Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.\new - Quarter Report: 2020 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X] Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

or

[  ] Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from _________to___________

Commission File Number: 000-51353

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

149 Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, New York, New York 10010

(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)

(212) 994-8200

Registrant’s Telephone Number Including Area Code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 126-2 of the Exchange Act).

[  ] Yes [X] No

As of August 11, 2020, there were 10,261,419 shares of common stock outstanding.

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC.

Form 10-Q Report

For the Fiscal Quarter Ended June 30, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

PROTAGENIC THERAPEUTICS, INC & SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

June 30, 2020

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS

Company Background

Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. (“we,” “our,” “Protagenic” or “the Company”), is a Delaware corporation with one subsidiary named Protagenic Therapeutics Canada (2006) Inc. (“PTI Canada”), a corporation formed in 2006 under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada.

The Company was previously known as Atrinsic, Inc., a company that was once a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but that, in 2012 and 2013, reorganized under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code and emerged from bankruptcy. On February 12, 2016, the Company acquired Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc. (“Prior Protagenic”) through a reverse merger.

On February 12, 2016, Protagenic Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, merged (the “Merger”) with and into Prior Protagenic. Prior Protagenic was the surviving corporation of the Merger. As a result of the Merger, the Company acquired the business of Prior Protagenic and has continued the existing business operations of Prior Protagenic as a wholly-owned subsidiary. On June 17, 2016, Prior Protagenic merged with and into the Company with the Company as the surviving corporation in the merger. Immediately thereafter, the Company changed its name from Atrinsic, Inc. to Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc.

NOTE 2 - GOING CONCERN

As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant reoccurring losses resulting in an accumulated deficit. The Company anticipates further losses in the development of its business. The Company had negative cash flows used in operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Based on its current forecast and budget, management believes that its cash resources will be sufficient to fund its operations at least until the end of the third quarter of 2021. Absent generation of sufficient revenue from the execution of the Company’s business plan and sales revenue is not anticipated before 2024, the Company will need to obtain debt or equity financing by the third quarter of 2021. Management believes that actions presently being taken to obtain additional funding provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern; no adjustments to the financial statements have been made to account for this uncertainty.

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC” for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. As this is an interim period financial statement, certain adjustments are not necessary as with a financial period of a full year. Although management believes that the disclosures in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements that have been prepared in accordance U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, which contain the audited financial statements and notes thereto, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 included within the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2020. The interim results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ended December 31, 2020 or for any future interim periods.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Protagenic Therapeutics, Inc., and its wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, PTI Canada. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates underlying the consolidated financial statements include the allocation of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities, income tax provisions, valuation of stock options and warrants and assessment of deferred tax asset valuation allowance.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company maintains its cash accounts at financial institutions which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At times, the Company may have deposits in excess of federally insured limits.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. While the Company’s marketable securities are cash equivalents it is the Company’s policy to present them separately on the balance sheet. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any cash equivalents.

Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost includes expenditures for computer equipment. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. The cost of equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets which is three years. Depreciation expense was nominal for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Marketable Securities

The Company accounts for marketable debt securities, the only type of securities it owns, in accordance with sub-topic 320-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Sub-topic 320-10”).

Pursuant to Paragraph 320-10-35-1, investments in debt securities that are classified as available for sale shall be measured subsequently at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets at each balance sheet date. Unrealized holding gains and losses for available-for-sale securities (including those classified as current assets) shall be excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income until realized.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company purchased $0 and sold $250,000 in marketable securities with a realized gain of $0 and $4,435 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company owned marketable securities with a total value of $0 and $0, respectively. The Company recorded an unrealized gain on marketable securities of $0 and $4,823 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company held no marketable securities.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure,” defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not adjusted for transaction costs. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).

The three levels are described below:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that is accessible by the Company;

Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;

Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability including significant assumptions of the Company and other market participants.

The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.

The assets or liability’s fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table provides a summary of financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of June 30, 2020.

The following table provides a summary of financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2019.

The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including net transfers in and/or out, of all financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019:

The fair value of the derivative feature of the 127,346 and 295,945 warrants issued to the placement agent of the Company’s 2016 private offering (the “2016 Offering”) and to a holder of its debt for debt cancellation in connection with the Merger, respectively on the issuance dates and at the balance sheet date were calculated using a Black-Scholes option model valued with the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate: The Company uses the risk-free interest rate of a U.S. Treasury Note with a similar expected term on the date of measurement.

Dividend yield: The Company uses a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future.

Volatility: The Company calculates the expected volatility of the stock price based on the corresponding volatility of the Company’s peer group stock price for a period consistent with the warrants’ expected term.

Expected term: The Company’s expected term is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the warrants.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company marked the derivative feature of the warrants to fair value and recorded a gain of $37,189 and a gain of $275,900 relating to the change in fair value, respectively.

Derivative Liability

The Company evaluates its options, warrants or other contracts, if any, to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for in accordance with ASC 815-10-05-4 and 815-40-25. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is marked-to-market each balance sheet date and recorded as either an asset or a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as other income or expense. Upon conversion, exercise or cancellation of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the date of conversion, exercise or cancellation and then the related fair value is reclassified to equity.

