Petrolia Energy Corp - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

OR

Commission file number: 000-52690

PETROLIA ENERGY CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (832-941-0011)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share

(Title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, and accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes [  ] No [X]

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2018 was approximately $9,218,139.

As of October 15, 2019, the registrant had 164,548,726 outstanding shares of common stock.

Documents Incorporated by Reference: None

Table of Contents

PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Report contains statements which, to the extent that they do not recite historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may include the words “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan” or other words or expressions of similar meaning. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations about future events. The forward-looking statements include statements that reflect management’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations and intentions with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, future performance and business, including statements relating to our business strategy and our current and future development plans.

The potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual financial condition, results of operations and future performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this report include:

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Many factors discussed in this report, some of which are beyond our control, will be important in determining our future performance. Consequently, actual results may differ materially from those that might be anticipated from the forward-looking statements. In light of these and other uncertainties, you should not regard the inclusion of a forward-looking statement in this Report as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved, and you should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

You should read the matters described in “Risk Factors” and the other cautionary statements made in this Report as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Report. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Report will prove to be accurate and therefore prospective investors are encouraged not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.

Please see the “Glossary of Oil and Gas Terms” on page 9, for a list of abbreviations and definitions used throughout this report.

Except where context otherwise requires and for purposes of the Annual Report on Form 10-K only:

Available Information

We are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, under which we file periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Copies of the reports, proxy statements and other information may be examined on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov.

Financial and other information about the Company is available on our website (http://www.petroliaenergy.com/). Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report. We make available on our website, free of charge, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the SEC.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

Background

We were incorporated in Colorado on January 16, 2002. In February 2012, we decided it would be in the best interests of our shareholders to no longer pursue our original business plan (the sale of custom framed artwork, art accessories and interior design consulting) and, in April 2012, we became active in the exploration and development of oil and gas properties.

Effective September 2, 2016, we formally changed our name to Petrolia Energy Corporation, pursuant to the filing of a Statement of Conversion with the Secretary of State of Colorado and a Certificate of Conversion with the Secretary of State of Texas, authorized by the Plan of Conversion which was approved by our stockholders at our April 14, 2016, annual meeting of stockholders, each of which are described in greater detail in the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 23, 2016. In addition to the Certificate of Conversion filing, we filed a Certificate of Correction filing with the Secretary of State of Texas (correcting certain errors in our originally filed Certificate of Formation) on August 24, 2016.

As previously reported, although the stockholders approved the Plan of Conversion at the annual meeting, pursuant to which our corporate jurisdiction was to be changed from the State of Colorado to the State of Texas by means of a process called a “Conversion” and our name was to be changed to “Petrolia Energy Corporation”, those filings were not immediately made and the Conversion did not become legally effective until September 2, 2016. Specifically, on June 15, 2016, the Company filed a Certificate of Conversion with the Texas Secretary of State, affecting the Conversion and the name change, and including a Certificate of Formation as a converted Texas corporation; however, the Statement of Conversion was not filed with the State of Colorado until a later date. As a result, and because FINRA and the Depository Trust Company (DTC) had advised us that they would not recognize the Conversion or name change, or update such related information in the marketplace until we became current in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and they had a chance to review and approve such transactions, we took the position that the Conversion and name change were not legally effective until September 2, 2016.

As a result of the filings described above, and FINRA and the Depository Trust Company (DTC) formally recognizing and reflecting the events described above in the marketplace, the Company has formally converted from a Colorado corporation to a Texas corporation, and has formally changed its name to “Petrolia Energy Corporation”.

Two significant acquisitions were made in 2015 and additional working interests in the same properties were acquired in 2016 and 2017, as described in greater detail in the “Plan of Operation” section below. Additionally, in February 2018, we acquired Bow Energy Ltd. and its assets (“Bow”), provided that in September 2018, we divested Bow, each as discussed in greater detail below, including in “Note 4. Acquisition of Bow Energy Ltd., a Related Party” and “Note 5. Disposition of Bow Energy Ltd., a Related Party”, in the consolidated audited financial statements included herein.

Plan of Operation

Since 2015, we have established a clearly defined strategy to acquire, enhance and redevelop high-quality, resource in place assets. The Company has been focusing on acquisitions in the Southwest United States and Canada while actively pursuing our strategy to offer low-cost operational solutions in established Oil and Gas regions. We believe our mix of assets-oil-in-place conventional plays, low-risk resource plays and the redevelopment of our late-stage plays is a solid foundation for continued growth and future revenue growth.

Our strategy is to acquire low risk, conventionally producing oil fields. This strategy allows us to incorporate new technology to minimize risk and maximize the recoverability of existing reservoirs. This approach allows us to minimize the environmental impact caused by exploratory development.

Our activities will primarily be dependent upon available financing.

Oil and gas leases are considered real property. Title to properties which we may acquire will be subject to landowner’s royalties, overriding royalties, carried working and other similar interests and contractual arrangements customary in the oil and gas industry, to liens for current taxes not yet due, liens for amounts owing to persons operating wells, and other encumbrances. As is customary in the industry, in the case of undeveloped properties, little investigation of record title will be made at the time of acquisition (other than a preliminary review of local records). However, drilling title opinions may be obtained before commencement of drilling operations.

Minerva-Rockdale (“NOACK”) Field

The Minerva-Rockdale Field, which is located approximately 30 miles Northeast of Austin, Texas, was first discovered in 1921 and is approximately 50 square miles in size. The main producing formation for this field is the Upper Cretaceous Navarro Group of sands and shales. The Navarro is typically subdivided into several producing zones from the uppermost “A” and “B” sands to the lower “C” and “D” sands. The “B” sand is the primary producing zone. These sands are commonly fine grained and poorly sorted and were deposited close to a shoreline during a cycle of marine regression.

In April 2013, the Company entered into a lease pertaining to a 423-acre tract in Milam County, Texas, which is adjacent to the Company’s original 200 acre lease. The Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock as consideration for a 100% working interest (83.33% net revenue interest) in such lease.

In August 2013, we became an oil and gas operator and took over the operation of 100% of our wells. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company hired Jovian Petroleum Corporation (“Jovian”) to survey the operations and well performance at the NOACK field. Their report identified paraffin buildup problems in the well bores and gathering lines as the main production issue for the Company to overcome. In December 2014, the Company signed an operating agreement with Jovian to assume full operational responsibility for the NOACK field under a fixed fee agreement of $10,000 per month for full operating field services. On March 1, 2015, the Company hired Zel C. Khan, our current CEO and director, who is a stockholder and former employee of Jovian. The CEO and President of Jovian is Quinten Beasley, our former director (resigned October 31, 2018).

During the period from our inception to December 31, 2011, we did not drill any oil or gas wells. During the year-ended December 31, 2012, we drilled and completed six (6) oil wells. During 2013, the Company drilled and completed three (3) wells of which one (1) was converted to an injection well. During 2014, the Company drilled seven (7) new wells. In 2015, six (6) of the wells were completed, five (5) wells produced, one (1) did not produce, and one (1) well was not completed. During 2016, the Company had three (3) wells producing, ten (10) wells to workover, with one (1) injection well, one (1) that did not produce, and one (1) well not completed. During 2017, the Company had four (4) wells producing, ten (10) wells to workover, with one (1) injection well, and one (1) well not completed. During 2018, the Company had six (6) wells producing, eight (8) wells to workover, with one (1) injection well, and one (1) well not completed.

On November 1, 2018, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“PSA”) with Crossroads Petroleum L.L.C. and Houston Gulf Energy. Pursuant to the Sale Agreement, the Company sold Crossroads an 83% leasehold net revenue interest and 100% working interest, in the NOACK field assets, i.e., the Company’s leasehold in the Noack Farms, Minera Lease and all related leases and assets located in Milam County, Texas (the “NOACK Assets”). The Sale Agreement included customary indemnification obligations of the parties. Crossroads agreed to pay $375,000 for the NOACK Assets plus $5,000 per month, on a month-to-month basis, until they are granted official operatorship by the Railroad Commission, the payment plan was as follows: (a) a $13,500 deposit which was made on October 12, 2018; (b) $121,500 which was paid on November 7, 2018, (c) $60,000 which was paid on February 8, 2019; (d) $65,000 which was paid on February 28, 2019; and (e) $125,000 which was due March 31, 2019 and was not paid. The sale had an effective date of November 1, 2018. Until paid in full, the Company maintained a secured lien against the assets sold which could be foreclosed upon after a 30-day cure period. The Company recognized impairment on the property of $2,322,255 on September 30, 2018, to write it down to its sale price. Upon sale, the Company derecognized the cost and accumulated depletion and impairment with no gain or loss and removed the carrying value of the ARO of $246,263 from the cost pool of the United States properties. The balance receivable for the sale of $240,000 is included in other current assets.

Crossroads defaulted on the PSA as described above and the Company took proper measures to foreclose on the NOACK Assets on April 3, 2019 and reclaimed title to the property. The property was subsequently sold to FlowTex Energy L.L.C. for $400,000 with an effective closing date of September 1, 2019. The Sale Agreement includes customary indemnification obligations of the parties. As per the Sale Agreement, a $20,000 deposit was received on August 15, 2019 and a $355,000 payment was due on close of the sale of which $155,000 was received on August 30, 2019 and the balance remains outstanding; and (c) $25,000 one year after close on August 30, 2020.

Slick Unit Dutcher Sands (“SUDS”) Field

The SUDS oilfield consists of 2,600 acres located in Creek County, Oklahoma and carries a 76.5% net revenue interest (NRI). The first oil producer was completed in 1918 by Standard Oil of Ohio (“Sohio”), which at that time was owned by John D. Rockefeller. By 1959, approximately 14,000,000 barrels of oil had been recovered at an average well depth of 3,100 feet and over 100 wells in production. Through a series of events, the infrastructure had deteriorated, and the field suffered a lot of neglect. Since 2011, Jovian has invested an estimated $1.6 million into the restoration of the field; rebuilding the infrastructure and putting wells back in production. To date, 22 wells have been worked over and 9 are fully operational with considerable reserves remaining.

The Company has developed a new well drill plan alongside its consultant geologist, RKR Services Company, LLC. (“RKR”). RKR interpreted the Initial Potential Flow map, the Net Dutcher Sands map, and the top of Dutcher Sand Structure map for the optimum locations of five proposed new drill wells in the SUDS field. The new well locations are situated in those locations where oil saturations are projected to be the highest. The Company intends to drill these 5 wells in the 1^st Quarter of 2020, funding permitted.

SUDS 10% Acquisition

The Company acquired a 10% working interest in the SUDS field located in Creek County, Oklahoma on September 23, 2015, in exchange for 10,586,805 shares of restricted common stock. Based on the then current market value of our common stock, $0.068 per share, the price paid was $719,903 or $4.77 dollars per barrel of oil (Bbl). Through this transaction, the Company increased its reserve base by approximately 151,000 Bbls of (1P) proven reserves. Concurrently with the purchase, Jovian agreed to assign to the Company the right to be the operator of record of the SUDS field, governed by an American Association of Professional Landmen (AAPL) standard Joint Operating Agreement (JOA).

SUDS 90% Acquisition

On the effective date of September 28, 2016, the Company acquired a 90% net working interest in the SUDS field as a result of two separate agreements, Purchase and Sale Agreement and the Share Exchange Agreement, both between the Company and Jovian.

The Company issued two notes for a combined value of $4,000,000 in exchange for a cumulative 50% working interest in SUDS. A Promissory Note to Jovian for $1,000,000 was executed bearing interest at 5% and due on December 31, 2016 related to the acquisition of a 50% working interest in the SUDS field. The Promissory Note was secured by a 12.5% undivided working interest in the SUDS field. In addition, a Production Payment Note was executed for the same 50% working interest in the SUDS field. This note was for $3,000,000, paid out of twenty percent (20%) of the 50% undivided interest of net revenues received by the Company that is attributable to the SUDS field assets. The Production Payment Note was secured by a 12.5% undivided working interest in the SUDS field.

The Company issued 24,308,985 shares of its restricted common stock to Jovian to acquire an additional 40% working interest ownership of SUDS. The purchase price of the shares equates to a $4,373,186 value, based on the $0.1799 per share market price of our common stock on September 28, 2016 (the effective date of the transaction).

Jovian converted its outstanding $4,000,000 of debt in two tranches, a $2,000,000 first tranche on May 30, 2017 and a $2,000,000 second tranche on July 19, 2017. Although the two transactions occurred in different reporting periods, the two transactions were contemplated together, and they were accounted for as one extinguishment that was accomplished in two tranches, the first in May 2017 and the second in July 2017.

Tranche 1 - On May 30, 2017, Jovian converted $2 million of its $4 million debt into 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The $2 million debt included a $1 million Promissory Note and $1 million of the $3 million Production Payment Note as well as interest payable of $33,151.

Tranche 2 - On July 19, 2017, Jovian converted $2 million of its remaining debt (outstanding under a Production Payment Note) into 12,749,286 shares of the Company’s common stock and 21,510 shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock.

The consideration for the debt extinguished consisted of the following:

The combination of the two transactions resulted in an $88,755 loss which was recognized in the second quarter of 2017. The extinguishment of tranche 2 was recognized in the third quarter of 2017, with no impact on the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company is currently working on a 5 well drill program where 5 infill locations have been identified already and will be drilled in the 1^st Quarter of 2020, funding permitting.

Twin Lakes San Andres Unit (“TLSAU”) Field

TLSAU is located 45 miles from Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico and consists of 4,864 acres with 130 wells. The last independent reserve report prepared by MKM Engineering on December 31, 2018, reflects approximately 1.6 million barrels of proven oil reserves remaining for the 100% working interest. As of December 31, 2018, the Company took control of thirty-eight (38) wells of which twenty-one (21) were re-worked of which eight (8) wells remain producing and thirteen (13) wells experienced a repairable mechanical failure after several weeks of production. Six (6) of these wells did not show signs of production and were dedicated for injection purpose. Petrolia owns a 100% working interest in the field and is the designated Operator.

TLSAU 15% Acquisition

On November 4, 2015, the Company acquired a 15% net working interest in the TLSAU field located in Chaves County, New Mexico (the “Net Working Interest”) and all operating equipment on the field. Through this transaction, the Company increased its reserve base by approximately 384,800 Bbls of (1P) proven reserves. The Company was also assigned all rights to be the operator of the TLSAU unit under a standard operating agreement.

The total purchase price for the acquisition of the Net Working Interest and equipment rights was $196,875 or $0.52 per barrel of oil (Bbl) and was paid to Blue Sky NM, Inc. (“BSNM”). The Company paid $50,000 in cash and gave a promissory note in the amount of $146,875. The $50,000 was paid by the CEO of the Company for the benefit of the Company and recorded as a shareholder advance. Subsequently, the $50,000 advance was converted into 800,000 shares of common stock at $0.06 per share and warrants to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock that have since expired as they had a three (3) year term at an exercise price of $0.10. In addition, a $1.3 million face value note payable to BSNM was purchased for $316,800 (the “BSNM Note”) (6,000,000 shares of common stock valued at $0.0528 per share). With the inclusion of the note receivable, the price per barrel would have been $1.33 dollars per barrel oil (Bbl).

