PAYCHEX INC - Quarter Report: 2019 November (Form 10-Q)

payx-20191130x10q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended November 30, 2019

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From __________to __________

Commission file number 0-11330

_________________________________________

PAYCHEX, INC.

911 Panorama Trail South

Rochester, NY 14625-2396

(585) 385-6666

A Delaware Corporation

IRS Employer Identification Number: 16-1124166

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange of which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	PAYX	NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer x

Accelerated Filer 

Non-Accelerated Filer 

Smaller Reporting Company 

Emerging Growth Company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of November 30, 2019, 358,386,480 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value, were outstanding.

PAYCHEX, INC.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risk	39
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		40
Item 6.	Exhibits	40
Signatures		41

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PAYCHEX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

In millions, except per share amounts



	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue:
Management Solutions	$	726.7	$	685.4	$	1,451.2	$	1,373.1
PEO and Insurance Services		244.1		155.2		491.1		313.2
Total service revenue		970.8		840.6		1,942.3		1,686.3
Interest on funds held for clients		19.9		18.3		40.4		35.4
Total revenue		990.7		858.9		1,982.7		1,721.7
Expenses:
Operating expenses		323.4		264.9		648.8		530.4
Selling, general and administrative expenses		325.6		286.8		643.1		563.8
Total expenses		649.0		551.7		1,291.9		1,094.2
Operating income		341.7		307.2		690.8		627.5
Other (expense)/income, net		(4.7)		2.1		(9.5)		4.4
Income before income taxes		337.0		309.3		681.3		631.9
Income taxes		78.3		73.5		158.4		152.5
Net income	$	258.7	$	235.8	$	522.9	$	479.4

Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax		(14.9)		(11.6)		11.5		(11.2)
Comprehensive income	$	243.8	$	224.2	$	534.4	$	468.2

Basic earnings per share	$	0.72	$	0.66	$	1.46	$	1.34
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.72	$	0.65	$	1.45	$	1.33
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		358.1		359.1		358.4		359.1
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, ‎ assuming dilution		360.6		361.5		361.1		361.5

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PAYCHEX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

In millions, except per share amounts




	November 30,		May 31,
	2019		2019
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	600.6	$	673.6
Restricted cash		53.0		50.6
Corporate investments		34.4		39.0
Interest receivable		29.0		27.4
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts		464.9		420.5
PEO unbilled receivables, net of advance collections		411.7		406.3
Prepaid income taxes		58.6		22.6
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		240.9		233.9
Current assets before funds held for clients		1,893.1		1,873.9
Funds held for clients		3,734.8		3,803.8
Total current assets		5,627.9		5,677.7
Long-term restricted cash		9.7		6.5
Long-term corporate investments		10.1		10.2
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation		401.7		408.7
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization		119.2		—
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization		359.7		399.1
Goodwill		1,785.8		1,782.6
Long-term deferred costs		359.7		366.3
Other long-term assets		27.9		24.9
Total assets	$	8,701.7	$	8,676.0
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	76.3	$	75.9
Accrued corporate compensation and related items		121.5		146.4
Accrued worksite employee compensation and related items		568.3		578.6
Short-term borrowings		51.3		—
Deferred revenue		42.2		40.3
Other current liabilities		268.0		219.5
Current liabilities before client fund obligations		1,127.6		1,060.7
Client fund obligations		3,696.3		3,784.3
Total current liabilities		4,823.9		4,845.0
Accrued income taxes		30.6		27.3
Deferred income taxes		226.8		223.1
Long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs		796.6		796.4
Operating lease liabilities		100.1		13.0
Other long-term liabilities		154.3		151.7
Total liabilities		6,132.3		6,056.5
Commitments and contingencies — Note N
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value; Authorized: 600.0 shares; ‎ Issued and outstanding: 358.4 shares as of November 30, 2019 ‎ and 359.3 shares as of May 31, 2019		3.6		3.6
Additional paid-in capital		1,252.8		1,206.3
Retained earnings		1,301.4		1,409.5
Accumulated other comprehensive income		11.6		0.1
Total stockholders’ equity		2,569.4		2,619.5
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	8,701.7	$	8,676.0

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PAYCHEX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

In millions, except per share amounts


	For the six months ended November 30, 2019
								Accumulated
				Additional				other
	Common stock			paid-in		Retained		comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		capital		earnings		income/(loss)		Total
Balance as of May 31, 2019	359.3	$	3.6	$	1,206.3	$	1,409.5	$	0.1	$	2,619.5
Net income	—		—		—		522.9		—		522.9
Unrealized gains on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and tax	—		—		—		—		14.3		14.3
Cash dividends declared ($1.24 per share)	—		—		—		(444.3)		—		(444.3)
Repurchases of common shares	(2.0)		—		(3.7)		(168.2)		—		(171.9)
Stock-based compensation costs	—		—		23.8		—		—		23.8
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(2.8)		(2.8)
Activity related to equity-based plans	1.1		—		26.4		(18.5)		—		7.9
Balance as of November 30, 2019	358.4	$	3.6	$	1,252.8	$	1,301.4	$	11.6	$	2,569.4


	For the three months ended November 30, 2019
Balance as of August 31, 2019	357.9	$	3.6	$	1,224.0	$	1,265.2	$	26.5	$	2,519.3
Net income	—		—		—		258.7		—		258.7
Unrealized losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and tax	—		—		—		—		(11.1)		(11.1)
Cash dividends declared ($0.62 per share)	—		—		—		(222.3)		—		(222.3)
Stock-based compensation costs	—		—		13.3		—		—		13.3
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(3.8)		(3.8)
Activity related to equity-based plans	0.5		—		15.5		(0.2)		—		15.3
Balance as of November 30, 2019	358.4	$	3.6	$	1,252.8	$	1,301.4	$	11.6	$	2,569.4


	For the six months ended November 30, 2018
Balance as of May 31, 2018	359.0	$	3.6	$	1,126.8	$	1,262.6	$	(36.2)	$	2,356.8
Net income	—		—		—		479.4		—		479.4
Unrealized losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and tax	—		—		—		—		(5.2)		(5.2)
Cash dividends declared ($1.12 per share)	—		—		—		(402.7)		—		(402.7)
Repurchases of common shares	(0.5)		—		(0.8)		(32.0)		—		(32.8)
Stock-based compensation costs	—		—		22.8		—		—		22.8
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(6.0)		(6.0)
Activity related to equity-based plans	0.6		—		16.9		(4.7)		—		12.2
Balance as of November 30, 2018	359.1	$	3.6	$	1,165.7	$	1,302.6	$	(47.4)	$	2,424.5


	For the three months ended November 30, 2018
Balance as of August 31, 2018	359.0	$	3.6	$	1,151.1	$	1,268.1	$	(35.8)	$	2,387.0
Net income	—		—		—		235.8		—		235.8
Unrealized losses on securities, net of reclassification adjustment and tax	—		—		—		—		(7.2)		(7.2)
Cash dividends declared ($0.56 per share)	—		—		—		(201.3)		—		(201.3)
Stock-based compensation costs	—		—		11.9		—		—		11.9
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(4.4)		(4.4)
Activity related to equity-based plans	0.1		—		2.7		—		—		2.7
Balance as of November 30, 2018	359.1	$	3.6	$	1,165.7	$	1,302.6	$	(47.4)	$	2,424.5

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PAYCHEX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

In millions



	For the six months ended
	November 30,
	2019		2018 ⁽¹⁾
Operating activities
Net income	$	522.9	$	479.4
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization on property and equipment and intangible assets		107.9		72.7
Amortization of premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities, net		20.4		27.7
Amortization of deferred costs		92.4		89.5
Stock-based compensation costs		23.8		22.8
(Benefit)/provision for deferred income taxes		(2.7)		10.9
Provision for allowance for doubtful accounts		3.4		1.5
Net realized (gains)/losses on sales of available-for-sale securities		(1.8)		0.2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Interest receivable		(1.6)		3.6
Accounts receivable and PEO unbilled receivables, net		(53.2)		(71.6)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(44.5)		(26.7)
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(14.5)		(30.2)
Deferred costs		(85.3)		(82.2)
Net change in other long-term assets and liabilities		(2.7)		(0.4)
Net change in operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities		0.1		—
Net cash provided by operating activities		564.6		497.2
Investing activities
Purchases of available-for-sale securities		(13,537.8)		(21,248.8)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities		14,167.1		21,364.3
Purchases of property and equipment		(59.9)		(60.8)
Purchases of other assets		(4.2)		(1.0)
Net cash provided by investing activities		565.2		53.7
Financing activities
Net change in client fund obligations		(88.0)		(1,017.6)
Net proceeds from short-term borrowings		51.3		57.3
Dividends paid		(444.3)		(402.7)
Repurchases of common shares		(171.9)		(32.8)
Activity related to equity-based plans		7.9		12.2
Net cash used in financing activities		(645.0)		(1,383.6)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents		484.8		(832.7)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents, beginning of period		935.2		2,300.5
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,420.0	$	1,467.8

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents
to the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	600.6	$	510.6
Restricted cash		62.7		—
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents included in funds held for clients		756.7		957.2
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	$	1,420.0	$	1,467.8

(1)Amounts have been adjusted to reflect adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).”

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PAYCHEX, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

November 30, 2019

Note A: Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of business: Paychex, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “Paychex”) is a leading provider of integrated human capital management (“HCM”) solutions for human resource (“HR”), payroll, benefits, and insurance services for small- to medium-sized businesses in the United States (“U.S.”). The Company also has operations in Europe.

Paychex, a Delaware corporation formed in 1979, reports as one segment. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is generated within the U.S. The Company also generates revenue within Europe, which represented approximately one percent of the Company’s total revenue for both the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018. Long-lived assets in Europe were approximately five percent of total long-lived assets of the Company as of both November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019.

Basis of presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statement presentation. The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of the Company with all intercompany transactions eliminated. Certain disclosures are reported as zero balances due to rounding. In the opinion of management, the information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature), which are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”). Operating results and cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”).

Reclassifications: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation and had no effect on reported consolidated earnings.

Revision of previously reported financial information: During the three months ended February 28, 2019, the Company determined it should have presented cash equivalents and money market securities included in funds held for clients within cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in accordance with ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).” This immaterial correction resulted in a decrease of $985.1 million in net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended November 30, 2018. In addition, it resulted in increases in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents balances as reported on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows of $1.9 billion and $1.0 billion as of May 31, 2018 and November 30, 2018, respectively. The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended November 30, 2018 has been revised to reflect the classification of cash equivalents and money market securities included in funds held for clients as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents.

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents: Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are recorded at fair value, and consist of cash and cash equivalents, primarily money market securities, included in funds held for clients and cash that is restricted in use to secure certain workers’ compensation policies.

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts: Accounts receivable balances are shown on the Consolidated Balance Sheets net of the allowance for doubtful accounts of $10.8 million and $7.5 million as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively. These balances include: trade receivables for services provided to clients and purchased receivables related to payroll funding arrangements with clients in the temporary staffing industry. Trade receivables were $90.1 million and $94.5 million as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively. Purchased receivables were $385.6 million and $333.5 million as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively. Accounts receivable are written off and charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company has exhausted all collection efforts without success. No single client had a material impact on total accounts receivable, service revenue, or results of operations.

Professional Employer Organization (“PEO”) unbilled receivables, net of advance collections: The Company recognizes a liability for worksite employee gross wages and related payroll tax liabilities at the end of the period in which the worksite employee performs work, and where it assumes, under state regulations, the obligation for the payment of payroll and payroll tax

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liabilities. The estimated payroll and payroll tax liabilities are recorded in accrued worksite employee compensation and related items on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The associated unbilled receivables, including estimated revenues, offset by advance collections from clients, are recorded as PEO unbilled receivables, net of advance collections on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, advance collections included in PEO unbilled receivables, net of advance collections were $3.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively.

