PLUS THERAPEUTICS, INC. - Quarter Report: 2017 June (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                 to                 

Commission file number 001-34375

CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 458-0900

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one).

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financing accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of August 1, 2017, there were 34,716,318 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and par value data)

SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

SEE NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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CYTORI THERAPEUTICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2017

(UNAUDITED)

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements as of June 30, 2017 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements.  Our consolidated condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at December 31, 2016, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of Cytori Therapeutics, Inc., and our subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) have been included.  Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes therein included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2017.

On May 10, 2016, following stockholder and Board approval, an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended was filed and declared effective, which Amendment effectuated a one-for-fifteen (1:15) reverse stock split of the Company’s (i) outstanding common stock, and (ii) common stock reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants and options (the “1:15 Reverse Stock Split”).  Upon effectiveness of the 1:15 Reverse Stock Split, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock (x) issued  and  outstanding  decreased from  approximately  200 million  shares  (as of May 10, 2016) to  approximately  13.3  million  shares; (y) reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants and options decreased from approximately 16 million shares to approximately 1.1 million shares, and (z) reserved but unallocated under our current equity incentive plans (including the stockholder-approved share increase to the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan) decreased from approximately 6.5 million common shares to approximately 0.4 million common shares. In connection with the 1:15 Reverse Stock Split, the Company also decreased the total number of its authorized shares of common stock from 290 million to 75 million. The number of authorized shares of preferred stock remained unchanged. Following the 1:15 Reverse Stock Split, certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods’ financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation. The Company adjusted stockholders’ equity to reflect the 1:15 Reverse Stock Split by reclassifying an amount equal to the par value of the shares eliminated by the split from common stock to the Additional Paid-in Capital during the first quarter of fiscal 2016, resulting in no net impact to stockholders' equity on our consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s shares of common stock commenced trading on a split-adjusted basis on May 12, 2016. Proportional adjustments for the reverse stock split were made to the Company's outstanding stock options, warrants and equity incentive plans for all periods presented.

Reclassifications

Certain immaterial reclassifications have been made to certain of the prior years’ consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Recently Issued and Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the amendment of which addressed narrow-scope improvements to the guidance on collectability, noncash consideration, and completed contracts at transition as well as providing a practical expedient for contract modifications. In April 2016, March 2016 and December 2016 the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, ASU No. 2016-08 and ASU No. 2016-20, respectively, the amendments of which further clarified aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing and implementation guidance, improvements to the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations and contract cost clarifications. The FASB issued the initial release of Topic 606 in ASU No. 2014-09, which requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Entities may use a full retrospective approach or report the cumulative effect as of the date of adoption. On July 9, 2015, the FASB voted to defer the effective date by one year to December 15, 2017 for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after that date. Early adoption of ASU 2016-10 is permitted but not before the original effective date (annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017). We performed a preliminary assessment of the impact of ASU 2014-09 and related

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amendments on the consolidated financial statements, and considered all items outlined in the standard. In assessing the impact, we have outlined all revenue generating activities, mapped those activities to deliverables and traced those deliverables to the standard. We are currently assessing what impact the change in standard will have on those deliverables. We will continue to evaluate the future impact and method of adoption of ASU 2014-09 and related amendments on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures throughout 2017. We will adopt the new standard beginning January 2018.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. Under this new guidance, at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize (i) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis and (ii) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. This guidance is not applicable for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments, which addresses the following eight specific cash flow issues: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies (including bank-owned life insurance policies); distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. As a result, entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this standard will change the presentation of our statement of cash flows to include our restricted cash balance with the non-restricted cash balances. We do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, to simplify how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.  We are currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to provide clarity and reduce both 1) diversity in practice and 2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award.  ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017.  Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period.  The amendments in ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date.  We do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This update applies to companies that measure inventory on a first in, first out, or FIFO, or average cost basis. Under this update, companies are to measure their inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion. The amendments in this update are effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2016 with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The adoption, effective January 1, 2017, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which involves several aspects of the accounting for stock-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of

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awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This new guidance will require all income tax effects of awards to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled, as opposed to additional paid-in-capital where it is currently recorded. It also will allow an employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting. All tax-related cash flows resulting from stock-based payments are to be reported as operating activities on the statement of cash flows. The guidance also allows a Company to make a policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur. This new standard is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to keep our policy consistent for the application of a forfeiture rate and, as such, the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies and provides a more robust framework to use in determining when a set of assets and activities is a business. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted for acquisition or deconsolidation transactions occurring before the issuance date or effective date and only when the transactions have not been reported in issued or made available for issuance financial statements. We elected to early adopt the new guidance effective January 1, 2017 and this guidance was used in our assessment of the Azaya Therapeutics asset purchase agreement entered into in February 2017.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  Our most significant estimates and critical accounting policies involve recognizing revenue, reviewing goodwill and intangible assets for impairment, determining the assumptions used in measuring share-based compensation expense, measuring expense related to our in process research and development acquisition, and valuing allowances for doubtful accounts and inventory reserves.

Actual results could differ from these estimates. Management’s estimates and assumptions are reviewed regularly, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the periods they are determined to be necessary.

We incurred net losses of $6.0 million and $13.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, and $6.4 million and $11.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.  We have an accumulated deficit of $392.7 million as of June 30, 2017.  Additionally, we have used net cash of $9.9 million and $10.7 million to fund our operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Further, the Loan and Security Agreement, with Oxford Finance, LCC (“Oxford”), as further described in Note 5, requires us to maintain a minimum of $5.0 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand to avoid an event of default under the Loan and Security Agreement. Based on our cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $9.0 million at June 30, 2017, and our obligation to make payments of principal of $0.6 million plus accrued interest in monthly installments, we estimate that we must raise additional capital and/or obtain a waiver or restructure the Loan and Security Agreement in September 2017 to avoid defaulting under our $5.0 million minimum cash/cash equivalents covenant.

To date, these operating losses have been funded primarily from outside sources of invested capital including our recently completed underwritten public offering, Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) and the Rights Offering (each defined below), our at-the-market (“ATM”) equity facility, the Loan and Security Agreement and gross profits.  We have had, and we will continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our future clinical development programs and other operations. Our inability to raise additional cash will have a material and adverse impact on operations and will cause us to default on our loan.

On April 11, 2017, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC “Maxim”) relating to the issuance and sale of 8.6 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The price to the public in this offering was $1.10 per share. Maxim agreed to purchase the shares from us pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $1.0395 per share. The net proceeds to us from the offering were approximately $8.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The offering closed on April 17, 2017. In addition, under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, we granted Maxim a 45-day option to purchase up to 944,000 additional shares of common stock. On May 31, 2017, Maxim exercised their overallotment option and purchased

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849,000 shares at $1.10 per share. The net proceeds to us were $0.8 million, after deducting underwriting costs and offering expenses payable by us.

On June 15, 2016, the Company closed a Rights Offering originally filed under Form S-1 registration statement in April 2016. Pursuant to the Rights Offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 6,704,852 units consisting of a total of 6,704,852 shares of common stock and 3,352,306 warrants, with each warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $3.06 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds to Cytori of $17.1 million. See Note 12 for further discussion on the June 2016 Rights Offering.

Should we be unable to raise additional cash from outside sources, this will have an adverse impact on our operations.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to its ability to continue as a going concern.