TLSAU 25% Acquisition

On September 1, 2016, the Company acquired an additional 25% working interest ownership in the TLSAU field in consideration for the issuance of 3,500,000 shares of its restricted common stock to an unrelated party. The purchase price of the shares equates to a $350,000 value, based on the $0.10 per share market price of Petrolia’s shares on September 1, 2016. After the purchase, the Company owned a total working interest ownership of 40%. The final purchase price allocation of the transaction is as follows: oil and gas properties acquired $392,252, and asset retirement obligations assumed of $42,252.

TLSAU 60% Acquisition

Effective February 12, 2017, the Company acquired an additional 60% working interest ownership in the TLSAU field (the “Net Working Interest”) resulting from the execution of a Settlement Agreement on February 12, 2017. The agreement assigned Dead Aim Investments’ (“Dead Aim’s”) 60% ownership interests to the Company. As a result of this transaction, Petrolia now owns a 100% working interest in TLSAU. Consideration of $465,788 was given in exchange for Dead Aim’s working interest. The consideration includes the forgiveness of the BSNM Note of $316,800 (with a $1.3 million face value) which we acquired in November 2015 and the write-off of $148,988 of Dead Aim’s outstanding accounts receivable to Petrolia. Dead Aim assumed liability (prior to the acquisition) for the forgiveness of the Orbit Petroleum Inc Bankruptcy Estate (“OPBE”) note that the Company previously purchased.

Since the acquisition of this field, the Company has worked on various environmental remediation and compliance items required by the New Mexico Energy Department. To date, the Company has worked over twenty-one (21) wells. As of the end of the 3^rd Quarter of 2019, the Company has resumed its workover plan to bring additional wells online and update the general facility infrastructure, such as electric lines, flow lines and roadways.

The Company is actively seeking a partnership in developing the San Andres formation at this lease.

Askarii Resources, LLC

Effective February 1, 2016, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding interests of Askarii Resources LLC (“Askarii”), a private Texas based oil & gas service company. The Company acquired Askarii by issuing one (1) million restricted shares of common stock. Based on the then market value of the Company’s common stock of $0.05 per share, the aggregate value of the transaction was $50,000.

Askarii, while dormant for the last few years, has a significant history with major oil companies providing services both onshore and offshore- Gulf of Mexico. Using Askarii, the Company plans to engage in the oil field service business as well as the leasing of field related heavy equipment. It is also contemplated that Askarii will research various enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies and methods which it can use for the benefit of the Company’s oil fields.

Bow Energy Ltd., a related party

On February 27, 2018, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares in Bow Energy Ltd., which has contracts covering a total land position in Indonesia of 948,029 net acres, as described in greater detail below.

Effective on August 31, 2018, the Company entered into and closed the transactions contemplated by a Share Exchange Agreement with Blue Sky Resources Ltd. (“Blue Sky” and the “Exchange Agreement”) to sell Bow Energy Ltd while retaining a 20% interest in Bow’s subsidiary, Bow Energy International Holdings Inc. (“BEIH”). The President, Chief Executive Officer and 100% owner of Blue Sky is Ilyas Chaudhary, the father of Zel C. Khan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The acquisition of Bow in February 2018 and the disposition of Bow in September 2018 are each discussed in greater detail in “Note 4. Acquisition of Bow Energy Ltd., a Related Party” and “Note 5. Disposition of Bow Energy Ltd., a Related Party”, in the consolidated audited financial statements included herein.

In connection with the closing of the Exchange Agreement, the Company cancelled shares of common stock previously held by Blue Sky (and affiliates) and returned such shares to the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The 70,807,417 shares returned to treasury were subsequently cancelled.

Canadian properties – Luseland, Hearts Hill and Cuthbert fields

Effective on June 29, 2018, the Company acquired a 25% working interest in approximately 41,526 acres located in the Luseland, Hearts Hill, and Cuthbert fields, located in Southwest Saskatchewan and Eastern Alberta, Canada (collectively, the “Canadian Properties” and the “Working Interest”). The Canadian Properties currently encompass 64 sections, with 240 oil and 12 natural gas wells currently producing on the properties. Additionally, there are several idle wells with potential for reactivation and 34 sections of undeveloped land (approximately 21,760 acres). The Canadian Properties and the Working Interest were acquired from Blue Sky (a related party, as described above). Blue Sky had previously acquired an 80% working interest from Georox Resources Inc., who had acquired the Canadian Properties from Cona Resources Ltd.

On September 17, 2018, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with Blue Sky to obtain the rights to acquire an additional 3% working interest in the Canadian Properties, increasing our Working Interest to 28%. Total consideration paid from the Company to Blue Sky for the additional 3% Working Interest was $150,000.

The following table shows our producing wells, developed acreage, and undeveloped acreage as of April 12, 2019, for the Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico properties and as of September 22, 2019, for the Alberta/Saskatchewan properties:

The following table shows the status of our gross acreage as of April 12, 2019, for the Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico properties, and as of September 22, 2019, for the Alberta/Saskatchewan properties:

Leases on acres that are Held by Production remain in force so long as oil or gas is produced from one or more wells on the particular lease. Leased acres that are not held by Production require annual rental payments to maintain the lease until the first to occur of the following: the expiration of the lease or the time oil or gas is produced from one or more wells drilled on the leased acreage. At the time oil or gas is produced from wells drilled on the leased acreage, the lease is considered to be Held by Production.

Proved Reserves

Below is a table that provides historical average sales price per barrel and average production cost per barrel by geographical location and by year, for the last three (3) fiscal years.

Below are estimates of our net proved reserves as of December 31, 2018, net to our interest. Our proved reserves are located in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Canada.

Estimates of volumes of proved reserves at December 31, 2018 are presented in barrels (Bbls) for oil and, for natural gas, in thousands of cubic feet (Mcf) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the areas in which the gas reserves are located.

Proved developed and proved undeveloped reserves increased from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018, primarily due to the acquisition of the Canadian Properties and revision of prior estimates, partially offset by the disposition of reserves and production in the current year.

Below are estimates of our present value of estimated future net revenues from our proved reserves based upon the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932, Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is determined by using estimated quantities of proved reserves and the periods in which they are expected to be developed and produced based on period-end economic conditions. The estimated future production is based upon benchmark prices that reflect the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for oil and gas during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2018. The resulting estimated future cash inflows are then reduced by estimated future costs to develop and produce reserves based on period-end cost levels. No deduction has been made for depletion, depreciation or for indirect costs, such as general corporate overhead. Present values were computed by discounting future net revenues by 10% per year.

MKM Engineering prepared the estimates of our proved reserves, future production and income attributable to our leasehold interests in the United States and Canada as of December 31, 2018. Michele Mudrone was the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of the 2018 reserve report. Ms. Mudrone has more than 25 years of practical experience in the estimation and evaluation of petroleum reserves. MKM Engineering is an independent petroleum engineering firm that provides petroleum consulting services to the oil and gas industry. The estimates of drilled reserves, future production and income attributable to certain leasehold and royalty interests are based on technical analysis conducted by engineers employed at MKM Engineering.

Zel C. Khan, our CEO, oversaw preparation of the reserve estimates by MKM Engineering. We do not have a reserve committee and we do not have any specific internal controls regarding the estimates of our reserves.

Our proved reserves include only those amounts which we reasonably expect to recover in the future from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, at current prices and costs, under existing regulatory practices and with existing technology. Accordingly, any changes in prices, operating and development costs, regulations, technology or other factors could significantly increase or decrease estimates of proved reserves.

Proved reserves were estimated by performance methods, the volumetric method, analogy, or a combination of methods utilizing present economic conditions and limited to those proved reserves economically recoverable. The performance methods include decline curve analysis that utilize extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through December 31, 2018 in those cases where such data was considered to be definitive.

Forecasts for future production rates are based on historical performance from wells currently on production in the region with an economic cut-off for production based upon the projected net revenue being equal to the projected operating expenses. No further reserves or valuation were given to any wells beyond their economic cut-off. Where no production decline trends have been established due to the limited historical production records from wells on the properties, surrounding wells historical production records were used and extrapolated to wells of the property. Where applicable, the actual calculated present decline rate of any well was used to determine future production volumes to be economically recovered. The calculated present rate of decline was then used to determine the present economic life of the production from the reservoir.

For wells currently on production, forecasts of future production rates were based on historical performance data. If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to produce was anticipated. An estimated rate of decline was then applied to economic depletion of the reserves. If a decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production rates.

Proved developed non-producing and undeveloped reserves were estimated primarily by the performance and historical extrapolation methods. Test data and other related information were used to estimate the anticipated initial production rates from those wells or locations that are not currently producing. For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence at a date we determined to be reasonable.

In general, the volume of production from our oil and gas properties declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent we acquire additional properties containing proved reserves or conduct successful exploration and development activities, or both, our proved reserves will decline as reserves are produced. Accordingly, volumes generated from our future activities are highly dependent upon the level of success in acquiring or finding additional reserves and the costs incurred in doing so.

Government Regulation

Various state and federal agencies regulate the production and sale of oil and natural gas. All states in which we plan to operate impose restrictions on the drilling, production, transportation and sale of oil and natural gas.

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (the “FERC”) regulates the interstate transportation and the sale in interstate commerce for resale of natural gas. The FERC’s jurisdiction over interstate natural gas sales has been substantially modified by the Natural Gas Policy Act under which the FERC continued to regulate the maximum selling prices of certain categories of gas sold in “first sales” in interstate and intrastate commerce.

FERC has pursued policy initiatives that have affected natural gas marketing. Most notable are (1) the large-scale divestiture of interstate pipeline-owned gas gathering facilities to affiliated or non-affiliated companies; (2) further development of rules governing the relationship of the pipelines with their marketing affiliates; (3) the publication of standards relating to the use of electronic bulletin boards and electronic data exchange by the pipelines to make available transaction information on a timely basis and to enable transactions to occur on a purely electronic basis; (4) further review of the role of the secondary market for released pipeline capacity and its relationship to open access service in the primary market; and (5) development of policy and promulgation of orders pertaining to its authorization of market-based rates (rather than traditional cost-of-service based rates) for transportation or transportation-related services upon the pipeline’s demonstration of lack of market control in the relevant service market. We do not know what effect the FERC’s other activities will have on the access to markets, the fostering of competition and the cost of doing business.

Our sale of oil and natural gas liquids will not be regulated and will be at market prices. The price received from the sale of these products will be affected by the cost of transporting the products to market. Much of that transportation is through interstate common carrier pipelines.

Federal, state, and local agencies have promulgated extensive rules and regulations applicable to our oil and natural gas exploration, production and related operations. Most states require permits for drilling operations, drilling bonds and the filing of reports concerning operations, and impose other requirements relating to the exploration of oil and natural gas. Many states also have statutes or regulations addressing conservation matters including provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and natural gas properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells and the regulation of spacing, plugging and abandonment of such wells. The statutes and regulations of some states limit the rate at which oil and natural gas is produced from our properties. The federal and state regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business and affects our profitability. Because these rules and regulations are amended or reinterpreted frequently, we are unable to predict the future cost or impact of complying with those laws.

Competition and Marketing

We will be faced with strong competition from many other companies and individuals engaged in the oil and gas business, many are very large, well established energy companies with substantial capabilities and established earnings records. We will be at a competitive disadvantage in acquiring oil and gas prospects since we must compete with these individuals and companies, many of which have greater financial resources and larger technical staffs. It is nearly impossible to estimate the number of competitors; however, it is known that there are a large number of companies and individuals in the oil and gas business.

Exploration for and production of oil and gas are affected by the availability of pipe, casing and other tubular goods and certain other oil field equipment including drilling rigs and tools. We will depend upon independent drilling contractors to furnish rigs, equipment and tools to drill our wells. Higher prices for oil and gas may result in competition among operators for drilling equipment, tubular goods and drilling crews which may affect our ability to expeditiously drill, complete, recomplete and work-over wells.

The market for oil and gas is dependent upon a number of factors beyond our control, which at times cannot be accurately predicted. These factors include the proximity of wells to, and the capacity of, natural gas pipelines, the extent of competitive domestic production and imports of oil and gas, the availability of other sources of energy, fluctuations in seasonal supply and demand, and governmental regulation. In addition, there is always the possibility that new legislation may be enacted that would impose price controls or additional excise taxes upon crude oil or natural gas, or both. Oversupplies of natural gas can be expected to recur from time to time and may result in the gas producing wells being shut-in. Imports of natural gas may adversely affect the market for domestic natural gas.

The market price for crude oil is significantly affected by policies adopted by the member nations of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”). Members of OPEC establish prices and production quotas among themselves for petroleum products from time to time with the intent of controlling the current global supply and consequently price levels. We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that OPEC or other countries will have on the amount of, or the prices received for, crude oil and natural gas.

Glossary of Oil and Gas Terms

DEVELOPED ACREAGE. The number of acres that are allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells capable of production.

DISPOSAL WELL. A well employed for the reinjection of salt water produced with oil into an underground formation.

HELD BY PRODUCTION. A provision in an oil, gas and mineral lease that perpetuates an entity’s right to operate a property or concession as long as the property or concession produces a minimum paying quantity of oil or gas.

INJECTION WELL. A well employed for the injection into an underground formation of water, gas or other fluid to maintain underground pressures which would otherwise be reduced by the production of oil or gas.

LANDOWNER’S ROYALTY. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, which is granted to the lessor or landowner in the oil and gas lease, and which is free of the costs of drilling, completing, and operating an oil or gas well.

LEASE. Full or partial interests in an oil and gas lease, authorizing the owner thereof to drill for, reduce to possession and produce oil and gas upon payment of rentals, bonuses and/or royalties. Oil and gas leases are generally acquired from private landowners and federal and state governments. The term of an oil and gas lease typically ranges from three to ten years and requires annual lease rental payments of $1.00 to $2.00 per acre. If a producing oil or gas well is drilled on the lease prior to the expiration of the lease, the lease will generally remain in effect until the oil or gas production from the well ends. The owner of the lease is required to pay the owner of the leased property a royalty which is usually between 12.5% and 25% of the gross amount received from the sale of the oil or gas produced from the well.

LEASE OPERATING EXPENSES. The expenses of producing oil or gas from a formation, consisting of the costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including labor costs, repair and maintenance, supplies, insurance, production, severance and other production excise taxes.

NET ACRES OR WELLS. A net well or acre is deemed to exist when the sum of fractional ownership working interests in gross wells or acres equals one. The number of net wells or acres is the sum of the fractional working interests owned in gross wells or acres expressed as whole numbers and fractions.

NET REVENUE INTEREST. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, from an oil or gas well and which is free of the costs of drilling, completing and operating the well.

OVERRIDING ROYALTY. A percentage share of production, or the value derived from production, which is free of all costs of drilling, completing and operating an oil or gas well, and is created by the lessee or working interest owner and paid by the lessee or working interest owner to the owner of the overriding royalty.

PRODUCING PROPERTY. A property (or interest therein) producing oil or gas in commercial quantities or that is shut-in but capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities. Interests in a property may include working interests, production payments, royalty interests and other non-working interests.

PROSPECT. An area in which a party owns or intends to acquire one or more oil and gas interests, which is geographically defined on the basis of geological data and which is reasonably anticipated to contain at least one reservoir of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons.

PROVED RESERVES. Those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geosciences and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations, prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation.

SHUT-IN WELL. A well which is capable of producing oil or gas but which is temporarily not producing due to mechanical problems or a lack of market for the well’s oil or gas.

