PRA GROUP INC - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-50058

PRA Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

75-3078675

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

120 Corporate Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23502

(888) 772-7326

(Address of principal executive offices, zip code, telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	PRAA	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022 was $1,409,925,939 based on the $36.36 closing price as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

The number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding as of February 23, 2023 was 38,980,115.

Documents incorporated by reference

Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

Table of Contents


Part I
Item 1.	Business	5
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	9
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	16
Item 2.	Properties	16
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	16
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	17

Part II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
Item 6.	[Reserved]	19
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	37
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	39
	Report s of Independent Registered Public Accounting Fir ms	40
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	43
	Consolidated Income Statements	44
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	45
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	46
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	47
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	48
	1 – General and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	48

	2 – Finance Receivables, net	53
	3 – Investments	56
	4 – Leases	57
	5 – Goodwill	58
	6 – Borrowings	58
	7 – Property and Equipment, net	63
	8 – Fair Value	63
	9 – Derivatives	65
	10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	66
	11 – Share-Based Compensation	67
	12 – Earnings per Share	69
	13 – Income Taxes	69
	14 – Commitments and Contingencies	72
	15 – Retirement Plans	74
	16 – Subsequent Events	74
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	75
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	75
Item 9B.	Other Information	77
Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	77






Part III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	77
continued

Table of Contents



Item 11.	Executive Compensation	77
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	77
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	77

Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	77

Part IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	77
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	79

Signatures		80

All references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") to "PRA Group," "our," "we," "us," the "Company" or similar terms are to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements:

This report contains forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding overall cash collection trends, operating cost trends, liquidity and capital needs and other statements of expectations, beliefs, future plans, strategies and anticipated events or trends. Our results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, or our forward-looking statements could be wrong, as a result of risks, uncertainties and assumptions including the following:

•a deterioration in the economic or inflationary environment in the markets in which we operate;

•our inability to replace our portfolios of nonperforming loans with additional portfolios sufficient to operate efficiently and profitably and/or purchase nonperforming loans at appropriate prices;

•our inability to collect sufficient amounts on our nonperforming loans to fund our operations, including as a result of restrictions imposed by local, state, federal and international laws and regulations;

•changes in accounting standards and their interpretations;

•the recognition of significant decreases in our estimate of future recoveries on nonperforming loans;

•the impact of a disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on the markets in which we operate and our inability to successfully manage the challenges associated with a disease outbreak, including epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health concerns;

•the occurrence of goodwill impairment charges;

•loss contingency accruals that are inadequate to cover actual losses;

•our inability to manage risks associated with our international operations;

•changes in local, state, federal or international laws or the interpretation of these laws, including tax, bankruptcy and collection laws;

•changes in the administrative practices of various bankruptcy courts;

•our inability to comply with existing and new regulations of the collection industry;

•investigations, reviews, or enforcement actions by governmental authorities, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB");

•our inability to comply with data privacy regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR");

•adverse outcomes in pending litigation or administrative proceedings;

•our inability to retain, expand, renegotiate or replace our credit facilities and our inability to comply with the covenants under our financing arrangements;

•our inability to manage effectively our capital and liquidity needs, including as a result of changes in credit or capital markets;

•changes in interest or exchange rates;

•default by or failure of one or more of our counterparty financial institutions;

•disruptions of business operations caused by cybersecurity incidents or the underperformance or failure of information technology infrastructure, networks or communication systems; and

•the "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of this Form 10-K and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

You should assume that the information appearing in this Form 10-K is accurate only as of the date it was issued. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. The future events, developments or results described in, or implied by, this Form 10-K could turn out to be materially different. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-K and you should not expect us to do so.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

General

PRA Group Inc. is a global financial and business services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and Australia.

Our primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans. The accounts we purchase are primarily the unpaid obligations of individuals owed to credit originators, which include banks and other types of consumer, retail and auto finance companies. We purchase portfolios of nonperforming loans at a discount in two broad categories: Core and Insolvency. Our Core operation specializes in purchasing and collecting nonperforming loans, which we purchased since either the credit originators and/or other third-party collection agencies have been unsuccessful in collecting the full balance owed. Our Insolvency operation consists primarily of purchasing and collecting on nonperforming loan accounts where the customer is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding or the equivalent in some European countries. We also provide fee-based services on class action claims recoveries and by servicing consumer bankruptcy accounts in the United States ("U.S.").

As part of our strategic plans, we have expanded through various acquisitions and organic growth. In 2014, we acquired Aktiv Kapital AS, a Norway-based company specializing in the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans throughout Europe and Canada. In 2015, we expanded into South America by acquiring 55% of the equity interest in RCB Investimentos S.A. ("RCB"), a servicing platform for nonperforming loans and established a business that purchases nonperforming loans in Brazil. Our subsequent sale of 79% of our interest in RCB to Banco Bradesco S.A., completed in 2019, had no impact on the nonperforming loan purchasing business we established. RCB continues to service and/or manage our Brazilian portfolios, of which, the fees are included within Agency fees in our Consolidated Income Statements. In 2016, we acquired DTP S.A., a Polish-based debt collection company, furthering our in-house collection efforts in Poland. In 2021, we began purchasing nonperforming loans in Australia, leveraging an entity we established in 2011.

We have one reportable segment based on similarities among the operating segments, including economic characteristics, the nature of the products and services, the nature of the production processes, the types or classes of customers for our products and services, the methods used to distribute our products and services and the nature of the regulatory environment.

Nonperforming Loan Portfolio Acquisitions

To identify purchasing opportunities, we maintain an extensive marketing effort with our senior officers contacting known and prospective sellers of nonperforming loans. From these sellers, we have acquired a variety of nonperforming loans including Visa® and MasterCard® credit cards, private label and other credit cards, installment loans, lines of credit, deficiency balances of various types, legal judgments and trade payables. Sellers of nonperforming loans include major banks, credit unions, consumer finance companies, retailers, utilities, automobile finance companies and other credit originators. The price at which we purchase portfolios depends on the age of the portfolio, whether it is a Core or Insolvency portfolio, geographic region, the seller's selection criteria, our historical experience with a certain asset type or credit originator and other similar factors.

We purchase portfolios of nonperforming loans from credit originators through auctions and negotiated sales. In an auction process, the seller will assemble a portfolio of nonperforming loans and will seek purchase prices from specifically invited bidders. In a privately negotiated sale process, the credit originator will contact one or more purchasers directly, receive a bid and negotiate the terms of sale. In either case, typically, invited purchasers will have already successfully completed a qualification process that can include the seller's review of any or all of the following: the purchaser's experience, reputation, financial standing, operating procedures, business practices and compliance oversight.

We purchase portfolios of nonperforming loans through either single portfolio transactions, referred to as spot sales, or through the pre-arranged purchase of multiple portfolios over time, referred to as forward flow sales. Under a forward flow contract, we agree to purchase statistically similar nonperforming loan portfolios from credit originators on a periodic basis, at a negotiated price over a specified time period, typically from three to 12 months.

Nonperforming Loan Portfolio Collection Operations

Call Center Operations

In higher volume markets, our collection efforts leverage internally staffed call centers. In some newer markets or in markets that have less consistent debt purchasing patterns, most notably outside the U.S., we may utilize external vendors to do some or all of this work. Whether the accounts are being worked internally or externally, we utilize our proprietary analysis to proportionally direct work efforts to those customers most likely to pay. The analysis driving those decisions relies on models and variables that have the highest correlation to profitable collections from call activity.

Legal Recovery - Core Portfolios

An important component of our collections effort involves our legal recovery operations and the judicial collection of balances from customers who, in general, we believe have the ability, but not the willingness, to resolve their obligations. There are some markets in which the collection process follows a prescribed, time-sensitive and sequential set of legal actions, but in the majority of instances, we use models and analysis to select those accounts reflecting a high propensity to pay in a legal environment. Depending on the characteristics of the account and the applicable local collection laws, we determine whether to commence legal action to judicially collect on the account. The legal process can take an extended period of time and can be costly, but when accounts are selected properly, it usually generates net cash collections that likely would not have been realized otherwise. We use a combination of internal staff (attorney and support) and external staff to pursue legal collections under certain circumstances, as we deem appropriate.

Insolvency Operations

Accounts that are in an insolvent or bankrupt status are managed by our Insolvency operations team. These accounts fall under insolvency plans ranging from Individual Voluntary Arrangements ("IVAs") and Trust Deeds in the United Kingdom ("UK"), to Consumer Proposals in Canada, to various forms of bankruptcy plans in the U.S., Canada, Germany and the UK. We file claims or claim transfers securing our creditor rights in plans, and actively manage these accounts through the entire life cycle of the insolvency proceeding to ensure that we participate in any distributions to creditors. The accounts we manage are derived from two sources: (1) our purchased portfolios of insolvent nonperforming loans and (2) our Core purchased portfolios of nonperforming loans where our customers filed for protection under the insolvency or bankruptcy laws after being purchased by us. We purchase these types of accounts in the U.S., Canada, Germany and the UK.

These accounts are filed under the relevant country's insolvency or bankruptcy codes and may have an associated payment plan that generally ranges from three to seven years in duration. Accounts which are purchased while insolvent can be purchased at any stage in the insolvency or bankruptcy plan life cycle. Portfolios sold close to the filing of the insolvency or bankruptcy plan may take months to generate cash flow; however, aged portfolios sold years after the filing of the insolvency or bankruptcy plan will typically generate cash flows immediately.

Digital

As a complement to our collection operations, we have developed digital capabilities to support our collection efforts. We have developed these platforms in all of our operating markets that provide for inbound collections, as well as outbound collections where the regulatory environment allows us to operate in such a manner. In an effort to meet our customers in the channel which they prefer, we have developed digital capabilities to support our collection efforts. We have developed inbound collections capabilities in all of our operating markets, as well as outbound collections where the regulatory environment allows.

Equity Investments

We have an 11.7% equity interest in RCB, a servicer of nonperforming loans in Brazil.

Fee-Based Services

In addition to the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans, we provide fee-based services including class action claims recovery purchasing and servicing through our subsidiary, Claims Compensation Bureau, LLC ("CCB"), and third-party servicing of bankruptcy accounts in the U.S.

Seasonality

Customer payment patterns in all of the countries in which we operate can be affected by seasonal employment trends, income tax refunds, and holiday spending habits. Typically, cash collections in the Americas tend to be higher in the first half

of the year due to the high volume of income tax refunds received by individuals in the U.S., and trend lower as the year progresses. In the first half of 2022, this spike was not as pronounced. Additionally, 2021 and 2020 deviated from usual seasonal patterns due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Competition

Competition is derived from both third-party contingent fee collection agencies and purchasers of debt that manage their own nonperforming loans or outsource such servicing. Regulatory complexity and burdens, combined with seller preference for experienced portfolio purchasers, create barriers to successful entry for new competitors particularly in the U.S. While both remain competitive, the contingent fee industry is more fragmented than the purchased portfolio industry.

We compete in purchasing of nonperforming loans on the basis of price, reputation, industry experience and performance. We believe that our competitive strengths include our disciplined and proprietary underwriting process, the extensive data set we have developed since our founding in 1996, our ability to bid on portfolios at appropriate prices, our capital position, our reputation from previous portfolio purchase transactions, our ability to close transactions in a timely fashion, our strong relationships with credit originators, our team of well-trained collectors who provide quality customer service while complying with applicable collection laws and our ability to efficiently and effectively collect on various asset types.

Government Regulation

We are subject to a variety of federal, state, local and international laws that establish specific guidelines and procedures that debt collectors must follow when collecting customer accounts, including laws relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personal information. It is our policy to comply with applicable federal, state, local and international laws in all our activities. To promote compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we provide extensive training upon hire and additional training at least annually. We also continuously monitor and evaluate our collectors in order to provide meaningful and prompt feedback. Our compliance management system and related controls that are embedded in business processes are also tested regularly by our compliance and internal audit departments to foster compliance with laws, regulations and internal policy.

Our failure to comply with these laws could result in enforcement action against us, the payment of significant fines and penalties, restrictions upon our operations or our inability to recover amounts owed to us. Significant laws and regulations applicable to our business include the following:

•Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), which imposes certain obligations and restrictions on the practices of debt collectors, including specific restrictions regarding the time, place and manner of the communications.

•Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA"), which obligates credit information providers to verify the accuracy of information provided to credit reporting agencies and investigate consumer disputes concerning the accuracy of such information.

•Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act ("GLBA"), which requires that certain financial institutions, including collection companies, develop policies to protect the privacy of consumers' private financial information and provide notices to consumers advising them of their privacy policies.

•Electronic Funds Transfer Act, which regulates electronic fund transfer transactions, including a consumer’s right to stop payments on a pre-approved fund transfer and right to receive certain documentation of the transaction.

•Telephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA"), which, along with similar state laws, places certain restrictions on users of certain automated dialing equipment and pre-recorded messages that place telephone calls to consumers.

•Servicemembers Civil Relief Act ("SCRA"), which gives U.S. military service personnel relief from credit obligations they may have incurred prior to entering military service and may also apply in certain circumstances to obligations and liabilities incurred by a servicemember while serving on active duty.

•Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which provides standards to protect the confidentiality of patients' personal healthcare and financial information in the U.S.

•U.S. Bankruptcy Code, which prohibits certain contacts with consumers after the filing of bankruptcy petitions and dictates what types of claims will or will not be allowed in a bankruptcy proceeding including how such claims may be discharged.

•Americans with Disabilities Act, which requires that telecommunications companies operating in the U.S. take steps to ensure functionally equivalent services are available for their consumers with disabilities, and requires accommodation of consumers with disabilities, such as the implementation of telecommunications relay services.

•U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), United Kingdom Bribery Act ("UK Bribery Act") and Similar Laws. Our operations outside the U.S. are subject to various U.S. and international laws and regulations, such as the FCPA and the UK Bribery Act, which prohibit corrupt payments to governmental officials and certain other individuals. The FCPA prohibits U.S. companies and their agents and employees from providing anything of value to a foreign official for the purposes of influencing any act or decision of these individuals in order to obtain an unfair advantage or help obtain or retain business. Although similar to the FCPA, the UK Bribery Act is broader in scope and covers bribes given to or received by any person with improper intent.

•Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), which restructured the regulation and supervision of the financial services industry in the U.S. and created the CFPB. The CFPB has rulemaking, supervisory, and enforcement authority over larger consumer debt collectors. The Dodd-Frank Act, along with the Unfair, Deceptive, or Abusive Acts or Practices ("UDAAP") provisions included therein, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, prohibit unfair, deceptive, and/or abusive acts and practices.

•International data protection and privacy laws, which include relevant country specific legislation in the UK and other European countries where we operate that regulate the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information; the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, which aims to protect personal information that is collected, used or disclosed in certain circumstances for purposes of electronic commerce in Canada; and the GDPR, which regulates the processing and free movement of personal data within the European Union ("EU") and transfer of such data outside the EU.

•Consumer Credit Act 1974 (and its related regulations), Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations of 1999 and the Financial Conduct Authority's consumer credit conduct of business rules, which apply to our UK operations and govern consumer credit agreements.

In addition, certain of our EU subsidiaries are subject to capital adequacy, liquidity and other requirements imposed by regulators, such as the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2022, we employed 3,277 full-time equivalents globally across 18 countries, with approximately 73% of our workforce distributed across the Americas and Australia and 27% in Europe. Our employees share a common set of values and commitments that define how we treat each other, how we relate to our customers and the responsibilities we have to shareholders, regulators, clients and others. We refer to this shared set of values as C.A.R.E.S, which stands for Committed, Accountable, Respectful, Ethical and Successful. These values are intended to foster a high performing workforce and sense of belonging by working together to build an equitable and inclusive culture where employees can be themselves, to be their best.

In support of these values we offer comprehensive total rewards programs, which include competitive pay and bonus structures, health and wellness benefits, retirement plans and an employee assistance program. Additionally, we offer tuition reimbursement assistance and have a robust suite of training and development offerings, both in person and through virtual learning technology for employees across the globe, many available in multiple languages.

Management considers our employee relations to be good. While none of our North American employees are represented by a union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement, in Europe we work closely with a number of works councils, and in countries where it is the customary local practice, such as Finland and Spain, we have collective bargaining agreements.

Available Information

We make available on or through our website, www.pragroup.com, certain reports that we file with or furnish to the SEC in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These include our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act ("SEC Filings"). We make this information available on our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at: www.sec.gov.

The information contained on, or that can be accessed through our website, is not, and shall not be deemed to be a part of this Form 10-K or incorporated into any of our other SEC Filings.

Reports filed with, or furnished to, the SEC are also available free of charge upon request by contacting our corporate office at:

PRA Group, Inc.

Attn: Investor Relations

120 Corporate Boulevard, Suite 100

Norfolk, Virginia 23502

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully read the following discussion of material factors, events and uncertainties when evaluating our business and the forward-looking information contained in this Form 10-K. The events and consequences discussed in these risk factors could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, liquidity and financial condition. While we believe we have identified and discussed below the material risk factors affecting our business, these risk factors do not identify all the risks we face, and there may be additional risks and uncertainties that we do not presently know or that we do not currently believe to be material that may have an adverse effect on our business, performance or financial condition in the future.

Operational and Industry Risks

A deterioration in the economic or inflationary environment in the countries in which we operate could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our performance may be adversely affected by economic, political or inflationary conditions in any market in which we operate. These conditions could include regulatory developments, changes in global or domestic economic policy, legislative changes, and sovereign debt crises. Deterioration in economic conditions, or a significant rise in inflation could cause personal bankruptcy and insolvency filings to increase, and the ability of consumers to pay their debts could be adversely affected. This may in turn adversely impact our business and financial results.

If global credit market conditions and the stability of global banks deteriorate, the amount of consumer or commercial lending and financing could be reduced, thus reducing the volume of nonperforming loans available for purchase, which could adversely affect our business, financial results and ability to succeed in the markets in which we operate.

Other economic factors that could influence our performance include the financial stability of the lenders on our credit facilities and our access to capital and credit. For example, deterioration in the financial markets, including as a result of a disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could contribute to the insolvency of lending institutions, notably those providing our credit facilities, or the tightening of credit markets, which could make it difficult or impossible for us to obtain credit on favorable terms or at all. These and other economic factors could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to continually replace our nonperforming loans with additional portfolios sufficient to operate efficiently and profitably, and/or we may not be able to purchase nonperforming loans at appropriate prices.

To operate profitably, we must purchase and service a sufficient amount of nonperforming loans to generate revenue that exceeds our expenses. Costs such as salaries and other compensation expense constitute a significant portion of our overhead and, if we do not replace the nonperforming loan portfolios we service with additional portfolios, we may have to reduce the number of our collection and other administrative personnel. We may then, have to rehire staff if we subsequently obtain additional portfolios. These practices could lead to negative consequences, including the following:

•low employee morale;

•fewer experienced employees;

•higher training costs;

•disruptions in our operations;

•loss of efficiency; and

•excess costs associated with unused space in our facilities.

The availability of nonperforming loan portfolios at prices that generate an appropriate return on our investment depends on a number of factors, including the following:

•the continuation of high levels of consumer debt obligations;

•sales of nonperforming loan portfolios by credit originators; and

•competitive factors affecting potential purchasers and credit originators of nonperforming loans.

Furthermore, heightened regulation of the credit card and consumer lending industry or changing credit origination strategies may result in decreased availability of credit to consumers, potentially leading to a future reduction in nonperforming loans available for purchase from credit originators. We cannot predict how our ability to identify and purchase nonperforming loans and the quality of those nonperforming loans would be affected if there were a shift in lending practices, whether caused by changes in the regulations or accounting practices applicable to credit originators or purchasers, a sustained economic downturn or otherwise.

Moreover, there can be no assurance that credit originators will continue to sell their nonperforming loans consistent with historical levels or at all, or that we will be able to bid competitively for those portfolios. Because of the length of time involved in collecting on acquired portfolios and the variability in the timing of our collections, we may not be able to identify trends and make changes in our purchasing strategies in a timely manner. If we are unable to maintain our business or adapt to changing market needs as well as our current or future competitors, we may experience reduced access to nonperforming loan portfolios at appropriate prices and, therefore, reduced profitability.

We may not be able to collect sufficient amounts on our nonperforming loans to fund our operations.

Our principal business consists of purchasing and collecting nonperforming loans that consumers or others have failed to pay. The credit originators have typically made numerous attempts to recover on their accounts, often using a combination of in-house recovery efforts and third-party collection agencies. These nonperforming loans are difficult to collect, and we may not collect a sufficient amount to cover our investment and the costs of running our business.

Our collections may decrease if certain types of insolvency proceedings and bankruptcy filings involving liquidations increase.

Various economic trends and potential changes to existing legislation may contribute to an increase in the amount of personal bankruptcy and insolvency filings. Under certain of these filings, a debtor's assets may be sold to repay creditors, but because most of the accounts we collect through our collections operations are unsecured, we typically would not be able to collect on those accounts. Although our insolvency collections business could benefit from an increase in personal bankruptcies and insolvencies, we cannot ensure that our collections operations business would not decline with an increase in personal insolvencies or bankruptcy filings or changes in related regulations or practices. If our actual collection experience with respect to a nonperforming or insolvent bankrupt accounts are significantly lower than the total amount we projected when we acquired the portfolio, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Goodwill impairment charges could negatively impact our net income and stockholder's equity.