Under our Joint Venture Termination Agreement (“Termination Agreement”), dated May 8, 2013, with Olympus Corporation (“Olympus”), we were required to pay Olympus a total purchase price of $6.0 million within two years of the date of the Termination Agreement. Pursuant to amendments to the Joint Venture Termination Agreement, dated April 30, 2015 and January 8, 2016, the Company’s repayment obligations were extended through May 8, 2016.  We made payments under the Termination Agreement totaling approximately $4.2 million through December 31, 2015, as well as separate payments of $0.5 million each in January 2016 and April 2016, and paid the remaining balance of $0.8 million before the May 8, 2016 due date. There were no outstanding obligations to Olympus as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

On May 29, 2015, we entered into the Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 29, 2015, with Oxford, pursuant to which it funded an aggregate principal amount of $17.7 million (“Term Loan”), subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Loan and Security Agreement. The Term Loan accrues interest at a floating rate of at least 8.95% per annum, comprised of three-month LIBOR rate with a floor of 1.00% plus 7.95%.  Pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement, we were previously required to make interest only payments through June 1, 2016 and thereafter we were required to make payments of principal and accrued interest in equal monthly installments sufficient to amortize the Term Loan through June 1, 2019, the maturity date. On February 23, 2016, we received an acknowledgement and agreement from Oxford related to the positive data on our U.S. ACT-OA clinical trial. As a result, pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement, the period for which we are required to make interest-only payments was extended from July 1, 2016 to January 1, 2017. All unpaid principal and interest with respect to the Term Loan is due and payable in full on June 1, 2019. At maturity of the Term Loan, or earlier repayment in full following voluntary prepayment or upon acceleration, we are required to make a final payment in an aggregate amount equal to approximately $1.1 million. In connection with the Term Loan, on May 29, 2015, we issued to Oxford warrants to purchase an aggregate of 94,441 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $10.35 per share. These warrants became exercisable as of November 30, 2015 and will expire on May 29, 2025 and, following the authoritative accounting guidance, are equity classified and its respective fair value was recorded as a discount to the debt.

The Term Loan is collateralized by a security interest in substantially all of the Company’s existing and subsequently acquired assets, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Loan and Security Agreement and excluding its intellectual property assets, which are subject to a negative pledge. The minimum liquidity covenant is $5.0 million. As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all of the debt covenants under the Loan and Security Agreement.  

Our interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0.5 million and $1.1 million and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 was $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Interest expense is calculated using the effective interest method, therefore it is inclusive of non-cash amortization in the amount of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, related to the amortization of the debt discount, capitalized loan costs, and accretion of final payment.

The Term Loan Agreement contains customary indemnification obligations and customary events of default, including, among other things, our failure to fulfill certain obligations under the Term Loan and the occurrence of a material adverse change, which is defined as a material adverse change in our business, operations, or condition (financial or otherwise), a material impairment of the prospect of repayment of any portion of the loan. In the event of default by us under the Term Loan, the lender would be entitled to exercise its remedies thereunder, including the right to accelerate the debt, upon which we may be required to repay all amounts then outstanding under the Term Loan, which could harm our financial condition. Oxford has not invoked the material adverse change clause.

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Concentration of Significant Customers

Three direct customers comprised 63% of our revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2017.   Two direct customers accounted for 77% of total outstanding accounts receivable (excluding receivables from the Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority, a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“BARDA”)) as of June 30, 2017.

Two distributors and two direct customers comprised 76% of our revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2016.  Two distributors and one direct customer accounted for 75% of total outstanding accounts receivable as of June 30, 2016.

Product revenues, classified by geographic location, are as follows (in thousands):

Research and Development

We earn revenue for performing tasks under research and development agreements with governmental agencies like BARDA. Revenues derived from reimbursement of direct out-of-pocket expenses for research costs associated with government contracts are recorded as government contracts and other within development revenues.  Government contract revenue is recorded at the gross amount of the reimbursement.  The costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of research and development expense in our statements of operations.   We recognized $0.5 million and $1.5 million in BARDA revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to $1.7 million and $3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, determined on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

Basic per share data is computed by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share data is computed by dividing net income or loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased to include, if dilutive, the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding as calculated using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares were related entirely to outstanding but unexercised options and warrants for all periods presented.

We have excluded all potentially dilutive securities, including unvested performance-based restricted stock, from the calculation of diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, as their inclusion would be antidilutive. Potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the calculations of diluted loss per share were 4.9 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, which includes 3.6 million outstanding warrants and 1.3 million options and restricted stock awards. Potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share were 4.2 million and 4.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.

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We have entered into agreements with various research organizations for pre-clinical and clinical development studies, which have provisions for cancellation. Under the terms of these agreements, the vendors provide a variety of services including conducting research, recruiting and enrolling patients, monitoring studies and data analysis. Payments under these agreements typically include fees for services and reimbursement of expenses. The timing of payments due under these agreements is estimated based on current study progress. As of June 30, 2017, we have clinical research study obligations of $2.3 million,      which is expected to be paid within a year.  Should the timing of the clinical trials change, the timing of the payment of these obligations would also change.

We are party to an agreement with Roche Diagnostics Corporation which requires us to make certain product purchase minimums. Pursuant to the agreement, as of June 30, 2017, we have a minimum purchase obligation of $7.5 million, $0.5 million of which is expected to be completed within a year.

We are subject to various claims and contingencies related to legal proceedings.  Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties including, but not limited to, court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental actions.  Management assesses the probability of loss for such contingencies and accrues a liability and/or discloses the relevant circumstances, as appropriate.  Management believes that any liability to us that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations as a whole.  

On February 27, 2017, we entered into a Lease Agreement of office space for our corporate headquarters in San Diego, California (the “Lease”). The initial term of the Lease is 63 months and may be extended upon mutual agreement.  We are scheduled to take possession of the premises on November 1, 2017, unless they are earlier occupied by us or the commencement date is delayed to allow for substantial completion of tenant improvements. In connection with the Lease, we issued a letter of credit, or Letter of Credit, in favor of the Landlord in the initial principal amount of approximately $0.1 million, which Letter of Credit and corresponding restricted cash increased to $0.3 million on June 1, 2017, and will increase to $0.5 million on the commencement date.  The Letter of Credit will remain in effect for the term of the Lease.

In addition to the base rent, we will also be obligated under the Lease to make certain payments for operating expenses, property taxes, insurance, insurance deductibles and other amounts.

On January 27, 2017, we entered into a Lease Agreement of office space for our office in Tokyo, Japan (the “Japan Lease”). The initial term of the Japan Lease is 61 months, and may be extended upon mutual agreement.  The Lease commenced on April 15, 2017.

We lease facilities for our headquarters office location as well as international office locations. As of June 30, 2017, we have remaining lease obligations of $7.5 million, $1.7 million of which are expected to be completed within a year.

Measurements

Fair value measurements are market-based measurements, not entity-specific measurements.  Therefore, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.  We follow a three-level hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used in the valuation techniques to derive fair values.  The basis for fair value measurements for each level within the hierarchy is described below:

As of June 30, 2017, and as of December 31, 2016, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value presented on the Company’s balance sheets.

Financial Instruments

We disclose fair value information about all financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value. The disclosures of estimated fair value of financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, were determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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The carrying amounts for cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Further, based on the borrowing rates currently available for loans with similar terms, we believe the fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

On February 15, 2017 (the “Closing Date”), we completed the acquisition from Azaya Therapeutics, Inc. (“Azaya”) of certain tangible assets which consisted of a research lab, equipment and leasehold improvements and the assumption of certain of liabilities of Azaya, pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”). The book value of the tangible assets acquired was approximately $3.0 million at the acquisition date. The assets acquired are located in a facility rented in San Antonio, TX, by Cytori. In addition, pursuant to the Agreement, we acquired intangible assets comprised of two drug candidates in process research and development (IPR&D) stage (i) ATI-0918, a generic bioequivalent formulation of DOXIL/CAELYX, a chemotherapy drug that is a liposomal formulation of doxorubicin (ATI-0918); and (ii) ATI-1123, a liposomal formulation of docetaxel (ATI-1123).

At the closing of the acquisition, we (i) issued 1,173,241 of shares of our common stock in Azaya’s name, (A) 879,931 of which were delivered to Azaya promptly after the Closing, and (B) 293,310 of which were deposited into a 15-month escrow pursuant to a standard escrow agreement; and (ii) assumed the obligation to pay approximately $1.8 million of Azaya’s existing payables, all of which were paid on or prior to June 30, 2017.  At the Closing Date, Azaya had no employees and therefore no Azaya employees were transitioned to us. 

In addition, as of the Closing Date, the Company committed to certain contingent considerations to: (i) pay Azaya fixed commercialization milestone payments based upon achievement of certain net sales milestones for ATI-0918; (ii) make certain earn-out payments to Azaya equal to a mid-single-digit percentage of net sales of ATI-0918; and (iii) make certain earn-out payments to Azaya equal to a low single-digit percentage of net sales of any product (each a “Patented Product”), including ATI-1123, that practices a claim in the related patent assigned by Azaya to the Company (the “ATI-1123 Patent”).  Our aggregate earn-out payment obligations to Azaya from global net sales of both ATI-0918 and any Patented Product will not exceed $100.0 million (the “Earn-Out Cap”).

Further, the Agreement provides that if we enter into certain assignments, licenses or other transfers of rights to a Patented Product or the ATI-1123 Patent, we will pay Azaya a percentage in the low to mid-teens of the consideration received by us, provided, that our aggregate payment obligation to Azaya for any such assignment, license or other transfer of rights will not exceed $50.0 million.

If the Company or its successors, sublicenses or transferees sells a competing product to ATI-0918 at any time prior to satisfaction of the Earn-Out Cap, other than because ATI-0918 fails to receive marketing authorization from the European Medicines Agency within a certain period of time or fails to generate a minimum threshold of net sales within a pre-determined amount of time, then 50% of the net sales of such competing product would be deemed to be net sales of ATI-0918 under the Agreement for purposes of calculating commercialization milestone payments and earn-out payments.

We accounted for the acquisition as an asset acquisition because the acquired set of assets did not meet the definition of a business. The total consideration of $4.3 million, which consists of $2.3 million related to the fair value of the common stock issued to Azaya at the acquisition date, $1.8 million in assumed liabilities and $0.2 million in acquisition costs, was allocated to the assets acquired based on their relative fair values at the time of acquisition. All other future payments were deemed contingent consideration which will be accounted for when the contingency is resolved and the consideration is paid or becomes payable.

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When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company estimated the cost to replace the tangible asset with a new asset, taking into consideration such factors as age, condition and the economic useful life of the asset. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company used a discounted cash flow model with key inputs being the applicable discount rate, market growth rates and the timing and amount of future cash flows. The acquired IPR&D is in the early stage of development. Additional research, pre-clinical studies, and regulatory approvals must be successfully completed prior to selling any product. Because there is no current alternative use for the IPR&D, following the authoritative accounting guidance, the Company has expensed it in full on the Closing Date. The Company measured the fair value of the shares issued as consideration in the acquisition of the assets based on the stock price at the acquisition date. Transaction costs directly related to the acquisition of the assets have been capitalized. The total consideration was allocated on a relative fair value basis to the assets acquired, as follows (in thousands):

Pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, originally filed on April 6, 2016, as amended (the “Registration Statement”), and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 26, 2016, and related prospectus (as supplemented), the Company registered, offered and sold to its participating stockholders of record as of the announced May 20, 2016 record date, one non-transferable subscription right for each share of common stock held by each stockholder as of the record date (the “Rights Offering”). Each right entitled the holder thereof to purchase one unit at the subscription price of $2.55 per unit, composed of one share of common stock and 0.5 of a warrant, with each whole warrant exercisable to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $3.06 per share for 30 months from the date of issuance.  Pursuant to the Rights Offering, which closed on June 15, 2016, the Company sold an aggregate of 6,704,852 units, resulting in total net proceeds to the Company of $15.3 million.  The warrants issued pursuant to the Rights Offering are currently listed on NASDAQ under the symbol “CYTXW.”  Based on the relevant authoritative accounting guidance, the warrants were equity classified at the issuance date. The warrants may be redeemed by the Company at $0.01 per warrant prior to their expiration if the Company’s common stock closes above $7.65 per share for 10 consecutive trading days.

On December 22, 2016, we entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) pursuant to which we have the right to sell to Lincoln Park and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $20.0 million in amounts of shares, of our common stock, over the 30-month period commencing on the date that a registration statement, which we filed with the SEC in December 2016. We may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, to purchase up to 100,000 shares of common stock on any business day but in no event will the amount of a single Regular Purchase (as defined in the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement) exceed $1.0 million. The purchase price of shares of common stock related to the Regular Purchases will be based on the prevailing market prices of such shares at the time of sales. Our sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement are limited to no more than the number of shares that would result in the beneficial ownership by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, at any single point in time, of more than 9.99% of the then outstanding shares of the common stock. There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement. There is no upper limit on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for common stock under a Regular Purchase or an accelerated purchase and in no event will shares be sold to Lincoln Park on a day our closing price is less than the floor price of $0.50 per share as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. On December 22, 2016, we issued to Lincoln Park 127,419 shares of common stock with a market value on the date of issuance of approximately $0.2 million as commitment shares in consideration for entering into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement. We will issue up to an additional 382,258 shares of common stock on a pro rata basis to Lincoln Park only as and when shares are sold under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement to Lincoln Park. Through June 30, 2017, we sold a total of 103,000 shares under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, for proceeds of approximately $0.2 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we sold 894,050 shares of our common stock under an ATM program, receiving total net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million. During 2016, we sold 1,840,982 shares of our common stock under an ATM program, receiving total net proceeds of approximately $4.4 million.

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On April 11, 2017, we entered into an underwriting agreement with Maxim relating to the issuance and sale of 8.6 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The price to the public in this offering is $1.10 per share. Maxim agreed to purchase the shares from us pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $1.0395 per share. The net proceeds to us from the offering were approximately $8.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The offering closed on April 17, 2017. In addition, under the terms of the underwriting agreement, we granted Maxim a 45-day overallotment option to purchase up to 944,000 additional shares of common stock. On May 31, 2017, Maxim exercised their overallotment option and purchased 849,000 shares at $1.10 per share. The net proceeds to us were $0.8 million, after deducting underwriting costs and offering expenses payable by us.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) includes the following sections:

You should read this MD&A in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes in Item 1 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. securities laws.  All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate and similar expressions or future conditional verbs such as will, should, would, could or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are based upon certain assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate.

These statements include, without limitation, statements about our anticipated expenditures, including research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses; the potential size of the market for our products; future development and/or expansion of our products and therapies in our markets, our ability to generate  product or development revenues and the sources of such revenues; our ability to effectively manage our gross profit margins; our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals; expectations as to our future performance; portions of the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this report, including our potential need for additional financing and the availability thereof; our ability to continue as a going concern; our ability to remain listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market; our ability to repay or refinance some or all of our outstanding indebtedness and our ability to raise capital in the future; and the potential enhancement of our cash position through development, marketing, and licensing arrangements.   Our actual results will likely differ, perhaps materially, from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including: the early stage of our product candidates and therapies, the results of our research and development activities, including uncertainties relating to the clinical trials of our product candidates and therapies; our need and ability to raise additional cash, the outcome of our partnering/licensing efforts, risks associated with  laws or regulatory requirements applicable to us, market conditions, product performance, potential litigation, and competition within the regenerative medicine field, to name a few. The forward-looking statements included in this report are subject to a number of additional material risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risks described under the “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I below, which we encourage you to read carefully.

We encourage you to read the risks described under “Risk Factors” carefully.  We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report.  These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this report (unless an earlier date is indicated) and we undertake no obligation to update or revise the statements except as required by law.  Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results will likely differ, perhaps materially, from those suggested by such forward-looking statements.

This Quarterly report on Form 10-Q refers to trademarks such as Cytori Cell Therapy, Habeo Cell Therapy, Celution StemSource and Cytori Nanomedicine. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this Form 10-Q may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks and tradenames.

Overview

Our strategy is to build a profitable and growing specialty therapeutics company focused on rare and niche opportunities frequently overlooked by larger companies but requiring breadth of scope, expertise and focus often not possessed by or available to smaller companies.  To meet this objective, we have, thus far, identified two therapeutic development platforms, discussed below, and candidate therapeutics in our pipeline that hold promise for many patients and significant market potential. Our current corporate activities fall substantially into one of two key areas related to our two therapeutic development platforms: Cytori Cell Therapy and

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Cytori Nanomedicine. 