UNDEVELOPED ACREAGE. Lease acres on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of oil and gas regardless of whether or not such acreage contains proved reserves. Undeveloped acreage should not be confused with undrilled acreage which is “Held by Production” under the terms of a lease.

WORKING INTEREST. A percentage of ownership in an oil and gas lease granting its owner the right to explore, drill and produce oil and gas from a tract of property. Working interest owners are obligated to pay a corresponding percentage of the cost of leasing, drilling, producing and operating a well. After royalties are paid, the working interest also entitles its owner to share in production revenues with other working interest owners, based on the percentage of the working interest owned.

Employees

As of October 15, 2019, we have six (6) full-time employees and no part-time employees.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to risks and uncertainties in the ordinary course of business that are common to all businesses, important factors that are specific to us and our industry could materially impact our future performance and results of operations. We have provided below a list of known material risk factors that should be reviewed when considering buying or selling our securities. These are not all the risks we face and other factors currently considered immaterial or unknown to us may impact our future operations.

We will need to raise funds from additional financing in the future to complete our business plan and may need to raise additional funding in the future to support our operations. We have no commitments for any financing and any financing commitments may result in dilution to our existing stockholders. We may have difficulty obtaining additional funding, and we may have to accept terms that would adversely affect our stockholders. For example, the terms of any future financings may impose restrictions on our right to declare dividends or on the manner in which we conduct our business. Additionally, we may raise funding by issuing convertible notes, which if converted into shares of our common stock would dilute our then stockholders’ interests. Lending institutions or private investors may impose restrictions on a future decision by us to make capital expenditures, acquisitions or significant asset sales. If we are unable to raise additional funds, we may be forced to curtail or even abandon our business plan.

The price we receive for our oil directly affects our revenues, profitability, access to capital and future rate of growth. Oil is a commodity that is subject to wide price fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand. Lower prices for our oil may not only decrease our revenues but may also reduce the amount of oil that we can produce economically. Historically, the markets for oil have been volatile and will likely continue to be volatile in the future. The prices we receive for our production and the volume of our production depend on numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include the following: changes in global supply and demand for oil, the actions of OPEC, the price and quantity of imports of foreign oil, acts of war, terrorism or political instability in oil producing countries and economic conditions.

The price of West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) crude oil has decreased from $107 per barrel in the middle of June 2014 to as low as $28 per barrel in February 2016. This decrease in prices has impacted all oil and gas producers to varying degrees depending on hedging strategies and debt obligations. The 2017 WTI price increased to an average of $50.88 per barrel and ended the year at $60 per barrel. The 2018 WTI price increased to an average $64.90 per barrel and ended the year at $45.33 per barrel.

Accounting rules applicable to us require that we periodically review the carrying value of our oil properties for possible impairment. Based on specific market factors and circumstances at the time of prospective impairment reviews and the continuing evaluation of development plans, production data, economics and other factors, we will likely be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties. Such write-downs constitute a non-cash charge to earnings. Impairment of proved properties under our full cost oil accounting method is largely driven by the present values of future net revenues of proved reserves estimated using SEC mandated 12-month un-weighted first-day-of-the-month commodity prices. No assurance can be given that we will not experience ceiling test impairments in future periods, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the periods taken. As a result of lower oil prices, we may also reduce our estimates of the reserve volumes that may be economically recovered, which would reduce the total value of our proved reserves.

Our undeveloped proved reserves and developed non-producing proved reserves require additional expenditures and/or activities to convert these into producing reserves. We cannot provide assurance these expenditures will be made and that activities will be entirely successful in converting these reserves. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that all of our undeveloped and developed non-producing reserves will ultimately be produced during the time periods we have planned, at the costs we have budgeted, or at all, which could result in the write-off of previously recognized reserves.

Our future success depends largely upon our ability to find, develop or acquire additional oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable. Unless we replace the reserves we produce through successful exploration, development or acquisition activities, our proved reserves and production will decline over time. Our exploration, development and acquisition activities require substantial capital expenditures. The capital markets we have historically accessed are currently constrained, but we believe we could access other capital markets if the need arises. These limitations in the capital markets may affect our ability to grow and changes in our capitalization structure may significantly affect our financial risk profile. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that financing for future capital expenditures will be available if needed, and to the extent required, on acceptable terms.

Future cash flows are subject to a number of variables, such as the level of production from existing wells, the prices of oil and our success in developing and producing new reserves. Any reductions in our capital expenditures to stay within internally generated cash flow (which could be adversely affected by declining commodity prices) and cash on hand will make replacing produced reserves more difficult. If our cash flow from operations and cash on hand are not sufficient to fund our capital expenditure budget, we may be limited in our ability to access additional debt, equity or other methods of financing on an economic or timely basis to replace our proved reserves.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted new regulations under the Clean Air Act (CAA) that, among other things, require additional emissions controls for the production of oil, including New Source Performance Standards to address emissions of sulfur dioxide and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and a separate set of emission standards to address hazardous air pollutants frequently associated with such production activities. For well completion operations occurring at such well sites before January 1, 2015, the final regulations allow operators to capture and direct flowback emissions to completion combustion devices, such as flares, in lieu of performing green completions. These regulations also establish specific new requirements regarding emissions from dehydrators, storage tanks and other production equipment. Compliance with these requirements could significantly increase our costs of development and production.

We are required to record a liability for the present value of our asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) to plug and abandon inactive non-producing wells, facilities and equipment, and to restore the land at the end of oil production operations. As a result, we may make significant increases or decreases to our estimated ARO in future periods. Accordingly, our estimate of future ARO could differ dramatically from what we may ultimately incur.

Our development activities may be unsuccessful for many reasons, including adverse weather conditions, cost overruns, equipment shortages, geological issues and mechanical difficulties. Moreover, the successful drilling of an oil well does not assure us that we will realize a profit on our investment. A variety of factors, both geological and market-related, can cause a well to become uneconomical or only marginally economical. In addition to their costs, unsuccessful wells hinder our efforts to replace reserves.

Our oil exploration and production activities, including well stimulation and completion activities which include, among other things, hydraulic fracturing, involve a variety of operating risks, including fires, explosions, blow-outs and surface craters, uncontrollable flows of oil and formation water, natural disasters. If we experience any of these problems, well bores, platforms, gathering systems and processing facilities could be affected, which could adversely affect our ability to conduct operations. We could also incur substantial losses as a result of injury or loss of life, damage to and destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution and other environmental damage.

Our business strategy includes growing by making acquisitions (for example our acquisition of Bow), which may include acquisitions of exploration and production companies, producing properties and undeveloped leasehold interests. Our acquisition of oil and natural gas properties requires assessments of many factors that are inherently inexact and may be inaccurate, including the acceptable prices for available properties, amounts of recoverable reserves, estimates of future oil prices, estimates of future exploratory, development and operating costs, estimates of the costs and timing of plugging, and abandonment and estimates of potential environmental and other liabilities.

If we make acquisitions in the future, funding permitting, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, we could have difficulty integrating the acquired company’s assets, personnel and operations with our own. We do not anticipate that any acquisitions or mergers we may enter into in the future would result in a change of control of the Company. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired business may not be willing to work for us. We cannot predict the effect expansion may have on our core business. Regardless of whether we are successful in making an acquisition, the negotiations could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses. In addition to the risks described above, acquisitions are accompanied by a number of inherent risks, including, without limitation, the following: the difficulty of integrating acquired products, services or operations; the potential disruption of the ongoing businesses and distraction of our management and the management of acquired companies; difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; the potential impairment of relationships with employees and customers as a result of any integration of new management personnel; the potential inability or failure to achieve additional sales; the effect of any government regulations which relate to the business acquired; potential unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses or product lines, or the need to spend significant amounts to retool, reposition or modify the marketing and sales of acquired products or operations, or the defense of any litigation, whether or not successful, resulting from actions of the acquired company prior to our acquisition; and potential expenses under the labor, environmental and other laws of various jurisdictions. Our business could be severely impaired if and to the extent that we are unable to succeed in addressing any of these risks or other problems encountered in connection with an acquisition, many of which cannot be presently identified. These risks and problems could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees, increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations.

Exploring for and developing hydrocarbon reserves involves a high degree of operational and financial risk, which precludes us from definitively predicting the costs involved and time required to reach certain objectives. The budgeted costs of planning, drilling, completing and operating wells are often exceeded and such costs can increase significantly due to various complications that may arise during the drilling and operating processes. Before a well is spud, we may incur significant geological and geophysical (seismic) costs, which are incurred whether a well eventually produces commercial quantities of hydrocarbons or is drilled at all. Exploration wells bear a much greater risk of loss than development wells. The analogies we draw from available data from other wells, more fully explored locations or producing fields may not be applicable to our drilling locations. If our actual drilling and development costs are significantly more than our estimated costs, we may not be able to continue our operations as proposed and could be forced to modify our drilling plans accordingly.

If we decide to drill a certain location, there is a risk that no commercially productive oil or natural gas reservoirs will be found or produced. We may drill or participate in new wells that are not productive. We may drill wells that are productive, but that do not produce sufficient net revenues to return a profit after drilling, operating and other costs. There is no way to predict in advance of drilling and testing whether any particular location will yield oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to recover exploration, drilling or completion costs or to be economically viable. Even if sufficient amounts of oil or natural gas exist, we may damage the potentially productive hydrocarbon-bearing formation or experience mechanical difficulties while drilling or completing the well, resulting in a reduction in production and reserves from the well or abandonment of the well. Whether a well is ultimately productive and profitable depends on a number of additional factors, including the following: general economic and industry conditions, including the prices received for oil and natural gas; shortages of, or delays in, obtaining equipment, including hydraulic fracturing equipment, and qualified personnel; potential drainage by operators on adjacent properties; loss of or damage to oilfield development and service tools; problems with title to the underlying properties; increases in severance taxes; adverse weather conditions that delay drilling activities or cause producing wells to be shut down; domestic and foreign governmental regulations; and proximity to and capacity of transportation facilities. If we do not drill productive and profitable wells in the future, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We review our long-lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. We also test our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually on December 31 of each year, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may exceed its fair value. If conditions in any of the businesses in which we compete were to deteriorate, we could determine that certain of our assets were impaired and we would then be required to write-off all or a portion of our costs for such assets. Any such significant write-offs would adversely affect our balance sheet and results of operations.

Concerns over global economic conditions, energy costs, geopolitical issues, inflation, the availability and cost of credit, the United States mortgage market and a declining real estate market in the United States have contributed to increased economic uncertainty and diminished expectations for the global economy. These factors, combined with volatile prices of oil and natural gas, declining business and consumer confidence and increased unemployment, have precipitated an economic slowdown and a recession. Concerns about global economic growth have had a significant adverse impact on global financial markets and commodity prices. If the economic climate in the United States or abroad continues to deteriorate, demand for petroleum products could diminish, which could impact the price at which we can sell our oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, affect the ability of our vendors, suppliers and customers to continue operations and ultimately adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Our exploration and development activities are capital intensive. We make and expect to continue to make substantial capital expenditures in our business for the development, exploitation, production and acquisition of oil and natural gas reserves. Our cash on hand, our operating cash flows and future potential borrowings may not be adequate to fund our future acquisitions or future capital expenditure requirements. The rate of our future growth may be dependent, at least in part, on our ability to access capital at rates and on terms we determine to be acceptable.

Our cash flows from operations and access to capital are subject to a number of variables, including: our estimated proved oil and natural gas reserves; the amount of oil and natural gas we produce from existing wells; the prices at which we sell our production; the costs of developing and producing our oil and natural gas reserves; our ability to acquire, locate and produce new reserves; the ability and willingness of banks to lend to us; and our ability to access the equity and debt capital markets. In addition, future events, such as terrorist attacks, wars or combat peace-keeping missions, financial market disruptions, general economic recessions, oil and natural gas industry recessions, large company bankruptcies, accounting scandals, overstated reserves estimates by major public oil companies and disruptions in the financial and capital markets have caused financial institutions, credit rating agencies and the public to more closely review the financial statements, capital structures and earnings of public companies, including energy companies. Such events have constrained the capital available to the energy industry in the past, and such events or similar events could adversely affect our access to funding for our operations in the future.

If our revenues decrease as a result of lower oil and natural gas prices, operating difficulties, declines in reserves or for any other reason, we may have limited ability to obtain the capital necessary to sustain our operations at current levels, further develop and exploit our current properties or invest in additional exploration opportunities. Alternatively, a significant improvement in oil and natural gas prices or other factors could result in an increase in our capital expenditures and we may be required to alter or increase our capitalization substantially through the issuance of debt or equity securities, the sale of production payments, the sale or farm out of interests in our assets, the borrowing of funds or otherwise to meet any increase in capital needs. If we are unable to raise additional capital from available sources at acceptable terms, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, future debt financings may require that a portion of our cash flows provided by operating activities be used for the payment of principal and interest on our debt, thereby reducing our ability to use cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. Debt financing may involve covenants that restrict our business activities. If we succeed in selling additional equity securities to raise funds, at such time the ownership percentage of our existing shareholders would be diluted, and new investors may demand rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing shareholders. If we choose to farm-out interests in our prospects, we may lose operating control over such prospects.

We cannot assess the extent of either the threat or the potential impact of future terrorist attacks on the energy industry in general, and on us in particular, either in the short-term or in the long-term. Uncertainty surrounding such hostilities may affect our operations in unpredictable ways, including the possibility that infrastructure facilities, including pipelines and gathering systems, production facilities, processing plants and refineries, could be targets of, or indirect casualties of, an act of terror, a cyber-attack or electronic security breach, or an act of war.

There are numerous operational hazards inherent in oil and natural gas exploration, development, production and gathering, including: unusual or unexpected geologic formations; natural disasters; adverse weather conditions; unanticipated pressures; loss of drilling fluid circulation; blowouts where oil or natural gas flows uncontrolled at a wellhead; cratering or collapse of the formation; pipe or cement leaks, failures or casing collapses; fires or explosions; releases of hazardous substances or other waste materials that cause environmental damage; pressures or irregularities in formations; and equipment failures or accidents.

In addition, there is an inherent risk of incurring significant environmental costs and liabilities in the performance of our operations, some of which may be material, due to our handling of petroleum hydrocarbons and wastes, our emissions to air and water, the underground injection or other disposal of our wastes, the use of hydraulic fracturing fluids and historical industry operations and waste disposal practices.

