility that includes a revolving credit facility.

On July 8, 2016, the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”), which amended the Base Credit Agreement to, among other things, make borrowing under the revolving credit facility subject to a borrowing base calculated by reference to the Company’s and certain of its subsidiaries’ eligible equipment, inventory, account receivable and unencumbered cash as described in Amendment No. 2.  The revolving credit facility contains a letter of credit facility that is limited to $50 million and a swing line facility that is limited to $20 million, in each case outstanding at any time. The maturity date under the Base Credit Agreement is September 27, 2017 for the revolving facility; however, Amendment No. 2 extended the maturity date of $357.9 million in revolving credit commitments of certain lenders to March 27, 2019.  On January 17, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, which amended the Credit Agreement by restating the definition of Consolidated EBITDA to provide for the add-back of transaction expenses related to the SSE merger.  On January 24, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with certain lenders under its revolving credit facility to increase the aggregate commitments under its revolving credit facility to approximately $595.8 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The aggregate commitment increase became effective on April 20, 2017 upon the consummation of the SSE merger and the repayment and termination of the SSE credit facility. On April 20, 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement which permitted outstanding letters of credit under the SSE credit facility to be deemed to be incurred under the Company’s credit facility and increased the amount of the accordion feature of the Company’s revolving credit facility to permit aggregate commitments to be increased to an amount not to exceed $700 million (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and the procurement of additional commitments from new or existing lenders). On April 20, 2017, the Company also entered into an additional commitment increase agreement with certain of its lenders pursuant to which total commitments available under the Company’s revolving credit facility (after giving effect to both commitment increases) increased to $632 million through September 2017 and to $490 million through March 2019.

Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest by reference, at the Company’s election, to the LIBOR rate or base rate, provided, that swing line loans bear interest by reference only to the base rate. Until September 27, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans varies from 2.75% to 3.25% and the applicable margin on base rate loans varies from 1.75% to 2.25%, in each case determined based upon the Company’s debt to capitalization ratio. Beginning September 27, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans varies from 3.25% to 3.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans varies from 2.25% to 2.75%, in each case determined based on the Company’s excess availability under the revolving credit facility.  As of March 31, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans was 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans was 1.75%. Based on the Company’s debt to capitalization ratio at December 31, 2016, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans is 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans is 1.75% as of April 1, 2017.  Based on the Company’s debt to capitalization ratio at March 31, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans will be 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans will be 1.75% as of July 1, 2017.  A letter of credit fee is payable by the Company equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans times the daily amount available to be drawn under outstanding letters of credit. The commitment fee rate payable to the lenders for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility is 0.50%.

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Each domestic subsidiary of the Company unconditionally guarantees all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of the other guarantors and the Company arising under the Credit Agreement, other than (a) Ambar Lone Star Fluid Services LLC, (b) domestic subsidiaries that directly or indirectly have no material assets other than equity interests in, or capitalization indebtedness owed by, foreign subsidiaries, and (c) any subsidiary having total assets of less than $1 million. Such guarantees also cover obligations of the Company and any subsidiary of the Company arising under any interest rate swap contract with any person while such person is a lender or an affiliate of a lender under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement requires compliance with two financial covenants. The Company must not permit its debt to capitalization ratio to exceed 40%. The Credit Agreement generally defines the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter. The Company also must not permit its interest coverage ratio as of the last day of a fiscal quarter to be less than 3.00 to 1.00. The Credit Agreement generally defines the interest coverage ratio as the ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of the four prior fiscal quarters to interest charges for the same period. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2017.  

The Credit Agreement limits the Company’s ability to make investments in foreign subsidiaries or joint ventures such that, if the book value of all such investments since September 27, 2012 is above 20% of the total consolidated book value of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a pro forma basis, the Company will not be able to make such investment.  The Credit Agreement also restricts the Company’s ability to pay dividends and make equity repurchases, subject to certain exceptions, including an exception allowing such restricted payments if, before and immediately after giving effect to such restricted payment, the Pro Forma Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is at least 1.50 to 1.00.  In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that, if the consolidated cash balance of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to certain exclusions, is more than $100 million at the end of the day on which a borrowing is made, the Company can only use the proceeds from such borrowing to fund acquisitions, capital expenditures and the repurchase of indebtedness, and if such proceeds are not used in such manner within three business days, the Company must repay such unused proceeds on the fourth business day following such borrowings.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants.

Events of default under the Credit Agreement include failure to pay principal or interest when due, failure to comply with the financial and operational covenants, as well as a cross default event, loan document enforceability event, change of control event and bankruptcy and other insolvency events. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, then a majority of the lenders have the right, among others, to (i) terminate the commitments under the Credit Agreement, (ii) accelerate and require the Company to repay all the outstanding amounts owed under any loan document (provided that in limited circumstances with respect to insolvency and bankruptcy of the Company, such acceleration is automatic), and (iii) require the Company to cash collateralize any outstanding letters of credit.

As of March 31, 2017, the Company had no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility, with available borrowing capacity of $500 million.

2015 Reimbursement Agreement — On March 16, 2015, the Company entered into a Reimbursement Agreement (the “Reimbursement Agreement”) with The Bank of Nova Scotia (“Scotiabank”), pursuant to which the Company may from time to time request that Scotiabank issue an unspecified amount of letters of credit.  As of March 31, 2017, the Company had $38.2 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Reimbursement Agreement.  