We have recorded a significant amount of goodwill as a result of our business acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment annually and between annual tests if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. There are numerous risks that may cause the fair value of a reporting unit to fall below its carrying amount, which could lead to the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge. These risks include:

•adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions, the business climate, or the market for the entity's products or services;

•significant variances between actual and expected financial results;

•negative or declining cash flows;

•lowered expectations of future results;

•failure to realize anticipated synergies from acquisitions;

•significant expense increases;

•a more likely-than-not expectation of selling or disposing all, or a portion of, a reporting unit;

•the loss of key personnel;

•an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;

•significant increase in discount rates; or

•a sustained decrease in the price per share of our common stock.

Our goodwill impairment testing involves the use of estimates and the exercise of judgment, including judgments regarding expected future business performance and market conditions. Significant changes in our assessment of such factors,

including the deterioration of market conditions, could affect our assessment of the fair value of one or more of our reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period.

A disease outbreak could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial results.

We cannot predict the extent to which a disease outbreak, including epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health concerns, will impact our business, results of operations and financial results. A disease outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial results if:

•political, legal and regulatory actions and policies in response to disease outbreak may prevent us from performing our collection activities or result in material increases in our costs to comply with such laws and regulations;

•consumers respond to a disease outbreak by failing to pay amounts owed to us as a result of factors that impact their ability to make payments;

•we are unable to maintain staffing levels necessary to operate our business due to the continued spread of a disease outbreak causing employees to be unable or unwilling to work;

•we are unable to collect on existing nonperforming loans or experience material decreases in our cash collections; or

•we are unable to purchase nonperforming loans needed to operate our business because credit originators become unable or unwilling to sell their nonperforming loans consistent with historical levels.

Our loss contingency accruals may not be adequate to cover actual losses.

We are involved in judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings or investigations concerning matters arising from our business activities. We establish accruals for potential liability arising from legal proceedings when it is probable that such liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. However, there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome. We may still incur legal costs for a matter even if we have not accrued a liability. In addition, actual losses may be higher than the amount accrued for a certain matter, or in the aggregate. An unfavorable resolution of a legal proceeding or claim could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. For more information, refer to the "Litigation and Regulatory Matters" section of Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

International Operations Risks

Our international operations expose us to risks which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A significant portion of our operations is conducted outside the U.S. This could expose us to adverse economic, industry and political conditions that may have a negative impact on our ability to manage our existing operations or pursue alternative strategic transactions, which could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The global nature of our operations expands the risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this section, including the following:

•changes in local political, economic, social and labor conditions in the markets in which we operate;

•foreign exchange controls on currency conversion and the transfer of funds that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned in countries outside the U.S. in a tax-efficient manner;

•currency exchange rate fluctuations, currency restructurings, inflation or deflation and our ability to manage these fluctuations through a foreign exchange risk management program;

•different employee/employer relationships, laws and regulations, union recognition and the existence of employment tribunals and works councils;

•laws and regulations imposed by international governments, including those governing data security, sharing and transfer;

•potentially adverse tax consequences resulting from changes in tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate or challenges to our interpretations and application of complex international tax laws;

•logistical, communications and other challenges caused by distance and cultural and language differences, each making it harder to do business in certain jurisdictions;

•volatility of global credit markets and the availability of consumer credit and financing in our international markets;

•uncertainty as to the enforceability of contract rights under local laws;

•the potential of forced nationalization of certain industries, or the impact on creditors' rights, consumer disposable income levels, flexibility and availability of consumer credit and the ability to enforce and collect aged or charged-off

debts stemming from international governmental actions, whether through austerity or stimulus measures or initiatives, intended to control or influence macroeconomic factors such as wages, unemployment, national output or consumption, inflation, investment, credit, finance, taxation or other economic drivers;

•the presence of varying levels of business corruption in international markets and the effect of various anti-corruption and other laws on our international operations;

•the impact on our day-to-day operations and our ability to staff our international operations given our changing labor conditions and long-term trends towards higher wages in developed and emerging international markets as well as the potential impact of union organizing efforts;

•potential damage to our reputation due to non-compliance with international and local laws; and

•the complexity and necessity of using non-U.S. representatives, consultants and other third-party vendors.

Any one of these factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Compliance with complex and evolving international and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations could increase our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions.

We operate on a global basis with offices and activities in a number of jurisdictions throughout the Americas, Europe and Australia. We face increased exposure to risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including compliance with complex international and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations, which could increase our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions. These laws and regulations include those related to taxation and anti-corruption laws such as the FCPA and the UK Bribery Act. Given the complexity of these laws, there is a risk that we may inadvertently breach certain provisions of these laws, such as through the negligent behavior of an employee or our failure to comply with certain formal documentation requirements. Violations of these laws and regulations by us, any of our employees or our third-party vendors, either inadvertently or intentionally, could result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, restrictions on our operations and ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries. Violations of these laws could also adversely affect our business, brand, international expansion efforts, ability to attract and retain employees and results of operations.

Additionally, new or pending international regulations, such as the EU Directive (2021/2167) on Credit Servicers and Credit Purchasers and the Financial Conduct Authority’s Consumer Duty proposals, could adversely affect our operations in Europe once they are effective and require implementation. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") recently issued Pillar Two model rules with the aim of ensuring that multinational enterprises pay a 15% effective tax rate in each jurisdiction. The EU adopted the OECD Pillar Two Directive with a beginning date of January 1, 2024. We are monitoring the enactment of Pillar Two legislation in EU countries and elsewhere to determine its potential impact on our financial results as well as monitoring U.S. amendments to the U.S. global intangible low-tax income ("GILTI"), if any. The implementation of Pillar Two and amendments to GILTI could significantly increase our U.S. and international income taxes.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

Our ability to collect and enforce our nonperforming loans may be limited under federal, state and international laws, regulations and policies.

Our operations are subject to licensing and regulation by governmental and regulatory bodies in the many jurisdictions in which we operate. U.S. federal and state laws, and the laws and regulations of the international countries in which we operate, may limit our ability to collect on and enforce our rights with respect to our nonperforming loans regardless of any act or omission on our part. Some laws and regulations applicable to credit issuers may preclude us from collecting on nonperforming loans we acquire if the credit issuer previously failed to comply with applicable laws in generating or servicing those accounts. Collection laws and regulations also directly apply to our business. Such laws and regulations are extensive and subject to change. A variety of state, federal and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, transmission, sharing and security of consumer data. Consumer protection and privacy protection laws, changes in the ways that existing rules or laws are interpreted or enforced and any procedures that may be implemented as a result of regulatory consent orders may adversely affect our ability to collect on our nonperforming loans and adversely affect our business. Our failure to comply with laws or regulations applicable to us could limit our ability to collect on our nonperforming loans, which could reduce our profitability and adversely affect our business.

Failure to comply with government regulation of the collections industry could result in penalties, fines, litigation, damage to our reputation or the suspension or termination of our ability to conduct our business.

The collections industry throughout the markets in which we operate is governed by various laws and regulations, many of which require us to be a licensed debt collector. Our industry is also at times investigated by regulators and offices of state

attorneys general, and subpoenas and other requests or demands for information may be issued by governmental authorities who are investigating debt collection activities. These investigations may result in enforcement actions, fines and penalties, or the assertion of private claims and lawsuits. If any such investigations result in findings that we or our vendors have failed to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could be subject to penalties, litigation losses and expenses, damage to our reputation, or the suspension or termination of, or required modification to, our ability to conduct collections, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In a number of jurisdictions, we must maintain licenses to purchase or own debt, and/or to perform debt recovery services and must satisfy related bonding requirements. Our failure to comply with existing licensing requirements, changing interpretations of existing requirements, or adoption of new licensing requirements, could restrict our ability to collect in certain jurisdictions, subject us to increased regulation, increase our costs or adversely affect our ability to purchase, own and/or collect our nonperforming loans.

Some laws, among other things, also may limit the interest rate and the fees that a credit originator may impose on our consumers, limit the time in which we may file legal actions to enforce consumer accounts and require specific account information for certain collection activities. In addition, local requirements and court rulings in various jurisdictions may affect our ability to collect.

Regulations and statutes applicable to our industry further provide that, in some cases, consumers cannot be held liable for, or their liability may be limited with respect to, charges to their debit or credit card accounts that resulted from unauthorized use of their credit. These laws, among others, may limit our ability to recover amounts owing with respect to the nonperforming loans, whether or not we committed any wrongful act or omission in connection with the account.

If we fail to comply with any applicable laws and regulations discussed above, such failure could result in penalties, litigation losses and expenses, damage to our reputation, or otherwise impact our ability to conduct collections efforts, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Investigations, reviews or enforcement actions by governmental authorities may result in changes to our business practices; negatively impact our nonperforming loan portfolio acquisition volume; make collection of nonperforming loans more difficult; or expose us to the risk of fines, penalties, restitution payments and litigation.

Our debt collection activities and business practices are subject to review from time to time by various governmental authorities and regulators, including the CFPB, which may commence investigations, reviews or enforcement actions targeted at businesses in the financial services industry. These investigations or reviews may involve individual consumer complaints or our debt collection policies and practices generally. Such investigations or reviews could lead to assertions by governmental authorities that we are not complying with applicable laws or regulations. In such circumstances, authorities may request or seek to impose a range of remedies that could involve potential compensatory or punitive damage claims, fines, restitution payments, sanctions or injunctive relief, that if agreed to or granted, could require us to make payments or incur other expenditures that could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position. The CFPB has the authority to obtain cease and desist orders (which can include orders for restitution or rescission of contracts, as well as other kinds of affirmative relief), recover costs, and impose monetary penalties (ranging from $5,000 per day to over $1 million per day, depending on the nature and gravity of the violation). In addition, where a company has violated Title X of the Dodd-Frank Act or CFPB regulations implemented thereunder, the Dodd-Frank Act empowers state attorneys general and other state regulators to bring civil actions to remedy violations under state law. Governmental authorities could also request or seek to require us to cease certain practices or institute new practices. Negative publicity relating to investigations or proceedings brought by governmental authorities could have an adverse impact on our reputation, harm our ability to conduct business with industry participants, and result in financial institutions reducing or eliminating sales of nonperforming loan portfolios to us which would harm our business and negatively impact our results of operations. Moreover, changing or modifying our internal policies or procedures, responding to governmental inquiries and investigations and defending lawsuits or other proceedings could require significant efforts on the part of management and result in increased costs to our business. In addition, such efforts could divert management's full attention from our business operations. All of these factors could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The CFPB has issued civil investigative demands ("CIDs") to many companies that it regulates, including PRA Group, and periodically examines practices regarding the collection of consumer debt. In September 2015, Portfolio Associates, LLC ("PRA"), our wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a consent order with the CFPB settling a previously disclosed investigation of certain debt collection practices of PRA (the "Consent Order"). As further discussed in the "Litigation and Regulatory Matters" section of Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K, we are in discussions with the CFPB regarding CIDs and requests for information issued by the CFPB to us related to our compliance with the Consent Order and applicable law. Although we believe we have implemented the requirements of the Consent Order,

there can be no assurance that additional litigation or new industry regulations currently under consideration by the CFPB would not have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The regulation of data privacy in the U.S and globally could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition by increasing our compliance costs or exposing us to the risk of liability.

A variety of jurisdictions in which we operate have laws and regulations concerning, privacy, cybersecurity, and the protection of personal data, including the EU GDPR, the UK GDPR, the U.S. GLBA, and the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. These laws and regulations create certain privacy rights for individuals and impose prescriptive operational requirements for covered businesses relating to the processing and protection of personal data and may also impose substantial penalties for non-compliance.

In addition, laws and regulations relating to privacy, cybersecurity and data protection are quickly evolving, and any such proposed or new legal frameworks could significantly impact our operations, financial performance and business. The application and enforcement of these evolving legal requirements is uncertain and may require us to further change or update our information practices, and could impose additional compliance costs and regulatory scrutiny.

We may incur significant costs complying with legal obligations and inquiries, investigations or any other government actions related to privacy, cybersecurity, and data protection. Such legal requirements and government actions also may impede our development of new products, services, or businesses, make existing products, services, or businesses unprofitable, increase our operating costs, require substantial management resources, result in adverse publicity and subject us to remedies that harm our business or profitability, including penalties or orders that we change or terminate current business practices. Our insurance policies may be insufficient to insure us against such risks, and future escalations in premiums and deductibles under these policies may render them uneconomical.

Changes in tax provisions or exposures to additional tax liabilities could have an adverse tax effect on our financial condition.

We record reserves for uncertain tax positions based on our assessment of the probability of successfully sustaining tax filing positions. Management exercises significant judgment when assessing the probability of successfully sustaining tax filing positions, in determining whether a tax liability should be recorded and, if so, estimating that amount. Our tax filings are subject to audit by domestic and international tax authorities. If our tax filing positions are successfully challenged, payments could be required that are in excess of reserved amounts or we may be required to reduce the carrying amount of our net deferred tax asset, either of which could be significant to our financial condition or results of operations. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may adversely or beneficially affect our financial results in the period(s) for which such determination is made.

Financial and Liquidity Risks

We expect to use leverage in executing our business strategy, which may adversely affect the return on our assets.

We may incur a substantial amount of debt in the future. Our existing indebtedness is recourse to us, and we anticipate that future indebtedness will likewise be recourse. As of December 31, 2022, we had total consolidated indebtedness of approximately $2.5 billion, all of which, except for $345.0 million outstanding principal amount of our 3.50% Convertible Notes due 2023 (the "2023 Convertible Notes"), $300.0 million outstanding principal amount of our 7.375% Senior Notes due 2025 (the "2025 Notes"), and $350.0 million outstanding principal amount of our 5.00% Senior Notes due 2029 (the "2029 Notes" and together with the 2025 Notes, the "Senior Notes"), was secured indebtedness. In addition, as of December 31, 2022, we had total committed revolving borrowing capacity of $1.6 billion available under our credit facilities, all of which if borrowed would be secured indebtedness. Considering borrowing base restrictions and other covenants, the amount available to be borrowed under our credit facilities would have been $465.1 million as of December 31, 2022. Our management team will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and when making decisions regarding the incurrence of any new indebtedness, including the purchase price of assets to be acquired with debt financing, the estimated market value of our assets and the ability of particular assets and the Company as a whole, to generate cash flow to cover the expected debt service.

Incurring a substantial amount of debt could have important consequences for our business, including:

•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt or to our trade or other creditors;

•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions;

•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund capital expenditures and acquisitions, particularly when the availability of financing in the capital markets is constrained;

•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations and reducing our ability to use our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate requirements;

•increasing the amount of interest expense because most of the indebtedness under our credit facilities bear interest at floating rates, which, if interest rates increase, will result in higher interest expense;

•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and

•placing us at a competitive disadvantage to less leveraged competitors.

We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us through capital markets financings, under credit facilities or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to repay our indebtedness, repurchase our 2023 Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change or settle conversions in cash, repurchase our Senior Notes upon a change of control or fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, at or before its scheduled maturity. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, we may incur additional indebtedness in order to finance our operations or to repay existing indebtedness. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets, seeking additional debt or equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances. We cannot assure you that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or on terms that would be advantageous to our stockholders or on terms that would not require us to breach the terms and conditions of our existing or future debt agreements.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations.

Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to make scheduled payments on our debt obligations will depend on our current and future financial performance, which is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. In the future, we may fail to generate sufficient cash flow from the collection of nonperforming loans to meet our cash requirements. Further, our capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned if, for example, our revenues do not reach expected levels, we have to incur unforeseen expenses, we invest in acquisitions or make other investments that we believe will benefit our competitive position. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, including interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, selling assets or seeking to raise additional capital. We cannot provide assurance that any refinancing would be possible, that any assets could be sold, or, if sold, of the timeliness and amount of proceeds realized from those sales, that additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all, or that additional financing would be permitted under the terms of our various debt instruments then in effect. Furthermore, our ability to refinance would depend upon the condition of the finance and credit markets. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or on a timely basis, would materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations and may delay or prevent the expansion of our business.

The agreements governing our indebtedness include provisions that may restrict our financial and business operations.

Our credit facilities and the indentures that govern our 2023 Convertible Notes and our Senior Notes contain financial and other restrictive covenants, including restrictions on how we operate our business and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. These restrictions may interfere with our ability to engage in other necessary or desirable business activities, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Failure to satisfy any one of these covenants could result in negative consequences, including the following:

•acceleration of outstanding indebtedness;

•exercise by our lenders of rights with respect to the collateral pledged under certain of our outstanding indebtedness;

•our inability to continue to purchase nonperforming loans needed to operate our business; or

•our inability to secure alternative financing on favorable terms, if at all.

Cybersecurity and Technology Risks

A cybersecurity incident could damage our reputation and adversely impact our business and financial results.

Our business is highly dependent on our ability to process and monitor a large number of transactions across markets and in multiple currencies. We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business, including systems developed and administered by third parties. Many of these systems contain sensitive and confidential information, including personal data,

our trade secrets and proprietary business information, and information and materials owned by or pertaining to our business customers, vendors and business partners. The secure maintenance of this information, and the information technology systems on which they reside, is critical to our business strategy as well as our operations and financial performance. As we expand geographically, and our reliance on information technology systems increases, maintaining the security of such systems and our data becomes more significant and challenging.

Although we take a number of steps to protect our information technology systems, the attacks that companies have experienced have increased in number, sophistication and complexity over the past few years.

Accordingly, we may suffer data security incidents or other cybersecurity incidents, which could compromise our systems and networks, creating system disruptions and exploiting vulnerabilities in our products and services. Any such breach or other incident also could result in the personal data or other confidential or proprietary information stored on our systems and networks, or our vendors’ systems and networks, being improperly accessed, acquired or modified, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen, which could subject us to liability to our customers, vendors, business partners and others. We seek to detect and investigate such incidents and to prevent their recurrence where practicable through preventive and remedial measures, but such measures may not be successful.

Should a cybersecurity incident occur, we may be required to expend significant resources to notify affected parties, modify our protective measures or investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures. Additionally, such cybersecurity events could cause reputational damage and subject us to fines, penalties, litigation costs and settlements and financial losses that may not be fully covered by our cybersecurity insurance. To date, disruptions to our information technology systems, due to outages, security breaches or other causes, including cybersecurity incidents have not had a material impact on our business. However, any such disruption could have significant consequences for our business, including financial loss and reputational damage.

The underperformance or failure of our information technology infrastructure, networks or communication systems could result in loss in productivity, loss of competitive advantage and business disruption.

We depend on effective information and communication systems to operate our business. We have also acquired and expect to acquire additional systems as a result of business acquisitions. Significant resources are required to maintain or enhance our existing information and telephone systems and to replace obsolete systems. Although we periodically upgrade, streamline, and integrate our systems and have invested in strategies to prevent a failure, our systems are susceptible to outages due to natural disasters, power loss, computer viruses, security breaches, hardware or software vulnerabilities, disruptions, and similar events. Failure to adequately implement or maintain effective and efficient information systems with sufficiently advanced technological capabilities, or our failure to efficiently and effectively consolidate our information systems to eliminate redundant or obsolete applications, could cause us to lose our competitive advantage, divert management’s time, result in a loss of productivity or disrupt business operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our corporate headquarters and primary domestic operations facilities are located in Norfolk, Virginia. In addition, at December 31, 2022, we had 15 operational centers in the Americas and Australia (12 leased and three owned), and nine in Europe (all leased).

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We and our subsidiaries are from time to time subject to a variety of routine legal and regulatory claims, inquiries and proceedings, most of which are incidental to the ordinary course of our business. We initiate lawsuits against customers and are occasionally countersued by them in such actions. Also, customers, either individually, as members of a class action, or through a governmental entity on behalf of customers, may initiate litigation against us in which they allege that we have violated a state or federal law in the process of collecting on an account. From time to time, other types of lawsuits are brought against us.

Refer to Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Common Stock

Our common stock is traded on Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "PRAA." Based on information provided by our transfer agent and registrar, as of February 21, 2023, there were 44 holders of record.

Stock Performance

The following graph and subsequent table compare from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2022, the cumulative stockholder returns assuming an initial investment of $100 in our common stock (PRAA), the stocks comprising the Nasdaq Financial 100 (IXF) and the stocks comprising the Nasdaq Global Market Composite Index (NQGM) at the beginning of the period. Any dividends paid during the five-year period are assumed to be reinvested.


	Ticker	2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022
PRA Group, Inc.	PRAA	$	100	$	73	$	109	$	119	$	151	$	102
Nasdaq Financial 100	IXF	$	100	$	92	$	119	$	123	$	156	$	119
Nasdaq Global Market Composite Index	NQGM	$	100	$	94	$	129	$	213	$	180	$	100

The comparisons of stock performance shown above are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of our common stock. We do not make or endorse any predictions as to our future stock performance.

Dividend Policy

Our Board of Directors sets our dividend policy. We do not currently pay regular dividends on our common stock and did not pay dividends during the three years ended December 31, 2022; however, our Board of Directors may determine in the future to declare or pay dividends on our common stock. Our credit facilities and the indentures that govern our 2023 Convertible Notes, 2025 Notes and 2029 Notes contain financial and other restrictive covenants, including restrictions on how we operate our business and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on conditions then existing, including our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may consider relevant.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Share Repurchase Programs

On February 25, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding common stock. For more information, see Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources" of this Form 10-K.