Cytori Cell Therapy, or “CCT”, is based on the scientific discovery that the human adipose or fat tissue compartment is a source of a unique mixed population of stem, progenitor and regenerative cells that may hold substantial promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions.  To bring this promise to health providers, we are developing novel therapies prepared and administered at the patient’s bedside with proprietary technologies that include therapy-specific reusable, automated Celution devices and single-use procedure sets consisting of Celution consumables, Celase reagent, and Intravase reagent.  Our lead product candidate, Habeo™ Cell Therapy™, is being evaluated in a U.S. pivotal clinical trial for the treatment of impaired hand function in scleroderma.  On July 24, 2017, we announced top-line, preliminary data from our Phase III pivotal STAR trial of Habeo in patients with scleroderma.  The U.S. multi-center STAR trial enrolled and evaluated 88 patients with scleroderma, including 51 patients within the diffuse cutaneous subset and 37 with limited cutaneous scleroderma.  While the primary and secondary endpoints did not reach statistical significance at 24 or 48 weeks, the trial data reported clinically meaningful improvement in the primary and secondary endpoints of both hand function and scleroderma-associated functional disability, for Habeo treated patients compared to placebo, in the pre-specified subgroup of patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma. Additional CCT treatments are in various stages of development in the areas of immunology, urology, wound healings, and orthopedics.  Further, our CCT platform is the subject of investigator-initiated trials conducted by our partners, licensees and other third parties, some of which are supported by us and/or funded by government agencies and other funding sources.  Currently, we internally manufacture the CCT processing device and procedure sets in the United States. and the United Kingdom and source our Celase and Intravase reagents from a third-party supplier.  We also have obtained regulatory approval to sell some of our CCT products, including our Celution devices and disposable components, in certain markets outside the United States.  In those markets, we have been able to further develop and improve our core technologies, gain expanded clinical and product experience and data, and generate sales.

The Cytori Nanomedicine platform features a liposomal nanoparticle technology for drug encapsulation that has thus far provided the foundation to bring two promising drugs into early/late stage clinical trials.   Nanoparticle encapsulation is promising because it can help improve the trafficking and metabolism of many drugs, thus potentially enhancing the therapeutic profile and patient benefits.  Our lead drug candidate, ATI-0918 is a generic version of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin.  pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin is a heavily relied upon chemotherapeutic used in many cancer types on a global basis.  We believe that data from a 60-patient European study of ATI-0918 has met the statistical criteria for bioequivalence to CAELYX®, the current reference listed drug in Europe.  We intend that these bioequivalence data will serve as a basis for our planned regulatory submission to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, for ATI-0918. We are currently evaluating our options to ATI-0918 in the U.S. market. Our second nanomedicine drug candidate is ATI-1123, a novel and new chemical entity which is a nanoparticle-encapsulated form of docetaxel, also a standard chemotherapeutic drug used for many cancers.  A Phase I clinical trial of ATI-1123 has been completed, and we are investigating possible expansion of this trial to Phase II, potentially in conjunction with a development partner.  In addition, we are early in the long-term research and development of encapsulated regenerative medicine drugs, focused first on the treatment of scleroderma and related connective disorders.  Finally, in connection with our acquisition of the ATI-0918 and ATI-1123 drug candidates, we have acquired know-how (including proprietary processes and techniques) and a scalable nanoparticle manufacturing plant in San Antonio, Texas from which we intend to test, validate and eventually manufacture commercial quantities of our nanoparticle drugs.

Cytori Cell Therapy

The primary near-term goal is for Cytori Cell Therapy to be the first cell therapy to market for the treatment of impaired hand function in scleroderma, through Cytori-sponsored and supported clinical development efforts. The Cytori-sponsored Scleroderma Treatment with Celution Processed Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells, or STAR clinical trial, is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III pivotal clinical trial in the U.S. The purpose of the STAR trial is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single administration of Habeo™ Cell Therapy (formerly named ECCS-50) in patients with scleroderma affecting the hands. The first sites for our STAR trial were initiated in July 2015 and final enrollment of 88 patients was completed in June 2016. As noted above, preliminary assessment of unblinded topline data show that while the primary and secondary endpoints did not reach statistical significance at 24 or 48 weeks, the trial data reported clinically meaningful improvement in the primary and secondary endpoints of both hand function and scleroderma-associated functional disability, for Habeo treated patients compared to placebo, in the subgroup of patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma.

With respect to the remainder of our current cellular therapeutics clinical pipeline:

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In addition to our targeted therapeutic development, we have continued to commercialize our Cytori Cell Therapy technology under select medical device approvals, clearances and registrations to customers in Europe, Japan and other regions. These customers are a mix of research customers evaluating new therapeutic applications of Cytori Cell Therapy and commercial customers, including our licensing partners, distributors, and end user hospitals, clinics and physicians, that use our Celution cell processing system (as further described in “Sales, Marketing and Service” below) mostly for treatment of patients in private pay procedures. In Japan, our largest commercial market, we gained increased utilization of our products in the private pay marketplace in 2016 due to several factors, including increased clarity around the November 2014 Regenerative Medicine Law (implemented in November 2015 as it relates to regenerative medicine products like Cytori Cell Therapy) and we project that our sales of consumable sets and market presence in Japan will continue to grow in 2017.  The sale of Celution devices, procedure sets, and ancillary products contribute a margin that partially offsets our operating expenses and will continue to play a role in fostering familiarity within the medical community with our technology. It also provides us with product and customer feedback.

Habeo Cell Therapy for Impaired Hand Function in Scleroderma and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Scleroderma is a rare and chronic connective tissue disease generally classified as an autoimmune rheumatic disorder. An estimated 300,000 Americans have scleroderma, about one-third of whom have the systemic form of the disease, known as systemic sclerosis (SSc). SSc is further sub-classified as diffuse cutaneous and limited cutaneous SSc. Diffuse subset has more severe disease with significant hand dysfunction and internal organ involvement. Diffuse scleroderma accounts for between one third and one half of all cases of systemic sclerosis. Women are affected four times more frequently than men and the condition is typically detected between the ages of 30 and 50. More than 90% of scleroderma patients are afflicted with hand involvement that is typically progressive and can result in chronic pain, blood flow changes and severe dysfunction. A small number of treatments are occasionally used off-label for hand scleroderma, but they do little to modify disease progression or substantially improve symptoms. Current treatment options are directed at protecting the hands from injury and detrimental environmental conditions as well as the use of vasodilators.  When the disease is advanced, prostanoids, Endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, and immunosuppressants may be used but are often accompanied by side effects.  If these medications are unsuccessful, health providers may perform a sympathectomy to remove nerves to increase blood flow and decrease long-term pain.

SCLERADEC-I is a completed, investigator-initiated, 12-patient, open-label, Phase I pilot trial sponsored by Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, or AP-HM, in Marseille, France. The SCLERADEC I trial received partial support from Cytori. The six-month results were published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases in May 2014 and demonstrated approximately a 50 percent improvement at six months across four important and validated endpoints used to assess the clinical status in patients with scleroderma with impaired hand function. Two-year follow up data in the SCLERADEC I trial was presented at the Systemic Sclerosis World Congress in February 2016 and published in the journal Current Research in Translational Medicine in November 2016 and demonstrated sustained improvement in the following four key endpoints: CHFS, SHAQ, RCS, and hand pain, as assessed by a standard visual analogue scale.

Further, on December 5, 2016, we released topline results for three-year follow-up data showing sustained benefits materially consistent with those shown in two-year data.

In 2014, Drs. Guy Magalon and Brigitte Granel, under the sponsorship of AP-HM, submitted a study for review for a follow-up randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in France using Cytori Cell Therapy, to be supported by us. The trial, named SCLERADEC II, received approval from the French government in April 2015. Enrollment of this trial commenced in October 2015 and is ongoing. The trial is currently approaching 75% enrollment and we expect enrollment to be completed in 2017, approximately one year later than originally projected, due to delays in French regulatory approvals of participating sites. Patients will be followed at six-month post-treatment and compared with placebo treated patients.  Pending the six-month results patients in the placebo group will be eligible for crossover using Habeo cells stored at the time of the initial procedure. This crossover arm will open after all patients have completed six-month follow up.

Based on the results of the SCLERADEC-I trial, we initiated the US-based STAR trial. The STAR trial is a 48-week, 19 site, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled pivotal clinical trial of 88 patients in the U.S. for the treatment of impaired hand

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function in scleroderma. The trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of a single administration of Habeo Cell Therapy in patients with scleroderma affecting the hands and fingers. The STAR trial uses the Cochin Hand Function Scale, or CHFS, a validated measure of hand function, as the primary endpoint measured at 24 weeks and 48 weeks (approximately 6 and 12 months) after a single administration of Habeo Cell Therapy or placebo. Of the 88 patients enrolled in STAR, 51 had diffuse cutaneous scleroderma while 37 had the limited form of the disease.