Under the terms of the Reimbursement Agreement, the Company will reimburse Scotiabank on demand for any amounts that Scotiabank has disbursed under any letters of credit.  Fees, charges and other reasonable expenses for the issuance of letters of credit are payable by the Company at the time of issuance at such rates and amounts as are in accordance with Scotiabank’s prevailing practice.  The Company is obligated to pay to Scotiabank interest on all amounts not paid by the Company on the date of demand or when otherwise due at the LIBOR rate plus 2.25% per annum, calculated daily and payable monthly, in arrears, on the basis of a calendar year for the actual number of days elapsed, with interest on overdue interest at the same rate as on the reimbursement amounts.

The Company has also agreed that if obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on any of its or any of its subsidiaries’ property, then the Company’s reimbursement obligations and (to the extent similar obligations would be secured under the Credit Agreement) other obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement and any letters of credit will be equally and ratably secured by all property subject to such liens securing the Credit Agreement.

Pursuant to a Continuing Guaranty dated as of March 16, 2015, the Company’s payment obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed as to payment and not as to collection by subsidiaries of the Company that from time to time guarantee payment under the Credit Agreement.

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Senior Notes — On October 5, 2010, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.97% Series A Senior Notes due October 5, 2020 (the “Series A Notes”) in a private placement. The Series A Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.97% per annum. The Company pays interest on the Series A Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series A Notes will mature on October 5, 2020.

On June 14, 2012, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.27% Series B Senior Notes due June 14, 2022 (the “Series B Notes”) in a private placement. The Series B Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.27% per annum. The Company pays interest on the Series B Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series B Notes will mature on June 14, 2022.

The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company which rank equally in right of payment with all other unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company. The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of the existing domestic subsidiaries of the Company other than subsidiaries that are not required to be guarantors under the Credit Agreement.

The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are prepayable at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, provided that in the case of a partial prepayment, prepayment must be in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding, at any time and from time to time at 100% of the principal amount prepaid, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the prepayment date, plus a “make-whole” premium as specified in the note purchase agreements. The Company must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of any change of control. In addition, the Company must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of certain asset dispositions if the proceeds therefrom are not timely reinvested in productive assets. If any offer to prepay is accepted, the purchase price of each prepaid note is 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the prepayment date.

The respective note purchase agreements require compliance with two financial covenants. The Company must not permit its debt to capitalization ratio to exceed 50% at any time. The note purchase agreements generally define the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter. The Company also must not permit its interest coverage ratio as of the last day of a fiscal quarter to be less than 2.50 to 1.00. The note purchase agreements generally define the interest coverage ratio as the ratio of EBITDA for the four prior fiscal quarters to interest charges for the same period. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2017.

Events of default under the note purchase agreements include failure to pay principal or interest when due, failure to comply with the financial and operational covenants, a cross default event, a judgment in excess of a threshold event, the guaranty agreement ceasing to be enforceable, the occurrence of certain ERISA events, a change of control event and bankruptcy and other insolvency events. If an event of default under the note purchase agreements occurs and is continuing, then holders of a majority in principal amount of the respective notes have the right to declare all the notes then-outstanding to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if the Company defaults in payments on any note, then until such defaults are cured, the holder thereof may declare all the notes held by it pursuant to the note purchase agreement to be immediately due and payable.

Commitment Letter – On December 12, 2016, in connection with execution of the merger agreement, the Company entered into a financing commitment letter (the “Commitment Letter”) with Canyon Capital Advisors LLC for a senior unsecured bridge facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $150 million (the “Bridge Facility”), for the purposes of repaying or redeeming certain of SSE and its subsidiaries’ indebtedness and to pay related fees and expenses.  The Company did not utilize the Bridge Facility prior to the SSE merger closing on April 20, 2017, and the Commitment Letter terminated on the closing date of the SSE merger.  

Debt issuance costs are deferred and recognized as interest expense over the term of the underlying debt.  Interest expense related to the amortization of debt issuance costs was approximately $626,000 and $745,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.  

Presented below is a schedule of the principal repayment requirements of long-term debt as of March 31, 2017 (in thousands):

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11. Commitments and Contingencies     

As of March 31, 2017, the Company maintained letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $38.2 million for the benefit of various insurance companies as collateral for retrospective premiums and retained losses which could become payable under the terms of the underlying insurance contracts. These letters of credit expire annually at various times during the year and are typically renewed. As of March 31, 2017, no amounts had been drawn under the letters of credit.

As of March 31, 2017, the Company had commitments to purchase approximately $113.7 million of major equipment for its drilling and pressure pumping businesses.

The Company’s pressure pumping business has entered into agreements to purchase minimum quantities of proppants and chemicals from certain vendors. These agreements expire in 2017, 2018 and 2021. As of March 31, 2017, the remaining obligation under these agreements was approximately $51.3 million, of which approximately $6.5 million relates to purchases required during the remainder of 2017. In the event the required minimum quantities are not purchased during any contract year, the Company could be required to make a liquidated damages payment to the respective vendor for any shortfall.

The Company is party to various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of its business.  The Company does not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

12. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Offering – On January 27, 2017, the Company completed an offering of 18.2 million shares of its common stock.  Concurrent with the closing of the SSE merger, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to repay SSE’s outstanding indebtedness of approximately $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE), and the remainder of the proceeds has been or will be used for general corporate purposes.  

Cash Dividends — The Company paid cash dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 as follows:

On April 26, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a cash dividend on its common stock in the amount of $0.02 per share to be paid on June 22, 2017 to holders of record as of June 8, 2017. The amount and timing of all future dividend payments, if any, are subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon business conditions, results of operations, financial condition, terms of the Company’s debt agreements and other factors.

On September 6, 2013, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock buyback program that authorizes purchase of up to $200 million of the Company’s common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. As of March 31, 2017, the Company had remaining authorization to purchase approximately $187 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock under the stock buyback program. Shares purchased under a buyback program are accounted for as treasury stock.