PEO insurance reserves: As part of the PEO service, the Company offers workers’ compensation insurance and health insurance for the benefit of client employees. Workers’ compensation insurance is provided under fully insured high deductible workers’ compensation insurance policies. Workers’ compensation insurance reserves are established to provide for the estimated costs of paying claims up to per occurrence liability limits. In establishing the PEO workers’ compensation insurance reserves, the Company uses an independent actuarial estimate of undiscounted future cash payments that would be made to settle the claims.

The Company’s maximum individual claims liability under its PEO workers’ compensation insurance policies is $1.0 million for the annual fiscal period ending May 31, 2020. For the annual fiscal period ended May 31, 2019, the Company’s maximum individual claims liability ranged from $0.5 million to $1.0 million under its PEO workers’ compensation insurance policies.

The Company offers minimum premium insurance plan arrangements for certain of its PEO clients for various medical, dental, and vision benefits. In connection with these minimum premium insurance plan offerings, the Company establishes insurance reserves to provide for the payment of claims in accordance with its service contract with the carriers. The Company’s maximum individual claims liability was $0.3 million under its minimum medical premium plan policies during both the annual fiscal periods ending May 31, 2020 and ended May 31, 2019.

Estimating the ultimate cost of future claims is an uncertain and complex process based upon historical loss experience and actuarial loss projections, and is subject to change due to multiple factors, including economic trends, changes in legal liability law, and damage awards, all of which could materially impact the reserves as reported in the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, final claim settlements may vary from the present estimates, particularly with workers' compensation insurance where those payments may not occur until well into the future. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of its estimated insurance reserves. Adjustments to previously established reserves are reflected in the results of operations for the period in which the adjustment is identified. Such adjustments could be significant, reflecting any combination of new and adverse or favorable trends.

Leases: On June 1, 2019, the Company adopted the requirements of ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU No. 2016-02”). As a result of this adoption, the following accounting policies were implemented or changed.

At contract inception, the Company determines if the new contractual arrangement is a lease or contains a leasing arrangement. If a contract contains a lease, the Company evaluates whether it should be classified as an operating or a finance lease. Currently, all of the Company’s leases have been classified as operating leases. Upon modification of the contract, the Company will reassess to determine if a contract is or contains a leasing arrangement.

The Company records lease liabilities based on the future estimated cash payments discounted over the lease term, defined as the non-cancellable time period of the lease, together with all the following:

periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the extension option; and

periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option.

Leases may also include options to terminate the arrangement or options to purchase the underlying lease property. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components of contracts. Lease components provide the Company with the right to use an identified asset, which consist of the Company’s real estate properties and office equipment. Non-lease components consist primarily of maintenance services.

As an implicit discount rate is not readily determinable in the Company’s lease agreements, the Company uses its estimated secured incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach utilizing publicly available information related to our unsecured borrowing rates. For certain leases with original terms of 12 months or less, the Company recognizes lease expense as incurred and does not recognize any lease liabilities. Short-term and long-term portions of operating lease liabilities are classified as other current liabilities and operating lease liabilities, respectively, in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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A right-of-use (“ROU”) asset is measured as the amount of the lease liability with adjustments, if applicable, for lease incentives, initial direct costs incurred by the Company, and lease prepayments made prior to or at lease commencement. ROU assets are classified as operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company evaluates the carrying value of ROU assets if there are indicators of potential impairment, and performs the analysis concurrent with the review of the recoverability of the related asset group. If the carrying value of the asset group is determined to not be fully recoverable and is in excess of its estimated fair value, the Company will record an impairment loss in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss during the six months ended November 30, 2019.

Fixed lease expense payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments vary because of changes in facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time, and are often due to changes in an external market rate or the value of an index (e.g. Consumer Price Index). Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

As part of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, the Company elected the following practical expedients: 1) lease vs. non-lease components relating to the real estate asset class; 2) the short-term lease exemption; and 3) the package of practical expedients, which permits the Company to not reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs under the new standard. In addition, the Company elected not to adopt the practical expedient related to hindsight.

Stock-based compensation costs: The Company has issued stock-based awards to employees and directors consisting of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance-based restricted stock, performance-based restricted stock units, and performance-based stock options. The Company accounts for all stock-based awards to employees and directors as compensation costs in the consolidated financial statements based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. These costs are recognized over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation costs recognized were $13.3 million and $23.8 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively, as compared with $11.9 million and $22.8 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively. The methods and assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards are consistent with those described in the Company’s fiscal 2019 Form 10-K.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements: In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-02. This guidance, as amended by subsequent ASUs on the topic, improves transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and by disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted the requirements of ASU No. 2016-02 on June 1, 2019, utilizing the alternative transition method provided by the FASB in ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” and did not restate comparative periods as permitted under the standard.

The adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 increased ROU lease-related assets and liabilities by $116.4 million and resulted in ROU asset and lease liability balances of $116.4 million and $135.3 million, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 1, 2019. The difference between the ROU assets and lease liabilities relates to $18.9 million of unamortized landlord allowances and lease incentives. The Company has updated its control framework for new internal controls and made changes to existing internal controls related to the new standard. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on the financial covenants set forth in the Company’s credit facilities and long-term borrowing agreement. Refer to Note H for additional information on the new standard.

In June 2019, the Company also adopted the following ASUs, none of which had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements:

ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting;”

ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income;” and

ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.”

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Recently issued accounting pronouncements: In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-08 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Codification Improvements - Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer.” ASU No. 2019-08 amends and clarifies ASU No. 2018-07, which was adopted by the Company on June 1, 2019, to require that an entity measure and classify share-based payment awards granted to a customer by applying the guidance in Topic 718. For entities that have already adopted the amendments in ASU No. 2018-07, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04 “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments.” ASU No. 2019-04 was issued as part of the FASB’s ongoing project to improve upon its Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), and to clarify and improve areas of guidance related to recently issued standards on credit losses, hedging, and recognition and measurement. This guidance contains several effective dates, but is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606.” ASU No. 2018-18 was issued to resolve the diversity in practice concerning the manner in which entities account for transactions based on their assessment of the economics of a collaborative arrangement. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force).” ASU No. 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU No. 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements in Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” based on the FASB Concepts Statement, “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting – Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements,” including consideration of costs and benefits. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is applicable to the Company’s fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effects of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairments.” ASU No. 2017-04 establishes a one-step process for testing goodwill for a decrease in value, requiring a goodwill impairment loss to be measured as the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. The guidance eliminates the second step of the current two-step process that requires the impairment to be measured as the difference between the implied value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the goodwill’s carrying amount. This guidance is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual impairment tests after January 1, 2017. This guidance is applicable to the Company's fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020. The Company is currently assessing internal control updates and does not anticipate the guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU No. 2016-13 as amended by subsequent ASUs on the topic and commonly referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, requires an entity to measure expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. It also requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. This guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted.

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This guidance is applicable to the Company's fiscal year beginning June 1, 2020, and will be adopted using the modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. The Company has formed a CECL implementation group (“CIG”) to manage the overall implementation of this guidance. The CIG has started its evaluation of the impact of the new guidance on its business processes, systems, and controls and has determined that this guidance will apply to its accounts receivable, PEO unbilled receivables, and available-for-sale debt securities. The Company will continue to evaluate this guidance during the implementation process to determine the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Other recent authoritative guidance issued by the FASB (including technical corrections to the ASC), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) during the six months ended November 30, 2019 did not, or are not expected to, have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note B: Service Revenue

Service revenue is primarily attributable to fees for providing services to the Company’s clients and is recognized when control of the promised services are transferred to its clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for such services. The Company’s service revenue is largely attributable to processing services where the fee is based on a fixed amount per processing period or a fixed amount per processing period plus a fee per employee or transaction processed. Insurance Services revenue is recognized when commissions are earned on premiums billed and collected. The Company’s contracts generally have a term of 30 days as they are cancellable at any time by either party with 30 days’ notice of termination. Sales and other applicable non-payroll related taxes are excluded from service revenue.

Based upon similar operational and economic characteristics, the Company’s service revenue is disaggregated by Management Solutions and PEO and Insurance Services as reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The Company believes these revenue categories depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The following table, consistent with the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, disaggregates service revenue by Management Solutions and PEO and Insurance Services:


	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
In millions	2019		2018		2019		2018
Management Solutions	$	726.7	$	685.4	$	1,451.2	$	1,373.1
PEO and Insurance Services		244.1		155.2		491.1		313.2
Total service revenue	$	970.8	$	840.6	$	1,942.3	$	1,686.3

Management Solutions Revenue

Management Solutions revenue is primarily derived from the Company’s payroll processing, payroll-related ancillary services, and HR outsourcing solutions. Clients can select services on an á la carte basis or as part of various product bundles. The Company’s offerings often leverage the information gathered in its base payroll processing service, allowing it to provide comprehensive outsourcing services covering the HCM spectrum. Management Solutions revenue is generally recognized over time as services are performed and the customer simultaneously receives and controls the benefits from these services.

Revenue earned from delivery service for the distribution of certain client payroll checks and reports is also included in Management Solutions revenue in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Delivery service revenue is recognized at a point in time following the delivery of payroll checks, reports, quarter-end packages, and tax returns to the Company’s clients.

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PEO and Insurance Services Revenue

PEO services are sold through the Company’s registered and licensed subsidiaries, Paychex Business Solutions, LLC, Oasis Outsourcing Group Holdings, L.P. (“Oasis”), and HR Outsourcing Holdings, Inc. (“HROi”), and offer businesses a combined package of services that includes payroll, employer compliance, HR and employee benefits administration, risk management outsourcing, and the on-site availability of a professionally trained HR representative, among other services. The Company serves as a co-employer of its clients’ employees, offers health insurance coverage to client employees, and assumes the risks and rewards of workers’ compensation insurance and certain health insurance benefit offerings. PEO revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed and the customer simultaneously receives and controls the benefits from these services. PEO revenue is reported net of certain pass-through costs billed and incurred, which include payroll wages, payroll taxes, including federal and state unemployment insurance, and certain health insurance benefit premiums, primarily costs related to the Company’s guaranteed cost benefit plans. Pass-through costs for payroll wages and payroll taxes were $5.2 billion and $2.3 billion for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively, which includes costs related to state unemployment insurance of $12.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Pass-through costs for payroll wages and payroll taxes were $10.3 billion and $4.5 billion for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively, which includes costs related to state unemployment insurance of $26.7 million and $13.4 million, respectively. For guaranteed cost benefit plans where the Company does not retain risk, revenues are recorded net of the premiums paid to the insurance carrier. For the three months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, the pass-through costs related to the Company’s guaranteed cost benefit plans were $165.0 million and $80.4 million, respectively. For the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, the pass-through costs related to the Company’s guaranteed cost benefit plans were $330.8 million and $155.1 million, respectively. For workers’ compensation and certain benefit plans where the Company retains risk, revenues and costs are recorded on a gross basis.

Insurance services are sold through the Company’s licensed insurance agency, Paychex Insurance Agency, Inc., which provides insurance through a variety of carriers, allowing companies to expand their employee benefit offerings at an affordable cost. Insurance offerings include property and casualty coverage such as workers’ compensation, business-owner policies, commercial auto, and health and benefits coverage, including health, dental, vision, and life. Insurance services revenue is recognized over time as services are performed and the customer simultaneously receives and controls the benefits from these services and reflects commissions earned on insurance services premiums billed.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition for Management Solutions and PEO and Insurance Services is consistent with the invoicing of clients as they both occur during the respective client payroll period for which the services are provided. Therefore, the Company does not recognize a contract asset or liability resulting from the timing of revenue recognition and invoicing.

Payments received for certain of the Company’s service offerings for set-up fees are considered a material right. Therefore, the Company defers revenue associated with these performance obligations, which exceed one year, and subsequently recognizes these as future services are provided, over approximately three years to four years.