On July 24, 2017, we announced top-line, preliminary data from the STAR trial. While the primary and secondary endpoints did not reach statistical significance at 24 or 48 weeks, the trial data reported clinically meaningful improvement in the primary and secondary endpoints of both hand function and scleroderma-associated functional disability for Habeo^™ treated patients compared to placebo, in the subgroup of patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma.

In November 2016, the US FDA Office of Orphan Products Development granted Cytori an orphan drug designation for cryopreserved or centrally processed ECCS-50 (Habeo) for scleroderma.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a disease of the entire joint involving the cartilage, joint lining, ligaments and underlying bone. The breakdown of tissue leads to pain, joint stiffness and reduced function. It is the most common form of arthritis and affects an estimated 13.9% of US adults over the age of 25, and 33.6% of U.S. adults over the age of 65. Current treatments include physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, viscosupplement injections, and total knee replacement. A substantial medical need exists as present medications have limited efficacy and joint replacement is a relatively definitive treatment for those with the most advanced disease.

ACT-OA, was a 94-patient, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study involving two doses of Cytori Cell Therapy, a low dose and a high dose, and was conducted over 48 weeks. The randomization was 1:1:1 between the control, low and high dose groups. The trial was completed in June 2015. The goal of this proof-of-concept trial was to help determine: (1) safety and feasibility of the ECCO-50 therapeutic for osteoarthritis, (2) provide dosing guidance and (3) explore key trial endpoints useful for a Phase III trial.

We completed top-line analysis of the final 48-week data in July 2016.  A total of 94 patients were randomized (33 placebo, 30 low dose ECCO-50, 31 high dose ECCO-50). In general, a clear difference between low and high dose ECCO-50 was not observed and therefore the data for both groups have been combined.  We evaluated numerous endpoints that can be summarized as follows:

In summary, the ACT-OA Phase II trial demonstrated feasibility of same day fat harvesting, cell processing and intraarticular administration of autologous ADRCs (ECCO-50) with a potential for a beneficial effect of ECCO-50. The accumulated data and experienced gained will be critical in considering designs of further clinical trials in osteoarthritis and other potential indications.  In addition, we are actively pursuing partnering and commercialization opportunities for ECCO-50 to further develop our knee osteoarthritis program and also to support our growing commercial sales into the knee osteoarthritis market in Japan.  

Stress Urinary Incontinence

Another therapeutic target under evaluation by Cytori led by the University of Nagoya and three other sites and partially supported by the Japanese MHLW, is stress urinary incontinence in men following surgical removal of the prostate gland, which is based on positive data reported in a peer reviewed journal resulting from the use of ADRCs prepared by our Celution System. The ADRESU trial is a 45 patient, investigator-initiated, open-label, multi-center, single arm trial that was approved by the Japanese MHLW in July 2015 and is being led by both Momokazu Gotoh, MD, Ph.D., Professor and Chairman of the Department of Urology and Tokunori Yamamoto, MD, Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Urology at University of Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine. Trial enrollment began in September 2015, and in June 2017, the trial is over 66% enrolled.  This clinical trial is primarily sponsored and funded by the Japanese government, including a grant provided by AMED.

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Cutaneous and Soft Tissue Thermal and Radiation Injuries

We are also developing Cytori Cell Therapy, or DCCT-10, for the treatment of thermal burns. In the third quarter of 2012, we were awarded a contract by BARDA valued at up to $106 million to develop a medical countermeasure for thermal burns. The total award under the BARDA contract has been intended to support all clinical, preclinical, regulatory and technology development activities needed to complete the FDA approval process for use of DCCT-10 in thermal burn injury under a device-based pre-market authorization (“PMA”) regulatory pathway and to provide preclinical data in burn complicated by radiation exposure.

Pursuant to this contract, BARDA initially awarded us approximately $4.7 million over the initial two-year base period to fund preclinical research and continued development of our Celution System to improve cell processing. In August 2014, BARDA determined that Cytori had completed the objectives of the initial phase of the contract, and exercised its first contract option in the amount of approximately $12 million. In December 2014 and September 2016, BARDA exercised additional contract options pursuant to which it provided us with $2.0 million and $2.5 million in supplemental funds, respectively. These additional funds supported continuation of our research, regulatory, clinical and other activities required for submission of an IDE request to the FDA for RELIEF, a pilot clinical trial using DCCT-10 for the treatment of thermal burns. In April 2017, we received approval of an IDE from the FDA to conduct a pilot clinical trial of CCT in patients with thermal burn injuries. This trial is referred to as the RELIEF clinical trial. In May 2017, we announced BARDA’s exercise of Option 2 of up to approximately $13.4 million to fund RELIEF.

In accordance with the terms of the Amendments, BARDA will provide us with reimbursement of costs incurred, plus payment of a fixed fee, in the aggregate amount of up to approximately $13.4 million (the “Funding Amount”).  We are responsible for further costs in excess of the Funding Amount, if any, to meet the objectives of the Pilot Trial. The Amendments also extend the term of the BARDA Agreement and the period of performance of Option 2 of the BARDA Agreement to November 30, 2020.  

Other recent developments for Cytori Cell Therapy

Cytori Nanomedicine

In February 2017, we completed our acquisition of the assets of Azaya Therapeutics, Inc., or Azaya, pursuant to the terms of an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated January 26, 2017.  Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, we acquired equipment, certain intellectual property including, a portfolio of investigational therapies and related assets, and assumed certain liabilities, from Azaya in exchange for the issuance of 1,173,241 of shares of our common stock in the amount of $2.3 million, assumption of approximately $1.8 million in Azaya’s payables, and the obligation to pay Azaya future milestones, earn-outs and licensing fees. The acquisition of Azaya brought two additional product candidates, ATI-0918 and ATI-1123, into the Cytori pipeline and we intend to develop and potentially commercialize both compounds, most likely in conjunction with a commercial and or commercial partner.

ATI-0918 is a complex generic formulation of the market leading DOXIL®/CAELYX®, which is a pegylated liposomal encapsulation of doxorubicin and approved in the United States for use in ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, and Kaposi’s Sarcoma; and in the European Union for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, and Kaposi’s Sarcoma. The current approval pathway for ATI-0918 is to leverage existing bioequivalence data to CAELYX® for approval in the EU and to demonstrate bioequivalence to Lipodox® in the U.S.  A study to demonstrate ATI-0918’s bioequivalence to CAELYX®, for purposes of EMA approval, has been completed and we intend for these data to serve as the basis for our submission of a marketing authorization application for ATI-0918 to the EMA. We are also making plans to perform a bioequivalence study of ATI-0918 to the U.S. Reference Standard (RS) to serve as the basis for submission of an ANDA for U.S. FDA approval. We currently anticipate that any U.S. bioequivalence trial for ATI-0918 would be funded by a development partner or licensee.

ATI-1123 is a novel liposomal formulation of docetaxel.  Docetaxel is currently approved for non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and hormone refractory prostate cancer.  Its side effects include hair loss, bone marrow suppression, and allergic reactions. It is currently available as a generic drug and there is no form of docetaxel as a liposomal formulation. There is a protein (albumin) bound form of a similar chemotherapeutic drug,

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paclitaxel known as Abraxane®, which demonstrated some clinical advantages to paclitaxel. ATI-1123 has shown promising results in preclinical animal models that suggest it may have superior qualities to doxetaxel, including actions against some tumor types that are not amenable to treatment by doxetaxel. A Phase I study of ATI-1123 has been completed in late stage refractory patients and has shown some activity in several tumor types (mostly stable disease). We are currently evaluating clinical scenarios to bring into Phase II studies in several indications and potential development partnerships.

Results of Operations

Product revenues

Product revenues consisted of revenues primarily from the sale of Cytori Cell Therapy-related products.  

The following table summarizes the components for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

We experienced a decrease of $0.2 million and $0.9 million in product revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in the three-month period is due to lower sales in the Americas of $0.3 million partially offset by increased revenues in Japan of $0.1 million. The decrease in the six-month period is due to lower sales in the Americas of $0.4 million and Japan of $0.5 million. The lower sales in the Americas for the three and six months periods is primarily due to the completion of a customer’s clinical trial, for which Cytori was suppling the products. 