  Treasury stock acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

On April 20, 2017, pursuant to the merger agreement, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of SSE, in exchange for approximately 46.3 million shares of common stock of the Company (net of 50% of the shares

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withheld to satisfy tax obligations upon vesting of SSE restricted stock units and excluding up to approximately 0.5 million shares to be issued on or before August 18, 2017 to former holders of SSE restricted stock units that were granted on or after December 12, 2016 for employee retention purposes).

13. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 36.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to 33.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2016.  The difference in the effective tax rate is primarily related to the impact from lost benefits of previous IRC section 199 deductions due to net operating loss carrybacks filed during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

14. Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of these items. These fair value estimates are considered Level 1 fair value estimates in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding debt balances as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is set forth below (in thousands):

The fair values of the Series A Notes and Series B Notes at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are based on discounted cash flows associated with the respective notes using current market rates of interest at those respective dates.  For the Series A Notes, the current market rates used in measuring this fair value were 4.61% at March 31, 2017 and 6.65% at December 31, 2016.  For the Series B Notes, the current market rates used in measuring this fair value were 4.96% at March 31, 2017 and 7.02% at December 31, 2016. These fair value estimates are based on observable market inputs and are considered Level 2 fair value estimates in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting.

15. Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers.  Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services.  This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty, if any, of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  The Company expects to adopt this new revenue guidance utilizing the retrospective method of adoption in the first quarter of 2018, and because the Company is still evaluating the portion of its contract drilling revenues that will be subject to the new leasing guidance discussed below, it is unable to quantify the impact that the new revenue standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the accounting for leasing transactions.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.  Since a portion of the Company’s contract drilling revenue will be subject to this new leasing guidance, it expects to adopt this updated leasing guidance at the same time its adopts the new revenue standard discussed above, utilizing the retrospective method of adoption.  Upon adoption of these two new standards, the Company expects to have a lease component and a service component of revenue related to its drilling contracts.  The Company is still evaluating the impact of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.  This new leasing guidance will also impact the Company in situations where it is the lessee, and in certain circumstances it will have a right-of-use asset and lease liability on its consolidated financial statements.  The Company has not quantified the impact of this guidance to such situations, although it expects the future minimum rental payments disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 will provide some visibility into the estimated adoption impact on the Company.

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In November 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the presentation of deferred tax liabilities and assets.  Under this guidance, for a particular tax-paying component of an entity and within a particular tax jurisdiction, all deferred tax liabilities and assets, as well as any related valuation allowance, shall be offset and presented as a single noncurrent amount. This guidance became effective for the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of this update was applied retrospectively, resulting in the retroactive adjustment of current deferred tax assets, net and deferred tax liabilities, net as of December 31, 2016.  The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the related income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows.  This guidance became effective for the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2017.  The Company believes this guidance will cause volatility in its effective tax rates and diluted earnings per share due to the tax effects related to share-based payments being recorded in the statement of operations.  The volatility in future periods will depend on the Company’s stock price and the number of shares that vest in the case of restricted stock, or the number of shares that are exercised in the case of stock options.  

In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standard to clarify the presentation of cash receipts and payments in specific situations on the statement of cash flows.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standard to eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  An entity will now perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount.  An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, but the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates on or after January 1, 2017.  The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and other public filings and press releases by us contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These “forward-looking statements” involve risk and uncertainty. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to: liquidity; revenue and cost expectations and backlog; financing of operations; oil and natural gas prices; rig counts, source and sufficiency of funds required for building new equipment, upgrading existing equipment and additional acquisitions (if opportunities arise); impact of inflation; demand for our services; competition; equipment availability; government regulation; debt service obligations; and other matters. Our forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and often use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budgeted,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict”, “potential”, “project,” “pursue,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” or “will,” or the negative thereof and other words and expressions of similar meaning. The forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses we make in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances.

On April 20, 2017, we completed our previously announced merger with Seventy Seven Energy Inc. (“SSE”), pursuant to which a subsidiary of ours was merged with and into SSE, with SSE continuing as the surviving entity and one of our wholly owned subsidiaries (the “SSE merger”).  These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, our expectations with respect to:

•future financial and operating results of the combined company; and

•the combined company’s plans, objectives, expectations and intentions with respect to future operations and services.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from actual future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.  These risks and uncertainties also include those set forth under “Risk Factors,” set forth in Item 1A of Part II of this Report, as well, as among others, risks and uncertainties relating to:

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We caution that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive.  Additional information concerning these and other risk factors is contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and other SEC filings. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made and, other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In the event that we update any forward-looking statement, no inference should be made that we will make additional updates with respect to that statement, related matters or any other forward-looking statements.  All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning us, the SSE merger or other matters and attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements above.

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ITEM 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Recent Developments — On December 12, 2016, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “merger agreement”) with Seventy Seven Energy Inc. (“SSE”).  On April 20, 2017, pursuant to the merger agreement, a subsidiary of ours was merged with and into SSE, with SSE continuing as the surviving entity and one of our wholly owned subsidiaries (the “SSE merger”). Pursuant to the terms of the merger agreement, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of SSE, in exchange for approximately 46.3 million shares of our common stock (net of 50% of the shares withheld to satisfy tax obligations upon vesting of SSE restricted stock units and excluding up to approximately 0.5 million shares to be issued on or before August 18, 2017 to former holders of SSE restricted stock units that were granted on or after December 12, 2016 for employee retention purposes).  Concurrent with the closing of the merger, we repaid all of the outstanding debt of SSE totaling $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE).  Based on the closing price of our common stock on April 20, 2017, the total fair value of the consideration transferred to effect the acquisition of SSE was approximately $1.5 billion.  On April 20, 2017, following the SSE merger, SSE was merged with and into our newly-formed subsidiary named Seventy Seven Energy LLC (“SSE LLC”), with SSE LLC continuing as the surviving entity and one of our wholly owned subsidiaries.

Through the SSE merger, we have acquired a fleet of 91 drilling rigs, 36 of which we consider to be APEX® class rigs. Additionally, through the SSE merger, we have acquired approximately 500,000 horsepower of modern, efficient fracturing equipment located in the Anadarko Basin and Eagle Ford Shale.  The oilfield rentals business acquired through the SSE merger has a modern, well-maintained fleet of premium rental tools, and provides specialized services for land-based oil and natural gas drilling, completion and workover activities.  Unless otherwise expressly indicated, operational data in the discussion and analysis below does not include information with respect to SSE because the SSE merger closed subsequent to March 31, 2017.

On January 27, 2017, we completed an offering of 18.2 million shares of our common stock. Concurrent with the closing of the SSE merger, we used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to repay SSE’s outstanding indebtedness of approximately $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE), and the remainder of the proceeds has been or will be used for general corporate purposes.

On January 24, 2017, we entered into an agreement with certain lenders under our revolving credit facility to increase the aggregate commitments under our revolving credit facility to approximately $595.8 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The aggregate commitment increase became effective on April 20, 2017 upon the consummation of the SSE merger and the repayment and termination of the SSE credit facility. On April 20, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement which permitted outstanding letters of credit under the SSE credit facility to be deemed to be incurred under our credit facility and increased the amount of the accordion feature of our revolving credit facility to permit aggregate commitments to be increased to an amount not to exceed $700 million (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and the procurement of additional commitments from new or existing lenders).  On April 20, 2017, we also entered into an additional commitment increase agreement with certain of our lenders pursuant to which total commitments available under our revolving credit facility (after giving effect to both commitment increases) increased to $632 million through September 2017 and to $490 million through March 2019.

The closing price of oil was as high as $107.95 per barrel in June 2014.  Prices began to fall in the third quarter of 2014 and reached a twelve-year low of $26.19 in February 2016.  Oil and natural gas prices have recovered substantially from the lows experienced in the first quarter of 2016.  During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and certain non-OPEC countries, including Russia, announced an agreement to cut oil production. The announcement resulted in an increase in oil prices, which averaged $51.97 per barrel in December 2016 and $51.76 per barrel in the first quarter of 2017.  In response to improved prices, U.S. rig counts have been increasing, and we believe they will continue to increase throughout 2017 if prices for these commodities remain at or above current levels.  

Our rig count in the United States declined significantly during the industry downturn that began in late 2014, but has steadily improved on a monthly basis since May 2016.  For the first quarter of 2017, our average rig count improved to 81 rigs in the United States, which was an increase from an average of 66 rigs in the fourth quarter of 2016.  Our rig count in the United States at March 31, 2017 of 92 rigs was 77% greater than the low of 52 rigs in April 2016 and 57% less than the high of 214 rigs in October 2014.  Term contracts have supported our operating rig count during the last three years.  Based on contracts currently in place, including for rigs acquired from the SSE merger, we expect an average of 84 rigs operating under term contracts during the second quarter of 2017 and an average of 61 rigs operating under term contracts during the twelve months ending March 31, 2018.

Activity levels in our pressure pumping business have also improved.  Looking forward, we expect to see further increases in activity across the industry, especially in the Permian Basin.  We have reactivated four frac spreads since December 2016.  Two of these frac spreads were reactivated in April, and we have plans to reactivate additional frac spreads in the third quarter.  Approximately 30% of the more than 1.5 million hydraulic fracturing horsepower in our fleet, including the hydraulic fracturing horsepower acquired from the SSE merger, remains stacked.  We expect the cost to reactivate our remaining idle frac spreads would average approximately $3 million to $4 million per frac spread, including both operating and capital expenditures.

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Management Overview — We are a Houston, Texas-based oilfield services company that primarily owns and operates in the United States one of the largest fleets of land-based drilling rigs and a large fleet of pressure pumping equipment.  Our contract drilling business operates in the continental United States and western Canada, and we are pursuing contract drilling opportunities outside of North America.  Our pressure pumping and oilfield rental tools businesses operate primarily in Texas and the Mid-Continent and Appalachian regions.  We also manufacture and sell pipe handling components and related technology to drilling contractors in North America and other select markets.  In addition, we own and invest, as a non-operating working interest owner, in oil and natural gas assets that are primarily located in Texas and New Mexico.  

We have addressed our customers’ needs for drilling horizontal wells in shale and other unconventional resource plays by expanding our areas of operation and improving the capabilities of our drilling fleet during the last several years.  As of March 31, 2017, our rig fleet included 161 APEX^® rigs. We have added one new APEX^® rig to our fleet since March 31, 2017, and we expect to add one new APEX^® rig to our fleet during the remainder of 2017.  These additions do not include the 36 APEX^® class rigs that we added to our fleet from the SSE merger.

In connection with the development of horizontal shale and other unconventional resource plays, we have added equipment to perform service intensive fracturing jobs. As of March 31, 2017, we had approximately 1.1 million hydraulic horsepower in our pressure pumping fleet (approximately 1.0 million of which was hydraulic fracturing horsepower). We have increased the horsepower of our pressure pumping fleet by more than eight-fold since the beginning of 2009, which does not include horsepower acquired through the SSE merger. In recent years, the industry-wide addition of new pressure pumping equipment to the marketplace and lower oil and natural gas prices have led to an excess supply of pressure pumping equipment in North America.