Changes in deferred revenue related to material right performance obligations were as follows:



	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
In millions	2019		2018		2019		2018
Balance, beginning of period	$	44.5	$	45.7	$	45.7	$	46.4
Deferral of revenue		7.4		7.1		12.9		13.2
Recognition of unearned revenue		(6.8)		(6.8)		(13.5)		(13.6)
Balance, end of period	$	45.1	$	46.0	$	45.1	$	46.0

Deferred revenue related to material right performance obligations is reported in the deferred revenue and other long-term liabilities line items on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company expects to recognize $12.5 million of deferred revenue related to material right performance obligations in the remainder of fiscal 2020, $18.3 million of such deferred revenue during its fiscal year ending May 31, 2021, and $14.3 million of such deferred revenue thereafter.

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Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain and Fulfill Contracts

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a client if it is expected that the amortization period will be longer than one year. The Company determined that certain selling and commission costs meet the capitalization criteria under ASC Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs: Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 340-40”). The Company also recognizes an asset for the costs to fulfill a contract with a client if the costs are specifically identifiable, generate or enhance resources used to satisfy future performance obligations, and are expected to be recovered. The Company determined that substantially all costs related to implementation activities are administrative in nature and meet the capitalization criteria under ASC 340-40. These capitalized costs to fulfill a contract principally relate to upfront direct costs that are expected to be recovered and enhance the Company’s ability to satisfy future performance obligations.

The assets related to both costs to obtain and costs to fulfill contracts with clients are capitalized and amortized using an accelerated method over an eight year life to closely align with the pattern of client attrition over the estimated life of the client relationship. Deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts are reported in the prepaid expenses and other current assets and long-term deferred costs line items on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization expense related to costs to obtain and fulfill a contract are included in operating and selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The Company regularly reviews its deferred costs for potential impairment and did not recognize an impairment loss during the six months ended November 30, 2019 or November 30, 2018.

Changes in deferred costs to obtain and fulfill contracts were as follows:



	For the three months ended November 30, 2019
	Beginning		Capitalization				Ending
In millions	balance		of costs		Amortization		balance
Costs to obtain a contract	$	460.0	$	37.4	$	(40.5)	$	456.9
Costs to fulfill a contact	$	66.3	$	6.0	$	(5.9)	$	66.4



	For the six months ended November 30, 2019
	Beginning		Capitalization				Ending
In millions	balance		of costs		Amortization		balance
Costs to obtain a contract	$	464.3	$	73.3	$	(80.7)	$	456.9
Costs to fulfill a contact	$	66.1	$	12.0	$	(11.7)	$	66.4



	For the three months ended November 30, 2018
	Beginning		Capitalization				Ending
In millions	balance		of costs		Amortization		balance
Costs to obtain a contract	$	448.5	$	37.9	$	(39.1)	$	447.3
Costs to fulfill a contact	$	65.7	$	5.9	$	(5.8)	$	65.8



	For the six months ended November 30, 2018
	Beginning		Capitalization				Ending
In millions	balance		of costs		Amortization		balance
Costs to obtain a contract	$	455.0	$	70.3	$	(78.0)	$	447.3
Costs to fulfill a contact	$	65.4	$	11.9	$	(11.5)	$	65.8

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Note C: Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows:



	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
In millions, except per share amounts	2019		2018		2019		2018
Basic earnings per share:
Net income	$	258.7	$	235.8	$	522.9	$	479.4
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		358.1		359.1		358.4		359.1
Basic earnings per share	$	0.72	$	0.66	$	1.46	$	1.34
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income	$	258.7	$	235.8	$	522.9	$	479.4
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		358.1		359.1		358.4		359.1
Dilutive effect of common share equivalents		2.5		2.4		2.7		2.4
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		360.6		361.5		361.1		361.5
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.72	$	0.65	$	1.45	$	1.33
Weighted-average anti-dilutive common share equivalents		0.6		0.6		0.5		0.5

Weighted-average common share equivalents that have an anti-dilutive impact are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

For the three months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, 0.5 million shares and 0.1 million shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were issued in connection with the exercise or vesting of stock-based awards. For the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, 1.1 million shares and 0.6 million shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were issued in connection with the exercise or vesting of stock-based awards.

In May 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $400.0 million of the Company’s common stock, with authorization expiring on May 31, 2022. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended November 30, 2019 or November 30, 2018. During the six months ended November 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 2.0 million shares for $171.9 million. During the six months ended November 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 0.5 million shares for $32.8 million under a previously authorized program. The purpose of both programs is to manage common stock dilution. All shares of common stock repurchased were retired.

Note D: Business Combinations

Effective December 20, 2018, the Company acquired Oasis. Upon closing, Oasis became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Oasis is an industry leader in providing HR outsourcing services and has experienced rapid growth over the last few years through acquisition of several smaller PEOs. The purchase price was $992.2 million, net of $262.3 million in cash acquired, including $132.1 million of restricted cash. The acquisition was financed through a combination of cash on hand and the issuance of long-term private placement debt totaling $800.0 million. The results of operations for Oasis have been included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income since the date of acquisition.

The Company accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” The acquired assets and liabilities of Oasis were recorded at their preliminary acquisition-date fair values and were consolidated with those of the Company as of the acquisition date. The final determination of these preliminary fair values is subject to completion of an assessment of the acquisition-date fair values of acquired assets and liabilities.

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The following preliminary acquisition-date fair values were assigned to the acquired net assets (amounts in millions):


Cash and cash equivalents	$	130.2
Restricted cash		66.6
Corporate investments		8.6
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts		10.7
PEO unbilled receivables, net of advance collections		209.8
Prepaid income taxes		4.8
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		6.0
Long-term restricted cash		65.5
Property and equipment		15.4
Intangible assets		310.9
Goodwill		976.6
Other long-term assets		1.8
Total Assets		1,806.9

Accounts payable		45.0
Accrued corporate compensation and related items		11.6
Accrued worksite employee compensation and related items		311.1
Other current liabilities		49.8
Deferred income taxes		55.6
Other long-term liabilities		79.3
Net Assets	$	1,254.5

The Company assigned $310.9 million to amortizable intangible assets, including customer lists, tradenames and trademarks, and non-compete agreements, with a weighted-average amortization period of approximately 10 years. Goodwill in the amount of $976.6 million was recorded as a result of the acquisition, which is not tax-deductible. Any further adjustments to goodwill (in excess of the existing tax basis) are not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill is provisional and subject to change, pending completion of the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is attributable to the future economic benefits the Company expects to achieve and expected synergies to be realized when combining the operations of this acquisition into our existing operations.

Note E: Other (Expense)/Income, Net

Other (expense)/income, net, consisted of the following items:



	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
In millions	2019		2018		2019		2018
Interest income on corporate funds	$	3.3	$	2.8	$	7.8	$	6.0
Interest expense		(10.1)		(0.8)		(20.4)		(1.7)
Other		2.1		0.1		3.1		0.1
Other (expense)/income, net	$	(4.7)	$	2.1	$	(9.5)	$	4.4

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Note F: Funds Held for Clients and Corporate Investments

Funds held for clients and corporate investments are as follows:



	November 30, 2019
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Fair
In millions	cost		gains		losses		value
Type of issue:
Funds held for clients' money market securities and other ‎ cash equivalents	$	756.7	$	—	$	—	$	756.7
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities		52.1		0.2		(0.1)		52.2
Corporate bonds		684.2		12.0		(0.3)		695.9
General obligation municipal bonds		734.7		10.6		—		745.3
Pre-refunded municipal bonds⁽¹⁾		23.2		0.2		—		23.4
Revenue municipal bonds		491.3		6.3		—		497.6
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		960.4		11.3		(1.5)		970.2
Variable rate demand notes		7.5		—		—		7.5
Total available-for-sale securities		2,953.4		40.6		(1.9)		2,992.1
Other		27.2		3.4		(0.1)		30.5
Total funds held for clients and corporate investments	$	3,737.3	$	44.0	$	(2.0)	$	3,779.3



	May 31, 2019
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		Fair
In millions	cost		gains		losses		value
Type of issue:
Funds held for clients' money market securities and other ‎ cash equivalents	$	204.5	$	—	$	—	$	204.5
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities		5.3		—		—		5.3
Corporate bonds		442.1		5.3		(0.9)		446.5
General obligation municipal bonds		840.6		7.5		(0.3)		847.8
Pre-refunded municipal bonds⁽¹⁾		25.6		0.2		—		25.8
Revenue municipal bonds		545.4		4.7		(0.2)		549.9
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		612.5		4.7		(1.3)		615.9
Variable rate demand notes		1,129.6		—		—		1,129.6
Total available-for-sale securities		3,601.1		22.4		(2.7)		3,620.8
Other		26.3		1.7		(0.3)		27.7
Total funds held for clients and corporate investments	$	3,831.9	$	24.1	$	(3.0)	$	3,853.0

⁽¹⁾ Pre-refunded municipal bonds are secured by an escrow fund of U.S. government obligations.

Included in money market securities and other cash equivalents as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 were bank demand deposit accounts, commercial paper, and money market funds. In addition, as of November 30, 2019, certain U.S. government agency securities with maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition were included in money market securities and other cash equivalents.

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Classification of funds held for clients and investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:



	November 30,		May 31,
In millions	2019		2019
Funds held for clients	$	3,734.8	$	3,803.8
Corporate investments		34.4		39.0
Long-term corporate investments		10.1		10.2
Total funds held for clients and corporate investments	$	3,779.3	$	3,853.0

Funds held for clients’ money market securities and other cash equivalents is collected from clients before due dates for payroll tax administration services and employee payment services, and is invested until remitted to the applicable tax or regulatory agencies or client employees. Based upon the Company’s intent and its contractual obligation to the client, these funds are considered restricted until they are remitted to fund these client obligations.

The Company’s available-for-sale securities reflected net unrealized gains of $38.7 million and $19.7 million as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively. Included in the net unrealized gain totals as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 were 113 and 269 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, respectively. The available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position were as follows:



	November 30, 2019
	Securities in an unrealized ‎loss position for less than ‎twelve months				Securities in an unrealized ‎loss position for more than ‎twelve months				Total
	Gross				Gross				Gross
	unrealized		Fair		unrealized		Fair		unrealized		Fair
In millions	losses		value		losses		value		losses		value
Type of issue:
Asset-backed securities	$	(0.1)	$	25.3	$	—	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	25.3
Corporate bonds		(0.2)		66.2		(0.1)		16.2		(0.3)		82.4
Revenue municipal bonds		—		5.2		—		—		—		5.2
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		(1.2)		232.5		(0.3)		75.9		(1.5)		308.4
Total	$	(1.5)	$	329.2	$	(0.4)	$	92.1	$	(1.9)	$	421.3



	May 31, 2019
	Securities in an unrealized ‎loss position for less than ‎twelve months				Securities in an unrealized ‎loss position for more than ‎twelve months				Total
	Gross				Gross				Gross
	unrealized		Fair		unrealized		Fair		unrealized		Fair
In millions	losses		value		losses		value		losses		value
Type of issue:
Corporate bonds	$	—	$	1.5	$	(0.9)	$	133.8	$	(0.9)	$	135.3
General obligation municipal bonds		—		3.0		(0.3)		168.3		(0.3)		171.3
Pre-refunded municipal bonds		—		0.1		—		1.6		—		1.7
Revenue municipal bonds		—		0.1		(0.2)		79.2		(0.2)		79.3
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		—		4.7		(1.3)		175.6		(1.3)		180.3
Total	$	—	$	9.4	$	(2.7)	$	558.5	$	(2.7)	$	567.9

The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolios to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns. The Company believes that the investments held as of November 30, 2019 that had gross unrealized losses of $1.9 million were not other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company believes that it is probable that the principal and interest will be collected in accordance with contractual terms, and that the unrealized losses on these securities were due to changes in interest rates and were not due to increased credit risk or other valuation concerns. A majority of the securities in an unrealized loss position as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 held an AA rating or better. The Company does not intend to sell these investments until the recovery of their amortized cost basis or maturity, and further believes that it is not more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell these investments prior to that time. The Company’s assessment that an investment is not other-than-temporarily impaired could change in the future due to new developments or changes in the Company’s strategies or assumptions related to any particular investment.

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Realized gains and losses on the sales of securities are determined by specific identification of the amortized cost basis of each security. On the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, realized gains and losses from funds held for clients are included in interest on funds held for clients and realized gains and losses from corporate investments are included in other (expense)/income, net. Realized gains were $0.9 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively, and $1.8 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively. There were no realized losses for the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and $0.4 million of realized losses for both the three and six months ended November 30, 2018.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities that had stated maturities as of November 30, 2019 are shown below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.



	November 30, 2019

	Amortized		Fair
In millions	cost		value
Maturity date:
Due in one year or less	$	336.9	$	337.8
Due after one year through three years		797.0		806.7
Due after three years through five years		937.0		953.0
Due after five years		882.5		894.6
Total	$	2,953.4	$	2,992.1

Variable rate demand notes (“VRDNs”) are primarily categorized as due after five years in the table above as the contractual maturities on these securities are typically 20 years to 30 years. Although these securities are issued as long-term securities, they are priced and traded as short-term instruments because of the liquidity provided through the tender feature.

Note G: Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting standards related to fair value measurements include a hierarchy for information and valuations used in measuring fair value that is broken down into three levels based on reliability, as follows:

Level 1 valuations are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that the Company can access at the measurement date.

Level 2 valuations are based on inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the instrument, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability including the following:

oquoted prices for similar, but not identical, instruments in active markets;

oquoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active;

oinputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the instrument; or

oinputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 valuations are based on information that is unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, accounts payable and short-term borrowings, when used by the Company, approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. Marketable securities included in funds held for clients and corporate investments consist primarily of securities classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

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The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:



	November 30, 2019
			Quoted		Significant
			prices in		other		Significant
	Carrying		active		observable		unobservable
	value		markets		inputs		inputs
In millions	(Fair value)		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents:
Commercial paper	$	66.2	$	—	$	66.2	$	—
U.S. government agency securities		422.0		—		422.0		—
Money market securities		52.6		52.6		—		—
Total restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents	$	540.8	$	52.6	$	488.2	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	52.2	$	—	$	52.2	$	—
Corporate bonds		695.9		—		695.9		—
General obligation municipal bonds		745.3		—		745.3		—
Pre-refunded municipal bonds		23.4		—		23.4		—
Revenue municipal bonds		497.6		—		497.6		—
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		970.2		—		970.2		—
Variable rate demand notes		7.5		—		7.5		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,992.1	$	—	$	2,992.1	$	—
Other	$	30.5	$	30.5	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Other long-term liabilities	$	30.3	$	30.3	$	—	$	—



	May 31, 2019
			Quoted		Significant
			prices in		other		Significant
	Carrying		active		observable		unobservable
	value		markets		inputs		inputs
In millions	(Fair value)		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents:
Commercial paper	$	10.0	$	—	$	10.0	$	—
Money market securities		29.2		29.2		—		—
Total restricted and unrestricted cash equivalents	$	39.2	$	29.2	$	10.0	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	5.3	$	—	$	5.3	$	—
Corporate bonds		446.5		—		446.5		—
General obligation municipal bonds		847.8		—		847.8		—
Pre-refunded municipal bonds		25.8		—		25.8		—
Revenue municipal bonds		549.9		—		549.9		—
U.S. government agency and treasury securities		615.9		—		615.9		—
Variable rate demand notes		1,129.6		—		1,129.6		—
Total available-for-sale securities	$	3,620.8	$	—	$	3,620.8	$	—
Other	$	27.7	$	27.7	$	—	$	—
Liabilities:
Other long-term liabilities	$	27.0	$	27.0	$	—	$	—

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In determining the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company predominately uses the market approach. Money market securities, which are cash equivalents, are considered Level 1 investments as they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. Cash equivalents also include commercial paper and U.S. government agency securities with a maturity of 90 days or less at acquisition, which are considered Level 2 investments as they are valued based on similar, but not identical, instruments in active markets. Available-for-sale securities, including municipal bonds, asset-backed securities, VRDNs, corporate bonds, and U.S. government agency and treasury securities, are included in Level 2 and are valued utilizing inputs obtained from an independent pricing service. To determine the fair value of the Company’s Level 2 available-for-sale securities, the independent pricing service uses a variety of inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, non-binding broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, new issue data, and monthly payment information. The Company has not adjusted the prices obtained from the independent pricing service because it believes that they are appropriately valued.

Assets included as other are mutual fund investments, consisting of participants’ eligible deferral contributions under the Company’s non-qualified and unfunded deferred compensation plans. The related liability is reported as other long-term liabilities. The mutual funds are considered Level 1 investments as they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets.

The Company’s financial liabilities accounted for under historical cost, but for which fair value measurements are periodically determined on a non-recurring basis were as follows:



	November 30, 2019				May 31, 2019
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
In millions	cost		value		cost		value
Long-term borrowings
Senior Notes, Series A	$	400.0	$	430.0	$	400.0	$	418.4
Senior Notes, Series B		400.0		434.2		400.0		420.1
Total long-term borrowings		800.0		864.2		800.0		838.5
Less: Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization		(3.4)		(3.4)		(3.6)		(3.6)
Long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs	$	796.6	$	860.8	$	796.4	$	834.9

The Company’s long-term borrowings are not traded in active markets, and as a result, its fair values were estimated using a market approach employing Level 2 valuation inputs, including borrowing rates the Company believes are currently available based on loans with similar terms and maturities.

The preceding methods described may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, although the Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

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Note H: Leases

The Company’s lease portfolio consists primarily of operating leases for office space and equipment, and has remaining terms from less than one year up to ten years, with contractual terms expiring from 2019 to 2029. Lease contracts may include one or more renewal options that allow the Company to extend the lease term, typically from one year to five years per each renewal option. The exercise of lease options are generally at the discretion of the Company. None of the Company’s leases contain residual value guarantees, substantial restrictions, or covenants.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


$ in millions		November 30, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization	$	119.2
Operating lease liabilities, current⁽¹⁾		38.1
Operating lease liabilities, non-current		100.1

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		4.45
Weighted average discount rate		2.02%

⁽¹⁾ The current portion of operating lease liabilities is reported in the other current liabilities line item on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The components of lease expense were as follows:


		For the		For the
		three months ended		six months ended
$ in millions		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2019
Fixed payment operating lease expense	$	9.6	$	19.7
Variable payment operating lease expense		—		—
Short-term lease expense		0.1		0.2

Fixed payment lease expense was $42.9 million for fiscal 2019.

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s leases were as follows:


		For the
		six months ended
$ in millions		November 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	20.9
Amortization of ROU assets		17.5
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		14.2

Future lease payments are as follows:


	November 30,		May 31,
In millions	2019		2019⁽¹⁾
2020	$	20.9	$	37.7
2021		38.3		29.9
2022		29.0		21.3
2023		20.9		13.8
2024		16.3		10.5
Thereafter		19.4		10.7
Total future lease payments		144.8		123.9
Less: imputed interest		6.6		—
Total operating lease liabilities	$	138.2	$	—
Current portion	$	38.1	$	—
Non-current portion	$	100.1	$	—

(1)Presented in accordance with legacy GAAP, ASC Topic 840, Leases.

As of November 30, 2019, the Company has entered into two lease agreements that have not yet commenced for terms of up to nine years. These leases will require lease payments over their terms of approximately $5.2 million.

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Note I: Property and Equipment, Net of Accumulated Depreciation

The components of property and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following:



	November 30,		May 31,
In millions	2019		2019
Land and improvements	$	10.8	$	10.8
Buildings and improvements		165.9		162.9
Data processing equipment		222.7		221.6
Software ⁽¹⁾		663.5		626.6
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		112.2		117.2
Leasehold improvements		105.4		105.4
Construction in progress ⁽¹⁾		30.1		30.3
Total property and equipment, gross		1,310.6		1,274.8
Less: Accumulated depreciation		908.9		866.1
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	$	401.7	$	408.7

⁽¹⁾ Software includes both purchased software and costs capitalized related to internally developed software placed in service. Capitalized costs related to internally developed software that has not yet been placed in service is included in construction in progress.

Depreciation expense was $33.1 million and $64.9 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $30.2 million and $59.6 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively.

Note J: Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net of Accumulated Amortization

The change in goodwill for the six months ended November 30, 2019 is as follows:


	November 30,
In millions	2019
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,782.6
Changes during the period:
Goodwill acquired		-
Acquisition accounting adjustments		4.5
Currency translation adjustment		(1.3)
Balance, end of period	$	1,785.8

The Company has certain intangible assets on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The components of intangible assets, at cost, consisted of the following:



	November 30,		May 31,
In millions	2019		2019
Client lists	$	609.7	$	608.2
Other intangible assets		23.2		23.0
Total intangible assets, gross		632.9		631.2
Less: Accumulated amortization		273.2		232.1
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization	$	359.7	$	399.1

Amortization expense relating to intangible assets was $21.9 million and $43.0 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $6.6 million and $13.1 million for the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, respectively.

The Company did not recognize an impairment loss as it relates to its goodwill or intangible assets during the six months ended November 30, 2019 or November 30, 2018.

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As of November 30, 2019, the estimated amortization expense relating to intangible asset balances for the full year fiscal 2020 and the following four fiscal years is as follows:


$ in millions	Estimated amortization
Year ending May 31,	expense
2020	$	75.9
2021		63.9
2022		59.0
2023		54.5
2024		52.1

Note K: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

The change in unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable taxes, related to investments in available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments are the primary components reported in accumulated other comprehensive income on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) are as follows:



	For the three months ended				For the six months ended
	November 30,				November 30,
In millions	2019		2018		2019		2018
Beginning balance	$	26.5	$	(35.8)	$	0.1	$	(36.2)
Other comprehensive (loss)/income:
Unrealized (losses)/gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax		(10.5)		(7.4)		15.6		(5.4)
Reclassification adjustment for the (loss)/gain on sale of available-for-sale securities realized in net income, net of tax		(0.6)		0.2		(1.3)		0.2
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(3.8)		(4.4)		(2.8)		(6.0)
Total other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax		(14.9)		(11.6)		11.5		(11.2)
Ending balance	$	11.6	$	(47.4)	$	11.6	$	(47.4)

Total tax (benefit)/expense included in other comprehensive income	$	(3.5)	$	(1.8)	$	4.8	$	(2.3)

Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) for realized gains, net of tax, on the sale of available-for-sale securities are reflected in interest on funds held for clients and other (expense)/income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

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Note L: Short-term Financing

The Company maintains credit facilities and letters of credit as part of its normal and recurring business operations.

Credit Facilities: The Company maintains three committed, unsecured credit facilities, as follows:



Bank	Borrower ⁽¹⁾	Date Entered	Expiration Date	Maximum Amount Available	Purpose
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("JPM")⁽²⁾	Paychex of New York, LLC ("PoNY")	July 31, 2019	July 31, 2024	$1 Billion	To meet short-term funding requirements.
JPM ⁽²⁾	PoNY	August 17, 2017	August 17, 2022	$500 Million	To meet short-term funding requirements.
PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC")	Paychex Advance, LLC	March 17, 2016	March 17, 2020	$150 Million	To finance working capital needs and general corporate purposes.

(1)Borrower is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

(2)JPM acts as the administrative agent for this syndicated credit facility.

On July 31, 2019, the Company and its PoNY subsidiary entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders which established a new $1.0 billion five year unsecured revolving credit facility (“2019 credit facility”). This revolving credit facility replaced the Company’s predecessor $1.0 billion five year unsecured revolving credit facility that was entered into on August 5, 2015 (“2015 predecessor credit facility”) and which was terminated on July 31, 2019. Under this new credit facility, the Company may borrow at the alternate base rate provided by JPM or at an adjusted LIBOR-based interest rate provided by JPM.

For all credit facilities, obligations under any facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and will bear interest at competitive rates based on options provided to the borrower. Upon the expiration date, any borrowings outstanding will mature and be payable on such date.

