PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC. - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2015

or

For the transition period from               to              

Commission file number: 333-155375

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

400 Kelby Street, 12th Floor

Fort Lee, New Jersey 07024

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 867-0700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer   ¨   Accelerated filer   ¨   Non-accelerated filer   ¨   Smaller reporting company    þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨     No þ

As of June 30, 2015, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant based on the price at which the common equity was last sold on the Nasdaq Capital Market on such date, was approximately $19.6 million. For purposes of this computation only, all officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates.

As of March 31, 2016, 8,699,712 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Form 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements,” which include information relating to future events, future financial performance, financial projections, strategies, expectations, competitive environment and regulation.  Words such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “future,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, identify forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and may not be accurate indications of when such performance or results will be achieved.  Forward-looking statements are based on information we have when those statements are made or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with that may cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements. Moreover, new risks regularly emerge and it is not possible for us to predict or articulate all risks we face, nor can we assess the impact of all risks on our business or the extent to which any risk, or combination of risks, may cause actual results to differ from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Except to the extent required by applicable laws or rules, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the foregoing and other risks that relate to our business and investing in shares of our common stock.

PART I

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

Overview

Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Pioneer," "we," "us," "our," or "the Company")  manufactures, sells and services a broad range of specialty electrical transmission, distribution and on-site power generation equipment for applications in the utility, industrial, commercial and backup power markets.  Our principal products and services include custom-engineered electrical transformers, switchgear and engine-generator sets and controls, complemented by a national field-service network to maintain and repair power generation assets. We are headquartered in Fort Lee, New Jersey and operate from 13 additional locations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico for manufacturing, service, centralized distribution, engineering, sales and administration.

Our largest customers, which include a number of recognized national and regional utilities, industrial companies and engineering, procurement and construction firms, are located in North America. In addition, we sell our products through hundreds of electrical distributors served by our network of stocking locations throughout the U.S. and Canada. We intend to grow our business through internal product development, expansion of our sales force coverage and through acquisitions to increase the scope and relevance of highly-engineered solutions and technical service we offer our customers for their specific electrical applications.

Description of Business Segments

In 2015, we had two reportable segments: Transmission & Distribution Solutions (“T&D Solutions”) and Critical Power Solutions (“Critical Power”). 

T&D Solutions Segment

We design, develop, manufacture and sell a wide range of electrical transmission and distribution equipment and our emphasis is to provide custom engineered, manufactured-to-order solutions, which we estimate currently represents over two-thirds of our T&D revenue. We believe that demand for our custom solutions is driven primarily by end user maintenance programs to repair, replace or retrofit aging equipment, as well as to upgrade or expand their electrical distribution systems to accommodate growth and other changes in their operations. In addition, a significant portion of our custom solutions revenue is derived from the production of magnetic subassemblies incorporated by original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) into the systems they sell, systems which in the case of our customers are principally being used for data center, elevator control and electric drive applications.  The remainder of our T&D Solutions revenue is derived from our catalogue of standard transformer designs, models which are sold primarily through electrical distributors and to brand label customers. These products are manufactured to stock and are used in general purpose electrical applications, with demand being driven by the overall pace of new commercial construction.

We distinguish ourselves by producing a wide range of engineered-to-order and standard equipment, sold either directly to end users, through manufacturers’ representatives and engineering and construction firms or through electrical distributors. We serve customers in a variety of industries including electric utilities, industrial customers, OEMs, commercial firms, contractors and renewable energy producers.

Summary of T&D Segment Offerings

Overview of Electrical Transformers

Our liquid-filled and dry-type power, distribution and specialty electrical transformers are magnetic products used in the control and conditioning of electrical current for critical processes. An electric transformer is used to increase or decrease the voltage of electricity traveling through a power line. This change in voltage is accomplished by transferring electric energy from one internal coil or winding to another coil through electromagnetic induction. Electric power generating plants use generator transformers to “step-up,” or increase, voltage that is transferred through power lines in order to transmit the electricity more efficiently and over long distances. When high voltage electricity nears its final destination, a “step-down” transformer reduces its voltage. A distribution transformer makes a final step-down in voltage to a level usable in businesses and homes.

Transformers are integral to every electrical transmission and distribution system. Electric utilities use transformers for the construction and maintenance of their power networks. Industrial firms use transformers to supply factories with electricity and to distribute power to production machinery. The renewable energy industry uses transformers to connect new sources of electricity generation to the power grid. The construction industry uses transformers for the supply of electricity to new homes and buildings and original equipment manufacturers use custom transformers as a component part of the systems they make.

We manufacture liquid-filled transformers at our facility in Granby, Quebec. Liquid-filled transformers are typically used for applications handling utility or industrial-level electrical loads, such as in a substation, and are most commonly found in outdoor settings given the risk of leakage and the flammable properties of the liquid coolant, typically mineral oil. We manufacture these products in electrical power ranges from 25 kVA (kilovolt amperes) to 30 MVA (megavolt amperes) and at up to 69 kV (kilovolts) in voltage. In recent years, we have focused primarily on the small power market, generally considered to include transformers between 1 MVA and 10 MVA, as well as on specialty transformers such as network and submersible designs used by utilities to withstand harsh environments and ensure reliability of service. We sell these products to electrical utilities, independent power providers, electrical co-ops, industrial companies, commercial users and electric equipment wholesalers. All of our liquid-filled transformers are designed and manufactured specifically to a customer order.

We manufacture dry-type transformers and custom magnetics at our facilities in Farnham, Quebec and Reynosa, Mexico. The largest and longest-standing component of our dry-type transformer revenue consists of low voltage, standard distribution units sold from our catalogue of over 1,000 designs. These units are typically used indoors to handle general loads for powering commercial and industrial machinery and equipment requiring 50 VA through 1 MVA of power transformation capacity in voltages at or below 600 V (volts). In recent years, we have focused primarily on custom-engineered solutions – including equipment for OEM applications, and transformers in the medium voltage and power-dry product classes where our range extends to 10 MVA and to 35kV in voltage. Medium voltage and power-dry transformers are conventionally used for indoor applications and in metropolitan areas, and are increasingly being used outdoors and indoors for commercial, industrial, manufacturing and production process applications.  They are engineered to meet the most onerous duty requirements and are well-suited to operate in harsh environmental conditions, a situation which occurs frequently when the transformer needs to be installed close to the area where the power will ultimately be used, such as in down-hole mining or on drilling rigs.

We also offer a broad array of magnetically-driven solutions to ensure clean power and eliminate potential issues caused by harmonics and transients, including proprietary solutions that incorporate our patented technology through the use of power electronics.  Our power quality solutions are for use in industrial, commercial and institutional settings where sensitive automation equipment is being used and clean, efficient power is required.

Overview of Switchgear

There are many different classes of switchgear, a generic term that encompasses the finished assembly of a system of devices – including electrical disconnects, fuses and circuit breakers – whose general function is to distribute, control and monitor the flow of electrical energy, while isolating and protecting critical equipment such as transformers, motors and other electrically powered machinery.

Our principal product categories include low voltage electric power distribution panel boards, switchboards and switchgear manufactured at our facility in Southern California. This location specializes in quick-turn, manufactured-to-order circuit protection and control equipment, primarily serving electrical distributors in the region. In addition, it incorporates transformers manufactured at other Pioneer locations into specialty products, such as unit substations, and also serves to supply our Critical Power segment with several classes of switchgear used in its customer projects.

Critical Power Solutions Segment

Our Critical Power segment is engaged in designing, manufacturing, selling, commissioning and aftermarket service of onsite power generation and control equipment. Our systems are used to maintain reliable emergency standby power at facilities where it is either required or where the potential consequences of a  power outage make it necessary – such as at data centers, hospitals, communications facilities, factories, national retailers, military sites,  office complexes and other critical operations. In addition, our Critical Power business specializes in customized equipment and controls for complex primary power applications, enabling on-site users to parallel multiple power sources with the utility power grid, in combined heat, power and cooling applications, and for peak shaving and demand/load side management of electrical power.

Depending on the needs of our customers, we offer our solutions on a complete equipment package basis, or as a standalone equipment or service solution that addresses one or more requirements of an overall power project. We believe that our value proposition to customers is differentiated by our use of advanced communications and automated data collection technologies to provide a highly-sophisticated remote monitoring, automated control and reporting platform to our customers.

Power Generation Equipment

We provide our industrial and commercial customers with a variety of power generation equipment and fuel options which, depending on their needs and applications, can range from several kilowatts to 2 MW of output per engine generator, or “genset.” For higher output requirements, we excel in projects requiring multiple gensets in side-by-side arrangements that are paralleled for synchronous operation.

Our Critical Power business is the sole authorized distributor for Generac Power Systems’ line of Industrial Power equipment and parts in the states of Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska, and one of only 30 such distributors throughout North America. Outside of these three Midwestern states, we sell power generation equipment made by all major manufacturers, including Generac. In order to more competitively serve our customers, we regularly provide Pioneer-manufactured power distribution equipment to each project, including switchgear and transformers. We also offer niche solutions such as GenMax® – our proprietary harmonic suppression technology that resolves power reliability and genset capacity issues frequently encountered when new gensets are introduced to a system of existing ones and the make, models and power output of the gensets are different.

To fully meet the onsite power reliability needs of our customers, we realize a small portion of our revenue from the sale of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. UPS systems are used by data-intensive businesses to provide battery backup power to servers until the emergency backup genset(s) come online. Once the gensets are producing proper voltage and frequency, the UPS switches the load onto the gensets. For UPS system sales, we are an authorized dealer for GE and also represent APC, Eaton-Powerware and other manufacturers.

Switchgear

Our Critical Power segment designs and manufactures paralleling switchgear (PSG), automatic transfer switches (ATSs) and provides other necessary equipment to create a reliable and dependable power generation system.  The primary function of our PSG solutions is to reliably switch the power source to the load, protect and operate the power generation source(s), meter output and provide paralleling and load sharing capability between multiple on-site power sources and the utility grid. Our paralleling switchgear is an integral component to ensuring optimal power generation and electrical distribution system performance, both for primary and backup power installations. Installations requiring a PSG solution typically involve more complex and redundant power schemes, such as in data centers, hospitals, industrial facilities, remote locations not connected to the power grid and other sites where emergency backup power sources are a necessity to protect operations from the consequences of blackouts or brownouts. Our focus is on larger installations where a single genset is not sufficient or where multiple gensets may be required to provide system resilience. We believe that our PSG solutions represent a scalable, cost-effective and intelligent automation option through their embedded programming and logic to synchronize multiple on-site power sources, and the capability to operate them in concert with the utility feed(s).

Service

Power generation systems represent considerable investments that require proper maintenance and service in order to operate reliably during a time of emergency. Our power maintenance programs provide preventative maintenance, repair and support service for our customers’ power generation systems. To support our customers in managing their critical infrastructure, we maintain inventories of equipment and parts, a fleet of service vehicles and a staff of certified field service technicians in the Midwest and Florida. To complete our geographic coverage, we maintain a network of field service partners located in other regions, enabling us to provide a quick-response, 24/7 service capability that can effectively service any make and model of back-up power equipment in any city of the United States. Our field service organization services more than 5,000 generators owned by more than 1,000 customers located throughout the United States, including for multi-site, multi-state customers such as Target Corporation and Verizon Corporation.

We recognize discrete revenue streams from service contracts, installation and maintenance services, and we offer service contracts to all owners of power generation and related equipment, whether or not the equipment was originally sold by us. Our service agreements have terms ranging from one to five years in duration, provide us with a recurring revenue stream, and generally yield higher margins as compared to genset equipment sales and sales of our custom-engineered switchgear. These service contracts may also include remote monitoring services that allow owners to be informed of the condition and operations of their equipment at any time and from any place.

Remote Monitoring and Automated Control

We have dedicated considerable resources to developing and engineering our proprietary remote monitoring and automated control system for onsite power generation. We believe this system enables us to provide a technologically superior service program that benefits our customer from a cost and quality standpoint. In addition, we have developed specialized asset management and auditing tools to more efficiently and cost effectively provide our customers with detailed information about their onsite power systems.  We believe these tools provide us with an advantage over service companies that do not have these technologies, allowing us to complete for work more efficiently, maintain higher service levels and realize higher margins by using these tools.

Our monitoring and control system performs 24/7,  capturing and monitoring data from up to 100 critical points and functions on the genset,  PSG, ATS and UPS, from metering electrical output to emissions.  This data is displayed in continuously updated, fully customizable, easy-to-read web-based and other reports that provide a complete picture of our customers’ power generation system condition. By tracking and trending real-time performance indicators in combination with the ability to remotely test, start and stop onsite power systems, our network operations center is able to avert potential failures before they occur and immediately respond to emergency situations before a customer calls. Our monitoring and control system is instrumental to safeguarding that our servicing programs are being administered appropriately in order to optimize system reliability on behalf of our customers. In addition, because our system is completely scalable, we are able to monitor one to thousands of generators nationwide, a solution which is ideally-suited to service our national account customers.

Our customers use our monitoring and control system for access to our monitoring dashboard, to view generator performance in real-time, to receive alerts and notifications, track work orders and submit support requests. These capabilities have been combined with automated electronic audit and inventory reporting to form a comprehensive asset management program for our customers, enabling them to quickly and efficiently record, categorize and retrieve vital information about their power generation assets across their facilities. We believe the advantage of these reporting systems is that they help us and our customers to better protect their equipment, while increasing system reliability in times of need and reducing ongoing operating costs for service and repairs through preventative maintenance.

Business Strategy

We believe we have established a stable platform from which to develop and grow our business lines, revenues, net income and shareholder value. We intend to expand rapidly over the next several years through a two-pronged strategy. First, we are focused on internal growth through operating efficiencies, new product development, customer focus and our continued migration towards more highly-engineered products and specialized services. We intend to significantly increase the percentage of our sales derived from engineered-to-order products and differentiated services and believe this can be accomplished by targeting market segments, such as data centers and independent power producers, which have growth characteristics exceeding the norm in our industry. The second element of our growth strategy is to pursue strategic acquisitions that provide us with complementary product and service offerings, new sales channels, end-markets and scalable operations.

Over the last five years, through internal development and acquisitions, we believe we have broadened the array and sophistication of our product and service offerings.  Our strategy is to continue to expand the portfolio of solutions we offer in order to address more elements of every electrical infrastructure project. We believe this approach makes us more relevant to our customers, allows us to compete more effectively and increases the number of sales opportunities we get to compete for.