We maintain a backlog of commitments for contract drilling revenues under term contracts, which we define as contracts with a fixed term of six months or more.  Our contract drilling backlog as of March 31, 2017 was approximately $385 million. More than 35% of the total March 31, 2017 backlog is reasonably expected to remain at the end of 2017.  The foregoing backlog information does not include contracts acquired through the SSE merger.  We generally calculate our backlog by multiplying the dayrate under our term drilling contracts by the number of days remaining under the contract.  The calculation does not include any revenues related to other fees such as for mobilization, demobilization and customer reimbursables, nor does it include potential reductions in rates for unscheduled standby or during periods in which the rig is moving or incurring maintenance and repair time in excess of what is permitted under the drilling contract.  In addition, our term drilling contracts are generally subject to termination by the customer on short notice and provide for an early termination payment to us in the event the contract is terminated by the customer.  For contracts on which we have received an early termination notice, our backlog calculation includes the early termination rate, instead of the dayrate, for the period over which we expect to receive the lower rate.  

For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, our operating revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):

Generally, the profitability of our business has been impacted most by two primary factors in our contract drilling segment: our average number of rigs operating and our average revenue per operating day.  During the first quarter of 2017, our average number of rigs operating was 81 in the United States and two in Canada, compared to 71 in the United States and three in Canada in the first quarter of 2016. Our average revenue per operating day was $21,200 in the first quarter of 2017, including $1.9 million of early termination revenue, compared to $25,340 in the first quarter of 2016, including $16.8 million of early termination revenue.  The profitability of our pressure pumping segment has been impacted most by our number of fracturing jobs and our average revenue per fracturing job.  We had 95 fracturing jobs during the first quarter of 2017, compared to 83 fracturing jobs during the first quarter of 2016.  Our average revenue per fracturing job was $1.451 million in the first quarter of 2017 and $1.133 million in the first quarter of 2016.  Our consolidated net loss for the first quarter of 2017 was $63.5 million, compared to a consolidated net loss of $70.5 million for the first quarter of 2016.  

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Our revenues, profitability and cash flows are highly dependent upon prevailing prices for oil and natural gas. During periods of improved commodity prices, the capital spending budgets of oil and natural gas operators tend to expand, which generally results in increased demand for our services. Conversely, in periods when these commodity prices deteriorate, the demand for our services generally weakens, and we experience downward pressure on pricing for our services.  While we have seen recent improvement, there continues to be uncertainty with respect to the global economic environment, and oil and natural gas prices and our monthly average number of rigs operating remain significantly below levels in 2014.  In March 2017, our average number of rigs operating was 88 in the United States and two in Canada. Our rig count in the United States at April 27, 2017 was 156 rigs, including rigs acquired in the SSE merger.

We are also highly impacted by operational risks, competition, the availability of excess equipment, labor issues, weather and various other factors that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Please see “Risk Factors” included in Part II of this Report and in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Our liquidity as of March 31, 2017 included approximately $436 million in working capital, including $467 million of cash and cash equivalents, and $500 million available under our revolving credit facility.  In connection with the consummation of the SSE merger on April 20, 2017, we repaid SSE’s outstanding indebtedness of $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE).  As of April 28, 2017, we had $60.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility.  

On January 24, 2017, we entered into an agreement with certain lenders under our revolving credit facility to increase the aggregate commitments under our revolving credit facility to approximately $595.8 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The aggregate commitment increase became effective on April 20, 2017 upon the consummation of the SSE merger and the repayment and termination of the SSE credit facility. On April 20, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement which permitted outstanding letters of credit under the SSE credit facility to be deemed to be incurred under our credit facility and increased the amount of the accordion feature of our revolving credit facility to permit aggregate commitments to be increased to an amount not to exceed $700 million (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and the procurement of additional commitments from new or existing lenders).  On April 20, 2017, we also entered into an additional commitment increase agreement with certain of our lenders pursuant to which total commitments available under our revolving credit facility (after giving effect to both commitment increases) increased to $632 million through September 2017 and to $490 million through March 2019.

We believe our current liquidity, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, should provide us with sufficient ability to fund our current plans to maintain and make improvements to our existing equipment, service our debt, pay cash dividends and finance working capital requirements during a recovery.  If under current market conditions we desire to pursue opportunities for growth that require additional capital, we believe such pursuit would likely require additional debt or equity financing.  However, there can be no assurance that such capital will be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

Commitments and Contingencies — As of March 31, 2017, we maintained letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $38.2 million for the benefit of various insurance companies as collateral for retained losses which could become payable under the terms of the underlying insurance contracts. These letters of credit expire annually at various times during the year and are typically renewed. As of March 31, 2017, no amounts had been drawn under the letters of credit.

As of March 31, 2017, we had commitments to purchase approximately $113.7 million of major equipment for our drilling and pressure pumping businesses.

Our pressure pumping business has entered into agreements to purchase minimum quantities of proppants and chemicals from certain vendors. These agreements expire in 2017, 2018 and 2021. As of March 31, 2017, the remaining obligation under these agreements was approximately $51.3 million, of which approximately $6.5 million relates to purchases required during the remainder of 2017. In the event the required minimum quantities are not purchased during any contract year, we could be required to make a liquidated damages payment to the respective vendor for any shortfall.

Trading and Investing — We have not engaged in trading activities that include high-risk securities, such as derivatives and non-exchange traded contracts. We invest cash primarily in highly liquid, short-term investments such as overnight deposits and money market accounts.

Description of Business — We are a Houston, Texas-based oilfield services company that primarily owns and operates in the United States one of the largest fleets of land-based drilling rigs and a large fleet of pressure pumping equipment.  Our contract drilling business operates in the continental United States and western Canada, and we are pursuing contract drilling opportunities outside of North America.  Our pressure pumping and oilfield rental tools businesses operate primarily in Texas and the Mid-Continent and Appalachian regions.  We also manufacture and sell pipe handling components and related technology to drilling contractors in North America and other select markets.  In addition, we own and invest, as a non-operating working interest owner, in oil and natural gas assets that are primarily located in Texas and New Mexico.  