JPM $1 Billion Credit Facility: There were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility as of November 30, 2019 or May 31, 2019. Details of borrowings under this 2019 credit facility and the 2015 predecessor credit facility during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018 are as follows:


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		10			4			16			10
Maximum amount borrowed	$	694.0		$	483.0		$	694.0		$	483.0
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	398.4		$	389.8		$	357.1		$	285.7
Weighted-average interest rate		4.99	%		5.12	%		5.09	%		5.06	%

The Company typically borrows on an overnight basis and only borrowed on an overnight basis during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018.

JPM $500 Million Credit Facility: There were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility as of November 30, 2019 or May 31, 2019. Details of borrowings under this credit facility during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018 are as follows:



	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		14			3			24			7
Maximum amount borrowed	$	400.0		$	135.5		$	450.0		$	223.0
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	305.0		$	83.0		$	342.8		$	111.8
Weighted-average interest rate		3.15	%		5.25	%		3.21	%		5.07	%

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The Company typically borrows on an overnight basis. In addition to overnight borrowings, during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019, the Company borrowed:

$400.0 million for ten days at a weighted-average LIBOR-based interest rate of 3.00%; and

$ 64.0 million for three days at a weighted-average interest rate of 4.75%.

In addition, during the six months ended November 30, 2019, the Company borrowed:

$450.0 million for eight days at a weighted-average LIBOR-based interest rate of 3.00%.

The Company only borrowed on an overnight basis during the three and six months ended November 30, 2018. Subsequent to November 30, 2019, the Company borrowed three times, on an overnight basis, $168.2 million on a weighted-average basis under this line.

PNC $150 Million Credit Facility: As of November 30, 2019, the Company had $51.3 million outstanding under this credit facility, which remains outstanding as of the date of this report. There were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility as of May 31, 2019. Details of borrowings under this credit facility during the three and six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018 are as follows:


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		91			91			179			179
Maximum amount borrowed	$	56.7		$	57.7		$	56.7		$	57.7
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	54.3		$	57.3		$	54.6		$	56.6
Weighted-average interest rate		2.74	%		2.68	%		2.90	%		2.61	%

All of the Company’s credit facilities contain various financial and operational covenants that are usual and customary for such arrangements. The Company was in compliance with all of these covenants as of November 30, 2019.

Certain lenders under these credit facilities, and their respective affiliates, have performed, and may in the future perform for the Company, various commercial banking, investment banking, underwriting, and other financial advisory services, for which they have received, and will continue to receive in the future, customary fees and expenses.

Letters of credit: The Company had irrevocable standby letters of credit outstanding totaling $147.4 million and $148.9 million as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively, required to secure commitments for certain insurance policies. The letters of credit expire at various dates between December 31, 2019 and November 30, 2020. No amounts were outstanding on these letters of credit as of, or during the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, or as of May 31, 2019.

Note M: Long-term Financing

On March 13, 2019, the Company and its PoNY subsidiary completed the private placement of Senior Notes, Series A in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million due on March 13, 2026, and Senior Notes, Series B in an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million due on March 13, 2029 (collectively the “Notes”), pursuant to its Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement (the “Agreement”) among the Company, PoNY, and the respective purchasers. Proceeds from the Notes were used to pay off $800.0 million in short-term borrowings under the Company’s JPM credit facilities used to temporarily finance the acquisition of Oasis.

Long-term debt, at amortized cost, consisted of the following:


	November 30,		May 31,
In millions	2019		2019
Senior Notes, Series A	$	400.0	$	400.0
Senior Notes, Series B		400.0		400.0
Total long-term borrowings		800.0		800.0
Less: Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization		(3.4)		(3.6)
Long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs	$	796.6	$	796.4

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Certain information related to the Senior Notes are as follows:


	Senior Notes	Senior Notes
	Series A	Series B
Stated interest rate	4.07%	4.25%
Effective interest rate	4.16%	4.32%
Interest rate type	Fixed	Fixed
Interest payment dates	Semi-annual, in arrears	Semi-annual, in arrears
Principal payment dates	March 13, 2026	March 13, 2029
Note type	Unsecured	Unsecured

The effective interest rates for each note series include the interest on the note and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Payment of all amounts due with respect to the Notes and performance under the Agreement is guaranteed by the Company, PoNY and certain other subsidiaries of the Company. The Company may, at its option, prepay at any time all, or any part of, the Notes, subject to certain conditions as described in the Agreement.

The Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants that are usual and customary for such arrangements. The Company was in compliance with all of these covenants as of November 30, 2019.

Note N: Commitments and Contingencies

Other commitments: The Company enters into various purchase commitments with vendors in the ordinary course of business. The Company had outstanding commitments to purchase approximately $8.5 million and $5.6 million of capital assets as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, respectively.

In the normal course of business, the Company makes representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there have been no material losses related to such guarantees. The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors, which require the Company to defend and, if necessary, indemnify these individuals for certain pending or future claims as they relate to their services provided to the Company.

The Company currently self-insures the deductible portion of various insured exposures under certain corporate employee benefit plans. The estimated loss exposure under these insurance arrangements is recorded in other current liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Historically, the amounts accrued have not been material and were not material as of November 30, 2019. The Company also maintains corporate insurance coverage in addition to its purchased primary insurance policies for gap coverage for employment practices liability, errors and omissions, warranty liability, theft and embezzlement, cyber threats, and acts of terrorism; and capacity for deductibles and self-insured retentions through its captive insurance company.

Contingencies: The Company is subject to various claims and legal matters that arise in the normal course of its business. These include disputes or potential disputes related to breach of contract, tort, employment-related claims, tax claims, patent, statutory, and other matters.

The Company’s management currently believes that resolution of any outstanding legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. However, legal matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and there exists the possibility that the ultimate resolution of these matters could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations in the period in which any such effects are recorded.

Note O: Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate was 23.2% and 23.8% for the three months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively, and 23.3% and 24.1% for the six months ended November 30, 2019 and November 30, 2018, respectively. The effective income tax rates in these periods were impacted by the recognition of net discrete tax benefits related to employee stock-based compensation payments. In addition, the effective income tax rate for the six months ended November 30, 2018 included discrete tax expense related to the revaluation of deferred tax balances for legislative updates.

‎

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations reviews the operating results of Paychex, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“Paychex,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) for the three months ended November 30, 2019 (the “second quarter”), the six months ended November 30, 2019 (the “six months”), the respective prior year periods ended November 30, 2018, and our financial condition as of November 30, 2019. The focus of this review is on the underlying business reasons for material changes and trends affecting our revenue, expenses, net income, and financial condition. This review should be read in conjunction with the November 30, 2019 consolidated financial statements and the related Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”). This review should also be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended May 31, 2019 (“fiscal 2019”). Forward-looking statements in this review are qualified by the cautionary statement included under the next sub-heading, “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Pursuant to the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.”

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Pursuant to the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

Certain written and oral statements made by us may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States (“U.S.”) Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words and phrases as “we expect,” “expected to,” “estimates,” “estimated,” “overview,” “current outlook,” “guidance,” “we look forward to,” “would equate to,” “projects,” “projections,” “projected,” “projected to be,” “anticipates,” “anticipated,” “we believe,” “believes,” “could be,” “targeting,” and other similar words or phrases. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding operating performance, events, or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, including statements relating to our outlook, revenue growth, earnings, earnings-per-share growth, or similar projections.

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations, and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, many of which are outside our control. Our actual results and financial conditions may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance upon any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

·changes in governmental regulations and policies;

·our ability to comply with U.S. and foreign laws and regulations;

·our ability to keep pace with changes in technology and to provide timely enhancements to our products and services;

·our compliance with data privacy laws and regulations;

·the possibility of cyberattacks, security vulnerabilities, and Internet disruptions, including breaches of data security and privacy leaks, data loss, and business interruptions;

·the possibility of failure of our operating facilities, computer systems, or communication systems during a catastrophic event;

·the failure of third-party service providers to perform their functions;

·the possibility that we may be subject to additional risks related to our co-employment relationship with our professional employer organization (“PEO”);

·changes in health insurance and workers’ compensation insurance rates and underlying claim trends;

·our clients’ failure to reimburse us for payments made by us on their behalf;

·the effect of changes in government regulations mandating the amount of tax withheld or the timing of remittances;

·volatility in the political and economic environment;

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·risks related to acquisitions and the integration of the businesses we acquire, including integrating Oasis Outsourcing Group Holdings, L.P.’s (“Oasis”) business with ours;

·our failure to comply with covenants in our debt agreements;

·changes in the availability of qualified people, including management, technical, compliance, and sales personnel;

·our failure to protect our intellectual property rights;

·the possible effects of negative publicity on our reputation and the value of our brand; and

·potential outcomes related to pending or future litigation matters.

Any of these factors, as well as such other factors as discussed in our Form 10-K for fiscal 2019 or other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), could cause our actual results to differ materially from our anticipated results. The information provided in this Form 10-Q is based upon the facts and circumstances known as of the date of this report, and any forward-looking statements made by us in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date on which they are made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements after the date of filing this Form 10-Q with the SEC to reflect events or circumstances after such date, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

We have made available our investor presentation regarding the financial results for the second quarter. Please visit Paychex's Investor Relations page on our website at https://www.paychex.com/investors to view the presentation. We intend to make future investor presentations available exclusively through our Investor Relations page.

Business

We are a leading provider of integrated human capital management (“HCM”) solutions for human resource (“HR”), payroll, benefits, and insurance services for small- to medium-sized businesses. Our business strategy focuses on personalized, technology-enabled service; industry-leading, integrated technology; providing a comprehensive suite of value-added HCM services; solid sales execution; continued service penetration; and engaging in strategic acquisitions. We believe that success in our mission to be a leading provider of HCM services by being an essential partner with America’s businesses will lead to strong, long-term financial performance. We do this through the Power of Simplicity. Our industry-leading technology combines with our personalized, technology-enabled services to make HR administration, payroll, and benefits simple for our clients.

We offer a comprehensive portfolio of HCM services and products that allow our clients to meet their diverse HR and payroll needs. Clients can select services on an á la carte basis or as part of various product bundles. Our offerings often leverage the information gathered in our base payroll processing service, allowing us to provide comprehensive outsourcing services covering the HCM spectrum.

We support small-business companies through our core payroll, utilizing our proprietary, robust, software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) Paychex Flex^® platform and our SurePayroll^® SaaS-based products. Both products allow users to process payroll when they want, how they want, and on any device (desktop, tablet, and mobile phone). Clients with more complex payroll and employee benefit needs are serviced through our Paychex Flex Enterprise solution, which offers an integrated suite of HCM solutions on the Paychex Flex platform, or through our legacy platform. Clients using Paychex Flex Enterprise are offered a SaaS solution that integrates payroll processing with HR management, employee benefits administration, time and labor management, applicant tracking, and onboarding solutions. Paychex Flex Enterprise allows mid-market clients to choose the services and software they need to meet the complexity of their business, all integrated through one HCM solution.

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Our portfolio of HCM and employee benefit-related services are as follows:



Service		Description

Management Solutions:


Payroll processing services		Includes the calculation, preparation, and delivery of employee payroll checks; production of internal accounting records and management reports; preparation of federal, state, and local payroll tax returns; and collection and remittance of clients’ payroll obligations.

Payroll tax administration services		Provides accurate preparation and timely filing of quarterly and year-end tax returns, as well as the electronic transfer of funds to the applicable federal, state, and local tax or regulatory agencies.

Employee payment services		Provides an employer the option of paying their employees by direct deposit, payroll debit card, a check drawn on a Paychex account (Readychex^®), or a check drawn on the employer’s account and electronically signed by us.

Regulatory compliance services		Includes new-hire reporting and garnishment processing, which enable employers to comply with legal requirements and reduce the risk of penalties. We also offer comprehensive solutions to help clients navigate the Affordable Care Act.

HR Solutions (ASO)		Offers businesses a combined package that includes payroll, employer compliance, HR and employee benefits administration, risk management outsourcing, and the on-site availability of a professionally trained HR representative, among other services. Paychex HR Essentials is an Administrative Services Organization product that provides support to our clients over the phone or online to help manage employee-related topics.