The future:  We expect to continue to generate a majority of product revenues from the sale of Cytori Cell Therapy-related products to researchers, clinicians, and distributors in EMEA, Japan, Asia Pacific, and the Americas. In Japan and EMEA, researchers will use our technology in ongoing and new investigator-initiated and funded studies focused on, but not limited to, hand scleroderma, Crohn’s disease, peripheral artery disease, erectile dysfunction, and diabetic foot ulcers.  Habeo Cell Therapy for hand scleroderma will continue to be accessible to patients and physicians through a managed access program, or MAP. We announced in mid-June of 2017 that we ended our MAP agreement with IDIS (initiated in 2016) and partnered with a new vendor, myTomorrows, with expanded geographical coverage for MAP, including Europe, Middle East and Latin America (excluding of Chile). myTomorrows is an innovative and fully integrated organization dedicated to providing fully compliant early access to innovative therapeutics in advance of the products full marketing authorization in the countries that it serves.

Cost of product revenues

Cost of product revenues relate primarily to Cytori Cell Therapy-related products and includes material, manufacturing labor, and overhead costs, as well as amortization of intangible assets. The following table summarizes the components of our cost of revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Cost of product revenues as a percentage of product revenues was 73.0% and 91.2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 52.0% and 46.8% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.  Fluctuation in this percentage is due to our product mix, distributor and direct sales mix, geographic mix, foreign exchange rates, idle capacity, allocation of overhead, and higher intangible amortization expense.

The future: We expect to continue to see variation in our gross profit margin as the product mix, distributor and direct sales mix and geographic mix comprising revenues fluctuate. We are investigating various pricing options for our cellular therapeutics, which may help to increase our gross profit margins in 2017 and beyond.

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Development revenues

Under our government contract with BARDA, we recognized a total of $0.5 million and $1.5 million in revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 which included allowable fees as well as cost reimbursements.  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we incurred $0.5 million and $1.4 million in qualified expenditures. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized revenue of $1.7 million and $3.3 million and incurred $1.6 million and $3.1 million in qualified expenditures, respectively. The decrease in revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same periods in 2016 is primarily due to slight decreases in research and development activities related to BARDA.

The future: We entered into an amendment with BARDA in May 2017 for the initiation of a pilot clinical trial of DCCT-10 in thermal burn injury. The amendment extends the term of the BARDA Agreement and the period of performance of Option 2 of the BARDA Agreement to November 30, 2020.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses relate to the development of a technology platform that involves using adipose tissue as a source of autologous regenerative cells for therapeutic applications as well as the continued development efforts related to our clinical trials.

Research and development expenses include costs associated with the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products, payment of regulatory fees, laboratory supplies, pre-clinical studies and clinical studies.  

The following table summarizes the components of our research and development expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

The decrease in research and development expenses, excluding share-based compensation, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 is due to a decrease of approximately $1.8 million and $2.4 million for the three and six months periods in clinical study expenses as well as a decrease of approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million in salaries and benefits as a result of completion of enrollment in our U.S. clinical trials enrolling in 2016.

The future:  We expect aggregate research and development expenditures remain consistent at current levels for the balance of 2017, as we complete the STAR clinical trial and begin our activities on the RELIEF clinical trial as well as our development efforts of the recently acquired assets from Azaya.

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses include costs of sales and marketing personnel, events and tradeshows, customer and sales representative education and training, primary and secondary market research, and product and service promotion.  The following table summarizes the components of our sales and marketing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Sales and marketing expenses excluding share-based compensation increased by approximately $0.4 million and $0.3 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 due to increases in professional services mostly related to our operations in Japan, commercial planning activities for scleroderma in the United States and investments in the EMEA managed access program.

The future:  We expect sales and marketing expenditures to slightly decrease during the second half of 2017, as we delay efforts on commercial readiness activities for hand scleroderma in the United States.

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General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses include costs for administrative personnel, legal and other professional expenses, and general corporate expenses.  The following table summarizes the general and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

General and administrative expenses excluding share-based compensation decreased by $0.2 million and $0.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016 is primarily due to decreases in salary and related benefits expense consistent with our ongoing cost curtailment efforts.

The future:  We expect general and administrative expenditures to moderately increase with the acquisition of Azaya assets and as we integrate its operations under the Cytori Therapeutics umbrella.

Share-based compensation expenses

Share-based compensation expenses include charges related to options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, directors and non-employees along with charges related to the employee stock purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. We measure stock-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value of any awards granted to our employees. Such expense is recognized over the requisite service period.

The following table summarizes the components of our share-based compensation expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

The decrease in share-based compensation expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same periods in 2016 is primarily related to a lower annual grant activities caused by reductions in headcount and due to the decline in the stock price during 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016, and its corresponding impact on share-based compensation.

The future:  We expect to continue to grant options and stock awards (which will result in an expense) to our employees, directors, and, as appropriate, to non-employee service providers. In addition, previously-granted options will continue to vest in accordance with their original terms. As of June 30, 2017, the total compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and stock awards not yet recognized for all our plans is approximately $1.2 million which is expected to be recognized as a result of vesting under service conditions over a weighted average period of 1.64 years.

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In process research and development acquired from Azaya Therapeutics

In February 2017, we entered into an agreement to acquire assets, including in process research and development (“IPR&D) related to two drug candidates, from Azaya Therapeutics. In connection with this agreement, we recorded an IPR&D charge totaling $1.7 million. The acquired IPR&D is in the early stage of development and has no alternative use. Additional research, pre-clinical studies, and regulatory approvals must be successfully completed prior to commercialization of any product.

Financing items

The following table summarizes interest income, interest expense, and other income and expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

The future: We expect interest expense in 2017 to decrease as we continue to make payments on the principal balance of the Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 29, 2015, or the Loan and Security Agreement, with Oxford Finance LLC, or Oxford.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Short-term and long-term liquidity

The following is a summary of our key liquidity measures at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

We incurred net losses of $6.0 million and $13.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, and $6.4 million and $11.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.  We have an accumulated deficit of $392.7 million as of June 30, 2017.  Additionally, we have used net cash of $9.9 million and $10.7 million to fund our operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Further, our Loan and Security Agreement with Oxford requires us to maintain a minimum of $5.0 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand to avoid an event of default under the Loan and Security Agreement. Based on our cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $9.0 million at June 30, 2017, and our obligation to make payments of principal of $0.6 million plus accrued interest in monthly installments, we estimate that we must raise additional capital and/or obtain a waiver or restructure the Loan and Security Agreement in September 2017 to avoid defaulting under our $5.0 million minimum cash/cash equivalents covenant.

To date, these operating losses have been funded primarily from outside sources of invested capital including our recently completed underwritten public offering, our Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement (“Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”) and the Rights Offering (each defined below), our at-the-market (“ATM”) equity facility, the Loan and Security Agreement and gross profits.  We have had, and we will likely continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our future clinical development programs and other operations.

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On June 15, 2016, the Company closed a rights offering originally filed under Form S-1 registration statement in April 2016 (“Rights Offering”). Pursuant to the Rights Offering, the Company sold an aggregate of 6,704,852 units consisting of a total of 6,704,852 shares of common stock and 3,352,306 warrants, with each warrant exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $3.06 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds to us of $17.1 million.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we sold 894,050 shares of our common stock under our ATM offering program, receiving total net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million.  Although sales of our common stock have taken place pursuant to our ATM offering program, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in consummating future sales based on prevailing market conditions or in the quantities or at the prices that we deem appropriate. In addition, under current SEC regulations, at any time during which the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or public float, is less than $75.0 million, the amount we can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any twelve-month period using shelf registration statements, including sales under our ATM offering program, is limited to an aggregate of one-third of our public float. As of December 31, 2016, our public float was 21.5 million shares, the value of which was $32.5 million based upon the closing price of our common stock of $1.51 on such date. The value of one-third of our public float calculated on the same basis was approximately $11.0 million.

