PTC INC. - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended: September 30, 2020

OR

For the transition period from_ to_

Commission File Number: 0-18059

PTC Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

121 Seaport Boulevard, Boston, MA 02210

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(781) 370-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant

to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of our voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately 6,144,651,405 on March 27, 2020 based on the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date. There were 115,695,428 shares of our common stock outstanding on that day and 116,662,768 shares of our common stock outstanding on November 18, 2020.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement in connection with the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (2021 Proxy Statement) are incorporated by reference into Part III.

PTC Inc.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020

Table of Contents

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Annual Report about our anticipated financial results and growth, as well as about the development of our products and markets, are forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and assumptions. Important information about factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements is discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and generally throughout this Annual Report.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to a year reflect our fiscal year that ends on September 30.

PART I

PTC is a global software and services company that delivers solutions to power our industrial customers' digital transformations, enabling them to better design, manufacture, operate, and service their products. Our Internet of Things (IoT) and Augmented Reality (AR) solutions enable companies to connect factories and plants, smart products, and enterprise systems to transform their businesses. These products, along with Onshape, are considered our Growth Products. The primary products in our Core Products portfolio are innovative Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solutions that enable manufacturers to create, innovate, and service products. Our Focused Solutions Group (FSG) is a family of software products that target specific vertical industries where we can deliver unique domain expertise and a competitive advantage with Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) products, Service Lifecycle Management (SLM) products, and other niche tailored solutions. Together, these technologies power the digital thread across industrial enterprises.

We also continue to expand our solution offerings to address the most pressing business problems our customers confront. These solutions are being designed to aggregate technology from across our portfolio as well as from other companies, including our key partners.

Our business is based on a subscription business model, which provides flexibility to customers and increases predictability and consistency of billings for PTC. Our customer success program partners with customers to enable successful deployment and use of our solutions.

We generate revenue through the sale of software subscriptions, which include license access and support (technical support and software updates); support for existing perpetual licenses; professional services (consulting, implementation, and training); and cloud services (hosting for our software and SaaS).

Our Strategy

There are three key elements to our strategy to deliver long-term shareholder value.

Align with market demand to build a strong pipeline. We believe demand for solutions such as ours that enable work from home, global team and supply chain collaboration, remote asset management, and remote frontline worker training and support is strong.  

Optimize new and renewal sales and customer success to power top line ARR growth. FY’20 marked the third consecutive year of double-digit ARR growth, despite the extreme volatility of PMIs and the macroeconomic environment that occurred during the same time frame. In the past year, we have accelerated our digital marketing and sales capabilities.  

Create an efficient business model and operation that enable us to drive free cash flow growth. As we have completed our subscription transition, we see greater ARR stability and continue to drive operational efficiencies.

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Our Principal Products and Services

Growth Products

Our ThingWorx^® IIoT platform delivers end-to-end capabilities that enable customers to address every facet of their digital transformation journey, enabling them to transform their operations, products, and services—and unlock new business models. ThingWorx enables customers to reduce the time, cost, and risk required to build and deploy IIoT applications; easily and more securely connect devices, systems, and applications; build applications quickly and at enterprise scale; analyze IIoT data to proactively optimize operations; manage connected devices, processes and systems; and create digital and AR experiences. ThingWorx Solution Central is a centralized portal in the cloud that allows users of ThingWorx to efficiently discover, deploy, and manage ThingWorx applications across the enterprise from a single location, which allows for cost-effective, efficient, and version-controlled management of applications. Our ThingWorx Kepware^® product enables users to connect, manage, monitor, and control disparate devices and software applications. ThingWorx also offers sophisticated artificial intelligence and machine learning technology that enables customers to simplify and automate complex analytical processes, enhancing IIoT solutions through real-time insights, predictions and recommendations from information collected from smart, connected things. ThingWorx also includes AR capabilities that superimpose IoT digital information on a human’s view of the physical world, enabling valuable insights. PTC was named a leader in IIoT platforms in Gartner’s 2020 Magic Quadrant, Quadrant Knowledge Solutions’ 2020 SPARK Matrix, and Forrester’s 2019 Wave.

Our Vuforia^® enterprise AR platform and wide-ranging solution suite enable industrial enterprise customers to address workforce challenges and meet business goals. Our Vuforia Studio™ product is a powerful, easy-to-use, cloud-based tool that enables industrial enterprises to rapidly author and publish augmented reality experiences. These augmented reality experiences overlay important digital information from IoT, CAD, and other sources onto the view of the physical things on which users work. Our Vuforia Expert Capture™ product chronicles the real-time movements of a person wearing an AR headset by monitoring the individual both audio-visually and spatially in three dimensions. Vuforia Expert Capture supports a variety of industrial use cases, such as creating step-by-step operating or repair instructions, procedural guidance, and hands-on training. The Vuforia suite also includes the Vuforia Engine™ technology for application development, Vuforia Chalk™ collaboration and remote assistance solution, and Vuforia Spatial Toolbox™ technology to accelerate the development of spatial computing prototypes and use cases. PTC was named a leader in AR platforms in ABI Research’s 2019 Competitive Assessment and Teknowlogy’s PAC RADAR assessment.

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Our Onshape^® Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) product development platform unites computer-aided design with data management, collaboration tools, and real-time analytics. A cloud-native multi-tenant solution that can be instantly deployed on virtually any computer or mobile device, Onshape enables teams to work together from anywhere. Real-time design reviews, commenting, and simultaneous editing enable a collaborative workflow where multiple design iterations can be completed in parallel and merged into the final design.

Core Products

Our Creo^® interoperable suite of product design software provides a scalable set of packages for design engineers to meet a variety of specialized needs. Creo provides capabilities for generative design, real-time simulation (through our collaboration with ANSYS), additive manufacturing, design flexibility, advanced assembly design, piping and cabling design, advanced surfacing, comprehensive virtual prototyping and other essential design functions. Our Creo solutions also include augmented and virtual reality through a native cloud-dependent integration with our Vuforia® augmented reality (AR) solution. With every seat of Creo, our customers can create and publish AR experiences and share their designs instantly to collaborate with anyone across the entire enterprise around the world on virtually any device.

Our Windchill^® suite of PLM software enables efficient and consistent product data management from inception through design, as well as communication and collaboration across the entire enterprise, including product development, manufacturing and the supply chain. Windchill offers a single repository for product information, thus providing a “single source of truth” for product-related content such as CAD models, documents, technical illustrations, embedded software, calculations, and requirement specifications for all phases of the product lifecycle to help companies streamline enterprise-wide communication and make informed decisions. As the “single source of truth,” Windchill provides the digital thread that connects the full product lifecycle. Windchill also includes augmented reality (AR) capabilities, enabling customers to build a digital product definition and publish the representation of the resulting product in AR. Using AR in the product development process connects the digital model to the physical product to determine real-time behavior, conduct product design reviews in real-world environments, and share the product definition with disparate stakeholders. PTC was named a leader in PLM in Quadrant Knowledge Solutions’ 2019 SPARK Matrix.

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Focused Group Products (FSG)

Our Integrity^TM application lifecycle management (ALM) and model-based systems engineering capabilities enable users to manage system models, software configurations, test plans and defects.

Our Servigistics^® service parts management solution enables customers to effectively manage service parts, improve their products and services, and increase customer satisfaction.

Strategic Alliances

Building an ecosystem of partners is becoming increasingly important as we expand the capabilities of our core solutions and IIoT offerings and expand our addressable markets by leveraging our partner sales and services distribution channels.

We partner with Rockwell Automation to align our respective smart factory technologies to address the market for smart, connected operations, with particular focus on the plant and factory setting. The companies’ primary joint offering, FactoryTalk InnovationSuite Powered by PTC, is the industry’s first comprehensive digital transformation software suite that offers fully integrated IIoT, edge-to-cloud analytics, manufacturing execution systems (MES), and AR. In October 2020, we expanded our strategic alliance with Rockwell Automation to include our PLM and SaaS products to streamline both companies’ commercial efforts to extend a comprehensive digital thread solution, from upfront design through operation and maintenance. PTC will also offer Rockwell Automation’s virtual machinery simulation and testing software to its own customers and partners. Rockwell Automation has exclusive rights to resell certain of our solutions to certain customers and geographic regions. In connection with this strategic alliance, in 2018 Rockwell Automation made a $1 billion equity investment in PTC.