Retirement services administration		Offers a variety of retirement plan options to clients, as well as recordkeeping services, which include plan implementation, ongoing compliance with government regulations, employee and employer reporting, participant and employer online access, electronic funds transfer, and other administrative services.

HR administration services		Offers cloud-based HR administration software products for employee benefits management and administration, time and attendance solutions, recruiting, and onboarding.

Other HR services and products		Includes section 125 plans and state unemployment insurance services.

Business services		Offers various business services to companies. Our wholly owned subsidiary, Paychex Advance, LLC, provides a portfolio of services to the temporary staffing industry, including payroll funding (via the purchase of accounts receivable) and outsourcing services, which include payroll processing, invoicing, and tax preparation.

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PEO and Insurance Services:


PEO services		Our licensed subsidiaries, Paychex Business Solutions, LLC, HR Outsourcing Holdings, Inc. (“HROi”), and Oasis offer businesses a combined package that includes payroll, employer compliance, HR and employee benefits administration, risk management outsourcing, and the on-site availability of a professionally trained HR representative, among other services. We serve as a co-employer of our clients’ employees, offer health care coverage to PEO client employees, and assume the risks and rewards of workers’ compensation insurance and certain benefit insurance offerings.

Insurance services		Our licensed insurance agency, Paychex Insurance Agency, Inc., offers insurance through a variety of carriers. Insurance offerings include property and casualty coverage, such as workers’ compensation; business-owner policies; commercial auto; and health and benefits coverage, including health, dental, vision, and life.

Overview

Our financial results for the second quarter reflected continued growth across our major HCM product lines. Total revenue and total service revenue each increased 15% for the second quarter. Management Solutions revenue and PEO and Insurance Services revenue increased by 6% and 57%, respectively, for the second quarter.

Interest on funds held for clients increased 9% for the second quarter. Our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios earned an average rate of return of 2.0% for the second quarter, compared to 1.9% for the same period last year.

We continue to focus on driving growth in the number of clients, revenue per client, total revenue, and profits, while providing industry-leading service and technology solutions to our clients and their employees. We are continually engaged in developing enhancements to and maintaining our software platforms to meet the changing requirements of our clients and the marketplace. We continue to invest in Paychex Flex, our robust cloud-based HCM platform, making significant enhancements designed to simplify the complexity of HR administration. The latest enhancements to our solutions will streamline payroll processes and support business owners and HR professionals as they work to optimize operations, comply with regulations, and drive productivity. For example, Paychex Flex Assistant, our customer service chatbot, helps drive a personalized, efficient, and simplified user experience by allowing users who need help completing a task within Paychex Flex to rely on Flex Assistant, and the intelligence behind it, to quickly and easily discover the answer.

Highlights of our financial results for the second quarter as compared to the same period last year are as follows:

Total revenue increased 15% to $990.7 million. Oasis contributed approximately 9% to the growth in total revenue.

Total service revenue increased 15% to $970.8 million.

oManagement Solutions revenue increased 6% to $726.7 million. Oasis contributed slightly less than 1% to the growth in Management Solutions revenue.

oPEO and Insurance Services revenue increased 57% to $244.1 million. Oasis contributed approximately 47% to the growth in PEO and Insurance Services revenue.

Interest on funds held for clients increased 9% to $19.9 million.

Operating income increased 11% to $341.7 million.

Net income increased 10% to $258.7 million and adjusted net income⁽¹⁾ increased 8% to $253.8 million.

Diluted earnings per share increased 11% to $0.72 per share and adjusted diluted earnings per share⁽¹⁾ increased 8% to $0.70 per share.

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”)⁽¹⁾increased 16% to $398.8 million.

⁽¹⁾ Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, and EBITDA are not U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) measures. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section within the “Results of Operations” section of this Item 2 for a discussion of these non-GAAP measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures of net income and diluted earnings per share.

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Financial Position and Liquidity

Our financial position as of November 30, 2019 remained strong with cash, restricted cash, and total corporate investments of $707.8 million. Total short-term and long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs were $847.9 million as of November 30, 2019. Our investment strategy continues to focus on protecting principal and optimizing liquidity. We invest predominately in municipal bonds – including general obligation bonds; pre-refunded bonds, which are secured by a U.S. government escrow; and essential services revenue bonds – along with U.S. government agency and treasury securities, corporate bonds, and asset-backed securities. During the second quarter, our primary short-term investment vehicles were money market securities, bank demand and time deposit accounts, and U.S. government agency and treasury securities.

A substantial portion of our portfolio is invested in high credit quality securities with ratings of AA or higher, and A-1/P-1 ratings on short-term securities. We limit the amounts that can be invested in any single issuer and invest in short- to intermediate-term instruments whose fair values are less sensitive to interest rate changes. We believe our investments as of November 30, 2019 that were in an unrealized loss position were not other-than-temporarily impaired, nor has any event occurred subsequent to that date that would indicate any other-than-temporary impairment.

Our primary source of cash is generated from our ongoing operations. Cash flows from operations were $564.6 million for the six months, an increase of 14% from the same period last year. Our positive cash flows have allowed us to support our business and to pay substantial dividends, approximately 80% of our net income, to our stockholders. It is anticipated that cash, restricted cash, and total corporate investments as of November 30, 2019, along with projected operating cash flows and available short-term financing, will support our normal business operations, capital purchases, share repurchases, and dividend payments for the foreseeable future.

For further analysis of our results of operations for the second quarter, and our financial position as of November 30, 2019, refer to the analysis and discussion in the “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections of this Item 2.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary of Results of Operations:



	For the three months ended								For the six months ended
	November 30,								November 30,
In millions, except per share amounts	2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
Revenue:
Management Solutions	$	726.7		$	685.4		6	%	$	1,451.2		$	1,373.1		6	%
PEO and Insurance Services		244.1			155.2		57	%		491.1			313.2		57	%
Total service revenue		970.8			840.6		15	%		1,942.3			1,686.3		15	%
Interest on funds held for clients		19.9			18.3		9	%		40.4			35.4		14	%
Total revenue		990.7			858.9		15	%		1,982.7			1,721.7		15	%
Combined operating and SG&A expenses		649.0			551.7		18	%		1,291.9			1,094.2		18	%
Operating income		341.7			307.2		11	%		690.8			627.5		10	%
Other (expense)/income, net		(4.7)			2.1		n/m			(9.5)			4.4		n/m
Income before income taxes		337.0			309.3		9	%		681.3			631.9		8	%
Income taxes		78.3			73.5		7	%		158.4			152.5		4	%
Effective income tax rate		23.2	%		23.8	%				23.3	%		24.1	%
Net income	$	258.7		$	235.8		10	%	$	522.9		$	479.4		9	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.72		$	0.65		11	%	$	1.45		$	1.33		9	%

n/m – not meaningful

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We invest in highly liquid, investment-grade fixed income securities and do not utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk. As of November 30, 2019, we had no exposure to high-risk or non-liquid investments. Details regarding our combined funds held for clients and corporate cash equivalents and investment portfolios are as follows:



	For the three months ended								For the six months ended
	November 30,								November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			Change		2019			2018			Change
Average investment balances:
Funds held for clients	$	3,726.3		$	3,656.2		2	%	$	3,735.5		$	3,675.5		2	%
Corporate cash equivalents and investments		788.5			878.9		(10)	%		825.2			881.6		(6)	%
Total	$	4,514.8		$	4,535.1		—	%	$	4,560.7		$	4,557.1		—	%

Average interest rates earned (exclusive of net realized gains/(losses)):
Funds held for clients		2.0	%		2.0	%				2.1	%		1.9	%
Corporate cash equivalents and investments		1.7	%		1.4	%				1.9	%		1.4	%
Combined funds held for clients and corporate cash equivalents and investments		2.0	%		1.9	%				2.0	%		1.8	%

Total net realized gains/(losses)	$	0.9		$	(0.3)				$	1.8		$	(0.2)



	November 30,			May 31,
$ in millions	2019			2019
Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities⁽¹⁾	$	38.7		$	19.7
Federal Funds rate⁽²⁾		1.75	%		2.50	%
Total fair value of available-for-sale securities	$	2,992.1		$	3,620.8
Weighted-average duration of available-for-sale securities in years⁽³⁾		3.1			2.9
Weighted-average yield-to-maturity of available-for-sale securities⁽³⁾		2.1	%		2.1	%

⁽¹⁾ The net unrealized gain on our investment portfolio was approximately $33.4 million as of December 16, 2019.

⁽²⁾ The Federal Funds rate was in the range of 1.50% to 1.75% as of November 30, 2019, compared to a range of 2.25% to 2.50% as of May 31, 2019.

⁽³⁾ These items exclude the impact of variable rate demand notes (“VRDNs”), as they are tied to short-term interest rates.

Management Solutions revenue: Management Solutions revenue was $726.7 million for the second quarter and $1.5 billion for the six months, reflecting an increase in both periods of 6% compared to the same periods last year. The increase was primarily driven by increases in our client base and growth in revenue per client, which improved as a result of higher price realization and increased penetration of our suite of solutions, particularly time and attendance, retirement services, and HR outsourcing. Retirement services revenue also benefited from an increase in asset fee revenue earned on the asset value of participants’ funds.

PEO and Insurance Services revenue: PEO and Insurance Services revenue was $244.1 million for the second quarter and $491.1 million for the six months, reflecting an increase in both periods of 57% compared to the same periods last year. In addition to the acquisition of Oasis, this increase was driven by growth in clients and client worksite employees across our PEO business. Insurance Services revenue benefited from an increase in the number of health and benefit clients and applicants, partially offset by the impact of softness in the workers’ compensation market as state insurance fund rates declined.

Total service revenue: Total service revenue was $970.8 million for the second quarter and $1.9 billion for the six months, reflecting an increase in both periods of 15% compared to the same periods last year. The increase was primarily attributable to the items previously discussed.

Interest on funds held for clients: Interest on funds held for clients was $19.9 million for the second quarter and $40.4 million for the six months, reflecting increases of 9% and 14%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. The increase resulted from higher realized gains, average investment balances, and average interest rates. Funds held for clients average investment balances were impacted by wage inflation and increases within our client base, partially offset by changes in client base mix and timing of collections and remittances.

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Combined operating and SG&A expenses: Total expenses were $649.0 million for the second quarter and $1.3 billion for the six months, reflecting an increase in both periods of 18% compared to the same periods last year. The following table summarizes total combined operating and SG&A expenses:



	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
In millions	2019		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
Compensation-related expenses	$	373.0	$	333.0	12	%	$	736.4	$	660.7	11	%
Depreciation and amortization		55.0		36.8	49	%		107.9		72.7	48	%
PEO insurance costs		83.7		62.0	35	%		173.7		125.7	38	%
Other expenses		137.3		119.9	15	%		273.9		235.1	16	%
Total expenses	$	649.0	$	551.7	18	%	$	1,291.9	$	1,094.2	18	%

Compensation-related expenses increased 12% for the second quarter and 11% for the six months, compared to the same periods last year. The increase in compensation-related expenses was primarily driven by the acquisition of Oasis as well as increased headcount due to investment in technology resources and operations to support the growth in the business. Headcount was approximately 15,700 employees, including Oasis, as of November 30, 2019, compared to approximately 14,600 employees as of November 30, 2018.

Depreciation expense is primarily related to buildings, furniture and fixtures, data processing equipment, and both purchased and internally developed software. Amortization of intangible assets is primarily related to client list acquisitions. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense was primarily driven by the intangible assets recorded for the Oasis acquisition, which are amortized using either straight-line or accelerated methods.

PEO insurance costs include workers’ compensation and minimum premium insurance plan arrangements for various medical, dental, and vision benefits where we retain risk. The acquisition of Oasis, along with the growth in our PEO business, contributed to the increase in PEO insurance costs.

Other expenses include items such as non-capital equipment, delivery, forms and supplies, communications, travel and entertainment, professional services, and other costs incurred to support our business. Other expense growth for the second quarter and the six months was primarily impacted by the acquisition of Oasis and by continued investment in product development and supporting technology.