We did not repurchase any common stock during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Objective

This discussion is from the perspective of management and is intended to help the reader understand our financial condition, cash flows and other changes in financial condition and results of operations. It should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Additionally, this discussion includes material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be indicative of our future operating results or of our future financial condition.

Executive Overview

We are a global financial and business services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and Australia. Our primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans. For the year ended December 31, 2022 we had:

•Total portfolio purchases of $850.0 million.

•Total cash collections of $1.7 billion.

•Estimated remaining collections ("ERC") of $5.7 billion.

•Cash efficiency ratio of 61.0%.

•Diluted earnings per share of $2.94.

Leading financial industry publications have indicated that excess consumer liquidity has resulted in lower levels of charge offs across most lending institutions, primarily in the U.S. As a result, this has caused a decrease in the supply of portfolios available for purchase in the U.S. during 2021 and 2022 resulting in a lower level of portfolio purchases and pricing pressures. We expect these trends to continue temporarily; however, consistent with our experience during previous economic cycles, we believe charge offs will increase. This should lead to a greater level of supply, which we anticipate could occur in the coming months.

Furthermore, the combination of robust demand for goods and services and lingering supply chain constraints continue to contribute to elevated levels of inflation, rising interest rates, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, and concerns of global recession. We cannot predict the full extent to which these items will impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. See Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Frequently Used Terms

We may use the following terminology throughout this Form 10-K:

•"Buybacks" refers to purchase price refunded by the seller due to the return of ineligible accounts.

•"Cash collections" refers to collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

•"Cash receipts" refers to cash collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios, fees and revenue recognized from our class action claims recovery services.

•"Change in expected recoveries" refers to the differences of actual recoveries received when compared to expected recoveries and the net present value of changes in estimated remaining collections.

•"Core" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios that are nonperforming loans and are not in an insolvent status upon acquisition. These accounts are aggregated separately from insolvency accounts.

•"Estimated remaining collections" or "ERC" refers to the sum of all future projected cash collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

•"Finance receivables" or "receivables" refers to the negative allowance for expected recoveries recorded on our balance sheet as an asset.

•"Insolvency" accounts or portfolios refer to accounts or portfolios of nonperforming loans that are in an insolvent status when we purchase them and as such are purchased as a pool of insolvent accounts. These accounts include IVAs, Trust Deeds in the UK, Consumer Proposals in Canada and bankruptcy accounts in the U.S., Canada, Germany and the UK.

•"Negative Allowance" refers to the present value of expected cash collections on our finance receivables.

•"Portfolio acquisitions" refers to all nonperforming loan portfolios acquired as a result of a purchase, but also includes portfolios added as a result of a business acquisition.

•"Portfolio purchases" refers to all nonperforming loan portfolios purchased in the normal course of business and excludes those added as a result of business acquisitions.

•"Portfolio income" reflects revenue recorded due to the passage of time using the effective interest rate calculated based on the purchase price of nonperforming loan portfolios and estimated remaining collections.

•"Purchase price" refers to the cash paid to a seller to acquire nonperforming loans.

•"Purchase price multiple" refers to the total estimated collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios divided by purchase price.

•"Recoveries" refers to cash collections plus buybacks and other adjustments.

•"Total estimated collections" or "TEC" refers to actual cash collections plus estimated remaining collections on our nonperforming loan portfolios.

Unless otherwise specified, references to 2022, 2021 and 2020 are for the years ended December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Results of Operations

The results of operations include the financial results of the Company and all of our subsidiaries. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. Fee Income is now included within Other revenue on our Consolidated Income Statements. The following table sets forth Consolidated Income Statement amounts as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):


	2022				2021				2020
Revenues:
Portfolio income	$	772,315	79.9	%	$	875,327	79.9	%	$	984,036	92.4	%
Changes in expected recoveries	168,904		17.5		197,904		18.1		69,297		6.5
Total portfolio revenue	941,219		97.4		1,073,231		98.0		1,053,333		98.9

Other revenue	25,305		2.6		22,501		2.0		12,081		1.1
Total revenues	966,524		100.0		1,095,732		100.0		1,065,414		100.0

Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee services	285,537		29.5		301,981		27.6		295,150		27.7
Legal collection fees	38,450		4.0		47,206		4.3		53,758		5.1
Legal collection costs	76,757		7.9		78,330		7.1		101,635		9.5
Agency fees	63,808		6.6		63,140		5.8		56,418		5.3
Outside fees and services	92,355		9.6		92,615		8.5		84,087		7.9
Communication	39,205		4.1		42,755		3.9		40,801		3.8
Rent and occupancy	18,589		1.9		18,376		1.7		17,973		1.7
Depreciation and amortization	15,243		1.6		15,256		1.4		18,465		1.7
Other operating expenses	50,778		5.2		61,077		5.5		47,426		4.5

Total operating expenses	680,722		70.4		720,736		65.8		715,713		67.2

Income from operations	285,802		29.6		374,996		34.2		349,701		32.8
Other income and (expense):

Interest expense, net	(130,677)		(13.6)		(124,143)		(11.3)		(141,712)		(13.2)
Foreign exchange gain/(loss), net	985		0.1		(809)		(0.1)		2,005		0.2
Other	(1,325)		(0.1)		282		—		(1,049)		(0.2)
Income before income taxes	154,785		16.0		250,326		22.8		208,945		19.6
Income tax expense	36,787		3.8		54,817		5.0		41,203		3.9
Net income	117,998		12.2		195,509		17.8		167,742		15.7
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	851		0.1		12,351		1.1		18,403		1.7
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	117,147	12.1	%	$	183,158	16.7	%	$	149,339	14.0	%

Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared With Year Ended December 31, 2021

Cash Collections

Cash collections for the years indicated were as follows (amounts in millions):


	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Americas and Australia Core	$	946.1	$	1,206.9	$	(260.8)	(21.6)	%
Americas Insolvency	129.4		147.3		(17.9)		(12.2)
Europe Core	559.7		614.6		(54.9)		(8.9)
Europe Insolvency	93.9		92.9		1.0		1.1
Total cash collections	$	1,729.1	$	2,061.7	$	(332.6)	(16.1)	%

Cash collections adjusted (1)	$	1,729.1	$	1,986.9	$	(257.8)	(13.0)	%

(1) Cash collections adjusted refers to 2021 cash collections translated using 2022 exchange rates.

Cash collections were $1,729.1 million in 2022, a decrease of $332.6 million, or 16.1%, compared to $2,061.7 million in 2021. The decrease was largely due to a decrease of $229.5 million, or 30.6%, in cash collections in U.S. call center and other collections, which we believe was mainly due to higher collections driven by excess consumer liquidity during 2021 coupled with lower levels of portfolio purchasing. Additionally, U.S. legal cash collections decreased $41.2 million, or 12.3%, mainly reflecting the impact from the lower volume of accounts placed in the legal channel in the last few years. Europe cash collections decreased by $53.9 million, or 7.6%, reflecting a $76.1 million impact from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar partially offset by higher levels of portfolio purchases in the last few years.

Revenues

Revenue generation for the years indicated were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Portfolio income	$	772,315	$	875,327	$	(103,012)	(11.8)	%
Changes in expected recoveries	168,904		197,904		(29,000)		(14.7)
Total portfolio revenue	941,219		1,073,231		(132,012)		(12.3)

Other revenue	25,305		22,501		2,804		12.5
Total revenues	$	966,524	$	1,095,732	$	(129,208)	(11.8)	%

Total Portfolio Revenue

Total portfolio revenue was $941.2 million in 2022, a decrease of $132.0 million, or 12.3%, compared to $1,073.2 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by lower levels of portfolio purchasing, lower levels of cash overperformance, and the impact of foreign exchange. These decreases were partially offset by an increase to our forecasted ERC in certain pools.

Other Revenue

Other revenue was $25.3 million in 2022, an increase of $2.8 million, or 12.5%, compared to $22.5 million in 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to settlement timing in our claims processing company, CCB.

Operating Expenses

Total operating expenses were $680.7 million in 2022, a decrease of $40.0 million, or 5.6%, compared to $720.7 million in 2021.

Compensation and Employee Services

Compensation and employee service expenses were $285.5 million in 2022, a decrease of $16.5 million, or 5.5%, compared to $302.0 million in 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower levels of compensation accruals and a decrease in collector compensation expenses in the U.S. call centers. Total full-time equivalents decreased 4.9% to 3,277 as of December 31, 2022 from 3,446 as of December 31, 2021 mainly reflecting natural attrition.

Legal Collection Fees

Legal collection fees represent contingent fees incurred for the cash collections generated by our independent third-party attorney network. Legal collection fees were $38.4 million in 2022, a decrease of $8.8 million, or 18.6%, compared to $47.2 million in 2021. The decrease was mainly due to lower external legal cash collections in the U.S.

Legal Collection Costs

Legal collection costs primarily consist of costs paid to courts where a lawsuit is filed for the purpose of attempting to collect on an account. Legal collection costs were $76.8 million in 2022, compared to $78.3 million in 2021.

Agency Fees

Agency fees primarily represent third-party collection fees. Agency fees were $63.8 million in 2022, compared to $63.1 million in 2021.

Communication

Communication expenses primarily represent postage and telephone related expenses incurred as a result of our collection efforts. Communication expenses were $39.2 million in 2022, a decrease of $3.6 million, or 8.4%, compared to $42.8 million in 2021. The decrease mainly reflects a decrease in postage expenses due to lower portfolio purchasing in the U.S.

Other

Other expenses were $50.8 million in 2022, a decrease of $10.3 million, or 16.9%, compared to $61.1 million in 2021. The decrease primarily reflects lower advertising costs.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net for the years indicated were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Interest on debt obligations and unused line fees	$	71,108	$	76,759	$	(5,651)	(7.4)	%
Interest on senior notes	39,625		26,889		12,736		47.4
Coupon interest on convertible notes	12,075		12,075		—		—
Amortization of loan fees and other loan costs	10,097		9,508		589		6.2
Interest income	(2,228)		(1,088)		(1,140)		104.8
Interest expense, net	$	130,677	$	124,143	$	6,534	5.3	%

Interest expense, net was $130.7 million in 2022, an increase of $6.5 million, or 5.3%, compared to $124.1 million in 2021 primarily due to higher interest rates.

Foreign Exchange Gain/(Loss), Net

Foreign exchange gains were $1.0 million in 2022 compared to foreign exchange losses of $0.8 million in 2021. In any given period, we may incur foreign currency exchange gains or losses from transactions in currencies other than the functional currency. Refer to our Currency Exchange Risk discussion in Item 7A of this Form 10-K.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $36.8 million in 2022, a decrease of $18.0 million, or 32.8%, compared to $54.8 million in 2021. In 2022, our effective tax rate was 23.8% compared to 21.9% in 2021. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily due to lower income before income taxes, which decreased $95.5 million, or 38.2%. The increase in effective tax rate was mainly due to a change in the mix of income from different taxing justifications, return to provision adjustments and the lack of beneficial tax rate changes offset by valuation allowance releases on net operating losses.

Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared To Year Ended December 31, 2020

Refer to Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2021 Form 10-K for a discussion of our 2021 results compared to our 2020 results.

Supplemental Performance Data

Finance Receivables Portfolio Performance

We purchase portfolios of nonperforming loans from a variety of credit originators or acquire portfolios through business acquisitions and segregate them into two main portfolio segments: Core or Insolvency, based on the status of the account upon acquisition. In addition, the accounts are segregated into geographical regions based upon where the account was acquired. Ultimately, accounts are aggregated into annual pools based on portfolio segment, geography, and year of acquisition. Portfolios of accounts that were in an insolvency status at the time of acquisition are represented in the Insolvency tables below. All other acquisitions of portfolios of accounts are included in our Core portfolio tables as represented below. Once an account is initially segregated, it is not later transferred from an Insolvency pool to a Core pool or vice versa and the account continues to be accounted for as originally segregated regardless of any future changes in operational status. Specifically, if a Core account files for bankruptcy or insolvency protection after acquisition, we adjust our collection practices to comply with any respective bankruptcy or insolvency rules or policies; however, the account remains in the Core pool. In the event an insolvency account is dismissed from its bankruptcy or insolvency status whether voluntarily or involuntarily, we are typically free to pursue alternative collection activities.

The purchase price multiple represents our estimate of total cash collections over the original purchase price of the portfolio. Purchase price multiples can vary over time due to a variety of factors, including pricing competition, supply levels, paper type, age of the accounts acquired, mix of portfolios purchased and changes in operational efficiency. For example, increased pricing due to elevated levels of competition or supply constraints negatively impacts purchase price multiples as we pay more to buy similar portfolios of nonperforming loans.

Further, there is a direct relationship between the price we pay for a portfolio, the purchase price multiple and the effective interest rate of the pool. When we pay more for a portfolio, the purchase price multiple and effective interest rates are lower. The opposite tends to occur when we pay less for a portfolio. We incur lower collection costs on certain types of accounts we purchase for which we are able to generally pay more for these types of accounts. This typically results in lower purchase price multiples, while generating similar net income margins when compared with other portfolio purchases. Within a given portfolio type, to the extent that lower purchase price multiples are the result of more competitive pricing, this will generally lead to lower profitability. As portfolio pricing becomes more favorable on a relative basis, our profitability will tend to increase. Profitability within given Core portfolio types may also be impacted by the age and quality of the accounts, which impact the cost to collect those accounts. Fresher accounts, for example, typically carry lower associated collection costs, while older accounts and lower balance accounts typically carry higher costs and, as a result, require higher purchase price multiples to achieve the same net profitability as fresher paper.

Revenue recognition is driven by estimates of the amount and timing of future cash collections. We record new portfolio acquisitions at the purchase price, which reflects the amount we expect to collect discounted at an effective interest rate. During the year of acquisition, portfolios are aggregated into annual pools, and the blended effective interest rate will change to reflect new buying and new cash flow estimates until the end of the year. At that time, the purchase price amount is fixed at the aggregated amounts paid to acquire the portfolio, the effective interest rate is fixed at the amount we expect to collect, discounted at the rate to equate purchase price to the recovery estimate and the currency rates are fixed for purposes of comparability in future periods. Depending on the level of performance and expected future impacts from our operations, we may update ERC and TEC levels based on the results of our cash forecasting with the correlating adjustment to the purchase price multiple. We follow an established process to evaluate ERC. During the first years following purchase, we typically do not increase our purchase price multiples. Following the initial years, as we gain collection experience and confidence with a pool of accounts we may begin to adjust our purchase price multiples. Over time, our TEC has often increased as pools have aged resulting in the ratio of ERC to purchase price for any given year of buying to gradually increase. Thus, all factors being equal in terms of pricing, one would typically tend to see a higher collection to purchase price ratio from a pool of accounts that was six years from acquisition than a pool that was just two years from acquisition.

The numbers presented in the following tables represent gross cash collections and do not reflect any costs to collect; therefore, they may not represent relative profitability. Due to all the factors described above, readers should be cautious when making comparisons of purchase price multiples among periods and between types of categories of portfolio segments and related geographies.


Purchase Price Multiples as of December 31, 2022 Amounts in thousands
Purchase Period	Purchase Price (2)(3)		Total Estimated Collections (4)		Estimated Remaining Collections (5)		Current Purchase Price Multiple	Original Purchase Price Multiple (6)
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2012	$	1,541,897	$	4,798,281	$	42,398	311%	238%
2013	390,826		905,829		17,025		232%	211%
2014	404,117		872,066		26,384		216%	204%
2015	443,114		905,285		55,162		204%	205%
2016	455,767		1,081,751		93,292		237%	201%
2017	532,851		1,208,081		156,253		227%	193%
2018	653,975		1,464,612		225,935		224%	202%
2019	581,476		1,294,519		288,207		223%	206%
2020	435,668		948,088		337,470		218%	213%
2021	435,846		811,328		553,876		186%	191%
2022	406,082		726,523		659,290		179%	179%
Subtotal	6,281,619		15,016,363		2,455,292
Americas Insolvency
1996-2012	1,038,222		2,146,283		285		207%	165%
2013	227,834		355,578		142		156%	133%
2014	148,420		218,674		392		147%	124%
2015	63,170		87,891		279		139%	125%
2016	91,442		117,449		612		128%	123%
2017	275,257		355,272		4,406		129%	125%
2018	97,879		137,315		16,401		140%	127%
2019	123,077		168,002		46,299		137%	128%
2020	62,130		89,698		46,704		144%	136%
2021	55,187		72,934		50,407		132%	136%
2022	33,442		46,651		43,464		139%	139%
Subtotal	2,216,060		3,795,747		209,391
Total Americas and Australia	8,497,679		18,812,110		2,664,683
Europe Core
2012	20,409		43,718		—		214%	187%
2013	20,334		26,909		—		132%	119%
2014 (1)	773,811		2,365,317		406,593		306%	208%
2015	411,340		728,250		153,190		177%	160%
2016	333,090		567,637		189,769		170%	167%
2017	252,174		358,816		119,854		142%	144%
2018	341,775		540,246		220,787		158%	148%
2019	518,610		798,429		373,658		154%	152%
2020	324,119		557,983		305,148		172%	172%
2021	412,411		699,520		498,755		170%	170%
2022	359,447		660,999		546,522		184%	184%
Subtotal	3,767,520		7,347,824		2,814,276
Europe Insolvency
2014 (1)	10,876		18,611		—		171%	129%
2015	18,973		28,950		125		153%	139%
2016	39,338		56,990		1,500		145%	130%
2017	39,235		50,905		4,673		130%	128%
2018	44,908		52,582		11,526		117%	123%
2019	77,218		110,515		35,296		143%	130%
2020	105,440		153,006		66,106		145%	129%
2021	53,230		71,526		45,007		134%	134%
2022	44,604		61,057		56,551		137%	137%
Subtotal	433,822		604,142		220,784
Total Europe	4,201,342		7,951,966		3,035,060
Total PRA Group	$	12,699,021	$	26,764,076	$	5,699,743

(1)Includes finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through the acquisition of Aktiv Kapital AS in 2014 (as described in Item 1 of this Form 10-K).

(2)Includes the acquisition date finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

(3)Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the exchange rate at the end of the year in which the portfolio was purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the portfolio are presented at the year-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

(4)Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the year-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

(5)Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the December 31, 2022 exchange rate.

(6)The Original Purchase Price Multiple represents the purchase price multiple at the end of the year of acquisition.


Portfolio Financial Information For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 Amounts in thousands
Purchase Period	Cash Collections (2)		Portfolio Income (2)		Changes in Expected Recoveries (2)		Total Portfolio Revenue (2)		Net Finance Receivables as of December 31, 2022 (3)
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2012	$	23,470	$	12,731	$	10,208	$	22,939	$	10,343
2013	12,526		4,728		6,476		11,204		7,438
2014	14,998		6,106		7,433		13,539		10,541
2015	19,542		12,818		(3,411)		9,407		21,250
2016	38,350		28,246		(16,381)		11,865		31,464
2017	76,269		41,197		(4,578)		36,619		68,396
2018	146,106		55,912		49,297		105,209		125,682
2019	177,717		76,857		21,872		98,729		159,586
2020	192,001		88,284		1,918		90,202		195,163
2021	177,340		112,434		(45,560)		66,874		298,645
2022	67,735		44,054		1,401		45,455		381,914
Subtotal	946,054		483,367		28,675		512,042		1,310,422
Americas Insolvency
1996-2012	1,066		572		494		1,066		—
2013	535		232		305		537		—
2014	718		717		(87)		630		46
2015	596		165		354		519		140
2016	1,810		299		932		1,231		481
2017	20,751		2,489		1,941		4,430		3,970
2018	24,627		3,282		3,301		6,583		15,207
2019	37,815		5,933		4,770		10,703		42,207
2020	20,361		5,830		3,386		9,216		39,299
2021	17,904		6,699		(753)		5,946		40,900
2022	3,186		1,778		1,239		3,017		32,797
Subtotal	129,369		27,996		15,882		43,878		175,047
Total Americas and Australia	1,075,423		511,363		44,557		555,920		1,485,469
Europe Core
2012	870		—		871		871		—
2013	481		—		481		481		—
2014 (1)	122,232		73,843		41,828		115,671		114,254
2015	40,701		19,278		7,740		27,018		83,984
2016	36,912		17,962		2,616		20,578		112,355
2017	25,151		8,750		3,081		11,831		82,457
2018	50,702		17,202		8,425		25,627		146,171
2019	89,820		27,307		18,949		46,256		255,401
2020	69,045		26,602		5,300		31,902		188,109
2021	89,938		39,653		2,889		42,542		301,235
2022	33,867		12,051		5,727		17,778		341,819
Subtotal	559,719		242,648		97,907		340,555		1,625,785
Europe Insolvency
2014 (1)	238		14		211		225		—
2015	649		182		(4)		178		104
2016	2,710		634		104		738		1,131
2017	6,499		593		1,371		1,964		4,325
2018	9,828		1,218		863		2,081		10,512
2019	21,020		3,458		7,268		10,726		30,837
2020	34,086		6,011		14,364		20,375		57,627
2021	14,417		4,637		1,312		5,949		36,707
2022	4,452		1,557		951		2,508		42,511
Subtotal	93,899		18,304		26,440		44,744		183,754
Total Europe	653,618		260,952		124,347		385,299		1,809,539
Total PRA Group	$	1,729,041	$	772,315	$	168,904	$	941,219	$	3,295,008

(1)Includes finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through the acquisition of Aktiv Kapital AS in 2014 (as described in Item 1 of this Form 10-K).