On December 22, 2016, we entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and a registration rights agreement, with Lincoln Park pursuant to which we have the right to sell to Lincoln Park and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to $20.0 million in amounts of shares, of our common stock, over the 30-month period commencing on the date that a registration statement, that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in December 2016. We may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, to purchase up to 100,000 shares of common stock on any business day but in no event will the amount of a single Regular Purchase exceed $1.0 million. The purchase price of shares of common stock related to the Regular Purchases will be based on the prevailing market prices of such shares at the time of sales. Our sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement are limited to no more than the number of shares that would result in the beneficial ownership by Lincoln Park and its affiliates, at any single point in time, of more than 9.99% of the then outstanding shares of the common stock. There are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement. There is no upper limit on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for common stock under a Regular Purchase or an accelerated purchase and in no event will shares be sold to Lincoln Park on a day our closing price is less than the floor price of $0.50 per share as set forth in the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement. On December 22, 2016, we issued to Lincoln Park 127,419 shares of common stock as commitment shares in consideration for entering into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement. Through June 30, 2017, we sold a total of 103,000 shares under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, for proceeds of approximately $0.2 million. We will issue up to an additional 279,258 shares of common stock on a pro rata basis to Lincoln Park only as and when shares are sold under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement to Lincoln Park. 

Pursuant to this securities transaction and related equity issuance, as well as anticipated gross profits and potential outside sources of capital, we believe we have sufficient cash to fund operations through at least the third quarter of 2017. We continue to seek additional capital through product revenues, strategic transactions, including extension opportunities under the awarded BARDA contract, and from other financing alternatives. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in securing additional resources when needed, on terms acceptable to us or at all. Therefore, there exists substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

On April 11, 2017, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) relating to the issuance and sale of 8.6 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share. The price to the public in this offering is $1.10 per share. Maxim agreed to purchase the shares from us pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $1.0395 per share. The net proceeds to us from the offering were approximately $8.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The offering closed on April 17, 2017. In addition, under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, we granted Maxim a 45-day option to purchase up to 944,000 additional shares of common stock. On May 31, 2017, Maxim exercised their overallotment option and purchased 849,000 shares at $1.10 per share. The net proceeds to us were $0.8 million, after deducting underwriting costs and offering expenses payable by us.

Our inability to raise additional cash will have a material and adverse impact on operations and will cause us to default on our loan.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from uncertainty related to its ability to continue as a going concern.

As of June 30, 2017, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of our business to the contractual obligations we reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.  

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Cash (used in) provided by operating, investing, and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $9.9 million. Overall, our operational cash use decreased during the six months ended June 30, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016, due primarily to a decrease in losses from operations (when adjusted for non-cash items) of $0.3 million and by $0.5 million in working capital improvements.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 resulted primarily from cash outflows for payment for long-lived assets purchased as part of Azaya’s acquisition of $1.2 million.

Financing Activities

The net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 related primarily to sale of common stock of $11.2 million offset by cash used in principal payments on our debt of $3.5 million.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and that affect our recognition and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  

While our estimates are based on assumptions we consider reasonable at the time they were made, our actual results may differ from our estimates, perhaps significantly.  If results differ materially from our estimates, we will make adjustments to our financial statements prospectively as we become aware of the necessity for an adjustment.

We believe it is important for you to understand our most critical accounting policies.  Our critical accounting policies and estimates remain consistent with those reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.  

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As of June 30, 2017, there have been no material changes in our market risks from those described in Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

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As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.  

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we have been involved in routine litigation incidental to the conduct of our business. As of June 30, 2017, we were not a party to any material legal proceeding.  

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business is subject to various risks, including those described in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on March 24, 2017, which we strongly encourage you to review with all other information contained or incorporated by reference in this report before you decide to invest in our common stock. In addition to those risk factors, we identified the following new risks or substantive changes from the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports, or discussed below actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations and our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Under these circumstances, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. 

Our success depends in large part upon the successful development and commercialization of our cellular therapeutics, especially Habeo Cell Therapy, which recently failed to achieve its primary or secondary endpoints in a Phase III clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of Habeo Cell Therapy in the treatment of finger and hand dysfunction due to scleroderma. While we are continuing to assess the topline data from the trial, we may be unable to identify a viable path forward for continued development of this product candidate, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and operations.    

Our success in large part is dependent upon our ability to develop our Cytori Cell Therapy products, and in particular, our Habeo Cell Therapy product.  Habeo Cell Therapy is our lead product candidate. In July 2017, we announced topline results from our Phase III STAR clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Habeo Cell Therapy in the treatment of finger and hand dysfunction due to scleroderma. In this trial, Habeo Cell Therapy did not achieve its primary endpoint of improvement in hand dysfunction, compared to placebo, in patients with scleroderma, as measured by the Cochin Hand Function Score, or CHFS, at twenty-four (24) and forty-eight (48) weeks, nor did it achieve its secondary endpoints of improvement in the Raynaud’s Condition Score, or RCS, and the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire, or SHAQ, at forty-eight (48) weeks, compared to placebo. The Company does not believe that this STAR clinical data is sufficient to submit a pre-market approval, or PMA, application for Habeo Cell Therapy to the FDA for hand manifestations of scleroderma.

Analysis of the Phase III data indicated that within a pre-specified subgroup analysis, the STAR patients within the diffuse cutaneous scleroderma subset indicated improvements in the Cochin Hand Function Score and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, or HAQ-DI (a measure of functional disability), that met or exceeded the published criteria for minimally important clinical differences in these measures as compared to STAR patients within the limited cutaneous scleroderma subset.  However, these differences may not be deemed sufficient to continue development of Habeo Cell Therapy for scleroderma. Thorough analysis of our Phase III data may result in the determination that there is not a viable plan for continued development of Habeo Cell Therapy for scleroderma. Further, anticipated discussions with the FDA and with other regulatory authorities regarding our Phase III data and Habeo Cell Therapy may be unsuccessful or may result in imposition of onerous requirements should we pursue further development of this therapy. Even if we desire to design further trials and continue to pursue a path toward potential regulatory approval of Habeo Cell Therapy, any such development will likely require significant financial and personnel resources. We may be unable to obtain sufficient capital to fund such further trials, and any such trials, if funded, may fail to yield positive results. Further, the failure to achieve our primary or secondary endpoints in the STAR Phase III trial will likely have an adverse effect on our current commercial sales of our cellular therapeutics, on the development and implementation of our EU managed access program, our and our partners’ efforts to develop, commercialize and sell our cellular therapeutics, and on our efforts to find additional partners to develop and commercialize our cellular therapeutic product candidates.  

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There can be no assurance that we will be able to further develop Habeo Cell Therapy. Our continuing analyses of data from the Phase III trial may produce negative or inconclusive results, or may be inconsistent with our previously announced top-line results. Because our cell therapy business is in substantial part dependent on the success of Habeo Cell Therapy, if we are unable to identify, fund and ultimately execute an alternative development strategy for this product candidate or our other cell therapy candidates, we may be required to reduce or curtail our cell therapy activities, which would materially and adversely affect our business and operations, and could require us to liquidate, dissolve or otherwise wind down our operations.  Further, if we decide to sell or otherwise dispose of our cell therapy platform, we may be unable to identify a suitable acquirer, or may be unable to negotiate and consummate a transaction on terms acceptable to us.

If we are unable to successfully partner with other companies to commercialize our product candidates, our business could materially suffer.

A key part of our business strategy is to leverage strategic partnerships/collaborations to commercialize our product candidates.  We do not have the financial, human or other resources necessary to develop, commercialize, launch or sell our therapeutic offerings in all of the geographies that we are targeting, and thus it is important that we identify and partner with third parties who possess the necessary resources to bring our products to market.  We expect that any such partners will provide regulatory and reimbursement/pricing expertise, sales and marketing resources, and other expertise and resources vital to the success of our product offerings in their territories.  We further expect, but cannot guarantee, that any such partnering arrangements will include upfront cash payments to us in return for the rights to develop, manufacture, and/or sell our products in specified territories, as well as downstream revenues in the form of milestone payments and royalties.  