We intend to build our revenue and net income at rates exceeding industry norms through internal growth initiatives and complementary acquisitions. Accomplishing these financial goals will be dependent on a number of factors including our ability to execute the following strategies and actions:

T&D Solutions Segment

We intend to accomplish our growth objectives within our T&D Solutions business by emphasizing our capabilities in the following areas:

Critical Power Solutions Segment

Within our Critical Power Solutions business, we intend to accomplish our growth objectives by implementing the following business initiatives:

Acquisitions

We believe a disciplined acquisition program is a key component to accelerating our growth and we intend to acquire businesses that broaden the range of customer solutions we provide, increase our market share or expand our geographic reach. In addition to switchgear and transformer manufacturers, we also intend to acquire manufacturing and service businesses focused on other technically-advanced, customized, ancillary or complementary products that address market segments where we seek further penetration ‒ such as in data centers, backup power equipment and service, traction power, renewable energy and natural resources. We operate in a highly fragmented industry that is served by a few global diversified electrical equipment manufacturers and numerous small manufacturing companies that provide niche products and services to various sub-segments of the power transmission and distribution market. We favor candidates that have competencies and business characteristics similar to our own, and those that we expect will benefit from some of the major trends affecting our industry. Our acquisitions since 2010 of Jefferson Electric, Inc., Bemag Transformer Inc., Power Systems Solutions, Inc., Pico Electrical Equipment, Inc., Titan Energy Worldwide, Inc. Harmonics Limited and Pacific Power Systems, Inc. are examples of the implementation of our acquisition strategy.

Our Industry

The market for our largest business segment, electrical T&D equipment, is substantial and has grown over the last several decades. According to a February 2015 study by The Freedonia Group, a market research firm, total U.S. demand for electric T&D equipment was $25.5 billion in 2014 and was distributed by product category as follows: switchgear (54%), transformers (33%), meters (7%) and pole/transmission line hardware (6%). The Freedonia Group forecasts demand for switchgear and for transformers to climb 6.1%  and 4.5% annually to $28.9 billion collectively in 2019,  as compared to 5.5% and 2.0% annual growth for these categories between 2009 and 2014, driven by rising utilization of renewable energy sources and increasing demand from the industrial and non-utility generator markets.

Most of our business today consists of manufacturing power, distribution and non-utility transformers, although we have become increasingly engaged in producing conventional and certain specialty categories of electrical switchgear. Utilities, industrial and commercial firms purchase transformers to replace old equipment, maintain system reliability, achieve efficiency improvements and for substation or grid expansion. Demand is also sensitive to overall economic conditions, particularly with respect to the level of industrial production and investment in commercial and residential construction. Other market demand factors include voltage conversion, voltage unit upgrades, electrical equipment failures, higher energy costs, stricter environmental regulations and investment in sources of renewable and distributed energy generation.

The market for switchgear and related equipment is significantly larger and more complex given the number and classes of solutions available. Within our Critical Power Solutions segment, we believe that our PSG and ATS switchgear offerings,  together with our service programs for power generation and ancillary equipment, addresses annual U.S. demand exceeding  $2.0 billion and is growing at a much higher segment rate than the market for general T&D equipment.  The market for on-site power generation equipment itself is substantially larger, representing worldwide annual demand of $16 billion according to estimates cited by Generac Holdings Inc.

We believe several of the key industry trends supporting future growth in our industry are as follows:

The market for T&D equipment and Critical Power solutions is very fragmented due to the range of equipment types, electrical and mechanical properties, technological standards and service parameters required by different categories of end users for their specific applications. Many orders are custom-engineered and tend to be time-sensitive since other critical work is frequently being coordinated around the customer’s electrical equipment installation. The vast majority of North American demand for the types of solutions we provide is satisfied by thousands of producers and service companies in the U.S. and Canada.

Customers

For the year ended December 31, 2015 approximately 35% of our sales were to Canadian customers, including many of Canada’s electrical utilities, municipal power systems, large industrial companies, engineering and construction firms and a number of electrical distributors. Another 64% of our sales in 2015 were to U.S. customers, represented in large part by companies involved in commercial construction. The remaining 1% of our sales were to export customers primarily serving the Central and Latin American markets. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we sold our electrical equipment and services to over 3,200 individual customers and our twenty largest customers represented approximately 51% of our consolidated revenue.

Approximately 9% and 13% of our sales in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were made to Hydro-Quebec Utility Company, a provincial government-owned utility in the Province of Quebec, Canada. The majority of our sales to Hydro-Quebec Utility Company are made pursuant to a long-term contract for the supply of pad-mount and submersible transformers that was renewed in February 2015.  The contract has two-year initial term and a one-year renewal option at Hydro-Quebec Utility Company’s election that provide for a maximum term of three years. The contracts set forth the terms, conditions and rights of the parties with respect to the supply of the subject products including ordering and delivery procedures, required technical specifications, minimum performance standards, product pricing and price adjustment mechanisms, terms of payment and rights of termination. The contracts do not require Hydro-Quebec Utility Company to order any minimum quantity of products from us and do not grant us any form of supply exclusivity. Hydro-Quebec Utility Company has been a customer of ours and our predecessors for in excess of 45 years, over which time we have been party to consecutive long-term contracts for an uninterrupted period spanning several decades. We believe the status of our business relationship with Hydro-Quebec Utility Company to be good.

In addition, Siemens Industry, Inc. and its affiliated companies accounted for 10% of our consolidated sales in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Our pricing agreement with Siemens Industry, Inc. does not obligate Siemens Industry, Inc. to purchase transformers from us in quantities consistent with the past or at all. While the loss of a significant number of customers would have a material adverse effect on our business, aside from Hydro-Quebec Utility Company and Siemens Industry, Inc., we do not believe that the loss of any specific customer would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

A substantial portion of the transformers manufactured by us, and most of the switchgear products we offer, are sold directly to customers by our 37 full-time marketing and sales personnel and 6 members of our executive management team operating from our office locations in the U.S. and Canada. Our products are also sold through our network of more than 58 independent sales agencies throughout North America that sell primarily to full-line electrical distributors and to maintenance, repair and overhaul organizations. Our direct sales force markets to end users and to third parties, such as original equipment manufacturers and engineering firms that prescribe the specifications and parameters that control the applications of our products.

Sales Backlog

Backlog reflects the amount of revenue we expect to realize upon the shipment of customer orders for our products that are not yet complete or for which work has not yet begun. Our sales backlog as of December 31, 2015 was approximately $28.7 million, as compared to $36.0 million as of December 31, 2014. We anticipate that most of our current backlog will be delivered during 2016. Orders included in our sales backlog are represented by customer purchase orders and contracts that we believe to be firm.

Competition

We experience intense competition from a large number of electrical equipment manufacturers and from distributors and servicers of such equipment. The number and size of our competitors varies considerably by product line and service category, with many of our competitors tending to be small, highly specialized or focused on a certain geographic market area or customer. However, several of our competitors have substantially greater financial and technical resources than us, including some of the world’s largest electrical products and industrial equipment manufacturing companies. A representative list of our competitors in our T&D Solutions segment includes ABB Ltd., Carte International, Inc., Eaton Corporation plc, General Electric Company, Schneider Electric SA, Hammond Power Solutions Inc., Howard Industries, Inc. and Partner Technologies, Inc. In the sale of onsite power systems and service, our Critical Power Solutions segment competes with larger, more established regional companies that represent Caterpillar, Cummins, Kohler and other generator manufacturers, as well as with providers of switchgear including Emerson Electric Company, GE Zenith, IEM Power Systems, Inc., Regal Beloit Corporation and Russelectric Inc.

We believe that we compete primarily on the basis of technical support and application expertise, engineering, manufacturing and service capabilities, equipment rating, quality, scheduling and price. In all our businesses, our objective is to focus our efforts on more specialized, challenging and complex applications. Accordingly, a critical element to the success of our business is responsiveness and flexibility in providing custom-engineered solutions to satisfy customer needs. We believe that our strongest product niches are in the manufacture and design of small power and distribution electrical transformers, custom-manufactured panel board and switchboard products and in paralleling switchgear solutions for on-site power applications serving data centers, hospitals and other businesses with critical power needs. As a result of our long-time presence in the industry, we possess a number of special designs and libraries of programming code for our equipment that were engineered and developed specifically for our customers. We believe these factors give us a competitive advantage and that they are a major contributor to our frequency of repeat customer orders and the longevity of our customer relationships.

Raw Materials and Suppliers

The principal raw materials purchased by us are core steel, copper wire, aluminum strip, insulating materials including transformer oil and sheet metal. We also purchase certain electrical components from a variety of suppliers including bushings, switches, fuses, protectors and circuit breakers. These raw materials and components are available from and supplied by numerous sources at competitive prices, although there are more limited sources of supply for electrical core steel and transformer oil. Unanticipated increases in raw material prices or disruptions in supply could increase production costs and adversely affect our profitability. We attempt to minimize the effect on our profit margins of unanticipated changes in the prices of raw materials by including index clauses in our customer contracts that allow us to increase or reduce our prices if the costs of raw materials unexpectedly rise or decrease. Approximately 27% of our annual sales are made pursuant to contracts that contain such index clauses, which, subject to various formulae and limitations, permit us to adjust the final prices we charge. We do not anticipate any significant difficulty in satisfying our raw material requirements on reasonable terms and have not experienced any such difficulty in the past several years. Our largest suppliers during the year ended December 31, 2015 included Essex Group, Inc., National Material L.P., Three D Metals Canada Inc., Metelec Ltée and Rea Magnet Wire Co. Inc.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had 449 employees consisting of 149 salaried staff and 300 hourly workers. Our hourly employees located at our plant in Farnham, Quebec, Canada are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with a provincial labor union that expires in March 2017. Our hourly employees located at our plant in Granby, Quebec, Canada are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the United Steel Workers of America Local 9414 that expires in May 2020. The hourly employees located at our manufacturing facility in Reynosa, Mexico are also covered by a collective bargaining agreement with a local labor union that has an indefinite term, subject to annual review and negotiation of key provisions. In addition, certain of our hourly employees located at our manufacturing facility in Santa Fe Springs, California are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Local Union 1710 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO with an initial term ended in February 2016, with automatic one year renewals thereafter unless terminated earlier by either party for review and negotiation of key provisions.  In April 2016, we will begin negotiations on a new labor agreement that will be retroactive to February 2016. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Environmental

We are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other areas, air emissions, discharges into waterways and the generation, handling, storing, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials. These laws and regulations are constantly changing and it is impossible to predict with accuracy the effect they may have on us in the future. Like many other industrial enterprises, our manufacturing operations entail the risk of noncompliance, which may result in fines, penalties and remediation costs, and there can be no assurance that such costs will be insignificant. To our knowledge, we are in substantial compliance with all federal, state, provincial and local environmental protection provisions, and believe that the future compliance cost should not have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, net income or competitive position. However, legal and regulatory requirements in these areas have been increasing and there can be no assurance that significant costs and liabilities will not be incurred in the future due to regulatory noncompliance.

Corporate History

We were originally formed in the State of Nevada in 2008. On November 30, 2009, we merged with and into Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for the sole purpose of changing our state of incorporation from Nevada to Delaware and changing our name to “Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc.” On September 24, 2013, we completed an underwritten public offering and our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol PPSI.

Legal Proceedings

We are not presently a party to any material legal proceedings nor are we aware of any such threatened or pending litigation.

Available Information

Our corporate website is located at www.pioneerpowersolutions.com. On the investor relations section of our website, we make available, free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with or furnish them to the SEC. You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

We webcast our earnings calls and certain events we participate in with members of the investment community on our investor relations website. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events and press and earnings releases as part of the investor relations section of our website. Further corporate governance materials, including our Corporate Governance Guidelines, charters of our Board Committees and our Code of Business Ethics and Conduct, are also available under the heading “Corporate Governance” on the investor relations portion of our website. The contents of and the information on or accessible through our corporate website, including the investor relations portion of our website, is not a part of, and is not intended to be incorporated into, this report or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC, and any references to our website are intended to be an inactive textual references only.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before investing in our common stock you should carefully consider the following risks, together with the financial and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and our other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of may become important factors that affect us. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial conditions and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock may decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We are vulnerable to economic downturns in the commercial construction market, which may reduce the demand for some of our products and adversely affect our sales, net income, cash flow or financial condition.

A large portion of our business involves sales of our products in connection with commercial and industrial construction. Our sales to this sector are affected by the level of discretionary business spending. During economic downturns in this sector, the level of business discretionary spending may decrease. This decrease in spending will likely reduce the demand for some of our products and may adversely affect our sales, net income, cash flow or financial condition.

The commercial and industrial building and maintenance sectors began to experience a significant decline in 2008. The downturn in these segments contributed to a decline in the demand for our T&D Solutions, particularly our standard distribution transformers and general purpose switchgear products, as well as a decline in demand for power generation equipment distributed by our Critical Power Solutions reporting unit. We cannot predict the timing, duration or severity of another such downturn in these segments which may adversely impact sales, net income and cash flow.

Our operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, which makes our operating results difficult to predict and can cause our operating results in any particular period to be less than comparable quarters and expectations from time to time.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control and have the potential to materially and adversely affect our results. Factors that affect our operating results include the following:

Accordingly, our operating results in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the results that you can expect for any other quarter or for an entire year.

Our industry is highly competitive.

The electrical equipment manufacturing industry is highly competitive. Principal competitors in our markets include ABB Ltd., Carte International, Inc., Eaton Corporation plc, Emerson Electric Company, General Electric Company, Hammond Power Solutions Inc., Howard Industries, Inc., Partner Technologies, Inc., Russelectric, Inc. and Schneider Electric SA. Many of these competitors, as well as other companies in the broader electrical equipment manufacturing and service industry where we expect to compete, are significantly larger and have substantially greater resources than we do and are able to achieve greater economies of scale and lower cost structures than us and may, therefore, be able to provide their products and services to customers at lower prices than we are able to. Moreover, our competitors could develop the expertise, experience and resources to offer products that are superior in both price and quality to our products. While we seek to compete by providing more customized, highly-engineered products, there are few technical or other barriers to prevent much larger companies in our industry from putting more emphasis on this same strategy. Similarly, we cannot be certain that we will be able to market our business effectively in the face of competition or to maintain or enhance our competitive position within our industry, maintain our customer base at current levels or increase our customer base. Our inability to manage our business in light of the competitive forces we face could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Because we currently derive a significant portion of our revenues from two customers, any decrease in orders from these customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We depend on Hydro-Quebec Utility Company and Siemens Industry, Inc. for a large portion of our business, and any change in the level of orders from Hydro-Quebec Utility Company or Siemens Industry, Inc., has, in the past, had a significant impact on our results of operations. In particular, Hydro-Quebec Utility Company represented approximately 9% and 13% of our net sales in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, Siemens Industry, Inc. accounted for 10% of our net sales in the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Our long term supply agreement with Hydro-Quebec Utility Company has an initial term expiring in February 2017, and a one-year extension option at Hydro-Quebec Utility Company’s election. We therefore cannot assure you that Hydro-Quebec Utility Company will continue to purchase transformers from us in quantities consistent with the past or at all. In addition, our pricing agreement with Siemens Industry, Inc. does not obligate Siemens Industry, Inc. to purchase transformers from us in quantities consistent with the past or at all. If either of these customers was to significantly cancel, delay or reduce the amount of business it does with us for any reason, there would be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

The departure or loss of key personnel could disrupt our business.