We partner with Microsoft to make the ThingWorx® Industrial Innovation Platform available on the Microsoft Azure cloud platform as our preferred cloud platform. By partnering with Microsoft, we are able to leverage the two companies’ complementary technologies and together pursue opportunities in industrial sectors. This integration enables us to deliver a combined and connected solution for IIoT and digital product lifecycle management that enables companies to bring new products to market faster, enhance customer service, and introduce new revenue streams, while reducing operating costs.

In Q3’20, we expanded our strategic alliances with Microsoft and Rockwell Automation into a three-way alliance to take to market a new class of IIoT solutions called Factory Insights as a Service. Factory Insights as a Service is a turnkey cloud solution that enables manufacturers to achieve significant impact, speed, and scale with their digital transformation initiatives.

We partner with ANSYS to embed Ansys' Discovery Live real-time simulation within Creo, enabling us to offer a fully-integrated CAD and real-time simulation solution. We are also working towards integrating Ansys’s broader Discovery AIM suite with the Creo suite.

Our Markets and How We Address Them

We compete in the IIoT, AR, CAD and PLM markets. The markets we serve present different growth opportunities for us. We see greater opportunity for market growth for our IIoT and AR solutions for the enterprise, followed by more moderate market growth for our CAD and PLM solutions.

We derive most of our sales from products and services sold directly by our sales force to end-user customers. Approximately 30% to 35% of our sales of products and services are through third-party resellers. Our sales force focuses on large accounts, while our reseller channel provides a cost-effective means of covering the small- and medium-size business market. Our strategic services partners provide service offerings to help customers implement our product offerings. As we grow our IIoT business, we expect that our go-to-market strategy will rely more on selling through partners, including the types of strategic partners described above, and marketing directly to end users and developers.

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Additional financial information about our segments and international and domestic operations may be found in Note 18. Segment and Geographic Information of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Competition

We compete with a number of companies whose offerings address one or more specific functional areas covered by our solutions. In our IIoT business, we compete with large established companies such as Amazon, IBM, Oracle, SAP, Siemens AG, Software AG, and GE. There are also a number of smaller companies that compete in the market for IIoT products. For enterprise CAD and PLM solutions, we compete with companies including Autodesk, Dassault Systèmes SA, and Siemens AG. For PLM solutions, we also compete with Oracle and SAP, but we believe our products are more specifically targeted toward the business process challenges of manufacturing companies and offer broader and deeper functionality for those processes than ERP-based solutions. For our AR products, our primary competitors include Microsoft, Upskill, Ubimax, ScopeAR and Re’Flekt.

Proprietary Rights

Our software products and related technical know-how, along with our trademarks, including our company names, product names and logos, are proprietary. We protect our intellectual property rights in these items by relying on copyrights, trademarks, patents and common law safeguards, including trade secret protection. The nature and extent of such legal protection depends in part on the type of intellectual property right and the relevant jurisdiction. In the U.S., we are generally able to maintain our trademark registrations for as long as the trademarks are in use and to maintain our patents for up to 20 years from the earliest effective filing date. We also use license management and other anti-piracy technology measures, as well as contractual restrictions, to curtail the unauthorized use and distribution of our products.

Our proprietary rights are subject to risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” below. You should read that discussion, which is incorporated into this section by reference.

Employees

As of September 30, 2020, we had 6,243 employees, including 1,949 in research and development; 1,679 in customer support, training, consulting, cloud services and product distribution; 1,866 in sales and marketing; and 749 in general and administration. Of these employees, 2,315 were in the United States; 2,218 in the Asia Pacific region, including 1,501 in India; 1,566 in Europe; and 144 in the Americas (excluding the U.S.).

As a software company, our employees are a significant asset and we aim to create an environment that is equitable, inclusive and representative in which our employees can grow and advance their careers, with the overall goal of developing, expanding and retaining our workforce to support our business.

Inclusion and Diversity. We have prioritized inclusion and diversity (I&D) as part of our corporate-wide strategic goals. Strategies we’ve taken to create and sustain a more inclusive and diverse environment include: hiring a dedicated head of I&D; expanding our recruiting efforts at schools and job fairs focused on minorities and other diversity dimensions; and launching, expanding and supporting our Employee Resource Groups—groups of PTC employees that voluntarily join together based on shared characteristics, life experiences, or interest around particular activities.

Workforce Planning and Retention. Our efforts to recruit and retain a diverse and passionate workforce include providing competitive compensation and benefit packages worldwide and ensuring we listen to our employees. To that end, we regularly survey our employees to obtain their views and assess employee satisfaction. We use the views expressed in the surveys to influence our people strategy and policies. We also use employee survey information, headcount data and cost analyses to gain insights into how and where we work.

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Website Access to Reports and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We make available free of charge on our website at www.ptc.com the following reports as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing them with, or furnishing them to, the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; our Current Reports on Form 8-K; and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our Proxy Statements for our Annual Meetings and Section 16 trading reports on SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5 also are available on our website. The reference to our website is not intended to incorporate information on our website into this Annual Report by reference.

Our Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers is embedded in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is also available on our website. Additional information about this code and amendments and waivers thereto can be found below in Part III, Item 10 of this Annual Report.

Executive Officers

Information about our executive officers is incorporated by reference from our 2021 Proxy Statement.

Corporate Information

PTC was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1985 and is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

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The following are important factors we have identified that could affect our future results and your investment in our securities. You should consider them carefully when evaluating an investment in PTC securities or any forward-looking statements made by us, including those contained in this Annual Report, because these factors could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or the performance projected in forward-looking statements. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

I.Risks Related to Our Business Operations and Industry

We face significant competition, which may reduce our profitability and limit or reduce our market share.

The markets for our products and solutions are rapidly changing and characterized by intense competition, disruptive technology developments, evolving distribution models and increasingly lower barriers to entry. If we are unable to provide products and solutions that address customers’ needs as well as our competitors’ products and solutions do, or to align our pricing, licensing and delivery models with customer preferences, we could lose customers and/or fail to attract new customers, which could cause us to lose revenue and market share.

For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused companies worldwide to close their offices and their employees to have to work remotely from their homes, which has focused companies on the need for solutions that empower and support remote work by employees. We believe customers and potential customers will increasingly seek software solutions that support remote work by employees. Although many of our solutions support remote work, others are less efficient at doing so. We have embarked on an effort to make our solutions available on a SaaS platform, however, this will require significant effort and investment and we cannot be sure that we will be able to make our solutions available as SaaS solutions as quickly as we expect. If we are unable to compete successfully with competitors offering SaaS solutions, we could lose customers and/or fail to attract new customers, which could cause us to lose revenue and market share, which would adversely affect our business and financial results.

In addition, competitive pressures could cause us to reduce our prices, which could reduce our revenue and margins.

Finally, our current and potential competitors range from large and well-established companies to emerging start-ups. Some of our competitors and potential competitors have greater name recognition in the markets we serve and greater financial, technical, sales and marketing, and other resources, which could limit our ability to gain customer recognition and confidence in our products and solutions and successfully sell our products and solutions, which could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

A breach of security in our products or computer systems, or those of our third-party service providers, could compromise the integrity of our products, cause loss of data, harm our reputation, create additional liability and adversely impact our financial results.

We have implemented and continue to implement measures intended to maintain the security and integrity of our products, source code and computer systems. The potential for a security breach or system disruption has significantly increased over time as the scope, number, intensity and sophistication of attempted cyberattacks and cyberintrusions have increased. We face cyberattacks and intrusions designed to access and exfiltrate information and to disrupt and lock-up access to systems for the purpose of demanding a ransom payment. Despite efforts to create security barriers to such threats, it is impossible for us to eliminate the risk of a successful cyberattack or intrusion, and, in fact, we deal with security issues on a regular basis and have experienced security incidents from time to time. Accordingly, there is a risk that a cyberattack or intrusion will be successful and that such event will be material.

In addition, we offer cloud services to our customers and some of our products are hosted by third-party service providers, which expose us to additional risks as those repositories of our customers’ proprietary data may be targeted and a cyberattack or intrusion may be successful and material.

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A significant breach of the security and/or integrity of our products or systems, or those of our third-party service providers, could prevent our products from functioning properly, could enable access to sensitive, proprietary or confidential information, including that of our customers, or could disrupt our business operations or those of our customers. This could require us to incur significant costs of investigation, remediation and/or payment of a ransom; harm our reputation; cause customers to stop buying our products; and cause us to face lawsuits and potential liability, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to hire or retain personnel with the necessary skills to operate and grow our business, which could adversely affect our ability to compete.

Our success depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, sales and marketing, technical, financial and administrative personnel to operate and grow our business. Competition for such personnel in our industry is intense, particularly in the Boston, Massachusetts area where our global headquarters is located.

The technical personnel required to develop our products and solutions are in high demand, particularly technical personnel with augmented and virtual reality and analytics expertise as there are comparatively fewer persons with those skills. If we are unable to attract and retain technical personnel with the requisite skills, our product and solution development efforts could be delayed, which could adversely affect our ability to compete and thereby adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

The managerial, sales and marketing, financial and administrative personnel necessary to guide our operations, market and sell our solutions and support our business operations are also in high demand due to the intense competition in our industry.

If we are unable to attract and retain the personnel we need to develop compelling products and solutions, and guide, operate and support our business, we may be unable to successfully compete in the marketplace, which would adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

The extent to which the novel coronavirus COVID-19 may impact our business is uncertain and it could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global economic activity and has created macroeconomic uncertainty. Public and private sector policies and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions, temporary closures of businesses, and the adoption of remote working, have significantly changed the way we and our customers work. The effects and duration of this disruption remain uncertain.

While PTC was able to transition to remote working without significant disruption to our day-to-day operations, disruption to our customers’ and our prospects’ operations and the way we work with them have adversely affected our business.

Demand for our solutions has declined and could decline further due to challenges associated with conducting in-person sales meetings and project scoping and implementation activities while social distancing measures are in place, which has deterred or prevented, and could further deter or prevent, customers from proceeding with new software purchases and deployments. Likewise, temporary plant closures, layoffs and furloughs at our customers and the challenges they face forecasting business needs in this time of global economic uncertainty have caused, and could continue to cause, our customers to delay or reduce new license purchases.

Longer term plant closures and layoffs among our customer base could cause existing subscription customers to renew fewer existing licenses when their subscriptions come up for renewal and could cause existing support customers to discontinue support at the time of renewal. We experienced an increase in churn in FY’20 to 8.6%, versus a churn rate of 7.4% for FY’19. If churn increases in the future, our ARR and financial results and condition could be negatively impacted.

Reductions in new license sales and/or renewals and in professional services delivered could reduce our ARR growth or cause our ARR to decline, and would reduce our professional services revenue, all of

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which would adversely affect our revenue, earnings and cash flow. Further prolonged disruption could continue to negatively impact the businesses of our customers and prospective customers and, therefore, our business and financial condition.

The economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has also caused our customers to focus on their liquidity. This focus on liquidity, or our customers’ lack of liquidity, could adversely affect our cash flows if we make concessions in the amount or timing of payments due from customers or if our customers do not pay when or as expected. Moreover, some of our resellers may face liquidity challenges, which could adversely affect our cash flows if they do not pay us when or as expected.

If our business declines due to the above, we could be required to reduce our expenses, which could result in material restructuring charges and/or reduce or delay investments in our business, including hiring. Reductions in our workforce and/or investments in our business could hamper our ability to recover and compete successfully, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Finally, while we expect to have sufficient liquidity with cash on hand, cash generated from operations, and amounts available under our credit facility to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next twelve months and our known long-term capital requirements, declines in cash flows could adversely affect our liquidity and we may be unable to draw on our credit facility as we expect due to covenants under the credit facility. If our liquidity is significantly impaired, it would significantly adversely affect our business due to our inability to pay our suppliers and our employees. Further, a significant liquidity impairment could cause us to be unable to make the required periodic interest payments due on our outstanding Senior Notes due 2028 and 2025, which would constitute an event of default under the applicable notes, and cause the aggregate principal amount of those notes on which we defaulted to become due and payable.

We depend on sales within the discrete manufacturing sector and our business could be adversely affected if manufacturing activity does not grow, or if it contracts, or if manufacturers are adversely affected by other economic factors.

A large amount of our sales are to customers in the discrete manufacturing sector. The global Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) declined significantly in the second and third quarters of 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19 and, though it has recovered somewhat, remained approximately at the 50% level in September 2020. Although the volatility in Manufacturing PMI did not have a significant adverse effect on our business in FY’20, if the manufacturing sector does not improve or continues to decline, our customers in this sector may, as they have in the past, reduce or defer purchases of our products and services, which could adversely affect our financial results.

In addition, manufacturers worldwide are facing increasing uncertainty about the global economic climate due to, among other factors, the COVID-19 pandemic, the geopolitical environment and ongoing trade tensions and tariffs. In addition, within the technology industry the U.S. Administration’s focus on technology transactions with non-U.S. entities and potential expanded prohibitions has created additional uncertainty. In light of these concerns and challenges, including the potential enactment or expansion of laws that restrict our ability to sell our solutions to customers, customers may delay, reduce or forego purchases of our solutions, which would adversely affect our business and financial results.

If we fail to successfully manage our transition to a subscription-based licensing company, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.

We completed our transition from offering perpetual licenses for our products to offering only subscription-based licenses worldwide in January 2019 (excluding Kepware). While we expect our subscription base, recurring revenue and cash flow to increase over time as a result of this licensing model transition, our ability to achieve these financial objectives is subject to risks and uncertainties. Becoming a subscription-based licensing company requires a considerable investment of technical, financial, legal and sales resources, and a scalable organization. Whether our transition will be successful and will accomplish our business and financial objectives is subject to uncertainties, including but not limited to: customer demand, attach and renewal rates, channel acceptance, our ability to further develop and scale infrastructure, our ability to include functionality and usability in such offerings that address customer

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requirements, and our costs. If we are unable to successfully establish these new offerings and navigate our business transition due to the foregoing risks and uncertainties, our business and financial results could be adversely impacted.

Because our sales and operations are globally dispersed, we face additional compliance risks and any compliance risk could adversely affect our business and financial results.

We sell and deliver software and services, and maintain support operations, in many countries whose laws and practices differ from one another and are subject to unexpected changes. Managing these geographically dispersed operations requires significant attention and resources to ensure compliance with laws of those countries and those of the U.S. governing our activities in non-U.S. countries.

Those laws include, but are not limited to, anti-corruption laws and regulations (including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010), data privacy laws and regulations (including the European Union's General Data Privacy Regulation), and trade and economic sanctions laws and regulations (including laws administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the United Nations Security Council and other relevant sanctions authorities). Our compliance risks are heightened due to the go-to-market approach for our business that relies heavily on a partner ecosystem, the fact that we operate in, and are expanding into, countries with a higher incidence of corruption and fraudulent business practices than others, the fact that we deal with governments and state-owned business enterprises, and the fact that global enforcement of laws has significantly increased.

Accordingly, while we strive to maintain a comprehensive compliance program, we cannot guarantee that an employee, agent or business partner will not act in violation of our policies or U.S. or other applicable laws or that we may inadvertently violate such laws. Investigations of alleged violations of those laws can be expensive and disruptive. Violations of such laws can lead to civil and/or criminal prosecutions, substantial fines and other sanctions, including the revocation of our rights to continue certain operations, and also cause business and reputation loss, which could adversely affect our financial results and/or stock price.

II.Risks Related to Acquisitions and Strategic Relationships

Businesses we acquire may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipate and may otherwise adversely affect our business.

We have acquired, and intend to continue to acquire, new businesses and technologies. If we fail to successfully integrate and manage the businesses and technologies we acquire, if an acquisition does not further our business strategy as we expect, or if a business we acquire has unexpected legal or financial liabilities, our operating results will be adversely affected.

The types of issues that we may face in integrating and operating the acquired business include:

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Further, if we do not achieve the expected return on our investments it could impair the intangible assets and goodwill that we recorded as part of an acquisition, which could require us to record a reduction to the value of those assets.

We may incur significant debt or issue a material amount of debt or equity securities to finance an acquisition, which could adversely affect our operating flexibility and financial statements.

If we were to incur a significant amount of debt—whether by borrowing funds or issuing new debt securities—to finance an acquisition, our interest expense, debt service requirements and leverage would increase significantly. The increases in these expenses and in our leverage could adversely impact our ability to operate the company as we might otherwise and to borrow additional amounts.

If we were to issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with an acquisition, existing stockholders would be diluted and earnings per share could decrease.

Our inability to maintain or develop our strategic and technology relationships could adversely affect our business.

We have many strategic and technology relationships with other companies with which we work to offer complementary solutions and services, that market and sell our solutions, and that provide technologies that we embed in our solutions. We may not realize the expected benefits from these relationships and such relationships may be terminated by the other party. If these companies fail to perform or if a company terminates or substantially alters the terms of the relationship, we could suffer delays in product development, reduced sales or other operational difficulties and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

III.Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights, which could adversely affect our business and our ability to compete effectively.