The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is re-assessed at the end of each reporting period. Equity instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification are reclassified to liability at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. Derivative instrument liabilities will be classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument is expected within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock based compensation costs under the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense related to the fair value of stock based compensation awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Stock based compensation expense recognized includes the compensation cost for all stock based payments granted to employees, officers, and directors based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. ASC. 718 is also applied to awards modified, repurchased, or canceled during the periods reported.

If any award granted under the Company’s 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) payable in shares of common stock is forfeited, cancelled, or returned for failure to satisfy vesting requirements, otherwise terminates without payment being made, or if shares of common stock are withheld to cover withholding taxes on options or other awards, the number of shares of common stock as to which such option or award was forfeited, or which were withheld, will be available for future grants under the 2016 Plan. The Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures when they occur.

Stock-Based Compensation for Non-Employees

The Company accounts for warrants and options issued to non-employees under AUS 2018-07, Equity – Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) per Common Share

Basic (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the dilutive effect of shares issuable through the common stock equivalents. The effect of dilution on net loss becomes anti-dilutive and therefore is not reflected on the income statement.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses are charged to operations as incurred.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company follows Section 830-10-45 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“Section 830-10-45”) for foreign currency translation to translate the financial statements of the foreign subsidiary from the functional currency, generally the local currency, into U.S. Dollars. Section 830-10-45 sets out the guidance relating to how a reporting entity determines the functional currency of a foreign entity (including of a foreign entity in a highly inflationary economy), re-measures the books of record (if necessary), and characterizes transaction gains and losses. Pursuant to Section 830-10-45, the assets, liabilities, and operations of a foreign entity shall be measured using the functional currency of that entity. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates; normally, that is the currency of the environment, or local currency, in which an entity primarily generates and expends cash.

The functional currency of each foreign subsidiary is determined based on management’s judgment and involves consideration of all relevant economic facts and circumstances affecting the subsidiary. Generally, the currency in which the subsidiary transacts a majority of its transactions, including billings, financing, payroll and other expenditures, would be considered the functional currency, but any dependency upon the parent and the nature of the subsidiary’s operations must also be considered. If a subsidiary’s functional currency is deemed to be the local currency, then any gain or loss associated with the translation of that subsidiary’s financial statements is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. However, if the functional currency is deemed to be the U.S. Dollar, then any gain or loss associated with the re-measurement of these financial statements from the local currency to the functional currency would be included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company disposes of foreign subsidiaries, then any cumulative translation gains or losses would be recorded into the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss). If the Company determines that there has been a change in the functional currency of a subsidiary to the U.S. Dollar, any translation gains or losses arising after the date of change would be included within the statement of income and comprehensive income (loss).

Based on an assessment of the factors discussed above, the management of the Company determined its subsidiary’s local currency (i.e. the Canadian dollar) to be the functional currency for its foreign subsidiary.

Leases

In February 2016, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842). The new guidance generally requires an entity to recognize on its balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets. The standard will be effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition for existing leases to each prior reporting period presented or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. This standard was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following at:

On October 1, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with a consultant for toxicology studies. The consultant quoted a commitment of approximately $988,000 as an estimate for the study. 50% of the total price was paid upon the signing of the agreement, 35% of the total price is to be upon completion of the in-life study, and the remaining 15% of the total price is to be paid upon the issuance of the report. If the Company cancels the study the Company will be required to pay a cancelation fee. If the cancelation happens prior to the arrival of the test animals then the Company will need to pay between 20% and 50% of the animal fees depending on when the cancellation happens. If the cancellation occurs after the animals arrive but before the study begins then the Company will be responsible for paying 50% of the protocol price plus a fee of $7,000 per room/week for animal husbandry until the animals can be relocated or disposed of. If the Company cancels the study after it has begun then the Company will need to pay any fees for procured items for the study and any nonrecoverable expenses incurred by the consultant. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has paid $174,106 and $0 and there is a balance of $319,799 and $493,905 due, respectively.

On February 13, 2020, the Company issued 187,497 options to the Company’s CFO to settle $93,950 in accrued compensations. The options are fully vested on issuance, have an exercise price of $1.75, and expire in 10 years from issuance.

NOTE 5 - DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

Upon closing of the private placement transactions in 2016, the Company issued 127,346 and 295,945 warrants, respectively, to the placement agent of the 2016 Offering and to Strategic Bio Partners, a holder of the Company’s debt, for debt cancellation, respectively, to purchase the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock with an exercise price of $1.25 and a five-year term. Upon the effectiveness of our reverse stock split in July 2016, these became warrants to purchase our common stock on the same terms and conditions. The warrants, if exercised under the cashless provision, do not have an explicit limit on the number of shares that will be issued.