We depend heavily on the continued efforts of Nathan J. Mazurek, our principal executive officer, and on other senior officers who are responsible for the day-to-day management of our five operating subsidiaries. In addition, we rely on our current electrical and mechanical design engineers, along with trained coil winders, many of whom are important to our operations and would be difficult to replace. We cannot be certain that any of these individuals will continue in their respective capacities for any particular period of time. The departure or loss of key personnel, or the inability to hire and retain qualified employees, could negatively impact our ability to manage our business.

Any acquisitions that we have completed, or may complete in the future, may not perform as planned and could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operations.

In an effort to effectively compete in the specialty electrical equipment manufacturing and service businesses, where increasing competition and industry consolidation prevail, we have sought to acquire complementary businesses in the past and will continue to do so in the future. In the event of any future acquisitions, we could:

These events could result in significant expenses and decreased revenue, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, integrating product and service acquisitions and completing any future acquisitions involve numerous operational and financial risks. These risks include difficulty in assimilating acquired operations, diversion of management’s attention, and the potential loss of key employees or customers of acquired operations. Furthermore, companies acquired by us may not generate financial results consistent with our management’s plans at the time of acquisition.

For example, in mid-2010 we acquired substantially all the assets and the capital stock of a company to form Pioneer Wind Energy Systems Inc., a business that sought to provide project integration solutions, including equipment sales, procurement, after-sales services and financing to community wind and industrial customers. In September 2011, following weak domestic wind energy market conditions, combined with our inability to effectively redesign this business’ operating model, we decided to discontinue this business. On a cumulative basis, from formation through to the discontinuation of Pioneer Wind Energy Systems Inc., our results from operations were impacted by a cumulative net loss of $3.0 million.

Also, in July 2011, we acquired all the capital stock of Bemag Transformer Inc., a Quebec-based manufacturer of low and medium voltage dry-type transformers and custom magnetics.  During the fourth quarter and year ended December 2014, the Bemag reporting unit had lower sales and cash flows than previously projected and its business outlook turned significantly more challenging during the fourth quarter.  As a result, the reporting unit recognized $1.4 million in non-cash charges for goodwill and intangible asset impairments that were driven primarily by a downturn in Canada’s natural resource sector and expected future capital spending on products manufactured by the reporting unit. This downturn accelerated dramatically during the fourth quarter of 2014 as measured by the price of oil, and a devaluation of the Canadian dollar, the latter of which directly resulted in higher costs for the reporting unit’s key raw material inputs. These developments in the fourth quarter of 2014, coupled with increased competition and higher bad debt expense related to customer insolvencies, also followed a $3.0 million investment by us to expand the reporting unit’s facilities and production capacity which was completed in 2013. Accordingly, we revised our outlook and valuation of the reporting unit, and the consequential impairment charges reflect an updated forecast that assumes a slower rate of revenue growth and lower near-term profit margins than anticipated at the time the reporting unit was acquired in 2011. Additionally, in August 2015, it was decided to consolidate the low voltage manufacturing of Bemag into the Jefferson facility in Reynosa Mexico. As a result, the reporting unit recognized charges of $4.4 million in fiscal year 2015, primarily for the write-down of fixed assets, intangible assets and inventory.

We may not be able to expand our business through strategic acquisitions, and internal growth initiatives facilitated by acquisitions, which could decrease our profitability.

A key element of our strategy is to pursue strategic acquisitions that either expand or complement our business in order to increase revenue and net income. We may not be able to identify additional attractive acquisition candidates on terms favorable to us or in a timely manner. We may require additional debt or equity financing for future acquisitions, which may not be available on terms favorable to us, if at all. Moreover, we may not be able to integrate any acquired businesses into our business or to operate any acquired businesses profitably. Recently acquired businesses may operate at lower profit margins, which could negatively impact our results of operations. Each of these factors may contribute to our inability to grow our business through strategic acquisitions, which could ultimately result in increased costs without a corresponding contemporary increase in revenues, which would result in decreased profitability.

For example, our switchgear reporting unit, which was established through an acquisition in August 2013, generated an operating loss of approximately $1.2 million during the year ended December 2014. In addition, our strategic sales group, initiated in March 2013 to market the full breadth of our company-wide solutions to increase our penetration of certain sales channels and end markets, generated an operating loss of $0.7 million during the year ended December 2014. While we believe these operations are instrumental to enhancing our long-term revenue and net income growth, there can be no assurance that they will scale to profitability in the timeframes anticipated by us or at all.

If we do not conduct an adequate due diligence investigation of a target business that we acquire, we may be required subsequently to take write downs or write-offs, restructuring, and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and our stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

As part of our acquisition strategy, we will need to conduct a due diligence investigation of one or more target businesses. Intensive due diligence is time consuming and expensive due to the operations, accounting, finance and legal professionals who must be involved in the due diligence process. We may have limited time to conduct such due diligence. Even if we conduct extensive due diligence on a target business that we acquire, we cannot assure you that this diligence will uncover all material issues relating to a particular target business, or that factors outside of the target business and outside of our control will not later arise. If our diligence fails to identify issues specific to a target business or the environment in which the target business operates, we may be forced to write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in us reporting losses. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our common stock. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants that we may be subject to as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by a target business or by virtue of our obtaining post-combination debt financing.

Our revenue may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

Approximately one-third of our 2016 revenue and a significant portion of our expenditures are expected to be derived or spent in Canadian dollars. However, we report our financial condition and results of operations in U.S. dollars. As a result, fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar will impact the amount of our revenues and net income. For example, if the Canadian dollar appreciates relative to the U.S. dollar, the fluctuation will result in a positive impact on the revenues that we report. However, if the Canadian dollar depreciates relative to the U.S. dollar, which was the case during 2014 and 2015, there will be a negative impact on the revenues we report due to such fluctuation. It is possible that the impact of currency fluctuations will result in a decrease in reported consolidated sales even though we may have experienced an increase in sales transacted in the Canadian dollar. Conversely, the impact of currency fluctuations may result in an increase in reported consolidated sales despite declining sales transacted in the Canadian dollar. The exchange rate from the U.S. dollar to the Canadian dollar has fluctuated substantially in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Though we may choose to hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes in the future, there is no guarantee such hedging, if undertaken, will be successful.

We may be unable to generate internal growth.

Our ability to generate internal growth will be affected by, among other factors, our ability to attract new customers, increases or decreases in the number or size of orders received from existing customers, hiring and retaining skilled employees and increasing volume utilizing our existing facilities. Many of the factors affecting our ability to generate internal growth may be beyond our control, and we cannot be certain that our strategies will be implemented with positive results or that we will be able to generate cash flow sufficient to fund our operations and to support internal growth. If we do not achieve internal growth, our results of operations will suffer and we will likely not be able to expand our operations or grow our business.

Fluctuations in the price and supply of raw materials used to manufacture our products may reduce our profits.

Our raw material costs represented approximately 59% and 60% of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The principal raw materials purchased by us are electrical core steel, copper wire, aluminum strip and insulating materials including transformer oil. We also purchase certain electrical components from a variety of suppliers including bushings, switches, fuses and protectors. These raw materials and components are available from, and supplied by, numerous sources at competitive prices, although there are more limited sources of supply for electrical core steel and transformer oil. Unanticipated increases in raw material prices or disruptions in supply could increase production costs and adversely affect our profitability. We cannot provide any assurances that we will not experience difficulties sourcing our raw materials in the future.

Our Critical Power Solutions segment, through our wholly-owned subsidiary Titan Energy Systems Inc., currently derives a significant portion of its revenues pursuant to a distributor agreement with Generac Power Systems Inc.; a termination or expiration of our distributor agreement with Generac Power Systems Inc., or any reduction in market acceptance of products sold by us pursuant to the distributor agreement could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.

Under the terms of our distributor agreement with Generac Power Systems Inc., we are responsible for marketing, distributing and servicing the Generac Industrial Power line of products in the states Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska. Our agreement has an initial term expiring on March 31, 2018, and automatically expires unless extended by Generac, with 90 days’ prior notice, for at least an additional one-year (1) periods. Approximately 60% of Titan’s business involves the sale of Generac Industrial Power products. As such, Titan’s business is dependent on market acceptance of Generac products. We believe that Generac has a solid reputation as a manufacturer, with excellent brand recognition and customer support and a growing market share in many of the markets it serves. However, there can be no assurance that Generac will be able to maintain its reputation and grow its market position in the future. If Generac is unsuccessful in developing and enhancing its product lines to meet evolving and sophisticated customer needs, is unable to maintain the quality of its products, or if it is unable to provide its products at competitive prices, the market acceptance for Generac products may deteriorate over time. Any resulting decrease in the demand for Generac products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and future prospects.

We are also dependent on Generac for the timely supply of parts and equipment to fulfill its deliveries to our customers and meet the requirements of our service maintenance contracts. From time to time, during periods of intense demand, Generac finds it necessary to allocate its supply of particular products among its dealers. Such allocations of supply have not, in the past, proven to be a significant impediment to us in conducting our business. However, there can be no assurance that Generac will continue to supply its products in the quantities and timeframes required by our customers.  While delays in the availability of product supply in sufficient quantities may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, historically this has not been an issue for us.

Our Bemag Transformer business unit currently derives a significant portion of its revenues from three electrical distributor groups; any decrease in orders from these distributors could have an adverse effect on Bemag Transformer Inc.’s financial condition and operating results.

Bemag Transformer Inc. depends on three electrical distributor groups for a large portion of its business, and any change in the level of orders from these distributors, has, in the past, had a significant impact on Bemag Transformer Inc.’s results of operations. Collectively, purchases from these distributor groups represented approximately 55% of Bemag Transformer Inc.’s sales in the year ended December 31, 2015 and approximately 6% of our sales on a consolidated basis. We expect aggregate sales to these distributor groups to continue to represent less than 10% of our consolidated sales in 2016. Our Bemag Transformer Inc. subsidiary has pricing and rebate agreements with these distributor groups that are negotiated annually and, if the pricing and rebate agreements are modified or not renewed in future periods or are less favorable than those offered by competitors, we cannot assure you that these distributor groups will continue to purchase transformers from us in quantities consistent with the past or at all. If any of these distributor groups were to influence our customers to cancel, significantly delay or reduce the amount of business they do with Bemag Transformer Inc., there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Moreover, although Bemag Transformer Inc. has agreements for the sale of its products through these three distributor groups, these agreements do not obligate the groups to distribute transformers from Bemag Transformer Inc. in quantities consistent with the past or at all. If any of these distributor groups were to become insolvent, our business, financial condition and operating results could also be materially adversely affected.

We have, and expect to continue to have, credit facilities with restrictive loan covenants that may impact our ability to operate our business and to pursue our business strategies, and our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an acceleration of our indebtedness.

We will continue to rely on our credit facilities with Bank of Montreal for a significant portion of the working capital to operate our business and execute our strategy. These credit facilities contain certain covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things:

The majority of the liquidity derived from our credit facilities is based on availability determined by a borrowing base. Specifically, the availability of credit is dependent upon eligible receivables, inventory and certain liens. We may not be able to maintain adequate levels of eligible assets to support our required liquidity.

In addition, our credit facilities require us to meet certain financial ratios, including working capital ratios, EBITDA levels and effective tangible net worth levels. Our ability to meet these financial provisions may be affected by events beyond our control. If, as or when required, we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness under, or amend the covenants contained in, our credit facilities, our lenders could institute foreclosure proceedings against the assets securing borrowings under those facilities, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The indebtedness under our credit facilities with Bank of Montreal is secured by substantially all of our consolidated assets. As a result of these security interests, such assets would only be available to satisfy claims of our general creditors or to holders of our equity securities if we were to become insolvent to the extent the value of such assets exceeded the amount of our indebtedness and other obligations. In addition, the existence of these security interests may adversely affect our financial flexibility.

Indebtedness under our credit facilities with Bank of Montreal is secured by a lien on substantially all of our assets. Accordingly, if an event of default were to occur under our credit facilities, Bank of Montreal would have a prior right to our assets, to the exclusion of our general creditors in the event of our bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, or reorganization. In that event, our assets would first be used to repay in full all indebtedness and other obligations secured by them (including all amounts outstanding under our senior secured credit agreement), resulting in all or a portion of our assets being unavailable to satisfy the claims of our unsecured indebtedness. Only after satisfying the claims of our unsecured creditors and our subsidiaries’ unsecured creditors is any amount available for our equity holders. The pledge of these assets and other restrictions may limit our flexibility in raising capital for other purposes. Because substantially all of our assets are pledged under these financing arrangements, our ability to incur additional secured indebtedness or to sell or dispose of assets to raise capital may be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on our financial flexibility.

We depend upon the availability of capital under our revolving credit facilities and term loans with Bank of Montreal to finance our operations. Any additional financing that we have requested from Bank of Montreal may not be available on favorable terms or at all.

In addition to cash flow provided by operations, we finance our working capital and general corporate needs through our Canadian Facilities and U.S. Facilities with the Bank of Montreal. These credit facilities contain restrictive and financial covenants which, as of September 30, 2015, we were not in compliance with. On November 18, 2015 we secured a waiver of financial covenants from the Bank of Montreal to suspend testing of the existing financial covenants and received certain modifications to these credit facilities in order to further increase our borrowing capacity and improve our liquidity. On March 28, 2016 we executed a committed term sheet for a formal extension of our credit facilities from the Bank for Montreal to July 31, 2017. A formal amendment of the credit agreement is expected to be executed during the second quarter of 2016, with terms that will be consistent with those agreed upon in the committed term sheet. With the execution of the amendment to the credit agreement, portions of the credit facilities will be classified as long term indebtedness. This committed term sheet contains revised covenants and funding amounts that finance our cash requirements for anticipated operating activities, restructuring and integration plans, capital improvements and scheduled principal repayments of long-term debt.