Our software products are proprietary. We protect our intellectual property rights in these items by relying on copyrights, trademarks, patents and common law safeguards, including trade secret protection, as well as restrictions on disclosures and transferability contained in our agreements with other parties. Despite these measures, the laws of all relevant jurisdictions may not afford adequate protection to our products and other intellectual property. In addition, we frequently encounter attempts by individuals and companies to pirate our software. If our measures to protect our intellectual property rights fail, others may be able to use those rights, which could reduce our competitiveness and revenues.

In addition, any legal action to protect our intellectual property rights that we may bring or be engaged in could be costly, may distract management from day-to-day operations and may lead to additional claims against us, and we may not succeed, all of which would materially adversely affect our operating results.

Intellectual property infringement claims could be asserted against us, which could be expensive to defend and could result in limitations on our use of the claimed intellectual property.

The software industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding copyright, patent and other intellectual property rights. If a lawsuit of this type is filed, it could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel. We cannot be sure that we would prevail against any such asserted claims. If we did not prevail, we could be prevented from using the claimed intellectual property or be required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which might not be available on terms acceptable to us. In addition to possible claims with respect to our proprietary products, some of our products contain technology developed by and licensed from third parties and we may likewise be susceptible to infringement claims with respect to these third-party technologies.

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IV.Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt.

We have a significant amount of indebtedness. As of November 20, 2020, our total debt outstanding was approximately $1.0 billion, all of which was associated with the 3.625% Senior Notes and 4.000% Senior Notes (together, “Senior Notes”) issued February 2020, which mature in February 2025 and 2028, respectively, and are unsecured. All amounts outstanding under the credit facility and the Senior Notes will be due and payable in full on their respective maturity dates. As of November 20, 2020, we had unused commitments under our credit facility of $1.0 billion. PTC Inc. and one of our foreign subsidiaries are eligible borrowers under the credit facility and certain other foreign subsidiaries may become borrowers under our credit facility in the future, subject to certain conditions.

Specifically, our level of debt could:

Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt agreements.

Despite our current level of indebtedness, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur substantially more debt and other obligations. This could further exacerbate the risks to our financial condition described above.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness and other obligations in the future, including secured debt. Although the credit agreement governing our credit facility contains restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions. The additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. In addition, the credit agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, or we incur other obligations, the related risks that we now face could intensify.

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We may not be able to generate enough cash to service all our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business, legislative, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. Our debt agreements restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from those dispositions and may also restrict our ability to raise debt or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due.

Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations.

If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and the lenders under our credit facility could terminate their commitments to loan money, the lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings, the holders of our Senior Notes could declare all outstanding principal, premium, if any, and interest to be due and payable, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. These events could result in a loss of your investment.

We are required to comply with certain financial and operating covenants under our debt agreements. Any failure to comply with those covenants could cause amounts borrowed to become immediately due and payable and/or prevent us from borrowing under the credit facility.

We are required to comply with specified financial and operating covenants under our debt agreements and to make payments under our debt, which limit our ability to operate our business as we otherwise might operate it. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants or to meet any debt payment obligations could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would result in any amounts outstanding, including any accrued interest and/or unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. We might not have enough working capital or liquidity to satisfy any repayment obligations if those obligations were accelerated. In addition, if we are not in compliance with the financial and operating covenants under the credit facility when we wish to borrow funds, we will be unable to borrow funds.

In addition, the financial and operating covenants under the credit facility may limit our ability to borrow funds, including for strategic acquisitions and share repurchases.

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Our credit facility has variable interest tied to LIBOR and we could become subject to higher interest rates if the replacement rate we agree on with our banks is higher.

Borrowings under our revolving credit facility use the London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international, and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to disappear entirely or to perform differently than in the past. Although we believe the recent discussions about alternative rates will not materially increase the interest rates on our credit facility, the final agreed rate may increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.

V.Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter, making future operating results difficult to predict; failure to meet market expectations could cause the price of our securities to decline.

Our quarterly operating results historically have fluctuated and are likely to continue to fluctuate depending on many factors, including:

Accordingly, our quarterly results are difficult to predict prior to the end of the quarter and we may be unable to confirm or adjust expectations with respect to our operating results for a quarter until that quarter has closed. Any failure to meet our quarterly revenue or earnings expectations could adversely impact the market price of our securities.

Our stock price has been volatile, which may make it harder to resell shares at a favorable time and price.

Market prices for securities of software companies are generally volatile and are subject to significant fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Further, our stock price has been more volatile than that of other software companies. Accordingly, the trading prices and valuations of software companies’ stocks, and of ours, may not be predictable. Negative changes in the public’s perception of the prospects of software companies, or of PTC or the markets we serve, could depress our stock price regardless of our operating results.

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Also, a large percentage of our common stock is held by institutional investors and by Rockwell Automation. Purchases and sales of our common stock by these investors could have a significant impact on the market price of the stock. For more information about those investors, please see our proxy statement with respect to our most recent annual meeting of stockholders and Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC with respect to our common stock.

VI.Risks Related to Our Senior Notes

Our Senior Notes are unsecured and do not limit our ability to incur indebtedness, which could reduce any payments to holders of the Senior Notes in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up of PTC.

Unlike the credit facility, which is secured, the Senior Notes are not secured. Although the indenture governing the Senior Notes limits our ability to incur secured debt, the covenant is subject to significant exceptions, and we may incur additional secured debt in the future. The effect of this subordination is that upon a default in payment on, or the acceleration of, any of our secured indebtedness, or in the event of bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization of our company (collectively, “Adverse Events”), the proceeds from the sale of assets securing our secured indebtedness will be available to pay obligations on the Senior Notes only after all indebtedness under the credit facility and any other secured debt has been paid in full. As a result, the holders of the Senior Notes may receive less, ratably, than the holders of secured debt if an Adverse Event occurs.

In addition, the indenture governing the Senior Notes does not limit our ability to incur unsecured indebtedness. If we incur any additional indebtedness that ranks equally with the Senior Notes, subject to collateral arrangements, the holders of that debt will be entitled to share ratably with holders of the Senior Notes in any proceeds distributed in connection with any of the Adverse Events described above. This may reduce the amount of proceeds to holders of the Senior Notes.

Our Senior Notes are not guaranteed by any of our subsidiaries, which could adversely affect our ability to pay interest on or redeem the Senior Notes when due.

We conduct a substantial portion of our operations through our subsidiaries, none of which currently guarantees the Senior Notes. Accordingly, payment of interest on the Senior Notes and redemption of the Senior Notes is dependent on the generation of cash flow by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Unless they become guarantors of the Senior Notes, our subsidiaries do not have any obligation to pay amounts due on the Senior Notes or to make funds available for that purpose. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of the Senior Notes. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity, and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. If we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Senior Notes.

Our Senior Notes are not listed on any national securities exchange or included in any automated quotation system, which could make it harder to resell the notes at a favorable time and price.

Our Senior Notes are not listed on any national securities exchange or included in any automated quotation system. As a result, an active market for the notes may not exist or be maintained, which would adversely affect the market price and liquidity of the notes. In that case, holders may not be able to sell their notes when they want to or at a favorable price.

The market for non-investment grade debt historically has been subject to severe disruptions that have caused substantial volatility in the prices of securities similar to the notes. The market, if any, for the notes may experience similar disruptions and any such disruptions may adversely affect the liquidity in that market or the prices at which the notes may be sold.

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VII.General Risk Factors

Our international businesses present economic and operating risks, which could adversely affect our business and financial results.

We expect that our international operations will continue to expand and to account for a significant portion of our total revenue. Because we transact business in various foreign currencies, the volatility of foreign exchange rates has had and may in the future have a material adverse effect on our revenue, expenses and operating results.

Other risks inherent in our international operations include, but are not limited to, the following:

We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities and our effective tax rate may increase or fluctuate, which could increase our income tax expense and reduce our net income.

As a multinational organization, we are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes in the U.S. and in various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax provision and other tax liabilities. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our tax returns are subject to review by various taxing authorities. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits or tax disputes could be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. For example, we have an open tax dispute in South Korea with respect to which we paid $12 million in 2017 to accommodate the potential tax liability through 2015, which we are disputing. If we do not prevail in that challenge, we could be subject to additional liabilities for periods after 2015, which we estimate could be $17 million.

Our effective tax rate can be adversely affected by several factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:

None.