Operating income: Operating income was $341.7 million for the second quarter and $690.8 million for the six months, reflecting increases of 11% and 10%, respectively, as compared to the same periods last year. The changes in operating income were attributable to the factors previously discussed. Operating margin was 34.5% for the second quarter and 34.8% for the six months, compared to 35.8% and 36.4% for the respective prior year periods. EBITDA⁽¹⁾ increased 16% to $398.8 million for the second quarter and 14% to $801.8 million for the six months. EBITDA margin⁽¹⁾ was 40% for both the second quarter and the six months, consistent with respective prior year periods.

⁽¹⁾EBITDA and EBITDA margin are not U.S. GAAP measures. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section within the “Results of Operations” section of this Item 2 for a discussion of these non-GAAP measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures of net income.

Other (expense)/income, net: Other (expense)/income, net primarily represents interest expense incurred on our debt instruments, netted against earnings from our cash and cash equivalents and investments in available-for-sale securities. Investment income does not include interest on funds held for clients, which is included in total revenue. We recognized $4.7 million and $9.5 million of other expense, net, for the second quarter and the six months, respectively, which was driven by interest expense related to our long-term borrowings and a decrease in average corporate investment balances. The interest expense related to our long-term borrowings was $8.3 million and $16.6 million for the second quarter and the six months, respectively. The decrease in average corporate investment balances was due to funds used for stock repurchases over the past twelve months, higher dividend payments, and acquisitions. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2018, we recognized other income, net, of $2.1 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

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Income taxes: Our effective income tax rate was 23.2% for the second quarter and 23.3% for the six months, compared to 23.8% and 24.1% for the respective prior year periods. The effective income tax rates in these periods were impacted by the recognition of net discrete tax benefits related to employee stock-based compensation payments. In addition, the effective income tax rate for the six months ended November 30, 2018 included discrete tax expense related to the revaluation of deferred tax balances for legislative updates.

Net income and diluted earnings per share: Net income was $258.7 million for the second quarter and $522.9 million for the six months, reflecting increases of 10% and 9%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. Diluted earnings per share was $0.72 per share for the second quarter and $1.45 per share for the six months, reflecting increases of 11% and 9%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. These fluctuations were attributable to the factors previously discussed. Adjusted net income, a non-GAAP measure, was $253.8 million for the second quarter and $511.4 million for the six months, reflecting increases of 8% and 7%, respectively, compared to the same periods last year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share, a non-GAAP measure, was $0.70 per share for the second quarter and $1.42 per share for the six months, both reflecting an increase of 8% compared to the same periods last year. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section that follows for a discussion of these non-GAAP measures.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures: Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, and EBITDA are summarized as follows:



	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,

$ in millions	2019⁽¹⁾		2018		Change		2019		2018		Change
Net income	$	258.7	$	235.8	10	%	$	522.9	$	479.4	9	%
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Excess tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation payments ⁽²⁾		(4.9)		(0.5)				(11.5)		(3.8)
Revaluation of net deferred tax liabilities ⁽³⁾		—		—				—		1.7
Total non-GAAP adjustments		(4.9)		(0.5)				(11.5)		(2.1)
Adjusted net income	$	253.8	$	235.3	8	%	$	511.4	$	477.3	7	%

Diluted earnings per share	$	0.72	$	0.65	11	%	$	1.45	$	1.33	9	%
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Excess tax benefit related to employee stock-based compensation payments ⁽²⁾		(0.01)		—				(0.03)		(0.01)
Revaluation of net deferred tax liabilities ⁽³⁾		—		—				—		—
Total non-GAAP adjustments		(0.01)		—				(0.03)		(0.01)
Adjusted diluted earnings per share	$	0.70	$	0.65	8	%	$	1.42	$	1.32	8	%

Net income	$	258.7	$	235.8	10	%	$	522.9	$	479.4	9	%
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Interest expense/(income), net		6.8		(2.0)				12.6		(4.3)
Income taxes		78.3		73.5				158.4		152.5
Depreciation and amortization expense		55.0		36.8				107.9		72.7
Total non-GAAP adjustments		140.1		108.3				278.9		220.9
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization	$	398.8	$	344.1	16	%	$	801.8	$	700.3	14	%

⁽¹⁾ The calculation of the impact of non-GAAP adjustments on diluted earnings per share is performed on each line independently. The table may not add down by +/- $0.01 due to rounding.

⁽²⁾Net tax windfall benefits related to employee stock-based compensation payments recognized in income taxes. This item is subject to volatility and will vary based on employee decisions on exercising employee stock options and fluctuations in our stock price, neither of which is within the control of management.

⁽³⁾ One-time tax charge that was recognized during the three months ended August 31, 2018 as a result of updated guidance on Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m). This event is not expected to recur.

In addition to reporting net income and diluted earnings per share, which are U.S. GAAP measures, we present adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, and EBITDA margin (EBITDA as a percentage of total revenue), which are non-GAAP measures. We believe these additional measures are indicators of the performance of our core business operations period over period. Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, and EBITDA margin are not calculated through the application of U.S. GAAP and are not required forms of disclosure by the SEC. As such, they should not be considered as a substitute for the U.S. GAAP measures of net income and diluted earnings per share, and therefore should not be

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used in isolation, but in conjunction with the U.S. GAAP measures. The use of any non-GAAP measure may produce results that vary from the U.S. GAAP measure and may not be comparable to a similarly defined non-GAAP measure used by other companies.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our financial position as of November 30, 2019 remained strong with cash, restricted cash, and total corporate investments of $707.8 million. Total short-term and long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs were $847.9 million as of November 30, 2019. We believe that our investments in an unrealized loss position as of November 30, 2019 were not other-than-temporarily impaired, nor has any event occurred subsequent to that date to indicate any other-than-temporary impairment. We anticipate that cash, restricted cash, and total corporate investments as of November 30, 2019, along with projected operating cash flows and available short-term financing, will support our normal business operations, capital purchases, share repurchases, and dividend payments for the foreseeable future.

Short-Term Financing

We maintain credit facilities and letters of credit as part of our normal and recurring business operations.

Credit Facilities: We maintain three committed, unsecured credit facilities as follows:



Bank	Borrower ⁽¹⁾	Date Entered	Expiration Date	Maximum Amount Available	Purpose
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("JPM")⁽²⁾	Paychex of New York, LLC ("PoNY")	July 31, 2019	July 31, 2024	$1 Billion	To meet short-term funding requirements.
JPM ⁽²⁾	PoNY	August 17, 2017	August 17, 2022	$500 Million	To meet short-term funding requirements.
PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC")	Paychex Advance, LLC	March 17, 2016	March 17, 2020	$150 Million	To finance working capital needs and general corporate purposes.

(1)Borrower is a wholly owned subsidiary of our Company.

(2)JPM acts as the administrative agent for this syndicated credit facility.

On July 31, 2019, we entered into a credit agreement with a group of lenders led by JPM which established a new $1.0 billion five-year unsecured revolving credit facility (“2019 credit facility”). This revolving credit facility replaced our predecessor $1.0 billion five-year unsecured revolving credit facility that was entered into on August 5, 2015 (“2015 predecessor credit facility”) and which was terminated on July 31, 2019. Refer to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 1, 2019 for additional details.

For all credit facilities, obligations under any facility are guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries and will bear interest at competitive rates based on options provided to the borrower. Upon the expiration date, any borrowings outstanding will mature and be payable on such date.

JPM $1 Billion Credit Facility: There were no borrowings under this credit facility as of November 30, 2019. Details of borrowings under this 2019 credit facility and the 2015 predecessor credit facility during the second quarter and six months, and the respective prior year periods are as follows:


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		10			4			16			10
Maximum amount borrowed	$	694.0		$	483.0		$	694.0		$	483.0
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	398.4		$	389.8		$	357.1		$	285.7
Weighted-average interest rate		4.99	%		5.12	%		5.09	%		5.06	%

We typically borrow on an overnight basis and only borrowed on an overnight basis during the second quarter, six months, and the respective prior year periods.

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JPM $500 Million Credit Facility: There were no borrowings under this credit facility as of November 30, 2019. Details of borrowings under this credit facility during the second quarter and six months, and the respective prior year periods are as follows:



	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		14			3			24			7
Maximum amount borrowed	$	400.0		$	135.5		$	450.0		$	223.0
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	305.0		$	83.0		$	342.8		$	111.8
Weighted-average interest rate		3.15	%		5.25	%		3.21	%		5.07	%

We typically borrow on an overnight basis. In addition to overnight borrowings, during the second quarter and six months we borrowed:

$400.0 million for ten days at a weighted-average LIBOR-based interest rate of 3.00%;

$ 64.0 million for three days at a weighted-average interest rate of 4.75%.

In addition, during the six months, we borrowed:

$450.0 million for eight days at a weighted-average LIBOR-based interest rate of 3.00%.

We only borrowed on an overnight basis during the respective prior year periods. Subsequent to November 30, 2019, we borrowed three times, on an overnight basis, $168.2 million on a weighted-average basis under this line.

PNC $150 Million Credit Facility: As of November 30, 2019, we had $51.3 million outstanding under this credit facility which remains outstanding as of the date of this report. Details of borrowings under this credit facility during the second quarter and six months, and the respective prior year periods are as follows:


	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	November 30,						November 30,
$ in millions	2019			2018			2019			2018
Number of days borrowed		91			91			179			179
Maximum amount borrowed	$	56.7		$	57.7		$	56.7		$	57.7
Weighted-average amount borrowed	$	54.3		$	57.3		$	54.6		$	56.6
Weighted-average interest rate		2.74	%		2.68	%		2.90	%		2.61	%

All of our credit facilities contain various financial and operational covenants that are usual and customary for such arrangements. We were in compliance with all of these covenants as of November 30, 2019.

Certain lenders under these credit facilities, and their respective affiliates, have performed, and may in the future perform for us, various commercial banking, investment banking, underwriting, and other financial advisory services, for which they have received, and will continue to receive in the future, customary fees and expenses.

Long-term financing: On March 13, 2019, we borrowed $800.0 million through the issuance of long-term private placement debt to replace short-term borrowings under our JPM credit facilities used to fund the acquisition of Oasis. Long-term debt, at amortized cost, consisted of the following:


	November 30,
In millions	2019
Senior Notes, Series A	$	400.0
Senior Notes, Series B		400.0
Total long-term borrowings		800.0
Less: Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization		(3.4)
Long-term borrowings, net of debt issuance costs	$	796.6

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Certain information related to the Senior Notes are as follows:


	Senior Notes	Senior Notes
	Series A	Series B
Stated interest rate	4.07%	4.25%
Effective interest rate	4.16%	4.32%
Interest rate type	Fixed	Fixed
Interest payment dates	Semi-annual, in arrears	Semi-annual, in arrears
Principal payment dates	March 13, 2026	March 13, 2029
Note type	Unsecured	Unsecured

Letters of credit: As of November 30, 2019, we had irrevocable standby letters of credit outstanding totaling $147.4 million, required to secure commitments for certain insurance policies. The letters of credit expire at various dates between December 31, 2019 and November 30, 2020. No amounts were outstanding on these letters of credit during the second quarter or the six months, or as of November 30, 2019.

Other commitments: We enter into various purchase commitments with vendors in the ordinary course of business. We had outstanding commitments to purchase approximately $8.5 million of capital assets as of November 30, 2019. In addition, we are involved in two limited partnership agreements to contribute a maximum of $20.0 million to venture capital funds in the financial technology sector. As of November 30, 2019, we have contributed approximately $7.1 million of the total funding commitment.

In the normal course of business, we make representations and warranties that guarantee the performance of services under service arrangements with clients. Historically, there have been no material losses related to such guarantees. We have also entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors, which require us to defend and, if necessary, indemnify these individuals for certain pending or future legal claims as they relate to their services provided to us.