We may not be able to fully realize the revenue value reported in our backlog.

We routinely have a backlog of work to be completed on contracts representing a significant portion of our annual sales. As of December 31, 2015, our order backlog was $28.7 million. Orders included in our backlog are represented by customer purchase orders and service contracts that we believe to be firm. Backlog develops as a result of new business taken, which represents the revenue value of new customer orders received by us during a given period. Backlog consists of customer orders that either (1) have not yet been started or (2) are in progress and are not yet completed. In the latter case, the revenue value reported in backlog is the remaining value associated with work that has not yet been completed. From time to time, customer orders are canceled that appeared to have a high certainty of going forward at the time they were recorded as new business taken. In the event of a customer order cancellation, we may be reimbursed for certain costs but typically have no contractual right to the total revenue reflected in our backlog. In addition to us being unable to recover certain direct costs, canceled customer orders may also result in additional unrecoverable costs due to the resulting underutilization of our assets.

We are subject to pricing pressure from our larger customers.

We face significant pricing pressures in all of our business segments from our larger customers, including Hydro-Quebec Utility Company and Siemens Industry, Inc. Because of their purchasing size, our larger customers can influence market participants to compete on price terms. Such customers also use their buying power to negotiate lower prices. If we are not able to offset pricing reductions resulting from these pressures by improved operating efficiencies and reduced expenditures, those price reductions may have an adverse impact on our financial results.

Deterioration in the credit quality of several major customers could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

A significant asset included in our working capital is accounts receivable from customers. If customers responsible for a significant amount of accounts receivable become insolvent or are otherwise unable to pay for products and services, or become unwilling or unable to make payments in a timely manner, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. A significant deterioration in the economy could have an adverse effect on the servicing of these accounts receivable, which could result in longer payment cycles, increased collection costs and defaults in excess of management’s expectations. Deterioration in the credit quality of Hydro-Quebec Utility Company, Siemens Industry, Inc. or of any other major customers could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

We rely on third parties for key elements of our business whose operations are outside our control.

We rely on arrangements with third party shippers and carriers such as independent shipping companies for timely delivery of our products to our customers. As a result, we may be subject to carrier disruptions and increased costs due to factors that are beyond our control, including labor strikes, inclement weather, natural disasters and rapidly increasing fuel costs. If the services of any of these third parties become unsatisfactory, we may experience delays in meeting our customers’ product demands and we may not be able to find a suitable replacement on a timely basis or on commercially reasonable terms. Any failure to deliver products to our customers in a timely and accurate manner may damage our reputation and could cause us to lose customers.

We also utilize third party distributors and manufacturer’s representatives to sell, install and service certain of our products. While we are selective in whom we choose to represent us, it is difficult for us to ensure that our distributors and manufacturer’s representatives consistently act in accordance with the standards we set for them. To the extent any of our end-customers have negative experiences with any of our distributors or manufacturer’s representatives, it could reflect poorly on us and damage our reputation, thereby negatively impacting our financial results.

We may face impairment charges if economic environments in which our business operates and key economic and business assumptions substantially change.

Assessment of the potential impairment of property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets is an integral part of our normal ongoing review of operations. Testing for potential impairment of long-lived assets is dependent on numerous assumptions and reflects our best estimates at a particular point in time, which may vary from testing date to testing date. The economic environments in which our businesses operate and key economic and business assumptions with respect to projected product selling prices and materials costs, market growth and inflation rates, can significantly affect the outcome of impairment tests. Estimates based on these assumptions may differ significantly from actual results. Changes in factors and assumptions used in assessing potential impairments can have a significant impact on the existence and magnitude of impairments, as well as the time at which such impairments are recognized. Future changes in the economic environment and the economic outlook for the assets being evaluated could also result in additional impairment charges. Any significant asset impairments would adversely impact our financial results.

Our business requires skilled labor, and we may be unable to attract and retain qualified employees.

Our ability to maintain our productivity and profitability will be limited by our ability to employ, train and retain skilled personnel necessary to meet our requirements. We may experience shortages of qualified personnel. We cannot be certain that we will be able to maintain an adequate skilled labor force necessary to operate efficiently and to support our growth strategy or that our labor expenses will not increase as a result of a shortage in the supply of skilled personnel. Labor shortages, increased labor costs or loss of our most skilled workers could impair our ability to deliver on time to our customers (thereby creating a risk that we lose our customers to competition) and would inhibit our ability to maintain our business or grow our revenues, and may adversely impact our profitability.

Our business operations are dependent upon our ability to engage in successful collective bargaining with our unionized workforce.

If we are unable to renew our collective bargaining agreements, or if additional segments of our workforce become unionized, we may be subject to work interruptions or stoppages. Strikes or labor disputes with our employees may adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

Deploying a new enterprise resource planning system could interfere with our business or operations and could adversely impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We are in the process of deploying a new enterprise resource planning, or ERP, system. This project requires significant investment of capital and human resources, the re-engineering of many processes of our business and the attention of many employees who would otherwise be focused on other aspects of our business. Any disruptions, delays or deficiencies in the design and integration of the new ERP system could result in potentially much higher costs than we had anticipated and could adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize products, provide services, fulfill contractual obligations, file reports with the Securities Exchange Commission in a timely manner and/or otherwise operate our business, or otherwise impact our controls environment. Any of these consequences could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to the risks of owning real property.

We own real property, including the land and buildings at two of our manufacturing locations. The ownership of real property subjects us to risks, including: the possibility of environmental contamination and the costs associated with fixing any environmental problems and the risk of damages resulting from such contamination; adverse changes in the value of the property due to interest rate changes, changes in the neighborhood in which the property is located or other factors; ongoing maintenance expenses and costs of improvements; the possible need for structural improvements in order to comply with zoning, seismic, disability act or other requirements; and possible disputes with neighboring owners or others.

Our risk management activities may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks.

Although we maintain insurance policies for our business, these policies contain deductibles and limits of coverage. We estimate our liabilities for known claims and unpaid claims and expenses based on information available as well as projections for claims incurred but not reported. However, insurance liabilities are difficult to estimate due to various factors and we may be unable to effectively anticipate or measure potential risks to our company. If we suffer unexpected or uncovered losses, any of our insurance policies or programs are terminated for any reason or are not effective in mitigating our risks, we may incur losses that are not covered by our insurance policies or that exceed our accruals or that exceed our coverage limits and could adversely impact our consolidated results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Regulatory, environmental, monetary and other governmental policies could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.

We are subject to international, federal, provincial, state and local laws and regulations governing environmental matters, including emissions to air, discharge to waters and the generation and handling of waste. We are also subject to laws relating to occupational health and safety. The operation of manufacturing plants involves a high level of susceptibility in these areas, and there is no assurance that we will not incur material environmental or occupational health and safety liabilities in the future. Moreover, expectations of remediation expenses could be affected by, and potentially significant expenditures could be required to comply with, environmental regulations and health and safety laws that may be adopted or imposed in the future. Future remediation technology advances could adversely impact expectations of remediation expenses.

Future litigation could impact our financial results and condition.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be affected by significant future litigation or claims adverse to us. Types of potential litigation cases include product liability, contract, employment-related, labor relations, personal injury or property damage, intellectual property, stockholder claims and claims arising from any injury or damage to persons, property or the environment from hazardous substances used, generated or disposed of in the conduct of our business.

Our international operations subject us to additional risks, which risks and costs may differ in each country in which we do business and may cause our profitability to decline.

Most of our products are manufactured at our facilities in Canada and Mexico, and we depend on a number of suppliers for raw materials and component parts that are located outside of the U.S., including Asia and Western Europe. We generate a significant portion of our revenue from our operations in Canada and currently derive most of our revenue in the U.S. from products we manufacture in Mexico and source internationally. Our international operations are subject to a variety of risks that we do not face in the U.S., and that we may face only to a limited degree in Canada, including:

We may be unable to maintain policies and strategies that will be effective in managing these risks in each country where we do business. Our failure to manage these risks could cause us to fail to reap our investments in these markets and could harm our international operations, reduce our international sales and increase our costs, thus adversely affecting our international and overall business, financial condition and operating results.

Market disruptions caused by domestic or international financial crises could affect our ability to meet our liquidity needs at a reasonable cost and our ability to meet long-term commitments, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on credit facilities with our lenders, amongst other avenues, to satisfy our liquidity needs. Disruptions in the domestic or international credit markets or deterioration of the banking industry’s financial condition (such as occurred beginning in 2008), may discourage or prevent our lenders and other lenders from meeting their existing lending commitments, extending the terms of such commitments or agreeing to new commitments, such as for acquisitions or to refinance existing credit facilities. Market disruptions may also limit our ability to issue debt securities in the capital markets. We can provide no assurances that our lenders or any other lenders we may have will meet their existing commitments or that we will be able to access the credit markets in the future on terms acceptable to us or at all.

Longer term disruptions in the domestic or international capital and credit markets as a result of uncertainty, reduced financing alternatives or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our access to the liquidity needed for our business. Any disruption could require us to take measures to conserve cash until the market stabilizes or until alternative financing can be arranged. Such measures could include deferring capital expenditures and reducing other discretionary expenditures. Market disruptions could cause a broad economic downturn that may lead to increased incidence of customers’ failure to pay for services delivered, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Capital market disruptions could result in increased costs related to variable rate debt. As a result, continuation of market disruptions could increase our interest expense and adversely impact our results of operations. Disruption in the capital markets and its actual or perceived effects on particular businesses and the greater economy also adversely affects the value of the investments held within our pension plans. Significant declines in the value of the investments held within our pension plans may require us to increase contributions to those plans in order to meet future funding requirements if the actual asset returns do not recover these declines in value in the foreseeable future. These trends may also adversely impact our results of operations, net cash flows and financial positions, including our stockholders’ equity.

Risks Relating to Our Organization

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and we take advantage of the “controlled company” exemption to the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies. As a controlled Company, our common stock may be less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Because we qualify as a “controlled company” under the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies, we are not required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor are we required to have a compensation committee or an independent nominating function. In light of our status as a controlled company, our board of directors has determined not to have a majority of independent directors or an independent nominating or compensation committee and to have the full board of directors be directly responsible for compensation matters and for nominating members of our board. Accordingly, should the interests of our controlling stockholder differ from those of other stockholders, the other stockholders may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all the corporate governance rules for NASDAQ-listed companies. Our status as a controlled company could make our common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Delaware law and our corporate charter and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.

Our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the voting powers, preferences and other rights and limitations of the preferred stock. Accordingly, we may issue shares of preferred stock with a preference over our common stock with respect to dividends or distributions on liquidation or dissolution, or that may otherwise adversely affect the voting or other rights of the holders of common stock. Issuances of preferred stock, depending upon the rights, preferences and designations of the preferred stock, may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change of control, even if that change of control might benefit our stockholders. In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 203 generally prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless (i) prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or (iii) on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Section 203 could delay or prohibit mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts with respect to us and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us even though such a transaction may offer our stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price.

Your ability to influence corporate decisions may be limited because Provident Pioneer Partners, L.P. owns a controlling percentage of our common stock.

Provident Pioneer Partners, L.P., which is controlled by Nathan J. Mazurek, our chief executive officer, president and chairman of the board of directors, beneficially owns approximately 52.4% of our outstanding common stock as of March 31, 2016. As a result of this stock ownership, Provident Pioneer Partners, L.P. and Mr. Mazurek can control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This concentration of voting power could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company on terms that other stockholders may desire. In addition, as the interests of Provident Pioneer Partners, L.P. and our minority stockholders may not always be the same, this large concentration of voting power may lead to stockholder votes that are inconsistent with the best interests of our minority stockholders or the best interest of us as a whole.

Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of our credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, Chicago Branch, we are restricted from, among other things, entering into merger agreements or agreements for the sale of any or all of our assets outside the course of ordinary business. As such, even if certain corporate transactions may be approved by our stockholders, Bank of Montreal, Chicago Branch, as the lender under our credit agreement, has final authority to approve or reject certain of our transactions. This could lead to us not being able to effect certain transactions that may be in the best interests of our stockholders or our business.

We are subject to financial reporting and other requirements for which our accounting, internal audit and other management systems and resources may not be adequately prepared.

We are subject to reporting and other obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Section 404 requires us to conduct an annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on our management, administrative, operational, internal audit and accounting resources. Any failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and stock price.

In addition, our internal controls will also include those of any company or business that we may acquire in the future. Acquired companies or businesses are likely to have different standards, controls, contracts, procedures and policies, making it more difficult to implement and harmonize company-wide financial, accounting, information and other systems. As a result, our internal controls may become more complex and we may require significantly more resources to ensure they remain effective. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, either in our existing business or in businesses that we may acquire, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, and if we are unable to achieve and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or effective disclosure controls, this could have a material adverse effect on our business.

As discussed in Item 9A “Controls and Procedures”, we concluded there are material weaknesses in the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the company’s internal controls.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to remediate our existing material weaknesses in a timely manner, if at all, or that in the future additional material weaknesses will not exist, reoccur or otherwise be discovered, a risk that is significantly increased in light of the complexity of our business. If our efforts to remediate these material weaknesses, as described in Item 9A “Controls and Procedures”, are not successful or if other deficiencies occur, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or key operating metrics could be impaired, which could result in late filings of our annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act, restatements of our consolidated financial statements or other corrective disclosures. Additional impacts could include a decline in our stock price, suspension of trading or delisting of our common stock by the Nasdaq Capital Market, or other material adverse effects on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. Furthermore, if we continue to have these existing material weaknesses, other material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the future, it could create a perception that our financial results do not fairly state our financial condition or results of operations. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on the value of our stock.

We are delinquent in our federal payroll tax obligations which could subject us to penalties that could harm our financial position and create liens against our assets.

As of December 31 2015, we are delinquent in payment of $3.9 million in federal payroll taxes, and have accrued estimated penalties and interest thereon of approximately $1.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of the date of this filing, we have filed all required federal payroll tax returns, are timely in payment of payroll taxes incurred since October 1, 2015, and have submitted a request to the Internal Revenue Service for the abatement of all penalties. In addition, we have submitted a request to the Internal Revenue Service to enable us to pay the delinquent payroll taxes over an extended period. We cannot assure you that the Internal Revenue Service will accept our requests for the abatement of penalties, or for an installment payment program.

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

There has been a limited market for our common stock and we cannot ensure investors that an active market for our common stock will be sustained.

There has been limited trading in our common stock and there can be no assurance that an active trading market in our common stock will be maintained. Due to the illiquidity of our common stock, the market price may not accurately reflect our relative value. There can be no assurance that an active market for our shares of common stock will develop in the future. Because our common stock is so thinly traded, even limited trading in our shares has in the past, and might in the future, lead to dramatic fluctuations in share price and investors may not be able to liquidate their investment in us at all or at a price that reflects the value of the business.

While our common stock became listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market as of September 2013, we cannot assure you that we will maintain compliance with all of the requirements for our common stock to remain listed. Additionally, there can be no assurance that trading of our common stock on such market will be sustained or desirable.

Our stock price may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses for investors.

The market price of our common stock is highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also significantly affect the market price of our common stock.

Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public market could harm the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of common stock. Our stockholders and the holders of our options and warrants may sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market. The availability of these shares of our common stock for resale in the public market has the potential to cause the supply of our common stock to exceed investor demand, thereby decreasing the price of our common stock.

In addition, the fact that our stockholders, option holders and warrant holders can sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, could make it more difficult for us to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.

We do not expect to pay cash dividends in the future. As a result, any return on investment may be limited to the value of our common stock.

We do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends on our common stock will depend on our net income, financial condition and other business and economic factors as our board of directors may consider relevant. In addition, our credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, Chicago Branch restricts our ability to pay cash dividends. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have research coverage by securities and industry analysts and you should not invest in our common stock in anticipation that we will obtain such coverage. If we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage and if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

We believe our manufacturing and distribution facilities are well maintained, in proper condition to operate at higher than current levels and are adequately insured. We do not anticipate significant difficulty in renewing or extending existing leases as they expire, or in replacing them with equivalent facilities or office locations. Of the owned properties, both are subject to encumbrances with a bank, in amounts that we do not believe are material to our operations.

ITEM 3.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may become involved in lawsuits, investigations and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. As of the date hereof, we are not party to any material legal proceedings nor are we aware of any such threatened or pending litigation that we believe could have a materials adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.  See Note 15 ‒ Commitments and Contingencies included in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

There are no material proceedings in which any of our directors, officers or affiliates or any registered or beneficial shareholder of more than 5% of our common stock is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PPSI” since September 19, 2013. Prior to that time, it was quoted on the OTCQB. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market for the periods indicated.

The last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on March 30, 2016, was $4.90 per share. As of March 30, 2016, there were 42 holders of record of our common stock.

We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock during the two most recent fiscal years, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock during the foreseeable future. Rather, we intend to retain future net income (if any) to fund the operation and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes. Subject to legal and contractual limits, our board of directors will make any decision as to whether to pay dividends in the future. In addition, our credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, Chicago Branch, dated June 28, 2013, restricts our ability to pay cash dividends.

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 6.  SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

Not applicable.

ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We manufacture, sell and service a broad range of specialty electrical transmission, distribution and on-site power generation equipment for applications in the utility, industrial, commercial and backup power markets.  Our principal products and services include custom-engineered electrical transformers, switchgear and engine-generator sets and controls, complemented by a national field-service network to maintain and repair power generation assets. We are headquartered in Fort Lee, New Jersey and operate from 13 additional locations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico for manufacturing, service, centralized distribution, engineering, sales and administration.

Our operations are divided into two reportable segments: Transmission & Distribution Solutions and Critical Power Solutions.  Our T&D Solutions business provides equipment solutions that help customers effectively and efficiently manage their electrical power distribution systems to desired specifications. These solutions are marketed principally through our Pioneer Transformers Ltd., Jefferson Electric, Inc. and Pioneer CEP brand names. Our Critical Power Solutions business provides customers with sophisticated power generation equipment, switchgear, related electrical distribution infrastructure, preventative maintenance services and an advanced data collection and monitoring platform, the combination of which is used to ensure smooth, uninterrupted power to operations during times of emergency. These solutions are marketed by our operations headquartered in Minneapolis, currently doing business under the Pioneer Critical Power Inc. and Titan Energy Systems Inc. (“Titan”) brand names.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

Although we report our results in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in U.S. dollars, two of our business units are Canadian operations whose functional currency is the Canadian dollar.  As such, the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and equity of these operations are initially consolidated in Canadian dollars. Their assets and liabilities are then translated from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars by applying the foreign currency exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, while the results of their operations and cash flows are translated to U.S. dollars by applying weighted average foreign currency exchanges rates in effect during the reporting period. The resulting translation adjustments are included in other comprehensive income or loss.

The following table provides actual end of period exchange rates used to translate the financial position of our Canadian operations at the end of each period reported. The average exchange rates presented below, as provided by the Bank of Canada, are indicative of the weighted average rates we used to translate the revenues and expenses of our Canadian operations into U.S. dollars (rates expressed as the number of U.S. dollars to one Canadian dollar for each period reported):

Critical Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The financial statements include estimates based on currently available information and our judgment as to the outcome of future conditions and circumstances. Significant estimates in these financial statements include pension expense, inventory provisions, useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, warranty accruals, income tax provision, goodwill impairment analysis, stock-based compensation, allowance for doubtful accounts and estimates related to purchase price allocation. Changes in the status of certain facts or circumstances could result in material changes to the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements and actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery occurs, (3) the sales price is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is reasonably assured and (5) customer acceptance criteria, if any, has been successfully demonstrated. Revenue is recognized on the sale of goods, when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer upon delivery, provided that the Company maintains neither managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership, nor effective control over the goods sold. There are no further obligations on the part of the Company subsequent to revenue recognition, except when customers have the right of return or when the Company warrants the product. The Company records a provision for future returns, based on historical experience at the time of shipment of products to customers. The Company warrants some of its products against defects in design, materials and workmanship for periods ranging from one to three years depending on the model. The Company records a provision for estimated future warranty costs based on the historical relationship of warranty claims to sales at the time of shipment of products to customers. The Company periodically reviews the adequacy of its product warranties and adjusts, if necessary, the warranty percentage and accrued warranty reserve for actual experience.

Inventories.  We value inventories at the lower of cost or market. If a write down to the current market value is necessary, the market value cannot be greater than the net realizable value, which is defined as selling price less costs to complete and dispose, and cannot be lower than the net realizable value less a normal profit margin. We also continually evaluate the composition of our inventory and identify obsolete, slow-moving and excess inventories. Inventory items identified as obsolete, slow-moving or excess are evaluated to determine if reserves are required. If we were not able to achieve our expectations of the net realizable value of the inventory at current market value, we would have to adjust our reserves accordingly. We attempt to accurately estimate future product demand to properly adjust inventory levels for our standard products. However, significant unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of inventory and of operating results.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.  We review long-lived assets for impairment including intangible assets with determinable useful lives whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the corresponding asset group may not be realizable. If an evaluation is required, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset group are compared to the asset group’s carrying amount to determine if an impairment of such asset is necessary. This requires us to make long-term forecasts of the future revenues and costs related to the assets groups subject to review. Forecasts require assumptions about demand for our products and future market conditions. Estimating future cash flows requires significant judgment, and our projections may vary from cash flows eventually realized. Future events and unanticipated changes to assumptions could require a provision for impairment in a future period. The effect of any impairment would be reflected in operating income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, we estimate the useful lives of our long-lived assets and other intangibles and periodically review these estimates to determine whether these lives are appropriate.

Goodwill and Indefinite lived intangible Assets.  Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are evaluated for impairment annually, or immediately if conditions indicate that impairment could exist. The evaluation requires a two-step impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of a goodwill impairment loss. The first step of the test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss. Both steps of the goodwill impairment testing involve significant estimates.

Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We believe that the deferred tax asset recorded as of December 31, 2015, is realizable through future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and future taxable income. If we were to subsequently determine that we would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to deferred tax assets would increase net income for the period in which such determination was made. We will continue to assess the adequacy of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. Our judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.

As of December 31, 2015, we do not have any material liability for uncertain tax positions. We do not believe the total of unrecognized tax positions will significantly increase or decrease during the next 12 months.

Changes in Accounting Principles

In 2015, we adopted a change of goodwill testing date and ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (topic 740). No other significant changes in accounting principles were adopted during 2015 and 2014.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview of 2015 Operating Results

Selected financial and operating data for our reportable business segments for the most recent two years is summarized below. This information, as well as the selected financial data provided in Note 15 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, should be referred to when reading our discussion and analysis of results of operations below. Our summary of operating results during the years ended 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands):

Backlog.  Our order backlog at December 31, 2015 was $28.7 million, as compared to $36.0 million at December 31, 2014. Our backlog is based on orders expected to be delivered in the future, most of which is expected to occur during 2016. The following table represents the progression of our backlog, by reporting segment, for the periods ended as indicated (in thousands):

Revenue

The following table represents our revenues by reporting segment and major product category for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):

For the year ended December 31, 2015, our consolidated revenue increased by $14.3 million, or 15.5%, to $106.5 million, up from $92.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.

T&D Solutions. Revenue from our transformer product lines decreased by $5.7 million, or 7.0%, driven by lower sales from our Canadian operations (down 24.8%, or approximately 13.4% on a constant currency basis). This decline was primarily due to cyclically lower spending in 2015 by our two largest utility customers, down from all-time high levels of spending by each of them in 2014. Partially offsetting the Canadian market decline was a 22.6% increase in sales to U.S. customers. The U.S. sales increase was led by significant growth in our OEM solutions (up 43%, or approximately $4.1 million), and only partially offset by softer demand (down 2%) for our low voltage, general purpose products.

Critical Power Solutions. The $16.0 million increase in our Critical Power segment revenue was driven primarily by the timing of acquisitions. The reporting segment was established through the acquisition of a company we renamed Pioneer Critical Power on March 6, 2013, followed by the acquisition of Titan on December 2, 2014. Both businesses are headquartered in Minneapolis and their operations are now directed by a single management team.  Titan accounted for $19.9 million of segment revenue growth during the year ended December 31, 2015, partially offset by $3.9 million decrease in Pioneer Critical Power Inc.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

The following table represents our gross profit by reporting segment for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages):

For the year ended December 31, 2015, our gross margin percentage was 19.8% of revenues, compared to 19.7% during the year ended December 31, 2014. The 0.1% increase in our consolidated gross margin percentage is explained predominantly by the results of our T&D Solutions segment.

T&D Solutions. The 1.3% increase in our T&D Solutions gross margin resulted from a favorable shift in our sales mix to more custom-engineered transformers and the successful creation of an Asian supply channel, at a lower landed cost, for the highly competitive low voltage standard transformer products.

During 2015, we completed the development of our low voltage transformer product offering to make them comply with new Department of Energy efficiency standards coming into effect in 2016. The cost of these projects was recognized as period expenses during 2014 and 2015. Our T&D switchgear product sales grew rapidly and at a slightly improved gross margin during the year, but had minimal effect on our overall gross margin in 2015, as compared to 2014.

Critical Power Solutions. The 4.6% decrease in our Critical Power segment gross margin was driven primarily by the lower margins earned by Titan on the sales of Generac generators as compared to the margins for the service and paralleling switchgear components of this segment. Additionally, the lower sales of the paralleling switchgear adversely affect margins.

Operating Expenses

The following table represents our operating expenses by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in thousands, except percentages ):

Selling, General and Administrative Expense. For the year ended December 31, 2015, consolidated selling, general and administrative expense, before depreciation and amortization, increased by approximately $4.3 million, or 29.5%, to $19.0 million, as compared to $14.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. As a percentage of our consolidated revenue, selling, general and administrative expense decreased to 17.9% in 2015, as compared to 15.9% in 2014.

The increase in our selling, general and administrative expense is attributable mostly to our Critical Power segment, where expenses increased by $2.5 million as compared to 2014. This increase is the result of a full year of operations in 2015 as compared to one month operation in 2014.

Selling, general and administrative expense in our T&D Solutions segment increased by $1.1 million, or 10.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2015. In 2014, there was a bad debt recovery of $.6 million that was not repeated in 2015. The balance of the increase in 2015 is the result of the expenses added to operate the Harmonic Limited acquisition ($.4 million).

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses.  Depreciation and amortization expense consists primarily of depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of definite-lived intangible assets and excludes amounts included in cost of revenue. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily due to the 2015 purchases of Harmonics Limited and Pacific Power Systems.

Foreign Exchange (Gain) Loss. For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately 38% of our consolidated operating revenues were denominated in Canadian dollars, and the majority of our expenses were denominated and disbursed in U.S. dollars. We have not historically engaged in currency hedging activities. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the time we initiate and then settle transactions with our customers and suppliers can have an impact on our operating results. For the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a gain of $0.4 million due to currency fluctuations, compared to a gain of approximately $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.

Restructuring, Integration, Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Non-cash impairment charges totaling $1.4 million were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2014 related to the impairment of all the goodwill, and a portion of the intangible assets, associated with our Bemag Transformer business in Canada. The impairments are the result of Bemag’s operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2014, together with market-related pressure and execution challenges that have reduced and delayed our projections for revenue and cash flow in future periods. We do not expect that any of the impairment charges will result in future cash expenditures by us. In 2015, an additional $5.6 million of restructuring expenses were incurred as the result of three plant consolidations. These costs were mainly the result of write down of the carrying value of fixed assets ($2.4 million), write down of raw materials ($0.9 million), and lease termination and relocation costs for the balance.

Operating Income (Loss)

The following table represents our operating income or loss by reportable segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):

T&D Solutions.  Excluding the effect of the restructuring, integration and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets T&D segment operating income was constant between 2014 and 2015.

Critical Power Solutions. The Critical Power segment operating income decreased $1.9 million during 2015 from 2014. This decrease from the lower sales volumes of the Critical Power business unit, resulting in a $1.5 million reduction of operating profit.

General Corporate Expense. Our general corporate expense consists primarily of executive management, corporate accounting and human resources personnel, office expenses, financing and corporate development activities, payroll and benefits administration, treasury, tax compliance, legal, stock-based compensation and public reporting costs, and costs not specifically allocated to reportable business segments. During the year ended December 31, 2015, our general corporate expense increased $1.1 million, or 47.1%, primarily due to increased headcount.

Non-Operating Expense

Interest Expense. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our interest expense was $0.7 million, as compared to approximately $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.  The net increase in our interest expense was due to higher average borrowings and the effect of currency translation on interest paid under our Canadian credit facilities during 2015, as compared to 2014. The aggregate outstanding balance of our total debt decreased by approximately $0.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Other Expense. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our non-operating other expense of $2.5 million consists primarily of professional fees and costs incurred in connection with acquisitions of $0.4 million and interest and penalties from the non-payment of payroll taxes of $1.5 million, as compared to $0.9 million during the prior year.