NOTE 6 – CONVERTIBLE NOTE PAYABLE (PIK NOTES)

Convertible Notes Payable

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a series of unsecured convertible notes (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes have a total principal amount of $420,000. The Convertible Notes accrue 6% interest per year payable on October 31, 2020 and on the end of each calendar year thereafter, payable by a corresponding increase in the principal amount of each Convertible Note that increases to 12% per year (the Default Rate”) in the case a default. The Company will pay (a “PIK Payment”) the interest due by adding such interest (including interest at the Default Rate) to the then-outstanding principal amount of the Convertible Notes on each interest payment date and on the maturity date. Each PIK Payment will be preceded by written notice from the Company to the Convertible Note holder setting forth in reasonable detail the amount of such PIK Payment and the principal amount of the Convertible Note following such PIK Payment. The Convertible Notes are due on November 6, 2023. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock with a conversion price of $1.25 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

During the second quarter of 2020, the Company issued additional unsecured Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $850,000. The notes accrue 6% interest per year payable on October 31, 2020 and on the end of each calendar year thereafter,   The notes accrue 6% interest per year payable on October 31, 2020 and on the end of each calendar year thereafter, payable by a corresponding increase in the principal amount of each note that increases to 12% per year in the case of the notes entering default. The Company will pay (a “PIK Payment”) the interest due by adding such interest (including interest at the Default Rate) to the then-outstanding principal amount of the Notes on each interest payment date and on the Maturity Date. Each PIK Payment will be preceded by written notice from the Company to the Note holder setting forth in reasonable detail the amount of such PIK Payment and the principal amount of the Note following such PIK Payment. The notes are due on November 6, 2023. The notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

The Company has evaluated the terms of the Convertible Notes and determined that there are no derivative features in the Convertible Notes. These Convertible Notes do have a beneficial conversion feature and recorded a total debt discount of $356,204 with $104,204 being recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company amortized $40,095 and $0 of the debt discount, respectively. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had an unamortized debt discount of $309,289 and $245,179, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company owes $1,270,000 and $420,000 on the outstanding Convertible Notes, respectively.

Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company issued unsecured Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $250,000 to related parties. The notes accrue 6% interest per year payable on October 31, 2020 and on the end of each calendar year thereafter, payable by a corresponding increase in the principal amount of each Convertible Note that increases to 12% per year in the case of the notes entering default. The Company will pay (a “PIK Payment”) the interest due by adding such interest (including interest at the Default Rate) to the then-outstanding principal amount of the Notes on each interest payment date and on the Maturity Date. Each PIK Payment will be preceded by written notice from the Company to the Note holder setting forth in reasonable detail the amount of such PIK Payment and the principal amount of the Note following such PIK Payment. The notes are due on November 6, 2023. The notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

During the second quarter of, 2020, the Company issued additional unsecured Convertible Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $50,000. The notes accrue 6% interest per year payable on October 31, 2020 and on the end of each calendar year thereafter, payable by a corresponding increase in the principal amount of each note that increases to 12% per year in the case of the notes entering default. The Company will pay (a “PIK Payment”) the interest due by adding such interest (including interest at the Default Rate) to the then-outstanding principal amount of the Notes on each interest payment date and on the Maturity Date. Each PIK Payment will be preceded by written notice from the Company to the Note holder setting forth in reasonable detail the amount of such PIK Payment and the principal amount of the Note following such PIK Payment. The notes are due on November 6, 2023. The notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.25 per share.

The Company has evaluated the terms of the notes and determined that there are no derivative features in the note. The Convertible Notes issued to related parties have a beneficial conversion feature and, accordingly, the Company recorded a debt discount of $150,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019. No debt discount was recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2020. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company amortized $18,828 and $0 of the debt discount, respectively, on Convertible Notes issued to related parties. Additionally, a fee of $9,000 was expensed related to the notes. At June, 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had an unamortized debt discount of $126,623 and $154,451, respectively, on Convertible Notes issued to related parties.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company owes $300,000 and $250,000 on the outstanding notes, respectively, held by related parties.

NOTE 7 - STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Stock-Based Compensation

In connection with the consummation of the Merger completed on February 12, 2016, we adopted Prior Protagenic’s 2006 Employee, Director and Consultant Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”). On June 17, 2016, our stockholders adopted the 2016 Plan and, as a result, we terminated the 2006 Plan. We will not grant any further awards under the 2006 Plan. All outstanding grants under the 2006 Plan will continue in effect in accordance with the terms of the particular grant and the 2006 Plan.

Pursuant to the 2016 Plan, the Company’s Compensation Committee may grant awards to any employee, officer, director, consultant, advisor or other individual service provider of the Company or any subsidiary. On each of January 1, 2017, January 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020, pursuant to an annual “evergreen” provision contained in the 2016 Plan, the number of shares reserved for future grants was increased by 564,378 shares, or a total of 1,693,134 shares. As a result of these increases, as of December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2016 Plan was 4,304,245 shares and 4,868,623 shares, respectively. Options issued under the 2016 Plan are exercisable for up to ten years from the date of issuance.

There were 5,222,863 options outstanding as of June 30, 2020. The fair value of each stock option granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes assumptions and or factors as follows:

There were 3,835,366 options outstanding as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of each stock option granted was estimated using the Black-Scholes assumptions and or factors as follows: