Planet Green Holdings Corp. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No. 001-34449

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Suite 200, 9841 Washingtonian Blvd
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(202) 891-8907
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock as of November 13, 2019 was 7,877,765.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the factors described in the section captioned “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “would” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Use of Certain Defined Terms

Except where the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY/(DEFICIENCY)

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND 2018

(Stated in US Dollars)

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company” or “PLAG”), a Nevada corporation, engages in the business of growing, developing, manufacturing, and marketing fresh foods, spices, convenience foods and tea products through its subsidiaries and VIEs in China.

Method of accounting

Management has prepared the accompanying financial statements and these notes in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Company, and its subsidiaries, which are listed below:

Management has eliminated all significant inter-company balances and transactions in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Ownership interests of subsidiaries that the Company does not wholly own are accounted for as non-controlling interests.

On May 18, 2018, the Company incorporated Planet Green Holdings Corporation, a limited company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. On September 28, 2018, the Company acquired Lucky Sky HK and Shanghai Xunyang, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated in Shanghai, China. The formation and acquisition of these companies was to implement the Company’s restructuring plans.

In December 2018, the Company was no longer able to exercise significant influence over Beijing Lorain, and management did not believe that the Company would be able recover the value of its investment; accordingly, the Company recognized full impairment of its investment in Beijing Lorain.

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity

VIEs are entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision-making ability. Any VIE with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. Management makes ongoing reassessments of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of its VIEs.

On September 28, 2018, the Company entered into a series of VIE agreements with Shandong Greenpia, Luotian Lorain, Taishan Muren, and Shenzhen Lorain and their shareholders, pursuant to which, Company obtained substantial control over these entities’ daily operations and financial affairs.

On September 27, 2018, the Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Beijing Lorain. However, the Company does not have significant influence over Beijing Lorain and Beijing Lorain was accounted for as equity method investment.

In December 2018, the Company’s management determined that it would discontinue the operations of Shandong Greenpia and Luotian Lorain. Accordingly, the Company has recorded full impairment related to the value of those assets.

On May 14, 2019, the Company entered into a series of VIE agreements with Xianning Bozhuang and its equity holders to obtain control and become the primary beneficiary of Xianning Bozhuang. The Company consolidated Xianning Bozhuang’s accounts as its VIE. 

On August 12, 2019, through Lucky Sky HK, the Company established Lucky Sky Petrochemical, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated in Xianning City, Hubei Province, China.

Discontinued operations

In the first quarter of 2018, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) resolved to discontinue the operations of Junan Hongrun Foodstuff Co. Ltd.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Board resolved to discontinue the operations of Beijing Lorain, Luotian Lorain, and Shandong Greenpia.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Investment securities

The Company classifies securities it holds for investment purposes into trading or available-for-sale. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. All securities not included in trading securities are classified as available-for-sale.

Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in the net income. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale securities are excluded from net income and are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific-identification basis.

A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged as an expense to the statement of income and comprehensive income and a new cost basis for the security is established. To determine whether impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year end, and forecasted performance of the investee.

Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognized and carried at the original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtful accounts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods which are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, inbound shipping costs, and allocated overhead. The Company applies the weighted average cost method to its inventory.

Advances and prepayments to suppliers

The Company makes advance payment to suppliers and vendors for the procurement of raw materials. Upon physical receipt and inspection of the raw materials from suppliers the applicable amount is reclassified from advances and prepayments to suppliers to inventory.

Plant and equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0% to 10%. The estimated useful lives of the plant and equipment are as follows:

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are recognized to expenses as incurred; significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows: 

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment represent direct and indirect acquisition and construction costs for plants, and costs of acquisition and installation of related equipment. Amounts classified as construction in progress and prepayments for equipment are transferred to plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Depreciation is not provided for assets classified in this account.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. The Company conducts an annual assessment of its goodwill for impairment. If the carrying value of its goodwill exceeds its fair value, then impairment has incurred; accordingly, a charge to the Company’s results of operations will be recognized during the period. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted expected future cash flow analysis.

Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets

The Company annually reviews its long-lived assets for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may be the result of becoming obsolete from a change in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate the adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Statutory reserves

Statutory reserves are referring to the amount appropriated from the net income in accordance with laws or regulations, which can be used to recover losses and increase capital, as approved, and are to be used to expand production or operations. PRC laws prescribe that an enterprise operating at a profit must appropriate and reserve, on an annual basis, an amount equal to 10% of its profit. Such an appropriation is necessary until the reserve reaches a maximum that is equal to 50% of the enterprise’s PRC registered capital.

Foreign currency translation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currencies of the Company are the Renminbi (“RMB”). The Company’s assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars from RMB at year-end exchange rates, and its revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies and all foreign exchange transactions must be conducted through authorized financial institutions.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of arrangement exists, the price has been fixed or is determinable, the delivery has been completed and no other significant obligations of the Company exists, and collectability of payment is reasonably assured. Payments received prior to all of the foregoing criteria are recorded as customer deposits. Recorded revenue is derived from the value of goods invoiced less value-added tax (VAT).

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and handling

All outbound shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and development

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to the either expenses as incurred or allocated to inventory as part of overhead.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach and allows for recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization is uncertain.

Comprehensive income

The Company uses Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 220, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except the changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders due to investments by stockholders.

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive effects of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warrants are calculated using the treasury stock method. Securities that are potentially an anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815.

Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

Unaudited interim financial information

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and the rules and regulations of the SEC that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

The consolidated balance sheets and certain comparative information as of December 31, 2018 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Annual Financial Statements”), included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2018 Annual Financial Statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment. The updated guidance eliminates Step 2 of the impairment test, which requires entities to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, determined in Step 1. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the financial statements of this guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB amended the existing accounting standards for business combinations. The amendments clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

The Company is evaluating the timing and the impact of the aforesaid guidance on the financial statements.

Restricted cash represents interest bearing deposits placed with banks to secure banking facilities in the form of loans and notes payable. The funds are restricted from immediate use and are designated for settlement of loans or notes when they become due.

The Company extends credit terms of 15 to 60 days to the majority of its domestic customers, which include third-party distributors, supermarkets and wholesalers.

Inventories consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018

Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $ 339,549 and $250,591, respectively.

Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $199,532 and $24,291, respectively.

On May 9, 2019, the Company and Shanghai Xunyang, a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a share exchange agreement with Xianning Bozhuang, and its shareholders, pursuant to which, among other things and subject to the terms and conditions contained therein, Shanghai Xunyang agreed to effect an acquisition of Xianning Bozhuang by acquiring from Xianning Bozhuang’s shareholders all of the outstanding equity interests of Xianning Bozhuang. On May 14, 2019, the Company closed the acquisition.

Pursuant to the share exchange agreement, in exchange for the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity interests of Xianning Bozhuang by the Shanghai Xunyang, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,080,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company to Xianning Bozhuang’s shareholders. At the closing of the acquisition, the Company entered into a lock-up agreement with the Sellers with respect to the Exchange Shares, pursuant to which Xianning Bozhuang’s shareholders agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to transfer the exchange shares, or publicly disclose the intention to do so, from the closing of the acquisition until the first anniversary of the closing.

On June 17, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which five individuals residing in the PRC agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $5,460,000, representing a purchase price of $4.20 per share. The purchase agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the Company and customary closing conditions. The financing closed on June 19, 2019.

All of the Company’s continuing operations are located in the PRC. The corporate income tax rate in the PRC is 25%.

The following tables provide the reconciliation of the differences between the statutory and effective tax expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Per Share Effect of Tax Exemption

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate was as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

During the year ended December 31, 2016, Taishan Muren entered into four operating lease agreements leasing two plots of land where biological assets are grown, two offices, and farming facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Taishan Muren entered into three operating lease agreements leasing three additional plots of land where biological assets are grown.

As of the date of this report, the leases of the Company are as follows:

The minimum future lease payments for these properties at September 30, 2019 are as follows:

The outstanding lease commitments for the leases listed above as of September 30, 2019 was $2,511,333.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842).” The new standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets (right of use) and lease obligations (lease liability) for leases previously classified as operating leases under GAAP on the balance sheet for leases with terms in excess of 12 months. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is assessing the impact of the adoption of the new standard.

Other expenses consisted of the following:

The Company’s deposits are made with banks located in the PRC. They do not carry federal deposit insurance and may be subject to loss of the banks become insolvent.