Provision for Income Taxes. Our provision reflects an effective tax rate on income (loss) before income taxes of 31% in 2015, as compared to 205% in 2014, as set forth below (dollars in thousands):

Our effective tax rate in 2014 was driven primarily by non-deductible impairment charges of $1.4 million related to a write-down of goodwill and intangibles. Without the effect of this non-cash charge, our effective tax rate would have been 31.6% during the year ended December 31, 2014, which is comparable to our 2015 effective tax rate.

Net Income and Loss Per Share

We generated a net loss of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to net loss of $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2014. In 2015, our net loss per basic and diluted share was $0.76, as compared to net loss of $0.04 during the year ended December 31, 2014.  Our net loss resulted primarily from an increase in operating expenses and restructuring charges in 2015 of $9.9 million.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

General. At December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $0.6 million and total debt outstanding of $16.1 million, when including bank overdrafts. We have historically met our cash needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities, bank borrowings under our revolving credit facilities and distributions between our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries. Our cash requirements are generally for operating activities, debt repayment, capital improvements and acquisitions. We believe that working capital, borrowing capacity available under our credit facilities, funds generated from operations and cash available on hand should be sufficient to finance our cash requirements for anticipated operating activities, capital improvements and principal repayments of debt through at least the next twelve months.

Cash Provided/Used by Operating Activities. Cash used by our operating activities was approximately $4.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to cash provided by our operating activities of $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2014, primarily due to deferred taxes, restructuring and working capital changes.

Cash Used in Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2015 was approximately $3.4 million, as compared to $1.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.  During 2015, our cash used in investing activities included $2.1 million for business acquisitions. Additions to our property, plant and equipment in the ordinary course of business were approximately $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities. Cash provided by our financing activities was $4.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to cash provided by our financing activities of approximately $5.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.  During 2015, borrowings under our revolving credit facilities increased by $3.1 million.

Working Capital.  As of December 31, 2015, we had negative working capital of $3.4 million, including $0.6 million of cash and equivalents, compared to net working capital of $9.7 million, including $3.8 million of cash and equivalents at December 31, 2014. Our current assets were approximately 0.9 times our current liabilities at December 31, 2015, as compared to 1.4 times at December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $2.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, of available and unused borrowing capacity from our revolving credit facilities, without taking into account cash and equivalents on hand. However, the availability of this capacity under our revolving credit facilities is subject to restrictions on the use of proceeds and is dependent upon our ability to satisfy certain financial and operating covenants, including financial ratios.

Assessment of Liquidity.  At December 31, 2015, we had total debt of $16.1 million and $0.6 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand. We have historically met our cash needs through a combination of cash flows from operating activities and bank borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. Our cash requirements are generally for operating activities, debt repayment, capital improvements and acquisitions.

The financial statements included in this annual report have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the recoverability of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.  Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity, capital requirements and that our credit facilities with our lender will remain available to us and will not need to be replaced. In addition, we did not duly pay and discharge our payroll tax obligations in a manner compliant with the covenant requirements of our U.S. Facilities. 

Based on these determinations,  we began discussions with our lender and secured a waiver of defaults dated November 18, 2015 with respect to our U.S. credit agreement and our Canadian letter loan agreement, to suspend testing of the existing financial defaults until January 31, 2016 and to permit borrowings of up to $3.0 million by our Canadian subsidiary in order to provide financial support to our U.S. operations, subject to the satisfaction of new financial reporting requirements and other conditions. This waiver was subsequently extended to April 30, 2016, and the amount of borrowings increased up to $5.0 million by our Canadian subsidiary in order to provide financial assistance to our US operations.

On March 28, 2016 we entered into a committed term sheet to extend our credit facilities with the Bank of Montreal until July 31, 2017. This committed term sheet replaces the waiver that is to expire on April 30, 2016. This committed term sheet modifies our credit facilities as follows:

Canadian Credit Facilities

United States Credit Facilities

Additionally, the committed term sheet adjusts the financial covenants testing so that testing will be performed on the consolidated financial statements. The financial covenants will be changed to a minimum working capital ratio, EBITDA level and effective tangible net worth level.

A formal amendment of the credit agreement is expected to be executed during the second quarter of 2016, with terms that will be consistent with those agreed upon in the committed term sheet. With the execution of the amendment to the credit agreement, portions of the credit facilities will be classified as long term indebtedness.

On December 23, 2015, the Company provided an update on its restructuring efforts, which are designed to create at least $2.5 million in annualized expense reductions by rationalizing the Company’s infrastructure.  

Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt

Canadian Credit Facilities

Our Canadian subsidiaries have maintained credit facilities with Bank of Montreal since October 2009. In June 2011, our wholly owned subsidiary Pioneer Electrogroup Canada Inc. entered into a letter loan agreement with Bank of Montreal (the “Canadian Facilities”) that replaced and superseded all of our businesses’ prior financing arrangements with the bank.

Our Canadian Facilities originally provided for up to $22.0 million Canadian dollars (“CAD”) (approximately $15.9 million expressed in U.S. dollars) consisting of a $10.0 million CAD demand revolving credit facility (“Facility A”) to finance ongoing operations, a $2.0 million CAD term credit facility (“Facility B”) that financed a plant expansion, and a $10.0 million CAD term credit facility (“Facility C”) that financed a business acquisition and the purchase and expansion of its manufacturing facilities.

The Canadian Facilities require us to comply on a consolidated Canadian basis with various financial covenants, including maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a maximum funded debt to EBITDA ratio and a limitation on funded debt as a percent of capitalization. The binding commitment replaces the financial covenants described above with testing to be performed on the consolidated financial statements. The financial covenants were changed to a working capital ratio, EBITDA level and effective tangible net worth level.

Facility A is subject to margin criteria and borrowings bear interest at Bank of Montreal’s prime rate plus 0.50% per annum on amounts borrowed in Canadian dollars, or its U.S. base rate plus 0.50% per annum or LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum on amounts borrowed in U.S. dollars.

Borrowings under Facility B bear interest at Bank of Montreal’s prime rate plus 1.00% per annum with principal repayments becoming due on a five year amortization schedule.

Borrowings under Facility C are repayable according to a five year principal amortization schedule and bear interest at the following rates: if the funded debt to EBITDA ratio is equal to or greater than 2.00, Bank of Montreal’s prime rate plus 1.25% per annum on amounts borrowed in Canadian dollars, or its U.S. base rate plus 1.25% per annum or LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum on amounts borrowed in U.S. dollars; or, if the funded debt to EBITDA ratio is less than 2.00, Bank of Montreal ’s prime rate plus 1.00% per annum on amounts borrowed in Canadian dollars, or its U.S. base rate plus 1.00% per annum or LIBOR plus 2.25% per annum on amounts borrowed in U.S. dollars. In addition, Facility C is subject to a standby fee which is calculated monthly using the unused portion of the facility at either 0.625% per annum if the funded debt to EBITDA ratio is equal to or greater than 2.00 or 0.5625% per annum if the funded debt to EBITDA ratio is less than 2.00.

The committed term sheet executed on March 28, 2016 modifies our credit facilities. All financial covenant defaults are waived through April 30, 2016.

As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $1.7 million in U.S. dollar equivalents outstanding under our Canadian Facilities Our borrowings consisted of approximately $0.5 million outstanding under Facility A, $0.4 million outstanding under Facility B and $0.8 million outstanding under Facility C.

As of December 31, 2014, we had approximately $7.1 million in U.S. dollar equivalents outstanding under our Canadian Facilities and were in compliance with our financial covenant requirements. Our borrowings consisted of approximately $0.9 million outstanding under Facility A, $0.8 million outstanding under Facility B and $5.4 million outstanding under Facility C.

Subsequent to the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, in connection with an amendment to our United States Credit Facilities, we elected to prepay $5.0 million Canadian dollars (approximately $4.0 million expressed in U.S. dollars) of Facility C with cash available on-hand.

United States Credit Facilities

On December 2, 2014, the U.S. Facilities were amended in order to provide a $5.0 million term loan facility (Facility B) that was used for the acquisition of Titan. The term loan facility has principal repayments becoming due on a five year amortization schedule. On March 28, 2016, we executed a binding commitment with the Bank of Montreal to modify this facility to reduce the principal payments during calendar year 2016.

The U.S. Facilities require us to comply with a two-step test of financial covenants. First, as measured on a consolidated basis, we must comply with a maximum funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio of (a) 3.15x for the quarter ended December 31, 2014 and the quarter ending March 31, 2015, (b) 3.25x for the quarter ending June 30, 2015, (c) 3.65x for the quarter ending September 30, 2015, and (d) 2.75x for the quarter ending December 31, 2015 and all testing periods thereafter. Secondly, if the funded debt to adjusted EBITDA tests above are met, and our fixed charge coverage ratio is at or above 1.10x for the quarter ended December 31, 2014, and at or above 1.25x for all testing periods thereafter, then no further compliance tests are required.

Alternatively, we may comply with the financial covenant requirements of the U.S. Facilities if our U.S. operations maintain a maximum funded debt to capitalization ratio and various minimum fixed charge coverage ratios and maximum funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratios which are set at different thresholds by time period. The U.S. Facilities also restrict our ability to incur indebtedness, create or incur liens, make investments, make distributions or dividends and enter into merger agreements or agreements for the sale of any or all our assets.

Borrowings under the demand revolving credit facility (Facility A) bear interest, at our option, at the bank’s prime rate plus 1.00% per annum on U.S. prime rate loans, or an adjusted LIBOR rate plus 2.25% per annum on Eurodollar loans. Borrowings under the term loan facility (Facility B) bear interest, at our option, at the bank’s prime rate plus 1.25% per annum on U.S. prime rate loans, or an adjusted LIBOR rate plus 2.50% per annum on Eurodollar loans.   

Our obligations under the U.S. Facilities are guaranteed by all our wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries. In addition, we and our wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries granted a security interest in substantially all of our assets, including 65% of the shares of Pioneer Electrogroup Canada Inc. held by us, to secure our obligations for borrowed money under the U.S. Facilities.

The committed term sheet executed on March 28, 2016 modifies our credit facilities. All financial covenant defaults are waived through April 30, 2016.

As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $14.1 million outstanding under our U.S. Credit Facilities. Our borrowings consisted of approximately $9.4 million outstanding under Facility A, and $4.7 million outstanding under Facility B.

Nexus Promissory Note

On July 25, 2012, Nexus Magneticos de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., a subsidiary of Jefferson Electric, Inc., entered into a $1.7 million term loan agreement with GE CF Mexico, S.A. de C.V. The term loan from GE CF Mexico, S.A. de C.V. is payable in 60 consecutive monthly installments and bears interest, payable monthly, at a rate of 6.93% per annum. In December 2013, we elected to make a $250,000 advance payment against the Nexus Promissory Note. We provided a guaranty to GE CF Mexico, S.A. de C.V. of all of Nexus Magneticos de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V.’s obligations under the term loan agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2013, we prepaid $250,000 of the term loan and as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, there was approximately $0.3 million and $0.6 million outstanding, respectively.

Pico Promissory Note

On August 19, 2013, in connection with the acquisition of certain assets from Pico Electrical Equipment, Inc. and Pico Metal Products, Inc., our Pioneer CEP subsidiary issued a $455,000 non-interest bearing promissory note to the sellers of the assets. The promissory note was payable in six installments of principal ending on June 19, 2014. In addition, we also entered into a guaranty agreement to guarantee the obligations of Pioneer CEP under the promissory note. As of December 31, 2014, the promissory note had been repaid in full.

Titan Notes Payable

In connection with the acquisition of Titan, we assumed obligations to repay the remaining holders of unsecured notes. As of December 31, 2015 these notes were fully repaid.

Capital Lease Obligations

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had an immaterial amount of capital lease obligations outstanding that were assumed in connection with the acquisition of Titan.

Capital Expenditures

Our additions to property, plant and equipment were $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $0.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2014.

Factors That May Affect Future Operations

We believe that our future operating results will continue to be subject to quarterly variations based upon a wide variety of factors, including the cyclical nature of the electrical equipment industry and the markets for our products and services. Our operating results could also be impacted by a weakening of the Canadian dollar, changing customer requirements and exposure to fluctuations in prices of important raw supplies, such as copper, steel and aluminum. We attempt to minimize increases resulting from fluctuations in supply costs through the inclusion of escalation clauses with respect to commodities in our customer contracts. In addition to these measures, we attempt to recover other cost increases through improvements to our manufacturing efficiency and through increases in prices where competitively feasible. Lastly, other economic conditions we cannot foresee may affect customer demand. We predominately sell to customers in the utility, industrial production and commercial construction markets. Accordingly, changes in the condition of any of our customers may have a greater impact than if our sales were more evenly distributed between different end markets. For a further discussion of factors that may affect future operating results see the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Off Balance Sheet Transactions and Related Matters

Other than operating leases, we have no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that have, or may have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The information required by this Item is provided in “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued update 2014-09, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This guidance is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Management is still assessing the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB made a decision to defer the effective date of the new standard for one year and permit early adoption as of the original effective date.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which it will adopt the standard in 2018.

In May 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-07, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)” (“ASU 2015-07”). The amendments apply to reporting entities that elect to measure the fair value of an investment using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. The amendments remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the NAV per share practical expedient. The amendments also remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient. Rather, those disclosures are limited to investments for which the entity has elected to measure the fair value using that practical expedient. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Entities should apply the amendments in this update retrospectively to all periods presented. As the Company measures certain defined benefit plan assets using the NAV practicable expedient, upon adoption of ASU 2015-07, the fair value of these plan assets will be removed from the fair value hierarchy in all periods presented in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company will continue to disclose information on these investments for which fair value is measured at NAV as a practical expedient.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16 Business Combinations (Topic 805). This ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The ASU is applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date. That is, the ASU applies to open measurement periods, regardless of the acquisition date. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have, if any, on its consolidated financial statements and footnotes disclosures.

In November 2015, the FASB issued No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by ASU No. 2015-17. ASU No. 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. A reporting entity may apply the provisions of ASU No. 2015-17 prospectively or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2015-17 in 2015 and has reflected the impact in the current and prior years in its statement of financial position.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires, among other things, a lessee to recognize a liability representing future lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For operating leases, a lessee will be required to recognize at inception a right-of-use asset and a lease liability equal to the net present value of the lease payments, with lease expense recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, ASU 2016-02 allows a reporting entity to make an accounting policy election to not recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, and to recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, a reporting entity should apply the provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes certain optional practical expedients that an entity may elect to apply. The Company is evaluating the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting ASU 2016-02.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40)”. This ASU establishes accounting guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting ASU 2014-2015.