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We currently have 88 office locations used in operations in the United States and internationally, predominately as sales and/or support offices and for research and development work. Of our total of approximately 1,288,000 square feet of leased facilities used in operations, approximately 521,000 square feet are located in the U.S., including 250,000 square feet at our headquarters facility located in Boston, Massachusetts, and approximately 260,000 square feet are located in India, where a significant amount of our research and development is conducted. In addition, approximately 276,000 feet are associated with facilities that have been restructured, primarily our previous headquarters facility in Needham, Massachusetts. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our present and foreseeable needs.

Information on legal proceedings can be found in Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

Not applicable.

PART II

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "PTC."

On September 30, 2020, the close of our fiscal year, and on November 18, 2020, our common stock was held by 1,072 and 1,070 shareholders of record, respectively.

Our five-year summary of selected financial data and quarterly financial data for the past two years is located on page A-1 at the end of this Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Annual Report about anticipated financial results and growth, as well as about the development of our products and markets, are forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and assumptions. Important information about the bases for these plans and assumptions and factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements is contained below and in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to a year reflect our fiscal year that ends on September 30.

Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Our discussion of results includes discussion of our ARR operating measure, non-GAAP financial measures, and disclosure of our results on a constant currency basis. ARR and our non-GAAP financial measures, including the reasons we use those measures, are described below in Results of Operations - Operating Measure and Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Financial Measures, respectively. The methodology used to calculate constant currency disclosures is described in Results of Operations - Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange on Results of Operations. You should read those sections to understand our operating measure, non-GAAP financial measures, and constant currency disclosures.

Executive Overview

ARR increased 14% to $1,270 million (11% and $1,236 million constant currency) compared to the end of FY’19. ARR growth was strong in our much larger Core business and accelerated in our Growth business, but declined modestly in our Focused Solutions Group (FSG) business. Churn of 8.6% was slightly higher than expected.

FY’20 revenue of $1.46 billion increased 16% year over year driven by 26% recurring revenue growth, due in part to the adoption of ASC 606 and related business policy changes. In Q4’20, contract durations were slightly longer than forecasted and we had a higher than anticipated number of conversions, both of which positively impacted the amount of upfront subscription revenue recognized in the quarter. FY’20 operating margin of 14% increased approximately 900 basis points and EPS increased significantly year over year due to the increase in revenue and a decrease in the effective tax rate, primarily due to a reduction of the U.S. valuation allowance.

We generated $234 million of cash from operations in FY'20 compared to $285 million in FY'19, primarily due to higher interest and restructuring payments in the year. We ended FY’20 with $335 million of cash and marketable securities and $1.0 billion of debt outstanding, including $1 billion of Senior Notes with a weighted average cost of debt of 3.8%, and $18 million outstanding under our credit facility, which was paid down subsequent to year end.

Results of Operations

The following table shows the financial measures that we consider the most significant indicators of our business performance. In addition to providing operating income, operating margin, diluted earnings per share and cash from operations as calculated under GAAP, we provide non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP operating margin, non-GAAP diluted earnings per share, and free cash flow for the reported periods. We also provide a view of our actual results on a constant currency basis. These non-GAAP financial measures exclude the items described in Non-GAAP Financial Measures below. Investors should use these non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with our GAAP results.

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For discussion of FY'19 results and comparison with FY'18 results, refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange on Results of Operations

Approximately 60% of our revenue and 40% of our expenses are transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Because we report our results of operations in U.S. Dollars, currency translation, particularly changes in the Euro, Yen, Shekel, and Rupee relative to the U.S. Dollar, affects our reported results. Starting in Q1’20, our constant currency disclosures are calculated by multiplying the results in local currency for FY’20 and FY’19 by the exchange rates in effect on September 30, 2019, excluding the effect of any hedging. If FY'20 reported results were converted into U.S. dollars based on this methodology, FY'20 revenue would have been lower by $12 million and expenses would have been lower by $4 million. The net impact on year-over-year results would have been a decrease in operating income of $8 million in FY'20.

The results of operations in the table above and revenue by line of business, product group, and geographic region in the tables that follow present both actual percentage changes year over year and percentage changes on a constant currency basis.

Revenue

Our revenue results period to period are impacted by contract terms, including the duration and start dates of our subscription contracts. Early in Q4’19, we discontinued offering cancellation rights for multi-year subscription contracts, which results in the recognition of the license portion of revenue for all years of the contract at the beginning of the multiyear contract period for our on-premises subscription licenses. The discontinuation of the cancellation clause is expected to have less of an impact in FY’21. We are expanding our SaaS offerings and are releasing additional cloud functionality into our products. As a result, our revenue will be impacted as a higher portion of it will be recognized ratably.

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Revenue by Line of Business

Software revenue increased in FY’20 compared to FY’19 due to subscription revenue growth, offset by declines in perpetual license and perpetual support revenue due to conversions of support contracts to subscriptions. In FY’20, subscription license revenue increased 88% (89% constant currency) compared to the year-ago period, due in part to the discontinuation of the annual cancellation right in new multi-year contracts and in part to new conversions in FY’20.

Professional services engagements typically result from sales of new licenses; revenue is recognized over the term of the engagement. Our expectation is that professional services revenue will trend flat-to-down over time due to our strategy to expand margins by migrating more services engagements to our partners and delivering products that require less consulting and training services, and in the near-term will trend down due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Professional services revenue declined in FY’20 due to challenges with project scoping and implementation activities and performance due to social distancing measures and facility closures implemented to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there was an increase in the estimated costs to complete a large fixed price professional services contract, which led to a corresponding decrease in the estimated percent complete and a related reversal of revenue.

Revenue by Product Group

Core product software revenue growth in FY’20 compared to FY’19 was driven by subscription revenue growth of 68% (69% constant currency), offset by expected declines in perpetual license and perpetual support revenue due to the end of sales of perpetual licenses at the end of Q1’19 and conversions of support contracts to subscriptions. Total revenue growth was lower than software revenue growth due to a decline in professional services revenue. In FY’20, professional services revenue declined 26% (actual and constant currency) compared to the year-ago period due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the professional services contract described above. ARR increased 14% (11% constant currency) for FY’20 compared to FY’19, reflecting solid ARR growth for both PLM and CAD.

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Growth product software revenue growth in FY’20 was driven by subscription revenue growth of 49% (50% constant currency) compared to the year-ago period, offset by an expected decline in perpetual license revenue due to the end of sales of perpetual licenses at the end of Q1’19. The revenue growth rate has been impacted by a decrease in the proportion of license revenue recognized upfront as we have released additional cloud functionality (for which revenue is recognized ratably) into our IoT products. Growth product ARR increased 34% (32% constant currency) for FY’20 compared to FY’19, including growth from sales of our products through our strategic alliance with Rockwell Automation and reflecting strong growth in all three product lines.

FSG product software revenue declined in FY’20 compared to FY’19, primarily driven by a 13% (actual and constant currency) decrease in perpetual support revenue due to conversions of support contracts to subscriptions. This decline was partially offset by a 12% (13% constant currency) increase in subscription revenue in FY’20 compared to the year-ago period. The total revenue decrease in FY’20 was higher than the decline in software revenue due to a decrease in professional services revenue, which declined 21% (20% constant currency) in FY’20 compared to FY’19 due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ability to execute professional services projects. FSG product ARR decreased 2% (4% constant currency) for FY’20 compared to FY’19, largely due to the impact of COVID-19 on FSG markets, primarily due to the non-renewal of a government contract which did not receive renewed funding.

Software Revenue by Geographic Region

A significant portion of our software revenue is generated outside the U.S. In both FY'19 and FY'20, approximately 45% of software revenue was generated in the Americas, 35% in Europe, and 20% in Asia Pacific.

Americas software revenue growth in FY’20 was driven by growth in subscription revenue of 44% (actual and constant currency) as compared to FY’19, partially offset by a decline of 16% (15% constant currency) in perpetual support revenue, resulting in recurring revenue growth of 24% (25% constant currency).

Europe software revenue growth in FY’20 was driven by growth in subscription revenue of 67% (69% constant currency) as compared to FY’19, partially offset by a decline in perpetual support revenue, resulting in recurring revenue growth of 28% (30% constant currency).

Asia Pacific software revenue growth in FY’20 was driven by growth in subscription revenue of 70% (actual and constant currency) as compared to FY’19, partially offset by declines of 86% (actual and constant currency) and 20% (actual and constant currency) in perpetual license and support revenue, respectively. Recurring revenue growth was 26% (actual and constant currency).