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The North American oil and natural gas services industry is cyclical and at times experiences downturns in demand. During these periods, there have been substantially more drilling rigs and pressure pumping equipment available than necessary to meet demand. As a result, drilling and pressure pumping contractors have had difficulty sustaining profit margins and, at times, have incurred losses during the downturn periods.  The North American oil and natural gas services industry has recently experienced a severe downturn; however, in response to improved commodity prices, U.S. rig counts have been increasing, and we believe they will continue to increase throughout 2017 if prices for these commodities remain at or above current levels.

Construction of new technology drilling rigs increased significantly in the years preceding the recent industry downturn. The addition of new technology drilling rigs to the market, combined with a reduction in the drilling of vertical wells, has resulted in excess capacity of older technology drilling rigs. Similarly, the substantial increase in unconventional resource plays led to higher demand for pressure pumping services, and there was a significant increase in the construction of new pressure pumping equipment across the industry. As a result of the decline in oil and natural gas prices and the construction of new equipment, there is an excess of new technology drilling rigs and pressure pumping equipment available. In circumstances of excess capacity, providers of drilling and pressure pumping services have difficulty sustaining profit margins and may sustain losses during downturn periods. We cannot predict either the future level of demand for our contract drilling or pressure pumping services or future conditions in the oil and natural gas contract drilling or pressure pumping businesses.

In addition, unconventional resource plays have substantially increased and some drilling rigs are not capable of drilling these wells efficiently. Accordingly, the utilization of some older technology drilling rigs has been hampered by their lack of capability to efficiently compete for this work. Other ongoing factors which could continue to adversely affect utilization rates and pricing, even in an environment of high oil and natural gas prices and increased drilling activity, include:

Critical Accounting Policies

In addition to established accounting policies, our condensed consolidated financial statements are impacted by certain estimates and assumptions made by management. No changes in our critical accounting policies have occurred since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

We evaluate the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable (a “triggering event”).  Based on recent commodity prices, our results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2017, and our expectations of results of operations in future periods, we concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 with respect to our contract drilling segment or our pressure pumping segment.  Our expectations of results of operations in future periods were based on the assumption that activity levels in both segments will continue to recover during 2017 if prices remain at or above current levels.  

We review our proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever a triggering event occurs, such as downward revisions in reserve estimates or decreases in expected future oil and natural gas prices.  Proved properties are grouped by field and undiscounted cash flow estimates are prepared based on our expectation of future pricing over the lives of the respective fields.  These cash flow estimates are reviewed by an independent petroleum engineer.  If the net book value of a field exceeds its undiscounted cash flow estimate, impairment expense is measured and recognized as the difference between net book value and fair value. The fair value estimates used in measuring impairment are based on internally developed unobservable inputs including reserve volumes and future production, pricing and operating costs (Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting).  The expected future net cash flows are discounted using an annual rate of 10% to determine fair value.  We review unproved oil and natural gas properties quarterly to assess potential impairment.  Our impairment assessment is made on a lease-by-lease basis and considers factors such as our intent to drill, lease terms and abandonment of an area.  If an unproved property is determined to be impaired, the related property costs are expensed.  Impairment expense related to proved and unproved oil and natural gas properties totaled $503,000 in the first quarter of 2017 and is included in depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.  

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our liquidity as of March 31, 2017 included approximately $436 million in working capital, including $467 million of cash and cash equivalents, and $500 million available under our revolving credit facility.  In connection with the consummation of the SSE merger on April 20, 2017, we repaid SSE’s outstanding indebtedness of $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE).  As of April 28, 2017, under our revolving credit facility we had $60.0 million outstanding, had $16.0 million of letters of credit outstanding, and had borrowing capacity of $556 million.  

On January 24, 2017, we entered into an agreement with certain lenders under our revolving credit facility to increase the aggregate commitments under our revolving credit facility to approximately $595.8 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The aggregate commitment increase became effective on April 20, 2017 upon the consummation of the SSE merger and the repayment and termination of the SSE credit facility.  On April 20, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement which permitted outstanding letters of credit under the SSE credit facility to be deemed to be incurred under our credit facility and increased the amount of the accordion feature of our revolving credit facility to permit aggregate commitments to be increased to an amount not to exceed $700 million (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and the procurement of additional commitments from new or existing lenders).  On April 20, 2017, we also entered into an additional commitment increase agreement with certain of our lenders pursuant to which total commitments available under our revolving credit facility (after giving effect to both commitment increases) increased to $632 million through September 2017 and to $490 million through March 2019.

On January27, 2017, we completed an offering of 18.2 million shares of our common stock.  Concurrent with the closing of the SSE merger, we used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to repay of SSE’s outstanding indebtedness of approximately $472 million ($403 million net of cash from SSE) and the remainder of the proceeds has been or will be used for general corporate purposes. 

We believe our current liquidity, together with cash expected to be generated from operations, should provide us with sufficient ability to fund our current plans to maintain and make improvements to our existing equipment, service our debt, pay cash dividends and finance working capital requirements during a recovery.  If under current market conditions we desire to pursue opportunities for growth that require additional capital, we believe such pursuit would likely require additional debt or equity financing.  However, there can be no assurance that such capital will be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, our sources of cash flow included:

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we used $3.3 million to pay dividends on our common stock and $68.4 million:

We paid cash dividends during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as follows:

On April 26, 2017, our Board of Directors approved a cash dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.02 per share to be paid on June 22, 2017 to holders of record as of June 8, 2017. However, the amount and timing of all future dividend payments, if any, are subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon business conditions, results of operations, financial condition, terms of our debt agreements and other factors.  