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not Applicable.

ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc.

Fort Lee, New Jersey

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc., as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and the related consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years ended in the period ended December 31, 2015.  These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.  Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.  An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc., at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ BDO USA, LLP

New York, NY

March 31, 2016

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

PIONEER POWER SOLUTIONS, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Dollars in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

1. BASIS OF PRESENTAION

Pioneer Power Solutions, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (referred to herein as the “Company,” “Pioneer,” “we,” “our” and “us”) manufacture, sell and service a broad range of specialty electrical transmission, distribution and on-site power generation equipment for applications in the utility, industrial, commercial and backup power markets. The Company is headquartered in Fort Lee, New Jersey and operates from fourteen additional locations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico for manufacturing, centralized distribution, engineering, sales and administration.

Acquisitions

On December 2, 2014, the Company acquired voting control of Titan Energy Worldwide, Inc. (“Titan”), a Minneapolis-based provider of sales and service for commercial and industrial-scale onsite power systems, including generators and associated switching equipment. On December 31, 2014, a subsidiary of the Company completed a short form merger with Titan Energy Worldwide, Inc. that resulted in 100% ownership by the Company.  See Note 3 – Acquisitions.

On January 16, 2015, the Company acquired substantially all the assets of Harmonics Holdings Inc. (doing business as "Harmonics Limited" or "Harmonics"), a New Haven, Connecticut based specialty provider of equipment that incorporates a patented technology for the elimination of harmonic currents in power distribution systems. See Note 3 – Acquisitions.

On August 1, 2015, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Pacific Power Systems Integration, Inc., a Santa Fe Springs, California based manufacturer of custom electrical power distribution and control equipment, with a specific emphasis on low voltage draw-out, metal-enclosed and metal-clad switchgear. See Note 3 – Acquisitions.

NASDAQ Listing

On September 24, 2013, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 1,265,000 shares of its common stock at a gross sales price of $7.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $7.9 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. In connection with the public offering, the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol PPSI.

In September 2015, the Company completed a public offering and issued 1,125,000 shares of its common stock at a gross sales price of $4.00 per share, resulting in $3.9 million in net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discount and costs directly attributable to the offering. Subsequent to the end of the third quarter, on October 5, 2015, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 168,750 shares from the Company at the public offering price of $4.00 per share, resulting in an additional $0.6 million in net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discount.

Segments

In determining operating and reportable segments in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), the Company concluded that it has two reportable segments, which are also our operating segments: Transmission & Distribution Solutions (“T&D Solutions”) and Critical Power Solutions.  Financial information about the Company’s segments is presented in Note 16 – Business Segment, Geographic and Customer Information.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company identified certain immaterial errors that originated from the first, second and third quarters of 2014. These errors, all of which related to Cost of Goods Sold, were corrected for in the fourth quarter of 2014. The errors aggregated $0.9 million, of which the most significant item was a $0.5 million adjustment related to an invoice for a purchase order that was returned to the vendor for correction, and was not recorded into accrued accounts payable as of September 30, 2014. The remaining $0.4 million of pretax adjustments were attributable to incorrect standard costs being applied in the inventory system at the Company’s Bemag Transformer reporting unit. The cumulative effect of these errors was that gross profit, operating income and income (loss) before income taxes during the fourth quarter of 2014 were negatively impacted by $0.9 million, and the Company’s net income was reduced by $0.6 million, net of income taxes at statutory rates. Management evaluated these items in relation to the current period in which they were corrected, as well as the periods in which they originated, and concluded that such items are immaterial to the quarterly and annual financial statements.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, although payroll taxes were being correctly recorded, the Company determined that it had not been filing payroll tax reports and remitting payments to the appropriate tax authorities for the period of January 1, 2014 through September 30, 2015. Upon making this determination, the Company completed and filed all delinquent payroll tax reports for the periods in question. As of December 31 2015, we are delinquent in payment of $3.9 million in federal payroll taxes, and have accrued estimated penalties and interest thereon of approximately $1.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of the date of this filing, we have filed all required federal payroll tax returns, are timely in payment of taxes since October 2015 payroll periods, and have submitted a request to the Internal Revenue Service for the abatement of all penalties. In addition, we have submitted an application to the Internal Revenue Service to enable us to pay the delinquent payroll taxes over an extended period. We cannot assure you that the Internal Revenue Service will accept our request for the abatement of penalties, and our application for installment payments. As of January 1, 2016, the Company has engaged ADP to process payroll and payroll tax reports on a timely basis. The Company analyzed the amount of penalties and interest that would have been accrued in each reporting period had the compliance failure been known, and determined that the amounts were not material to any one reporting period’s results or the cumulative adjustment recorded in the year ending December 31, 2015.

On March 28, 2016 we entered into a committed term sheet to extend our credit facilities with the Bank of Montreal until July 31, 2017. This committed term sheet replaces the waiver that is to expire on April 30, 2016. This committed term sheet modifies our credit facilities as follows:

Canadian Credit Facilities

United States Credit Facilities

Additionally, the committed term sheet adjusts the financial covenants testing so that testing will be performed on the consolidated financial statements. The financial covenants will be changed to a minimum working capital ratio, EBITDA level and effective tangible net worth level. All financial covenant defaults are waived through April 30, 2016.

A formal amendment of the credit agreement is expected to be executed during the second quarter of 2016, with terms that will be consistent with those agreed upon in the committed term sheet. With the execution of the amendment to the credit agreement, portions of the credit facilities will be classified as long term indebtedness.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made in prior years’ financial statements to conform to the presentation used in the current year. These reclassifications have not resulted in any changes to the previously reported net income for any year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The financial statements include estimates based on currently available information and management's judgment as to the outcome of future conditions and circumstances. Significant estimates in these financial statements include allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, inventory provision, useful lives and impairment of long-lived assets, income tax provision, goodwill impairment, cost of pension benefits and estimates related to purchase price allocation.

Changes in the status of certain facts or circumstances could result in material changes to the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements and actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery occurs, (3) the sales price is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is reasonably assured and (5) customer acceptance criteria, if any, has been successfully demonstrated. Revenue is recognized on the sale of goods, when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer upon delivery, provided that the Company maintains neither managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership, nor effective control over the goods sold. There are no further obligations on the part of the Company subsequent to revenue recognition, except when customers have the right of return or when the Company warrants the product. The Company records a provision for future returns, based on historical experience at the time of shipment of products to customers. The Company warrants some of its products against defects in design, materials and workmanship for periods ranging primarily from one to ten years depending on the model. The Company records a provision for estimated future warranty costs based on the historical relationship of warranty claims to sales at the time of shipment of products to customers. The Company periodically reviews the adequacy of its product warranties and adjusts, if necessary, the warranty percentage and accrued warranty reserve for actual experience.

Service revenue primarily consists of preventative maintenance and monitoring services, as well as the provision of after-market support related to equipment sales and project commissioning service revenue. Revenues from these services are recognized when the service is performed and the customer has accepted the work.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the T&D Solutions and Critical Power Solutions segments primarily includes charges for materials, direct labor and related benefits, freight (inbound and outbound), direct supplies and tools, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, internal transfer costs, warehousing costs and utilities related to production facilities and, where appropriate, an allocation of overhead.  Cost of goods sold for Critical Power Solutions also includes indirect labor and infrastructure cost related to the provision of field services.

Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and debt instruments. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their respective fair values as they are either short-term in nature or carry interest rates which are periodically adjusted to market rates. Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying value of these financial instruments approximates their fair market value.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits and investments with an original maturity at the date of purchase of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

The Company accounts for trade receivables at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a monthly basis. Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer's financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions. The Company writes off trade receivables when they are deemed uncollectible. The Company records recoveries of trade receivables previously written off when it receives them. Management considers the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts, which was $0.6 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, sufficient to cover any exposure to loss in its accounts receivable.

Long-Lived Assets

Depreciation and amortization for property, plant and equipment, and finite life intangible assets, is computed and included in cost of goods sold and in selling and administrative expense, as appropriate. Long-lived assets, consisting primarily of property, plant and equipment, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated using the straight line method, based on the estimated useful lives of the assets (buildings – 25 years, machinery and equipment - 5 to 15 years, computer hardware and software - 3 to 5 years, furniture & fixtures 5 to 7 years, leasehold improvements – term of lease). Depreciation commences once the assets are ready for their intended use.

Finite life intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships in multiple categories that are specific to the businesses acquired and for which estimated useful lives were determined based on actual historical customer attrition rates. The Company’s other finite life intangible assets consist of non-compete agreements, which have defined terms, certain trademarks which the Company has elected to gradually discontinue, and internally-developed software. These finite life intangible assets are amortized by the Company over periods ranging from one to twenty years.

Long-lived assets and finite life intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining useful life of the asset may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of the asset may not be recoverable. Upon indications of impairment, or in the normal course of annual testing, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The measurement of possible impairment is generally estimated by the ability to recover the balance of an asset group from its expected future operating cash flows on an undiscounted basis. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value thereof. Determining asset groups and underlying cash flows requires the use of significant judgment. In 2015, due to relocation of Bemag, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $261 for customer relationships. No impairment was recorded in 2014.

Goodwill and Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

Goodwill was generated through the acquisitions made by the Company between 2010 and 2015.  As the total consideration paid exceeded the value of the net assets acquired, the Company recorded goodwill for each of the completed acquisitions.  At the date of acquisition, the Company performed a valuation to determine the value of the intangible assets, and the allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired.  The goodwill is attributable to synergies and economies of scale provided to us by the acquired entity.

The Company tests its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment at least annually  and whenever events or circumstances change that indicate impairment may have occurred. In 2015, the Company changed its annual testing date from December 31 to October 1. The Company believes this change in the method of applying an accounting principle is preferable, as it allows for a more robust fair value assessment. This change in annual testing date does not delay, accelerate, or avoid an impairment charge. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include, among others: a significant decline in the Company’s expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate of its segments; unanticipated competition; and slower growth rates. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of goodwill, the indefinite-lived intangible asset and the Company’s consolidated financial results. The company recorded an impairment charge of $143 for technology related industry accreditation and $1.4 million for goodwill in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Reportable segments are defined in Note 1 Basis of Presentation.

The Company tests its goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or a segment that is one level below its operating segments.  An operating segment is defined by ASC 280-10-50 as a component of an enterprise that earns revenue and incurs expenses, of which discrete financial information is available. During the second quarter of 2015, the Company began evaluating improvement strategies to reorganize, simplify and cut costs from operations through closer business integration which reduced the number of reporting units to four in 2015, while the 2014 operations had nine reporting units. The goodwill has been assigned to the reporting unit to which the value relates. Three of the Company's four reporting units have goodwill. The Company tests goodwill by estimating the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model and other valuation techniques, but may elect to perform a qualitative analysis. A quantitative analysis is used to determine an estimated fair value representing the amount at which a reporting unit could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties on an arms-length basis. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit is derived using a discounted cash flow method based on market and reporting unit-specific assumptions, including estimated future revenues and expenses, weighted average cost of capital, capital expenditures, the useful life over which cash flows will occur and other assumptions which are considered reasonable and inherent in discounted cash flow analysis. A qualitative analysis is performed by assessing certain trends and factors, including projected market  outlook and growth rates, forecasted and actual sales and operating profit margins, discount rates, industry data and other relevant qualitative factors. These trends and factors are compared to, and based on, the assumptions used in the most recent quantitative assessment.

Indefinite life intangible assets consist primarily of trademarks. The fair value of these assets are determined using a royalty relief methodology similar to that employed when the associated assets were acquired, but using updated estimates of future sales, cash flows and profitability.

The Company’s 2015 quantitative impairment test identified no impairment of goodwill or indefinite life intangibles. During the Company's 2014 annual impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, management identified potential impairment. The Company's management then determined that, by use of quantitative methods for testing, the Bemag Transformer Inc. (“Bemag”) business unit assets were impaired and recognized an impairment charge of approximately $1.2 million related to goodwill and $0.2 million related to definite-lived  intangible assets as the carrying value of the Bemag business unit was in excess of its fair value. See Note 8 ‒ Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further information.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency for the Companies foreign subsidiaries is the local currency in which the entity is located. The financial statements of all subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar have been translated into U.S. dollars. All assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates, and all revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average rates during the respective period. The U.S. dollar results that arise from such translation, as well as exchange gains and losses on intercompany balances of a long-term investment nature, are included in the cumulative currency translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in earnings.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the countries in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The Company believes that the deferred tax assets recorded as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, is realizable through future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and future taxable income. If the Company was to subsequently determine that it would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to deferred tax assets would increase net income for the period in which such determination was made. The Company will continue to assess the adequacy of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. The Company’s judgments and tax filings are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.

The objective of accounting for income taxes is to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences or events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position (see “Unrecognized Tax Benefits" below).

Income tax related interest and penalties are grouped with interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740"). ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold that a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements and provides guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition issues. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

Additionally, ASC 740 requires the Company to accrue interest and related penalties, if applicable, on all tax positions for which reserves have been established consistent with jurisdictional tax laws.  See Note 14 ‒ Income Taxes.

Share-Based Payments

The Company accounts for share based payments in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation" and accordingly recognizes in its financial statements share based payments at their fair value. In addition, it recognizes in the financial statements an expense based on the grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors. The expense is recognized on a straight line basis over the expected option life while taking into account the vesting period and the offsetting credit is recorded in additional paid-in capital. Upon exercise of options, the consideration paid together with the amount previously recorded as additional paid-in capital is recognized as capital stock. The Company estimates its forfeiture rate in order to determine its compensation expense arising from stock based awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of the options. Non-employee members of the Board of Directors are deemed to be employees for the purposes of recognizing share-based compensation expense.

Employee Benefit Plan

The Company sponsors a defined benefit plan as described in Note 15 ‒ Pension Plan. The cost of pension benefits earned by employees is actuarially determined using the accumulated benefit method and a discount rate, used to measure interest cost on the accrued employee future benefit obligation, based on market interest rates on high-quality debt instruments with maturities that match the timing and benefits expected to be paid by the plan. Plan assets are valued using current market values and the expected return on plan assets is based on the net asset value of the plan assets. The costs that relate to employee current service are charged to income annually.