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Gross Margin

License gross margin increased in FY’20 compared to FY’19 due to revenue increasing significantly as a result of ASC 606 and the discontinuation of the cancellation clause, while cost of license expenses increased only slightly. License revenue growth was driven by an 88% (89% constant currency) increase in subscription license revenue year over year, partially offset by a 54% (53% constant currency) decrease in perpetual license revenue.

Support and cloud services gross margin decreased in FY’20 compared to FY’19 due to a decrease in perpetual support revenue and increases in costs associated with our cloud services business due to increased demand for those services, royalty expenses, and outside service costs. This was partially offset by increases in subscription support and cloud services revenue.

Professional services gross margin decreased in FY’20 compared to FY’19 primarily due to a decrease in revenue driven by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a revenue reversal on a fixed price professional services contract due to a change in the estimated cost to complete, partially offset by decreases in outside services and travel costs.

Operating Expenses

Total headcount increased by 3% in FY’20 to 6,243 from 6,055 at the end of FY’19. Headcount at the end of FY’20 includes approximately 130 people from Onshape and other smaller acquisitions.

Operating expenses in FY'20 compared to FY'19 increased primarily due to the following:

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partially offset by:

Restructuring and other charges in FY’20 primarily related to an employee restructuring plan in the first half of the fiscal year to shift resources to support our SaaS initiatives. Restructuring and other charges in FY’19 largely related to the exit of our Needham headquarters facility.

Interest Expense

Interest expense includes interest under our credit facility and senior notes. Interest expense was higher in FY’20 as compared to FY’19 primarily due to increased debt to complete the Onshape acquisition: we had $1,018 million of total debt at September 30, 2020, compared to $673 million at September 30, 2019. Additionally, we recognized $15 million of expense in FY’20 related to penalties for the early redemption of the 6.000% Senior Notes due 2024. For additional detail on the changes in our debt structure, see Note 9. Debt, included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

The average interest rate on our total borrowings was 4.3% in FY'20 and 5.4% in FY'19. Our average interest rate on the $1.0 billion in Senior Notes will be 3.8% in FY’21.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest income represents earnings on the investment of our available cash and marketable securities.

Other expense, net includes foreign currency gains and losses and other non-operating gains and losses. Foreign currency gains and losses include costs of hedging contracts, certain realized and unrealized foreign currency transaction gains or losses, and foreign exchange gains or losses resulting from the required period-end currency remeasurement of the assets and liabilities of our subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.

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Income Taxes

In FY’20 and FY’19, our tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate due to our corporate structure in which our foreign taxes are at a net effective tax rate lower than the U.S. rate. A significant amount of our foreign earnings is generated by our subsidiaries organized in Ireland. In FY’20 and FY’19 the foreign rate differential predominantly relates to these Irish earnings.

In FY’20, in addition to the foreign rate differential, our tax rate differed from the statutory federal income tax rate due to U.S. tax reform, the excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation and the indirect effects of the adoption of ASC 606. Additionally, we recorded benefits for the reduction of the U.S. valuation allowance as a result of the Onshape acquisition. A further reduction to the valuation allowance was also recorded to reflect the impact from the scheduling of the reversal of existing temporary differences resulting in deferred tax liabilities that cannot be offset against deferred tax assets.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES ACT”). The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which among other things contains numerous income tax provisions. We have determined that the impact of the CARES Act was not material to our consolidated financial statements.

In FY’19, our effective tax rate was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate due in large part to the scheduling of the reversal of existing temporary differences resulting in deferred tax liabilities that cannot be offset against deferred tax assets requiring an increase to the U.S. valuation allowance, U.S. tax reform and foreign withholding taxes, an obligation of the U.S. parent. This is offset by foreign rate differences, the excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation and the indirect effects of the adoption of ASC 606.

In Q4’16, we received an assessment of approximately $12 million from the tax authorities in South Korea. The assessment relates to various tax issues, primarily foreign withholding taxes. We have appealed and intend to vigorously defend our positions. We believe that upon completion of a multi-level appeal process it is more likely than not that our positions will be sustained. Accordingly, we have not recorded a tax reserve for this matter. We paid this assessment in Q1’17 and have recorded the amount in other assets, pending resolution of the appeal process. If the South Korean tax authorities were to prevail then, in addition to the $12 million already assessed, the potential additional exposure through FY’20 would be approximately $17 million. We are continuing to work with our advisors during the court process and still believe our position is sustainable.

In April 2020, we became aware of a potential new interpretation of a withholding tax law in a non-U.S. jurisdiction and its application to certain transactions that was not previously reasonably knowable by us. We have evaluated this new interpretation and made an estimate of the potential tax liability, a reserve for which was recorded in Q3’20 and had an immaterial impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Operating Measure

ARR

ARR (Annual Run Rate) represents the annual value of our portfolio of active renewable customer contracts as of the end of the reporting period, including subscription software, cloud, and support contracts. ARR includes IoT and AR orders placed under our Strategic Alliance Agreement with Rockwell Automation and includes orders placed to satisfy contractual quarterly minimum commitments.

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We believe ARR is a valuable operating metric to measure the health of a subscription business because it captures expected subscription and support cash generation from new customers, existing customer renewals and expansions, and includes the impact of churn, which reflects gross churn, offset by the impact of any pricing increases.

Because this measure represents the annual value of renewable customer contracts as of the end of a reporting period, ARR does not represent revenue for any particular period or remaining revenue that will be recognized in future periods.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The non-GAAP financial measures presented in the discussion of our results of operations and the respective most directly comparable GAAP measures are:

Free cash flow is cash flow from operations net of capital expenditures, which are expenditures for property and equipment and consist primarily of facility improvements (including our construction expenses for our new Seaport headquarters in FY’19), office equipment, computer equipment, and software. We believe that free cash flow, in conjunction with cash from operations, is a useful measure of liquidity since capital expenditures are a necessary component of ongoing operations.

The non-GAAP financial measures other than free cash flow exclude, as applicable: fair value adjustments related to acquired deferred revenue and deferred costs; stock-based compensation expense; amortization of acquired intangible assets; acquisition-related and other transactional charges included in general and administrative expenses; restructuring and other charges, net; non-operating charges; and income tax adjustments.

The items excluded from these non-GAAP financial measures are normally included in the comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our management excludes these items when evaluating our ongoing performance and/or predicting our earnings trends, and therefore excludes them when presenting non-GAAP financial measures. Management uses non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with our GAAP results, as should investors.

Fair value adjustment of acquired deferred revenue is a purchase accounting adjustment recorded to reduce acquired deferred revenue to the fair value of the remaining obligation, so our GAAP revenue after an acquisition does not reflect the full amount of revenue that would have been reported if the acquired deferred revenue was not written down to fair value. We believe excluding these adjustments to revenue from these contracts (and associated costs in fair value adjustment of acquired deferred costs) is useful to investors as an additional means to assess revenue trends of our business.

Stock-based compensation is a non-cash expense relating to stock-based awards issued to executive officers, employees and outside directors, consisting of restricted stock units. We exclude this expense as it is a non-cash expense and we assess our internal operations excluding this expense and believe it facilitates comparisons to the performance of other companies in our industry.

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Amortization of acquired intangible assets is a non-cash expense that is impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We believe the assessment of our operations excluding these costs is relevant to our assessment of internal operations and comparisons to the performance of other companies in our industry.

Acquisition-related and other transactional charges included in general and administrative expenses are direct costs of potential and completed acquisitions and expenses related to acquisition integration activities, including transaction fees, due diligence costs, severance and professional fees. Subsequent adjustments to our initial estimated amount of contingent consideration associated with specific acquisitions are also included within acquisition-related charges. Other transactional charges include third-party costs related to structuring unusual transactions. We do not include these costs when reviewing our operating results internally. The occurrence and amount of these costs will vary depending on the timing and size of acquisitions.

Restructuring and other charges, net includes excess facility restructuring charges (credits); headquarters relocation charges; impairment and accretion expense charges related to the lease assets of exited facilities; sublease income from previously impaired facilities; and severance costs resulting from reductions of personnel driven by modifications to our business strategy. Headquarters relocation charges are non-cash accelerated depreciation expense recorded in advance of exiting our prior headquarters facility due to changes in the estimated useful lives of fixed assets and overlapping rental expense for the Needham and Seaport facilities. We do not include these costs when reviewing our operating results internally. These costs may vary in size based on our restructuring plan.

Non-operating charges. In Q2’20, we incurred an early redemption interest penalty and in Q3’20, we wrote off debt issuance costs, both of which were related to the settlement of the 6.000% Senior Notes due 2024 and which are also excluded from our non-GAAP financial measures as they are non-ordinary course in nature and not included in management’s review of our results.