On September 6, 2013, our Board of Directors approved a stock buyback program that authorizes purchase of up to $200 million of our common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions. As of March 31, 2017, we had remaining authorization to purchase approximately $187 million of our outstanding common stock under the 2013 stock buyback program. Shares purchased under a buyback program are accounted for as treasury stock.

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Treasury stock acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2017 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

2012 Credit Agreement — On September 27, 2012, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Base Credit Agreement”).  The Base Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) is a committed senior unsecured credit facility that includes a revolving credit facility.

On July 8, 2016, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to Credit Agreement (“Amendment No. 2”), which amended the Base Credit Agreement to, among other things, make borrowing under the revolving credit facility subject to a borrowing base calculated by reference to our and certain of our subsidiaries’ eligible equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and unencumbered cash as described in Amendment No. 2.  The revolving credit facility contains a letter of credit facility that is limited to $50 million and a swing line facility that is limited to $20 million, in each case outstanding at any time. The maturity date under the Base Credit Agreement is September 27, 2017 for the revolving facility; however, Amendment No. 2 extended the maturity date of $357.9 million in revolving credit commitments of certain lenders to March 27, 2019.  On January 17, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement, which amended the Credit Agreement by restating the definition of Consolidated EBITDA to provide for the add-back of transaction expenses related to the SSE merger.  On January 24, 2017, we entered into an agreement with certain lenders under our revolving credit facility to increase the aggregate commitments under our revolving credit facility to approximately $595.8 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  The aggregate commitment increase became effective on April 20, 2017 upon the consummation of the SSE merger and the repayment and termination of the SSE credit facility.  On April 20, 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement which permitted outstanding letters of credit under the SSE credit facility to be deemed to be incurred under our credit facility and increased the amount of the accordion feature of our revolving credit facility to permit aggregate commitments to be increased to an amount not to exceed $700 million (subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and the procurement of additional commitments from new or existing lenders).  On April 20, 2017, we also entered into an additional commitment increase agreement with certain of our lenders pursuant to which total commitments available under our revolving credit facility (after giving effect to both commitment increases) increased to $632 million through September 2017 and to $490 million through March 2019.

Loans under the Credit Agreement bear interest by reference, at our election, to the LIBOR rate or base rate, provided, that swing line loans bear interest by reference only to the base rate.  Until September 27, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans varies from 2.75% to 3.25% and the applicable margin on base rate loans varies from 1.75% to 2.25%, in each case determined based upon our debt to capitalization ratio.  Beginning September 27, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans varies from 3.25% to 3.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans varies from 2.25% to 2.75%, in each case determined based on our excess availability under the revolving credit facility.  As of March 31, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR rate loans was 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans was 1.75%.  Based on our debt to capitalization ratio at December 31, 2016, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans is 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans is 1.75% as of April 1, 2017.  Based on our debt to capitalization ratio at March 31, 2017, the applicable margin on LIBOR loans will be 2.75% and the applicable margin on base rate loans will be 1.75% as of July 1, 2017.  A letter of credit fee is payable by us equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans times the daily amount available to be drawn under outstanding letters of credit.  The commitment fee rate payable to the lenders for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility is 0.50%.

Each of our domestic subsidiaries unconditionally guarantees all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of the other guarantors and us arising under the Credit Agreement, other than (a) Ambar Lone Star Fluid Services LLC, (b) domestic subsidiaries that directly or indirectly have no material assets other than equity interests in, or capitalization indebtedness owed by, foreign subsidiaries, and (c) any subsidiary having total assets of less than $1 million.  Such guarantees also cover our obligations and those of any of our subsidiaries arising under any interest rate swap contract with any person while such person is a lender or an affiliate of a lender under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement requires compliance with two financial covenants.  We must not permit our debt to capitalization ratio to exceed 40%.  The Credit Agreement generally defines the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter.  We also must not permit our interest coverage ratio as of the last day of a fiscal quarter to be less than 3.00 to 1.00.  The Credit Agreement generally defines the interest coverage ratio as the ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of the four prior fiscal quarters to interest charges for the same period.  We were in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2017.

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The Credit Agreement limits our ability to make investments in foreign subsidiaries or joint ventures such that, if the book value of all such investments since September 27, 2012 is above 20% of our total consolidated book value of the assets on a pro forma basis, we will not be able to make such investment.  The Credit Agreement also restricts our ability to pay dividends and make equity repurchases, subject to certain exceptions, including an exception allowing such restricted payments if before and immediately after giving effect to such restricted payment, the Pro Forma Debt Service Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is at least 1.50 to 1.00.  In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that, if our consolidated cash balance, subject to certain exclusions, is more than $100 million at the end of the day on which a borrowing is made, we can only use the proceeds from such borrowing to fund acquisitions, capital expenditures and the repurchase of indebtedness, and if such proceeds are not used in such manner within three business days, we must repay such unused proceeds on the fourth business day following such borrowings.

The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations, warranties and affirmative and negative covenants.  We do not expect that the restrictions and covenants will impair, in any material respect, our ability to operate or react to opportunities that might arise.

Events of default under the Credit Agreement include failure to pay principal or interest when due, failure to comply with the financial and operational covenants, as well as a cross default event, loan document enforceability event, change of control event and bankruptcy and other insolvency events.  If an event of default occurs and is continuing, then a majority of the lenders have the right, among others, to (i) terminate the commitments under the Credit Agreement, (ii) accelerate and require us to repay all the outstanding amounts owed under any loan document (provided that in limited circumstances with respect to insolvency and bankruptcy, such acceleration is automatic), and (iii) require us to cash collateralize any outstanding letters of credit.