(2)Non-U.S. amounts are presented using the average exchange rates during the current reporting period.

(3)Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the December 31, 2022 exchange rate.


Cash Collections by Year, By Year of Purchase (1) as of December 31, 2022 Amounts in millions
			Cash Collections
Purchase Period	Purchase Price (3)(4)		1996-2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		Total
Americas and Australia Core
1996-2012	$	1,541.9	$	2,962.4	$	554.9	$	412.5	$	280.4	$	179.0	$	118.0	$	83.8	$	62.9	$	41.5	$	29.8	$	23.5	$	4,748.7
2013	390.8		—		101.6		247.8		194.0		120.8		78.9		56.4		36.9		23.2		16.7		12.5		888.8
2014	404.1		—		—		92.7		253.4		170.3		114.2		82.2		55.3		31.9		22.3		15.0		837.3
2015	443.1		—		—		—		117.0		228.4		185.9		126.6		83.6		57.2		34.9		19.5		853.1
2016	455.8		—		—		—				138.7		256.5		194.6		140.6		105.9		74.2		38.4		948.9
2017	532.9		—		—		—		—		—		107.3		278.7		256.5		192.5		130.0		76.3		1,041.3
2018	654.0		—		—		—		—		—		—		122.7		361.9		337.7		239.9		146.1		1,208.3
2019	581.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		143.8		349.0		289.8		177.7		960.3
2020	435.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		133.0		284.3		192.0		609.3
2021	435.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		85.0		177.3		262.3
2022	406.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		67.8		67.8
Subtotal	6,281.7		2,962.4		656.5		753.0		844.8		837.2		860.8		945.0		1,141.5		1,271.9		1,206.9		946.1		12,426.1
Americas Insolvency
1996-2012	1,038.2		1,021.6		417.3		338.8		208.3		105.3		37.7		8.3		4.0		2.2		1.4		1.1		2,146.0
2013	227.8		—		52.5		82.6		81.7		63.4		47.8		21.9		2.9		1.3		0.8		0.5		355.4
2014	148.4		—		—		37.0		50.9		44.3		37.4		28.8		15.8		2.2		1.1		0.7		218.2
2015	63.2		—		—		—		3.4		17.9		20.1		19.8		16.7		7.9		1.3		0.6		87.7
2016	91.4		—		—		—		—		18.9		30.4		25.0		19.9		14.4		7.4		1.8		117.8
2017	275.3		—		—		—		—		—		49.1		97.3		80.9		58.8		44.0		20.8		350.9
2018	97.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.7		27.4		30.5		31.6		24.6		120.8
2019	123.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		13.4		31.4		39.1		37.8		121.7
2020	62.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.5		16.1		20.4		43.0
2021	55.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.5		17.9		22.4
2022	33.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		3.2		3.2
Subtotal	2,216.0		1,021.6		469.8		458.4		344.3		249.8		222.5		207.8		181.0		155.2		147.3		129.4		3,587.1
Total Americas and Australia	8,497.7		3,984.0		1,126.3		1,211.4		1,189.1		1,087.0		1,083.3		1,152.8		1,322.5		1,427.1		1,354.2		1,075.5		16,013.2
Europe Core
2012	20.4		11.6		9.0		5.6		3.2		2.2		2.0		2.0		1.5		1.2		1.2		0.9		40.4
2013	20.3		—		7.1		8.5		2.3		1.3		1.2		1.3		0.9		0.7		0.7		0.5		24.5
2014 (2)	773.8		—		—		153.2		292.0		246.4		220.8		206.3		172.9		149.8		149.2		122.2		1,712.8
2015	411.3		—		—		—		45.8		100.3		86.2		80.9		66.1		54.3		51.4		40.7		525.7
2016	333.1		—		—		—		—		40.4		78.9		72.6		58.0		48.3		46.7		36.9		381.8
2017	252.2		—		—		—		—		—		17.9		56.0		44.1		36.1		34.8		25.2		214.1
2018	341.8		—		—		—		—		—		—		24.3		88.7		71.2		69.1		50.7		304.0
2019	518.6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		47.9		125.7		121.4		89.8		384.8
2020	324.1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		32.4		91.7		69.0		193.1
2021	412.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		48.4		89.9		138.3
2022	359.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		33.9		33.9
Subtotal	3,767.5		11.6		16.1		167.3		343.3		390.6		407.0		443.4		480.1		519.7		614.6		559.7		3,953.4
Europe Insolvency
2014 (2)	10.9		—		—		—		4.3		3.9		3.2		2.6		1.5		0.8		0.3		0.3		16.9
2015	19.0		—		—		—		3.0		4.4		5.0		4.8		3.9		2.9		1.6		0.6		26.2
2016	39.3		—		—		—		—		6.2		12.7		12.9		10.7		7.9		6.0		2.7		59.1
2017	39.2		—		—		—		—		—		1.2		7.9		9.2		9.8		9.4		6.5		44.0
2018	44.9		—		—		—		—		—		—		0.6		8.4		10.3		11.7		9.8		40.8
2019	77.2		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5.1		21.1		23.9		21.0		71.1
2020	105.4		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		6.1		34.6		34.1		74.8
2021	53.3		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5.4		14.4		19.8
2022	44.6		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4.5		4.5
Subtotal	433.8		—		—		—		7.3		14.5		22.1		28.8		38.8		58.9		92.9		93.9		357.2
Total Europe	4,201.3		11.6		16.1		167.3		350.6		405.1		429.1		472.2		518.9		578.6		707.5		653.6		4,310.6
Total PRA Group	$	12,699.0	$	3,995.6	$	1,142.4	$	1,378.7	$	1,539.7	$	1,492.1	$	1,512.4	$	1,625.0	$	1,841.4	$	2,005.7	$	2,061.7	$	1,729.1	$	20,323.8

(1)Non-U.S. amounts are presented using the average exchange rates during the cash collection period.

(2)Includes finance receivables portfolios that were acquired through the acquisition of Aktiv Kapital AS in 2014 (as described in Item 1 of this Form 10-K).

(3)Includes the nonperforming loan portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

(4)Non-U.S. amounts are presented at the exchange rate at the end of the year in which the portfolios were purchased. In addition, any purchase price adjustments that occur throughout the life of the pool are presented at the year-end exchange rate for the respective year of purchase.

Estimated Remaining Collections

The following chart shows our ERC of $5,699.7 million at December 31, 2022 by geographical region (amounts in millions).

The following chart shows our ERC by year, by geography as of December 31, 2022. The forecast amounts reflect our current estimate of how much we expect to collect on our portfolios. These estimates are translated to U.S. dollars at the December 31, 2022 exchange rate.

The following table displays our ERC by year, by geography as of December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands).


ERC By Year By Geography
	Americas and Australia Core		Americas Insolvency		Europe Core		Europe Insolvency		Total
2023	$	803,547	$	91,220	$	490,519	$	77,755	$	1,463,041
2024	574,765		60,606		402,824		60,744		1,098,939
2025	355,894		34,161		334,508		40,250		764,813
2026	236,037		16,262		284,296		23,346		559,941
2027	161,312		6,238		242,470		11,359		421,379
2028	113,141		891		208,568		4,612		327,212
2029	80,370		13		178,287		1,440		260,110
2030	58,309		—		148,153		292		206,754
2031	39,943		—		125,803		245		165,991
2032	27,557		—		107,326		206		135,089
Thereafter	4,417		—		291,522		535		296,474
	$	2,455,292	$	209,391	$	2,814,276	$	220,784	$	5,699,743

Seasonality

Customer payment patterns in all of the countries in which we operate can be affected by seasonal employment trends, income tax refunds, and holiday spending habits. Typically cash collections in the Americas tend to be higher in the first half of the year due to the high volume of income tax refunds received by individuals in the U.S., and trend lower as the year progresses. In the first half of 2022, this spike was not as pronounced. Additionally, 2021 and 2020 deviated from usual seasonal patterns due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cash Collections

The following table displays our quarterly cash collections by geography and portfolio type, for the periods indicated (amounts in thousands).


Cash Collections by Geography and Type
	2022								2021
	Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1
Americas and Australia Core	$	205,619	$	225,775	$	244,377	$	270,284	$	257,705	$	276,691	$	324,845	$	347,638
Americas Insolvency	27,971		31,911		34,278		35,209		36,851		37,464		37,768		35,253
Europe Core	134,016		132,072		142,470		151,162		155,853		151,625		157,637		149,486
Europe Insolvency	24,051		22,586		22,935		24,325		23,262		22,574		23,579		23,510
Total Cash Collections	$	391,657	$	412,344	$	444,060	$	480,980	$	473,671	$	488,354	$	543,829	$	555,887

The following table provides additional details on the composition of our Core cash collections for the periods indicated (amounts in thousands).


Cash Collections by Source - Core Portfolios Only
	2022								2021
	Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1
Call Center and Other Collections	$	216,182	$	235,832	$	260,764	$	291,266	$	283,606	$	298,717	$	338,022	$	355,043
External Legal Collections	48,925		49,243		50,996		55,179		55,760		54,445		61,836		65,613
Internal Legal Collections	74,528		72,772		75,087		75,001		74,192		75,154		82,624		76,468
Total Core Cash Collections	$	339,635	$	357,847	$	386,847	$	421,446	$	413,558	$	428,316	$	482,482	$	497,124

Collections Productivity (U.S. Portfolio)

The following table displays a collections productivity measure for our U.S. portfolios for the periods indicated.


Cash Collections per Collector Hour Paid U.S. Portfolio
	Call center and other cash collections (1)
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018
First Quarter	$	261	$	279	$	172	$	139	$	121
Second Quarter	226		270		263		139		101
Third Quarter	210		242		246		124		107
Fourth Quarter	186		232		204		128		104

(1)Represents total cash collections less internal legal cash collections, external legal cash collections and Insolvency cash collections from trustee-administered accounts.

Cash Efficiency Ratio

The following table displays our cash efficiency ratio for the periods indicated.





























Cash Efficiency Ratio (1)
	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018
First Quarter	65.1%	68.0%	61.5%	59.2%	60.7%
Second Quarter	61.3	66.8	68.7	60.4	60.1
Third Quarter	58.4	62.4	65.6	60.2	55.7
Fourth Quarter	58.6	63.5	61.9	59.7	55.0
Full Year	61.0	65.3	64.5	59.9	58.0

(1) Calculated by dividing cash receipts less operating expenses by cash receipts.

Portfolio Acquisitions

The following chart shows the purchase price of our portfolios by year since 2012. It also includes the acquisition date portfolios that were acquired through our business acquisitions.

* 2014 includes portfolios acquired in connections with the acquisition of Aktiv Kapital AS in 2014 (as described in Item 1 of this Form 10-K).

The following table displays our quarterly portfolio acquisitions for the periods indicated (amounts in thousands).


Portfolio Acquisitions by Geography and Type
	2022								2021
	Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1		Q4		Q3		Q2		Q1
Americas and Australia Core	$	118,581	$	100,780	$	99,962	$	90,639	$	90,263	$	162,451	$	98,901	$	88,912
Americas Insolvency	8,967		8,988		6,369		9,118		21,183		9,878		14,642		9,486
Europe Core	140,011		59,426		123,814		38,764		60,430		212,194		106,134		44,095
Europe Insolvency	20,535		13,910		1,202		8,929		29,820		7,424		—		16,468
Total Portfolio Acquisitions	$	288,094	$	183,104	$	231,347	$	147,450	$	201,696	$	391,947	$	219,677	$	158,961

Portfolio Acquisitions by Stratifications (U.S. Only)

The following table categorizes our quarterly U.S. portfolio acquisitions for the periods indicated into major asset type and delinquency category. Since our inception in 1996, we have acquired more than 60.0 million customer accounts in the U.S. (amounts in thousands).


U.S. Portfolio Acquisitions by Major Asset Type
	2022																2021
	Q4				Q3				Q2				Q1				Q4
Major Credit Cards	$	10,242	11.7	%	$	10,236	15.8	%	$	20,673	26.7	%	$	18,160	23.0	%	$	50,017	51.4	%
Private Label Credit Cards	60,380		69.0		44,727		68.8		52,368		67.4		46,195		58.6		28,293		29.1
Consumer Finance	16,366		18.7		9,396		14.4		2,062		2.7		13,968		17.7		4,617		4.8
Auto Related	515		0.6		630		1.0		2,443		3.2		514		0.7		14,319		14.7
Total	$	87,503	100.0	%	$	64,989	100.0	%	$	77,546	100.0	%	$	78,837	100.0	%	$	97,246	100.0	%


U.S. Portfolio Acquisitions by Delinquency Category
	2022																2021
	Q4				Q3				Q2				Q1					Q4
Fresh (1)	$	55,117	70.2	%	$	30,510	54.5	%	$	28,235	39.7	%	$	29,077	41.7	%		$	17,096	22.5	%
Primary (2)	511		0.7		587		1.0		369		0.5		11,445		16.4			557		0.7
Secondary (3)	21,620		27.5		19,886		35.5		28,148		39.5		26,748		38.4			54,915		72.2
Other (4)	1,288		1.6		5,018		9.0		14,425		20.3		2,449		3.4			3,495		4.6
Total Core	78,536		100.0	%	56,001		100.0	%	71,177		100.0	%	69,719		100.0	%		76,063		100.0	%
Insolvency	8,967				8,988				6,369				9,118					21,183
Total	$	87,503			$	64,989			$	77,546			$	78,837				$	97,246

(1) Fresh accounts are typically past due 120 to 270 days, charged-off by the credit originator and sold prior to any post-charge-off collection activity.

(2) Primary accounts are typically 240 to 450 days past due, charged-off and have been previously placed with one contingent fee servicer.

(3) Secondary accounts are typically 360 to 630 days past due, charged-off and have been previously placed with two contingent fee servicers.

(4) Other accounts are 480 days or more past due, charged-off and have previously been worked by three or more contingent fee servicers.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report our financial results in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). However, management uses certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"), to evaluate our operating and financial performance as well as to set performance goals. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we consider it an important supplemental measure of operations and financial performance. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA helps provide enhanced period-to-period comparability of operations and financial performance, as it excludes certain items whose fluctuations from period to period do not necessarily correspond to changes in the operations of our business, and is useful to investors as other companies in the industry report similar financial measures. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to the calculation of similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is calculated starting with our GAAP financial measure, net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc. and is adjusted for:

•income tax expense (or less income tax benefit);

•foreign exchange loss (or less foreign exchange gain);

•interest expense, net (or less interest income, net);

•other expense (or less other income);

•depreciation and amortization;

•net income attributable to noncontrolling interests; and

•recoveries applied to negative allowance less changes in expected recoveries.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc., as reported in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands).


Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
	2022		2021		2020
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	117,147	$	183,158	$	149,339
Adjustments:
Income tax expense	36,787		54,817		41,203
Foreign exchange (gains)/losses	(985)		809		(2,005)
Interest expense, net	130,677		124,143		141,712
Other expense/(income) (1)	1,325		(282)		1,049
Depreciation and amortization	15,243		15,256		18,465
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	851		12,351		18,403

Recoveries applied to negative allowance less Changes in expected recoveries	805,942		988,050		968,362

Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,106,987	$	1,378,302	$	1,336,528

(1) Other expense/(income) reflects non-operating related activity.

Additionally, we evaluate our business using certain ratios that use Adjusted EBITDA, including Debt to Adjusted EBITDA, which is calculated by dividing borrowings by Adjusted EBITDA. The following table reflects our Debt to Adjusted EBITDA at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands).


Debt to Adjusted EBITDA
	2022			2021
Borrowings	$	2,494,858		$	2,608,714
Adjusted EBITDA	1,106,987			1,378,302
Debt to Adjusted EBITDA	2.25		x	1.89		x

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We actively manage our liquidity to help provide access to sufficient funding to meet our business needs and financial obligations.

Sources of Liquidity

Cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents totaled $83.4 million, of which $75.3 million consisted of cash on hand related to international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings. See the "Undistributed Earnings of International Subsidiaries" section below for more information.

Borrowings. At December 31, 2022, we had the following borrowings outstanding and availability under our credit facilities (amounts in thousands):


	Outstanding		Available without Restrictions		Available with Restrictions (1)
Americas revolving credit (2)	$	186,867	$	888,957	$	191,221
UK revolving credit	453,528		346,472		105,362
European revolving credit	419,856		401,134		168,543
Term loan	450,000		—		—
Senior Notes	650,000		—		—
Convertible Notes	345,000		—		—
Less: Debt discounts and issuance costs	(10,393)		—		—
Total	$	2,494,858	$	1,636,563	$	465,126

(1) Available borrowings after calculation of borrowing base and debt covenants as of December 31, 2022.

(2) Includes North American revolving credit facility and Colombian revolving credit facility.

On February 6, 2023, we completed the private offering of $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of our 8.375% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 ("2028 Notes"). We deposited $345.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering into a newly-formed segregated deposit account and will use such proceeds to retire all or any portion of our 2023 Convertible Notes or to satisfy any other obligations with respect to our 2023 Convertible Notes. We used the remainder of the net proceeds from the offering to repay a portion of our outstanding borrowings under our North American revolving credit facility.

Interest-bearing deposits. Per the terms of our European credit facility, we are permitted to obtain interest-bearing deposit funding of up to SEK 1.2 billion (approximately $115.0 million as of December 31, 2022). Interest-bearing deposits as of December 31, 2022 were $113.0 million.

Furthermore, we have the ability to slow the purchase of nonperforming loans if necessary, and use the net cash flow generated from our cash collections from our portfolio of existing nonperforming loans to temporarily service our debt and fund existing operations. For example, we invested $850.0 million in portfolio acquisitions in 2022. The portfolios acquired in 2022 generated $109.4 million of cash collections, representing only 6.3% of 2022 cash collections.

Uses of Liquidity and Material Cash Requirements

Forward Flows. Contractual obligations over the next year are primarily related to purchase commitments. As of December 31, 2022, we have forward flow commitments in place for the purchase of nonperforming loans with a maximum purchase price of $792.2 million, of which $722.9 million is due within the next 12 months. The $792.2 million includes $461.1 million for the Americas and Australia and $331.1 million for Europe. We may also enter into new or renewed forward flow commitments and close on spot transactions in addition to the aforementioned forward flow agreements.

Borrowings. Of our $2.5 billion of borrowings at December 31, 2022, estimated interest, unused fees and principal payments for the next 12 months are approximately $489.7 million, of which, $345.0 million relates to principal payment due on our 2023 Convertible Notes, which, as discussed above, we will retire using the funds from the offering of our 2028 Notes that we deposited in the segregated deposit account. Beyond 12 months our principal payment obligations related to debt maturities occur between one and seven years. Many of our financing arrangements include restrictive covenants with which we must comply. As of December 31, 2022, we determined that we were in compliance with these covenants. For more information, see Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Share Repurchase. On February 25, 2022, we completed our $230.0 million share repurchase program. Also on February 25, 2022, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to $150.0 million of our outstanding common stock. Repurchases may be made from time-to-time in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions, in block transactions, through purchases made in accordance with trading plans adopted under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, or other methods, subject to market and/or other conditions and applicable regulatory requirements. The new share repurchase program has no stated expiration date and does not obligate us to repurchase any specified amount of shares, remains subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and, subject to compliance with applicable laws, may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased 2,331,364 shares of our common stock for approximately $99.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, we had $67.7 million remaining for share repurchases under the new program.

Leases. The majority of our leases have remaining lease terms of one to 14 years. As of December 31, 2022, we had $59.4 million in lease liabilities, of which $10.8 million matures within the next 12 months. For more information, see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Derivatives. Derivative financial instruments are entered into to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable rate debt and foreign currency exchange rates. As of December 31, 2022, we had $19.1 million of derivative liabilities, all of which mature within the next 12 months. For more information, see Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

We believe that funds generated from operations and from cash collections on nonperforming loan portfolios, together with existing cash, available borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, including recent modifications to the terms of those facilities, and access to the capital markets will be sufficient to finance our operations, planned capital expenditures, forward flow purchase commitments, debt maturities and additional portfolio purchases during the next 12 months and beyond. We may seek to access the debt or equity capital markets as we deem appropriate, market permitting. Business acquisitions or higher than expected levels of portfolio purchasing could require additional financing from other sources.

Cash Flows Analysis

The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		Change
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	21,592	$	84,925	$	(63,333)
Investing activities	120,453		160,376		(39,923)
Financing activities	(121,342)		(262,812)		141,470
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(25,017)		(14,464)		(10,553)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(4,314)	$	(31,975)	$	27,661

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities mainly reflects cash collections recognized as revenue partially offset by cash paid for operating expenses, interest and income taxes. Net income was adjusted for (i) non-cash items included in net income such as provisions for unrealized gains and losses, changes in expected recoveries, depreciation and amortization, deferred taxes, fair value changes in equity securities and stock-based compensation as well as (ii) changes in the balances of operating assets and liabilities, which can vary significantly in the normal course of business due to the amount and timing of payments.