The rate of production from our oil and natural gas properties will decline as our reserves are depleted. Our future oil and natural gas reserves and production and, therefore, our income and cash flow, are highly dependent on our success in (a) efficiently developing and exploiting our current reserves on properties owned by us or by other persons or entities and (b) economically finding or acquiring additional oil and natural gas producing properties. In the future, we may have difficulty acquiring new properties. During periods of low oil and/or natural gas prices, it will become more difficult to raise the capital necessary to finance expansion activities. If we are unable to replace our production, our reserves will decrease, and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Our ability to acquire additional prospects and to find and develop reserves in the future will depend on our ability to evaluate and select suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment for acquiring properties, marketing oil and natural gas and securing trained personnel. Also, there is substantial competition for capital available for investment in the oil and natural gas industry. Many of our competitors possess and employ financial, technical and personnel resources substantially greater than ours, and many of our competitors have more established presences in the United States and in foreign locations than we have. Those companies may be able to pay more for productive oil and natural gas properties and exploratory prospects and to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than our financial or personnel resources permit. In addition, other companies may be able to offer better compensation packages to attract and retain qualified personnel than we are able to offer. The cost to attract and retain qualified personnel has increased in recent years due to competition and may increase substantially in the future. We may not be able to compete successfully in the future in acquiring prospective reserves, developing reserves, marketing hydrocarbons, attracting and retaining quality personnel and raising additional capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our industry is subject to rapid and significant advancements in technology, including the introduction of new products and services using new technologies and databases. As our competitors use or develop new technologies, we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage, and competitive pressures may force us to implement new technologies at a substantial cost. In addition, many of our competitors will have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that allow them to enjoy technological advantages and may in the future allow them to implement new technologies before we can. We cannot be certain that we will be able to implement technologies on a timely basis or at a cost that is acceptable to us. One or more of the technologies that we will use or that we may implement in the future may become obsolete, and we may be adversely affected.

Our results of operations are materially affected by the conditions of the global economies and the credit, commodities and stock markets. Among other things, we may be adversely impacted if consumers of oil and gas are not able to access sufficient capital to continue to operate their businesses or to operate them at prior levels. A decline in consumer confidence or changing patterns in the availability and use of disposable income by consumers can negatively affect the demand for oil and gas and as a result our results of operations.

Because our operations depend on the demand for oil and used oil, any improvement in or new discoveries of alternative energy technologies (such as wind, solar, geothermal, fuel cells and biofuels) that increase the use of alternative forms of energy and reduce the demand for oil, gas and oil and gas related products could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The process of estimating oil reserves is complex. It requires interpretations of available technical data and many assumptions, including assumptions relating to economic factors. Any significant inaccuracies in these interpretations or assumptions could materially affect the estimated quantities and the calculation of the present value of our reserves. In order to prepare our year-end reserve estimates, our independent petroleum consultant projected our production rates and timing of development expenditures. Our independent petroleum consultant also analyzed available geological, geophysical, production and engineering data. The extent, quality and reliability of this data can vary and may not be under our control. The process also requires economic assumptions about matters such as oil and natural gas prices, operating expenses, capital expenditures, taxes and availability of funds. Therefore, estimates of oil and natural gas reserves are inherently imprecise.

You should not assume that the present value of future net revenues from our proved oil and natural gas reserves is the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements, we base the estimated discounted future net cash flows from our proved reserves on the 12-month un-weighted first-day-of-the-month average price for each product and costs in effect on the date of the estimate. Actual future prices and costs may differ materially from those used in the present value estimate.

Our operations and facilities are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the exploration, development, production and transportation of oil and natural gas and operational safety. Future laws or regulations, any adverse change in the interpretation of existing laws and regulations or our failure to comply with such legal requirements may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

To a large extent, we depend on the services of our senior management. The loss of the services of any of our senior management, could have a negative impact on our operations. We do not maintain or plan to obtain for the benefit of the Company any insurance against the loss of any of these individuals.

Wherever possible, our board of directors will attempt to use non-cash consideration to satisfy obligations. In many instances, we believe that the non-cash consideration will consist of shares of our common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. Our board of directors has authority, without action or vote of the shareholders to issue all or part of the authorized but unissued shares of common stock, preferred stock or warrants to purchase such shares of common stock. In addition, we may attempt to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock, possibly at a discount to market in the future. These actions will result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing shareholders and may further dilute common stock book value, and that dilution may be material. Such issuances may also serve to enhance existing management’s ability to maintain control of us, because the shares may be issued to parties or entities committed to supporting existing management.

We currently have a highly sporadic, illiquid and volatile market for our common stock, which market is anticipated to remain sporadic, illiquid and volatile in the future. Factors that could affect our stock price or result in fluctuations in the market price or trading volume of our common stock include:

Our stock price may be impacted by factors that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance. The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Additionally, general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rates or international currency fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Due to the limited volume of our shares which trade, we believe that our stock prices (bid, ask and closing prices) may not be related to our actual value, and not reflect the actual value of our common stock. Shareholders and potential investors in our common stock should exercise caution before making an investment in us.

Additionally, as a result of the illiquidity of our common stock, investors may not be interested in owning our common stock because of the inability to acquire or sell a substantial block of our common stock at one time. Such illiquidity could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, a shareholder may not be able to borrow funds using our common stock as collateral because lenders may be unwilling to accept the pledge of securities having such a limited market. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or, if one develops, be sustained.

Our common stock will be subject to the requirements of Rule 15g-9, promulgated under the Exchange Act, as long as the price of our common stock is below $5.00 per share. Under such rule, broker-dealers who recommend low-priced securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors must satisfy special sales practice requirements, including a requirement that they make an individualized written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s consent prior to the transaction. The Securities Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990 also requires additional disclosure in connection with any trades involving a stock defined as a penny stock. Generally, the Commission defines a penny stock as any equity security not traded on an exchange or quoted on NASDAQ that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share. The required penny stock disclosures include the delivery, prior to any transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with it. Such requirements could severely limit the market liquidity of the securities and the ability of purchasers to sell their securities in the secondary market. In addition, various state securities laws impose restrictions on transferring “penny stocks” and as a result, investors in the common stock may have their ability to sell their shares of the common stock impaired.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Our principal office is located at 710 N. Post Oak Rd., Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77024.

We lease our principal office space, consisting of approximately 1,000 square feet, at a rate which is currently $1,500 per month on a month-to-month basis.

The Company’s oil and gas properties are described under “Item 1. Business”, above, and below under “Note 16. Supplemental Information Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)” in the consolidated audited financial statements attached hereto.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We may, from time to time, be involved in litigation and claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceeding. In addition, we are not aware of any material legal or governmental proceedings against us, or contemplated to be brought against us.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted under the symbol “BBLS” on the OTCQB market operated by OTC Markets Group.

Only a limited market exists for our securities. There is no assurance that a regular trading market will develop, or if developed, that it will be sustained. Therefore, a shareholder may be unable to resell his securities in our company.

The following tables set forth the range of high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods indicated as reported by the OTCQB market operated by the OTC Markets Group. The market quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

Penny Stock

The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a market price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC, that: (a) contains a description of the nature and level of risk in the market for penny stocks in both public offerings and secondary trading; (b) contains a description of the broker’s or dealer’s duties to the customer and of the rights and remedies available to the customer with respect to a violation of such duties or other requirements of the securities laws; (c) contains a brief, clear, narrative description of a dealer market, including bid and ask prices for penny stocks and the significance of the spread between the bid and ask price; (d) contains a toll-free telephone number for inquiries on disciplinary actions; (e) defines significant terms in the disclosure document or in the conduct of trading in penny stocks; and (f) contains such other information and is in such form, including language, type size and format, as the SEC shall require by rule or regulation.

The broker-dealer also must provide, prior to effecting any transaction in a penny stock, the customer with (a) bid and offer quotations for the penny stock; (b) the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction; (c) the number of shares to which such bid and ask prices apply, or other comparable information relating to the depth and liquidity of the market for such stock; and (d) a monthly account statement showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer’s account.

In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement, a written agreement as to transactions involving penny stocks, and a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement.

These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity for our common stock. Therefore, stockholders may have difficulty selling our securities.

Holders of Our Common Stock

As of October 15, 2019, we had 164,548,726 outstanding shares of common stock and approximately 266 shareholders of record.

Preferred Stock

Our Certificate of Formation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The provisions in the Certificate of Formation, relating to the preferred stock, allow our directors to issue preferred stock with multiple votes per share and dividend rights which would have priority over any dividends paid with respect to the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock with these rights may make the removal of management difficult even if the removal would be considered beneficial to shareholders generally, and will have the effect of limiting shareholder participation in certain transactions such as mergers or tender offers if these transactions are not favored by our management.

Effective April 11, 2017, the Company initiated a $2,000,000 Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”) offering at a price of $10.00 per share. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a rate of 9%. The Preferred Stock will automatically convert into common stock when the Company’s common stock market price equals or exceeds $0.28 per share for 30 consecutive days. At conversion, the value of each dollar of preferred stock (based on a $10 per share price) will convert into 7.1429 common shares (which results in a $0.14 per common share conversion rate). During the second quarter of 2017, 120,590 shares or $1,205,900 were issued in the offering. The 120,590 shares were issued as follows: conversion of TORRI (40,500 shares), conversion of debt (28,900 shares - 25,900 related to short term notes and 3,000 related to equipment purchase), conversion of shareholder advances (27,090 shares of which 840 was for accrued interest) and cash (24,100 shares). Of the 120,590 shares, 57,990 of the shares were issued to related parties while 62,600 of the shares were issued to third parties.

On July 6, 2017, Mr. Rick Wilber agreed to convert his cumulative outstanding debt of $550,000 into 55,000 shares of Preferred Stock. The outstanding debt included the following: a $350,000 Convertible Secured Note dated June 17, 2013, a $100,000 Convertible Secured Note dated September 30, 2013 and a $100,000 Convertible Secured Note dated December 31, 2013. Subsequent to this conversion, all of the Company’s debt with Mr. Wilber is deemed cancelled and it is no longer due and payable. Mr. Wilber retains both the warrants and shares that were previously issued by the Company related to the original sale of these notes (and their respective amendments).

On July 19, 2017, Jovian converted $2 million of its remaining debt into 12,749,285 shares of the Company’s common stock and 21,510 shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock. The Preferred Stock was priced at $10.00 per share with a value of $215,100. The CEO of Jovian is Quinten Beasley, our former director, and the largest shareholder of Jovian is Zel C. Khan, our CEO and director.

On February 5, 2018, an accredited investor subscribed and purchased 2,000 Preferred Stock shares for $20,000.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information, as of December 31, 2018, with respect to our compensation plans under which common stock is authorized for issuance.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The Company sold the following unregistered equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2018 and through the date of the filing of this Report, which were not previously included in a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in a Current Report on Form 8-K:

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company closed private placements ranging from $0.08 to $0.12 per unit for a total of 3,750,000 units and gross proceeds of $397,500 (the “2018 Units”). Each 2018 Unit was comprised of one common share and one warrant entitling the holder to exercise such warrant for one common share for a period of two years from the date of issuance. The warrants have exercise prices ranging from $0.10 to $0.20 per share.

On January 24, 2018, 350,000 shares of common stock, valued at $59,500 or $0.17 per share, were issued in accordance with Mr. James Burns’ common stock related salary compensation.

On January 24, 2018, Mr. James Burns was issued 616,209 shares of restricted common stock, valued at $264,970 or $0.43 per share, in consideration for 2017 deferred salary of $61,621. A debt settlement loss of $203,349 was recorded.

On February 1, 2018, 100,000 shares of common stock, valued at $37,000 or $0.37 per share, were granted to a law firm as a bonus for the Bow Energy acquisition.

On February 1, 2018, a geologist consultant was issued 150,000 shares of common stock, valued at $45,900 or $0.31 per share, in exchange for professional consulting services.

On February 1, 2018, Quinten Beasley, Director, exercised warrants to purchase 1,110,000 shares of common stock by settling $102,590 of Accounts Payable, due to a company controlled by the director, at an average share price of $0.092 per share. No gain or loss was recorded on settlement.

On February 23, 2018, director Saleem Nizami was issued 100,000 shares of common stock, valued at $13,000 or $0.13 per share, in exchange for his professional consulting services at the SUDS, Oklahoma lease.

On February 28, 2018, a warrant holder exercised warrants to purchase 360,000 shares of common stock for cash proceeds of $36,875 at an average exercise price of $0.102 per share.

On February 28, 2018, Joel Oppenheim, Director, exercised warrants to purchase 630,000 shares of common stock for cash proceed of $61,800 at an average exercise price of $0.098 per share.

On March 31, 2018, 350,000 shares of common stock, valued at $35,000 or $0.10 per share, were issued in accordance with Mr. James Burns’ common stock related salary compensation.

On April 18, 2018, a Separation and Release Agreement between the former President of the Company, James Burns and the Company became effective, whereby Mr. Burns ceased to be an employee of the Company. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company paid Mr. Burns $33,000 and granted Mr. Burns warrants to purchase 3,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share. The Company also issued 2,000,000 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Burns pursuant to the agreement of the Company on May 14, 2018. The fair value of the warrants ($221,401) were calculated using a Black Scholes model and the restricted shares ($180,000) were valued at the closing price of Petrolia’s shares on the grant date and were recorded to stock compensation expense.

On April 20, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement to offer the position of Chairman of the Board of Directors to James Burns. Mr. Burns accepted and became Chairman of the Board effective May 1, 2018. Pursuant to the terms of the offer, Mr. Burns will be paid an annual salary of $65,000 and up to $25,000 in benefits. The Company issued 500,000 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Burns on May 14, 2018. An additional 500,000 shares of restricted common stock will be issued upon a successful listing of the Company on the NASDAQ or NYSE exchanges. Mr. Burns was granted warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.10 per share, expiring in 36 months, which were fully-vested upon their grant. The fair value of the warrants ($147,600) were calculated using a Black Scholes model and the restricted shares ($45,000) were valued at the closing price of Petrolia’s shares on the date of the agreement and were recorded to stock compensation expense.

On April 26, 2018, the Company issued 200,000 shares of restricted common stock as a bonus to a vendor, valued at $20,000 or $0.10 per share, based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock.

On April 26, 2018, Joel Oppenheim, Director, exercised warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock for cash proceed of $50,000 at an average exercise price of $0.10 per share.

On May 9, 2018, in conjunction with a debt financing, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock, valued at $47,747 or $0.09 per share, as a financing fee.

On May 22, 2018, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock to officer Tariq Chaudhary, who had served as the Chief Financial Officer, as part of his compensation package. The shares had a fair value of $50,000, or $0.10 per share, based on the closing price of Petrolia’s stock on the grant date.

On June 25, 2018, the Company issued 600,000 shares of restricted common stock to consultants for services rendered. The shares had a fair value of $45,000, or $0.08 per share.

On August 31, 2018, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement with Blue Sky, whose President is Ilyas Chaudhary, the father of Zel C. Khan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Chaudhary and his affiliates would return 70,807,417 shares of common stock to treasury for the purchase of Bow Energy Ltd. The fair value of the cancelled shares was determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on August 31, 2018, which was $0.07 per share for a fair value of $4,956,519. The 70,807,417 shares returned to treasury were subsequently cancelled.

On October 22, 2018, Leo B. Womack exercised warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of $60,000 or $0.06 per share was satisfied by forgiving debt outstanding to the holder of $60,000, with no gain or loss recognized.

On August 21, 2019, the Company closed private placements with related parties for gross proceeds of $150,000, consisting of 1,875,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 3,750,000 shares of common stock, exercisable at a price of $0.10 per share at any time prior to November 1, 2020. American Resources Offshore Inc. (of which Ivar Siem, our director) subscribed for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock. Leo Womack, our director, subscribed for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock. Jovian Petroleum Corporation, a greater than 5% shareholder of the Company, subscribed for 625,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock. Joel Martin Oppenheim, our director, subscribed for 625,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock.

All shares granted for goods or services and settlement of liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2018, and through the date of the filing of this Report were valued based on the fair value of the shares issued.