Since the Company’s inception, the age of account receivables has been less than one year indicating that the Company is subject to minimal risk borne from credit extended to customers.

The Company is subject to interest rate risk when short term loans become due and require refinancing.

The Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC.

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

The Company has procured environmental licenses required by the PRC government. The Company has both a water treatment facility for water used in its production process and secure transportation to remove waste off site. In the event of an accident, the Company has purchased insurance to cover potential damage to employees, equipment, and local environment.

Management of the Company monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted the Company’s financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of raw materials and labor that cannot be passed to the Company’s customers could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.

On October 25, 2019, Mr. Hongxiang Yu tendered his resignation as Chief Executive Officer of Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) to the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of the Company, effective immediately. Mr. Yu’s resignation was for personal reasons and was not due to any disagreement with the Company. Mr. Yu will continue to serve as a member of the Board.

To fill the vacancy created by Mr. Yu’s resignation, the Board appointed Mr. Bin Zhou to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in addition to his current role as a member of the Board, effective October 25, 2019.

Bin Zhou, age 29, has served as a director of the Company since May 2019. He has served as chairman of the board of directors of Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd. since March 2019. Mr. Zhou was the general manager and legal representative of Hubei Qianding Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., a mechanical equipment manufacturing company, from March 2016 to March 2019. He also served as supervisor of Hubei Henghao Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., a real estate development company, from April 2014 to June 2018. Mr. Zhou received his Bachelor of Law degree from National Judges College in Beijing, China.

The Company and Mr. Zhou have entered into an employment agreement (the “Employment Agreement”) setting forth the terms and conditions of Mr. Zhou's employment as Chief Executive Officer. The principal term of his employment includes an annual base salary of $96,000. The Employment Agreement has a duration of one year, subject to renewal. Should Mr. Zhou be terminated for cause, or by reason of death or disability, or resign without good reason (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement), Mr. Zhou shall be entitled to receive his base salary through the end of his employment and such other compensation and benefits as may be provided in applicable plans and programs of the Company. Should Mr. Zhou be terminated without cause (other than due to death or disability) or resign for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement), he shall be entitled to receive continuation of his base salary for three months following of the end of his employment.

The foregoing summary of the Employment Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Employment Agreement, a copy of which is filed herewith as Exhibit 10.1 and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

There are no family relationships between Mr. Zhou and any director, executive officer, or person nominated or chosen by the Company to become an executive officer of the Company. There are no transactions between the Company and Mr. Zhou that are subject to disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

Overview

Our primary operations are conducted in the PRC through our VIEs:

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

The following table summarizes the results of our operations during the three-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) from the three month period ended September 30, 2019 compared to the three month period ended September 30, 2018.

(All amounts, other than percentages, stated in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Revenue

Net Revenues. Our net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2019 amounted to $0.67 million, which represents a decrease of approximately $0.07 million, or 10%, from the three-month period ended on September 30, 2018, in which our net revenue was $0.74 million. This decrease was attributable to the disposal of certain of our historical subsidiaries.

Cost of Revenues. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we experienced an increase in cost of revenue of $0.05 million, in comparison to the three months ended September 30, 2018, from approximately $0.57 million to $0.63 million, reflecting an increase of 9%.This increase was related to our new VIEs, Taishan Muren, Xianning Bozhuang, and disposal and discontinue of certain subsidiaries.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit decreased by $0.13 million, or 74%, to $0.04 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $0.17 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, attributable to the disposal of certain of our historical subsidiaries and acquisition of Taishan Muren and Xianning Bozhuang.

Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses remained the same for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in the amount of $0.09 million.

General and Administrative Expenses. We experienced an increase in general and administrative expense of $2.29 million from $0.74 million to approximately $3.03 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. This cost increase was caused by provision for bad debts. 

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $49.80 million, or 106%, to $2.96 million net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2019 from $46.84 million net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018.Such decrease was primarily the result of disposal and discontinuance of certain subsidiaries and provision for bad debts.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

The following table summarizes the results of our operations during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or decrease from the nine-month period ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine month period ended September 30, 2018.