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $63.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, mainly driven by lower cash collections recognized as portfolio income, lower cash paid for income taxes, and the impact of foreign exchange.

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities mainly reflects recoveries applied to our negative allowance. Cash used in investing activities mainly reflects acquisitions of nonperforming loans and net investment activity.

Net cash provided by investing activities decreased $39.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily driven by a decrease of $211.1 million in recoveries applied to negative allowance partially offset by decreases in purchases of finance receivables and investments of $127.5 million and $47.9 million, respectively.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities is normally provided by draws on our lines of credit and proceeds from debt offerings. Cash used in financing activities is primarily driven by principal payments on our lines of credit and long-term debt.

Cash used in financing activities decreased $141.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to net proceeds from our lines of credit of $8.5 million in 2022 compared to net payments on our lines of credit of $393.2 million in 2021. Additionally, proceeds from debt issuance decreased $350.0 million and repurchases of our common stock decreased $89.5 million.

Undistributed Earnings of International Subsidiaries

We intend to use predominantly all of our accumulated and future undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries to expand operations outside the U.S.; therefore, such undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries are considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. Accordingly, no provision for income tax or withholding tax has been provided thereon. If management's intentions change and eligible undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries are repatriated, we could be subject to additional income taxes and withholding taxes. This could result in a higher effective tax rate in the period in which such a decision is made to repatriate accumulated or future undistributed international earnings. The amount of cash on hand related to international operations with indefinitely reinvested earnings was $75.3 million and $61.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Refer to the Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further information related to our income taxes and undistributed international earnings.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of recent accounting pronouncements and the anticipated effects on our Consolidated Financial Statements see Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Some of our significant accounting policies require that we use estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. For a discussion of our significant accounting policies refer to Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

We consider accounting estimates to be critical if (1) the accounting estimates made involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and (2) has had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We base our estimates on historical experience, current trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements may be material.

We have determined that the following accounting policies involve critical estimates:

Revenue Recognition - Finance Receivables

Revenue recognition for finance receivables involves the use of estimates and the exercise of judgment on the part of management. These estimates include projections of the amount and timing of cash collections we expect to receive from our pools of accounts. We review individual pools for trends, actual performance versus projections and curve shape (a graphical depiction of the amount and timing of cash collections). We then project ERC and then apply a discounted cash flow methodology to our ERC. Adjustments to ERC may include adjustments reflecting recent collection trends, our view of current and future economic conditions, changes in collection assumptions or other timing related adjustments that could impact TEC. In 2022, total adjustments of this nature resulted in a net positive change in the estimate of future recoveries of $62.2 million.

Significant changes in our cash flow estimates could result in increased or decreased revenue as we immediately recognize the discounted value of such changes using the constant effective interest rate of the pool. Generally, adjustments to estimated cash forecasts for performance experienced in the current period result in an adjustment to revenue at an amount less than the impact of the overperformance due to the effects of discounting. Additionally, cash collection forecast increases will generally result in more revenue being recognized and cash collection forecast decreases will generally result in less revenue being recognized over the life of the pool. As we continue to perform against expectations, performance may vary, which could result in additional adjustments to our cash flow forecasts with a corresponding adjustment to total portfolio revenue.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes throughout the U.S. and in numerous international jurisdictions. These tax laws are complex and are subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities. When determining our domestic and non-U.S. income tax expense, we make judgments about the application of these inherently complex laws.

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. The provision for income taxes is estimated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled.

We exercise significant judgment in estimating the potential exposure to unresolved tax matters and apply a more likely than not criteria approach for recording tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions in the application of the complex tax laws. While actual results could vary, we believe we have adequate tax accruals with respect to the ultimate outcome of such unresolved tax matters. We record interest and penalties related to unresolved tax matters as a component of income tax expense when the more likely than not standards are met.

If all or part of the deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, we would establish a valuation allowance and charge to earnings the impact in the period such a determination is made. If we subsequently realize deferred tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in a positive adjustment to earnings. The establishment or release of a valuation allowance does not have an impact on cash, nor does such an allowance preclude the use of loss carryforwards or other deferred tax assets in future periods. The calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. For further information regarding our uncertain tax positions, refer to Note 13 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Our activities are subject to various financial risks including market risk, currency and interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow risk. Our financial risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance. We may periodically enter into derivative financial instruments, typically interest rate and currency derivatives, to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt, fluctuations in currency rates and their impact on earnings and cash flows. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments with a level of complexity or with a risk greater than the exposure to be managed nor do we enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of non-performance, or credit risk. We do not believe that we currently face a significant risk of loss in the event of non-performance by the counterparties associated with these instruments as these transactions were executed with a diversified group of major financial institutions with an investment-grade credit rating. Our intention is to spread our counterparty credit risk across a number of counterparties so that exposure to a single counterparty is minimized.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk from outstanding borrowings on our variable rate credit facilities. As such, our consolidated financial results are subject to fluctuations due to changes in the market rate of interest. We assess this interest rate risk by estimating the increase or decrease in interest expense that would occur due to a change in short-term interest rates. The borrowings on our variable rate credit facilities were approximately $1.5 billion as of December 31, 2022. Based on our current debt structure at December 31, 2022, assuming a 50 basis point decrease in interest rates, for example, interest expense over the following 12 months would decrease by an estimated $4.6 million. Assuming a 50 basis point increase in interest rates, interest expense over the following 12 months would increase by an estimated $4.6 million.

To reduce the exposure to changes in the market rate of interest and to be in compliance with the terms of our European and our UK revolving credit facilities, we have entered into interest rate derivative contracts for a portion of our borrowings under our floating rate financing arrangements. As of December 31, 2022, we are 65% hedged on a notional basis. We apply hedge accounting to certain of our interest rate derivative contracts. By applying hedge accounting, changes in market value are reflected as adjustments in Other comprehensive (loss)/income. All derivatives to which we have applied hedge accounting were evaluated and remained highly effective at December 31, 2022. Terms of the interest rate derivative contracts require us to

receive a variable interest rate and pay a fixed interest rate. The sensitivity calculations above consider the impact of our interest rate derivative contracts and zero interest rate floors on revolving loans under our North America, UK and European credit facilities.

Currency Exchange Risk

We operate internationally and enter into transactions denominated in various foreign currencies. In 2022, we generated $445.8 million of revenues from operations outside the U.S. and used 12 functional currencies, excluding the U.S. dollar. Weakness in one particular currency might be offset by strength in other currencies over time.

As a result of our international operations, fluctuations in foreign currencies could cause us to incur foreign currency exchange gains and losses, and could adversely affect our comprehensive income and stockholders' equity. Additionally, our reported financial results could change from period to period due solely to fluctuations between currencies.

Foreign currency gains and losses are primarily the result of the re-measurement of transactions in certain other currencies into an entity's functional currency. Foreign currency gains and losses are included as a component of Other income and (expense) in our Consolidated Income Statements. From time to time we may elect to enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to reduce these variations in our Consolidated Income Statements.

When an entity's functional currency is different than the reporting currency of its parent, foreign currency translation adjustments may occur. Foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of Other comprehensive (loss)/income in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and as a component of equity in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We have taken measures to mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. We have organized our European operations so that portfolio ownership and collections generally occur within the same entity. Our European and UK credit facilities are multi-currency facilities, allowing us to better match funding and portfolio acquisitions by currency. We actively monitor the value of our finance receivables by currency. In the event adjustments are required to our liability composition by currency we may, from time to time, execute re-balancing foreign exchange contracts to more closely align funding and portfolio acquisitions by currency.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to Financial Statements


			Report s of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm s			40
			Consolidated Balance Sheets			43
			Consolidated Income Statements			44
			Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			45
			Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity			46
			Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			47
			Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			48
			1 – General and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies			48

			2– Finance Receivables, net			53
			3 – Investments			56
			4 – Leases			57
			5 – Goodwill			58
			6 – Borrowings			58
			7 – Property and Equipment, net			63
			8 – Fair Value			63
			9 – Derivatives			65
			10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			66
			11 – Share-Based Compensation			67
			12 – Earnings per Share			69
			13 – Income Taxes			69
			14 – Commitments and Contingencies			72
			15 – Retirement Plans			74
			16 – Subsequent Events			74

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of PRA Group, Inc.:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of PRA Group, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 27, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.


						Estimate of expected future recoveries on purchased credit deteriorated assets
Description of the Matter						As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s Finance Receivables, net balance was $3.3 billion, and the resulting changes in expected future recoveries for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $62.2 million as disclosed in Note 2. As more fully described in Note 1 and Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for Finance Receivables, net under the guidance of ASC Topic 326 "Financial Instruments – Credit Losses" and develops its estimates of expected recoveries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets by applying a discounted cash flow methodology to its estimated remaining collections (ERC) and recognizes income over the estimated life of the pool at the constant effective interest rate of the pool. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in the expected cash flows are recognized within Changes in expected recoveries in the Consolidated Income Statements by adjusting the present value of increases or decreases in ERC. Management’s estimate of ERC is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Development of the Company’s forecasts rely on both quantitative and qualitative factors. Qualitative factors can include both external and internal information and consider management’s view on available facts and circumstances at each reporting period. Auditing the qualitative factors used by management in their forecast of ERC required a high degree of audit effort, due to significant measurement uncertainty, specifically for assumptions around historical collection trends, actual performance compared to past projections, and the evaluation of the impact that external factors will have on the amount and timing of ERC.
How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit						We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of internal controls over management’s process to develop their estimates of ERC, including, management review controls over key subjective assumptions and judgments used in management’s estimate. Our test of controls included testing the completeness and accuracy of objective data relied upon by management when estimating ERC and the observation of certain key governance meetings where subjective assumptions were subject to effective challenge by senior management. We involved EY specialists in testing management’s assumptions for setting subjective qualitative factors, including evaluating whether those methods were in compliance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We tested management’s measurement of ERC by testing the completeness and accuracy of objective collections data used in the estimation process, reperforming key calculations, comparing the current estimate to prior periods and historical trends, and reviewing external evidence, including economic data, peer data, and industry research.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Richmond, Virginia

February 27, 2023

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

PRA Group, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of PRA Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated income statements, statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two‑year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two‑year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for convertible instruments as of January 1, 2021 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We served as the Company’s auditor from 2007 to 2022.

Norfolk, Virginia

February 28, 2022

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2022 and 2021

(Amounts in thousands)


	2022		2021
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	83,376	$	87,584

Investments	79,948		92,977
Finance receivables, net	3,295,008		3,428,285

Income taxes receivable	31,774		41,146
Deferred tax assets, net	56,908		67,760
Right-of-use assets	54,506		56,713
Property and equipment, net	51,645		54,513
Goodwill	435,921		480,263

Other assets	86,588		57,002

Total assets	$	4,175,674	$	4,366,243
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,329	$	3,821
Accrued expenses	111,395		127,802
Income taxes payable	25,693		19,276
Deferred tax liabilities, net	42,918		36,630
Lease liabilities	59,384		61,188
Interest-bearing deposits	112,992		124,623
Borrowings	2,494,858		2,608,714
Other liabilities	34,355		59,352

Total liabilities	2,888,924		3,041,406

Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 38,980 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022; 100,000 shares authorized, 41,008 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021	390		410
Additional paid-in capital	2,172		—
Retained earnings	1,573,025		1,552,845
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(347,926)		(266,909)
Total stockholders' equity - PRA Group, Inc.	1,227,661		1,286,346
Noncontrolling interests	59,089		38,491
Total equity	1,286,750		1,324,837
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,175,674	$	4,366,243

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Income Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)


	2022		2021		2020
Revenues:
Portfolio income	$	772,315	$	875,327	$	984,036
Changes in expected recoveries	168,904		197,904		69,297
Total portfolio revenue	941,219		1,073,231		1,053,333

Other revenue	25,305		22,501		12,081
Total revenues	966,524		1,095,732		1,065,414

Operating expenses:
Compensation and employee services	285,537		301,981		295,150
Legal collection fees	38,450		47,206		53,758
Legal collection costs	76,757		78,330		101,635
Agency fees	63,808		63,140		56,418
Outside fees and services	92,355		92,615		84,087
Communication	39,205		42,755		40,801
Rent and occupancy	18,589		18,376		17,973
Depreciation and amortization	15,243		15,256		18,465
Other operating expenses	50,778		61,077		47,426

Total operating expenses	680,722		720,736		715,713


Income from operations	285,802		374,996		349,701

Other income and (expense):

Interest expense, net	(130,677)		(124,143)		(141,712)
Foreign exchange gain/(loss), net	985		(809)		2,005
Other	(1,325)		282		(1,049)
Income before income taxes	154,785		250,326		208,945
Income tax expense	36,787		54,817		41,203
Net income	117,998		195,509		167,742
Adjustment for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	851		12,351		18,403
Net income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	117,147	$	183,158	$	149,339

Net income per share attributable to PRA Group, Inc.:
Basic	$	2.96	$	4.07	$	3.28
Diluted	$	2.94	$	4.04	$	3.26
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	39,638		44,960		45,540
Diluted	39,888		45,330		45,860

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands)


	2022		2021		2020
Net income	$	117,998	$	195,509	$	167,742
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax
Currency translation adjustments	(105,292)		(56,219)		20,056
Cash flow hedges	33,175		27,978		(20,261)
Debt securities available-for-sale	(16)		(348)		171
Other comprehensive loss	(72,133)		(28,589)		(34)
Total comprehensive income	45,865		166,920		167,708
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	9,735		4,880		3,141
Comprehensive income attributable to PRA Group, Inc.	$	36,130	$	162,040	$	164,567

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019	45,416	$	454	$	67,321	$	1,362,631	$	(261,018)	$	57,625	$	1,227,013
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		149,339		—		18,403		167,742
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		35,317		(15,261)		20,056
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		(20,261)		—		(20,261)
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		171		—		171
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(30,276)		(30,276)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		1,118		1,118
Vesting of restricted stock	169	2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		14,387		—		—		—		14,387
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(3,299)		—		—		—		(3,299)
Other	—	—		(3,125)		—		—		—		(3,125)



Balance at December 31, 2020	45,585	$	456	$	75,282	$	1,511,970	$	(245,791)	$	31,609	$	1,373,526
Effect of change in accounting principle (1)	—	—		(26,697)		12,008		—		—		(14,689)
Balance at January 1, 2021	45,585	$	456	$	48,585	$	1,523,978	$	(245,791)	$	31,609	$	1,358,837
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		183,158		—		12,351		195,509
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(48,748)		(7,471)		(56,219)
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		27,978		—		27,978
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		(348)		—		(348)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(21,411)		(21,411)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		23,413		23,413

Vesting of restricted stock	264	2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock	(4,841)	(48)		(58,531)		(154,291)						(212,870)
Shared-based compensation expense	—	—		15,940		—		—		—		15,940


Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(5,992)		—		—		—		(5,992)


Balance at December 31, 2021	41,008	$	410	$	—	$	1,552,845	$	(266,909)	$	38,491	$	1,324,837
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax:
Net income	—	—		—		117,147		—		851		117,998
Currency translation adjustments	—	—		—		—		(114,176)		8,884		(105,292)
Cash flow hedges	—	—		—		—		33,175		—		33,175
Debt securities available-for-sale	—	—		—		—		(16)		—		(16)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(6,691)		(6,691)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	—	—		—		—		—		17,554		17,554
Vesting of restricted stock	303	4		(4)		—		—		—		—
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock	(2,331)	(24)		(2,399)		(96,967)		—		—		(99,390)
Share-based compensation expense	—	—		13,047		—		—		—		13,047
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes	—	—		(8,472)		—		—		—		(8,472)





Balance at December 31, 2022	38,980	$	390	$	2,172	$	1,573,025	$	(347,926)	$	59,089	$	1,286,750

(1) Refer to Note 1 for further detail.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

(Amounts in thousands)


	2022		2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	117,998	$	195,509	$	167,742
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	13,047		15,940		14,387

Depreciation and amortization	15,243		15,256		18,465

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	10,097		9,508		21,063


Changes in expected recoveries	(168,904)		(197,904)		(69,297)
Deferred income taxes	607		6,803		(58,503)
Net unrealized foreign currency transactions	34,970		29,003		15,240

Fair value in earnings for equity securities	437		(386)		977

Other operating activities	(191)		(211)		(893)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Other assets	7,096		195		(4,644)

Accounts payable	3,960		(1,323)		914
Income taxes payable, net	13,709		(30,824)		22,001
Accrued expenses	(2,449)		19,586		7,767
Other liabilities	(24,492)		23,691		6,496
Right of use assets/lease liabilities	464		82		(11)
Net cash provided by operating activities	21,592		84,925		141,704
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment, net	(13,251)		(11,212)		(17,230)

Purchases of finance receivables	(844,255)		(971,708)		(903,588)
Recoveries applied to negative allowance	974,846		1,185,954		1,037,659

Purchase of investments	(63,000)		(110,915)		(45,229)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	66,113		68,904		43,391
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired	—		(647)		—




Net cash provided by investing activities	120,453		160,376		115,003
Cash flows from financing activities:



Proceeds from lines of credit	1,607,108		769,903		1,290,799
Principal payments on lines of credit	(1,598,608)		(1,163,075)		(1,557,186)
Payments on convertible senior notes	—		—		(287,442)
Proceeds from senior notes	—		350,000		300,000
Proceeds from long-term debt	—		—		55,000
Principal payments on long-term debt	(10,000)		(10,000)		(10,000)
Repurchases of common stock	(111,371)		(200,887)		—
Payments of origination costs and fees	(15,550)		(9,479)		(17,218)

Tax withholdings related to share-based payments	(8,472)		(5,992)		(3,301)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest	(6,691)		(21,411)		(30,276)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest	17,554		23,413		1,118

Net increase in interest-bearing deposits	4,688		4,716		9,591
Other financing activities	—		—		(3,185)

Net cash used in financing activities	(121,342)		(262,812)		(252,100)
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(25,017)		(14,464)		(7,367)
Net decrease cash and cash equivalents	(4,314)		(31,975)		(2,760)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year	89,072		121,047		123,807
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	84,758	$	89,072	$	121,047
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	116,932	$	112,277	$	117,986
Cash paid for income taxes	21,860		77,817		80,856
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reconciliation:
Cash, cash equivalents per Consolidated Balance Sheets	$	83,376	$	87,584	$	108,613
Restricted cash included in Other Assets per Consolidated Balance Sheets	1,382		1,488		12,434
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	84,758	$	89,072	$	121,047

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. General and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:

Nature of operations: As used herein, the terms "PRA Group," the "Company," or similar terms refer to PRA Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

PRA Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is a global financial and business services company with operations in the Americas, Europe and Australia. The Company's primary business is the purchase, collection and management of portfolios of nonperforming loans. The Company also provides fee-based services on class action claims recoveries and by servicing of consumer bankruptcy accounts in the United States ("U.S.").

Basis of presentation: The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and disclosures. Realized results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Change in accounting principle: Beginning January 1, 2021, the Company implemented Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06 Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity ("ASU 2020-06") using a modified retrospective method.

Reclassification of prior year presentation: Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. Fee income is now included within Other revenue on the Consolidated Income Statements.

Consolidation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of PRA Group and other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, through ownership of the majority of the entities’ voting equity interests, or through other contractual rights that give the Company control, consist of entities that purchase and collect on portfolios of nonperforming loans.

Investments in companies in which the Company has significant influence over operating and financing decisions, but does not own a majority of the voting equity interests, are accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting, which requires the Company to recognize its proportionate share of the entity’s net earnings. These investments are included in Other assets, with income or loss included in Other revenue.

The Company performs on-going reassessments whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Company’s involvement with an entity cause the Company’s consolidation conclusion to change.

Foreign currency: Assets and liabilities have been translated to the reporting currency using the exchange rates in effect on the Consolidated Balance Sheets dates. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates, except for the change in retained earnings during the year, which is the result of the income statement translation process. Revenue and expense accounts are translated using the weighted average exchange rate during the period. The cumulative translation adjustments associated with the net assets of international subsidiaries are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

Segments: The Company has determined that it has two operating segments that meet the aggregation criteria of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280, Segment Reporting ("ASC 280"), and, therefore, it has one reportable segment, accounts receivable management. This conclusion is based on similarities among the operating segments, including economic characteristics, the nature of the products and services, the nature of the production processes, the types or classes of customers for their products and services, the methods used to distribute their products and services and the nature of the regulatory environment.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Revenues and long-lived assets by geographical location: Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, and long-lived assets held at December 31, 2022 and 2021, both for the U.S., the Company's country of domicile, and outside of the U.S. were (amounts in thousands):



	2022		2021		2020		2022		2021
	Revenues (2)						Long-Lived Assets
United States	$	520,747	$	651,991	$	677,234	$	79,865	$	87,881
United Kingdom	181,725		175,383		132,749		12,141		7,264
Others (1)	264,052		268,358		255,431		14,145		16,081
Total	$	966,524	$	1,095,732	$	1,065,414	$	106,151	$	111,226

(1) None of the countries included in "Others" comprise greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated revenues or long-lived assets.

(2) Based on the Company’s financial statement information used to produce the Company's general-purpose financial statements, it is impracticable to report further breakdowns of revenues from external customers by product or service.

Revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of the related operations. Long-lived assets consist of net property and equipment and right-of-use assets. The Company reports revenues earned from collection activities on finance receivables, fee-based services and investments. For additional information on the Company's investments, see Note 3.

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash: Cash that is subject to legal restrictions or is unavailable for general operating purposes is classified as restricted cash and included in Other assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Concentrations of credit risk: Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, derivative instruments and finance receivables.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss: The Company records unrealized gains and losses on certain available-for-sale investments and foreign currency translation adjustments in other comprehensive income ("OCI"). Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale investments are reclassified to earnings as the gains or losses are realized upon sale of the securities. Translation gains or losses on foreign currency translation adjustments are reclassified to earnings upon the substantial sale or liquidation of investments in international operations. For the Company’s financial derivative instruments that are designated as hedging instruments, the change in fair value of the derivative is recorded in OCI.

Investments:

Debt Securities: The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are carried at amortized cost. Debt securities for which the Company does not have the intent or ability to hold to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair market value. Fair value is determined using quoted market prices. Unrealized gains and losses are included in comprehensive income and reported in stockholders' equity. The Company evaluates debt securities for impairment. When there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost, the Company recognizes an impairment if: (1) it has the intent to sell the security; (2) it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost; or (3) it does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost of the security. If the Company identifies that the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses, the credit loss component is recognized as an allowance on the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding charge to Other expense on the Consolidated Income Statements. The non-credit loss component remains in Other comprehensive loss until realized from a sale or subsequent impairment.

Equity Securities: Investments in equity securities are measured at fair value with changes in unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings.

Equity Method Investments: Equity investments that are not consolidated, but over which the Company exercises significant influence, are accounted for as equity method investments. Whether or not the Company exercises significant influence with respect to an investee company depends on an evaluation of several factors including, among others, representation on the investee company’s board of directors and ownership level, which is generally a 20% to 50% interest in the voting securities of the investee company. Under the equity method of accounting, an investee company’s accounts are not reflected within the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and Income Statements; however, the Company’s share of the

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

earnings or losses of the investee company is reflected in the caption ‘‘Other revenue’’ in the Consolidated Income Statements. The Company’s carrying value in an equity method investee company is reflected in the caption ‘‘Investments’’ in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

When the Company’s carrying value in an equity method investee company is reduced to zero, no further losses are recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements unless the Company guaranteed obligations of the investee company or has committed additional funding. When the investee company subsequently reports income, the Company will not record its share of such income until it equals the amount of its share of losses not previously recognized.

Finance receivables and income recognition: The Company's financial assets (or a group of financial assets) are measured at amortized cost and presented at the net amount expected to be collected.

Credit quality information: The Company acquires portfolios of accounts that have experienced deterioration of credit quality between origination and the Company's acquisition of the accounts. The amount paid for a portfolio reflects the Company's determination that it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to an account's contractual terms. The Company accounts for the portfolios in accordance with the guidance for purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") assets. The initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price rather than recorded as a credit loss expense. The Company has established a policy to write off the amortized cost of individual assets when it deems probable that it will not collect on an individual asset. Due to the deteriorated credit quality of the individual accounts, the Company may write off the unpaid principal balance of all accounts in a portfolio at the time of acquisition. However, when the Company has an expectation of collecting cash flows at the portfolio level, a negative allowance is established for expected recoveries at an amount not to exceed the amount paid for the financial portfolios. The negative allowance is recorded as an asset and presented as Finance receivables, net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Portfolio segments: The Company develops systematic methodologies to determine its allowance for credit losses at the portfolio segment level. The Company’s nonperforming loan portfolio segments consist of two broad categories: Core and Insolvency. The Company’s Core portfolios contain loan accounts that are in default, which were purchased at a substantial discount to face value because either the credit originator and/or other third-party collection agencies have been unsuccessful in collecting the full balance owed. The Company’s Insolvency portfolios contain loan accounts that are in default and the customer is involved in a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding and the accounts were purchased at a substantial discount to face value. Each of the two broad portfolio segments of purchased nonperforming loan portfolios consist of large numbers of homogeneous receivables with similar risk characteristics.

Effective interest rate and accounting pools: Within each portfolio segment, the Company pools accounts with similar risk characteristics that are acquired in the same year. Similar risk characteristics generally include portfolio segment and geographic region. The initial effective interest rate of the pool is established based on the purchase price and expected recoveries of each individual purchase at the purchase date. During the year of acquisition, the annual pool is aggregated, and the blended effective interest rate will adjust to reflect new acquisitions and new cash flow estimates until the end of the year. The effective interest rate for a pool is fixed for the remaining life of the pool once the year has ended.

Methodology: The Company develops its estimates of expected recoveries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets by applying discounted cash flow methodologies to its estimated remaining collections ("ERC") and recognizes income over the estimated life of the pool at the constant effective interest rate of the pool. Subsequent changes (favorable and unfavorable) in expected cash flows are recognized within Changes in expected recoveries in the Consolidated Income Statements by adjusting the present value of increases or decreases in ERC at a constant effective interest rate. Amounts included in the estimate of recoveries do not exceed the aggregate amount of the amortized cost basis previously written off or expected to be written off.

The measurement of expected recoveries is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Development of the Company’s forecasts rely on both quantitative and qualitative factors. Qualitative factors can include both external and internal information and consider management’s view on available facts and circumstances at each reporting period. More specifically, external factors that may have an impact on the collectability, and subsequently on the overall profitability of acquired portfolios of nonperforming loans, would include new laws or regulations relating to collections, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations, and the overall condition of the economy. Internal factors that may have an impact on the collectability, and subsequently the overall profitability of acquired portfolios of nonperforming loans, would include necessary revisions to initial and post-acquisition operational scoring and modeling estimates, operational activities, expected impact of operational strategies and changes in productivity related to turnover and tenure of the Company's collection staff.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Portfolio income: The recognition of income on expected recoveries is based on the constant effective interest rate established for a pool.

Changes in expected recoveries: The activity consists of differences between actual recoveries compared to expected recoveries for the reporting period, as well as the net present value of increases or decreases in ERC at the constant effective interest rate.

Agreements to acquire the aforementioned receivables include general representations and warranties from the sellers covering matters such as account holder death or insolvency and accounts settled or disputed prior to sale. The representation and warranty period permitting the return of these accounts from the Company to the seller is typically 90 to 180 days, with certain international agreements extending as long as 24 months. Any funds received from the seller as a return of purchase price are referred to as buybacks. Buyback funds are included in changes in expected recoveries when received.

Fees paid to third parties other than the seller related to the direct acquisition of a portfolio of accounts are expensed when incurred.

Fee income recognition: The Company recognizes revenue from its class action claims recovery services when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the amount is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. This revenue is included within Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements.

Property and equipment: Property and equipment, including improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend useful life, are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Property and equipment are depreciated over their useful lives using the straight-line method of depreciation. Software and computer equipment are generally amortized or depreciated over three to five years. Furniture and fixtures are depreciated over ten years. Equipment is depreciated over five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the remaining term of the lease. Building improvements are depreciated straight-line over ten to 39 years. When property is sold or retired, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any gain or loss is included in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements.

Goodwill: Goodwill is not amortized but rather is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. The Company performs its annual assessment of goodwill as of October 1. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If management concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. The loss will be recorded at the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the respective reporting unit.

Convertible Notes: The Company has outstanding 3.50% Convertible Notes due 2023 (the "2023 Notes" or "Convertible Notes") which are accounted for as a single liability measured at amortized cost. See Note 6 for additional information.

Income taxes: The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. The provision for income taxes is estimated using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled.

The Company is subject to income taxes throughout the U.S. and in numerous international jurisdictions. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefits of a tax position if it is more likely than not to be sustained in the event of challenges by relevant taxing authorities based on the technical merit. The amounts of benefit to recognize in the financial statements are the largest benefits that have a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the relevant tax authorities. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense when the more likely than not standards are not met.

In preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company exercises significant judgment in estimating the potential exposure to unresolved tax matters and applies a more likely than not criteria approach for recording tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions in the application of complex tax laws. While actual results could vary, the Company believes it has adequate tax accruals with respect to the ultimate outcome of such tax matters.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company, establishes a valuation allowance in the period in which it determines that part or all of the deferred tax asset is not realizable. If the Company subsequently realizes deferred tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable, the respective valuation allowance would be reversed, resulting in a positive adjustment to earnings.

Leases: The Company recognizes a liability for future lease payments and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet.

The Company's operating lease portfolio primarily includes corporate offices and call centers. The majority of its leases have remaining lease terms of one year to 14 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and others include options to terminate the leases within one year. Exercises of lease renewal options are typically at the Company's sole discretion and are included in its ROU assets and lease liabilities based upon whether the Company is reasonably certain of exercising the renewal options. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.

Share-based compensation: Compensation expense associated with share equity awards are recognized in the income statement. The Company determines stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards based on the measurement date fair value. The Company has certain share awards that include market conditions that affect vesting. The fair value of these shares is estimated using a lattice model. Compensation cost is not adjusted if the market condition is not met, as long as the requisite service is provided. The Company estimates a forfeiture rate for most equity share grants based on historical experience. Time-based equity share awards generally vest between one and three years from the grant date and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Equity share awards that contain a performance metric, are expensed over the requisite service period, generally three years, in accordance with the performance level achieved at each reporting period. See Note 11 for additional information.

Derivatives: The Company periodically enters into derivative financial instruments, typically interest rate swap agreements, interest rate caps, and foreign currency contracts to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates on variable-rate debt and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company does not utilize derivative financial instruments with a level of complexity or with a risk greater than the exposure to be managed nor does it enter into or hold derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

All of the Company's outstanding derivative financial instruments are recognized in the balance sheet at their fair values. The effect on earnings from recognizing the fair values of these derivative financial instruments depends on their intended use, their hedge designation, and their effectiveness in offsetting changes in the fair values of the exposures they are hedging. Changes in the fair values of instruments designated to reduce or eliminate adverse fluctuations in the fair values of recognized assets and liabilities and unrecognized firm commitments are reported in earnings along with changes in the fair values of the hedged items. Changes in the effective portions of the fair values of instruments used to reduce or eliminate adverse fluctuations in cash flows of anticipated or forecasted transactions are reported in equity as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified to earnings when the related hedged items affect earnings or the anticipated transactions are no longer probable. Changes in the fair values of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are reported in earnings. The Company realizes gains and losses from derivative instruments in the same financial statement line item as the hedged item/forecasted transaction. Changes in unrealized gains and losses for derivatives not designated in a hedge accounting relationship are recorded directly in earnings each period and are also recorded in the same financial statement line item as the hedged item or forecasted transaction. Cash flows from the settlement of derivatives, including both economic hedges and those designated in hedge accounting relationships, appear in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same categories as the cash flows of the hedged item.

For derivative financial instruments accounted for as hedging instruments, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective, and the manner in which effectiveness of the hedge will be assessed. The Company formally assesses, both at inception and at each reporting period thereafter, whether the derivative financial instruments used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the related underlying exposures.

The Company discontinues the use of hedge accounting prospectively when (1) the derivative instrument is no longer effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of the underlying hedged item; (2) the derivative instrument expires, is

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

sold, terminated, or exercised; or (3) designating the derivative instrument as a hedge is no longer appropriate. See Note 9 for additional information.

Use of estimates: The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates have been made by management with respect to the timing and amount of future cash collections of the Company's finance receivables portfolios. Actual results could differ from these estimates making it reasonably possible that a change in these estimates could occur within one year.

Commitments and contingencies: The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies related to lawsuits, certain taxes and commitments under contractual and other obligations. The Company recognizes liabilities for commitments and contingencies when a loss is probable and estimable. The Company expenses related legal costs as incurred. See Note 14 for additional information.

Estimated fair value of financial instruments: Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company takes into consideration differing levels of inputs in the determination of fair values. Disclosure of the estimated fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. See Note 8 for additional information.

Recent accounting pronouncements:

Recently issued accounting standards adopted:

Reference Rate Reform

In January 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2021-01, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Overall" ("ASU 2021-01"). ASU 2021-01 expands the scope of Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848") to include derivatives affected by the discounting transition for certain optional expedients and exceptions. ASU 2021-01 was effective immediately for a limited time through December 31, 2022. The Company assessed whether amendments and modifications to its swap agreements and borrowing agreements qualify for any optional expedients. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company elected certain optional expedients under ASC 848 to maintain cash flow hedge accounting for swap agreements with a combined notional amount of $422.8 million after interest rate swaps that were indexed to the Gross Domestic Product ("GDP") London Inter-Bank Offer Rate ("LIBOR") converted to the Sterling Overnight Index Average ("SONIA"), effective January 1, 2022. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company exited the relief provisions under ASC 848 after updating the hedged risk on these cash flow hedges to reflect SONIA-based cash flows expected to occur under the United Kingdom ("UK") Credit Agreement.

In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date ("ASU 2022-06"). ASU 2022-06 defers the sunset date from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024, after which entities will no longer be permitted to apply the relief in Topic 848.

Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted:

The Company does not expect that any other recently issued accounting pronouncements will have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Finance Receivables, net:

Finance receivables, net consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Amortized cost	$	—	$	—
Negative allowance for expected recoveries	3,295,008		3,428,285
Balance at end of year	$	3,295,008	$	3,428,285

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Changes in the negative allowance for expected recoveries by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	2,989,932	$	438,353	$	3,428,285
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions (1)	771,977		78,019		849,996
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(156,795)		(20,536)		(177,331)
Recoveries applied to negative allowance (2)	(795,489)		(179,357)		(974,846)
Changes in expected recoveries (3)	126,582		42,322		168,904
Balance at end of year	$	2,936,207	$	358,801	$	3,295,008


	2021
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Balance at beginning of year	$	3,019,477	$	495,311	$	3,514,788
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions (1)	863,379		108,901		972,280
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(68,544)		(2,189)		(70,733)
Recoveries applied to negative allowance (2)	(1,002,400)		(183,554)		(1,185,954)
Changes in expected recoveries (3)	178,020		19,884		197,904
Balance at end of year	$	2,989,932	$	438,353	$	3,428,285

(1) Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries - portfolio acquisitions

Portfolio acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Face value	$	5,174,974	$	455,644	$	5,630,618
Noncredit discount	(541,686)		(28,279)		(569,965)
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	(3,861,311)		(349,346)		(4,210,657)
Purchase price	$	771,977	$	78,019	$	849,996


	2021
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Face value	$	5,917,827	$	508,868	$	6,426,695
Noncredit discount	(696,983)		(37,202)		(734,185)
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	(4,357,465)		(362,765)		(4,720,230)
Purchase price	$	863,379	$	108,901	$	972,280

The initial negative allowance recorded on portfolio acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	$	(3,861,311)	$	(349,346)	$	(4,210,657)
Writeoffs, net	3,861,311		349,346		4,210,657
Expected recoveries	771,977		78,019		849,996
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries	$	771,977	$	78,019	$	849,996

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


	2021
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition	$	(4,357,465)	$	(362,765)	$	(4,720,230)
Writeoffs, net	4,357,465		362,765		4,720,230
Expected recoveries	863,379		108,901		972,280
Initial negative allowance for expected recoveries	$	863,379	$	108,901	$	972,280

(2) Recoveries applied to negative allowance

Recoveries applied to the negative allowance for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries (a)	$	1,521,504	$	225,657	$	1,747,161
Less - amounts reclassified to portfolio income	726,015		46,300		772,315
Recoveries applied to negative allowance	$	795,489	$	179,357	$	974,846


	2021
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Recoveries (a)	$	1,818,635	$	242,646	$	2,061,281
Less - amounts reclassified to portfolio income	816,235		59,092		875,327
Recoveries applied to negative allowance	$	1,002,400	$	183,554	$	1,185,954

(a) Recoveries includes cash collections, buybacks and other cash-based adjustments.

(3) Changes in expected recoveries

Changes in expected recoveries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Changes in expected future recoveries	$	48,806	$	13,405	$	62,211
Recoveries received in excess of forecast	77,776		28,917		106,693
Changes in expected recoveries	$	126,582	$	42,322	$	168,904


	2021
	Core		Insolvency		Total
Changes in expected future recoveries	$	(35,432)	$	(16,816)	$	(52,248)
Recoveries received in excess of forecast	213,452		36,700		250,152
Changes in expected recoveries	$	178,020	$	19,884	$	197,904

In order to estimate future cash collections, the Company considered historical performance, current economic forecasts, short-term and long-term growth and consumer habits in the various geographies in which the Company operates. The Company considered recent collection activity in its determination to adjust assumptions related to ERC for certain pools. Based on these considerations, the Company’s estimates incorporate changes in both amounts and in the timing of expected cash collections over the forecast period.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Changes in expected recoveries were a net positive $168.9 million. The changes were the net result of recoveries received in excess of forecast of $106.7 million reflecting cash collections overperformance during the year and a $62.2 million net positive adjustment to changes in expected future recoveries. The changes in expected

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

future recoveries reflects the Company's assessment of certain pools, where continued strong performance has resulted in a net increase to the Company's forecasted ERC.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, Changes in expected recoveries were a net positive $197.9 million. The changes were the net result of recoveries received in excess of forecast of $250.2 million from significant cash collections overperformance during 2021 reduced by a $52.2 million net negative adjustment to changes in expected future recoveries. The changes in expected future recoveries included the Company's assumption that the majority of the overperformance was due to acceleration of future collections. The Company also increased near-term expected collections in certain geographies to reflect performance trends in collections, and made corresponding reductions later in the forecast period.

3. Investments:

Investments consisted of the following at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Debt securities
Available-for-sale	$	66,813	$	77,538

Equity securities
Exchange traded funds	—		1,746
Private equity funds	4,373		5,137
Mutual funds	—		508
Equity method investments	8,762		8,048
Total investments	$	79,948	$	92,977

Debt Securities

Available-for-Sale

Government securities: The Company's investments in government instruments, including bonds and treasury securities, are classified as available-for-sale and are stated at fair value. As of December 31, 2022, maturities for these securities are $62.5 million due within one year and $4.3 million due within one to five years.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale
Government securities	$	67,049	$	1	$	237	$	66,813



	2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Aggregate Fair Value
Available-for-sale

Government securities	$	77,757	$	—	$	219	$	77,538

Equity Securities

Exchange traded funds: The Company invested in treasury bill exchange traded funds, which were accounted for as equity securities and carried at fair value. Gains and losses from these investments are included within Other income and (expense) in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements. The Company sold the majority of its investment in these funds in the third quarter of 2021 and its remaining investment in the third quarter of 2022.

Private equity funds: Investments in private equity funds represent limited partnerships in which the Company has less than a 1% interest.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Mutual funds: Mutual funds represented funds held in Brazil in a Brazilian real denominated mutual fund benchmarked to the U.S. dollar that invests primarily in Brazilian fixed income securities. The investments were carried at fair value based on quoted market prices. Gains and losses from these investments are included as a foreign exchange component of Other income and (expense) in the Company's Consolidated Income Statements. The Company sold its investment in these funds in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Equity Method Investments

The Company has an 11.7% interest in RCB Investimentos S.A. ("RCB"), a servicing platform for nonperforming loans in Brazil. This investment is accounted for on the equity method because the Company exercises significant influence over RCB’s operating and financial activities. Accordingly, the Company’s investment in RCB is adjusted for the Company’s proportionate share of RCB’s earnings or losses, capital contributions made and distributions received.

4. Leases:

The Company leases office space and equipment under operating leases. The components of lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Operating lease expense	$	11,981	$	12,256
Short-term lease expense	2,374		2,986
Sublease income	(486)		(196)
Total lease expense	$	13,869	$	15,046

Supplemental cash flow information and non-cash activity related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	11,852	$	12,034

ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	8,882	$	13,525

Lease term and discount rate information related to operating leases were as follows:


	2022		2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (years)	8.0		8.6

Weighted-average discount rate	4.5	%	4.5	%

Maturities of lease liabilities at December 31, 2022, are as follows for the years ending December 31, (amounts in thousands):


	Operating Leases
2023	$	10,827
2024	10,086
2025	9,845
2026	8,740
2027	5,905
Thereafter	25,725
Total lease payments	71,128
Less: imputed interest	11,744
Total present value of lease liabilities	$	59,384

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

5. Goodwill:

The Company performs an annual review of goodwill as of October 1 of each year or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. The Company performed an annual review of goodwill as of October 1, 2022 and concluded that no goodwill impairment was necessary.

The changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	$	480,263	$	492,989




Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	(44,342)		(12,726)




Balance at end of year	$	435,921	$	480,263

6. Borrowings:

The Company's borrowings consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Americas revolving credit (1)	$	186,867	$	372,119
UK revolving credit	453,528		—
Europe revolving credit	419,856		795,687
Term loan	450,000		460,000
Senior Notes	650,000		650,000
Convertible Notes	345,000		345,000
	2,505,251		2,622,806
Less: Debt discount and issuance costs	(10,393)		(14,092)
Total	$	2,494,858	$	2,608,714

(1) Includes the North American revolving credit facility and an unsecured credit agreement with Banco de Occidente (the "Colombian revolving credit facility"). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the outstanding balance under the Colombian revolving credit facility was approximately $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

The following principal payments are due on the Company's borrowings at December 31, 2022 for the years ending December 31, (amounts in thousands):


2023	$	355,251
2024	10,251
2025	310,000
2026	1,059,893
2027	419,856
Thereafter	350,000
Total	$	2,505,251

The Company determined that it was in compliance with the covenants of its financing arrangements as of December 31, 2022.