Income tax adjustments include the tax impact of the items above and assumes that we are profitable on a non-GAAP basis in the U.S. and one foreign jurisdiction. It also eliminates the effect of the valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions. Additionally, we exclude other material tax items that we do not include when reviewing our operating results internally.

We use these non-GAAP financial measures, and we believe that they assist our investors, to make period-to-period comparisons of our operational performance because they provide a view of our operating results without items that are not, in our view, indicative of our core operating results. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures help illustrate underlying trends in our business, and we use the measures to establish budgets and operational goals (communicated internally and externally) for managing our business and evaluating our performance. We believe that providing non-GAAP financial measures also affords investors a view of our operating results that may be more easily compared to the results of other companies in our industry that use similar financial measures to supplement their GAAP results.

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The items excluded from the non-GAAP financial measures often have a material impact on our financial results and such items often recur. Accordingly, the non-GAAP financial measures included in this Annual Report should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the comparable measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following tables reconcile each of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most closely comparable GAAP measure on our financial statements.

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Reconciliation of GAAP and non-GAAP diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

Operating margin impact of non-GAAP adjustments:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing our financial statements, we make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on our reported revenues, results of operations, and net income, as well as on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our balance sheet. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are made based on our historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur or additional information is obtained, and we may periodically be faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within our control and may not be known for a prolonged period of time.

The accounting policies, methods and estimates used to prepare our financial statements are described generally in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. The most important accounting judgments and estimates that we made in preparing the financial statements involved:

A critical accounting policy is one that is both material to the presentation of our financial statements and requires us to make subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting policies require us to make assumptions about matters that are uncertain at the time of the estimate, and different estimates that we could have used, or changes in the estimates that are reasonably likely to occur, may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Because the use of estimates is inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounting policies, guidelines and interpretations related to our critical accounting policies and estimates are generally subject to numerous sources of authoritative guidance and are often reexamined by accounting standards rule makers and regulators. These rule makers and/or regulators may promulgate interpretations, guidance or regulations that may result in changes to our accounting policies, which could have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

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Revenue Recognition

Effective October 1, 2018, we record revenues in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For a full description of our revenue accounting policy, please refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

Our sources of revenue include: (1) subscription, (2) perpetual license, (3) support for perpetual licenses and (4) professional services. Subscriptions include term-based on-premises licenses, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), and hosting services. Revenue is derived from the licensing of computer software products and from related support and/or professional services contracts.

Judgments and Estimates

Determination of performance obligations. Our subscriptions are frequently sold as a bundle of products and services, typically pairing on-premises term software licenses with support and/or cloud services over the same term. On-premises software is typically determined to be a distinct performance obligation, and is thus recognized separately from the support and/or cloud components. On-premises software revenue is generally recognized at the point in time that the software is made available to the customer, while the support and cloud revenue components are recognized over the term of the contract. In cases where subscriptions include cloud functionality and on-premises software, an assessment has been performed to determine whether the cloud services are distinct from the on-premises software. In the substantial majority of instances, cloud services provide incremental functionality to customers and have been considered distinct and recognized separately from the on-premises software. This assessment could have a significant impact on the timing of revenue recognition and may change as our product offerings evolve.

Allocation of transaction price. We estimate the standalone selling price of each identified performance obligation and use that estimate to allocate the transaction price among said performance obligations. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including market conditions and other observable inputs. Significant judgment is used in determining the standalone selling prices of the on-premises license, support, and cloud components of our subscription products. These estimates are subject to change as our product offerings change and could have a significant impact due to the difference in the timing of revenue recognition for on-premises licenses and support and/or cloud.

Right to exchange. Our multi-year, non-cancellable on-premises subscription contracts provide customers with an annual right to exchange software within the original subscription with other software. We account for this right as a refund liability. For most contracts, we use the expected value method to determine the refund liability associated with this right across a portfolio of contracts. Where contracts are outside of the standard portfolio of contracts due to contract size, longer contract duration, or other unique contractual terms, we use the most likely amount method to determine the refund liability for each individual contract. In both circumstances, the transaction price is constrained based on our estimates, which impacts the amount of revenue recognized. Changes in these estimates could significantly impact revenue for any given period.

Accounting for Income Taxes

As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to calculate our income tax expense based on taxable income by jurisdiction. There are many transactions and calculations about which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; as a result, our calculations involve estimates by management. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of revenue-sharing, cost-reimbursement and transfer pricing arrangements among related entities and the differing tax treatment of revenue and cost items across various jurisdictions. If we were compelled to revise or to account differently for our arrangements, that revision could affect our recorded tax liabilities.

The income tax accounting process also involves estimating our actual current tax liability, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our

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consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance as a charge to income tax expense.

As of September 30, 2020, we have a valuation allowance of $171.3 million against net deferred tax assets in the U.S. and a valuation allowance of $34.1 million against net deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions. We have concluded, based on the weight of available evidence, that a full valuation allowance continues to be required against our U.S. net deferred tax assets as they are not more likely than not to be realized in the future. We will continue to reassess our valuation allowance requirements each financial reporting period.

The valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets of certain foreign jurisdictions is established primarily for our capital loss carryforwards, the majority of which do not expire. However, there are limitations imposed on the utilization of such capital losses that could further restrict the recognition of any tax benefits.

Prior to the passage of the U.S. Tax Act, the Company asserted that substantially all of the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries were considered indefinitely invested and accordingly, no deferred taxes were provided. Pursuant to the provisions of the U.S. Tax Act, these earnings were subjected to a one-time transition tax and there is therefore no longer a material cumulative basis difference associated with the undistributed earnings. We maintain our assertion to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the U.S. unless repatriation can be done substantially tax-free, with the exception of a foreign holding company formed in 2018 and our Taiwan subsidiary. If we decide to repatriate any additional non-U.S. earnings in the future, we may be required to establish a deferred tax liability on such earnings. The amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability on the undistributed earnings would not be material.

In the normal course of business, PTC and its subsidiaries are examined by various taxing authorities, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the U.S. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. We are currently under audit by tax authorities in several jurisdictions. Audits by tax authorities typically involve examination of the deductibility of certain permanent items, transfer pricing, limitations on net operating losses and tax credits. Although we believe our tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in material changes in our estimates.

Valuation of Assets and Liabilities Acquired in Business Combinations

In accordance with business combination accounting, we allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Determining these fair values requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.

Our identifiable intangible assets acquired consist of developed technology, core technology, tradenames, customer lists and contracts, and software support agreements and related relationships. Developed technology consists of products that have reached technological feasibility. Core technology represents a combination of processes, inventions and trade secrets related to the design and development of acquired products. Customer lists and contracts and software support agreements and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with customers of the acquired company’s installed base. We have generally valued intangible assets using a discounted cash flow model. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets include but are not limited to:

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In addition, we estimate the useful lives of our intangible assets based upon the expected period over which we anticipate generating economic benefits from the related intangible asset.

Net tangible assets consist of the fair values of tangible assets less the fair values of assumed liabilities and obligations. Except for deferred revenues, net tangible assets were generally valued by us at the respective carrying amounts recorded by the acquired company, if we believed that their carrying values approximated their fair values at the acquisition date. The values assigned to deferred revenue reflect an amount equivalent to the estimated cost plus an appropriate profit margin to perform the services related to the acquired company’s software support contracts.

In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date and we reevaluate these items quarterly with any adjustments to our preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill provided that we are within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) and we continue to collect information in order to determine their estimated values. Subsequent to the measurement period or our final determination of the estimated value of uncertain tax positions or tax-related valuation allowances, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect our provision for income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur, which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

When events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a finite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable, we perform an assessment of the asset for potential impairment. This assessment is based on projected undiscounted future cash flows over the asset’s remaining life. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its undiscounted cash flows, we record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset, determined using projected discounted future cash flows of the asset.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

We invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds. Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. In addition, we hold investments in marketable securities totaling approximately $59 million with an average maturity of 12 months. At September 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled $275 million, compared to $270 million at September 30, 2019.

A significant portion of our cash is generated and held outside the U.S. As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $39 million in the U.S., $108 million in Europe, $99 million in Asia Pacific (including India) and $29 million in other non-U.S. countries. All our marketable securities are held in the U.S. We have substantial cash requirements in the U.S., but we believe that the combination of our existing U.S. cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, our ability to repatriate cash to the U.S. more cost effectively with the recent U.S. tax law changes, future U.S. operating cash flows and cash available under our credit facility will be sufficient to meet our ongoing U.S. operating expenses and known capital requirements.