As of March 31, 2017, we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility, with available borrowing capacity of $500 million.  As of April 28, 2017, under our revolving credit facility we had $60.0 million outstanding, had $16.0 million of letters of credit outstanding, and had borrowing capacity of $556 million.

2015 Reimbursement Agreement — On March 16, 2015, we entered into a Reimbursement Agreement (the “Reimbursement Agreement”) with The Bank of Nova Scotia (“Scotiabank”), pursuant to which we may from time to time request that Scotiabank issue an unspecified amount of letters of credit.  As of March 31, 2017, we had $38.2 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Reimbursement Agreement.

Under the terms of the Reimbursement Agreement, we will reimburse Scotiabank on demand for any amounts that Scotiabank has disbursed under any letters of credit.  Fees, charges and other reasonable expenses for the issuance of letters of credit are payable by us at the time of issuance at such rates and amounts as are in accordance with Scotiabank’s prevailing practice.  We are obligated to pay to Scotiabank interest on all amounts not paid on the date of demand or when otherwise due at the LIBOR rate plus 2.25% per annum, calculated daily and payable monthly, in arrears, on the basis of a calendar year for the actual number of days elapsed, with interest on overdue interest at the same rate as on the reimbursement amounts.

We have also agreed that if obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by liens on any of our subsidiaries’ property, then our reimbursement obligations and (to the extent similar obligations would be secured under the Credit Agreement) other obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement and any letters of credit will be equally and ratably secured by all property subject to such liens securing the Credit Agreement.

Pursuant to a Continuing Guaranty dated as of March 16, 2015 (the “Continuing Guaranty”), our payment obligations under the Reimbursement Agreement are jointly and severally guaranteed as to payment and not as to collection by our subsidiaries that from time to time guarantee payment under the Credit Agreement.

Senior Notes — On October 5, 2010, we completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.97% Series A Senior Notes due October 5, 2020 (the “Series A Notes”) in a private placement. The Series A Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.97% per annum. We pay interest on the Series A Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series A Notes will mature on October 5, 2020.

On June 14, 2012, we completed the issuance and sale of $300 million in aggregate principal amount of our 4.27% Series B Senior Notes due June 14, 2022 (the “Series B Notes”) in a private placement. The Series B Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.27% per annum. We pay interest on the Series B Notes on April 5 and October 5 of each year. The Series B Notes will mature on June 14, 2022.

The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank equally in right of payment with all of our other unsubordinated indebtedness. The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of our domestic subsidiaries other than subsidiaries that are not required to be guarantors under the Credit Agreement.

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The Series A Notes and Series B Notes are prepayable at our option, in whole or in part, provided that in the case of a partial prepayment, prepayment must be in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes then outstanding, at any time and from time to time at 100% of the principal amount prepaid, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the prepayment date, plus a “make-whole” premium as specified in the note purchase agreements. We must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of any change of control. In addition, we must offer to prepay the notes upon the occurrence of certain asset dispositions if the proceeds therefrom are not timely reinvested in productive assets. If any offer to prepay is accepted, the purchase price of each prepaid note is 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the prepayment date.

The respective note purchase agreements require compliance with two financial covenants. We must not permit our debt to capitalization ratio to exceed 50% at any time. The note purchase agreements generally define the debt to capitalization ratio as the ratio of (a) total borrowed money indebtedness to (b) the sum of such indebtedness plus consolidated net worth, with consolidated net worth determined as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter. We also must not permit our interest coverage ratio as of the last day of a fiscal quarter to be less than 2.50 to 1.00. The note purchase agreements generally define the interest coverage ratio as the ratio of EBITDA for the four prior fiscal quarters to interest charges for the same period. We were in compliance with these financial covenants as of March 31, 2017. We do not expect that the restrictions and covenants will impair, in any material respect, our ability to operate or react to opportunities that might arise.

Events of default under the note purchase agreements include failure to pay principal or interest when due, failure to comply with the financial and operational covenants, a cross default event, a judgment in excess of a threshold event, the guaranty agreement ceasing to be enforceable, the occurrence of certain ERISA events, a change of control event and bankruptcy and other insolvency events. If an event of default under the note purchase agreements occurs and is continuing, then holders of a majority in principal amount of the respective notes have the right to declare all the notes then-outstanding to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if we default in payments on any note, then until such defaults are cured, the holder thereof may declare all the notes held by it pursuant to the note purchase agreement to be immediately due and payable.

Commitment Letter – On December 12, 2016 in connection with the execution of the merger agreement, we entered into a financing commitment letter (the “Commitment Letter”) with Canyon Capital Advisors LLC for a senior unsecured bridge facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $150 million (the “Bridge Facility”), for the purposes of repaying or redeeming certain of SSE and its subsidiaries’ indebtedness and to pay related fees and expenses. We did not utilize the Bridge Facility prior to the SSE merger closing on April 20, 2017, and the Commitment Letter terminated on the closing date of the SSE merger.

Results of Operations

We changed our reporting segment presentation in the fourth quarter of 2016, as we no longer consider our oil and natural gas exploration and production activities to be significant to an understanding of our results.  We now present the oil and natural gas exploration and production activities, pipe handling components and related technology business and Middle East/North Africa business as “Other” and “Corporate” reflects only corporate activities.  This change in segment presentation was applied retrospectively to all periods presented herein.

The following tables summarize operations by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

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The decrease in revenues results from the decrease in early termination revenue.  Early termination revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $1.9 million compared to $16.8 million for the same period in the prior year.  Average revenue per operating day is lower due to market conditions.  Average direct operating costs per operating day increased as a result of a reduction in the proportion of rigs on standby and an increase in rig reactivation expenses.