We currently self-insure the deductible portion of various insured exposures under certain corporate employee benefit plans. Our estimated loss exposure under these insurance arrangements is recorded in other current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Historically, the amounts accrued have not been material and were not material as of November 30, 2019. We also maintain corporate insurance coverage in addition to our purchased primary insurance policies for gap coverage for employment practices liability, errors and omissions, warranty liability, theft and embezzlement, cyber threats, and acts of terrorism; and capacity for deductibles and self-insured retentions through our captive insurance company.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As part of our ongoing business, we do not participate in transactions with unconsolidated entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other limited purposes. We do maintain investments as a limited partner in both low-income housing projects and venture capital funds focused on the financial technology sector. These are not considered part of our ongoing operations. These investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and represented less than one percent of our total assets as of November 30, 2019.

Operating Cash Flow Activities



	For the six months ended
	November 30,
In millions	2019		2018
Net income	$	522.9	$	479.4
Non-cash adjustments to net income		243.4		225.3
Cash used in operating assets and liabilities		(201.7)		(207.5)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	564.6	$	497.2

The increase in our operating cash flows for the six months, compared to the same period last year, was the result of higher net income and non-cash adjustments. The increase in non-cash adjustments was primarily due to higher amortization expense of intangible assets related to the acquisition of Oasis, partially offset by a lower provision for deferred income taxes.

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Investing Cash Flow Activities



	For the six months ended
	November 30,
In millions	2019		2018
Net change in purchases and sales/maturities of available-for-sale securities	$	629.3	$	115.5
Purchases of property and equipment		(59.9)		(60.8)
Purchases of other assets		(4.2)		(1.0)
Net cash provided by investing activities	$	565.2	$	53.7

Purchases and sales/maturities of available-for-sale securities: Available-for-sale securities include funds held for clients and corporate investments. The portfolio of funds held for clients and corporate investments is detailed in Note F of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Fluctuations in the net change in purchases and sales/maturities are largely due to timing within the client funds portfolio. The amount of funds held for clients will vary based upon the timing of collection of client funds, and the related remittance of funds to applicable tax or regulatory agencies for payroll tax administration services and to employees of clients utilizing employee payment services. Specific timing impacting cash flows for the six months and respective prior year period are discussed further in the “Financing Cash Flow Activities” section which follows.

Additional discussion of interest rates and related risks is included in the “Market Risk Factors” section of this Form 10-Q.

Financing Cash Flow Activities



	For the six months ended
	November 30,
In millions, except per share amounts	2019		2018
Net change in client fund obligations	$	(88.0)	$	(1,017.6)
Net proceeds from short-term borrowings		51.3		57.3
Dividends paid		(444.3)		(402.7)
Repurchases of common shares		(171.9)		(32.8)
Activity related to equity-based plans		7.9		12.2
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(645.0)	$	(1,383.6)
Cash dividends per common share	$	1.24	$	1.12

Net change in client fund obligations: The client fund obligations liability will vary based on the timing of collecting client funds and the related required remittance of funds to applicable tax or regulatory agencies for payroll tax administration services and to employees of clients utilizing employee payment services. Collections from clients are typically remitted from one to 30 days after receipt, with some items extending to 90 days.

The six months and the respective prior year period both reflected a net cash outflow resulting from the net change in client fund obligations. Client fund obligation balances can be significantly impacted by the timing of the period end and overall trends in client fund balances. November 30, 2019 fell on a Saturday, the day after a significant payment day for direct pay funds, and May 31, 2019 fell on a Friday. As a result, timing impacts were not as significant as in the prior year when November 30, 2018 was on a Friday but May 31, 2018 was on a Thursday, a significant collections day. Funds collected on May 31, 2018 were then paid out on Friday, June 1, 2018 impacting the cash outflows reported in the prior year period.

Dividends paid: The increase in dividend payments for the six months compared to the corresponding period last year is primarily due to an 11% increase in our dividend rate beginning in May 2019, offset slightly by the impact of repurchases of our common stock. The payment of future dividends is dependent on our future earnings and cash flow and is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors (the “Board”).

Repurchases of common stock: In May 2019, our Board approved a program to repurchase up to $400.0 million of our common stock, with authorization expiring in May 2022. During the six months, we repurchased 2.0 million shares for $171.9 million. During the respective prior year period, we repurchased 0.5 million shares for $32.8 million under a previously authorized program. The purpose of both programs is to manage common stock dilution. All shares of common stock repurchased were retired. As of November 30, 2019, approximately $228.1 million remains available under the May 2019 approved common stock repurchase program.

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MARKET RISK FACTORS

Changes in interest rates and interest rate risk: Funds held for clients are primarily comprised of short-term funds and available-for-sale securities. Corporate investments are primarily comprised of available-for-sale securities. As a result of our investing activities, we are exposed to changes in interest rates that may materially affect our results of operations and financial position. Changes in interest rates will impact the earnings potential of future investments and will cause fluctuations in the fair value of our longer-term available-for-sale securities. We follow an investment strategy of protecting principal and optimizing liquidity. A substantial portion of our portfolios is invested in high credit quality securities with ratings of AA or higher, and A-1/P-1 ratings on short-term securities. We invest predominantly in municipal bonds - including general obligation bonds; pre-refunded bonds, which are secured by a U.S. government escrow; and essential services revenue bonds - along with U.S. government agency and treasury securities, corporate bonds, and asset-backed securities. We limit the amounts that can be invested in any single issuer and invest primarily in short- to intermediate-term instruments whose fair value is less sensitive to interest rate changes. We manage the available-for-sale securities to a benchmark duration of two and one-half to three and three-quarters years.

During the six months, our primary short-term investment vehicles were money market securities, bank demand and time deposit accounts, and U.S. government agency and treasury securities. We have no exposure to high-risk or illiquid investments. We have insignificant exposure to European investments. We have not and do not utilize derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk.

During the six months, the average interest rate earned on our combined funds held for clients and corporate investment portfolios was 2.0% compared with 1.8% for the respective prior year period. When interest rates are falling, the full impact of lower interest rates will not immediately be reflected in net income due to the interaction of short- and long-term interest rate changes. During a falling interest rate environment, earnings decrease from our short-term investments, and over time earnings will decrease from our longer-term available-for-sale securities. Earnings from the available-for-sale-securities, which as of November 30, 2019 had an average duration of 3.1 years, would not reflect decreases in interest rates until the investments are sold or mature and the proceeds are reinvested at lower rates.



	November 30, 2019
	Amortized		Fair
In millions	cost		value
Maturity date:
Due in one year or less	$	336.9	$	337.8
Due after one year through three years		797.0		806.7
Due after three years through five years		937.0		953.0
Due after five years		882.5		894.6
Total	$	2,953.4	$	2,992.1

VRDNs are primarily categorized as due after five years in the table above as the contractual maturities on these securities are typically 20 to 30 years. Although these securities are issued as long-term securities, they are priced and traded as short-term instruments because of the liquidity provided through the tender feature.

As of November 30, 2019, the Federal Funds rate was in the range of 1.50% to 1.75%. The Federal Reserve has reduced the Federal Funds rate by 25 basis points three times in fiscal 2020 after periodically raising the rate from December 2015 through May 2019.

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Calculating the future effects of changing interest rates involves many factors. These factors include, but are not limited to:

daily interest rate changes;

seasonal variations in investment balances;

actual duration of short-term and available-for-sale securities;

the proportion of taxable and tax-exempt investments;

changes in tax-exempt municipal rates versus taxable investment rates, which are not synchronized or simultaneous; and

financial market volatility and the resulting effect on benchmark and other indexing interest rates.

Subject to these factors and under normal financial market conditions, a 25-basis-point change in taxable interest rates generally affects our tax-exempt interest rates by approximately 17 basis points. Under normal financial market conditions, the impact to earnings from a 25-basis-point change in short-term interest rates would be approximately $3.0 million to $4.0 million, after taxes, for a twelve month period. Such a basis point change may or may not be tied to changes in the Federal Funds rate.

Our total investment portfolio (funds held for clients and corporate cash equivalents and investments) is expected to average approximately $4.9 billion for fiscal 2020. Our anticipated allocation is approximately 40% invested in short-term and VRDNs with an average duration of less than 30 days and 60% invested in available-for-sale securities, with an average duration of two and one-half to three and three-quarters years.

The combined funds held for clients and corporate available-for-sale securities reflected net unrealized gains of $38.7 million as of November 30, 2019 and $19.7 million as of May 31, 2019. During the six months, the net unrealized gain on our investment portfolios ranged from $19.8 million to $57.3 million. These fluctuations were driven by changes in market rates of interest. The net unrealized gain on our investment portfolios was approximately $33.4 million as of December 16, 2019.

As of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019, we had $3.0 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, invested in available-for-sale securities at fair value. The weighted-average yield-to-maturity was 2.1% as of November 30, 2019 and as of May 31, 2019. The weighted-average yield-to-maturity excludes available-for-sale securities tied to short-term interest rates, such as VRDNs. Assuming a hypothetical increase in longer-term interest rates of 25 basis points, the resulting potential decrease in fair value for our portfolio of available-for-sale securities as of November 30, 2019, would be in the range of $20.0 million to $25.0 million. Conversely, a corresponding decrease in interest rates would result in a comparable increase in fair value. This hypothetical increase or decrease in the fair value of the portfolio would be recorded as an adjustment to the portfolio’s recorded value, with an offsetting amount recorded in stockholders’ equity. These fluctuations in fair value would have no related or immediate impact on the results of operations, unless any declines in fair value were considered to be other-than-temporary and an impairment loss recognized.

Credit risk: We are exposed to credit risk in connection with these investments through the possible inability of the borrowers to meet the terms of their bonds. We regularly review our investment portfolios to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns. We believe that the investments we held as of November 30, 2019 were not other-than-temporarily impaired. While $421.3 million of our available-for-sale securities had fair values that were below amortized cost, we believe that it is probable that the principal and interest will be collected in accordance with the contractual terms, and that the gross unrealized losses of $1.9 million were due to changes in interest rates and were not due to increased credit risk or other valuation concerns. A majority of the securities in an unrealized loss position as of November 30, 2019 and May 31, 2019 held an AA rating or better. We do not intend to sell these investments until the recovery of their amortized cost basis or maturity, and further believe that it is not more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell these investments prior to that time. Our assessment that an investment is not other-than-temporarily impaired could change in the future due to new developments or changes in our strategies or assumptions related to any particular investment.

We have some credit risk exposure in connection with our purchase of accounts receivable as a means of providing payroll funding to clients in the temporary staffing industry. This credit risk exposure is diversified amongst multiple client arrangements and all such arrangements are regularly reviewed for potential write-off. No single client is material in respect to total accounts receivable, service revenue, or results of operations.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our critical accounting policies are described in Item 7 of our Form 10-K for fiscal 2019, filed with the SEC on July 24, 2019. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the critical accounting policies used to prepare our consolidated financial statements, including, but not limited to, those related to:

revenue recognition;

PEO insurance reserves;

goodwill and other intangible assets;

impairment of long-lived assets;

stock-based compensation costs; and

income taxes.

There have been no material changes in these aforementioned critical accounting policies.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements: Refer to Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of recently adopted accounting pronouncements.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements: Refer to Note A of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risk

The information called for by this item is provided under the caption “Market Risk Factors” under Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Disclosure controls and procedures are designed with the objective of ensuring that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), such as this report, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed with the objective of ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) have concluded that as of November 30, 2019, the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: The Company carried out an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any change occurred during the quarter ended November 30, 2019. Based on such evaluation, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recently completed fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2019, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS


	Exhibit number	Description
*	31.1	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*	31.2	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*	32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*	32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
	101.INS	XBRL instance document.
	101.SCH	XBRL taxonomy extension schema document.
	101.CAL	XBRL taxonomy extension calculation linkbase document.
	101.LAB	XBRL taxonomy label linkbase document.
	101.PRE	XBRL taxonomy extension presentation linkbase document.
	101.DEF	XBRL taxonomy extension definition linkbase document.

* Exhibit filed with this report

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

PAYCHEX, INC.


Date:	December 20, 2019	/s/ Martin Mucci
		Martin Mucci
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	December 20, 2019	/s/ Efrain Rivera
		Efrain Rivera
		Senior Vice President, Chief
		Financial Officer, and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Date:	December 20, 2019	/s/ Robert L. Schrader Robert L. Schrader Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)