(All amounts, other than percentages, stated in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Revenue

Net Revenues. Our net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 amounted to $2.6 million, which represents an increase of approximately $0.13 million, or 6%, from the nine-month period ended on September 30, 2018, in which our net revenue was $2.46 million. This increase was attributable to the disposal of certain of our historical subsidiaries and acquisition of Taishan Muren and Xianning Bozhuang.

Cost of Revenues. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we experienced an increase in cost of revenue of $0.56 million, in comparison to the nine months ended September 30, 2018, from approximately $1.62 million to $2.18 million, reflecting an increase of 35%. This increase was related to our new VIEs, Taishan Muren, Xianning Bozhuang, and disposal and discontinue of certain subsidiaries.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit decreased by $0.42 million, or 50%, to $0.42 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $0.84 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, attributable to the disposal of certain of our historical subsidiaries and acquisition of Taishan Muren and Xianning Bozhuang.

Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses decreased by $0.34 million, or 55%, to $0.28 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $0.62 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease of our selling and marketing expenses is mainly due to a decrease in sales activities because sales generated from our existing clients had been steady.

General and Administrative Expenses. We experienced an increase in general and administrative expense of $2.14 million from $1.48 million to approximately $3.62 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This cost increase was caused by provision for bad debts. 

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $49.99 million, or 107%, to $3.27 million net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from $46.72 million net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.Such decrease was primarily the result of provision for bad debts and disposal and discontinuance of certain subsidiaries.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In the reporting period in 2019, our primary sources of financing have been cash generated from operations and private placements. We raised funds in the following private placement in the second quarter of 2019:

On June 17, 2019, we entered into a securities purchase agreement, pursuant to which five individuals residing in the PRC agreed to purchase an aggregate of 1,300,000 shares of the our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $5,460,000, representing a purchase price of $4.20 per Share.

General

Management anticipates that our existing capital resources and anticipated cash flows from operations are adequate to satisfy our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. Our primary capital needs have been to fund our working capital requirements. In the past, our primary sources of financing have been cash generated from operations and financing activities.

As of September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) of $2.70 million. The debt to assets ratio was 32.7% and 57.6% as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We expect to continue to finance our operations and working capital needs in 2019 from cash generated from operations and, if needed, private financings. If available liquidity is not sufficient to meet our operating and loan obligations as they come due, our plans include pursuing alternative financing arrangements or reducing expenditures as necessary to meet our cash requirements. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or reduce discretionary spending to provide liquidity, if needed. We cannot be sure of the availability or terms of any alternative financing arrangements.

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report.

Cash Flow (In thousands)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.9 million and $8.4 million for the nine months periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to increase of $0.3 million in accounts and other receivables, decrease of $2.9 million in payables and other current liabilities, increase of $1.3 million in prepayments and other current assets.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months period ended September 30, 2019 was $0.07 million, representing a decrease of $5.4 million in net cash used in investing activities from $5.4 million for the same period of 2018. This is mainly due to reduced investment in fixed assets.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months period ended September 30, 2019 was $8.7 million, representing a decrease of $5.2 million in net cash provided by financing activities from $13.9 million for the same period of 2018. This is mainly due to reduced financing.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We consider our critical accounting policies to be those that require significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of financial statements, including those set forth in Note 2 to the financial statements included herein.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance arrangements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a(15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2019, and as of the date that the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was completed, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the continuing material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

The material weakness and significant deficiency identified by our management as of September 30, 2019 relates to the ability of the Company to record transactions and provide disclosures in accordance with GAAP. We did not have sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with an appropriate level of experience in the application of GAAP commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. For example, our staff members do not hold licenses such as Certified Public Accountant or Certified Management Accountant in the United States, have not attended United States institutions for training as accountants, and have not attended extended educational programs that would provide sufficient relevant education relating to GAAP. Our staff will require substantial training to meet the demands of a U.S. public company and our staff’s understanding of the requirements of GAAP-based reporting is inadequate.

We plan to provide GAAP training sessions to our accounting team. The training sessions will be organized to help our corporate accounting team gain experience in GAAP reporting and to enhance their awareness of new and emerging pronouncements with potential impact over our financial reporting. We plan to continue to recruit experienced and professional accounting and financial personnel and participate in educational seminars, tutorials, and conferences and employ more qualified accounting staff in future.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation performed during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations Over Internal Controls.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We are a smaller reporting company and accordingly we are not required to provide information required by this Item.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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