The transitional obligation created upon adoption of the FASB ASC 715 "Compensation - Retirement Benefits" is amortized over the average remaining service period of employees. For a given year, unrecognized actuarial gains or losses are recognized into income if the unamortized balance at the beginning of the year is more than 10% of the greater of the plan asset or liability balance. Any unrecognized actuarial gain or loss in excess of this threshold is recognized in income over the remaining service period of the employees.

The Company reflects the funded status of its defined pension plans as a net asset or net liability in its balance sheet, with an offsetting amount in accumulated other comprehensive income, and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using first-in, first-out (FIFO) or weighted-average methods and include the cost of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. The Company uses estimates in determining the level of reserves required to state inventory at the lower of cost or market. The Company estimates are based on market activity levels, production requirements, the physical condition of products and technological innovation. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the carrying value of inventory. See Note 6.

Income (Loss) Per Share

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. (see Note 17 ‒ Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share).

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure” applies to all assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. ASC 820 enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. ASC 820 requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs a detailed analysis of the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC 820, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and debt instruments. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3.

The fair value represents management’s best estimates based on a range of methodologies and assumptions. The carrying value of receivables and payables arising in the ordinary course of business approximate fair value because of the relatively short period of time between their origination and expected realization. These items have been classified as Level 1.

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and debt instruments. The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their respective fair values as they are either short-term in nature or carry interest rates which are periodically adjusted to market rates. Unless otherwise indicated, the carrying value of these financial instruments approximates their fair market value.

Reclassification of Long-Term Debt

The financial statements included in this annual report have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the recoverability of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.  Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity, capital requirements and that our credit facilities with our lender will remain available to us and will not need to be replaced. In addition, we did not duly pay and discharge our payroll tax obligations in a manner compliant with the covenant requirements of our U.S. Facilities. (see Note 5 – Other Expense).

Based on these determinations,  we began discussions with our lender and secured a waiver of defaults dated November 18, 2015 with respect to our U.S. credit agreement and our Canadian letter loan agreement, to suspend testing of the existing financial defaults until January 31, 2016 and to permit borrowings of up to $3.0 million by our Canadian subsidiary in order to provide financial support to our U.S. operations, subject to the satisfaction of new financial reporting requirements and other conditions. This waiver was subsequently extended to April 30, 2016, and the amount of borrowings increased up to $5.0 million by our Canadian subsidiary in order to provide financial assistance to our US operations. As a result of this noncompliance and expected future noncompliance with existing covenant requirements through March 31, 2017, all outstanding long-term debt with the lender will be classified as a current liability.

On March 28, 2016 we executed a committed term sheet for a formal extension of our credit facilities from the Bank for Montreal to July 31, 2017. A formal amendment of the credit agreement is expected to be executed during the second quarter of 2016, with terms that will be consistent with those agreed upon in the committed term sheet. With the execution of the amendment to the credit agreement, portions of the credit facilities will be classified as long term indebtedness. This committed term sheet contains revised covenants and funding amounts that finance our cash requirements for anticipated operating activities, restructuring and integration plans, capital improvements and scheduled principal repayments of long-term debt.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted by the Company which would have a material impact on our financial statements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers.  In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. In July 2015, the FASB made a decision to defer the effective date of the new standard for one year and permit early adoption as of the original effective date.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 on its consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which it will adopt the standard in 2018.

Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent). In May 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-07, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent)” (“ASU 2015-07”). The amendments apply to reporting entities that elect to measure the fair value of an investment using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. The amendments remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the NAV per share practical expedient. The amendments also remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient. Rather, those disclosures are limited to investments for which the entity has elected to measure the fair value using that practical expedient. The amendments in this ASU are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Entities should apply the amendments in this update retrospectively to all periods presented. As the Company measures certain defined benefit plan assets using the NAV practicable expedient, upon adoption of ASU 2015-07, the fair value of these plan assets will be removed from the fair value hierarchy in all periods presented in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company will continue to disclose information on these investments for which fair value is measured at NAV as a practical expedient.

Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.    In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This standard amends Topic 330, Inventory, which currently requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost or market. Market could be replacement cost, net realizable value, or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. When this standard is adopted, an entity should measure in scope inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.  In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, This ASU eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to account for measurement-period adjustments retrospectively. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The ASU is applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date. That is, the ASU applies to open measurement periods, regardless of the acquisition date. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have, if any, on its consolidated financial statements and footnotes disclosures.

Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. In November 2015, the FASB issued No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by ASU No. 2015-17. ASU No. 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. A reporting entity may apply the provisions of ASU No. 2015-17 prospectively or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2015-17 in 2015 and has reflected the impact in the current and prior years in its statement of financial position.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires, among other things, a lessee to recognize a liability representing future lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For operating leases, a lessee will be required to recognize at inception a right-of-use asset and a lease liability equal to the net present value of the lease payments, with lease expense recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, ASU 2016-02 allows a reporting entity to make an accounting policy election to not recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, and to recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, a reporting entity should apply the provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach, which includes certain optional practical expedients that an entity may elect to apply. The Company is evaluating the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting ASU 2016-02.

In August 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40)”. This ASU establishes accounting guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this Update are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted.  The Company is evaluating the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements of adopting ASU 2014-15.

3. ACQUISITIONS

Since January 1, 2014, the Company has acquired three businesses in the U.S. These acquisitions have allowed the Company to expand its products and service capabilities and offer its customers a greater breadth of solutions for their electrical power distribution and backup power needs. A summary of the acquisitions is as follows:

Each of the acquired businesses has been included in the Company’s results of operations since the date of its respective closing.

2014 Acquisition

On December 2, 2014, the Company acquired voting control of Titan Energy Worldwide, Inc. (“Titan”), a Minneapolis-headquartered provider of sales and service for commercial and industrial-scale onsite power systems, including generators and associated switching equipment. By December 31, 2014, the Company had acquired 100% ownership of Titan.  The Company funded the acquisition through a new term loan provided under its U.S. credit facilities and the issuance of shares of its common stock to former convertible preferred stock holders and note holders of Titan.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for the Titan acquisition and presents the allocation of the amount to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of December 2, 2014 (in thousands):

The Company determined the purchase price allocation based on estimates of the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Fair value estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can impact the Company’s results of operations.

Management utilized recognized valuation techniques, including the income approach and cost approach for the net assets acquired, in addition to relying on asset appraisals.

The Company reports Titan results of operations in the Critical Power segment for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015.

The major classes of intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Titan, their respective amortization periods, and the amount of amortization expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

All of the goodwill and intangibles arising out of the Titan acquisition are amortizable for tax purposes.

The Company incurred $0.7 million of transaction, due diligence and integration costs during the year ended December 31, 2014 that are reflected in the Company’s results as a period expense. These costs included pre-acquisition due diligence costs, transaction and integration costs and are included in the Company’s other expense in its statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014.

2015 Acquisitions

On January 16, 2015, the Company, through its Jefferson Electric, Inc. subsidiary, acquired substantially all the assets of Harmonics Holdings Inc. (“Harmonics”), consisting primarily of intellectual property, forgiveness of debt, accounts receivable and machinery and equipment. Harmonics is a Connecticut-based specialty provider of equipment that incorporates a patented technology for the elimination of harmonic currents in power distribution systems. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the Company funded the acquisition from available cash on hand and forgiveness of debt.

On August 1, 2015, the Company, through its Pioneer Custom Electrical Products Corp. subsidiary, acquired substantially all the assets comprising the business of Pacific Power Systems Integration, Inc. (“Pacific”). Located in Santa Fe Springs, California, Pacific is a manufacturer of low and medium voltage switchgear, primarily serving customers in the oil refining, mass transit and utility sectors. The transaction was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and the Company funded the cash consideration for the acquisition with debt drawn under one of the Company’s revolving credit facilities.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for the Harmonics and Pacific acquisitions and presents the allocation of the amount to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of January 16, 2015 and August 1, 2015, respectively (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2015, the company has finalized the purchase price allocation for Harmonics, while the Pacific allocation presented above is preliminary.

The acquisitions resulted in the recognition of goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the purchase prices exceeded the net tangible asset values, and reflects the future net income and cash flow potential of the acquired businesses.

The major classes of intangible assets arising from the acquisition of Harmonics and Pacific, their respective amortization periods, and the amount of amortization expense recognized during the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

The Company incurred approximately $13 of transaction costs related to the Harmonics acquisition, and $43 related to the Pacific acquisition, during the year ended December 31, 2015 that are reflected in the Company’s statement of operations as a period expense.

The Company reports Harmonics and Pacific results of operations in the T&D Solutions segment for the year ended December 31, 2015.

4. RESTRUCTURING AND IMPAIRMENT

During the second quarter of 2015, the Company began evaluating improvement strategies intended to reorganize, simplify and cut costs from operations through closer business integration, pursuant to a restructuring and integration plan to be carried out in stages and completed by mid-2016.

In August 2015, management finalized and commenced execution of its plan, which includes a consolidation of the Company’s six manufacturing facilities into three locations, workforce reductions, staff relocations and measures to more closely align product lines and supply chains across business units, among other actions that have and will result in the recognition of certain restructuring, integration and impairment expenses.

The following is a summary of the components of restructuring, integration and impairment expenses, before taxes, during the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands):

Employee severance and related costs consists of retention pay and severance benefits. Lease termination and other facility costs include contract termination and exit costs. Business integration expenses include inventory obsolescence as a result of product line integration, travel, and third-party information technology costs. Asset impairments includes the write-down of the Company’s Canadian dry-type transformer facility, excess machinery and equipment held for sale in preparation for the plant consolidations, and certain intangible assets associated with products the Company no longer expects to continue to produce and sell. Other costs consist primarily of legal expenses incurred in connection with implementing the restructuring plan.

Charges associated with each action were included in restructuring, integration and impairment expenses in our consolidated operating statement, and reflected in our table of Operating Income (Loss) by segment group in Note 13 – Business Segment and Geographic Information.

The components and changes in the Company’s restructuring liability were as follows:

5. OTHER EXPENSE

Other expense in the consolidated statements of operations during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands):

During 2015, the Company recognized a charge of approximately $1.5 million representing estimated accrued interest and potential penalties for failure to timely file employer’s federal payroll tax returns and make required payments thereon for all payroll periods beginning on and after January 1, 2014.  Immediately upon discovery of the delinquency in October 2015, the Company contacted the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) which confirmed that no delinquency notices had been sent, nor were there any collection proceedings underway. In November 2015, the Company filed all past due payroll tax returns with the IRS and became timely in the remittance of its current period payroll tax obligations.

The Company intends to pay the interest portion of the assessment when a definitive statement is received from the IRS. Due to the circumstances that led to the failure to file and make payments, the Company has submitted a request to the IRS for the penalties to be abated. To the extent its request may be accepted, then any penalties that have been recognized and subsequently overturned will be reflected in the Company’s other expense in its consolidated statements of operations.

The Company analyzed the amount of penalties and interest that would have been accrued in each reporting period had the compliance failure been known, and determined that the amounts were not material to any one reporting period’s results or year ending December 31, 2015.

6. INVENTORIES

The components of inventories are summarized below (in thousands):

Included in raw materials and finished goods are goods in transit of approximately $2.1 million in 2015 and $0.1 million in 2014. Additionally, $0.8 million of inventory was written off due to restructuring.

7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment are summarized below (in thousands ):

Depreciation expense was $1.3 million in 2015 and $1.3 million in 2014.

Additionally, $2.4 million of property, plant and equipment was written off due to restructuring.

8. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level annually and if necessary, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In 2015, the Company changed its annual testing date from December 31 to October 1. The Company believes this change in the method of applying an accounting principle is preferable, as it will alleviate the resource constraints that historically existed during the fourth quarter. This change in annual testing date does not delay, accelerate, or avoid an impairment charge.

We tested goodwill for impairment using a quantitative analysis consisting of a two-step approach. The first step of our quantitative analysis consists of a comparison of the carrying value of our reporting units, including goodwill, to the estimated fair value of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow methodology. If step one results in the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeding the fair value of such reporting unit, we would then proceed to step two which would require us to calculate the amount of impairment loss, if any, that we would record for such reporting unit. The calculation of the impairment loss in step two would be equivalent to the reporting unit's carrying value of goodwill less the implied fair value of such goodwill.

In 2014, the Company’s annual impairment test resulted in an assessment that the carrying value of its Bemag reporting unit exceeded its fair value. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.4 million, of which $1.2 million related to goodwill and $0.2 million related to certain finite-lived intangible assets. These charges were assessed and recorded in goodwill impairment expense and intangible asset impairment expense on the consolidated statements of operations on December 31, 2014 in the Company’s T&D Solutions segment. As of December 31, 2014, the remaining carrying value of intangible assets in the Bemag reporting unit was $0.8 million, consisting of intangible assets including customer relationships, trademarks, certain industry accreditations and a non-compete agreement. As a result of the Company’s decision to gradually discontinue using the reporting unit’s trademarks in favor of “Pioneer Transformers,” the Company will begin amortizing the trademark asset, valued at approximately $0.2 million, on a straight-line basis over a period of two years.

The Bemag reporting unit had lower sales and cash flows in the fourth quarter and for the year than previously projected. The goodwill and intangibles impairments were driven primarily by a downturn in Canada’s natural resource sector and expected capital spending on products manufactured by the reporting unit. This downturn accelerated dramatically during the fourth quarter of 2014 as measured by the price of oil, and a devaluation of the Canadian dollar, the latter of which directly resulted in higher costs for the reporting unit’s key raw material inputs. These developments in the fourth quarter, coupled with increased competition and higher bad debt expense related to customer insolvencies, also followed a $3.0 million investment by the Company to expand the reporting unit’s facilities and production capacity that was completed in 2013. Accordingly, the Company’s revised its outlook and valuation of the reporting unit, and the consequential impairment charges reflect an updated forecast that assumes a slower rate of revenue growth and lower near-term profit margins than anticipated at the time the reporting unit was acquired in 2011.

In 2015, due to relocation of Bemag, the company recorded an impairment charge of $404, consisting of $261 and $143 for customer relationship and technology-related industry accreditations, respectively. During the planning of the relocation of the Bemag production to Reynosa, the following was determined: 1- the product offering would be built to the specifications of the Jefferson UL/CSA files, rendering Bemag’s files impaired; and 2 – the move to Reynosa would have an adverse impact on the customers being serviced by Bemag, due to the increase in shipping time from Reynosa versus the shipping time from Farnham, QC. This increase in shipping time would cause customers to order from competitors. Thus, the customer relationships were viewed as impaired and written off. 

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

Changes in intangible asset balances for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following (in thousands):