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Cash provided by operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $234 million in FY'20 compared to $285 million in FY'19. The year-over-year decrease is primarily due to a $20 million increase in interest payments, a $17 million increase in restructuring payments, an $12 million decrease in tenant improvement reimbursements related to our Seaport facility, and an increase in tax payments, offset by higher cash collections of accounts receivable.

Restructuring payments totaled $42 million in FY’20, compared to $25 million in FY’19. Cash paid for income taxes was $53 million in FY’20 compared to $39 million in FY’19.

Cash used in investing activities

Cash used in investing activities reflects $483 million used for acquisitions in FY’20 ($469 million of which related to Onshape), compared to $87 million in FY’19. For additional detail on our acquisitions, see Note 6. Acquisitions, included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. Our expenditures for property and equipment consist primarily of facility improvements (including our construction expenses for our new Seaport headquarters in FY’19), office equipment, computer equipment, and software.

Cash provided by financing activities

Our net borrowings in FY’20 of $345 million were primarily used to fund the Onshape acquisition. These net borrowings reflect the issuance of $1 billion in new notes in February 2020 and the repayment of $500 million of earlier issued notes in May 2020, as well as net repayments of $155 million under our revolving credit facility. In FY’19, net borrowings under the credit facility were $25 million, used to fund working capital requirements and the Frustum acquisition.

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Outstanding Debt

As of September 30, 2020, we had:

As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all financial and operating covenants of the credit facility and the note indentures. Any failure to comply with such covenants under the credit facility would prevent us from being able to borrow additional funds under the credit facility, and, as with any failure to comply with such covenants under the note indentures, could constitute a default that could cause all amounts outstanding to become due and payable immediately.

Our credit facility and our Senior Notes are described in Note 9. Debt to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.

Share Repurchase Authorization

Our Articles of Organization authorize us to issue up to 500 million shares of our common stock. We used cash from operations and borrowings under our credit facility to make such repurchases in FY’19. All shares of our common stock repurchased are automatically restored to the status of authorized and unissued.

On November 13, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase $1 billion of our common stock through September 30, 2023. We may use cash from operations and borrowings under our credit facility to make any such repurchases.

Expectations for Fiscal 2021

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations and amounts available under the credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements (which we expect to be approximately $25 million in FY’21) through at least the next twelve months and to meet our known long-term capital requirements.

Our expected uses and sources of cash could change, payments due to us may be delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our cash position could be reduced, and we could incur additional debt obligations if we decide to retire debt, engage in strategic transactions, or repurchase shares, any of which could be commenced, suspended or completed at any time. Any such repurchases or retirement of debt will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved in any debt retirement or issuance, share repurchases, or strategic transactions may be material.

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Contractual Obligations

At September 30, 2020, our contractual obligations were as follows:

As of September 30, 2020, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding of approximately $16.4 million (of which $0.5 million was collateralized).

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not created, and are not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating parts of our business that are not consolidated (to the extent of our ownership interest therein) into our financial statements. We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby we have subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In accordance with recently issued accounting pronouncements, we will be required to comply with certain changes in accounting rules and regulations, none of which are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for all recently issued accounting pronouncements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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We face exposure to financial market risks, including adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.

Foreign currency exchange risk

Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our most significant foreign currency exposures relate to Western European countries, Japan, Israel, China and Canada. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that arise from receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies. We do not enter into or hold foreign currency derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes nor do we enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge future cash flows or forecast transactions.

Our non-U.S. revenues generally are transacted through our non-U.S. subsidiaries and typically are denominated in their local currency. In addition, expenses that are incurred by our non-U.S. subsidiaries typically are denominated in their local currency. Approximately 60% of our revenue and 40% of our expenses were transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency translation affects our reported results because we report our results of operations in U.S. Dollars. Historically, our most significant currency risk has been changes in the Euro and Japanese Yen relative to the U.S. Dollar. Based on current revenue and expense levels (excluding restructuring charges and stock-based compensation), a $0.10 change in the USD to EUR and a 10 Yen change in the Yen to USD exchange rate would impact operating income by approximately $19 million and $9 million, respectively.

Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations arises in part from intercompany transactions, with most intercompany transactions occurring between a U.S. dollar functional currency entity and a foreign currency denominated entity. Intercompany transactions typically are denominated in the local currency of the non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary in order to centralize foreign currency risk. Also, both PTC (the parent company) and our non-U.S. subsidiaries may transact business with our customers and vendors in a currency other than their functional currency (transaction risk). In addition, we are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results and balances of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars (translation risk). If sales to customers outside of the United States increase, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates will increase.

Our foreign currency risk management strategy is principally designed to mitigate the future potential financial impact of changes in the U.S. dollar value of balances denominated in foreign currency, resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our foreign currency hedging program uses forward contracts to manage the foreign currency exposures that exist as part of our ongoing business operations. The contracts are primarily denominated in Japanese Yen and European currencies, and have maturities of less than three months.

Generally, we do not designate foreign currency forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes, and changes in the fair value of these instruments are recognized immediately in earnings. Because we enter into forward contracts only as an economic hedge, any gain or loss on the underlying foreign-denominated balance would be offset by the loss or gain on the forward contract. Gains and losses on forward contracts and foreign currency denominated receivables and payables are included in foreign currency net losses.

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As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, we had outstanding forward contracts for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments with notional amounts equivalent to the following:

Debt

In addition to the $1 billion due under our 2025 and 2028 Senior Notes, as of September 30, 2020, we had $18 million outstanding under our credit facility. Loans under the credit facility bear interest at variable rates which reset every 30 to 180 days depending on the rate and period selected by us. These loans are subject to interest rate risk as interest rates will be adjusted at each rollover date to the extent such amounts are not repaid. As of September 30, 2020, the annual rate on the credit facility loans was 1.81%. If there was a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates, the annual net impact to earnings and cash flows would be immaterial. This hypothetical change in cash flows and earnings has been calculated based on the borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2020 and a 100 basis point per annum change in interest rate applied over a one-year period.

Cash and cash equivalents

As of September 30, 2020, cash equivalents were invested in highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. We invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds. At September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $39 million in the United States, $108 million in Europe, $99 million in Asia Pacific (including India), and $29 million in other non-U.S. countries. Given the short maturities and investment grade quality of the portfolio holdings at September 30, 2020, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not materially affect the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents.

Our invested cash is subject to interest rate fluctuations and, for non-U.S. operations, foreign currency risk. In a declining interest rate environment, we would experience a decrease in interest income. The opposite holds true in a rising interest rate environment. Over the past several years, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, European Central Bank and Bank of England have changed certain benchmark interest rates, which has led to declines and increases in market interest rates. These changes in market interest rates have resulted in fluctuations in interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest income will continue to fluctuate based on changes in market interest rates and levels of cash available for investment. Changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar had an immaterial impact on our consolidated cash balances in 2020 and an unfavorable impact of $2.6 million and $7.8 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, in particular due to changes in the Euro and the Japanese Yen.

The consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements are attached as APPENDIX A.

None.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by SEC Rule 15d-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2020.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment and those criteria, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2020, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears under Item 8.

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Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

None.

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PART III

The information required by this item with respect to our directors and executive officers may be found in the sections captioned “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance,” "Our Executive Officers," and “Transactions With Related Persons” appearing in our 2021 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated into this Item 10 by reference.

Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers

We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller, as well as others. The Code is embedded in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all employees. A copy of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is publicly available on our website at www.ptc.com. If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waiver from, including any implicit waiver, the Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers to or for our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer or Controller, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver in a current report on Form 8-K.

Information with respect to director and executive compensation may be found under the headings “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” and “Compensation Committee Report” appearing in our 2021 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Information required by this item may be found under the headings “Information about PTC Common Stock Ownership” in our 2021 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

as of September 30, 2020

Information with respect to this item may be found under the headings “Independence of Our Directors,” “Review of Transactions with Related Persons” and “Transactions with Related Persons” in our 2021 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Information with respect to this item may be found under the headings “Engagement of Independent Auditor and Approval of Professional Services and Fees” and “PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Professional Services and Fees” in our 2021 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

(a) Documents Filed as Part of Form 10-K

(b) Exhibits

We hereby file the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index.

(c) Financial Statement Schedules

None.

None.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 20th day of November, 2020.

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated below, on the 20th day of November, 2020.