We claim an exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) and/or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D of the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder in connection with the sales, grants and issuances described above since the foregoing issuances and grants did not involve a public offering, the recipients were (a) “accredited investors”, and/or (b) had access to similar documentation and information as would be required in a Registration Statement under the Securities Act. With respect to the transactions described above, no general solicitation was made either by us or by any person acting on our behalf. The transactions were privately negotiated, and did not involve any kind of public solicitation. No underwriters or agents were involved in the foregoing issuances and we paid no underwriting discounts or commissions. The securities sold are subject to transfer restrictions, and the certificates evidencing the securities contain an appropriate legend stating that such securities have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold absent registration or pursuant to an exemption therefrom.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not required under Regulation S-K for a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1).

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. We caution you that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. See “Risk Factors” and “Forward Looking Statements.”

Results of Operations

Revenues

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $1,173,060, an increase of $1,024,225 from the prior year. The increase was primarily due to $1,118,283 in revenue from the Company’s Canadian Properties and was partially offset by a $94,058 decrease in revenue from the Company’s United States properties. The decrease in revenue for the U.S. properties was due to the Company’s focus during 2018 on field compliance and restructuring field infrastructure to accommodate new enhanced oil recovery methods.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $9,255,631, an increase of $6,164,696 from the prior year. The increase was primarily a result of $2,322,255 in impairment on the NOACK field, a $2,276,948 increase in general and administrative expenses and a $1,130,370 increase in lease operating expense. The impairment of the NOACK field resulted from a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Crossroads Petroleum L.L.C. (“Crossroads”) entered into on November 1, 2018 by which the Company agreed to sell the NOACK Assets to Crossroads for total proceeds of $375,000. The Company recorded an impairment to the NOACK field cash generating unit of $2,322,255 on September 30, 2018 to impair the carrying value of the property to the sales price which transaction closed on November 1, 2018. The increase in general and administrative expenses relates to a $2,148,903 increase in non-cash stock-based compensation in the current year from transaction costs related to the acquisition of Bow Energy Ltd. and shares and warrants issued to former members of management pursuant to separation agreements. The increase in lease operating expense relates to a $1,239,317 increase in lease operating expenses from the acquisition of the Company’s Canadian Properties in the current year, partially offset by a $108,947 decrease in lease operating expenses from the Company’s United States properties.

Crossroads defaulted on the PSA as described above and the Company took proper measures to foreclose on the NOACK Assets on April 3, 2019 and reclaimed title to the property. The property was subsequently sold to FlowTex Energy L.L.C. for $400,000 with an effective closing date of September 1, 2019. The Sale Agreement includes customary indemnification obligations of the parties. As per the Sale Agreement, a $20,000 deposit was received on August 15, 2019 and a $355,000 payment was due on close of the sale of which $155,000 was received on August 30, 2019, with the balance remaining outstanding; and (c) $25,000 one year after close on August 30, 2020.

Other Income/Expenses

Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 were $29,946,039, an increase of $29,626,855 from the prior year. Other expenses in the current year consists primarily of a $29,319,554 loss on the acquisition and disposition of Bow Energy Ltd., a $260,162 loss on extinguishment of debt, a $203,349 loss on related party debt settlement and $156,861 of interest expense. This compares to the prior year other expenses which consisted primarily of $265,813 of interest expense and $94,177 loss on related party debt settlement.

Net Loss

The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $38,028,610, compared to net loss of $3,261,284 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $34,767,326 from the prior year for the reasons described above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2018, we had total current assets of $268,959 and total assets of $12,677,866. Our total current liabilities as of December 31, 2018 were $2,511,763 and our total liabilities were $4,784,397. We had negative working capital of $2,242,804 as of December 31, 2018.

Our material asset balances are made up of oil and gas properties and related equipment. Our most significant liabilities include asset retirement obligations of $1,509,622, accrued liabilities and related party accrued liabilities of $1,257,990, notes payable of $1,051,876 and related party notes payable of $610,748.

Operating activities used $1,127,377 in cash for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our net loss of $38,028,610 was the main component of our negative operating cash flow, partially offset by the loss on acquisition and disposition of Bow Energy Ltd. of $29,319,554, stock-based compensation of $3,451,739 and impairment of oil and gas properties of $2,322,255.

Net cash used by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $797,660, which consisted primarily of the purchase of a working interest in the Canadian Properties ($932,441), partially offset by the proceeds received for the sale of the NOACK property of $135,000.

Cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2018 was $1,856,223 and consisted primarily of $1,000,000 of proceeds from notes payable, $494,477 of proceeds from related party advances and notes payable, $397,500 of proceeds from the issuance of common stock and $179,675 of proceeds from the exercise of warrants. This was partially offset by $194,104 of repayments of related party notes payable.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company operated at a negative cash flow from operations of approximately $60,000 per month and our auditors have raised a going concern in their audit report as contained herein. Management is pursuing several initiatives to secure funding to increase production at both the SUDS and TLSAUs fields which together with anticipated increases in the price of crude oil may reduce the Company’s monthly cash shortfall. The total amount required by the Company to accomplish this objective is approximately $1,000,000. The sale of the NOACK field and the addition of the revenue from our 28% ownership of the Canadian Properties has enhanced cashflow and allowed the Company to allocate funds for SUDS and TLSAU development plans. The Company has resumed workover activities at SUDS and TLSAU and expects progress to continue past the 1^st Quarter of 2020, funding permitting.

The Company has suffered recurring losses from operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. We plan to generate profits by working over existing wells and drilling productive oil or gas wells. However, we will need to raise additional funds to workover or drill new wells through the sale of our securities, through loans from third parties or from third parties willing to pay our share of drilling and completing the wells. We do not have any commitments or arrangements from any person to provide us with any additional capital. If additional financing is not available when needed, we may need to cease operations. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising the capital needed to drill oil or gas wells nor that any such additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Any wells which we may drill may not be productive of oil or gas. Management believes that actions presently being taken to obtain additional funding provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern; no adjustments to the financial statements have been made to account for this uncertainty.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

Trends Affecting Future Operations

The factors that will most significantly affect our results of operations will be (i) the sale prices of crude oil and natural gas, (ii) the amount of production from oil or gas wells in which we have an interest, and (iii) lease operating expenses. Our revenues will also be significantly impacted by our ability to maintain or increase oil or gas production through exploration and development activities, and the availability of funding to complete such activities.

It is expected that our principal source of cash flow will be from the production and sale of crude oil and natural gas reserves which are depleting assets. Cash flow from the sale of oil and gas production depends upon the quantity of production and the price obtained for the production. An increase in prices will permit us to finance our operations to a greater extent with internally generated funds, may allow us to obtain equity financing more easily or on better terms, and lessens the difficulty of obtaining financing. However, price increases heighten the competition for oil and gas prospects, increase the costs of exploration and development, and, because of potential price declines, increase the risks associated with the purchase of producing properties during times that prices are at higher levels.

A decline in oil and gas prices (i) will reduce the cash flow internally generated by the Company which in turn will reduce the funds available for exploring for and replacing oil and gas reserves, (ii) will increase the difficulty of obtaining equity and debt financing and worsen the terms on which such financing may be obtained, (iii) will reduce the number of oil and gas prospects which have reasonable economic terms, (iv) may cause us to permit leases to expire based upon the value of potential oil and gas reserves in relation to the costs of exploration, (v) may result in marginally productive oil and gas wells being abandoned as non-commercial, and (vi) may increase the difficulty of obtaining financing. However, price declines reduce the competition for oil and gas properties and correspondingly reduce the prices paid for leases and prospects. During the last 5 months, oil prices have trended upward to approximately $58.00 per barrel.

Other than the foregoing, we do not know of any trends, events or uncertainties that will have, or are reasonably expected to have, a material impact on our sales, revenues or expenses.

Critical Accounting Policies

In December 2001, the SEC requested that all registrants list their most “critical accounting polices” in the Management Discussion and Analysis. The SEC indicated that a “critical accounting policy” is one which is both important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results, and requires management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Going concern – The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company has incurred cumulative net losses of $49,531,272 since its inception and requires capital for its contemplated operational and marketing activities to take place. The Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the future sales of common stock is unknown. The obtainment of additional financing, the successful development of the Company’s contemplated plan of operations, and its transition, ultimately, to the attainment of profitable operations are necessary for the Company to continue operations. The ability to successfully resolve these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements of the Company do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these aforementioned uncertainties.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We do not expect the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flow.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K (§ 229.305(e)), the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item as it is a “smaller reporting company,” as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1).

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

The consolidated audited financial statements and supplementary data required by this Item are presented beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which follows “Signatures” below.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

Effective on January 29, 2019, MaloneBailey, LLP (“MaloneBailey”) resigned as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company. Effective on January 31, 2019, the Company, with the recommendation and approval of the Board of Directors of the Company, engaged M&K CPAS, PLLC (“M&K”), as its independent registered public accounting firm.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. As defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of our Principal Executive and Financial Officer and implemented by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or the COSO Framework of 2013. Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of those controls. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2018, because of the material weaknesses described below.

A material weakness is defined as “a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.”

The ineffectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2018, was due to an insufficient degree of segregation of duties amongst our accounting and financial reporting personnel, and the lack of a formalized and complete set of policy and procedure documentation evidencing our system of internal controls over financial reporting. These factors led to certain adjustments which have been reflected in our audited financial statements. These weaknesses are not uncommon in a company of our size due to personnel and financial limitations.

Management is committed to remediating the identified material weakness in a timely manner, with appropriate oversight from our Audit Committee. During the remainder of 2019, we intend to work to remediate the material weaknesses identified above, which is expected to include (i) the addition of accounting and financial personnel with experience in the implementation of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and SEC reporting requirements, funding permitting, (ii) the engagement of accounting consultants on a limited-time basis to provide expertise on specific areas of the accounting literature, (iii) the modification to our accounting processes and enhancement to our financial controls, and/or (iv) the hiring of an independent consulting or accounting firm to review and document our internal control system to ensure compliance with COSO. However, our current financial position could make it difficult for us to undertake the planned remediation steps outlined above.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Except as noted above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Agreement (“LOC”) for $200,000 (subsequently increased to $500,000 on April 12, 2018) with Jovian Petroleum Corporation. The CEO of Jovian is Quinten Beasley, our former director (resigned October 31, 2018), and 25% of Jovian is owned by Zel C. Khan, our CEO and director. The initial agreement was for a period of 6 months and could be extended for up to 5 additional terms of 6 months each. All amounts advanced pursuant to the LOC bear interest from the date of advance until paid in full at 3.5% simple interest per annum. Interest is calculated on a basis of a 360-day year and charged for the actual number of days elapsed. On December 31, 2018, the due date of the LOC was extended until December 31, 2019.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.

The following information sets forth the names, ages, and positions of our current directors and executive officers as of the date of this Report.

Set forth below is a brief description of the background and business experience of each of our current executive officers and directors:

Zel C. Khan is an oilfield operator with over 25 years of experience in the Oil & Gas industry. He has successfully operated, both on and offshore, in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and California. Mr. Khan has served as the CEO of the Company since February 2015. Prior to joining the Company, from March 2010 to February 2015, Mr. Khan was the CEO of Jovian Petroleum Corporation, an oil and gas operator in California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. From August 2006 to March 2010, Mr. Khan served as Operating Manager of Pyramid GOM Inc., an offshore deep-water operator. He has established a reputation for reducing operating costs on various projects, including a former ConocoPhillips offshore facility located in deep water Gulf of Mexico where he was the Operating Manager. Mr. Khan has also operated in Kern County, California and Alberta, Canada, both are heavy oil fields requiring special operational procedures to maintain low lift costs and strict environmental policies as set by the respective governmental agencies. Mr. Khan holds a Bachelor of Science degree and a Master’s degree from Chapman University, California.

Horacio Alfredo Fernandez has over 35 years of experience working in the accounting and financial field, working with private, and public U.S. companies, and multi-jurisdictional public companies. Mr. Fernandez has served as the controller of the Company from May 2015 to October 2018. In October 2018, Mr. Fernandez was appointed Interim CFO of the Company, the position that he continues to hold. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Fernandez served as Controller of Rhino Offshore LLC –an offshore oil and gas service company - based in Houston, Texas, from January 2010 to April 2015. Mr. Fernandez served as Controller of Pyramid GOM Inc., an offshore deepwater operator, from March 2007 to February 2010. Mr. Fernandez served as a Senior Auditor/Accountant with Becker Tax Service & Financial Management from April 2004 to October 2006. As part of Mr. Fernandez’s international experience, he served as Forensic Auditor in the federal courts of Argentina from 1998 to 2002. Mr. Fernandez served as CFO of Tecsalco SA, a subsidiary of the Luksic Group, from 1995 to 1997. Mr. Fernandez has a Bachelor’s degree in accounting and a post graduate diploma in Strategic Planning from University of Buenos Aires, Argentina and holds a Certified Public Accountant degree from the same University. Mr. Fernandez has been a member of the Professional Advice of Economic Sciences –Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Economicas- of Buenos Aires since 1984.

Leo Womack has over 40 years of experience in advising and serving as Director of small micro-capitalization public and private companies. Mr. Womack has been the President of Gulf Equities Realty Advisors, Inc., a diversified real estate portfolio management company, since 1986. For more than five (5) years, from March 1986 to the present, Mr. Womack has been and continues to be employed as the President of Gulf Equities Realty Advisors Inc. He has been the Chairman of Fairway Medical Technologies, Inc., a medical device company and a portfolio company of the Baylor College of Medicine Venture Fund since 1996. From 1969 to 1978, he was the managing partner of a local and later national CPA firm. He has served on the Board and as Chairman of the Houston Angel Network and on National Committees of the Angel Capital Association. Prior to its acquisition by ITT Corporation in 2010, he served as a board member and the audit committee chair for OI Corporation (NASDAQ:OICO). Mr. Womack continues to serve on the Boards of Directors of five early stage companies that he or his Family Trust have invested in. Mr. Womack earned a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from Texas A&M University-Kingsville in 1965 and holds a Series 7 Securities License. Mr. Womack is also a licensed Certified Public Accountant (CPA).

Joel Oppenheim currently owns and has operated the Oppenheim Group since 1991. Mr. Oppenheim has served as a partner and manager of Oppenheim Group since 1991. The Oppenheim Group is a real estate consulting firm that has represented multiple Fortune 10 and Fortune 100 Companies on their commercial real estate needs throughout the United States. In 2014, Mr. Oppenheim began concentrating on the Oppenheim Group’s investment portfolio including several successful oil and gas investments both in Texas and California. Mr. Oppenheim is a licensed Commercial Real Estate Broker in Texas and graduated from City College of New York - Bernard Baruch School of Business, with a degree in accounting. Mr. Oppenheim has been an active member of the Houston Angel Network since 2009. He has successfully started and sold numerous businesses throughout his career, including some of the most successful restaurants and clubs in Houston.

James Edward Burns is an oil and gas executive who brings more than 25 years of energy experience to Petrolia Energy’s Board. Most recently, he served as President of BLU LNG, a domestic LNG provider, from December 2014 to February 2016, where he created a coherent commercial and operational strategy serving as catalyst for renewed efficiency and effectiveness. Prior to his role at BLU LNG, Mr. Burns was President of Fortress Energy Partners a division of Fortress Investment Group and worked in various executive roles globally at Royal Dutch Shell, and Texaco. Mr. Burns also serves as a member of the Houston Angel Network’s Energy Council and is the chairman of the board of Triple E Real Estate Investments. He holds a BS in Business Administration from California State University and an Executive MBA from the University of Houston.

Saleem Nizami is a Petroleum Geologist with over 40 years of Oil & Gas experience. Prior to founding APEC, Inc., an Oklahoma-based Petroleum and Environmental Consulting firm in 1989. Mr. Nizami served as a Senior Geologist and Manager in the Division of Oil & Gas at the Oklahoma Corporate Commission. Mr. Nizami has worked with numerous small to mid-sized Oil & Gas companies along with Major’s such as Chevron, ExxonMobil and Chesapeake Energy Corp. Mr. Nizami holds an MSc. in Petroleum Geology from Osmania University.

Ivar Siem is the Chairman of American Resources Inc. (“American”). Mr. Siem previously also served as the Chairman and CEO of American and its predecessor from September 2000 to August 1, 2017. Mr. Siem has broad experience from both the upstream and the service segments of the oil and gas industry. He has been the founder of several companies and involved in multiple roll-ups and restructuring processes throughout his career. These include Fred Olsen, Inc., Dolphin International, Inc., Blue Dolphin Energy, Seateam Technology ASA, DI Industries/Grey Wolf Drilling, American Resources Offshore, Inc., and Equimavenca SA. He has served on a number of public and private company boards including Frupor SA, Avenir ASA, Wellcem AS, and Siem Industries, Inc. Since July 2018, Mr. Siem has served as a member of the Board of Directors of PEDEVCO Corp. (NYSE American:PED), a company with securities registered under the Exchange Act.

Richard Dole has served as Chief Executive Officer of RDD Consulting, LLC since April 2015, which entity advises energy related companies on strategic and financial options. He served as President and CEO (beginning in 2008) and as a director of the Double Eagle Petroleum Co. (Double Eagle) from 2005 to March 2014. Mr. Dole also served as Chairman, President and CEO of Petrosearch Energy Corporation from 2004 until August 2014, when Petrosearch was merged with Double Eagle. He served on the Board of Directors; served as a member of the Board’s Audit Committee and as a designated financial expert of Westport Resources Corporation from March 2000, until Westport was merged into Kerr McGee Corp in 2004. Mr. Dole previously served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Burlington Resources International from 1998-2000. Mr. Dole was employed by PricewaterhouseCoopers (formerly Coopers & Lybrand) where he served as Assurance and Business Advisory Partner for nearly 20 years. During that period, he served in numerous senior management roles, including National Chairman for the Energy and Natural Resources Industry practices for over 15 years, Vice Chairman for the U.S. Process Management business unit and created the Southwest region Corporate Finance and Strategic Planning Group. He was also the National Partner-in-Charge of Business Process Solutions at KPMG from 1995-1998. These positions reported to executive management committees. Mr. Dole has been in the energy and finance businesses for nearly 40 years. He has worked in most sectors of the energy industry including exploration, production, transportation and marketing, both domestically and internationally. He also has broad functional knowledge in strategy, business processes, and finance, - with significant experience in leading business units, working with capital markets, evaluating alternative financings, risk management programs, economic analysis, acquisitions and divestitures and corporate mergers. His projects have entailed billions of dollars. He has written and spoken on hundreds of energy and finance topics during his career. He graduated from Colorado State University with a degree in business and was a business school commencement speaker as Alumni of the Year.

Term of Office

Our Directors are appointed for a one-year term to hold office until the next annual general meeting of our shareholders or until removed from office in accordance with our bylaws. Our officers are appointed by our board of directors and hold office until removed by the board.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Company promotes accountability for adherence to honest and ethical conduct; endeavors to provide full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Company files with the SEC and in other public communications made by the Company; and strives to be compliant with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations.

Board Leadership Structure

The roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company are currently held separately. Mr. Burns serves as Chairman and Mr. Khan serves as Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors does not have a policy as to whether the Chairman should be an independent director, an affiliated director, or a member of management. Our Board believes that the Company’s current leadership structure is appropriate because it effectively allocates authority, responsibility, and oversight between management (the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Khan and the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Fernandez) and the members of our Board (currently Mr. Burns as Chairman). It does this by giving primary responsibility for the operational leadership and strategic direction of the Company to its Chief Executive Officer, while enabling our Chairman to facilitate our Board’s oversight of management, promote communication between management and our Board, and support our Board’s consideration of key governance matters. The Board believes that its programs for overseeing risk, as described below, would be effective under a variety of leadership frameworks and therefore do not materially affect its choice of structure.

Risk Oversight

Effective risk oversight is an important priority of the Board of Directors. Because risks are considered in virtually every business decision, the Board of Directors discusses risk throughout the year generally or in connection with specific proposed actions. The Board of Directors’ approach to risk oversight includes understanding the critical risks in the Company’s business and strategy, evaluating the Company’s risk management processes, allocating responsibilities for risk oversight, and fostering an appropriate culture of integrity and compliance with legal responsibilities. The directors exercise direct oversight of strategic risks to the Company.

Family Relationships

None of our directors are related by blood, marriage, or adoption to any other director, executive officer, or other key employees.

Arrangements Between Officers and Directors

To our knowledge, there is no arrangement or understanding between any of our officers and any other person, including directors, pursuant to which the officer was selected to serve as an officer.

Other Directorships

No directors of the Company are also directors of issuers with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (or which otherwise are required to file periodic reports under the Exchange Act), except as discussed in their bios above.

Director Qualifications

The Board believes that each of our directors is highly qualified to serve as a member of the Board. Each of the directors has contributed to the mix of skills, core competencies and qualifications of the Board. When evaluating candidates for election to the Board, the Board seeks candidates with certain qualities that it believes are important, including integrity, an objective perspective, good judgment, and leadership skills. Our directors are highly educated and have diverse backgrounds and talents and extensive track records of success in what we believe are highly relevant positions.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

To the best of our knowledge, none of our executive officers or directors has been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:

Board of Directors Meetings

The Company had six (6) official meetings of the Board of Directors during the fiscal year 2018 and nine (9) during the previous fiscal year ending December 31, 2017. All directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board of Directors and meetings of Committees of the Board of Directors, for committees on which they served. The Company has not adopted a policy requiring its directors to attend its annual meeting. The Company’s majority shareholders took action via written consent during fiscal 2018, in lieu of a meeting of shareholders.

COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD

Board Committee Membership

(1) Chairman of Board of Directors.

C - Chairman of Committee.

M - Member.

The charter for each committee of the Board identified below is available on our website at www.petroliaenergy.com. Copies of the committee charters are also available for free upon written request to our Corporate Secretary. Additionally, the committee charters are filed as exhibits to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 24, 2018 (the “Form 8-K”).

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee, which is comprised exclusively of independent directors, has been established by the Board to oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements.

The Board has selected the members of the Audit Committee based on the Board’s determination that the members are financially literate (as required by NASDAQ rules) and qualified to monitor the performance of management and the independent auditors and to monitor our disclosures so that our disclosures fairly present our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Board has also determined that Mr. Womack, is an “audit committee financial expert” (as defined in the SEC rules) because he has the following attributes: (i) an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and financial statements; (ii) the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; (iii) experience analyzing and evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by our financial statements; (iv) an understanding of internal control over financial reporting; and (v) an understanding of audit committee functions. Mr. Womack has acquired these attributes by means of having held various positions that provided relevant experience, as described in his biographical above.

The Audit Committee has the sole authority, at its discretion and at our expense, to retain, compensate, evaluate and terminate our independent auditors and to review, as it deems appropriate, the scope of our annual audits, our accounting policies and reporting practices, our system of internal controls, our compliance with policies regarding business conduct and other matters. In addition, the Audit Committee has the authority, at its discretion and at our expense, to retain special legal, accounting or other advisors to advise the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee was formed on May 21, 2018.

The Audit Committee Charter is filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee, which is comprised exclusively of independent directors, is responsible for the administration of our stock compensation plans, approval, review and evaluation of the compensation arrangements for our executive officers and directors and oversees and advises the Board on the adoption of policies that govern the Company’s compensation and benefit programs. In addition, the Compensation Committee has the authority, at its discretion and at our expense, to retain special legal, accounting or other advisors to advise the Compensation Committee.

The Compensation Committee was formed on May 21, 2018.

The Compensation Committee Charter is filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018.

Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Governance Committee, which is comprised exclusively of independent directors, is responsible for identifying prospective qualified candidates to fill vacancies on the Board, recommending director nominees (including chairpersons) for each of our committees, developing and recommending appropriate corporate governance guidelines and overseeing the self-evaluation of the Board.

In considering individual director nominees and Board committee appointments, our Nominating and Governance Committee seeks to achieve a balance of knowledge, experience and capability on the Board and Board committees and to identify individuals who can effectively assist the Company in achieving our short-term and long-term goals, protecting our stockholders’ interests and creating and enhancing value for our stockholders. In so doing, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers a person’s diversity attributes (e.g., professional experiences, skills, background, race and gender) as a whole and does not necessarily attribute any greater weight to one attribute. Moreover, diversity in professional experience, skills and background, and diversity in race and gender, are just a few of the attributes that the Nominating and Governance Committee takes into account. In evaluating prospective candidates, the Nominating and Governance Committee also considers whether the individual has personal and professional integrity, good business judgment and relevant experience and skills, and whether such individual is willing and able to commit the time necessary for Board and Board committee service.

While there are no specific minimum requirements that the Nominating and Governance Committee believes must be met by a prospective director nominee, the Nominating and Governance Committee does believe that director nominees should possess personal and professional integrity, have good business judgment, have relevant experience and skills, and be willing and able to commit the necessary time for Board and Board committee service. Furthermore, the Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates each individual in the context of the Board as a whole, with the objective of recommending individuals that can best perpetuate the success of our business and represent stockholder interests through the exercise of sound business judgment using their diversity of experience in various areas. We believe our current directors possess diverse professional experiences, skills and backgrounds, in addition to (among other characteristics) high standards of personal and professional ethics, proven records of success in their respective fields and valuable knowledge of our business and our industry.

The Nominating and Governance Committee uses a variety of methods for identifying and evaluating director nominees. The Nominating and Governance Committee also regularly assesses the appropriate size of the Board and whether any vacancies on the Board are expected due to retirement or other circumstances. In addition, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers, from time to time, various potential candidates for directorships. Candidates may come to the attention of the Nominating and Governance Committee through current Board members, professional search firms, stockholders or other persons. These candidates may be evaluated at regular or special meetings of the Nominating and Governance Committee and may be considered at any point during the year.

The Committee evaluates director nominees at regular or special Committee meetings pursuant to the criteria described above and reviews qualified director nominees with the Board. The Committee selects nominees that best suit the Board’s current needs and recommends one or more of such individuals for election to the Board.

The Nominating and Governance Committee was formed on May 21, 2018.

The Nominating and Governance Committee Charter is filed as Exhibit 99.3 to the Form 8-K filed on May 24, 2018.

Stockholder Communications with the Board

Our Company has defined policy and procedural requirements for stockholders to submit recommendations or nominations for directors as set forth in the Company’s Bylaws and described below. Our Company does not currently have any specific or minimum criteria for the election of nominees to the Board of Directors and we do not have any specific process or procedure for evaluating such nominees. The Nominating and Governance Committee will assess all candidates, whether submitted by management or stockholders, and make recommendations for election or appointment.

The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider candidates recommended by stockholders, provided the names of such persons, accompanied by relevant biographical information, are properly submitted in writing to the Secretary of the Company in accordance with the manner described below. The Secretary will send properly submitted stockholder recommendations to the Nominating and Governance Committee. Individuals recommended by stockholders in accordance with these procedures will receive the same consideration received by individuals identified to the Nominating and Governance Committee through other means. The Nominating and Governance Committee also may, in its discretion, consider candidates otherwise recommended by stockholders without accompanying biographical information, if submitted in writing to the Secretary.

Our stockholders and other interested parties may communicate with members of the Board of Directors by submitting such communications in writing to our Corporate Secretary, 710 N. Post Oak Rd., Suite 512, Houston, Texas 77024, who, upon receipt of any communication other than one that is clearly marked “Confidential,” will note the date the communication was received, open the communication, make a copy of it for our files and promptly forward the communication to the director(s) to whom it is addressed. Upon receipt of any communication that is clearly marked “Confidential,” our Corporate Secretary will not open the communication, but will note the date the communication was received and promptly forward the communication to the director(s) to whom it is addressed. If the correspondence is not addressed to any particular Board member or members, the communication will be forwarded to a Board member to bring to the attention of the Board.

Code of Conduct

We have adopted a Code of Ethical Business Conduct (“ Code of Conduct ”) that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees.

Any stockholder who so requests may obtain a free copy of our Code of Conduct by submitting a written request to our Corporate Secretary. Additionally, the Code of Conduct was filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, filed with the SEC on November 23, 2015, as Exhibit 14.1.

We intend to disclose any amendments to our Code of Conduct and any waivers with respect to our Code of Conduct granted to our principal executive officer, our principal financial officer, or any of our other employees performing similar functions on our website at www.petroliaenergy.com within four business days after the amendment or waiver. In such case, the disclosure regarding the amendment or waiver will remain available on our website for at least 12 months after the initial disclosure. There have been no waivers granted with respect to our Code of Conduct to any such officers or employees.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial shareholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

Based solely upon a review by us of Forms 3 and 4 relating to fiscal year 2018 (and fiscal 2019 to date) as furnished to us under Rule 16a-3(d) under the Securities Act, and Forms 5 and amendments thereto furnished to us with respect to fiscal year 2018 (and fiscal 2019 to date), we believe that during fiscal 2018 (and fiscal 2019 to date), that no director, executive officer, or beneficial owner of more than 10% of our common stock failed to file a report on a timely basis during 2018 (and fiscal 2019 to date), except for: (i) James E. Burns, who inadvertently failed to timely file five Form 4s to report 12 transactions on Form 4; (ii) Leo Womack, who inadvertently failed to timely file two Form 4s to report seven transactions on Form 4; (iii) Joel Oppenheim, who inadvertently failed to timely file four Form 4s to report 19 transactions on Form 4; (iv) Tariq Chaudhary, who inadvertently failed to timely file one Form 4 to report one transaction on Form 4; (v) Ivar Siem, who inadvertently failed to timely file three Form 4s to report 20 transactions on Form 4; (vi) Quinten Beasley, who inadvertently failed to timely file two Form 4s to report four transactions on Form 4; (vii) Richard Dole, who inadvertently failed to timely file two Form 4s to report four transactions on Form 4; and (viii) Zel C. Khan, who inadvertently failed to timely file one Form 4 to report seven transactions on Form 4.

Pursuant to SEC rules, we are not required to disclose in this filing any failure to timely file a Section 16(a) report that has been disclosed by us in a prior annual report or proxy statement.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of (i) all individuals serving as our principal executive officer or acting in a similar capacity during the last completed fiscal year (“PEO”), regardless of compensation level; (ii) our two most highly compensated executive officers other than the PEO who were serving as executive officers at the end of the last completed fiscal year and who were paid more than $100,000 of total compensation; and (iii) up to two additional individuals for whom disclosure would have been provided pursuant to paragraph (ii) but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer at the end of the last completed fiscal year (collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”).

The following table summarizes all compensation paid or accrued to our former or current executive officers during the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

Does not include perquisites and other personal benefits, or property, unless the aggregate amount of such compensation is more than $10,000. None of our executive officers received any change in pension value and nonqualified deferred compensation earnings during the periods presented.

We do not provide our officers or employees with pension, stock appreciation rights, long-term incentive, profit sharing, retirement or other plans, although we may adopt one or more of such plans in the future.

We do not maintain any life or disability insurance on any of our officers.

Employment Agreements

Zel C. Khan (CEO)

On September 23, 2015, Zel C. Khan, entered into an employment agreement with the Company effective October 1, 2015 to serve as our President and Chief Executive Officer for an initial term of twenty-four (24) months (automatically renewable thereafter for additional one-year terms), which agreement automatically extended from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018 and from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. The agreement provides that the Company will pay Mr. Khan an annual base salary of $160,000, with a provision for deferral of current payments until such time that the Company is cash flow positive. The Company will issue one warrant to purchase one share of the Company’s restricted common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share for each dollar of gross salary that is deferred. The Warrants will have a term of 36 months from date of grant, which will vest quarterly.

Mr. Khan also received a one-time grant of one million (1,000,000) restricted shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”), effective October 1, 2015.

In the event Mr. Khan’s employment is terminated by the Company without cause, he is required to receive severance pay equal to two months of his base salary. “Cause” means (i) the commission of a felony or other crime involving moral turpitude or the commission of any other act or omission involving misappropriation, dishonesty, unethical business conduct, disloyalty, fraud or breach of fiduciary duty, (ii) reporting to work under the influence of alcohol, (iii) the use of illegal drugs (whether or not at the workplace) or other conduct, which could reasonably be expected to, or which does, cause the Company or any of its affiliates public disgrace or disrepute or economic harm, (iv) repeated failure to perform duties as reasonably directed by the Board of Directors, (v) gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to the Company or its affiliates or in the performance of Mr. Khan’s duties under the agreement, (vi) obtaining any personal profit not thoroughly disclosed to and approved by the board in connection with any transaction entered into by, or on behalf of, the Company or any of its affiliates, or (vii) violating any of the terms of the Company’s or its affiliates’ rules or policies applicable to Mr. Khan which, if curable, is not cured to the board’s reasonable satisfaction within fifteen (15) days after written notice thereof to Mr. Khan, or any other material breach of the agreement or any other agreement between Mr. Khan and the Company or any of its affiliates which, if curable, is not cured to the board’s reasonable satisfaction within fifteen (15) days after written notice thereof to Mr. Khan.

The employment agreement includes a non-solicitation/non-interference clause which applies for two years after the termination date of the employment agreement. The employment agreement also requires Mr. Khan to submit to the board all business, commercial and investment opportunities or offers presented to Mr. Khan or of which Mr. Khan becomes aware which relate to the business of the Company or its affiliates.

On April 18, 2017, Mr. Khan agreed to amend his agreement so that his salary was reduced to $10 per annum.

There are no family relationships between Mr. Khan and any of our other directors or executive officers.

The following shows the amount of time Mr. Khan expects to devote to our business:

Paul Deputy (Former CFO))

On July 1, 2016, Paul Deputy, entered into an employment agreement with the Company effective July 1, 2016 to serve as our Chief Financial Officer for an initial term of twelve (12) months (automatically renewable thereafter for additional one-year terms), which agreement automatically renewed on July 1, 2017. The agreement provides that the Company will pay Mr. Deputy an annual base salary of $140,000, with a provision for deferral of 90 days. After the 90 days Mr. Deputy is issued one warrant for each dollar of gross salary that is deferred. The exercise price of the warrants is the market price of the Company’s shares at each quarter end.

Mr. Deputy also received a one-time grant of warrants to purchase five hundred fifty thousand (550,000) shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”), effective July 1, 2016. These warrants will be exercisable for a three-year period beginning July 1, 2016 at a strike price of $0.07 cents.

Effective January 16, 2018, Paul Deputy tendered his resignation as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

James E. Burns (Former President)

On April 18, 2017, James E. Burns was appointed President of the Company and entered into an employment agreement with the Company to serve as President. The agreement provides that the Company will pay Mr. Burns $300,000 per year in base salary. For the first year of employment, $100,000 of the salary will be paid in cash, the remaining amount will be paid by the issuance of 1,400,000 shares of common stock. On June 30, 2017, 350,000 shares, valued at $35,000, were issued in accordance with Mr. Burns’ common stock related salary compensation. On September 30, 2017, 350,000 shares, valued at $42,000, were issued in accordance with Mr. Burns’ common stock related salary compensation. The $100,000 cash salary will commence after $1,000,000 is raised from the Series A Preferred Offering or a material event that brings cash into the Company. A one-time signing bonus of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, valued at $120,000, was granted to Mr. Burns upon execution of the agreement. Mr. Burns will also receive an annual bonus based on the percentage increase in stock price during the year. For every percentage point increase in stock price, Mr. Burns will be paid that percentage times his base salary. For example, if the stock price increased by 20%, then a $60,000 bonus ($300,000 * 20% = $60,000) would be paid. On an annual basis, Mr. Burns will also receive service related warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.14 per share. At September 30, 2017, warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock were granted, valued at $29,580, related to his 3rd quarter service bonus. These warrants are based on a $0.12 price per share valuation, volatility of 286%, a discount rate of 1.09% and a 3 year term. In addition, warrants to purchase 166,667 shares of common stock were granted, valued at $14,758, related to his 2nd quarter service bonus. These warrants are based on a $0.09 price per share valuation, volatility of 286%, a discount rate of 1.09% and a 3 year term. On December 31, 2017, warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock were granted, at a $0.17 price per share valuation, related to his 4^th quarter service, volatility of 284%, and a discount rate of 1.09%, valued at $41,916.

On April 19, 2018, we entered into a Separation and Release Agreement with Mr. Burns (the “Separation Agreement”). Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Mr. Burns and the Company agreed:

Effective on May 1, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company (a) appointed Zel C. Khan (the current Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company) as President of the Company; and (b) appointed James E. Burns, the Company’s President prior to May 1, 2018, as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company.

On April 26, 2018, and effective May 1, 2018, the Company entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Burns dated April 20, 2018, pursuant to which, he agreed to serve as Chairman of the Company and the Company agreed to pay him (a) $500 per month as an automobile allowance, (b) up to $25,000 per year for he and his family’s health insurance, (c) $65,000 per year for compensation as Chairman (provided that such compensation is accrued until the Company has sufficient available capital to pay such amounts in cash and Mr. Burns is to receive 1-for-1 warrant coverage, with a $0.10 per share exercise price, for all accrued salary, issuable at the end of each calendar quarter), (d) 500,000 shares of the Company’s restricted common stock (the “Letter Shares”), (e) warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, vesting at the rate of 750,000 of such warrants per quarter, upon completing and filing of each of the following four periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, having a term of 36 months, and an exercise price of $0.10 per share (the “Letter Warrants”), and (f) the right to earn bonuses as approved by the Board of Directors in its discretion from time to time. An additional 500,000 shares of restricted common stock will be issued upon a successful listing of the Company on the NASDAQ or NYSE exchanges. Mr. Burns was granted fully vested warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.10 per share expiring in 36 months. The warrants were granted at fair value using a Black Scholes model for $147,600 and the restricted shares were valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the agreement for $45,000. The letter agreement has a term through April 30, 2019, provided that Mr. Burn’s position as Chairman and/or director can be terminated at any time if he is not re-nominated to serve as Chairman/director, at which time the Company is required to pay the compensation due to Mr. Burns pursuant to the terms of the agreement for the lesser of three months and until the end of the term.

Tariq Chaudhary (Former CFO)

On January 12, 2018, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Tariq Chaudhary, the Company’s former CFO, for a period of one year. The former CFO was to be paid a salary of $7,500 a month during the first 90 days of the probationary period. Upon successful completion of the probationary period, the salary was to be $120,000 per year. Also, the former CFO was to be given a signing bonus of 500,000 shares of common stock and was granted warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock exercisable at $0.12 per share equally vesting over 36 months upon successful completion of the probationary period. Mr. Chaudhary successfully completed the probationary period and was issued the compensation described above. On October 31, 2018, Tariq Chaudhary, tendered his resignation as CFO, effective immediately.

Director Compensation

The table below summarizes all compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2018, other than Mr. Khan, whose compensation is included in the executive compensation table above:

The notes below summarizes all compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The fair value of stock issued for services computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 on the date of grant.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock and preferred stock by (i) each person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than five percent (5%) of our outstanding voting stock; (ii) each of our directors and director nominees; (iii) each of our executive officers and significant employees; and (iv) all of our current executive officers, significant employees and directors as a group, as of October 15, 2019 (the “Date of Determination”).

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting and/or investing power with respect to securities. These rules generally provide that shares of common stock subject to options, warrants or other convertible securities that are currently exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the Date of Determination, are deemed to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person or group holding such options, warrants or other convertible securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of such person or group, but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person or group.

We believe that, except as otherwise noted and subject to applicable community property laws, each person named in the following table has sole investment and voting power with respect to the shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by such person. Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each of the officers or directors listed in the table below is 710 N. Post Oak Rd., Suite 512, Houston, Texas 77024.

* Less than 1%.

Under Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote, or to direct the voting of shares, and/or (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Also under this rule, certain shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemed to be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire shares (for example, upon exercise of an option or warrant) within 60 days of the date as of which the information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person, the amount of shares is deemed to include the amount of shares beneficially owned by such person by reason of such acquisition rights. As a result, the percentage of outstanding shares of any person as shown in the following table does not necessarily reflect the person’s actual voting power at any particular date.

Changes in Control

The Company is not aware of any arrangements, which may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of the Company.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.

Except as discussed below or otherwise disclosed above under “Item 11. Executive Compensation,” or in Note 4 – Acquisition of Bow Energy, Ltd., a Related Party, Note 5 – Disposition of Bow Energy, Ltd., a Related Party, Note 8 – Related Party Notes Payable, Note 11 - Equity and Note 12 - Related Party Transactions, of the consolidated audited financial statements included herein, all of which information is incorporated by reference into this Item 13, there have been no transactions since the beginning of the Company’s last fiscal year, and there is not currently any proposed transaction, in which the Company was or is to be a participant, where the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the Company’s total assets at year end, for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any officer, director, or any stockholder owning greater than five percent (5%) of our outstanding voting shares, nor any member of the above referenced individual’s immediate family, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

On April 18, 2017, Mr. James Burns and Mr. Saleem Nizami were elected as Directors of the Company. In exchange for accepting their appointments, each individual was granted 100,000 shares of common stock valued at $0.13 per share. Each Director’s shares were valued at $13,000.

On June 8, 2017, the Company sold a 2007 Toyota Tundra truck to Jovian for $5,000. The payment was made through a $5,000 reduction of Jovian’s shareholder advance balance. The transaction resulted in a loss of $3,677 based on an original cost of $10,625 and accumulated depreciation of $1,948.

During 2017, shareholders advanced an additional $361,600 to the Company, the Company made payments back to shareholders of $74,000 ($5,000 out of the $74,000 related to the truck purchase disclosed above) and $262,500 of outstanding debt was converted to Series A Preferred Stock. This resulted in an increase to the shareholder advance liability from $192,000 at December 31, 2016 to $217,100 at December 31, 2017. The following related parties (Leo Womack - $55,000, Lee Lytton - $25,000, Joel Oppenheim - $167,500 and Paul Deputy - $15,000) converted their shareholder advances into Preferred Stock.

For their service as Directors on the Company’s Board of Directors, on May 23, 2017, the Board granted Leo B. Womack, the former Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company, warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.12 per share, which vested immediately, and are exercisable for 36 months thereafter. The Board also granted Lee Lytton, Joel Oppenheim, Quinten Beasley and Saleem Nizami, members of the Board of Directors, each a warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.12 per share, which vested immediately, and are exercisable for 36 months thereafter. The fair value of the warrants granted on May 23, 2017 is $356,027, based on a $0.12 valuation, volatility of 235%, a discount rate of 1.09% and a 3-year term. The total amount of the warrants was expensed during December 31, 2017. These warrants are subject to a clawback provision which would be ratably invoked if a director did not complete his 2017 service term.

Beginning February 1, 2016, the Company sponsored the SUDS 1% Term Overriding Royalty Interest offering (“ORRI”) on behalf of the SUDS field to raise $300,000 to purchase and install pump jacks for twenty-two (22) previously drilled wells at the field. Under the terms of the offering, investors received 1% of the gross revenue from the field monthly, based on their investment of $20,000 until such time they receive a cumulative revenue amount of $30,000. At its completion, the ORRI raised a total of $300,000. Effective April 18, 2017, all owners of SUDS ORRI interests were authorized to convert their interests, at their sole discretion, to Preferred Stock in the Company in conjunction with the Company’s current Series A Preferred Stock Offering. Included in this conversion offering each investor converted ORRI interests equal to the cumulative revenue amount of $30,000, less their revenue received since inception. During the second quarter of 2017, 14% of the 15% outstanding SUDS ORRI interests were converted to Preferred Stock of the Company. This conversion resulted in 40,500 shares of Preferred Stock being issued to those holders who chose to convert, with a value of $405,000. The transaction resulted in an increase to Oil and Gas Property assets by $280,000 and an increase to interest expense of $128,229 and a cash true-up payment of $3,230. Related parties (James Burns, Joel Oppenheim, Paul Deputy (former CFO), Lee Lytton (former Secretary and Director), Leo Womack and Jovian) converted 6% in ORRI interests and received a total of 17,400 shares of Preferred Stock (2,900 shares of Preferred Stock each), with the total valued at $174,000.

On May 23, 2017, related party debt holders were offered the option to convert their outstanding loan balances of $362,500 and accrued interest of $13,400 (totaling $375,900) into Preferred Stock. As a result, the following Preferred Stock shares were issued: Leo Womack 5,500 shares, Joel Oppenheim 17,590 shares, Lee Lytton 2,500 shares, James Burns 10,500 shares, and Paul Deputy 1,500 shares. In addition, any holder of any non-interest bearing loan converted also received warrants to purchase four shares of common stock for each dollar converted. Consequently, a total of warrants to purchase 400,000 shares of common stock were granted (Leo Womack 70,000 shares, Joel Oppenheim 270,000 shares, Lee Lytton 30,000 shares and Paul Deputy (former CFO) 30,000 shares) as part of the conversion, which each had an exercise price of $0.20 per share and a term of 3 years. The warrants were valued at $47,319. Any loan that had received warrants when initially issued did not receive additional warrants in this conversion offering.

Jovian converted its outstanding $4,000,000 of debt in two tranches, a $2,000,000 first tranche on May 30, 2017 and a $2,000,000 second tranche on July 19, 2017. Although the two transactions occurred in different reporting periods, the two transactions were contemplated together, and they were accounted for as one extinguishment that was accomplished in two tranches, the first in May 2017 and the second in July 2017.

Tranche 1 - On May 30, 2017, Jovian converted $2 million of its $4 million debt into 10 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The $2 million debt included a $1 million Promissory Note and $1 million of the $3 million Production Payment Note as well as interest payable of $33,151.

Tranche 2 - On July 19, 2017, Jovian converted $2 million of its remaining debt (outstanding under a Production Payment Note) into 12,749,285 shares of the Company’s common stock and 21,510 shares of the Company’s Preferred Stock.

The consideration for the debt extinguished consisted of the following:

The combination of the two transactions resulted in an $88,755 loss which was recognized in the second quarter of 2017. The extinguishment of tranche 2 was recognized in the third quarter, with no impact on the consolidated statement of operations.

On May 23, 2017, James E. Burns, the President of the Company, sold a Caterpillar D6 Dozer to the Company in exchange for 3,000 shares of Preferred Stock. The equipment was valued at $30,000.

On August 1, 2017, Mr. Joel Oppenheim provided a Letter of Credit (LOC), which was posted as collateral, in order for the Company to issue operating bonds with the State of New Mexico for the operation of 25 Twin Lakes San Andres Unit wells. In exchange for the LOC, the Company issued Mr. Oppenheim 2,000,000 shares of common stock valued at $246,000 and warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock valued at $236,586 with an exercise price of $0.14 per share. The warrants are based on a $0.12 price per share valuation, volatility of 286%, a discount rate of 1.09% and a 3 year term. For each quarter following the initial advance until the LOC is revoked an additional two hundred fifty thousand (250,000) warrants will be granted. The exercise price of those warrants will be the average common stock market price over the previous 90 days. In addition, the Company will provide a security interest in the form of a 100% undivided working interest in the NOACK field. On December 31, 2017, warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock were granted, at $0.17 price per share valuation, related to the Letter of Credit (LOC) provided for the 4^th quarter, volatility of 284%, a discount rate of 1.09%, and a 3 year term, valued at $41,916.

On September 26, 2017, Mr. Oppenheim was issued 1,035,000 shares of common stock. These shares were the result of exercising warrants to purchase 1,035,000 shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $0.06 per share, which included the remittance of $62,065 as the aggregate exercise price.

On October 1, 2017, the Company initiated a new $500,000 private placement offering consisting of 10 units to “accredited investors”, with each unit consisting of (1) 416,667 shares of restricted common stock and (2) warrants to purchase 416,667 additional shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.20 per share at any time prior to October 1, 2020. Each unit was sold for $50,000. In 2017, the Company sold 6.5 (six and a half) Units (2,708,336 restricted shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 2,708,336 shares of common stock) for aggregate consideration of $325,000. Included as purchasers in the offering were Leo Womack, our Director, who purchased 0.8 (8/10 part) of a Unit for an aggregate of $40,000; and Joel Oppenheim, our Director, who acquired one fifth of one (1/5 part) Unit for an aggregate of $10,000.

On February 1, 2018, former director Quinten Beasley, exercised warrants to purchase 1,110,000 shares of common stock by settling $102,590 of accounts payable, due to a company controlled by the former director, at an average share price of $0.092 per share. No gain or loss was recorded on settlement.

On February 1, 2018, director Joel Oppenheim subscribed for a private placement resulting in the issuance of 208,333 shares of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $25,000 at a price of $0.12 per unit.

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a Revolving Line of Credit Agreement (“LOC”) for $200,000 (subsequently increased to $500,000 on April 12, 2018) with Jovian. The CEO of Jovian is Quinten Beasley, our former director (resigned October 31, 2018), and 25% of Jovian is owned by Zel C. Khan, our CEO and director. The initial agreement is for a period of 6 months and can be extended for up to 5 additional terms of 6 months each. All amounts advanced pursuant to the LOC will bear interest from the date of advance until paid in full at 3.5% simple interest per annum. Interest will be calculated on a basis of a 360-day year and charged for the actual number of days elapsed. The LOC currently has a term through December 31, 2019.

On February 23, 2018, director Saleem Nizami was issued 100,000 shares of common stock, valued at $13,000 or $0.13 per share, in exchange for his professional consulting services at the SUDS, Oklahoma lease.

On February 27, 2018, the transactions contemplated by the November 30, 2017, Arrangement (the “Arrangement”) entered into to acquire Bow Energy Ltd (“Bow” and the “Acquisition”), a Canadian company with corporate offices in Alberta, Calgary, closed and the Company acquired Bow Energy Ltd., a related party and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Bow (each a “Bow Share”). Under the terms of the Arrangement, Bow shareholders are deemed to have received 1.15 common stock shares for each Bow Share. A total of 106,156,712 shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to the Bow shareholders as a result of the Arrangement, plus additional shares in connection with rounding. Prior to the acquisition of Bow, BSIH, Ltd., was the largest shareholder of Bow. BSIH’s Chief Executive Officer, Ilyas Chaudhary, is the father of Petrolia’s CEO, Zel C. Khan. Mr. Chaudhary had a controlling interest in BSIH prior to the acquisition of Bow. Therefore, the Bow acquisition is a related party transaction.

On February 28, 2018, director Joel Oppenheim exercised warrants to purchase 630,000 shares of common stock for cash proceed of $61,800 at an average exercise price of $0.098 per share.

On March 23, 2018, director, Joel Oppenheim subscribed in a private placement for 104,167 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 104,167 shares of common stock, for gross proceeds of $12,500 at a price of $0.12 per unit. The warrants have a contractual life of two years and an exercise price of $0.20 per warrant.

On March 31, 2018, 350,000 shares of common stock, valued at $35,000 or $0.10 per share, were issued in accordance with Mr. James Burns’ common stock related salary compensation.

On April 12, 2018, the Board of Directors approved (a) the entry by the Company into a $500,000 Convertible Promissory Note with Blue Sky International Holdings Inc., a related party. The note, effective April 1, 2018, is due on April 1, 2019, accrues interest at the rate of 11% per annum until paid in full, and is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company at the rate of $0.12 per share. This note was never utilized and subsequently cancelled on April 27, 2018; and (b) the entry into an Amended Revolving Line of Credit Agreement with Jovian, a related party, which establishes a revolving line of credit in the amount of $500,000 with amounts borrowed thereunder due at the expiration of the line of credit and accruing interest at the rate of 3.5% per annum unless there is a default thereunder at which time amounts outstanding accrue interest at the rate of 7.5% per annum until paid in full, with such interest payable every 90 days. Both the BSIH Promissory Note and the Jovian Line of Credit are related party transactions. Blue Sky International Holdings Inc. is owned by Mr. Ilyas Chaudhary, father of Zel C. Khan, former Director and Officer of Jovian and current CEO and President of Petrolia.

On April 26, 2018, Joel Oppenheim, Director, exercised warrants to purchase 500,000 shares of common stock for cash proceed of $50,000 at an average exercise price of $0.10 per share.

On May 22, 2018, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock to officer Tariq Chaudhary, who had served as the Chief Financial Officer, as part of his compensation package. The shares had a fair value of $50,000, or $0.10 per share, based on the closing price of Petrolia’s stock on the grant date.

Effective on June 29, 2018, the Company acquired a 25% working interest in approximately 41,526 acres located in the Luseland, Hearts Hill, and Cuthbert fields, located in Southwest Saskatchewan and Eastern Alberta, Canada, from Blue Sky. The President of Blue Sky is Ilyas Chaudhary, the father of Zel C. Khan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

On August 17, 2018, the Company sold an aggregate of $90,000 in Convertible Promissory Notes (the “Director Convertible Notes”), to the Company’s directors, Ivar Siem ($20,000) through an entity that he is affiliated with; Leo Womack ($60,000); and Joel Oppenheim ($10,000). The Director Convertible Notes accrue interest at the rate of 12% per annum until paid in full and are due and payable on October 17, 2018. The amount owed may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The outstanding principal and interest owed under the Director Convertible Notes are convertible into common stock of the Company, from time to time, at the option of the holders of the notes, at a conversion price of $0.10 per share. As additional consideration for entering into the notes, the Company agreed to grant warrants to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share for each dollar loaned pursuant to the Director Convertible Notes (the “Bridge Note Warrants”). The warrants have a contractual life of one year. As such, the Company granted (a) 20,000 Bridge Note Warrants to an entity affiliated with Ivar Siem; (b) 60,000 Bridge Note Warrants to Leo Womack; and (c) 10,000 Bridge Note Warrants to Joel Oppenheim. The Director Convertible Notes contain standard and customary events of default. The Company fair valued the warrants issued using a Black Scholes model for a total fair value of $6,249.

Effective on August 31, 2018, the Company entered into and closed the transactions contemplated by a Share Exchange Agreement with Blue Sky, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company sold Blue Sky 100% of our ownership of Bow and 70,807,417 shares of the Company’s common stock owned and controlled by Blue Sky and BSIH were returned to the Company and cancelled.

On September 14, 2018, warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $11,242 were granted to director Joel Oppenheim pursuant to a loan agreement. Each warrant is exercisable into shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share and has a contractual life of two years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

On September 17, 2018, the Company entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with Blue Sky. Pursuant to the MOU, the Company acquired an additional 3% working interest in the Canadian Properties, increasing our Working Interest to 28%. Total consideration paid from the Company to Blue Sky for the additional 3% Working Interest was $150,000.

On October 17, 2018, 2,000,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $256,000 were granted to a company controlled by a former director Quinten Beasley, Critical Communications Limited, pursuant to a separation agreement and his resignation as a member of the Board of Directors. Furthermore, warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $244,429 were granted. Each warrant is exercisable into shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share and has a contractual life of two years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

On October 22, 2018, director Leo B. Womack exercised warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock. The exercise price of $60,000 or $0.06 per share was satisfied by forgiving debt outstanding and due to the holder of $60,000, with no gain or loss recognized.

On October 31, 2018, director Joel Oppenheim subscribed in a private placement for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $25,000 at a price of $0.08 per unit. Each warrant has an exercise of $0.10 per share and expires on November 1, 2020.

On November 1, 2018, director Richard Dole subscribed in a private placement for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $25,000 at a price of $0.08 per unit. Each warrant has an exercise of $0.10 per share and expires on November 1, 2020.

On November 2, 2018, Jovian, a related party, subscribed in a private placement for 625,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $50,000 at a price of $0.08 per unit. Each warrant has an exercise of $0.10 per share and expires on November 1, 2020.

On December 14, 2018, director Joel Oppenheim subscribed in a private placement for 156,250 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 312,500 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $12,500 at a price of $0.08 per unit. Each warrant has an exercise of $0.10 per share and expires on November 1, 2020.

On December 14, 2018, American Resources Offshore Inc., a related party, subscribed in a private placement for 156,250 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 312,500 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $12,500 at a price of $0.08 per unit. Each warrant has an exercise of $0.10 per share and expires on November 1, 2020.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of common stock with an aggregate fair value of $104,009 were granted to director Joel Oppenheim, pursuant to a loan agreement. Each warrant is exercisable into shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $0.10 - $0.14 per share and has a contractual life of three years. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

On August 21, 2019, the Company closed private placements with related parties for gross proceeds of $150,000, consisting of 1,875,000 shares of common stock and 3,750,000 warrants to purchase shares of common stock, exercisable at a price of $0.10 per share at any time prior to November 1, 2020. American Resources Offshore Inc. (of which Ivar Siem, our director) subscribed for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock. Leo Womack, our director, subscribed for 312,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 625,000 shares of common stock. Jovian Petroleum Corporation, a greater than 5% shareholder of the Company, subscribed for 625,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock. Joel Martin Oppenheim, our director, subscribed for 625,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock.

Review, Approval and Ratification of Related Party Transactions

On August 22, 2018, the Company adopted a formal related party transaction policy (the “Policy”) for the review, approval or ratification of transactions, such as those described above, with our directors, nominees for director, executive officers and significant shareholders or certain entities or persons related to them.

Under the terms of the Policy, the Audit Committee shall review the material facts of all related party transactions and may approve or disapprove of the entry into the related party transaction. Where advance Audit Committee review of a related party transaction is not feasible or has otherwise not been obtained, then the related party transaction shall be reviewed subsequently by the Audit Committee (and such transaction may be ratified subsequently by the Audit Committee). The Audit Committee may also disapprove of a previously entered into related party transaction and may require that management of the Company take all reasonable efforts to terminate, unwind, cancel or annul the related party transaction. The Audit Committee shall be authorized to review in advance and provide standing pre-approval in advance of certain related party transactions or categories of related party transactions which include employment of executive officers, director compensation and others. The Audit Committee or the Board of Directors may recommend the creation of a special Audit Committee to review any related party transaction.

Each officer and/or director who is a related party with respect to a particular related party transaction shall disclose all material information to the Audit Committee concerning such related party transaction and his or her interest in such transaction. Any member of the Audit Committee who has a potential interest in any related party transaction shall recuse himself or herself and abstain from voting on the approval or ratification of the related party transaction, but may participate in all or a portion of the Audit Committee’s discussions of the related party transaction, if requested by the Audit Committee.

In connection with its review of a related party transaction, the Audit Committee shall take into account, among other factors it deems appropriate, including the following factors, among others, to the extent relevant to the related party transaction:

● Whether the terms of the related party transaction are fair to the Company and would apply on the same basis if the transaction did not involve a related party, i.e., whether the terms of the transaction would be the same if the transaction was undertaken on an arms-length basis;

● Whether there are any compelling business reasons for the Company to enter into the related party transaction and the nature of alternative transactions, if any;

● Whether the related party transaction would impair the independence of an otherwise independent director or nominee for director;

● Whether the Company was notified about the related party transaction before its commencement and if not, why pre-approval was not sought and whether subsequent ratification would be detrimental to the Company; and

● Whether the related party transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any related party, taking into account the size of the transaction, the overall financial position of the related party, the direct or indirect nature of the related party’s interest in the transaction and the ongoing nature of any proposed relationship and any other factors the Audit Committee deems relevant.

If a related party transaction will be ongoing, the Audit Committee may establish guidelines for the Company’s management to follow in its ongoing dealings with the related party. Thereafter, the Audit Committee shall periodically review and assess ongoing relationships with the related party. Any material amendment, renewal or extension of a transaction, arrangement or relationship previously reviewed under the Policy shall also be subject to subsequent review under the Policy.

In addition to guidelines for ongoing related party transactions, the Audit Committee may, as it deems appropriate and reasonable, establish from time to time guidelines regarding the review of other related party transactions including those that (i) involve de minimus amounts, (ii) do not require public disclosure, or (iii) involve transactions that have primarily a charitable purpose.

Director Independence

Our common stock is quoted for trading on the OTC Pink market operated by OTC Markets Group and we are not required to have independent members of our Board of Directors pursuant to OTC Pink market rules. Notwithstanding that we currently consider Leo Womack, Joel Oppenheim, Saleem Nizami, Ivar Siem and Richard Dole as independent directors.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.

M&K CPAS, PLLC (“M&K”) served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2018. MaloneBailey, LLP (“MaloneBailey”) served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2017 and resigned effective January 29, 2019. The following table shows the aggregate fees billed to us for these years by M&K and MaloneBailey.

Audit fees represent amounts billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements and the reviews of the financial statements included in our Form 10-Q reports. Prior to contracting with M&K and MaloneBailey to render audit or non-audit services, each engagement was approved by our directors.

It is the policy of our Board of Directors that all services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, including audit services and permitted audit-related and non-audit services, must be pre-approved by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors pre-approved all services, audit and non-audit related, provided to us by M&K and MaloneBailey for 2018 and 2017.

In order to assure continuing auditor independence, the Board of Directors periodically considers the independent auditor’s qualifications, performance and independence and whether there should be a regular rotation of our independent external audit firm.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

All financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-K.