We are currently prioritizing our efforts to find a strategic partner for our Habeo Cell Therapy, formerly ECCS-50, which is specifically intended for treatment of hand dysfunction in scleroderma patients.  For various reasons, including the preliminary topline data from our U.S. Phase III STAR clinical trial announced in July 2017 and the novelty of our cellular therapeutic approach, the regulatory and reimbursement environments for Habeo Cell Therapy in certain markets, including Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, are complex and uncertain. There can be no assurance that regulatory agencies or authorities in the U.S., Europe, the Asia-Pacific region or elsewhere will grant conditional or full regulatory approval for Habeo Cell Therapy on the timeframes we anticipate, or at all, nor can we guarantee that government or commercial payers will grant us favorable reimbursement for use of Habeo Cell Therapy. In fact, we anticipate that our preliminary topline STAR Phase III clinical data will result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts of our Habeo Cell Therapy efforts, or cause us to abandon or materially alter our regulatory approval strategies for Habeo Cell Therapy.  Further, even if we receive regulatory approval and favorable reimbursement, there is no guarantee that a market will develop for Habeo Cell Therapy at our intended price points, or at all. These commercialization risks could affect prospective partners’ or collaborators’ willingness to enter into partnering arrangements on terms acceptable to us, or at all.  Prospective partners may be unwilling to enter into Habeo collaboration/partnering agreements with us in light of our topline STAR clinical trial data.  We anticipate that it will be difficult to find a commercialization partner for our Habeo Cell Therapy on favorable terms, if at all.  Further, if data from the currently enrolling French investigator-initiated SCLERADEC II trial are not positive, or if the trial is discontinued prior to receipt of data, the regulatory and commercial hurdles for Habeo Cell Therapy will further increase, especially in the EU.    

We are also prioritizing our efforts to find a strategic partner to help commercialize and sell our ATI-0918 drug candidate, initially in Europe, and secondarily, to fund development and commercialization of our ATI-1123 product candidate. We do not currently have the commercial expertise or resources to market and sell either ATI-0918 or ATI-1123.  There can be no assurance that we will enter into partnering agreements for either ATI-0918 or ATI-1123 with suitable partners on terms acceptable to us, or at all.  At present, we do not intend to expend significant resources on development of ATI-1123.  However, regardless of whether we enter into a partnering agreement for ATI-0918, we will still incur significant costs and expenses in manufacturing, testing and validating it and in performing necessary regulatory and clinical work to ready our EMA marketing dossier for submission.  If we cannot find a suitable partner for our ATI-0918 product candidate, our business could be significantly harmed.      

We are also soliciting partnering interest in our ECCO-50 therapeutic for use in knee osteoarthritis, but we anticipate that our partnering efforts with respect to this indication will be subordinate to our Habeo Cell Therapy and ATI-0918 partnering efforts. Further, while consistent trends were observed in most secondary endpoints relative to the placebo group in our ACT-OA knee osteoarthritis trial, the 12-week endpoint of single pain on walking question did not achieve statistical significance, so there can be no assurance that our partnering efforts for our ECCS-50 therapeutics will be successful.  

In addition, we may seek development and/or commercial partners for the other therapeutic indications set forth in our clinical pipeline, including:

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There can be no assurance that these male SUI and SRP pipeline indications will be attractive to prospective partners. The male SUI market is small (approximately $45.0 million), and the viability of both indications, especially SRP, is in substantial part dependent upon receipt of positive STAR and/or SCLERADEC II clinical data.  We anticipate that the failure to achieve the primary and secondary endpoints in our STAR Phase III trial could materially hamper our efforts to identify prospective cell therapy partners or to negotiate cell therapy partnering transactions on terms favorable to us, or at all.    

Even if we succeed in securing partners for our lead or other product candidates, our partners may fail to develop or effectively commercialize our product candidates. Partnerships and collaborations involving our products and product candidates pose a number of risks, including the following:

As a result, partnering agreements may not lead to development or commercialization of our lead product candidates or other product candidates in the most efficient manner or at all.

We will need substantial additional funding to develop our products and for our future operations. If we are unable to obtain the funds necessary to do so, we may be required to delay, scale back or eliminate our product development activities or may be unable to continue our business.

We have had, and we will continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to continue funding our operations to profitability, including our continuing substantial research and development expenses. We do not currently believe that our cash balance and the revenues from our operations will be sufficient to fund the development and marketing efforts required to reach profitability without raising additional capital from accessible sources of financing in the near future.  Although it is difficult to predict future liquidity requirements, we believe that our $9 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand as of June 30, 2017 will be sufficient to fund our currently contemplated operations at least through October 2017.  Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

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We have secured capital historically from grant revenues, collaboration proceeds, and debt and equity offerings. We will need to secure substantial additional capital to fund our future operations. We cannot be certain that additional capital will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.  Our ability to raise capital was adversely affected when the FDA put a hold on our ATHENA cardiac trials in mid-2014, which had an adverse impact to stock price performance and our corresponding ability to restructure our debt.  Subsequently, a continued downward trend in our stock price resulting from a number of factors, including (i) general economic and industry conditions, (ii) challenges faced by the regenerative medicine industry as a whole, (iii) the market’s unfavorable view of certain of our recent equity financings conducted in 2014 and 2015 (which financings were priced at a discount to market and included 100% warrant coverage), (iv) market concerns regarding our continued need for capital (and the effects of any future capital raising transactions we may consummate), (v) market perceptions of our ATHENA and ACT-OA clinical trial data, and (vi) our recent NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, listing deficiency issues and resultant 1-for-15 reverse stock split, made it more difficult to procure additional capital on terms reasonably acceptable to us.  Most recently, the release in July 2017 of the top-line data from our STAR Phase III trial, in which we announced the failure to achieve the trial’s primary and secondary endpoints, resulted in a further substantial decrease in our stock price.  Though our recent acquisition of the Cytori Nanomedicine business from Azaya Therapeutics, including our ATI-0918 and ATI-1123 drug candidates, appear to have been viewed favorably by our investors and the marketplace, we cannot assure you that this acquisition will not ultimately be viewed negatively and thus further hamper our efforts to attract additional capital. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to raise any such additional capital, we may be required to take actions that could materially and adversely harm our business, including a possible significant reduction in our research, development and administrative operations (including reduction of our employee base), surrendering of our rights to some technologies or product opportunities, delaying of our clinical trials or regulatory and reimbursement efforts, or curtailing of or even ceasing operations.    

Our financing plans include pursuing additional cash through use of our at-the-market, or ATM, offering program, strategic corporate partnerships, licensing and sales of equity.  In addition, in December 2016, we entered into a purchase agreement, or the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, or Lincoln Park, pursuant to which we may direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to $20.0 million in shares of our common stock from time to time over a 30-month period, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.  While we have an established history of raising capital through these platforms, and we are currently involved in negotiations with multiple parties, there is no guarantee that adequate funds will be available when needed from additional debt or equity financing, development and commercialization partnerships or from other sources or on terms acceptable to us.  In addition, under current SEC regulations, at any time during which the aggregate market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or public float, is less than $75.0 million, the amount we can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any twelve-month period using shelf registration statements, including sales under our ATM offering program, is limited to an aggregate of one-third of our public float. As of June 30, 2017, our public float was 33.1 million shares, the value of which was $36.4 million based upon the closing price of our common stock of $1.10 on such date. The value of one-third of our public float calculated on the same basis was approximately $12.1 million.

Further, our Loan and Security Agreement with Oxford Finance, LLC, or Oxford, as further described below, requires us to maintain a minimum of $5.0 million in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand to avoid an event of default under the Loan and Security Agreement. Based on our cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $9 million at June 30, 2017, and our obligation to make payments of principal of $590,000 plus accrued interest in monthly installments, we estimate that we must raise additional capital and/or obtain a waiver or restructure the Loan and Security Agreement in September 2017 to avoid defaulting under our $5 million minimum cash/cash equivalents covenant. If we are unable to avoid an event of default under the Loan and Security Agreement, our business could be severely harmed.

In addition to the funding sources previously mentioned, we continue to seek additional capital through product revenues and state and federal development programs, including additional funding opportunities though our current BARDA contract.

We may be or become the target of securities litigation, which is costly and time-consuming to defend.

In the past, following periods of market volatility in the price of a company’s securities, the reporting of unfavorable news or continued decline in a company’s stock price, security holders have often instituted class action litigation. The market value of our securities has steadily declined over the past several years for a variety of reasons, including the announcement of the results of our Phase III clinical trial in July 2017, and for other reasons discussed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, which heightens our

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litigation risk.  If we face such litigation, we could incur substantial legal costs and our management’s attention could be diverted from the operation of our business, causing our business to suffer.  Any adverse determination in any such litigation or any amounts paid to settle any such actual or threatened litigation could require that we make significant payments.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

Refer to the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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Exhibit Index

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