North American Revolving Credit and Term Loan

The Company has a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, National Association, acting through its Canada branch, as the Canadian Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders named therein (the "North American Credit Agreement"). The total credit facility under the North American Credit Agreement includes an aggregate principal amount of $1.5 billion (subject to compliance with a borrowing base and applicable debt covenants), which consists of (i) a fully-funded $450.0 million term loan, (ii) a $1.0 billion domestic revolving credit facility and (iii) a $75.0 million Canadian revolving credit facility. The facility includes an accordion feature for up to $500.0 million in additional commitments (at the option of the lender) and also provides for up to $25.0 million of letters of credit and a $25.0 million swingline loan sub-limit that would reduce amounts available for borrowing. The term and revolving loans accrue interest, at

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

the option of the Company, at either the base rate, Canadian Dollar Offered Rate, or the Eurodollar rate for the applicable term plus 2.25% per annum, or 2.00% if the consolidated senior secured leverage ratio is less than or equal to 1.60 to 1.0. The revolving loans within the credit facilities are subject to a 0% floor. The revolving credit facilities also bear an unused line fee of 0.35% per annum, or 0.30% if the consolidated senior secured leverage ratio is less than or equal to 1.60 to 1.0, payable quarterly in arrears. The North American Credit Agreement matures on July 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, the unused portion of the North American Credit Agreement was $888.6 million. Considering borrowing base calculations as of December 31, 2022, the amount available to be drawn was $190.9 million.

Borrowings under the North American Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company's U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries (provided that the Canadian subsidiary only guarantees borrowings under the Canadian revolving credit facility) and are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of the Company's North American assets. The North American Credit Agreement contains event of default and restrictive covenants, including the following:

•the ERC borrowing base is 35% for all eligible Core asset pools and 55% for all Insolvency eligible asset pools;

•the Company's consolidated total leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•the Company's consolidated senior secured leverage ratio cannot exceed 2.25 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•subject to no default or event of default, cash dividends and distributions during any fiscal year cannot exceed $20.0 million; and

•the Company must maintain positive consolidated income from operations during any fiscal quarter.

The outstanding balances and weighted average interest rates by type of borrowing under the credit facility as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):


	2022				2021
	Amount Outstanding		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Amount Outstanding		Weighted Average Interest Rate
Term loan	$	450,000	6.38	%	$	460,000	2.10	%
Revolving credit facilities	186,365		6.33		371,220		2.14

UK Revolving Credit Facility

On April 1, 2022, PRA Group Europe Holding I S.a r.l ("PRA Group Europe"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a credit agreement (the "UK Credit Agreement") with PRA Group UK Limited ("PRA UK") and the Company, as guarantors, the lenders party thereto and MUFG Bank, Ltd., London Branch, as the administrative agent (the "Administrative Agent").

The UK Credit Agreement consists of an $800.0 million revolving credit facility (subject to a borrowing base), and an accordion feature for up to $200.0 million in additional commitments, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings, which are available in U.S. dollars, euro and pounds sterling, will accrue interest, for the applicable term at the risk free rate applicable to U.S. dollars (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) or sterling (SONIA) or, in the case of euro borrowings, Euribor plus an applicable margin of 2.50% per annum plus a credit adjustment spread of 0.10%. If the consolidated senior secured leverage ratio is greater than 1.60 to 1.0, the applicable margin will increase to 2.75%. The UK Credit Agreement also has a commitment fee of 0.30% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. If the consolidated senior secured leverage ratio is greater than 1.60 to 1.0, the commitment fee increases to 0.35% per annum. The UK Credit Agreement matures on July 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, the unused portion of the UK Credit Agreement was $346.5 million. Considering borrowing base restrictions, as of December 31, 2022, the amount available to be drawn under the UK Credit Agreement was $105.4 million.

The UK Credit Agreement is secured by substantially all of the assets of PRA UK, all of the equity interests in PRA UK and PRA Group Europe, certain bank accounts of PRA Group Europe and certain intercompany loans extended by PRA Group Europe to PRA UK. The UK Credit Agreement contains events of default and restrictive covenants, including the following:

•the borrowing base equals the sum of up to: (i) 35% of the ERC of PRA UK’s eligible asset pools; plus (ii) 55% of PRA UK’s Insolvency eligible asset pools; minus (iii) certain reserves to be established by the Administrative Agent;

•the Company's consolidated leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•the Company's consolidated senior secured leverage ratio cannot exceed 2.25 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter; and

•the Company must maintain positive consolidated income from operations during any fiscal quarter.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The outstanding balance and weighted average interest rate by type of borrowing under the UK Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):


	2022
	Amount Outstanding		Weighted Average Interest Rate

Revolving credit facility	$	453,528	5.54	%

European Revolving Credit Facility

On November 23, 2022, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, PRA Group Europe Holding S.a r.l. ("PRA Group Europe Holding"), and its Swiss Branch, PRA Group Europe Holding S.à r.l. ("PRA Group Holding"), Luxembourg, Zug Branch (together, the "Borrowers"), along with certain of its affiliates and the Company, as guarantors, replaced the prior $750.0 million multicurrency revolving credit agreement (the "Prior Facility Agreement") with a €730.0 million revolving credit facility (the "European Credit Agreement") with the lenders party thereto and DNB Bank ASA as facility agent and security agent (the "Agent").

The European Credit Agreement provides borrowings for an aggregate amount of approximately €730.0 million (subject to the borrowing base) and an uncommitted accordion feature for up to €500.0 million, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings, which will be available in euro, Norwegian krone, Danish krone, Swedish krona, and Polish zloty, accrues interest at the Interbank Offered Rate plus 2.80% - 3.80% (as determined by the estimated remaining collections ratio ("ERC Ratio") as defined in the European Credit Agreement), bears an unused line fee, currently 1.085% per annum, or 35% of the margin, is subject to a 0% floor, is payable monthly in arrears and matures November 23, 2027. Additionally, the Company has a separate agreement with the Agent, for an overdraft facility in the aggregate amount of $40.0 million (subject to the borrowing base), which accrues interest (per currency) at the daily rates as published by the facility agent, bears a facility line fee of 0.125% per quarter, payable quarterly in arrears and matures November 23, 2027. As of December 31, 2022, the unused portion of the European Credit Agreement (including the overdraft facility) was $401.1 million. Considering borrowing base restrictions and other covenants as of December 31, 2022, the amount available to be drawn under the European Credit Agreement (including the overdraft facility) was $168.5 million.

The European Credit Agreement is secured by a first perfected security interest in all of the equity interests in certain operating subsidiaries of the Borrowers, certain intercompany loans and certain shareholder loans extended by the Company to the Borrowers. Further, the Company guarantees all obligations and liabilities under the European Credit Facility. The European Credit Agreement contains event of default and restrictive covenants including the following:

•the ERC Ratio cannot exceed 45%;

•the Company's consolidated total leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•the Company's consolidated senior secured leverage ratio not to exceed 2.25 to 1.0 as of the end of any fiscal quarter;

•the Company must maintain positive consolidated income from operations at the end of any fiscal quarter;

•interest bearing deposits in AK Nordic AB cannot exceed SEK 1.2 billion; and

•PRA Europe's cash collections must meet certain thresholds, measured on a quarterly basis.

The outstanding balances and weighted average interest rates by type of borrowing under the European Credit Agreement and the Prior Facility Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were as follows (dollar amounts in thousands):


	2022				2021
	Amount Outstanding		Weighted Average Interest Rate		Amount Outstanding		Weighted Average Interest Rate

Revolving credit facilities	$	419,856	5.94	%	$	795,687	3.48	%

Senior Notes due 2029

On September 22, 2021, the Company completed the private offering of $350.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.00% Senior Notes due October 1, 2029 (the "2029 Notes"). The 2029 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated September 22, 2021 (the "2021 Indenture"), between the Company and Regions Bank, as trustee. The 2021 Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2029 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The 2029 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by all of the Company's existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee the North American Credit

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Agreement, subject to certain exceptions. Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually, in arrears, on October 1 and April 1 of each year.

On or after October 1, 2024, the Notes may be redeemed, at the Company's option in whole or in part at a price equal to 102.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes being redeemed. The applicable redemption price changes if redeemed during the 12-months beginning October 1 of each year to 101.25% for 2025 and then 100% for 2026 and thereafter.

In addition, on or before October 1, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes at a redemption price of 105.00% plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to the rights of holders of the 2029 Notes, with the net cash proceeds of a public offering of common stock of the Company, provided, that at least 60% in aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption and that such redemption will occur within 90 days of the date of the closing of such public offering.

In the event of a change of control, each holder will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or any part of such holder's 2029 Notes at an offer price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the Company sells assets under certain circumstances and does not use the proceeds for specified purposes, the Company will be required to make an offer to repurchase the 2029 Notes at 100% of their principal amount.

Senior Notes due 2025

On August 27, 2020, the Company completed the private offering of $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes due September 1, 2025 (the "2025 Notes" and together with the 2029 Notes, the "Senior Notes"). The 2025 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated August 27, 2020 (the "2020 Indenture"), between the Company and Regions Bank, as a trustee. The 2020 Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2025 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by all of the Company's existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee the North American Credit Agreement, subject to certain exceptions. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semi-annually, in arrears, on September 1 and March 1 of each year.

The 2025 Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at a price equal to 103.688% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes being redeemed. The applicable redemption price changes if redeemed during the 12-months beginning September 1 of each year to 101.844% for 2023 and then 100% for 2024 and thereafter.

In the event of a change of control, the Company must offer to repurchase all of the 2025 Notes (unless otherwise redeemed) at a price equal to 101% of their aggregate principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the Company sells assets under certain circumstances and does not use the proceeds for specified purposes, the Company will be required to make an offer to repurchase the 2025 Notes at 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

On May 26, 2017, the Company completed the private offering of $345.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due June 1, 2023. The 2023 Notes were issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated May 26, 2017 (the "2017 Indenture"), between the Company and Regions Bank, as trustee. The 2017 Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2023 Notes may be due and payable immediately. The 2023 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. Interest on the 2023 Notes is payable semi-annually, in arrears, on June 1 and December 1 of each year.

The holders of the 2023 Notes have the right to convert all, or a portion of, the 2023 Notes upon occurrence of specific events prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 1, 2023, including:

•if during any calendar quarter, the last reported sales price of the Company's common stock is greater than 130% of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days during the period of 30 consecutive trading days;

•if the trading price of the 2023 Notes is less than 98% of the product of the last reported sales price of the Company's common stock and the conversion rate for a 10 consecutive trading day period;

•the Company elects to issue to all, or substantially all, holders of its common stock any rights, options or warrants entitling them, for a period of more than 45 calendar days, to subscribe for or purchase shares at a price per share that is less than the average of the last reported sales price for the 10 consecutive trading day-period ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of announcement of such issuance;

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

•the Company elects to distribute to all, or substantially all, holders of its common stock the Company’s assets, debt securities or rights to purchase securities of the Company, which distribution has a share value exceeding 10% of the last reported sale price on the trading day preceding the announcement of such distribution; or

•a transaction occurs that constitutes a fundamental change (as defined in the 2017 Indenture) or, the Company is party to a consolidation, merger, binding share exchange, or transfer or lease of all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets.

On or after March 1, 2023, the 2023 Notes will be convertible at any time. As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not believe that any of the conditions allowing holders of the 2023 Notes to convert their notes has occurred.

Furthermore, the Company has the right, at its election, to redeem all or any part of the outstanding 2023 Notes at any time for cash, but only if the last reported sale price (as defined in the 2017 Indenture) of the Company's common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on each of at least 20 trading days during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice.

The conversion rate for the 2023 Notes is initially 21.6275 shares per $1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $46.24 per share of the Company's common stock and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances pursuant to the 2017 Indenture. Upon conversion, holders of the 2023 Notes will receive cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election. The Company has made an irrevocable election to settle conversions by paying holders of the 2023 Notes cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes and shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, at the Company's election, for the remaining amounts owed, if any.

In accordance with authoritative guidance related to derivatives and hedging and EPS, only the conversion spread is included in the diluted EPS calculation, if dilutive. Under such method, the settlement of the conversion spread has a dilutive effect when the market conversion criteria is met.

The Company determined that the fair value of the 2023 Notes at the date of issuance was approximately $298.8 million and designated the residual value of approximately $46.2 million as the equity component. Additionally, the Company allocated approximately $8.3 million of the $9.6 million issuance cost as debt issuance cost and the remaining $1.3 million as an equity issuance cost.

The balances of the liability component of the Company's Convertible Notes outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Liability component - principal amount	$	345,000	$	345,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(748)		(2,476)
Liability component - net carrying amount	$	344,252	$	342,524

The Company amortizes debt issuance costs over the life of the debt using an effective interest rate of 4.00%.

Interest expense related to the Company's Convertible Notes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		2020 (1)
Interest expense - stated coupon rate	$	12,075	$	12,075	$	17,064
Interest expense - amortization of debt discount	—		—		10,811
Interest expense - amortization of debt issuance costs	1,727		1,660		1,989
Total interest expense - Convertible Notes	$	13,802	$	13,735	$	29,864

(1) 2020 amounts include interest expense related to the Company's 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due August 1, 2020, which were repaid in the third quarter of 2020.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Interest Expense, net

The Company incurs interest expense on its borrowings, interest-bearing deposits, and interest rate derivative agreements. The Company earns interest income on certain of its cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and its interest rate derivative agreements. Interest expense, net, was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		2020
Interest expense	$	132,905	$	125,231	$	142,727
Interest income	(2,228)		(1,088)		(1,015)
Interest expense, net	$	130,677	$	124,143	$	141,712

7. Property and Equipment, net:

Property and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Software	$	71,775	$	69,549
Computer equipment	24,685		25,457
Furniture and fixtures	17,751		20,034
Equipment	15,819		15,297
Leasehold improvements	22,486		17,606
Building and improvements	19,931		19,456
Land	1,407		1,407
Accumulated depreciation	(123,141)		(117,420)
Assets in process	932		3,127
Property and equipment, net	$	51,645	$	54,513

Depreciation expense relating to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $14.9 million, $15.1 million and $15.6 million, respectively.

8. Fair Value:

As defined by ASC Topic 820, "Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures" ("ASC 820"), fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 requires the consideration of differing levels of inputs in the determination of fair values.

Those levels of input are summarized as follows:

•Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

•Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Financial Instruments Not Required To Be Carried at Fair Value

In accordance with the disclosure requirements of ASC Topic 825, "Financial Instruments" ("ASC 825"), the table below summarizes fair value estimates for the Company's financial instruments that are not required to be carried at fair value. The total of the fair value calculations presented does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The carrying amounts in the table were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022				2021
	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	83,376	$	83,376	$	87,584	$	87,584
Finance receivables, net	3,295,008		3,167,813		3,428,285		3,317,658
Financial liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	112,992		112,992		124,623		124,623
Revolving lines of credit	1,060,251		1,060,251		1,167,806		1,167,806
Term loan	450,000		450,000		460,000		460,000
Senior Notes	650,000		580,433		650,000		673,366
Convertible Notes	345,000		341,926		345,000		406,607

Disclosure of the estimated fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. The carrying amount and estimates of the fair value of the Company's debt obligations outlined above do not include any related debt issuance costs associated with the debt obligations. The Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value and quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. Accordingly, the Company estimates the fair value of cash and cash equivalents using Level 1 inputs.

Finance receivables, net: The Company estimates the fair value of these receivables using proprietary pricing models that the Company utilizes to make portfolio acquisition decisions. Accordingly, the Company's fair value estimates use Level 3 inputs as there is little observable market data available and management is required to use significant judgment in its estimates.

Interest-bearing deposits: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the deposits and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Revolving lines of credit: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the interest rate periods and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Term loan: The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the interest rate periods and the observable quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Senior Notes and Convertible Notes: The fair value estimates for the Senior Notes and Convertible Notes incorporate quoted market prices that were obtained from secondary market broker quotes that were derived from a variety of inputs including client orders, information from their pricing vendors, modeling software, and actual trading prices when they occur. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial Instruments Required To Be Carried At Fair Value

The carrying amounts in the following table are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Government securities	$	66,813	$	—	$	—	$	66,813


Derivative contracts (recorded in Other assets)	—		37,792		—		37,792
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts (recorded in Other liabilities)	—		19,120		—		19,120

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Government securities	$	77,538	$	—	$	—	$	77,538
Exchange traded funds	1,746		—		—		1,746
Mutual funds	508		—		—		508
Derivative contracts (recorded in Other assets)	—		9,785		—		9,785
Liabilities:
Derivative contracts (recorded in Other liabilities)	—		25,978		—		25,978

Government securities: Fair value of the Company's investment in government instruments is estimated using quoted market prices. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 1 inputs.

Exchange traded funds: Fair value of the Company's investment in exchange traded funds was estimated using quoted market prices. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 1 inputs.

Mutual funds: Fair value of the Company's investment in mutual funds was estimated using quoted market prices. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 1 inputs.

Derivative contracts: The estimated fair value of the derivative contracts is determined using industry standard valuation models. These models project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based observable inputs, including interest rate curves and other factors. Accordingly, the Company uses Level 2 inputs for its fair value estimates.

Investments measured using net asset value ("NAV")

Private equity funds: This class of investments consists of private equity funds that invest primarily in loans and securities including single-family residential debt; corporate debt products; and financially-oriented, real estate-rich and other operating companies in the Americas, Western Europe, and Japan. These investments are subject to certain restrictions regarding transfers and withdrawals. The investments cannot be redeemed with the funds. Instead, the nature of the investments in this class is that distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the fund. The investments are expected to be returned through distributions as a result of liquidations of the funds' underlying assets over one to five years. The fair value of these private equity funds following the application of the NAV practical expedient was $4.4 million and $5.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9. Derivatives:

The following table summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022			2021
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	37,305	Other assets	$	6,251
Interest rate contracts	Other liabilities	—		Other liabilities	14,879
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency contracts	Other assets	487		Other assets	3,534
Foreign currency contracts	Other liabilities	19,120		Other liabilities	11,099

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:

Changes in the fair value of derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments are recognized in OCI. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the notional amount of interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments was $719.7 million and $869.1 million, respectively. Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments were evaluated and remained highly effective at December 31, 2022 and have initial terms of one to three years. The Company estimates that approximately $14.9 million of net derivative gain included in OCI will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

The following tables summarize the effects of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments on the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Gain or (loss) recognized in OCI, net of tax
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments	2022		2021		2020
Interest rate contracts	$	32,650	$	17,961	$	(28,101)

	Gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income
Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	2022		2021		2020
Interest expense, net	$	(976)	$	(12,722)	$	(10,027)

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:

The Company enters into foreign currency contracts to economically hedge the foreign currency re-measurement exposure related to certain balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity. Changes in fair value of derivative contracts not designated as hedging instruments are recognized in earnings. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the notional amount of foreign currency contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments was $460.8 million and $1,061.7 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the effects of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Company’s Consolidated Income Statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


		Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income	2022		2021		2020
Foreign currency contracts	Foreign exchange gain/(loss), net	$	38,808	$	12,160	$	24,009
Foreign currency contracts	Interest expense, net	(364)		406		(2,475)

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss:

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


Gains and (losses) on cash flow hedges	2022		2021		Affected line in the Consolidated Income Statements
Interest rate swaps	$	(976)	$	(12,722)	Interest expense, net
Income tax effect of item above	451		2,705		Income tax expense
Total losses on cash flow hedges	$	(525)	$	(10,017)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component after tax, for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Debt Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Currency Translation Adjustment		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 1

Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(44)	$	(13,088)	$	(247,886)	$	(261,018)

Other comprehensive gain/(loss) before reclassifications	171		(28,101)		35,317		7,387
Reclassifications, net	—		7,840		—		7,840
Net current period other comprehensive gain/(loss)	171		(20,261)		35,317		15,227
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	127	$	(33,349)	$	(212,569)	$	(245,791)
Other comprehensive (loss)/gain before reclassifications	(348)		17,961		(48,748)		(31,135)
Reclassifications, net	—		10,017		—		10,017
Net current period other comprehensive (loss)/gain	(348)		27,978		(48,748)		(21,118)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	(221)	$	(5,371)	$	(261,317)	$	(266,909)
Other comprehensive (loss)/gain before reclassifications	(16)		32,650		(114,176)		(81,542)
Reclassifications, net	—		525		—		525
Net current period other comprehensive (loss)/gain	(16)		33,175		(114,176)		(81,017)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(237)	$	27,804	$	(375,493)	$	(347,926)

(1) For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, net deferred taxes for unrealized (losses)/gains from cash flow hedges were $(9.2) million, $(3.1) million and $9.2 million, respectively.

11. Share-Based Compensation:

The Company has a stockholder approved Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Plan") that is intended to assist the Company in attracting and retaining selected individuals to serve as employees and directors, who are expected to contribute to the Company's success and to achieve long-term objectives that will benefit stockholders of the Company. The Plan enables the Company to award shares of the Company's common stock to select employees and directors, not to exceed 4,300,000 shares less one share for every one share granted under the 2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan after December 31, 2022.

Total share-based compensation expense was $13.0 million, $15.9 million and $14.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company recognizes all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The total tax benefit realized from share-based compensation was approximately $6.0 million, $3.9 million and $2.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Nonvested Shares

As of December 31, 2022, total future compensation expense related to nonvested share grants to individual employee plans and directors (not including nonvested shares granted under the Long-Term Incentive ("LTI") program discussed below), is estimated to be $14.4 million with a weighted average remaining life of 1.5 years. For these shares, the Company assumed no forfeiture rates, ratable vesting over one to three years and expense recognition over their vesting period.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following summarizes all nonvested share activity, excluding those pursuant to the LTI program, from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Nonvested Shares Outstanding	Weighted-Average Price at Grant Date
Balance at December 31, 2019	532	$	30.97
Granted	256	38.69
Vested	(219)	31.56
Canceled	(14)	33.95
Balance at December 31, 2020	555	34.23
Granted	312	38.14
Vested	(320)	33.80
Canceled	(37)	36.06
Balance at December 31, 2021	510	36.76
Granted	351	41.64
Vested	(269)	35.41
Canceled	(36)	40.85
Balance at December 31, 2022	556	$	40.23

The total grant date fair value of shares vested, excluding those granted under the LTI program, during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $9.5 million, $10.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Long-Term Incentive Program

Pursuant to the Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant time-vested and performance-based nonvested shares. All shares granted under the LTI program were granted to key employees of the Company.

The following table summarizes all LTI share activity from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Nonvested LTI Shares Outstanding	Weighted-Average Price at Grant Date
Balance at December 31, 2019	447	$	33.03
Granted at target level	118	39.04

Adjustments for actual performance	(131)	34.44
Vested	(36)	33.50
Canceled	(6)	33.77
Balance at December 31, 2020	392	34.30
Granted at target level	148	37.45

Adjustments for actual performance	(10)	39.40
Vested	(99)	39.40
Canceled	(24)	35.31
Balance at December 31, 2021	407	34.01
Granted at target level	127	44.90

Adjustments for actual performance	64	28.28
Vested	(222)	28.28
Canceled	(21)	40.45
Balance at December 31, 2022	355	$	40.07

The total grant date fair value of LTI shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $6.3 million, $3.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At December 31, 2022, total future compensation expense, assuming the current estimated performance levels are achieved, related to nonvested shares granted under the LTI program is estimated to be approximately $3.8 million. The Company assumed a 5.0% forfeiture rate for these grants and the remaining shares have a weighted average remaining life of 1.2 years at December 31, 2022.

12. Earnings per Share:

Basic EPS are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders of PRA Group, Inc. by weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS are computed using the same components as basic EPS with the denominator adjusted for the dilutive effect of the conversion spread of the Convertible Notes and nonvested share awards, if they are dilutive. There has been no dilutive effect of the Convertible Notes since issuance through December 31, 2022. Share-based awards that are contingent upon the attainment of performance goals are included in the computation of diluted EPS if the effect is dilutive. The dilutive effect of nonvested shares is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes any proceeds that could be obtained upon the vesting of nonvested shares would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period.

On February 25, 2022, the Company completed its $230.0 million share repurchase program and the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $150.0 million of its outstanding common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased 2,331,364 shares of its common stock for approximately $99.4 million, at an average price of $42.63 per share. The Company's practice is to retire the shares it repurchases.

The following table provides a reconciliation between the computation of basic EPS and diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	2022					2021					2020
	Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS		Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS		Net Income Attributable to PRA Group, Inc.		Weighted Average Common Shares	EPS
Basic EPS	$	117,147	39,638	$	2.96	$	183,158	44,960	$	4.07	$	149,339	45,540	$	3.28
Dilutive effect of nonvested share awards	—		250	(0.02)		—		370	(0.03)		—		320	(0.02)
Diluted EPS	$	117,147	39,888	$	2.94	$	183,158	45,330	$	4.04	$	149,339	45,860	$	3.26

There were no options outstanding, antidilutive or otherwise, as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

13. Income Taxes:

The Company recognizes the current and deferred tax consequences of all transactions that have been recognized in the financial statements using the provisions of the enacted tax laws. Current tax expense represents our estimated taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period and includes income tax expense related to our uncertain tax positions. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company made an accounting policy election to treat the U.S. taxes due related to the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") as a current-period expense when incurred. Deferred tax expenses are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The income tax expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was comprised of the following (amounts in thousands):

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


	Federal		State		International		Total
For the year ended December 31, 2022:
Current tax expense	$	8,797	$	385	$	26,998	$	36,180
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense	(2,848)		(386)		3,841		607
Total income tax expense	$	5,949	$	(1)	$	30,839	$	36,787

For the year ended December 31, 2021:
Current tax expense	$	30,659	$	5,397	$	11,958	$	48,014
Deferred tax benefit	(3,056)		(323)		10,182		6,803
Total income tax expense	$	27,603	$	5,074	$	22,140	$	54,817

For the year ended December 31, 2020:
Current tax expense	$	48,223	$	12,416	$	39,067	$	99,706
Deferred tax benefit	(32,699)		(8,921)		(16,883)		(58,503)
Total income tax expense	$	15,524	$	3,495	$	22,184	$	41,203

A reconciliation of the Company's expected tax expense at the U.S. statutory federal tax rate to actual tax expense/(benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was as follows (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021		2020
Income tax expense at statutory federal rates	$	32,505	$	52,568	$	43,878
State tax expense, net of federal tax benefit	(18)		4,303		2,449

Tax impact on international earnings, excluding uncertain tax positions	1,175		(4,449)		(29,992)


Uncertain tax positions on international earnings	—		—		23,917

Nondeductible compensation	3,025		2,212		—
Other	100		183		951
Total income tax expense	$	36,787	$	54,817	$	41,203

The Company recognized a net deferred tax asset of $14.0 million and $31.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recognized and charged to earnings in the period if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. If the Company subsequently realizes deferred tax assets that were previously determined to be unrealizable, the respective valuation allowance would have to be reversed, resulting in a positive adjustment to earnings in the period such determination was made. The determination for a valuation allowance is made on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. The components of the net deferred tax were as follows (amounts in thousands):

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Employee compensation	$	5,177	$	8,609
Net operating loss carryforward	126,549		121,035






Interest	11,042		10,160
Finance receivable revenue recognition - international	—		2,351
Lease liability	10,667		11,811
Other	—		4,873
Valuation allowance	(68,929)		(75,375)

Total deferred tax asset	84,506		83,464
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(4,178)		(5,075)
Intangible assets and goodwill	(5,118)		(4,185)
ROU asset	(9,731)		(10,884)

Finance receivable revenue recognition - international	(12,074)		—

Finance receivable revenue recognition - domestic	(27,181)		(32,189)
Other	(12,234)		—
Total deferred tax liability	(70,516)		(52,333)


Net deferred tax asset	$	13,990	$	31,131

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the valuation allowance, relating mainly to net operating losses, capital losses and deferred interest expense in Norway, Poland, Luxembourg, Sweden and Switzerland was $68.9 million and $75.4 million, respectively. The decrease in the valuation allowance is primarily related to the recognition of net operating losses in Luxembourg. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the remaining net deferred tax assets.

The Company's non-U.S. subsidiaries had $513.2 million and $514.4 million of net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There are $282.4 million and $276.6 million of valuation allowances recorded to offset those losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The net operating losses do not expire under most local laws and the remaining jurisdictions allow for a seven to 20 year carryforward period.

As of December 31, 2022, the cumulative unremitted earnings of the Company's international subsidiaries were approximately $159.8 million. The Company intends for predominantly all international earnings to be indefinitely reinvested in its international operations and, therefore, the recording of deferred tax liabilities for such unremitted earnings is not required. It is impracticable to determine the total amount of unrecognized deferred taxes with respect to these indefinitely reinvested earnings.

Uncertain Tax Positions

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under ASC 740, an entity should recognize a financial statement benefit for a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination.

The balance for unrecognized tax benefits (before tax effect) at December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $101.7 million and $114.3 million, respectively. The tax impact of the unrecognized tax benefits recorded in 2022 are included in the provision for income taxes. The following is a reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Balance at beginning of year	$	114,294	$	110,425

(Deductions)/additions, based on tax positions related to prior year (1)	(12,591)		3,869
Balance at end of year	$	101,703	$	114,294

(1) The 2022 deductions relate to international transactions, primarily due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The total amount of after-tax unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2022, that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $19.7 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company accrued potential interest of $1.5 million and penalties of $1.5 million related to unrecognized tax benefits. During the next 12 months it is possible that international tax reserves will be reduced for audit settlements. At this time, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of these audits. At December 31, 2022, the tax years subject to examination by the major federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions are 2014 and subsequent years.

14. Commitments and Contingencies:

Employment Agreements:

The Company has entered into employment agreements with each of its U.S. executive officers, which expire on December 31, 2023. Such agreements provide for base salary payments as well as potential discretionary bonuses that consider the Company's overall performance against its short and long-term financial and strategic objectives. The agreements also contain confidentiality and non-compete provisions. As of December 31, 2022, estimated future compensation under these agreements was approximately $6.8 million. Outside the U.S., the Company has entered into employment agreements with certain employees pursuant to local country regulations. Generally, these agreements do not have expiration dates. As a result it is impractical to estimate the amount of future compensation under these agreements. Accordingly, the future compensation under these agreements is not included in the $6.8 million total above.

Forward Flow Agreements:

The Company is party to several forward flow agreements that allow for the purchase of nonperforming loans at pre-established prices. The maximum remaining amount to be purchased under forward flow agreements at December 31, 2022 was approximately $792.2 million.

Finance Receivables:

Certain agreements for the purchase of finance receivables portfolios contain provisions that may, in limited circumstances, require the Company to refund a portion or all of the collections subsequently received by the Company on particular accounts. The potential refunds as of the balance sheet date are not considered to be significant.

Litigation and Regulatory Matters:

The Company and its subsidiaries are from time to time subject to a variety of routine legal and regulatory claims, inquiries and proceedings and regulatory matters, most of which are incidental to the ordinary course of its business. The Company initiates lawsuits against customers and is occasionally countersued by them in such actions. Also, customers, either individually, as members of a class action, or through a governmental entity on behalf of customers, may initiate litigation against the Company in which they allege that the Company has violated a state or federal law in the process of collecting on an account. From time to time, other types of lawsuits are brought against the Company. Additionally, the Company receives subpoenas and other requests or demands for information from regulators or governmental authorities who are investigating the Company's debt collection activities.

The Company accrues for potential liability arising from legal proceedings and regulatory matters when it is probable that such liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. This determination is based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Company is involved, taking into account the Company's best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimates can be made. The Company's estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many of them are currently in preliminary stages), the number of unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims), and the related uncertainty of the potential outcomes of these proceedings. In making determinations of the likely outcome of pending litigation, the Company considers many factors, including, but not limited to, the nature of the claims, the Company's experience with similar types of claims, the jurisdiction in which the matter is filed, input from outside legal counsel, the likelihood of resolving the matter through alternative mechanisms, the matter's current status and the damages sought or demands made. Accordingly, the Company's estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses could be more than the current estimate.

The Company believes that the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of the amount accrued for its legal proceedings outstanding at December 31, 2022, where the range of loss can be estimated, was not material.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In certain legal proceedings, the Company may have recourse to insurance or third-party contractual indemnities to cover all or portions of its litigation expenses, judgments, or settlements. Loss estimates and accruals for potential liability related to legal proceedings are typically exclusive of potential recoveries, if any, under the Company's insurance policies or third-party indemnities. The Company has not recorded any potential recoveries under the Company's insurance policies or third-party indemnities as of December 31, 2022.

The matters described below fall outside of the normal parameters of the Company's routine legal proceedings.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") Investigation

In response to requests and civil investigative demands from the CFPB, the Company has provided certain documents and data regarding its debt collection practices to the CFPB. In December 2020, the CFPB advised the Company that the CFPB believes the Company may have violated certain provisions of the Company's Consent Order with the CFPB and applicable law and provided the Company with the opportunity to respond. The Company has discussed with the CFPB the possible resolution of the investigation. During the Company's discussions with the CFPB, the CFPB has taken positions with which the Company disagrees, including positions related to penalties, restitution and/or the adoption of new practices in the conduct of the Company's business. At this time, the Company believes accruals recorded reflect the anticipated outcome of the investigation.

Multi-State Investigation

On November 17, 2015, the Company received civil investigative demands from multiple state Attorneys General offices ("AGOs") broadly relating to its U.S. debt collection practices. The Company believes that it has fully cooperated with the investigations and discussed potential resolution of the investigations with the AGOs. In these discussions, the AGOs have taken positions with which the Company disagrees, including positions related to penalties, restitution and/or the adoption of new practices and controls in the conduct of the Company's business.

Although the Company has settled certain claims with one of the states, it is possible that one or more of the remaining individual state AGOs may file claims against the Company if the Company is unable to resolve its differences with them.

Iris Pounds v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC

On November 21, 2016, Plaintiffs filed a putative class action against the Company in Durham County, North Carolina alleging violations of the North Carolina Prohibited Practices by Collection Agencies Act. The purported class consists of all individuals against whom the Company had obtained a judgment by default in North Carolina on or after October 1, 2009. On December 9, 2016, the Company removed the matter to the United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (the "District Court"). On March 28, 2018, the District Court entered an order remanding the matter to the North Carolina state court; the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied the Company’s request for discretionary review on May 17, 2018. On January 11, 2019, the Company filed motions to compel arbitration with the North Carolina state court, which were denied. The North Carolina Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of the Company’s motion to compel arbitration. Thereafter, the matter was stayed pending a decision by the North Carolina Supreme Court in a related case, Pia Townes v. PRA, which raised issues of first impression regarding interpretation of a number of provisions of the statute at issue. The North Carolina Supreme Court affirmed the decision in Pia Townes v. PRA by an equally divided court, thereby rendering the decision of the Court of Appeals of no precedential value. Discovery in this matter is ongoing, and the Company is defending the matter vigorously. The range of loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this time due to the uncertainty surrounding liability, class certification, ultimate class size, and interpretation of the statute, including statutory damages.

Telephone Consumer Protection Act ("TCPA") Litigation

On January 25, 2017, the Company resolved the matter of In Re Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC Telephone Consumer Protection Act Litigation, which consisted of a number of class actions and single plaintiff claims consolidated by order of the Panel for Multi-District Litigation ("MDL"). While the settlement disposed of a large number of claims, several hundred class members opted out ("Opt-Out Plaintiffs") of that settlement. Many of these Opt-Out Plaintiffs have been consolidated before the MDL appointed court, which is the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California, and are pending a determination on cross-motions for summary judgment. On April 1, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court defined "automatic telephone dialing system" in its Facebook v. Duguid decision, which the Company expects to be dispositive of most or all of the Company's currently pending TCPA matters. However, the Company does not have certainty regarding such dispositions. As a result, the range of loss, if any, cannot be estimated at this time due to the uncertainty surrounding liability.

PRA Group, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

15. Retirement Plans:

The Company sponsors defined contribution plans primarily in the U.S. and Europe. The U.S. plan is organized as a 401(k) plan under which all employees over 18 years of age are eligible to make voluntary contributions to the plan up to 100% of their compensation, subject to IRS limitations, after completing six months of service, as defined in the plan. The Company makes matching contributions of up to 4% of an employee's salary. For the defined contribution plans in Europe, the Company pays contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. Total compensation expense related to the Company's contributions was $7.2 million, $6.5 million and $6.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

16. Subsequent Event:

On February 6, 2023, the Company completed the private offering of $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.375% Senior Notes due 2028 ("2028 Notes"). The 2028 Notes will accrue at a rate of its 8.375% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on August 1, 2023. The 2028 Notes will mature on February 1, 2028, subject to earlier repurchase or redemption. A portion of the funds received from the 2028 Notes were deposited into a newly-formed segregated deposit account and the Company will use such proceeds to retire all or any portion of the 2023 Notes or to satisfy any other obligations with respect to the 2023 Notes. The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds to repay a portion of its outstanding borrowings under the domestic revolving credit facility under the North America Credit Agreement.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on its assessment under this framework, management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, which is included herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of PRA Group, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited PRA Group Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, PRA Group, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of PRA Group, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes, and our report dated February 27, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Richmond, Virginia

February 27, 2023

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the sections labeled "Executive Officers," "Security Ownership," "Corporate Governance Board Committees," "Proposal 1: Election of Directors" and "Corporate Governance – Code of Conduct," in our definitive Proxy Statement for use in connection with the Company's 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement").

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the sections labeled "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," "Compensation Tables and Information," "Corporate Governance – Director Compensation" and "Compensation Committee Report" in the Proxy Statement.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management And Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the section labeled "Security Ownership" and "Compensation Tables and Information – Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans" in the Proxy Statement.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the sections labeled "Corporate Governance –Policy for Approval of Related Party Transactions" and "Corporate Governance-Director Independence" in the Proxy Statement.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2022 is Ernst & Young LLP, Richmond, VA, Auditor Firm ID: 42. Our previous independent registered public accounting firm for years prior to the year ended December 31, 2022 was KPMG LLP, Norfolk, VA Auditor Firm ID: 185.

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to the section labeled "Fees Paid to Independent Registered Accounting Firms" and "Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures" in the Proxy Statement.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a)Financial Statements.

The following financial statements are included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K:


			Report s of Independent Registered Public Accounting Fir ms			40
			Consolidated Balance Sheets			43
			Consolidated Income Statements			44
			Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			45
			Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity			46
			Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			47
			Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			48

(b)Exhibits.


3.1			Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
3.2			Amended and Restated By-Laws of PRA Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 17, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.1			Indenture dated May 26, 2017 between PRA Group, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 26, 2017 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.2			First Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 31, 2021 between PRA Group, Inc. and Regions Bank, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 5, 2021 (File No. 000-50058).
4.3			Indenture dated as of August 27, 2020 among PRA Group Inc., the Guarantors party thereto and Regions Bank, as Trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 1, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
4.4			Indenture dated as of September 22, 2021 among PRA Group Inc., the domestic subsidiaries of PRA Group Inc., party thereto and Regions Banks, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 24, 2021 (Filed No. 000-50058)).
4.5			Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.1*			2013 Annual Bonus Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix B to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 19, 2013 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.2*			2013 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 19, 2013 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.3*			2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 28, 2022 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.4 *			Employment Agreement dated January 1, 2021 between PRA Group, Inc. and Certain Executives (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 23, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.5 *			Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.6 *			Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 06, 2021 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.7 *			Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2020 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.8 *			Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2021 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.9			Sixth Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated November 22, 2022 by and among PRA Group Inc. and PRA Group Canada Inc., the Guarantors, the Lenders party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Bank of America, N.A., acting through its Canada Branch, as Canadian Administrative Agent (filed herewith).
10.10			UK Revolving Credit Agreement dated April 1, 2022 by and among PRA Group Europe Holding I S.à.r.l., PRA Group (UK) Limited and PRA Group, Inc., as Guarantors, the Lenders party thereto, MUFG Bank, LTD., acting through its London Branch, as Administrative Agent (I ncorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 9 , 2022 (File No. 000-50058)).
10.1 1			European Credit Agreement dated November 23, 2022 by and among PRA Group Europe Holdings S.à.r.l., a and its Swiss Bank, PRA Group Europe Holding S.à.r.l., Luxembourg, Zug Branch and DNB Bank ASA (filed herewith).
16.1			Letter from KPMG LLP, dated November 18, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 18, 2021 (File No. 000-50058).
16.2			Letter from KPMG LLP, dated March 3, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 3, 2022 (File No. 000-50058).
21.1			Subsidiaries of PRA Group, Inc. (filed herewith).
23.1			Consent of E rnst & Y oung LLP (filed herewith).
23.2			Consent of KPMG LL P (filed herewith)
24.1			Powers of Attorney (included on signature page) (filed herewith).
31.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).


31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1			Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INS			Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors or executive officers are eligible to participate.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

PRA Group, Inc.

(Registrant)

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Kevin P. Stevenson

Kevin P. Stevenson

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Kevin P. Stevenson and Peter M. Graham, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him and on his behalf, and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to execute and sign any and all amendments or post-effective amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or any of them or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof and the registrant hereby confers like authority on its behalf.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Kevin P. Stevenson

Kevin P. Stevenson

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Peter M. Graham

Peter M. Graham

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Steven D. Fredrickson

Steven D. Fredrickson

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Vikram A. Atal

Vikram A. Atal

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Danielle M. Brown

Danielle M. Brown

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Marjorie M. Connelly

Marjorie M. Connelly

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ John H. Fain

John H. Fain

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ James A. Nussle

James A. Nussle

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Brett L. Paschke

Brett L. Paschke

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Scott M. Tabakin

Scott M. Tabakin

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Peggy P. Turner

Peggy P. Turner

Director

February 27, 2023

By:

/s/ Lance L. Weaver

Lance L. Weaver

Director